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CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW U NIVERSITY
NTERNATIONAL LAW SUBJECT- PRIVATE I NTERNAT
PROJECT WORK O ON
VALIDITY OF MARRIAGE
AO SUBMITTED TO - DR . P.P. R AO
SUBMITTED BY OHIT SINHA R OHIT OLL NO. 601 R OLL
9TH SEMESTER
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VALIDITY OF MARRIAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
T! "#$%$&g a '#()*% !a+ (& (, %! (+% +$g&$,$*a&% a*a$* *!a//&g+ I !a # ,a*. A& a%%'% a% a& // *a&2% 3 +a%$+,a*%(#$/ *('/% "$%!(4% %! +4''(#% a& g4$a&* (, /a#& '('/. G#a%$%4 $+ a &(3/ #+'(&+ (, (&5+ +(4/ %( $&&++ (# !/' g&#(4+/ #&# 3 a&(%!# a& $%+ a*&("/g&% $+ %! 4% a& )(a&*. I a (#"!/ $& a// !43/&++ a& g#a%,4/&++ %( a*&("/g (4# '%! %( a// %!(+ "!( !a !/' 4+ %( '4% %!+ $a+7 "// a3( %! // (, +$'/$*$% a& $&%( +(%!$&g *(&*#% ,,*%$/ a& (#(# (& %$. M ,$#+% (3/$ga%$(&7 $##a3/ 3 %! #3a/ 8'#++$(&7 $+ %( (4# +43)*% %a*!# Dr %a*!# Dr.. P.P P.P.. Rao "!( !a+ g$& !$+ a/4a3/ !/' $& #$a "a ,#( %! +%a#% %( %! # &. H "a+ a/"a+ %!# %( +!(" 4+ %! #$g!% %#a* "!& " & !$+ !/'. H /&% !$+ a/4a3/ +4gg+%$(&+7 g4$a&* a& &*(4#ag&%7 $& $,,#&% a%%#+ #ga#$&g %! %('$*. H !a 3& # $& a& 'a%$&% "!$/ +4gg+%$&g %! (4%/$&+ (, %!$+ '#()*% a& *(##*%$&g (43%+. I %!a& !$ ,(# !$+ (#a// +4''(#%+ "$%! %! !/' (, "!$*! I "a+ a3/ %( '#,(# %!$+ '#()*% "(#. I "(4/ /$ %( 8%& %! %!a&+ %( 'a#&%+ ,(# %!$# +/,/++ &*(4#ag&% a& +4''(#% g$& %( a% *#$%$*a/ )4&*%4#+ 4#$&g %! a$&g %( %!$+ '#()*%. La+% 34% &(% %! /a+%7 I "(4/ /$ %( %!a& ,#$&+ "!( !/' a /(% $& ga%!#$&g $,,#&% $&,(#a%$(&7 *(//*%$&g a%a a& g4$$&g a*! (%!# ,#( %$ %( %$ $& a$&g %!$+ '#()*%. R(!$% S$&!a 9%! S+%# P/a*Da%-
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VALIDITY OF MARRIAGE
TABLE OF INDEX
A. AIMS AND OB:ECTIVE-...................................................................................................; B. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
I& E&g/$+! /a"7 a a##$ag %!(4g! a *(&%#a*%7 $+ a +4$ g&#$+. Ea*! /ga/ ++% %#$&+ %! a%%#$34%+ (, a a##$ag7 a% C((& La" $& E&g/a& $% $+ $& ++&* a *(&+&+4a/ 4&$(& (, a a& a& "(a&. I& a */3#a% (# &(%(#$(4+ *a+ $& 1@667 )yde v. )yde* , $% "a+ !/ %!a% a a##$ag "a+ (/4&%a# 4&$(& ,(# /$, (, (& a& "$%! (& "(a& %( 8*/4+$(& (, (%!#+. T!$+ *$+$(& "a+ %! ,(4&a%$(& (, %! #4/ %!a% '(/ga(4+ a##$ag+ "# &(% #*(g&$ $& E&g/a&.6 E& "!& $(#*+ 3*a a+$#7 %! *(&*'% "a+ a$&%a$&7 a+ %! $++(/43$/$% (, a a##$ag $ &(% a,,*% $%+ /ga/ *!a#a*%# .? T!$+ "a+ a/+( %! '(+$%$(& $& A4+%#a/$a7 a& Ca&aa.@ 4 C!+!$# N(#%!7 P#$a% I&%#&a%$(&a/ La"7 %!$#%&%! &7 '. ?>1.
5 1@66 LR 1 P D 1=0
6 T(a %! +$%4a%$(& !a+ 3& *!a&g 4&# %!$+ a& &(" %! a# #*(g&$ ,(# a& '4#'(++.
7 +achimson v. +achimson 19=0 P 1? CA7 a a##$ag $& %! USSR a% a %$ "!& a 4&$/a%#a/
$(#* "a+ aa$/a3/ %( $%!# 'a#% "a+ #*(g&$ a+ a a/$ a##$ag $& E&g/a&. 8 Ma##$ag+ */3#a% a**(#$&g %( C!$&+7 :a'a&+7 E+$( a& :"$+! #$%+ "# a/+( #*(g&$ (&
'#((, %!a% +4*! a##$ag+ "# (&(ga(4+. Ca+%/+ Wa/#+7 Ca&a$a& C(&,/$*% (, La"+7 +$8%! &7 'a#a 16.6
? | P a g
VALIDITY OF MARRIAGE
I& I&$a7 a(&g H$&4+ a##$ag !a+ a/"a+ 3& #ga# a+ +a*#a&%7 "!$/+% $& M(!(a& La"7 $% $+ a *(&%#a*%. T! ,(#a/ #J4$#&% (, %! a##$ag "$// 3 g(#& 3 %! /a" (, %! *(4&%# "!# %! a##$ag $+ */3#a%. A a##$ag *a& 3 */3#a% $, %! 'a#%$+ % %! +43+%a&%$ #J4$#&% (, %! (+%$* /a" (, %! *(4&%# "!# %! a##$ag $+ */3#a%7 a& (& (, %! 'a#%$+ $+ a &a%$(&a/ (, %!a% +%a%7 (# !a3$%4a// #+$+ %!# a& a*! 'a#% +a%$+,$+ %! +43+%a&%$ #J4$#&%+ (, %! /a" a''/$*a3/ %( %! 'a#%$+ $& a**(#a&* "$%! %! *(&,/$*% (, /a" #4/+ (, %! '/a* "!# %! a##$ag $+ */3#a%.9
II.
FORMAL VALIDITY OF M MARRIAGE ORMAL V
T! %# ,(#a/$%$+5 $&*/4+ +4*! J4+%$(&+ +4*! a+ "!%!# a *$$/ *#(&7 (# a& *#(& a% a// $+ #J4$#7 %! &43# (, "$%&+++ &*++a#7 %! '#$%% !(4#+ 4#$&g "!$*! %! a##$ag *a& 3 */3#a%7 "!%!# '43/$*a%$(& (, a##$ag $+ &*++a#7 a& +( (&.1; N(" a+ a g&#a/ '#$&*$'/7 %! ,(#a/ a/$$% (, a a##$ag $+ %#$& 4&# %! 4&$*$'a/ le( loci celebrationis (& %! a% (, %! *#(& %! '#$&*$'/ (, #&($ (+ &(% a''/ 4&/++ $% "$// #,# %( a /a" %!a% "$// a/$a% %! a##$ag7 a& %! le( domicilii (, $%!# 'a#% "$// 3 $##/a&%. T!$+ #4/ $+ +$'/ a& a+ %( a''/. I% +!(4/ 3 (3$(4+ %( 'a#%$+ "$+!$&g %( a## %!a% %! +!(4/ *('/ "$%! %! /(*a/ ,(#a/$%$+.10 E&g/$+! P#$a% I&%#&a%$(&a/ ++%7 %! #J4$#&% %!a% a a##$ag a 3 ,(#a// a/$ 3 %! '#$&*$'/ (, le( loci celebrationis $+ $'#a%$7 "!$*! a$%+ &( a/%#&a%$ %+%. I& %! *(&%$&&%a/ E4#('7 !("#7 %! %+% $+ ,a*4/%a%$< %! #J4$#&% $+ %!a% %! a##$ag +!(4/ 3 ,(#a// a/$ $%!# 3 %! le( loci celebrationis (# 3 %! '#+(&a/ /a"+ (, %! 'a#%$+. U&# %! F#&*! /a" a a##$ag "!$*! $+ +(/&$ (4%+$ F#a&* +!(4/ 3 ,(#a// a/$ $%!# 4&# %! /a" (, %! '/a* "!# $% $+ */3#a% (# 3 %! '#+(&a/ /a" (, %! 'a#%$+. T! +a $+ %! '(+$%$(& 4&# %! G#a& La". C(4&%#$+ /$ G#* a& Ma/%a /a ("& %!a% *('/$a&* "$%! %! '#+(&a/ /a" $+ &*++a# a& (3/$ga%(#7 $, %! 'a#%$+ 3/(&g %( %! O#%!((8 C!4#*!7 $& %! ,(## *a+7 a& %( R(a& 9 A#%. = (, %! Hag4 C(&&%$(& (& %! C/3#a%$(& R*(g&$%$(& (, %! Va/$$% (, Ma##$ag+7 19?@.
10
N4//$% *(&,/$*%7 aa$/a3/ a%< !%%' DLR = >97 *$% $& D$* M(##$+7 C(&,/$*% (, La"7 %!$#%&%! &
'a#a 1>-010.
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VALIDITY OF MARRIAGE
g(#& 3 %! /a" (, %! ($*$/ (, %! 'a#%$+. ? T! J4+%$(& %!a% a#$++ $+ a+ %( "!$*! /8 ($*$/$$ !a+ %( 3 *(&+$#7 (, 3(%! 'a#%$+7 (# (, %! 'a#% "!(+ *(&+&% $+ $& J4+%$(&. T! *(&+&+4+ ++ %( 37 %!(4g! %!# $+ &( *$+$(& (& %! +43)*%7 %!a% $+ +!(4/ 3 ($*$/ (, %! '#+(& "!( $+ a//g %( !a /a* *(&+&%. I& Davison v. Sweeney7@ $% "a+ !/ %!a% a//g a3+&* (, *(&+&% "a+ a a%%# ,(# a ($*$/ (, %! 'a#% *(&*#&. I& Ca&aa7 *(&+&% $+ #ga# a+ a 'a#% (, ++&%$a/ a/$$% (, a a##$ag a& '&+ (& %! a&% &4'%$a/ ($*$/ (, %! 'a#%$+.
V.
THE C CHOICE OF L LAW R RULE
F(#a/ a/$$% $+ g(#& 3 %! /a" (, %! *(4&%# "!# %! a##$ag $+ */3#a%7 %!a% /a" $+ &(% g&#a// %!(4g!% a''#('#$a% $& %! E&g/$+! *(&,/$*% (, /a"+ %( g(#& %! ++&%$a/ a/$$%. T!$+ $+ 3*a4+ %! a##$ag a 3 */3#a% $& a *(4&%# "!$*! $& (%!# #+'*% !a+ &( *(&&*%$(& "$%! %! a##$ag (# %! 'a#%$+. N$%!# (, %! 'a#%$+ a 3 ($*$/ %!# 3,(# %! *#(& a& %! a &(% +%a3/$+! %!$# !( %!# a,%# $%. T! *!($* (, /a" #4/ (*%#$&+ a# a+ 4&#< A DUAL D DOMICILE D DOCTRINE A**(#$&g %( %! 4a/ ($*$/ (*%#$& #4/ $+ %!a% a '#+(& + ($*$/ a% %! a% (, %! ‟
a##$ag !a+ %( 3 *(&+$#. F(# a##$ag %( 3 a/$7 a*! 'a#% 4+% !a *a'a*$% 3 %! /a" (, !$+ (# !# ($*$/ %( *(&%#a*% %! a##$ag. T!$+ #4/ *(a&+ (+% $& E&g/$+! /a"7 !a+ +#a/ aa&%ag+. I& %#+ (, '#$&*$'/7 $% $+ a''#('#$a% %!a% '('/ 3 g(#& 3 %! /a" (, %!$# 8$+%$&g ($*$/. T! a$& #a%$(&a/ (, %!$+ #4/ $+ %!a% a '#+(& + +%a%4+ $+ a a%%# (, ‟
'43/$* *(&*#& %( %! *(4&%# %( "!$*! ! 3/(&g+ a% %! %$ (, a##$ag a& %!#,(# %! ($*$/$a# /a" (, a*! 'a#% !a+ a& J4a/ #$g!% %( 3 !a#. A&(%!# aa&%ag (, %!$+ (*%#$& $+ %!a% $% $+ a+ %( a''/ $& '#(+'*%$ +$%4a%$(&.
27 Wa . Wa 19>9 A// ER 9;9.
28 00; ;; D.L.R. >%! ?;? BC
1= | P a g
VALIDITY OF MARRIAGE
F. I NTENDED M MATRIMONIAL H HOME D DOCTRINE A& a/%#&a%$ a''#(a*! $+ %!a% %! /a" (, %! $&%& a%#$(&$a/ !(+ g(#&+ %! ++&%$a/ a/$$% (, a a##$ag.9 T!$+ '#($+ a 3a+$* '#+4'%$(& $& ,a(4# (, %! /a" (, %! *(4&%# $& "!$*! %! !4+3a& $+ ($*$/ a% %! a% (, %! a##$ag. T!$+ '#+4'%$(& *a& 3 #34%% $, a% %! %$ (, %! a##$ag %! 'a#%$+ $&%& %( +%a3/$+! a a%#$(&$a/ !( $& a $,,#&% *(4&%# a& $, %! $'/&% %!a% $&%&%$(& "$%!$& a #a+(&a3/ %$.=0 G. R EAL SUBSTANTIVE C CONNECTION EAL AND S A&(%!# '(++$3$/$% $+ %!a% %! ++&%$a/ a/$$% (, a##$ag +!(4/ 3 g(#& 3 %! /a" (, %! *(4&%# "$%! "!$*! %! a##$ag !a+ $%+ (+% a& #a/ a& +43+%a&%$a/ *(&&*%$(&. A+ "$%! %! $&%& a%#$(&$a/ !( (*%#$& %!$+ #4/ $+ %#$&g %( *(&&*% %! a##$ag "$%! %! *(4&%# %( "!$*! $% 3/(&g. N(#a//7 %! *(4&%# "$%! "!$*! a a##$ag $+ (+% */(+/ *(&&*% "$// 3 %! *(4&%# "!# %! a%#$(&$a/ !( $+ +$%4a%.=1 F4#%!#7 "!$/ %! #a/ a& +43+%a&%$a/ *(&&*%$(& %+% !a+ $%+ +4''(#%#+7 $% $+7 $& #a/$%7 a J4+%$(&- 3gg$&g %+%. T! J4+%$(& $& "!$*!7 *!($* (, /a" #4/ "$// 3+% /a %( %! a''/$*a%$(& (, %! /a" %( "!$*! %! 'a#%$+ a& a##$ag+ 3/(&g. T!$+ %+% (+ &(% a&+"# %! J4+%$(&7 34% #a%!# +$'/ #+%a%+ %! '#(3/.= H. VALIDITY OF EITHER P PARTY5S D DOMICILIARY L LAW U&# %!$+ %+% a a##$ag "(4/ 3 #ga# a+ ++&%$a// a/$ $, $% "# a/$ 4&# $%!# 'a#%5+ a&% &4'%$a/ ($*$/$a# /a". T!$+ '#('(+a/ !a+ %! aa&%ag %!a% $% "(4/ '#((% %! '(/$* $& ,a(4# (, a/$$% (, a##$ag7 34% !a+ /$%%/ /+ %( *(& $%.==
29 C!+!$# N(#%!7 P#$a% I&%#&a%$(&a/ La"7 +&%! &7 ' ?6.
30 C((7 T! L(g$* a& Lga/ Ba++ (, %! C(&,/$*% (, La"+ 19> ' >>@.
31 La"#&* . La"#&* 19@; 1 A// ER ;06.
32 Da$7 T! B#a$&g U' (, %! E++&%$a/ Va/$$% (, Ma##$ag C!($* (, La" R4/+ $& E&g/$+!
C(&,/$*% (, La"+5 33 Ha#%/7 T! P(/$* Ba+$+ (, %! E&g/$+! C(&,/$*% (, La"+ (, Ma##$ag5 19? =; MLR ;?1.
1> | P a g
VALIDITY OF MARRIAGE
I. A VARIABLE R R ULE ULE I& (## %( %#$& %! (+% a''#('#$a% *!($* (, /a" #4/7 (& +!(4/ 8a$& "! a 'a#%$*4/a# $'$&% 8$+%+ a& "!$*! /a" !a+ %! (+% $&%#+% $& %! a/$$% (, %! a##$ag. O& %!$+ 3a+$+7 %! ($,$ $&%& a%#$(&$a/ !( #4/ '#('(+ a3( ++ %! (# a''#('#$a% %( g(#& $&*a'a3$/$%$+ "!$*! a# $'(+ %( '#(%*% %! '43/$* $&%#+% (, *(4&%#$+7 #a%!# %!a& %! $&%#+% (, %! 'a#%$+ %( %! a##$ag.=>
VI.
MATRIMONIAL C CAUSES
Ma%#$(&$a/ *a4++ a# &(" g&#a// %a& %( $&*/4 '%$%$(& ,(# $(#*7 &4//$% (, a##$ag7 )4$*$a/ +'a#a%$(& a& '#+4'%$(& (, a%! a& $++(/4%$(& (, a##$ag a+ "// a+ +$$/a# ,(#$g& '#(*$&g+ "!$*! a ,a// #*(g&$%$(& !#. T! #4/+ #/a%$&g %( %! )4#$+$*%$(& (, %! *(4#%+ a& %( %! #*(g&$%$(& (, %! ,(#$g& $(#*+7 a&&4/&%+ a& )4$*$a/ +'a#a%$(&+ a#7 $& ++&*7 %! +a ,(# a// %!# a%#$(&$a/ *a4++7 a& %!#,(# 3 8a$& %(g%!#7 $&%$,$&g "!# a''#('#$a% a& #4/ "!$*! ( &(% a''/ %( a// %!#. I% "$// 3 +& %!a% %! (& a)(# a#a (, $,,#&* #a$&$&g *(&*#&+ %! %#$&a%$(& (, %! /a" %( 3 a''/$ 3 %! E&g/$+! C(4#%. I% $+ a/+( &*++a# %( $+*4++ a ,4#%!# '#/$$&a# $++47 &a/ "!%!# a& E&g/$+! *(4#% "$// a++4 )4#$+$*%$(& %( g#a&% a%#$(&$a/ #/$, $& %! *a+ (, a& a*%4a// (# '(%&%$a/ '(/ga(4+ a##$ag. A POLYGAMOUS M MARRIAGES AND M MATRIMONIAL R R ELIEF ELIEF $
A% C((& La"
U&%$/ 19?7 %! #4/ (, E&g/$+! La" "a+ %!a% %! 'a#%$+ %( a '(/ga(4+ a##$ag "# &(% &%$%/ %( %! #$+7 %! a)4$*a%$(&7 (# #/$, (, %! a%#$(&$a/ /a" (, E&g/a&.=; I% a&% %!a%7 $& %! *a+ (, a '(/ga(4+ a##$ag7 %! *(4#% "(4/ g#a&% a $(#*7 a *# (, &4//$% & "!# %! '%$%$(&# */a$ /a* (, *a'a*$% %( &%# a '(/ga(4+ a##$ag7=6 (# a *# (, )4$*$a/ +'a#a%$(&. I% *a& 3 #a/$7 !("#7 %!a% ,4&a&%a/ #,(# "a+ *a// ,(# a $" 34 :a,,7 T('$*+ $& C!($* (, La" 1996 '' =-?.
35 S4'#a &(. ;.
36 Ris4 v. Ris4 19;0 A// ER 9?=.
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(, %! &43# (, $$g#a&%+ ,#( )4#$+$*%$(&a/ "!# %! !a *(&%#a*% a/$ a##$ag+ $& '(/ga(4+ ,(#. A +43+%a&%$a/ &43# (, '('/7 '#a&&%/ #+$&%+ %!#(4g! &(% ($*$/ $& E&g/a&7 "# &$ a// a%#$(&$a/ #/$,. $$$.
Ma%#$(&$a/ Ca4++ A*%7 19?=
T! &%$# a3( #4/ !a 3& *!a&g &(" a& S*%$(& >?=? (, %! Ma%#$(&$a/ Ca4++ A*%7 19?= a+ $% aa$/a3/ %( %! 'a#%$+ %( a& a*%4a// '(/ga(4+ a##$ag a "$ #a&g (, a%#$(&$a/ #/$,7=@ &a/ *#+ (, $(#*7 &4//$%7 )4$*$a/ +'a#a%$(&7 '#+4'%$(& (, a%! a& $++(/4%$(& (, a##$ag7 (## ,(# ,$&a&*$a/ '#($+$(&+ $& %! *a++ (, &g/*% %( a$&%a$&7 a#$a%$(&+ (, a$&%&a&* ag#&%7 (##+ ,(# ,$&a&*$a/ #/$, (# #/a%$&g %( *!$/#& "!$*! a# a&*$//a# %( a& (, %! '#*$&g *#=9 (# (##7 (## a 4&# Pa#% I (, %! D(+%$* P#(*$&g+ a& Mag$+%#a%+ C(4#% A*% 19?@7 (## ,(# ,$&a&*$a/ #/$, a,%# a ,(#$g& $(#*7 a&&4/&% (# /ga/ +'a#a%$(&>0 a& a& */a#a%$(& 4&# Pa#% III (, %! Fa$/ La" A*% 19@6 $&(/$&g a %#$&a%$(& a+ %( a/$$% (, a a##$ag. I& $% !a+ 3& +a$ %!a% %! ,,*% (, +*%$(& >? (, %! 19?= A*% $+ %( a3(/$+! &%$#/ %! (/ #4/7 +( %!a% a// ,(#+ (, #/$, "!$*! *a& 3 */a++ a+ a%#$(&$a/ a# &(" aa$/a3/ $& %! *a+ (, '(/ga(4+ a##$ag+. $.
Ra$&$&g P#(3/+
W!# %! 'a#% %( a& a*%4a// '(/ga(4+ a##$ag 3#$&g+ '#(*$&g ,(# $(#* a//g $##%#$a3/ 3#a("& (, %! a##$ag7>1$,,$*4/%$+ a a#$+ (# a4/%#7 4&#a+(&a3/
37 A C(4#% $& E&g/a& a& Wa/+ +!a// &(% 3 '#*/4 ,#( g#a&%$&g a%#$(&$a/ #/$, (# a$&g a
*/a#a%$(& *(&*#&$&g %! a/$$% (, a a##$ag 3 #a+(& (&/ %!a% $%!# 'a#% %( %! a##$ag $+7 (# !a+ 4#$&g %! +43+%a&* (, %! a##$ag 3&7 a##$ %( (# %!a& (& '#+(&. 38 Ma%#$(&$a/ Ca4++ A*% 19?=7 S*%$(& >?.
39 %haudhary v. %haudhary7 19?6 Fa 1>@ a% 1;1.
40 Ma%#$(&$a/ a& Fa$/ P#(*$&g+ A*%7 19@>7 S*!4/ 1 'a#a 1;. =9Ma%#$(&$a/ Ca4++ A*% 19?=7
S*%$(& >?=. 41 I3$7 S*%$(& 1.
16 | P a g
VALIDITY OF MARRIAGE
3!a$(# (# +#%$(& a+ '#((, (, 3#a("&.> I, a "$, a//g+ %!a% !# !4+3a& !a+ *($%% a4/%# "$%! a&(%!# "$,7 +4*! a */a$ "$// 4+4a// ,a$/ 3*a4+7 $% $+ a& ++&%$a/ /&% (, a4/%# %!a% $&%#*(4#+ !a+ %a& '/a* (4%+$ %! a##$ag #/a%$(&+!$' $.. 3%"& '#+(&+ &(% a##$ %( a*! (%!#. T!$+ 3$&g +(7 $&%#*(4#+ "$%! a "$, *(4/ &(% 3 a4/%#.>= I& %#+ (, '(/$* %!$+ *(&*/4+$(& ++ #$g!% $, 3(%! %! a##$ag+ "# &%# $&%( $& '(/ga(4+ ,(#. I% !a+ 3& +a$>> %!a% $& +4*! a *a+ %!# !a+ 3& &( 3#a*! (, %! (3/$ga%$(& (, ,$/$% $'(+ 3 %! /a" g(#&$&g %! a##$ag7 ,(//(" 3 a a/$ '(/ga(4+ (&. I, a "$, $(#*+ '%$%$(& $+ 3a+ (& %! !4+3a&5+ 4&#a+(&a3/ 3!a$(# 7>; %! *(4#% "$// !a %( 8a$& a// %! *$#*4+%a&*+ (, %! a##$ag >6 a& $% 3& a/+( !/ %!a% %! %a$&g 3 %! !4+3a& (, a +*(& "$, $+ 4&#a+(&a3/ 3!a$(# %("a#+ %! ,$#+%.>? S$$/a#/7 $, a !4+3a&5+ '%$%$(& $+ 3a+ (& +#%$(& 3 %! ,$#+% "$,7 %! ,a*% %!a% ! "a+ %! a/$$% a##$ a +*(& "$, !a+ 3& !/ %( g$ %! ,$#+% "$, #a+(&a3/ g#(4& ,(# /a$&g !$.>@ :. :URISDICTION D$(#* a& :4$*$a/ S'a#a%$(& I% "a+ /a 3 %! P#$ C(4&*$/ $& &e Mesurier v. &e Mesurier, %!a% a**(#$&g %( $&%#&a%$(&a/ /a"7 %! ($*$/ ,(# %! %$ 3$&g (, %! a##$ 'a$# a,,(#+ %! (&/ )4#$+$*%$(& a& (&/ %#4 %+% (, )4#$+$*%$(& %( $++(/ %!$# a##$ag. T! ++&* (, %! #4/ $& %!$+ *a+ "a+ %!a% %!# ‟
42 I3$7 S*%$(& 1 a7 3 a& *. T!+ g#(4&+ ,(# $(#* "$// &( /(&g# 3 #/a&% $, a& "!&
Pa#% II (, %! Fa$/ La" A*%7 1996 $+ 3(4g!% $&%( ,(#*. 43 5nobrauche v. 5nobrauche 19?@ @ Fa La" 10?
44 C/$7 T! La" (, H4+3a& a& W$, $& S*(%/a&7 >%! &. 199?7 '' 109-110
45 Ma%#$(&$a/ Ca4++ A*% 19?= S*%$(& 1 3
46 Gollins v. Gollins 196> AC 6>>.
47 Poon v 6an 19?= > Fa$/ La" 161.
48 7uoraishi v. 7uoraishi 19@; FLR ?@0 CA
1? | P a g
VALIDITY OF MARRIAGE
+!(4/ 3 (&/ (& %+% (, )4#$+$*%$(& a& (&/ (& *(4#% *a'a3/ (, $++(/$&g a 'a#%$*4/a# a##$ag7 %! *(4#% (, %! 'a#%$+ ($*$/. T! Ma%#$(&$a/ Ca4++ A*%7 19=?7 '#($ %!a% %! C(4#% +!(4/ !a )4#$+$*%$(& %( g#a&% a $(#*7 $& '#(*$&g 3 a "$,7 &(%"$%!+%a&$&g %!a% %! !4+3a& "a+ &(% ($*$/ $& E&g/a&7 $, +! !a 3& +#% 3 !# !4+3a&7 (# %! !4+3a& !a 3& '(#% ,#( U&$% K$&g(7 a& %! !4+3a& "a+ $$a%/ 3,(# %! +#%$(& (# '(#%$(& ($*$/ $& E&g/a&.>9 T!+ &a*%&%+ "# *(&,$& %( '#(*$&g 3 a "$,. T! $ &(% 8%& %( *#(++-'%$%$(& 3 a #+'(&&% !4+3a&.;0 T! 8#*$+ (, %! E&g/$+! C(4#%+ )4#$+$*%$(& $& '#(*$&g ,(# $(#* $+ +43)*% %( #4/+ #J4$#$&g (# &a3/$&g %! *(4#% %( +%a %!(+ '#(*$&g+ $& *#%a$& *$#*4+%a&*+.;1 % N&''()* +, //(0
B,(# 19?> %! )4#$+$*%$(& (, %! B#$%$+! C(4#% %( &%#%a$& '%$%$(&+ ,(# %! &4//$% (, a##$ag+ "a+ (& (, %! (+% 8 a& $,,$*4/% J4+%$(& $& %! "!(/ (, %! E&g/$+! *(&,/$*% (, /a"+. A& &(#(4+ +$'/$,$*a%$(& (, %! /a" "a+ ,,*% 3 +*%$(& ;= (, %! D($*$/ a& Ma%#$(&$a/ P#(*$&g A*% 19?=. T!$+ '#($+ %!a% %! E&g/$+! C(4#% !a +4*! )4#$+$*%$(& %( &%#%a$& +4*! '%$%$(& $, a&7 +43)*% %( +*%$(& ;;7 (& $, $%!# 'a#% %( %! a##$ag< a 3
I+ ($*$/ $& E&g/a& (& %! a% "!& %! '#(*$&g+ a# 3g4& Wa+ !a3$%4a// #+$&% $& E&g/a& %!#(4g!(4% %! '#$( (, (& a# &$&g "$%! %!
*
a%7 (# D$+ 3,(# %!a% a% a& $%!# "a+ a% a%! ($*$/ $& E&g/a&7
!a 3&
!a3$%4a// #+$&% $& E&g/a& %!#(4g!(4% %! '#$( (, (& a# &$&g "$%! %! a% (, %! a%!. W$%!(4% %!$+ $&+$g&$,$*a&% 8*'%$(&7 %! 3a++ ,(# )4#$+$*%$(& $& &4//$% (, a##$ag a# &(" %! +a a+ $& $(#* a& )4$*$a/ +'a#a%$(&. A ($a3/ a##$ag &( /(&g# *(&,#+ %! !4+3a& + ‟
($*$/ a% %! a% (, %! a##$ag.; T! 3a++ ,(# )4#$+$*%$(& a# &(" +a "!%!# %!
49 S*%$(& 1=7 34% &(" #'a/.
50 &evett v. &evett and Smith 19;? P. 1;6
51 Fa$/ P#(*$&g R4/+7 1991
52 S*%$(& 1 (, D($*$/ a& Ma%#$(&$a/ P#(*$&g+ A*%7 19?=.
1@ | P a g
VALIDITY OF MARRIAGE
a##$ag $+ a//g %( 3 ($ (# ($a3/. I% $+ %!#,(# &( /(&g# &*++a# %( *(&+4/% ,(#$g& /a" $.. %! /a" (, %! !4+3a& + ($*$/ a% %! a% (, %! a##$ag.;= ‟
C2+(3 +, L4 A. D(5+/3
T! J4+%$(& (, *!($* (, /a" !a+ &# 3& '#($&&% $& %! E&g/$+! #4/+ (, %! *(&,/$*% (, /a"+ #/a%$&g %( $(#*7 "!$*! !a+ a/"a+ 3& %#a% a+ '#$a#$/ a )4#$+$*%$(&a/ J4+%$(&. E&g/$+! C(4#% "!& *$$&g "!%!# %( #*(g&$ ,(#$g& $(#* !a &# 8a$& %! g#(4& (& "!$*! %! *# "a+ g#a&% $& (## %( !a&7 "!& E&g/$+! C(4#% !a %!+/+ a++4 )4#$+$*%$(&7 %! !a &# a''/$ a& (%!# /a" %!a& %!a% (, E&g/a&. I& E&g/$+! /a" %! (&/ '(++$3/ a/%#&a%$ %( %! /8 ,(#$ "(4/ 3 %! /a" (, %! ($*$/. N( $,,#&* 3%"& %! *(4/ 8$+% 3,(# 19=@7 3*a4+ E&g/$+! *(4#%+ $ &(% 8#*$+ )4#$+$*%$(& 4&/++ %! 'a#%$+ "# ($*$/ $& E&g/a&. T! C(4#% (, A''a/ %#$& %! J4+%$(& (, $(#* 3 %! /a" "!$*! "(4/ 3 a''/$*a3/ %!#%( $, 3(%! %! 'a#%$+ "# ($*$/ $& E&g/a& a% %! %$ (, %! '#(*$&g7 $.. E&g/$+! /a".;> T! #4/ a 3 )4+%$,$ (& %! g#(4& %!a% $% "(4/ 3 !$g!/ $&*(&&$&% a& 4&+$#a3/ ,#( %! '#a*%$*a/ '($&% (, $" %( a''/ ,(#$g& /a" $& E&g/$+! $(#* +4$%. Aga$&7 %( #J4$# E&g/$+! C(4#% %( $++(/ a##$ag a& 8(%$* ,(#$g& g#(4& "(4/ 3 $+%a+%,4/ %( )4g a& 4&a**'%a3/ %( '43/$* ('$&$(&. K. :UDICIAL S SEPARATION U&/$ $(#* a vinculo matrimonii, )4$*$a/ +'a#a%$(& "a+ a # g#a&% 3 %! **/+$a+%$*a/ *(4#% 3,(# 1@;@. T!# $% "a+ *a// $(#* a mensa et thoro $(#* ,#( 3 a& 3(a#. T! '#$&*$'/ ,,*% (, a *# "a+ a& $+ &%$%/ %! '%$%$(&# %( /$ a a'a#% ,#( %! #+'(&&%7 34% &(% %( $++(/ %!$# a##$ag &(# &a3/ $%!# 'a#% %( #a##. T! # $+ +(4g!% *!$,/ 3 '#+(& "!( !a #/$g$(4+ +*#4'/+ a3(4% $(#*. I% !a+ &# 3& (43% %!a% %! E&g/$+! *(4#% "$// a''/ E&g/$+! (+%$* /a" a& &( (%!#7 & $, %! 'a#%$+ a# ($*$/ a3#(a.
53 D R&$// . D R&$//7 19>@ P. 100.
54 8enelli v. 8enelli 19>@ 6> T.L.R ;;6.
19 | P a g
VALIDITY OF MARRIAGE
L. NULLITY OF M MARRIAGE ;; A &4//$% *# $+ *(&*#& "$%! %! a/$$% (, %! *#a%$(& (, a a##$ag7 4&/$ $(#* "!$*! $++(/+ a a##$ag "!$*! $+ a$%%/ a/$/ *#a%. T!$+ a&+ %!a% %! *!($* (, /a" $++4+ $& &4//$% $+ ++&%$a// %! +a a+ %!(+ a/#a 8a$& $& *(&%8% (, a##$ag. T! #a+(& "! %! *!($* (, /a" ,(# &4//$% $+ (# $,,$*4/% a#a %!a& $(#* $+ %!a% %! ,,*% (, a&&4/&% a#$+ a**(#$&g %( %! 'a#%$*4/a# g#(4& $& $++4 a& %! a# $& #/a%$(& %( %! +a g#(4& & "$%!$& U&$% K$&g(. S( ,*% a($+ a a##$ag a3 $&$%$(7 $.. #&# $% ($7 "!$/+% (%!# #/ #&#+ $% ($a3/. I, (& 'a#% $+ 3/(" $&$4 ag (, a##$ag (# $+ a/#a a##$7 E&g/$+! La" #ga#+ %! a##$ag a+ ($. ;6 I& S*(%/a&7 (& %! (%!# !a&7 /a* (, *(&+&% a/+( #&#+ %! a##$ag ($ a3 $&$%$(.;? T!# a# ,4#%!# $,,#&*+ $& #/a%$(& %( %! ,,*% (, a& a&&4/&%. T! a&&4/&% (, a ($ a##$ag !a+ #%#(+'*%$ ,,*% $% */a#+ %! a##$ag &# %( !a 8$+%. H("# %! '(+$%$(& $+ $,,#&% $& E&g/a& $& *a+ (, a ($a3/ a##$ag. I% !a+ 3& +4gg+% %!a%7 a+ a&&4/&% (, a ($a3/ a##$ag a& $(#* *# 3(%! (&/ !a '#(+'*%$ ,,*%7 %! /a" (, %! ,(#4 +!(4/ 3 a''/$ %( %! ,(## a+ %( %! /a%%#.
VII.
POSITION IN I INDIA
T!# ++ %( 3 (&/ (& *$+$(& (, a& I&$a& *(4#% (& %! +43)*%7 "!# %! J4+%$(& $ &(% $#*%/ a#$+7 a& $% "a+ (3+# 3 a /a#& +$&g/ )4g %!a% ,(#a/ a/$$% "(4/ 3 g(#& 3 %! /8 /(*$ */3#a%$(&$+.;@
55
I#/a& a/+( !a+ *$ &(% %( ('% (& %( R( III< P#++ R/a+ 10 O*%(3# 0067 aa$/a3/ a% !%%'1 Ca/ ;@.
0 | P a g
VALIDITY OF MARRIAGE
T! F(#$g& Ma##$ag A*% 19697 '#($+ %!a% a a##$ag '#,(# (4%+$ I&$a "(4/ 3 #ga# a+ a/$ $, $% "a+ '#,(# $& a**(#a&* "$%! %! /a" (, %! *(4&%# "!# %! a##$ag "a+ '#,(#7 %!4+ $'/$&g %!a% %! %+% ,(# +4*! a/$$% "a+ %! /8 /(*$ */3#a%$(&$+.;9 A+ I&$a& *(4#%+ %& %( ,(//(" %! #4/+ (, E&g/$+! /a" (& (+% $++4+ $& *(&,/$*% (, /a"+7 $% $+ '#(3a3/ %!a% I&$a& *(4#%+ "(4/ !(/7 a+ a% C((& La" $& E&g/a&7 %!a% %! ,(#a/ a/$$% (, a a##$ag "(4/ 3 g(#& 3 %! le( loci celebrationis. A CASE L LAWS IN II NDIA I& :. +arasimha Rao v. :. ;en4ata &a4shmi760 %! S4'# C(4#% (, I&$a (3+#7 I& a%%#+ (, +%a%4+ (# /ga/ *a'a*$% (, &a%4#a/ '#+(&+7 a%#$(&$a/ $+'4%+7 *4+%( (, *!$/#&7 a('%$(&7 %+%a&%a# a& $&%#+%a% +4**++$(& %*. %! '#(3/ $& %!$+ *(4&%# $+ *('/$*a% 3 %! ,a*% %!a% %!# 8$+% $,,#&% '#+(&a/ /a"+ a& &( 4&$,(# #4/ *a& 3 /a$ ("& ,(# a// *$%$&+ T! /a" %&+ %( 3 '#$a#$/ %#$& a& $&,/4&* 3 +(*$a/7 (#a/ (# #/$g$(4+ *(&+$#a%$(&+7 a& '43/$* '(/$* '/a+ a +'*$a/ a& $'(#%a&% #(/ $& +!a'$&g $%.61 S%a%4%+ &a*% $& I&$a a/+( #*(g&$+ %! '#$&*$'/ %!a% J4+%$(&+ (, *a'a*$% a# g(#& 3 %! /a" (, %! ($*$/. T! *(&$%$(&+ ,(# a a/$ a##$ag a# +% (4% $& +*%$(& ; (, %! H$&4 Ma##$ag A*% 19;;7 "!$*! a''/$+ %( H$&4+ ($*$/ $& I&$a7 & $, %! a# (4%+$ I&$a. T!$+ $+ */a# +%a%4%(# #*(g&$%$(& (, %! #4/ %!a% a// J4+%$(&+ (, *a'a*$% a# g(#& 3 %! /a" (, a '#+(&2+ ($*$/. I& I&$a7 4&# %! H$&4 Ma##$ag A*%7 19;;7 a& %"( H$&4+5 *a& '#,(# %!$# a##$ag7 '#($ %!a% %! *(&$%$(&+ /a$ ("& 4&# %! A*% a# ,4/,$//. T! I&$a& C(4#%+ "(4/ a**(# #*(g&$%$(& %( +4*! a##$ag+ & $, (& (, %! 'a#%$+ (# 3(%! %! 'a#%$+ %( %! a##$ag 59 T! F(#$g& Ma##$ag A*% 1969 A*% &(. == (, 19697 S*%$(& =
60 1991 = SCC >;17 a% >;@.
61
S4)a%a Ma&(!a#7 I&%#-'#+(&a/ La"+ $& I&$a7 aa$/a3/ !%%'
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