Primeros Pasos Del Cine

 

YVA@NVKW YCWKW HNJ GAON5

Jc ahnc hn gcpturcr, grncr y rnprkhugar nj `kva`anotk pkr `nhaks `ngãoagks ns `uy cotabuc, y nxastanrko cotngnhnotns tcjns gk`k jc gã`crc ksgurc, ksgurc, nj tcu`ctrkpk tcu`ctrkpk,, jc jaotnroc `ãbagc `ãbagc k  k nj lusaj lktkbrãlagk lktkbrãlagk.. Jc tágoagc pcrc gcptcr jc rncjahch pkr `nhaks ju`aoksks mcfàc sahk yc hnscrrkjjchc pkr jks aovnotkrns hnj hcbunrrktapk hcbunrrktapk y  y jc lktkbrclàc lktkbrclàc,, c `nhachks hnj sabjk ]A]. ]A]. Xmk`cs Cjvc Nhasko, Nhasko, aovnotkr hn jc jã`pcrc aogcohnsgnotn aogcohnsgnotn y  y nj lko÷brclk lko÷brclk,, nstuvk `uy gnrgc tc`faáo hn aovnotcr nj gaon, cj pctnotcr nj Suaontksgkpak Suaontksgkpak grnchk  grnchk no su jcfkrctkrak pkr Rajjac` Hagdsko Hagdsko,, nj gucj, sao n`fcrbk, skjk pnr`atàc luogakons `uy ja`atchcs. Aosparãohksn no nstn n aotnbrcohk a otnbrcohk havnrsks aovnotks y hnsgufra`anotks hn jc ápkgc, gk`k nj rkjjk hn lktks hn Ncst`co, jks mnr`coks Ju`aírn (maeks Ju`aírn (maeks hnj lkt÷brclk Cotkaon lkt÷brclk  Cotkaon Ju`aírn Ju`aírn)) grncrko nj gaon`ct÷brclk5 gaon`ct÷brclk5 nstn haspksatavk qun hnscrrkjjcrko pnr`atàc jc tk`c, prkyngga÷o y mcstc nj gkpachk hn a`ãbnons no `kva`anotk, csà gk`k nj nspngtãgujk põfjagk hnravchk hn jc nxmafaga÷o hnj luogakoc`anotk hnj cpcrctk. Jc pra`nrc prnsnotcga÷o lun nj 6= hn hagan`frn hn hagan`frn hn 3=1> no 3=1> no Ycràs y gkosasta÷ no uoc snran hn a`ãbnons hkgu`notcjns, hn jcs gucjns sn rngunrhc cqunjjc no jc qun cpcrngno jksuo trcfcechkrns uoc lãfragc jks `as`ks Ju`aírn), y jc hn trno (no jc hn nstcga÷o hn Jc(prkpanhch Gaktct Gaktct)) qunhn pcrngàc cfcjcozcrsn skfrn jks nspngtchkrns4 cotn nstcs a`ãbnons jcs pnrskocs rncggakocrko gko uo aostaotavk pcvkr, grnynohk qun nj trno jks ctrkpnjjcràc. Jc luoga÷o hn jcs pra`nrcs "pnjàgujcs" nrc `cykr`notn hkgu`notcj, gko nj cbrnbchk hnj `kva`anotk. Xan`pk hnspuás jkbrcrko nj pra`nr laj` crbu`notcj hn jc mastkrac, Nj rnbchkr rnbchk. Ykr uo tan`pk, nj gaon lun gkosahnrchk uoc ctrcgga÷o `nokr, aogjusk uo oõ`nrk hn lnrac, pnrk nj puotcpaá aoagacj pcrc rncjazcr mastkracs y nxpnra`notcr rngursks ocrrctavks vasucjns lun gucohk nj ajusakoastc Bnkrbns @ájaís us÷ @ájaís us÷ no uo pra`nr `k`notk nj gaon`ct÷brclk gk`k uo njn`notk `ãs pcrc sus nspngtãgujks, pnrk junbk jks hnscrrkjjcràc no nj gaon, grncohk ruha`notcraks ‘pnrk nlagcgns ‘ nlngtks nspngacjns. nspngacjns. Jks okvnjns rncjazchkrns r ncjazchkrns gcptcrko jcs brcohns pksafajahchns qun nj aovnotk klrngàc y lun csà gk`k no jc pra`nrc hnj sabjk ]] ]] surbanrko  surbanrko `õjtapjns pnqunóks nstuhaks làj`agks, tcotkhágchc no Nstchks ^oahks gk`k ^oahks  gk`k no Nurkpc. Nurkpc. No jc ápkgc, jks laj`ns nrco hn pkgks `aoutks y `ntrcen, trctcfco tn`cs `ãs k `noks sa`pjns y, tcotk pkr hngkrchks gk`k pkr  vnstucrak, nrco hn prkhugga÷o rnjctavc`notn fcrctc. Chn`ãs, jc tágoagc ok mcfàc rnsunjtk nj prkfjn`c hnj skoahk, pkr jk qun jcs luogakons sn cgk`pcócfco gko uo pacok y pacok y uo rnjctkr (vnr gaon `uhk). `uhk). Ynrk no nstn tan`pk surbanrko jc gcsa tktcjahch hn jks báonrks gaon`ctkbrãlagks (ganogac ( ganogac lagga÷o,, mast÷ragcs k hn ápkgc)4 lagga÷o ápkgc)4 nj báonrk cusnotn lun, pkr supunstk, jc gk`nhac `usagcj,, qun hnfnràc nspnrcr mcstc jc cpcraga÷o hnj gaon skokrk `usagcj skokrk.. Xc`faáo no jc ápkgc sn prkhuenrko jks pra`nrks euagaks no tkrok c jks hnrngmks hn cutkr   hn hn jcs chcptcgakons hn okvnjcs y kfrcs tnctrcjns cj gaon, jk qun jjnvcràc gko nj tan`pk c jc grncga÷o hn jcs lrcoquagacs lrcoquagacs gaon`ctkbrãlagcs  gaon`ctkbrãlagcs fcschcs no pnrskocens k scbcs.

 

Yra`nrc prkyngga÷o gaon`ctkbrãlagc (6= hn hagan`frn hn 3=1>)

Nj 6= hn hagan`frn hn 3=1> sn rncjazc jc pra`nrc prkyngga÷o gaon`ctkbrãlagc cfanrtc cj põfjagk. Qc sn mcfàco rncjazchk cotnrakr`notn prkynggakons gkosahnrchcs gk`k nxpnra`notks hnjcotn hn vcraks ganotàlagks. C`fks mnr`coks gkosahnrco cj gaon gaon gk`k  gk`k uo sa`pjn nxpnra`notk qun ok tanon luturk. Onbkgaco gko vcraks prkpantcraks pcrc nogkotrcr uoc scjc hn prkyngga÷o. Xrcs vcraks rngmczks, nsgkbno nj Wcj÷o Aohak hnj Brco Gclá hnj Fkujnvcrh qun nstc ufagchk no Ycràs Ycràs,, uo pnqunók gclá hn pkgks `ntrks guchrchks. Wnjnggakocrko nstn gclá yc qun, snbõo njjks, sa nj põfjagk nrc rnjctavc`notn `àoa`k y jc prkyngga÷o nrc uo lrcgcsk, nstc pcscràc hnscpnrgafahc. Nstc pra`nrc prkyngga÷o ns uo áxatk y `crgc nj ocga`anotk klagacj hnj gaon gk`k sn gkokgn mky no hàc. Nsc okgmn, pkr skjk uo lrcogk, gucjquanr pnrskoc aotnrnschc puhk csastar c jc pra`nrc prkyngga÷o gaon`ctkbrãlagc hn jc mastkrac. Mkjjywkkh y nj Wtcr Wystn`

No Nstchks ^oahks ^oahks,, nj gaon tuvk uo áxatk crrkjjchkr, pkr uoc pngujacr garguostcogac skgacj5 cj snr uo pcàs hn ao`abrcotns, `ugmks hn jks gucjns ok mcfjcfco nj aobjás aobjás,, tcotk nj tnctrk gk`k jc prnosc k jks jafrks jns nstcfco vnhchks pkr jc fcrrnrc ahak`ãtagc, y csà nj gaon `uhk sn `uhk sn trcoslkr`÷ no uoc lunotn `uy a`pkrtcotn hn nspcrga`anotk pcrc njjks. \anohk jcs pnrspngtavcs hn nstn onbkgak, y fcsãohksn no su pctnotn skfrn nj daontksgkpak daontksgkpak,, Xmk`cs Nhasko aotnot÷ Nhasko aotnot÷ tk`cr nj gkotrkj hn jks hnrngmks skfrn jc nxpjktcga÷o hnj gaon`ct÷brclk. Nj csuotk ok skjk jjnb÷ c euagak, hn Nhasko gkotrc jks jjc`chks prkhugtkrns aohnpnohanotns, aohnpnohanotns, saok qun sn jafr÷ aogjusk c tark ja`pak. Gk`k gkosngunoga gkosngunogac, c, jks prkhugtkrns aohnpnohanotns n`abrcrko hnshn Ounvc Qkrd y Qkrd y jc gkstc nstn, hkohn Nhasko nrc lunrtn, mcgac nj knstn, rnganotn`notn pcgalagchk. No uo pnqunók pkfjchk jjc`chk Mkjjywkkh Mkjjywkkh,, nogkotrcrko gkohagakons ahncjns ahncjns pcrc rkhcr5 hàcs skjnchks gcsa tkhk nj cók, `ujtatuh hn pcascens qun puhanrco snrvar gk`k jkgcjazcgakons, y jc gnrgcoàc gko jc lrkotnrc hn @áxagk @áxagk,, no gcsk hn qun hnfanrco nsgcpcr hn jc eustagac. Csà ocga÷ jc jjc`chc @ngc hnj Gaon, y Mkjjywkkh sn trcoslkr`÷ no nj `ãs a`pkrtcotn gnotrk gaon`ctkbrãlagk hnj `uohk. Jc `cykr pcrtn hn jks nstuhaks lunrko c Mkjjywkkh ((Lkx Lkx,, ^oavnrscj ^oavnrscj,, Ycrc`kuot Ycrc`kuot)) gkotrkjchks pkr (Hcrryj (Hcrryj L. Ucougd, Ucougd, Wc`unj Frkostko Frkostko,, Wc`unj Bkjhwyo, Bkjhwyo, ntgátnrc), y `arcfco cj gaon`ct÷brclk `ãs gk`k uo onbkgak qun gk`k uo crtn. Jugmcrko notrn sà gko tns÷o, y c vngns, pcrc gk`pntar `nekr, sn lusakocrko5 csà ocganrko 69tm Gnotury Lkx (hn Lkx (hn jc cotabuc Lkx) y @ntrk-Bkjhwyo-@cynr  (uoa÷o  (uoa÷o hn jks nstuhaks hn Wc`unj Bkjhwyo gko Jkuas F. @cynr ) Nstks nstuhaks fusgcrko gkotrkjcr àotnbrc`notn jc prkhugga÷o làj`agc. Csà, ok skjk laocogacfco jcs pnjàgujcs pnjàgujcs,, saok qun gkotrkjcfco c jks `nhaks hn hastrafuga÷o, c trcvás hn gchnocs hn scjcs hnstaochcs c nxmafar ochc `ãs qun sus prkpacs pnjàgujcs. Xc`faáo gkotrctcrko c harngtkrns y harngtkrns y cgtkrns cgtkrns gk`k  gk`k sa lunrco `nrks n`pjnchks c sunjhk, fcek gkotrctks jnkoaoks4 lun aogjusk gk`õo jc prãgtagc hn prnstcrsn harngtkrns y cgtkrns notrn sà, no uo pcscohk y pcscohk, sao qun oa uoks oa ktrks tuvanrco ochc qun hngar cj rnspngtk, c`crrchks gk`k nstcfco pkr sus gkotrctks. Nstk `crg÷ jc cpcraga÷o hnj stcr-systn`, nj sastn`c hn nstrnjjcs, no nj gucj jcs nstrnjjcs hnj gaon nrco prk`kgakochcs no snran, abucj qun gucjquanr ktrk

 

prkhugtk gk`nrgacj. Õoagc`notnTgatc rnqunrahcP Gmcrjns Gmcpjao, Gmcpjao, Hkubjcs Lcarfcods y Lcarfcods  y @cry Yagdlkrh Yagdlkrh sn  sn rnfnjcrko gkotrc nstk, puhanohk mcgnrjk pkr su brco áxatk gk`nrgacj, y jc scjahc qun nogkotrcrko lun grncr uo ounvk nstuhak pcrc njjks skjks5 ^oatnh Crtasts Crtasts.. Gaon `uhk

Hurcotn jks pra`nrks trnaotc cóks jcsápkgc pnjàgujcs lunrko gk`pjntc`notn Wunjn mcfjcrsn hn gaon `uhk, hn jc sajnotn k `uhc, y nstk ok ns`uhcs. hnj tkhk nxcgtk, cuoqun ns ganrtk qun jcs prkynggakons ok pkhàco pkr sà `as`cs saok `kstrcr a`ãbnons no `kva`anotk sao skoahk cjbuok. Ynrk jcs prkynggakons no jcs scjcs afco cgk`pcóchcs hn jc `õsagc tkgchc pkr uo pacoastc k uoc pnqunóc krqunstc y chn`ãs gk`notchc pkr jc vkz hn uo nxpjagchkr, a`prnsgaohafjn laburc qun mcgàc pksafjn qun `ujtatuhns cocjlcfntcs k ao`abrcotns hnsgkokgnhkrns hnsgkokgnhkrns hnj ahak`c notnohanrco jc pnjàgujc. Nj gaon `uhk nurkpnk

@anotrcs tcotk, nj gaon snbuàc ktrks gc`aoks no Nurkpc. Cjjà, nj snotahk hnj onbkgak sn fcs÷ no nj `kokpkjak hnj gnjujkahn. Wurbanrko brcohns n`prnscs gaon`ctkbrãlagcs qun, gko Lrcogac c Lrcogac c jc gcfnzc, hk`aocrko nj `nrgchk `uohacj mcstc jc Brco Bunrrc, Bunrrc, no qun su mnbn`koàc lun rnn`pjczchc pkr jc hn jc aohustrac nstchkuoahnosn nstchkuoahnosn.. Mcstc 3138, Nurkpc, gko prkhugtkrcs gk`k jc Bcu`kot Bcu`kot,, jc Yctmá Yctmá k  k jc Atcjc laj`s laj`s,, hk`aocrko jks `nrgchks aotnrocgakocjns.  Csà, nj gaon g÷`agk lrcogás, lrcogás, gko gko Cohrá  Cohrá Hnnh Hnnh y  y @cx Jaohnr   k k nj gkjksscj gkjksscj atcjacok,  atcjacok, gko brcohns nsgnokbrclàcs y pcrtagapcga÷o hn nxtrcs, no pnjàgujcs gk`k Suk vchas; (3136  (3136)) k Gcfarac (  (3138 3138)) lunrko jc nsgunjc hkohn cprnohanrko Gmcrjns Gmcpjao y Gmcpjao  y nj gaon g÷`agk okrtnc`nragcok k Hcvah R. Brallatm qun Brallatm qun csu`a÷ jks prnsupunstks hnj pnpju` no Euhatm hn Fntujac k Aotkjnrcogac. @ãs tcrhn Nurkpc sulra÷ uoc pctnotn hngchnogac hnfahk c jc Yra`nrc Bunrrc @uohacj, @uohacj, qun `crg÷ jc párhahc hn jc prnpkohnrcogac aotnrocgakocj hn su gaon.  Cuo csà, trcs jc bunrrc sn grncrko grncrko kfrcs `cnstrcs qu qun n afco c mcgnr nsgun nsgunjc. jc. No nstks cóks nj `kva`anotk `ãs a`pkrtcotn lun nj Nxprnsakoas`k Nxprnsakoas`k,, guyk puotk hn pcrtahc sunjn laecrsn gko jc pnjàgujc Nj bcfaontn hnj hkgtkr Gcjabcra  (3131  (3131), ), y guyc nstátagc nxtrcóc y cjanochc rnspkohàc c jks `anhks hn jc Nurkpc hn pkstbunrrc, snbuahc hnspuás pkr Okslnrctu, nj vc`park (3166  (3166). ). Xc`faáo, no pcrcjnjk cj `kva`anotk surrncjastc surrncjastc no  no paoturc y jatnrcturc, surba÷ uo gaon surrncjastc,, guyk nxpkonotn `ãs gájnfrn ns ^o pnrrk cohcjuz  harabahc surrncjastc  harabahc pkr Juas Fuóunj.. Fuóunj

Gkrranotns gaon`ctkbrãlagcs

Nj gaon, gk`k `coalnstcga÷o crtàstagc, gunotc gko havnrsks `kva`anotks k gkrranotns c jk jcrbk hnj sabjk ]]. Jcs nsgunjcs nstátagcs gkostatuyno uo gkoeuotk hn `kva`anotks nxprnsavks aookvchkrns aookvchkrns hn jc mastkrac hnj gaon. No cjbuoks gcsks, supkon jc rupturc gko jks nstajks cotnrakrns, skfrn tkhk hnj gaon gjãsagk hn Mkjjywkkh ktrks gcsks, supkono hnscrrkjjk jks nstajks prnhngnskrns. Nj gaony,hnnovcobucrhac vcobucrhac supkon  supkon uoc uo rupturc no jc hn ocrrctavc hnj

 

gaon gkovnogakocj. Euotk gko jc jatnrcturc y nj crtn hk`aocrko nj pra`nr tnrgak hnj sabjk ]]. Jcs gkrranotns vcobucrhastcs gunstakoco jks `khks trchagakocjns hn prkhugga÷o, halusa÷o, nxmafaga÷o y gkosu`k hn jks kfentks crtàstagks4 y rngurrno c gunstakons rnjctavcs c jc `khnroahch. No gucotk cj gaon, sn halnrnogaco trns ntcpcs no nj `kva`anotk vcobucrhastc. No pra`nr jubcr, sn nogunotrc nj gaon a`prnsakoastc, a `prnsakoastc, rnprnsnotchk pkr Cfnj pkr Cfnj Bcogn y Bcogn  y Vnoá Gjcar . No snbuohk jubcr nstã nj gaon surrncjastc lrcogás y nj gaon cfstrcgtk cjn`ão. Ykr õjta`k, sn mcjjc nj gaon aohnpnohanotn k hkgu`notcj. A`prnsak A`pr nsakoas` oas`k k- Nstn nstajk vcjkrc nj octurcjas`k, nj nstajk harngtk, n ar `ãs cjjã hn jks nsqun`cs `njkhrc`ãtagks. Nj gaon a`prnsakoastc lun jjc`chk csà pkrqun jks cutkrns prntnohàco qun jc ocrrcga÷o rnprnsnotcrc jc gkoganogac hn jks prktcbkoastcs, no ktrcs pcjcfrcs, su aotnrakr. Ktkrbco a`pkrtcogac c jc n`kga÷o y c jc ocrrcga÷o psagkj÷bagc, jc nxprnsa÷o hn snota`anotks y jks nstchks hn ãoa`k hn jks pnrskocens. Hnstcgco no nstn ã`fatk jks sabuanotns cutkrns5 Mnora Gmk`nttn Gmk`nttn,, @crgnj J'Mnrfanr , Bnr`caon Hujcg y Hujcg  y Enco Npstnao. Npstnao. ^oc hn jcs pnjàgujcs `ãs rnprnsnotctavcs hnj `kva`anotk ns Jc Vkun (3166) hn Cfnj hn Cfnj Bcogn Bcogn.. 

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Wurrncjas`k- Gk`faoc jc a`cbno, gko jc fõsqunhc hn snoscgakons y jc nxprnsa÷o hn snota`anotks. Yrnhk`aoco a`ãbnons cfsurhcs qun rk`pno gko jc j÷bagc tn`pkrcj. Nj surrncjas`k sn prnsnotc gk`k uo `nhak hn jafnrcga÷o hnj nspàratu y uoc rnvkjuga÷o qun ctcgc cj krhno j÷bagk, nstátagk y `krcj. Csà `as`k, ctcgc jks pajcrns hn jc skganhch furbunsc y sus vcjkrns aogunstakochks. Wn trctc hn mcgnr vcjnr nj jchk ksgurk hn jc vahc, gk`k nj czcr, jk nsktáragk y jk koàragk, hn lkr`c qun jc rncjahch sn hnlaon pkr nj sunók jafrn y pkr jc a`cbaocga÷o hnj sufgkosganotn. Jcs hks pnjàgujcs hn rnlnrnogac hnj gaon surrncjastc sko ^o pnrrk cohcjuz  (3161)  (3161) y Jc nhch hn Fuóunj,, no gkjcfkrcga÷o gko nj paotkr krk (3179), c`fcs harabahcs pkr Juas Fuóunj surrncjastc gctcjão, Wcjvchkr Hcjà Hcjà.. Gaon nxprnsakoa nxprnsakoastc stc cjn`ão cjn`ão-(319>) -(319>) Brupk hn prkhuggakons no gkotrcstn gko nj a`prnsakoas`k no paoturc, no nj qun pra`c jc nxprnsa÷o sufentavc skfrn jc rnprnsnotcga÷o kfentavc hn jc rncjahch. Ns nj gaon qun sn rncjazc no

jc jc Cjn`coac  Cjn`coac Rna`cr  cprngac jc nxprnsa÷o hn snota`anotks y jc jnjjk c sn n`kga÷o pkrhn noga`c hn.jcWnrnprnsnotcga÷o hn jc a`pcrgacjahch4 pcrc utajazcfc jc hnlkr`cga÷o hn jcs gkscs, nj `uohk aotnrakr, jc cobustac y jcs cjugaocgakons hnj crtastc. Hnstcgc jc pnjàgujc Nj bcfaontn hnj hkgtkr  (3131). Gcjabcra  (3131). Euotk c nstks `kva`anotks jabchks c jcs vcobucrhacs mast÷ragcs hn praogapaks hnj sabjk ]] nxastno ktrcs `coalnstcgakons gaon`ctkbrãlagcs, notrn jcs qun gcfn hnstcgcr5 

Gaon Gaon Ke Kek k- (Cóks 69) Xnkràc gaon`ctkbrãlagc grnchc pkr nj hkgu`notcjastc skvaátagk Hzabc \nrtkv \nrtkv.. Jcs gcrcgtnràstagcs praogapcjns sko jc kfentavahch, nj rngmczk cj buako y c jc punstc hn nsgnoc, y jc utajazcga÷o hn jc gã`crc gk`k kek mu`cok.

 

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Gaoá`c Gao á`c Yur - (Cóks 69) Gkrranotn lrcognsc, qun sn gnotrc no jks

njn`notks purks hnj crtn gaon`ctkbrãlagk, gk`k jc lkr`c, nj `kva`anotk, nj gc`pk vasucj y nj rat`k. 

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Vncjas`k Ykátagk Lrcogás Lrcogás-- (Cóks 79, 89) @kva`anotk hn gaon guycs gcrcgtnràstagcs sko prkhuggakons qun sn csn`neco gchc vnz `ãs c jc rncjahch, sa fano sus tn`ãtagcs sko laggakocjns yc ok rngurrno r ngurrno c jc lcotcsàc, nj báonrk `ãs rngurrnotn snrã nj `njkhrc`c. Nxastàc jc ongnsahch hn rnprnsnotcr uoc rncjahch jafrn, `cotnoanohk uo nquajafrak notrn jc vnjkgahch y jc fnjjnzc nstátagc. Onkrrncj as`k atcjacok Onkrrncjas`k atcjaco k- (Cóks 89) @kva`anotk hn gaon guycs gcrcgtnràstagcs luohc`notcjns sko jc trc`c c`fanotchc no sngtkrns hnslcvkrngahks, rkhcen no nxtnrakrns y cgtkrns ok prklnsakocjns. Nj kfentavk hn nstn nstajk ns rnprnsnotcr jc satucga÷o `krcj y ngko÷`agc hn jc Atcjac hn pksbunrrc. ^ohnrb ^oh nrbrk rkuoh uoh nstchkuoahnosn - (Cóks 89) Gaon crtnscocj, ok

ongnscrac`notn ocrrctavk gko cutkgkoganogac crtàstagc, y kpunstk cj gaon gjãsagk hn Mkjjywkkh. 

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Gaoá`c Gaoá `c vnra vnratá tá- (Cóks >9) Cpcrngn no Lrcogac pcrcjnjc`notn c jc jc Okuvnjjn \cbun. Xanon uoc tnohnogac hkgu`notcjastc y fusgc gcptcr jc vahc tcj gk`k ns. Okuvnjjn Okuv njjn \cbu \cbun n- (Cóks >9) Gkrranotn lrcognsc gràtagc lrnotn c jk

nstcfjngahk, y guyc `ãxa`c csparcga÷o ns jc jafnrtch hn nxprnsa÷o y tágoagc. 

Lrnn Lrn n Ga Gaon` on`c c- (Cóks >9) @kva`anotk fratãoagk qun a`pjcotc uoc nstátagc

rncjastc no jc lagga÷o y no nj hkgu`notcj. Chn`ãs, rntrctc mastkracs gktahacocs y nstã gk`prk`ntahk gko jc rncjahch skgacj hn jc ápkgc. 

Ounvc Ounv c Kjc Gmng Gmngksjk ksjkvcgc vcgc - (Cóks 1 >- (Cók 311>) @kva`anotk làj`agk guyc `ntc ns prkhugar pnjàgujcs sa`pjns, sao `khalagcgakons no jc j c pksprkhugga÷o y pkoanohk áolcsas no nj hnscrrkjjk hrc`ãtagk. Gao n o Gaon onbr nbrk k- Wurbn no Nstchks ^oahks gk`k gràtagc cj `khnjk gjãsagk y c rcàz hn jc aoljunogac nurkpnc. Nstn tapk ta pk hn gaon oks pnr`atn mcfjcr hn jc gkotn`pkrconahch skgacj hnshn hastaotcs pnrspngtavcs, no uo snotahk `ãs harngtk, hn jc nxtnosa÷o hn jks grà`nons y jc gkrrupga÷o hn jc skganhch y no uo snotahk `ãs c`pjak, hn jc trcoslkr`cga÷o hn vcjkrns qun "scguhàc" c uo pcàs qun mcfàc sahk skrprnohahk pra`nrc`notn pkr uo grnganotn cvcogn aohustracj y no snbuohk jubcr pkr nj hnscrrkjjk hn jc Wnbuohc Bunrrc @uohacj. Jcs pnjàgujcs hnj báonrk sko gjcrks tnsta`koaks hn jk qun nstã vavanohk jc skganhch no cqunj `k`notk, pksnno uo lunrtn gkotnoahk nxprnsakoastc no jc lkr`cga÷o hn sus a`ãbnons, rnljnecohk tcotk no jc lktkbrclàc gk`k no jc nsgnokbrclàc. Jcs nsgnocs sn gcrcgtnrazco pkr pcscr hn uoc aju`aocga÷o sk`frc no gjcrk-ksgurk, hkohn sn eunbc gko nj usk hn jcs sk`frcs pcrc nxcjtcr jc psagkjkbàc hn jks pnrskocens.

Gaon hn prkpcbcohc pkjàtagc  pkjàtagc 

Hurcotn ápkgcs hn brcohns nolrnotc`anotks pkjàtagks y `ajatcrns nj gaon lun utajazchk gk`k lunrtn mnrrc`anotc hn prkpcbcga÷o hn ahnkjkbàcs y prkpunstcs hn cgga÷o. Jks rnbà`nons tktcjatcraks hn tkhk nj sabjk ]] maganrko uo brco usk hnj `kotcen y jcs tágoagcs hnj gaon pcrc jc prkpcbcohc. Csà, jc ^oa÷o Wkvaátagc lk`not÷ Wkvaátagc  lk`not÷ uo tapk hn gaon qun rn`crgcfc nj pkhnr hnj punfjk gk`k a`cbno haboalagchkrc y pktnogachkrc hn jc pctrac skvaátagc. Wn rncjazcrko vcracs prkhuggakons rnjctavcs c jc Vnvkjuga÷o hn 3132, 3132, y no gkotrc hn jc cotabuc furbunsàc furbunsàc zcrastc.  zcrastc. Xc`faáo no gkotrc hn jcs aovcsakons cjn`cocs hurcotn jc Wnbuohc Bunrrc @uohacj (pkr @uohacj (pkr nen`pjk, Cjnxcohnr Onvsdy , hn Wnrbuáa Nasnostnao). Nasnostnao). No Atcjac, Atcjac, nj rába`no lcsgastc hn lcsgastc hn @usskjaoa @usskjaoa krhno÷  krhno÷ c jks nstuhaks Gaongatté grncr Gaongatté grncr uoc snran hn pnjàgujcs lcstukscs, no jc trchaga÷o hnj gkjksscj  atcjacok  atcjacok hn jc hágchc hn 3139, qun sarvanrco pcrc noscjzcr jc cotabuc brcohnzc rk`coc, hn jc qun @usskjaoa sn snotàc mnrnhnrk4 nj rnprnsnotcotn `ãs lanj hn nstn gaon lcsgastc ns prkfcfjn`notn nj Nsgapa÷o nj  Clragcok, rkhchk no 3172. No Cjn`coac, sa fano ok mufk uo lunrtn gkotrkj skfrn nj gaon, sà sn rkhcrko ou`nrksks hkgu`notc hkgu`notcjns jns noscjzcohk c jks oczas, gk`k pkr nen`pjk Nj trauolk hn jc vkjuotch  hn  hn Jnoa Vanlnostcmj4 Vanlnostcmj4 vcraks gaoncstcs gkotrcraks cj rába`no, pkr su pcrtn, prnlaranrko `crgmcr cj nxajak, gk`k pkr nen`pjk Lratz Jcob. Jcob. Jks báonrks gaon`ctkbrãlagks

Jc aohustracjazcga÷o hnj gaon mazk ocgnr tc`faáo jcs jjc`chcs gkovnogakons hn báonrk, y pkr nohn, jks báonrks gaon`ctkbrãlagks gaon`ctkbrãlagks prkpac`notn  prkpac`notn hagmks. Nj pra`nr gaon nrc hkgu`notcj5 nsgnocs hn kfrnrks scjanohk hn jcs lãfragcs y

gkscs csà. Ynrk nj gaon hkgu`notcj no hkgu`notcj no gucotk tcj, rngaáo vaok c ocgnr no 3166 3166,,

 

gko nj laj`n Ocoud, nj nsqua`cj . Cuoqun ouogc hn`csachk pkpujcr, hn tcrhn no tcrhn sn rkhcràco cjbuoks, gk`k pkr nen`pjk Nj `uohk su`nrbahk, hn Ecgquns Gkustncu Nj gaon mast÷ragk mast÷ragk y  y fàfjagk, pkr su pcrtn, gc`aocràco hn jc `cok, no jc fõsqunhc hn jc nspngtcgujcrahch. Hnshn cotabuk sn mcfàco rkhchk pnjàgujcs skfrn jc vahc hn Grastk Grastk (pkr  (pkr nen`pjk, Hnj pnsnfrn c jc gruz  (3136  (3136). ). Wao n`fcrbk, nj gaoncstc qun jn hak vnrhchnrc gcrtc hn octurcjnzc cj gaon mast÷ragk hanz k fàfjagkkrabaocj lun Gngaj Hn@ajjn Hn@ajjn, gko matks vnrsa÷o hn F. 3167 3167 y  y nj ,rn`cdn  hngk`k 31> 317>), ), quano `ãs k `noks tk`÷ su rnjnvk no jc hágchc hn 3179 3179.. No gucotk c jc gk`nhac, su nhch hn krk gk`noz÷ gko jks Dnystkon Gkps Gkps,, jks cjkgchks gkrtks gko pkjagàcs hn @cgd Wnoontt, Wnoontt, qun aovnotcrko nj gkognptk hn bcb, bcb, aogjuynohk uok gjãsagk5 jcozcrjn pcstnjns hn grn`c c jc gcrc hn jc bnotn. Ynrk nj pra`nr brco pnrskocen g÷`agk lun nj vcbcfuohk sao ok`frn qun Gmcrjns Gmcpjao Gmcpjao aotnrprntcrc  aotnrprntcrc no ou`nrksks gkrtks, y `ãs tcrhn no Xmn Dah   (3163 Jugns jc gauhch  jcrbk`ntrcens gk`klun (3163) ) k.no  bkrhk (3162). ).y Ktrk g÷`agk a`pkrtcotn Fustnr Dnctko. Dnctko @ãs tcrhnhnjjnbcrko Nj  (3162 nj ljcgk,, Jks Xrns Gmaljchks y ljcgk Gmaljchks y Enrry Jnwas Jnwas.. Nj gaon hn coa`cga÷o lun nxpnra`notchk hnshn jks gk`anozks hnj gaon `as`k. Hnshn 3==1 3==1  Á`ajn Vnyocuh trcfce÷ Vnyocuh trcfce÷ no nstn gc`pk, y prnsnot÷ no 3=16 3=16 su  su snran hn gkrtks Ycotk`a`ns Ju`aonusns4 Wtucrt Fjcgdtko Fjcgdtko grn÷  grn÷ no 319