Principios Básicos Del Mantenimiento de Sistemas de Cómputo

 

V_NILNVNG\ OË\NLG\ DBC AKITBINANBITG DB \N\TBAK\ DB LÜAVRT G \GVG_TB TÎLINLG DB LGAVRTKDG_K\ Bc \gpgrtb \gpgrtb Tîlinlg Tîlinlg db Lgapu Lgaputkdgr tkdgrks ks sb rbkcnzk rbkcnzk bi tgdks cks tkrbks tkrbks db akitbinanb akitbinanbitg, itg, kltukc kltukcnzkln nzklngibs, gibs, rbpkrklngibs db VL. Iubstrg go`bvg bs qub ck niegraëlk pkrk Rd. sbk uik jbrrkanbitk bi ck qub jkmk su trkok`g aës eëlnc y db ck qub ig tbimk qub prbglupkrsb pkrk ikdk ,cgs sbrvnlngs db sgpgrtb tîlinlg trktki db kyudkr kyudkr kc usukrn usukrng g k rbsgcv rbsgcvbr br dbtbra dbtbranik nikdgs dgs prgocb prgocbaks aks lgi kcm kcmði ði prgdul prgdultg tg bi vbz db bitrbi bitrbikr kr g pbrsgikcnzkr. Bi mbibrkc, bc sbrvnlng db sgpgrtb tîlinlg snrvb pkrk kyudkr k rbsgcvbr cgs prgocbaks qub pubdki prbsbitërsbcbs k cgs usukrngs, anbitrks jklbi usg db sbrvnlngs, prgmrkaks g dnspgsnvgs. ·[RÎ B\ AKITBINANBITG7 Bs bc lundkdg qub sb cb dk k ck lgaputkdgrk pkrk prbvbinr pgsnocbs ekccks, sb dbob tbibr bi lubitk ck uonlklnüi snlk dbc bqunpg yk sbk bi ck glnik g bi bc jgmkr, ksá lgag cgs lundkdgs bspblnkcbs lukidg ig sb bstë uskidg bc bqunpg. Jky dgs pgs db akitbinanbitg, bc prbvbivg y bc lgrrblvg. ·VG_ [RÎ _BKCNPK_ BC AKITBINANBITG7 

Cks lgaputkdgrks iblbsntki sbr "cnapnkdgs" pkrk akitbibrsb bi pbrebltks lgidnlngibs.

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Ck vndk ðc db uik lgaputkdgrk sb pubdb prgcgimkr.

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Bc pgcvg, lkcgr, juabdkd, lkrmks bcîltrnlks sgi puitgs k tbibr bi lubitk bi bc akitbinanbitg. Cks "napurbzks" db ck bibrmák bcîltrnlk lkuski dkûgs prgmrbsnvgs k iubstrk VL.

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Bc bilbidndg y kpkmkdg pbrakibitb db ck VL bs dkûnig pkrk ck VL.

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Cgs vnrus niegraëlgs napndbi ui igrakc euilngikanbitg db ck lgaputkdgrk.

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Cgs krljnvgs tbapgrkcbs lkrmki dbaksnkdg ck abagrnk db ck VL.

TNVG\ DB \GVG_TB TÎLINLG Bc sgpgrtb tîlinlg sb pubdb dkr pgr dnsitgs pgs db abdng, nilcuyb ybi idg bc lgrrbg bcbltrüinlg, ljkt, sgwkrb db kpcnlklnüi, ekxbs, y tîlinlgs, kuiqub bc aës lgaði bs bc tbcîegig. Bi cgs ðcags kûgs jky uik tbidbilnk k ck prbstklnüi db sgpgrtb tîlinlg bi rbagtg, dgidb ui tîlinlg sb lgibltk kc grdbikdgr abdnkitb uik kpcnlklnüi db lgibxnüi rbagtk. Bxnstbi ? pgs db sgpgrtb tîlinlg0 \GVG_TB TÎLINLG V_B\BILNKC0 Bs kqubc qub rbkcnzk bc tîlinlg bi bc ërbk g cumkr dgidb sb bilubitrk bc dnspgsnvg bi lubsüi, bstë prbsbitb dnrbltkabitb lgi bc usukrng pkrk ktbidbrcb y gerblbrcb ui ab`gr sbrvnlng. Bs aës rblgabidkdg pkrk prgocbaks db jkrdwkrb lgapcb`gs qub iblbskrnkabitb sb iblbsntk ck prbsbilnk db ui tîlinlg.

\GVG_TB TÎLINLG K DN\TKILNK G _BAGTG 0 Bs rblgabidkdg pkrk prgocbaks lgi rbspbltg k lgimurklngibs, nistkcklnüi, dbsnistkcklnüi db prgmrkaks g kpcnlkvgs g tgdg cg qub tbimk qub vbr lgi ck pkrtb cümnlk (sgwkrb) db ck pl. Bs ck kyudk qub tb pubdb prbstkr ui tîlinlg, vák tbcîegig g aknc g db akibrk rbagtk, pkrk rbsgcvbr kcmði prgocbak k dnstkilnk sgorb kcmði kpkrktg u grdbikdgr.

 

\gpgrtb tîlinlg vák tbcbeüinlk0 pgr cg mbibrkc sb ornidk bstb sbrvnlng pkrk kvbráks snlks snapcbs (lkocbs akc lgibltkdgs) g prgocbaks db sgwkrb snapcb (lgimurklngibs oësnlks), y sb trktk db rblnonr nidnlklngibs db ui tîlinlg pgr vák tbcbeüinlk. \gpgrtb Tîlinlg \gpgrtb Tîlinlg vák lgrrbg bcbltrüinlg0 bcbltrüinlg0 lgi lgisns snstb tb bi qub ui pbrsgi pbrsgikc kc lkp lkpkln klntkd tkdg g tb bivnî bivnî ui lgr lgrrbg rbg bcbltrüinlg bcblt rüinlg lgi niegraklnüi niegraklnüi,, mrëlgs mrëlgs b nistrullng nistrullngibs ibs pkrk sgculngikr sgculngikr kcmði nilgivbinb nilgivbinbitb itb qub jbags rbpgrtkdg prbvnkabitb. \gpgrtb tîlinlg vák ljkt0 bs lksn cg ansag qub bc sgpgrtb tîlinlg vák lgrrbg bcbltrüinlg k dnebrbilnk qub bstb bs k bapg rbkc y ksá sb pubdb nitbrkltukr lgi bc pbrsgikc qub igs dk cks nidnlklngibs pbrg bstk vbz pgr ljkt.

LGOB_TR_K DBC \GVG_TB Bc sgpgrt sgpgrtbb tîl tîlinl inlg g pubdb pubdb vkrnkr vkrnkr dbpbid dbpbidnbi nbidg dg dbc rki rkimg mg db pgsnon pgsnoncnd cndkdb kdbs. s. Kcmuik Kcmuikss lgsks lgsks qub ig sgi sgpgrtkdks bi cgs invbcbs ok`gs db sgpgrtb pubdbi sbr sgpgrtkdks bi cgs kctgs invbcbs8 pgr b`bapcg, cks prbmuitks dnrbltks pubdbi sbr ccbvkdks k lkog k trkvîs db abisk`bs \A\ g ekx8 cgs prgocbaks db sgwkrb oësn oësnlg lg pu pubd bdbi bi sb sbrr rb rbsu subc bctg tgss pgr pgr tb tbcî cîegi egig, g, anbi anbitr trks ks qub qub cg cgss pr prgo gocb cbak akss db jk jkrd rdwk wkrb rb sg sgi i pgr pgr cg mbibrkc trktkdgs bi pbrsgik.

 

JB__KANBITK\ VK_K RI \GVG_TB TÎLINLG 

KLTNTRD.- Bs ck egrak db kltukr db uik pbrsgik, bc lgapgrtkanbitg qub bapcbk bc

nidnvndug pkrk jklbr cks lgsks. 

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DBDNLKLNÜI.- Ck qub glupk tgdg bc bapg dnspginocb lgi bxlcusnüi db lukcqunbr gtrg trkok`g.

\NILB_NDKD.- Akinbstk sn bs lgivbinbitb k ck pbrsgik ndüibk y bc agabitg kdblukdg, cg qub jk jbljg, cg qub jk vnstg, cg qub pnbisk g cg qub snbitb.

BZVB_NBILNK.- Bs uik egrak db lgiglnanbitgs g jkoncndkd dbrnvkdgs db ck gosbrvklnüi, db ck pkrlnpklnüi y db ck vnvbilnk db ui bvbitg.

OCGL DB IGTK\.- Vkrk bslrnonr cks ekccks db ui bqunpg g kcmg napgrtkitb pkrk ig gcvndkr ikdk.

JB__KANBITK\ EÁ\NLK\ HNT DB JB__KANBITK\. DB\K_AKDG_B\0 \b ucnzki pkrk dbskrakr y krakr iubstrk VL kc agabitg db jklbr akitbinanbitg nitbrig, ksá  lgag pkrk dbsagitkr tkr`btks akdrbs y vgcvbr k agitkr.

\GVCKDG_K G K\VN_KDG_K Rik kspnrkdgrk bs ui dnspgsnvg qub ucnzk uik ogaok db knrb pkrk kspnrkr bc pgcvg y gtrks pkrlucks pbqubûks db sulnbdkd

VRC\B_K KITN B\TËTNLK Bst Bstkk pucsbr pucsbrkk sb ucnzk ucnzk pkrk pkrk rb rbkcn kcnzkr zkr ck dbslkr dbslkrmk mk db ck bcb bcbltr ltrnln nlndkd dkd bst bstël ëlkk db iubstr iubstrg g lubrpg lubrpg k brrk y qubdbags dbslkrmkdgs db bsk iglnvk "lkrmk" qub pubdb kebltkr auljg cks pkrtbs db ui VL

O_GLJK\0 \gi ucnzkdks pkrk ck cnapnbzk pgr cg rbmuckr nitbriks db ck VL bstks orgljks sgi bljks db pbcg db lkabccg pkrk qub ig subctbi pbcusk, tkaonîi pubdbi ucnzkrsb pkrk bc tblckdg, bc agusb, btl. 

CNAVNKDG_ DB VKITKCCK\0

 

\b ucnzk pkrk dkr cnapnbzk k iubstrg agintgr dbspuîs g kitbs db jklbr bc akitbinanbitg db iubstrk VL.

CNAVNKDG_ DB LN_LRNTG\0 Bs ucnzkdg pkrk cnapnbzk db lkocbs nitbrigs db ck VL pkrk qub bstgs ig sbki dkûkdgs.

KN_B LGAV_NANDG0 Bstk jbrrkanbitk bs ucnzkdk pkrk dkr cnapnbzk nitbrik k ck VL, pkrk dbspg`kr ck dbc pgcvg, tkaonîi bs ucnzkdk bi ck cnapnbzk db ck eubitb db pgdbr, bc agintgr, tblckdg, agusb y bi gtrks pkrtbs db iubstrk VL.

KCLGJGC N\GV_GVNCNLG Dbitrg db ck lgaputkl Dbitrg lgaputklnüi nüi bs bc cáqundg cáqundg aës napgrtkitb napgrtkitb pkrk rbkcnzkr cnapnbzks db tkr`btks tkr`btks db cgs bqunpgs (Lgaputkdgrks, naprbsgrks, agintgrbs, btl.), bs ui lgapubstg qub bib ui sblkdg dbaksnkdg rëpndg pgr cg lukc kyudk k rbkcnzkr ui trkok`g auy blnbitb. Bs ui kclgjgc qub rbaubvb ck mrksk lgi mrki ekl eklncndkd mrki sbmurndkd kc Nitrgdullnüi.

pgr

cg

lukc gerblb

uik

LKRTNI Bc lkui bs uik jbrrkanbitk bcîltrnlk auy sbilncck qub pgsbb ui lgi`uitg db bcbabitgs qub kc bst bstkr kr lgrrbl lgrrbltka tkabit bitbb lgiblt lgibltkdgs kdgs vki k mbibrk mbibrkrr bi uik okrrk okrrk db abtkc abtkc bc lkc lkcgr gr sulnb sulnbitb itb pkrk pgdbr dbrrbr dbrrbr cgs dnsitgs dnsitgs abtkc abtkcbs bs (bstkûg, (bstkûg, grg, btl.) btl.) ucnzkdgs ucnzkdgs pkrk cks sgcdkdurks sgcdkdurks db cgs lnrluntgs bcîltrnlgs y bcbltrüinlgs. Bc ansag bstë lgapubstg pgr lnilg bcbabitgs oësnlgs y euidkabitkcbs

VNIPK\ DB VRITK ENIK \b ba bapc pcbk bki i ig igra rakc kcab abit itbb pkrk pkrk rb rbr rkr kr cg cgss `uap `uapbr br db cg cgss dnsl dnslgs gs durg durgss g uind uindkdb kdbss db LD_GA lukidg lukidg juonbr juonbrkk ck iblbsn iblbsndkd dkd db lgimu lgimurkr rkr cgs pkrk pkrk jkl jklbr br qub ck lgaput lgaputkdg kdgrk rk pubdk pubdk rblgiglbrcgs.

ARCTNABT_G bs ui nistruabitg bcîltrnlg pgrtëc pkrk abdnr dnrbltkabitb akmintudbs bcîltrnlks klvks lgag lgrrnbitbs y pgtbilnkcbs (tbisngibs) g pksnvks lgag rbsnstbilnks, lkpklndkdbs y gtrks. Cks abdndks pubdbi rbkcnzkrsb pkrk lgrrnbitb lgiiuk g kctbrik y bi vkrngs aërmbibs db abdndk lkdk uik. Cgs jky kikcümnlgs y pgstbrngrabitb sb jki nitrgdulndg cgs dnmntkcbs luyk euilnüi bs ck ansak (lgi kcmuik vkrnkitb kûkdndk).

 

DB\TG_INCCKDG_ Bs ck akrlk db ui pg db lkobzk db tgrinccg lkrkltbrnzkdg pgr uik egrak bstrbcckdk db 5 puitks. Eub dbskrrgcckdg pgr Tbxtrgi Ekstbinim \ystbas. Cgs qub ig lgiglbi dnljk akrlk subcbi rbebrnrsb k bccgs lgag "dbstgrin "dbstgrincckdg cckdgrr db bstrbcck". bstrbcck". Bc igaorb igaorb mbiîrnlg mbiîrnlg bs snstbak snstbak db ktgrincckdg ktgrincckdg nitbrig nitbrig jbxkcgouckr

DB\TG_INCCKDG_ DG_ VJNCNV\ DB\TG_INCCK Ri dbstgr dbstgrinc incckd ckdgr gr bs uik jbrrkanb jbrrkanbitk itk qub sb ucnzk ucnzk pkrk pkrk kpr kprbtk btkrr y kg`kr kg`kr tgrinccg tgrinccgss y gtrgs gtrgs bcbabitgs db aëquniks qub rbqunbrbi pglk eubrzk db kprnbtb y qub mbibrkcabitb sgi db dnëabtrg pbqubûg Jky niiuabrkocbs pgs db lkobzks db dbstgrincckdgr y tgdks lgi ui ansag prgpüsntg. Kcmuigs db cgs pgs db puitks aës erblubitbs sgi pckik, db bstrbcck db luktrg puitks g db lruz (Vjnccnps g Vgzzn)

LD VK_K CNAVNK_ CBLTG_K\ Kc lgitkr tgdgs bccgs lgi ui dnspgsnvg cësbr ig sb rblganbidk kornrcgs sn ig sb bstë lkpklntkdg pkrk jklbrcg. Bxnstbi uigs dnslgs bspblnkcabitb dnsbûkdgs pkrk cnapnkr cgs cbitbs db bstb pg db uindkdbs. VKÛG DB ANL_G ENO_K\.Vkrk cnapnkr ck pkitkcck y quntkr bc bxlbsg db pgcvg.

VK\TK TÎ_ANLK.\nrvb pkrk bc anlrgprglbskdgr y bc dnsnpkdgr db uik VL. Vbrantb uik akygr dnsnpklnüi dbc lkcgr y sb pgib uik pbqubûk pkrtb bi bc iðlcbg dbc prglbskdgr.

TB\TB_ DB ERBITB DB KCNABITKLN KCNABITKLNÜI.ÜI.Vkrk skobr qub lkocb ig bib lgrrnbitb. 

BIT_KDK\ VLN.- Vkrk vbrnlkr bc prgocbak db ck tkr`btk akdrb

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CNITB_IK.- \nrvb pkrk ncuanikr cks pkrtbs nitbriks db uik VL.

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CKVTGV.- Vkrk rbvnskr bc bqunpg dkûkdg, ck ckptgp dbob tbibr ui lkrmkdgr uinvbrskc. LK_MKDG_ RINUB_\KC.- Vkrk tbibr vkrnks gplngibs db bitrkdk db ui lkrmkdgr lk rmkdgr y rbvnskr bc bqunpg.

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DN\LG DR_G.- Lgibib tgdk ck niegraklnüi dbsdb bc \.G. Jkstk cgs prgmrkaks qub ucnzki ck ninlnkcnzklnüi pkrk su gpbrklnüi (ONG\), tgdk ck niegraklnüi lgaputklngikc, krljnvgs, btl. TBLCKDG ^ AGR\B.- \nrvb pkrk rbpkrkr ck VL. \n bc tblckdg ig snrvb g ck bitrkdk bstë dkûkdk nmukc lgi bc agusb.

 

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RINDKD DB DN\LG ECGVV^.- Bs ui dnspgsnvg pkrk lgcglkr cgs dnslgs bxnocbs db