Principios y Derechos Constitucionales

 

Yrogkopofs Kfgstotukofg Kfgstotukofgjbhs jbhs [h hgtohgch pfr progkopofs kfgstotukofgjbhs f `ugcjlhgtjbhs, jquhbbjs prhskropkofghs quh kfgtohghg corhktrokhs nhghrjbhs quh chbolotjg hb jbkjgkh jxofbûnokf y pfbìtokf ch ug chthrlogjcf frchg aurìcokf4 sfg vhrcjchrjs gfrljs  aurìcokjs y `frljg pjrth ogthnr ogthnrjb jb chb frchg frchgjlohgtf jlohgtf aurì aurìcokf cokf kfgstotuko kfgstotukofgjb fgjb y kflf tjb tohghg hb jbkjgkh ch ‒jshnurjr bj phrljghgkoj y febonjtfrohcjc chb kfgthgocf ljthrojb ch bj kfgstotukoûg“. 

(Kfrth Kfgstotukofgjb, [hgthgkoj K- 8>3 ch :??5, L.Y. Korf Jgnjrotj Ejrûg). Bfs progkopofs kfgstotukofgjbhs sfg prhkhptfs kfg vjbfr gfrljtovf y `uhrzj vogkubjgth, kuyj h`okjkoj y jpbokjeobocjc hstê suphcotjcj j ug chsjrrfbbf gfrljtovf kflpbhlhgtjrof. Yjrj prhkosjr hb kfgkhptf ch chrhkmfs `ugcjlhgtjbhs y chrhkmfs sfkojbhs, hkfgûlokfs, kubturjbhs y chb jleohgth, hs prhkosf ch`ogor bj gfkoûg ch Chrhkmfs Muljgfs. [fg Chrhkmfs Muljgfs1 ‒Sfcfs jquhbbfs jtroeutfs y `jkubtjchs quh phrlothg j bj phrsfgj rhkbjljr kujgtf

ghkhsotj pjrj vovor ch ljghrj congj y kulpbor bfs `oghs prfpofs ch bj vocj hg kflugocjc“.  ‒Povor congjlhgth supfghg quh bj phrsfgj puhcj hxonor pjrj so eohghs hsporotujbhs

(vnr. Bj hcukjkoûg y bj kubturj), eohghs ljthrojbhs (vrn. Hb vhstocf f hb jbolhgtf) y ftrfs quh tohghg hxprhsoûg `ìsokj hg hb hspjkof y hb tohlpf (vrn. Bj boehrtjc ch bfkflfkoûg). (Sfljcf ch1 Ch`hgsfrìj chb Yuhebf  ‛  Kfbfleoj, Guhvh kuhstofghs eêsokjs sferh chrhkmfs muljgfs. Yrhnugtjs y rhspuhstjs, Efnftê, :??;, kot pfr J.J.P.P. Copbfljcf hg Chrhkmfs Muljgfs, hcotjcf pfr @jkubtjc ch Ogvhstonjkofghs, Hskuhbj [uphrofr ch Jclogostrjkoûg Yñebokj), Efnftê, 5993). Ch bj ljghrj kflf bf sfstohghg bfs jutfrhs Njspjr Kjejbbhrf y Ljrkhbj Jgzfbj Nob, bj ogkfrpfrjkoûg quh mjkh hb kfgstotuyhgth ch :??:, chb ljrkf gfrljtovf ch rhnubjkoûg ch bfs chrhkmfs muljgfs hg hb thxtf kfgstotukofgjb, fehchkh j ugj costogkoûg quh gf hs tjxjtovj go jesfbutj. [h costognuh jsì hgtrh chrhkmfs `ugcjlhgtjbhs, chrhkmfs sfkojbhs, hkfgûlokfs y kubturjbhs y chrhkmfs kfbhktovfs y chb jleohgth. Chrhkmfs @ugcjlhgtjbhs (Kjp. :. Sotubf OO)

 

[h hgtohgch pfr chrhkmfs `ugcjlhgtjbhs, jquhbbj kjthnfrìj ch chrhkmfs muljgfs quh kfrrhspfgchg j bj prfthkkoûg ch vjbfrhs ogmhrhgths j bj phrsfgj muljgj4 hb kfgthgocf cfnlêtokf hxprhsj bj rhjbozjkoûg loslj ch bfs vjbfrhs y progkopofs quh ogkfrpfrjg bj gfkoûg ch njrjgtìj ch chrhkmfs ch boehrtjc, f bfs bbjljcfs chrhkmfs kovobhs y pfbìtokfs. Bfs chrhkmfs `ugcjlhgtjbhs sh ochgto`okjg kfg bfs chrhkmfs muljgfs ch prolhrj nhghrjkoûg, jquhbbfs quh tohghg ug kfgthgocf lìgolf f gñkbhf hshgkojb ogghnjebh f orrhgugkojebh. Chrhkmfs [fkojbhs, Hkfgûlokfs y Kubturjbhs (Kjp. 5. Sotubf OO) Jbuch j jquhbbj kjthnfrìj ch chrhkmfs quh ogkfrpfrjg ogkfrp frjg ug chehr shr chb Hstjcf kflf njrjgth ch su rhjbozjkoûg y pjrj bf kujb sh rhquohrh ch ug chthrlogjcf hquopjlohgtf ogstotukofgjb quh chthrlogj bj kjpjkocjc ch ogthrvhgkoûg y prhstjkoûg pñebokj. Bj prhvosoûg ch bfs chrhkmfs sfkojbhs, hkfgûlokfs y kubturjbhs ch`oghg ug rfb ch hstjcf y ch sfkohcjc y thûrokjlhgth sh ochgto`okjg kfg bfs bbjljcfs chrhkmfs chb ‒eohghstjr sfkojb“ f bj ‒suesosthgkoj“ hg bj lhcocj hg quh njrjgtozjg bjs kfgcokofghs lìgoljs pjrj bj rhjbozjkoûg ch ugj kfgcokoûg ch vocj congj. [h trjtj ch jquhbbfs chrhkmfs ch shnugcj nhghrjkoûg, quh jchlês ch kfgthghr ug gñkbhf hshgkojb ogghnjebh, ogkfrpfrjg ug kfgthgocf prfcuktf chb chsjrrfbbf prfnrhsovf hg hb quh sh ogskroeh bj sfkohcjc y hb hstjcf. (Sfljcf ch [hroh Chrhkmfs hkfgûlokfs, sfkojbhs y kubturjbhs, pfr Ch`hgsfrìj chb Yuhebf, Uhc Gjkofgjb ch Yrflftfrhs ch Chrhkmfs Muljgfs, Efnftê, 5993). Chrhkmfs Kfbhktovfs y chb Jleohgth (Kjp. ;, Sotubf OO)1 [fg jquhbbjs prhskropkofghs ch kfgthgocf cfnlêtokf jtroeuoebhs gf j ug suahtf ogcovocujblhgth kfgsochrjcf, sogf hg `jvfr ch ug kfbhktovf f kflugocjc chthrlogjcj. SH]SF CH BJ KFG[SOSXKOÛG KFUUH[YFGCOHGSH J H[SJ [HKKOÛG SOSXBF O. CH BF[ YUOGKOYOF[ @XGCJLHGSJBH[ JUSOKXBF :. Kfbfleoj hs ug Hstjcf sfkojb ch chrhkmf, frnjgozjcf hg `frlj ch Uhpñebokj ugotjroj, chskhgtrjbozjcj, chskhgtrjboz jcj, kfg jutfgflìj ch sus hgtocjchs thrrotfrojbhs, chlfkrêtokj, chlfkr êtokj, pjrtokopjtovj y pburjbostj, `ugcjcj hg hb rhsphtf ch bj congocjc muljgj, hg hb trjejaf y bj sfbocjrocjc ch bjs phrsfgjs quh bj ogthnrjg y hg bj prhvjbhgkoj chb ogthrïs nhghrjb.

 

JUSOKXBF 5. [fg `oghs hshgkojbhs chb Hstjcf1 shrvor j bj kflugocjc, prflfvhr bj prfsphrocjc nhghrjb y njrjgtozjr bj h`hktovocjc ch bfs progkopofs, chrhkmfs y chehrhs kfgsjnrjcfs hg bj Kfgstotukoûg4 `jkobotjr bj pjrtokopjkoûg ch tfcfs hg bjs chkosofghs quh bfs j`hktjg y hg bj vocj hkfgûlokj, pfbìtokj, jclogostrjtovj y kubturjb ch bj Gjkoûg4 bj ogchphgchgkoj gjkofgjb,chljgthghr ogthnrocjc thrrotfrojb y jshnurjrch`hgchr bj kfgvovhgkoj pjkì`okj y bj vonhgkoj ug frchg bj austf. Bjs jutfrocjchs ch bj Uhpñebokj hstêg ogstotuocjs ogst otuocjs pjrj prfthnhr j tfcjs bjs phrsfgjs rhsochgths hg Kfbfleoj, hg su vocj, mfgrj, eohghs, krhhgkojs, y chlês chrhkmfs y boehrtjchs, y pjrj jshnurjr hb kulpbolohgtf ch bfs chehrhs sfkojbhs chb Hstjcf y ch bfs pjrtokubjrhs. pjrtokubjrhs.

CH BF[ CHUHKMF[ @XGCJLHGSJBH[ Chrhkmfs @ugcjlhgtjbhs (Kjp. :. Sotubf OO) [h hgtohgch pfr chrhkmfs `ugcjlhgtjbhs, jquhbbj kjthnfrìj ch chrhkmfs muljgfs quh kfrrhspfgchg j bj prfthkkoûg ch vjbfrhs ogmhrhgths j bj phrsfgj muljgj4 hb kfgthgocf cfnlêtokf hxprhsj bj rhjbozjkoûg loslj ch bfs vjbfrhs y progkopofs quh ogkfrpfrjg bj gfkoûg ch njrjgtìj ch chrhkmfs ch boehrtjc, f bfs bbjljcfs chrhkmfs kovobhs y pfbìtokfs. Bfs chrhkmfs `ugcjlhgtjbhs sh ochgto`okjg kfg bfs chrhkmfs muljgfs ch prolhrj nhghrjkoûg, jquhbbfs quh tohghg ug kfgthgocf lìgolf f gñkbhf hshgkojb ogghnjebh f orrhgugkojebh. SH]SF CH BJ KFG[SOSXKOÛG KFUUH[YFGCOHGSH J H[SJ [HKKOÛG KJYOSXBF O. CH BF[ CHUHKMF[ @XGCJLHGSJBH[ JUSOKXBF ::. Hb chrhkmf j bj vocj hs ogvofbjebh. Gf mjerê phgj ch luhrth. JUSOKXBF :5. Gjcoh shrê sflhtocf j chsjpjrokoûg `frzjcj, j tfrturjs go j trjtfs f phgjs kruhbhs, ogmuljgfs f chnrjcjgths.

 

JUSOKXBF :;. Sfcjs bjs phrsfgjs gjkhg boerhs h onujbhs jgth bj bhy, rhkoeorêg bj loslj prfthkkoûg y trjtf ch bjs jutfrocjchs y nfzjrêg ch bfs loslfs chrhkmfs, boehrtjchs y fpfrtugocjchs sog gognugj coskrologjkoûg pfr rjzfghs ch shxf, rjzj, fronhg gjkofgjb f `jlobojr, bhgnuj, rhbonoûg, fpogoûg pfbìtokj f `obfsû`okj. Hb Hstjcf prflfvhrê bjs kfgcokofghs pjrj quh bj onujbcjc shj rhjb y h`hktovj y jcfptjrê lhcocjs hg `jvfr ch nrupfs coskrologjcfs f ljrnogjcfs. Hb Hstjcf prfthnhrê hsphkojblhgth j jquhbbjs phrsfgjs quh pfr su kfgcokoûg hkfgûlokj, `ìsokj f lhgtjb, sh hgkuhgtrhg hg korkugstjgkoj ch cheobocjc ljgo`ohstj y sjgkofgjrê bfs jeusfs f ljbtrjtfs quh kfgtrj hbbjs sh kflhtjg. JUSOKXBF :3. Sfcj phrsfgj tohgh chrhkmf jb rhkfgfkoloh rhkfgfkolohgtf gtf ch su phrsfgjbocj phrsfgjbocjc c aurìcokj. JUSOKXBF :8. Sfcjs bjs phrsfgjs tohghg chrhkmf j su ogtolocjc phrsfgjb y `jlobojr y j su euhg gflerh, y hb Hstjcf cheh rhsphtjrbfs y mjkhrbfs rhsphtjr. Ch onujb lfcf, tohghg chrhkmf j kfgfkhr, jktujbozjr y rhkto`okjr bjs og`frljkofghs quh sh mjyjg rhkfnocf sferh hbbjs hg bfs ejgkfs ch cjtfs y hg jrkmovfs ch hgtocjchs pñebokjs pñebokjs y provjcjs.

Sìtubf : `ugcjlhgtjbhs

Ch

bfs

progkopofs

 Jr t ìku ìkubf bf :  Jrtìkubf :f. Kfbfleoj hs ug Hstjcf sfkojb ch chrhkmf, frnjgozjcf hg `frlj ch Uhpñebokj ugotjroj, chskhgtrjbozjcj, kfg jutfgflìj ch sus hgtocjchs thrrotfrojbhs, chlfkrêtokj, pjrtokopjtovj y pburjbostj, `ugcjcj hg hb rhsphtf ch bj congocjc muljgj, hg hb trjejaf y bj sfbocjrocjc ch bjs phrsfgjs quh bj ogthnrjg y hg bj prhvjbhgkoj chb ogthrïs nhghrjb.

 Jr t ìku ìkubf bf 5 

 

Jrtìkubf 5f. [fg `oghs hshgkojbhs chb Hstjcf1 shrvor j bj kflugocjc, prflfvhr bj prfsphrocjc nhghrjb y njrjgtozjr bj h`hktovocjc ch bfs progkopofs, chrhkmfs y chehrhs kfgsjnrjcfs hg bj Kfgstotukoûg4 `jkobotjr bj pjrtokopjkoûg ch tfcfs hg bjs chkosofghs quh bfs j`hktjg y hg bj vocj hkfgûlokj, pfbìtokj, jclogostrjtovj y kubturjb ch bj Gjkoûg4 ch`hgchr bj ogchphgchgkoj gjkofgjb, ljgthghr bj ogthnrocjc thrrotfrojb y jshnurjr bj kfgvovhgkoj pjkì`okj y bj vonhgkoj ch ug frchg austf. Bjs jutfrocjchs ch bj Uhpñebokj hstêg ogstotuocjs pjrj prfthnhr j tfcjs bjs phrsfgjs rhsochgths hg Kfbfleoj, hg su vocj, mfgrj, eohghs, krhhgkojs, y chlês chrhkmfs y boehrtjchs, y pjrj jshnurjr hb kulpbolohgtf ch bfs chehrhs sfkojbhs chb Hstjcf y ch bfs pjrtokubjrhs.

 Jr t ìku ìkubf bf ;  Jrtìkubf ;f. Bj sfehrjgìj rhsoch hxkbusovjlhgth hg hb puhebf, chb kujb hljgj hb pfchr pñebokf. Hb puhebf bj hahrkh hg `frlj corhktj f pfr lhcof ch sus rhprhshgtjgths, hg bfs tïrlogfs quh bj Kfgstotukoûg hstjebhkh. hstjebh kh.

ìkubf bf 3   Jr t ìku Jrtìkubf 3f. Bj Kfgstotukoûg hs gfrlj ch gfrljs. Hg tfcf kjsf ch ogkflpjtoeobocjc hgtrh bj Kfgstotukoûg y bj bhy u ftrj gfrlj aurìcokj, sh jpbokjrêg bjs cospfsokofghs kfgstotukofgjbhs. Hs chehr ch bfs gjkofgjbhs y ch bfs hxtrjgahrfs hg Kfbfleoj jkjtjr bj Kfgstotukoûg y bjs bhyhs, y rhsphtjr y fehchkhr j bjs jutfrocjchs.

 Jr t ìku ìkubf bf 8  Jrtìkubf 8f. Hb Hstjcf rhkfgfkh, sog coskrologjkoûg jbnugj, bj proljkìj ch bfs chrhkmfs ogjbohgjebhs ch bj phrsfgj y jlpjrj j bj `jloboj kflf ogstotukoûg eêsokj ch bj sfkohcjc.

 Jr t ìku ìkubf bf 0  Jrtìkubf 0f. Bfs pjrtokubjrhs sûbf sfg rhspfgsjebhs jgth bjs jutfrocjchs pfr og`rognor bj Kfgstotukoûg y bjs bhyhs. Bfs shrvocfrhs pñebokfs bf sfg pfr bj loslj kjusj y pfr flosoûg f hxtrjbolotjkoûg hg hb hahrkokof ch sus `ugkofghs.

 Jr t ìku ìkubf bf >  Jrtìkubf >f. Hb Hstjcf rhkfgfkh y prfthnh bj covhrsocjc ïtgokj y kubturjb ch bj Gjkoûg kfbfleojgj.

 

 Jr t ìku ìkubf bf =  Jrtìkubf =f. Hs febonjkoûg chb Hstjcf y ch bjs phrsfgjs prfthnhr bjs roquhzjs kubturjbhs y gjturjbhs ch bj Gjkoûg.

 Jr t ìku ìkubf bf ?  Jrtìkubf ?f. Bjs rhbjkofghs hxthrofrhs chb Hstjcf sh `ugcjlhgtjg hg bj sfehrjgìj gjkofgjb, hg hb rhsphtf j bj jutfchthrlogjkoûg ch bfs puhebfs y hg hb rhkfgfkolohgtf ch bfs progkopofs chb chrhkmf ogthrgjkofgjb jkhptjcfs pfr Kfbfleoj. Ch onujb ljghrj, bj pfbìtokj hxthrofr ch Kfbfleoj sh frohgtjrê mjkoj bj ogthnrjkoûg bjtogfjlhrokjgj y chb Kjroeh.

 Jr t ìku ìkubf bf :9 :9   Jrtìkubf :9. Hb kjsthbbjgf hs hb ocoflj f`okojb ch Kfbfleoj. Bjs bhgnujs y cojbhktfs ch bfs nrupfs ïtgokfs sfg tjleoïg f`okojbhs hg sus thrrotfrofs. Bj hgshújgzj quh sh olpjrtj hg bjs kflugocjchs kfg trjcokofghs bognòìstokjs b ognòìstokjs prfpojs shrê eobognòh.