Primavera Manual Completo Avanzado

 

 

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh mbh Sr`edvnrd® N h t n r p r ` s n  

(m) 400:-1336 Sr`edvnrd ]yst ]y stnhs nhs,, @hm. \blbs bs lnrnmgbs lnrnmgbs rnsnrvdlbs. Nstn edtnr`di l`lämt`mb l`lämt`mb ns ln prbp`nldl ln Sr`edvnrd ]ystnhs, ]ystnhs, @hm. @ hm. nh sbm`nldl mbh ’Vnrdhb @hjnh`nråd ln ]`stneds―, y nstä prbtnj`lb pbr lnrnmgbs ln dutbr. Mudiqu`nr rnprblumm`ýh rnprblum m`ýh tbl b nh pdrtn ln dl nxprnsd dutbr`zdm `ýh. \blds ds Edrmds Qnj`strdlds enhm`bhdlds nhnhnstn nsttblb n bedtnr`di sbh s bhlnpnhlnrä ln prbp`nldl prbp`nl ln ib bssdutbr`zdm`ýh. rnspnmt`vbs prbp`ntdr`bs ln ids edrmds.

Mursb Dvdhzdlb Vnrs`ýh Ebhtdon? Qnv`s`ýh? Vnrs`ýh? Jrdadlb nh?

Entdmbhtrbi @hjnh`nrbs ].D ”

Fni`x ]btb Ebrdins

 

Entdmbhtrbi @hj.  

Nspdôbi 47/3?33 p.e.

\ninfbhb (>6-1) 11=1-=633 ” Fdx (>6-1) 11=1-=633 ” ]dht`djb ln Mg`in

 

 

ÅHL@MN INMM@ÝH 4 - Baon Baont`vbs t`vbs lni mursb dvdhzdlb dvdhzdlb ............................. 6  INMM`ÝH 1 -   Nstrumturdhlb Srbynmtbs Mbrpbrdt`vdenhtn ( B A ] x N S ] )..................................................................7   1.4.   1.1.  

B A ]  ” Mdrdmtnråst`md Mdrdmtnråst`mdss pr`hm`pdins ........................... ..................................... .......... 7  N S ]  ” Mdrdmtnråst`mds pr`hm`pdins .............. .............................. ..................... ..... 43 

Inmm`ýh = -   Dle` Dle`h`st h`strdmm`ýh rdmm`ýh ln usudr` usudr`b b s y ]njur`ld ]njur`ldl l ........ 41  =.4.   =.1.   =.=.   =.7  :.4.:.  ]div ]divdhlb dhlb ni eblnib mbh ni Srbynmtb....................... Srbynmtb........................................... ........................ .... >0 

INMM@ÝH 7 - Lnf`h` Lnf`h`nhlb nhlb Srnsupuns Srnsupunstbs tbs.................................. .................................. 64  7.4.4.  7.4.1.  7.4.=.  7.4.6  11.1.= Juåd mbhtrbi mbhtrbi................... ....................................... ........................................ ........................................ ...................... .. 4>6  11.1.:  11.1.>.  Mdimui Mdimuidhlb dhlb ni `epdmtb `epdmtb ln uh Q` Q`nsjb............... nsjb.................................... ............................. ........ 4>0  11.=.   Ditnrdhlb ni t`pb ln Lurdm`ýh ln uhd Dmt`v`ld Dmt`v`ldl............ l............ 46 463 3 

INMM@ÝH 1= - ................... ....................................... ........................................ ........................................ ....................... ...Dss`jhenhts ..................................................................... 46 461 1  1=.4.   1=.1.  

Juåd Juå d Jnhnrd Jnhnrdii .......... ................... ................... .................... ................... ................... ................. ....... 46 461 1  Juåd Sidh Juåd Sidhh`hj h`hj ......... ................... .................... ................... ................... .................... ............... ..... 46 46= = 

INMM@ÝH 1< - ......................................Lnf`h`hlb Dpi`mdm`bhns Nxtnrhds ..................................................................... 46 46< .4.   Säj`hd < ln 134

Nxpbrtdrr `hfbredm`bhns ln Nxpbrtd lnii Srbynmtb..................... Srbynmtb............................. ........ 46 46: : 

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

 

  1>.4.4.  Fbredtb Nxpbrtdm`ýh Nxpbrtdm`ýh ...................................... ........................................................... ............................. ........ 46:  1>.4.1.  \`pb ln nxpbrtdm`ýh nxpbrtdm`ýh ....................................... ............................................................ ............................. ........ 467  1>.4.=.  ]ni ]ninmm`bhdr nmm`bhdr b(s) prbynmt prbynmtb(s)........................ b(s)............................................ ................................ ............ 467  1>.4..4.>.  Dl`m`bh Dl`m`bhdr dr Mbiuehds Mbiuehds nh ni ni Drmg`vb Drmg`vb WI]. WI]. ...................................... ........................................ .. 4:3  1>.4.6. Qnsuenh .................... ........................................ .................................. .............. 

1>.1.  

Ebl`f`mdhlb Ebl`f` mdhlb `hfbr `hfbredm` edm`bhns bhns lni Srbynmt Srbynmtb b nh Nxmni Nxmni......... ........... 4: 4:= = 

1>.1.4.  @hmiuynhlb `hfbred `hfbredm`bh m`bhns ns nh Nxmni ...................................... .............................................. ........ 4:=  1>.1.1.  Enob Enobrns rns Srämt`mds ........................................ ............................................................ ................................ ............ 4:.1.=.  Mbht`h Mbht`hudhlb udhlb Ditnrdm`bh Ditnrdm`bhns ns ln @hfbredm`ýh @hfbredm`ýh nh Nxmni.................... Nxmni ...................... .. 4:>  1>.=.   @epbrtdhlb `hfbredm`bhns ln Nxmni lnhtrb lni 

Sr`ed Sr` edvnr vnrd d ......... ................... ................... ................... .................... ................... ................... ............ .. 4: 4:: :  1>.=.4.  Dl`m`bhdhlb uh Hunvb Mäimuib pdrd Sr`edvnrd ^sdhlb ^sdhlb Nxmni..... Nxmni ..... 471   1>.=.1.  \rdhsfnr`r ibs Mäimuibs Nx`stnhtns Nx`stnhtns ln ln Drmg Drmg`vb `vb nh Aidhmb............. Aidhmb................. .... 47= 

INMM@ÑH 16 - .................Dp Dpnhl`mn nhl`mn A - Snrf`i Snr f`ins ns ln snju snjur` r`ldl ldl jib jibadi adi ..................................................................... 47 47> > 

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd N h t n rp r`s n  

> ln 134 

 

 

INMM@ÝH 4 -   Baont`vbs lni mursb dvdhzdlb Nstn mursb hbs nhtrnjd uhd v`s`ýh v`s` ýh dhdiåt`md lni Sr`edvnrd Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`s Nhtnr pr`sn, n, ln edhnrd prbfuhld nh týp`mbs nsnhm`dins nsnhm`din s lni Jnrnhm`de`nhtb ln Srbynmtbs. Ns ln fuhldenhtdi `epbrtdhm`d qun ustnl tnhjd ibs mbhbm`e`nhtbs mbhtnh`lbss nh ni Mursb Aäs`mb ln Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn, pdrd qun mbhtnh`lb punld ldr ldr uh dvdhmn rndi nh id prbfuhl`ldl ln sus mbhbm`e`nhtbs. Nstn mursb muar`rä ibs s`ju`nhtns dspnmtbs?  

Dle`h`strdm`ýh ln usudr`bs usudr`bs y pnrf`ins ln snjur`ldl snjur`ldl lni s`stned s` stned

 

Mrndm`ýh ln prbynmtbs prbynmtb s usdhlb

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uh

eblnib judrldlb nh ni

Entgblbibjy Edhdjn Edhdjn enht, d pdrt`r lni Srbonmt Drmg`tnmt.  

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Lnf`h`nhlb Srnsupunstb \bp Lbwh

Jnrnhm`de`nhtb ln Q`nsjbs   Ndrhnl Vdiun (Vdibr djrnjdlb) y pnsb ln edrmbs pdrd v`sudi`zdm`ýh v`sudi`zdm`ýh nh ni Sr`ed Sr`edvnrd vnrd   Mrndr pidmdr ln prbynmtbs pdrd Zna

 

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Idybuts ln \rdmk`hj

 

Dutb mbeputn mbeputn Dmtudis

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Lnf`h`r dpi`mdm`bhns nxtnrhds n htrn Sr`edvnrd y E`mrbsbft E`mrbsbft Nxmni   \rdsf`r`nhlb `hfbredm`ýh nh   Dmtudi`zdhlb Adsni`hns

 

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Mid`e L`jjnr L`jjn r Mrndr Sbrtdfbi`b ln prbynmtbs

Jdt`iibs y @ssuns   Mdtdstrdr ibs lbmuenhtbs lni prbynmtb

 

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Säj`hd 6 ln 134

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

 

 

D snju`r, ids gnrrde`nhtds qun `htnjrdh id su`tn ln prblumtbs Sr`edvnrd ®?

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd N h t n rp r`s n  

: ln 134 

 

 

INMM@ÝH 1 -  Nstrum Nstrumturdhlb turdhlb Srbynmtb s Mbrpbrdt`vdenhtn ( B A ]  x N S ] ) SQBS^N]\D P BAON\@VB Nstd inmm`ýh eunstrd eunstrd ids mdrdmtnråst`mds pr`hm`pdins Nstrumturd Nstrumtu rd Brjdh`zdm`bhdi lni lni Neprnhl`e`nhtb (BA]  ” Arndklbwh ]trumturn ) y id NDN - Nstrumturd Neprnhl`e`nhtb (NS]  - Nhtnrpr`sn Srbonmt ]trumturn ). nstd inmm`ýh ni diuehb snrä mdpdz ln?  

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ln id

NBN ”

Brjdh`zdt`bhdi

Dhdiåt`md Dhdiåt `md lni Di mbepintdr

V`sudi`zdr y ebl`f`mdr id NS];

1.4.  B A ]  ” Mdrdmtnrå Mdrdmtnråst`mds st`mds pr`hm`pdins Id Nstrumturd Brjdh`zdm`bhdi lni Neprnhl`e`nhtbs - NBN (BA]  ” Brjdh`zdt`bhdi Arndklbwh ]trumturn ) ni drrnjib onrärqu`mb ln id nstrumturd jnrnhm`di ln ln id neprnsd. neprnsd. Sunln snr rnprnsnhtdld pbr `hl`v`lubs b pbr fuhm`bhns qun mbepbhnh sus h`vnins jnrnhm`dins. jnrnhm`dins. Mdld h`vni ln id d BA] ns dsbm`dld d uhb b eäs hulbs ln id NS]  ns tdea`àh dsbm`dld d uhb b eäs eäs h`vnins h`vnins   Mdld h`vni ld BA]  ns ln id NDS (ZA]), s`nhlb rnspbhsdain pbr tblb ni trdadob `hmiu`lb nh ni åtne ln id NDS (ZA]) mbrrnspbhl`nhtn. pbrr enl`b ln id BA] qun sn gdmn ni mbhtrbi ln dmmnsb d ids   Ns pb `hfbredm`bhns lni prbynmtb y/b NDS (ZA]). Sdrd qun uh usudr` usudr`b b ln S6 tn tnhj hjdd dmmnsb dmmns b d uh prbynmtb y/b NDS ND S (ZA]), ni lnan tnhnr tn hnr pnre`sb ln dmmnsb di h`vni ln id BA]  di mudi ni prbynmtb y/b NDS (ZA]) pnrtnhnmn. usudr`b udr`b d ibs prbynmtbs prbynmtbs y/ y/b b   Dlneäs lni mbhtrbi ln dmmnsb lni us  

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BA] NDS (ZA])nspnrtnhnm`nhtns d uh lntnre`hdlb lntnre`hdl b h`vni h`vnilni ln id tdea`àh pbs`ain i`e`tdr ni t`pb ln dmm`ýh usudr usudr`b `b, lnhtrb lni dimdhmn dimdhmn ln su rnspbhsda`i`ldl. ut`i`zdm`ýh nh jrdhlns prbynmtbs, nhvbiv`nhlb nhvbiv`nhlb eu eumgbs mgbs   Snre`tn id ut`i`zdm`ýh jnrnhtns ln prbynmtbs mbh l`fnrnhtns l`fnrnhtns ärnds ln rnspbhsda`i`ldl rnspbhsda`i`ldl..   Sunln snr mrndlb y/b nl`tdlb d mudiqu`nr ebenhtb.

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Säj`hd 7 ln 134

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

 

 

V`sudi`zdhlb ni rnsuitdlb ln id `hmius`ýh ln id BA]? 

HB\ ln id BA], nh id B\D D? Sdrd ditnrdr ni hÿenrb eäx`eb ln h`vnins ln adrrd ln enhÿ sninmm`bhn  D le ` h ,  D l e ` h S r n f n r n h m n s , F n mg mg d I ` e ` t s   (pdlrýh5 13 / eäx`eb5 1>). Edhtnhnr ni vdibr 13.

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd N h t n rp r`s n  

0 ln 134 

 

 

1.1.  N S ]  ” Mdrdmtnråst`mds pr`hm`pdin pr`hm`pdinss Ni baont`v baont`vb b ln id NS]  ns pnre`t`r ni jnrnhm`de`nhtb ln eÿit`pins prbynmtbs. ]n mdrdmtnr`zd pbr snr uhd nstrumt nstrumturd urd onrärqu`md qun rnidm`bhd rnidm`b hd ibs l`vnrsbs prbynmtbs y id pbs`m`ýh pbs`m`ýh rnidt`vd ln mdld uhb nh ni Neprnhl`e`nhtb. Neprnhl`e`nhtb. Mrnählbsn Mrnählbsn nstd nstrumturd nstrumturd dhdiåt`md sn lntnre`hd ni h`vni ln sueds sueds nh ni mudi ni prbynmtb nstdrä `henrsb. Anhnf`m`bs? Ni jnrnhm`de`nhtb jnrnhm `de`nhtb ln mdld prbynmtb prbynm tb ns gnmgb snpdrdldenhtn, pnre`t`nhlb, pnre`t`nh lb, nh tdhtb tdhtb id sued ln ibs ldtbs y su trdhspbrtn trdhspbrtn y /b v`sudi`zdm`ýh nh n h h`vnins h`vnins nstrumturdins nstrumturdins eäs eäs ditbs;   Euldr id pbs`m`ýh rnidt`vd ln ibs prbynmtbs, pbr enl`b lni ebv`e`nhtb lni hulb ln i d NS] d h`vnins eäs adobs b eäs ditbs, lnpnhl`nhlb lni fbmb lni dhäi`s`s y onrdrquåd, fdm`i`tdhlb dhäi`s`s pdrd Jnrnhtns; eäs s bh ds`jhdlbs ds`jhdlbs lnhtrb ln   Ibs rnmursbs pnrtnhnmnh d id NS], eäs ibs prbynmtbs prbynmtbs.. Ln Ln nstd fbred ns pbs`ain pbs`a in bat batnh nhnr nr `hfbrens ln tblbs ibs rnmursbs ds`jhdlbs d uh prbynmtb nspnmåf`mb b tblbs ibs prbynmtbs nh qun uh lntnre`hdlb rnmursb nstä ds`jhdlb Snre`tn tdea`àh uhd sued pdrd f`hns f`hns jnrnhm`dins. jnrnhm`dins.  

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V`sudi`zdhlb NS]? D NS]  rnprnsnhtd rnprnsnht d uhd nstrumturd onrärqu`md ln prbynmtb prbynmtbss y mdpdm`td ds`jhdr sual`v`s`bhns ln `hfbredm`bhns nh nh ni neprnhl` neprnhl`e`nhtb. e`nhtb. V`sudi`zdhlb d NS]?  

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Nh id

adrrd ln enhÿ sninmm`bhn N h t n r p r ` s n , N h t n r p r ` s n

S r b o n mmtt ] t r u m ttu urn.

Säj`hd 43 ln 134

Sidhndhlb Sidhndhl b y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

 

 

HB\ n h id adrrd B\D D? Sdrd ditnrdr ni hÿenrb eäx`eb ln h`vnins ln id NS], nh ln enhÿ sninmm`bhn  D l e ` h ,  D l e ` h S r n f n r n h m n s , F n m g d I ` e ` t s   (pdlrýh5 13 / eäx`eb5 >3). Edhtnhnr ni vdibr 13. HB\ rnspbhsdain bhsdain pdrd pdrd B\D D? Ns hnmnsdr`b lntnre`hdr s`neprn uh rnsp mdld h`vni ln id NS]. ]` hb fun fun snin sninmm`bhdlb mm`bhdlb h`hjuhb ni prbjrded dlbptdrä mbh ni pdlrýh ni qun nstà nh id rdåz ln id BA].

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

44 ln 134 

 

 

INMM@ÝH = -   Dl Dle`h`strdm`ýh e`h`strdm`ýh ln usudr`b y ln ]njur`ldl BAON\@VB] Nstd inmm`ýh eunstrd eunstrd ni prbmnsb ln mrndm`ýh ln dmmnsbs y pr`v`inj`bs ln ibs ibs usudr`bs. usudr`bs. Gdstd Gdstd ni f`hdi ln nstd inmm`ýh, inmm` ýh, ustnl pblrä? pblrä? Lnsmr`a`r ni prbmnsb pdrd nstdainmnr snjur`ldl. ù   Lnf`h`r y mrndr uhd onrdrquåd ln BA]. `hfbredm`bhns `hfbredm`b hns jibadins jibadins n ù   Nstdainmnr pnrf`i ln snjur`ldl pdrd `hfbredm`bhns lni prbynmtb. ù   mrndr uh hunvb usudr`b mbh pr`v`inj`b pr`v`inj`b ln dmmnsb. ù 

=.4.  Srbmnsb pdrd Nstdainmnr ]njur`ldl Ni Jnrnhm`de`nhtb ln Srbynmtbs ln id Neprnsd nhvunivn nhvunivn uhd nstrumturd nstrumt urd pdrd jnrnhm`dr vdr`bs prbynmtbs nh n h dhlde dhlde`nhtb `nhtb y nqu`pbs. Dhtns ln usdr ni Sr`edvnrd, uhd BA], NS]  y uhd onrdrquåd ln rnmursbs prnm`sd snr nstda nstdainm`ld. inm`ld. Dl`m`bhdienhtn, usudr`bs prnm`sdh tnhnr tn hnr sus lnrnmgbs ln dmmnsb ln fbred dprbp`dld. dprbp`dld. ^hd vnz qun ni usudr`b y ids nstrumturds nstäh nst äh lnf`h`lds, pnrf`i pnrf`ins ns ln snjur`ldl punlnh snr `epinenhtdl `epin enhtdlbs bs pdrd prbebvnr dmmnsb dmmns b rnstr`mtb y nspnmåf`mb d ids `hfbredm`bhns lni prbynmtb. Ibs pdsbs dadob i`stdh uh prbmnsb prbmnsb jnhnrdi jnhnrdi pdrd nstdainmnr snjur`ldl snjur`ldl 4.  Lnf`hd id BA] ln id brjdh`zdm`ýh. 1.  Lnf`hd id NS]  ln id brjdh`zdm`ýh brjdh`zd m`ýh y dtr`auyd uh Jnrnhtn Qnspbhsdain (BA]) d mdld hulb =.  Lnf`hd ibs rnmursbs pdrd pdrd ut`i`zd ut`i`zdm`ýh m`ýh nh ibs vdr`bs vdr`bs prbynmtbs ln id neprnsd n eprnsd.. .  Mrnn usudr`bs y dtr`auyd uh pnrf`i jibadi, Jnrnhtn Qnspbhsdain (BA]) y pnrf`ins lni prbynmtb. 6.  I`jun rnmursbs d usudr`bs y s` niibs usdh dpuhtd dpuhtde`nhtb e`nhtb ln ln gbrds pdrd rnj`str rnj`strdr dr ni t`nepb trdadodlb nh prbynm prbynmtbs tbs.. :.  Dl`m`bhn prbynmtbs d NS] y lnf`hd id i d ZA] pdrd mdld prbynmtb. 7.  Dtr`auyd uh Jnrnhtn Qnspbhs Qnspbhsdain dain (BA]) pdrd mdld prbynmtb y ninenhtb ln ZA].

Säj`hd 41 ln 134

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

 

 

V`s`ýh Jnhnrdi? Jnhnrdi? dmmnsb d Srbynmtbs Srbynmtbs y ]njur`ldl ln usudr usudr`bs `bs Mbhf`jurdr ni usudr`b mbh ibs pr`v`inj`bs dprbp`dlbs y id iidvn pd pdrd rd dmmnlnr d ids `hfbredm`bhns lni prbynmtb y ni pnrf`i ln snjur`ldl lni lni usudr`b. Ni jräf`mb dadob rnprnsnhtd id brjdh`zdm`ýh ln snjur`ldl lni usudr`b nh Sr`edvnrd? Ni eblnib ln snjur snjur`ld `ldl l ln lnii usudr`b nh Sr`edvnrd

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

4= ln 134 

 

 

=.1.  Qnidm`ýh ln id B A ]   mbh mbhtrbi ln dmmnsb ^hd BA]  ns uh drrnjib onrärqu`mb onrärqu`mb ln jnrnhm`de`nhtb jnrnhm`de`nhtb ln uhd uhd nstrumturd ln id brjdh`zdm`ýh. Id BA] ns lnf`h`ld jibadienhtn pdrd id neprnsd y mbhtrbid dmmnsb ln usudr`b d ids `hfbredm`bhns lni lni prbynmtb. D BA]? punl n snr mbhf`jurdld pdrd rnprnsnhtdr uh lntdiin punln lntdiin   ln id brjdh`zdmm`ýh ( mbh ni hbear brjdh`zd hbearnn ln ids pnrsbhds), b nstrumt nstrumturd urd eäs jnhnrdi ( mbh lnpdrtdenhtbs, nqu`pbs, b t`pbs ln rnspbhsda`i`ldlns). ù   ]bpbrtn ln prbynmtbs qun nhvunivnh vdr`bs jnrnhtns ln prbynmtbs mbh l`fnrnhtns l`fnrnhtns ärnds ln rnspbhsda`i`ldl rnspbhsda`i`ldl.. ù   punl punlnn snr dtr`au`lb dtr`a u`lb d uh hulb ln NS], ninenhtb ln ZA], prbynmtb, jdt`iibs, pnhlnhm`ds y r`nsjb pdrd lns`jhdr rnspbhsda`i`ldl.

ù 

=.=.  ]njur`ldl Jibadi ln id id B A ]   ^ s n r s ? Id BA]  prbeun prbeunvn vn dmmnsb dmmns b ln ibs usudr`bs d ibs prbynmtbs, prbynmtbs, ninenhtbs ln ZA], r`nsjbs r`nsjbs,, pnhl pnhlnhm`ds nhm`ds n `hfbredm`bhns ln jdt`iib jdt`iib pdrd ni mudi ni ninenhtb nspnmåf`mb ln id BA] ns rnspbhsdain. Id BA] 

rnstr`hjn ni dmmns dmmnsb b ln usudr`b d ibs prbynmtbs. prbynmtbs.

Säj`hd 4< ln 134

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

 

 

Q n s p b h s ` a ` i ` t y ?  ^t`i`mn nstd juåd pdrd räp`ldenhtn v`sudi`zdr lýhln ni jnrnhtn rnspbhsdain (ninenhtb ln BA]) nstä dtr`au` dtr`au`lb lb nh id neprnsd. neprnsd.

Sdrd ebl`f`mdr id nxg`a`m`ýh ln id dtr`aum`ýh, ditnrn ni jnr jnrnhtn nhtn rnspbhsdain nh ni hulb ln NS], prbynmtb, b h`vni ln ZA].

=.< ln 134

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

 

 

:.4.1.  \d` ibr  ibr  ZA] (Zbrk Arndklbwh ]trumturn) Gdstd nstn puhtb, ni Srbonmt   Drmg`tnmt pnre`t`ý pnrsbhdi`zdr ni hunvb pidhb ln prbynmtb sninmm`bhdhlb ninenhtbs ln ZA] /NDS, dtr`autbs ln dmt`v`ldlns, y prblumtbs y lbmuenhtbs qun ustnl lnsnd `hmiu`r nh ni prbynmtb. \d`ibr Z A ]  ns ut`i`zdlb pdrd mbrtdr, s` ns hnmnsdr`b, ninenhtbs ln ZA]  y dmt`v`ldlns lni tnepidtn  qun hb sn dpi`mdh d nsn prbynmtb, b pdrd `hmiu`r hunvbs ninenhtbs.

Mi`qun nh Doustdr   pdrd mbstbe`zdr ZA]s.

F`jurd - S r b o n m t   Drmg`tnmt \d`ibr Z A ]  

:.4.=.  \d` ibr ibr ZSs & Lbms   Ni \ d ` ib r   Z S s & L b m s   ns ut`i`zdlb pdrd diedmnhdr Lbmuenhtdm`ýh lni Entgblbibjy Edhdjnr, pdrd rnfnrnhm`d di lnsnhvbiv`e`nhtb lnsnhvbiv`e`nhtb ln uh uhdd lntnre`hdld dmt`v`ldl. ] ]`` ni prblumtb ln trdadob y lbmuenhtbs fun dtr`au`lb d dmt`v`ldlns b ninenhtbs ln ZA]  nh id adsn ni piuj-`h entblbibjåd, ustnl pblrä pblrä ninj`r pdrd `hmiu`r b rnebvnrids lni hunvb hunvb prbynmtb. Mbeb nonepib, ni lbmuenhtb lbmuenhtb punln snr uhd nspnm`f`mdm`ýh tàmh`md ln uhd dmt`v`ldl.

>> ln 134 

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

 

 

Hb gdy lbmuenhtbs nh id adsn ln mbeuh`mdm`ýh

Mi`qun nh ]`ju`nhtn   ]`ju`nhtn

bms   F`jurd - S r b o n m t   Drmg`tnmt \dyibr Z S s & L bm

:.4.6 ln 134

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

 

 

 

F`jurd - S r b o n m t   Drmg`tnmt \d`ibr`hj Bvn Bvnrv` rv`nw nw

:.4.>.  Qnsburmn Qdtn \ypn Q n s b u r m n  Qdtn \ypn ns \ypn  ns ni t`pb ln tdsd d snr ut`i`zdld nh id ds`jhdm`ýh

ln rnmursbs. ^t`i`mn id mbhf`jurdm`ýh mbhf`jurdm`ýh pdlrýh pdlrýh mbeb s`jun

]ninmm`bhn ^t`i`zdr Ni

\`pb ln \drnfd lni Srbynmyb nh tblds ids ds`jhdm`bhns.  

F`jurd - S r b o n m t   Drmg`tnmt Drmg`tnmt Q n s b u r m n  Qdtn \ypn

>: ln 134 

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

 

 

:.4.6.  Mbhf`jurdm`bhns ln @epbrtdm`ýh Mudhtb ustnl mrnd uh hunvb prbynmtb ut`i`zdhlb uhd entblbibjåd, dijuhds `hfbredm`bhns punlnh tn tnhnr hnr mbhfi`mtb mbh `hfbredm`bhn `hfbr edm`bhnss jibadins jibadi ns ln prbynmtb prbynmtbss nh id adsn ln ldtbs. ldt bs. Nstd mds`iid mds`ii d ln ln l`äibjb l`äibjb pnre`tn qun ustnl mrnn mr nn `epbrtdhlb uhlnidybut ln``epbrtd mbhf`jurdm`ýh pdrd pdrd lnf`h`r ids dmm`bhns qun qun ustnl justdråd justdråd tnhnr tnhnr di epbrtdr. r. Ids mbhf`jurdm`bhns ln `epbrtdm`ýh punlnh tnhnr sus bpm`bhns sdivdldss y rnut`i`zdlds. Niids sdivdld Niids lnf`h lnf`hnh nh id dmm`ýh d snr tbedld mudhlb ldtbs `epbrtdlbs tnhjdh prbaineds mbh ibs ldtbs ldtbs nx`stnhtns (Nx? Qnmursbs y Snrf`ins). ]n rnmbe`nhld ut`i`zdr s`neprn ni idybut Lnfduit Mbhf`jurdm`ýh.

Mbhf`jurdm`ýh prnlntnre`hdld

F`jurd - S r b o n m t   Drmg`tnmt ^pldtn S r b o n m t   B p t` bhs  

Säj`hd >7 ln 134

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

 

 

:.4.:.  ]divdhlb ni ni eblnib mbh ni ni Srbynmtb Dgbrd ustnl punln tn tnhnr hnr uh rnsuenh lni hunv hunvb b prbynmtb y v`sudi`zdr lntdiins lntdiins sbarn ninenhtbs ninenhtb s qun snr snräh äh `hmiu`lbs nh ni hunv hunvb b prbynmtb (V`nw  Lntd`is ).

Mi`qun nh F`hdi`zdr   pdrd mbepintdr Id mr`dm`ýh lni hunvb prbynmyb

F`jurd - S r b o n m t   Drmg`tnmt ]dvn Adsn Entgblbibjy

Ni prbynmtb nstä i`stb. ]` ni prbynmtb hb nstuv`nsn sdt`sfdmtbr`b, mi`qun nh Srnv , y gdjd ibs doustns hnmnsdr`bs. ]` nstuv`nsn sdt`sfdmtbr`b, mi`qun nh F`h`sg pdrd mbepintdr ni w`zdrl.

 D r m g ` t n m t   Srbynmtb ]divb  F`jurd - S r b o n m t   D ]divb 

\nh`nhlb mrndlb ni prbynmtb, ustnl ustnl mue muepi`ý pi`ý id pr`enrd pr`enrd ntdpd lni pidhnde`nhtb lni prbynmtb.

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

>0 ln 134 

 

 

]bh ebstrdlbs tblbs ibs hulbs ln id NS] y ibs prbynmtbs dmtudienhtn nx`stnhtns

Säj`hd 63 ln 134

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

 

 

INMM@ÝH 7 -   Lnf`h`nhlb Srnsupunstbs Srnsupunstbs sbh mbhst`tu`lbs pbr mdht`ldlns nst`edlds ln rnmursbs y fi fiuob uob ln mds`iid, hnmnsdr`bs pdrd mbepintdrsn uh prbynm prbynmtb. tb. Dhtns ln lnii `h`m`b lni prbynmtb, id jnrnhm`d ln id Neprnsd trdadodhlb nh mbhouhtb mbh prnsupunstb ibs jnrnhtns ln prbynmtb, lntnre` lntnre`hd hd ni dimd dimdhmn hmn y ibs rnqu`s`tbs rnqu`s`tbs lni y lnf`hnh nstds nst`edt`vds. \bp-lbwh Sidhh`hj  (Sidhnde`nhtb \bpb-Adsn) - ibs rnmursbs sbh ds`jhdlbs nh ni h`vni ln ibs hulbs hulbs ln id NS]  y nhtbhmns sua-

ds`jhdlbs nh ibs h`vnins `hfnr`brns gdstd ni

h`vni lni prbynmtb

Euldhzds nh ni n i prnsupunstb ” pnre`tn qun sn rnj`str rnj`s trnh nh ditnrdm`bhns nh ni prnsupunstb br`j`hdi tdhtb nh id fdsn ln pidhnde`nhtb mbeb nh id fdsn ln nonmum`ýh. Ni S6  eunstrd nstds euldhzds, pnrb judrld tdea`àh ids `hfbredm`bhns br`j`hdins. Fiuob ln ln mdod ” uhd vnz nst`edlb ni prnsupunstb sn punln nstdainmnr uh pidhbln enhsudi jdstbs q  un snrä ut`i`zdlb ut`i`zdlb pdrd dmbepdôde`nhtb lni fiuob mdod lnilnprbynmtb prbynm tb4qun Funhtns ln Qnmursbs F`hdhm`nrbs - pnre`tn jnrnhm`dr mudins sbh id idss funhtnss ln ibs rnmursbs ut`i`zdlbs nh ni funhtn prbynmtb y rnj`s rnj`strdr trdr 1 ds`jhdm`bhns dl`m`bhdins.   Mudhlb ni prnsupunstb nstà mbhsbi`ldlb sn punln nhtbhmns `h`m`dr id ds`jhdm`ýh ds`jhdm`ý h ln rnmursbs nh ni h`vni ln id NDS (ZA]) y nh ni h`vn h`vnii ln dmt`v`ldlns. b

 

]` a`nh hb gdy uhd uh`ýh l`rnmtd l`rnmtd nht nhtrrn ni prnsupunstb y ibs mbst mbstbs bs qun qun sbh rnj`strdlbs rnj`strdlbs nh ids dmt`v`ldlns, ns pbs`ain suedr nstbs nsytbsNS] vdibrns ni ln h`vni ln id NDS NDSy (ZA]), prbynmtb,   pdrd nh f`hns mbepdrdm`ýh dmbepdôde`nhtb.

4

 Bas. Bas.?? sn punln tnhnr uh mbhtrbi mbepintb ln id l`str`aum`ý l`str`aum`ýh h ln jdstbs enhsudins (fiuob ln mdod), qun uitrdpdsdrbh id nst`edm`ýh lni prnsupunstb, pdrd mdld h`vni ln id NDN (NS]) b prbynmtb. 1  Bas. Bas.?? sn punln mrndr uh l`mm`bhdr` l`mm`bhdr`b b ln funht funhtns ns ln rnmursbs, mbeb pbr nonepib, juanrhdenhtdins, adhmbs b prbp`bs, pdrd fdm`i`tdr su mids`f`mdm`ýh.

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

64 ln 134 

 

 

7.4.  Ju Juåd åd Auljnt Ibj Nxnrmåm`b  4 4?   Ln f ` h`n hlb  S Srnsu punstbs  

Vdebs ut`i`zdr id mdrpntd ln prnsupunstbs, pdrd rnj`strdr ni prnsupunstb `h`m`di ln ibs prbynmtbs prbynmtbs ln G`lrd? Srbonmt s) s) Srns`bhn ni `mbhb   (Mdsb hb nstà nh id pdhtdiid S r b o n m t  s nh id adrrd ln l`rnmtbr`bs y nh id vnhtd vnhtdhd hd Lntdiins ln Srbynmtbs (Srbonmt  Lntd`is ) sninmm`bhn id mdrpntd Auljnt Ibj  Ibj  G`lrd y  y nh ni mdepb Br`j`hdi Auljnt  l`j`tn  l`j`tn   ]ninmm`bhn ni hulb G`lrd 0>3333   0>3333   Gdjd ib e`seb pdrd ibs lneäs hulbs ln id NS], nhtrdhlb ibs vdibrns ln ln id tdaid dadob? dadob ? •

•

•

Hbtn qun ibs mdepbs Murrnht Auljnt   y Srbpbsnl Auljnt   t`nhnh ni e`seb vdibr ln mdepb Br`j`hdi Auljnt , mudhlb hb gdy rnj`strb ln euldhzds nh ni prnsupunstb. Qnj`strdhlb y Lbmuenhtdhlb euldhzds nh ni Srnsupunstb (A u l j n t M g ddhh j n I bbjj ) Mbh ni prnsupunstb prnsupunstb l`spbh`ai l`spbh`ainn nh ni h`vni = (NS]? Ebhtdon) ns `hfnr`br di tbtdi l`str`au l`str`au`lb `lb nh $40,333.33, $40,333.33, vdebs d mrndr rnj`strbs rnj`strbs ln ditnrdm`ýh pdrd nstn prnsupunstb?

Säj`hd 61 ln 134

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

 

 

Nh id pdhtdiid Srbonmt s sninmm`bhn ni hulb Ebhtdon Ebhtdon   Nh id vnhtdhd ln Lntdiins prns`bhn  D l l   pdrd mrndr uhd hunvd iåhnd ln rnj`strb. rnj`strb. L` L`j`tn j`tn ibs ldtbs ldtbs mbhfbren d id Ditnrdm`ýh hb. hb. 4 dadob   Srns`bhn Dll  y nhtrn mbh id Ditnrdm`ýh hb. 1    

• •

•

Mäimuib ln ibs mdepbs Srnsupunstb Dmtudi (Murrnht Auljnt ) y Srnsupunstb Srbpunstb (Srbpbsnl Auljnt ))?? Srnsupunstb Dmtudi 5 Srnsupunstb br`j`hdi + Srnsupunstbs dprbadlbs ln id vnhtdhd vnh tdhd Mgdhjn ibj

Srnsupunstb Srbpunstb 5 Srnsupunstb br`j`hdi +  Srnsupunstbs dprbadlbs dprbadlbs n h id vnhtdhd Mgdhjn ibj + Srnsupunstbs pnhl`nhtns pnhl`nht ns ln id vnhtdhd Mgdhjn ibj

HB\ B\D D?  Mudhlb uhd ditnrdm`ýh euld ln stdtus Snhl`hj  pdrd Hbt  Dpprbvnl   Dpprbvn l   ni Srnsupunstb Srbpunstb l`e`huyn, puns ditnrdm`bhns hb dprbadlds dpr badlds hb nhtrdh nh ni mäimuib ln h`hjÿh mdepb.

6= ln 134 

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

 

 

7.1.  Juåd ] p n h l ` h j S id h  Sidhb Sidh b enhsudi enhsud i ln jdstbs - mrndhlb uh fi fiu u ob ln mdo mdod d Pd tnh`nhlb lnf`h`lb ni Srnsupunstb ln mdld hulb ln id

NS]  y

ln

mdld l`str`au`r prbynmtb,nivdebs dg dgbrd brd dd ib mrndr enhsud enhs udii ln jdstbs, jdstbs , b snd, Srnsupunstb idrjbuh lni pidhb t`nepb. Nh id pdhtdiid Srbonmt s sninmm`bhn ni hulb Ebhtdins Ebhtdins   Nh id vnhtdhd ln Lntdiins sninmm`bhn id juåd ]pnhl`hj Sidh  Sidh  y l`j`tn ibs ldtbs mbhfbren mbiuehd 4 dadob. Dutb n  n `hs`nrd ibs vdibrns ln id   ]ninmm`bhn lnspuàs ni prbynmtb Dutb mbiuehd 1. Qnp`td ib e`seb pdrd ni prbynmtb \rdhsp \rdhsp ut`i`zdhlb  ut`i`zdhlb ibs vdibrns ln id mbiuehd =.

   

• •

•

Fnmgd

NS] 

Srbynmtb

Srbynmtb

Ebhtd ons

Dutb

\rdhsp

Bmt -36 Bmt-36 Hbv-36 L`m-36 Nhn-3: Fna-3: Edr-3: Dar-3: Edy-3: Ouh-3: Oui-3: Djb-3: ]npt-3:

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

7.333 7.333 43.333 41.333 40.333 4=.333 4>.333 1>.333 13.333 3 3 3

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

43.333 43.333 43.333 43.333 13.333 43.333 43.333 13.333 13.333 3 3 3

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

3 3 1.333 1.333 1.333 =.333 >.333 >.333 3 3 3 3

Bmt Bmt-3: -3: Hbv-3: L`m-3: Nhn-37 Fna-37 Edr-37

$ $ $ $ $

3 >.333 43.333 43.333 43.333 >.333

$ $ $ $ $

3 3 3 3 3

$ $ $ $ $

3 >.333 43.333 43.333 43.333 >.333

Ibs lneäs h`vnins ln id NS]  yd nstä ns täh h mbh sus pidhbs enhsudins enhsudins ln jdstbs prn-iinhdlbs. prn-iinhdlbs . Sdrd v`sudi`zdribs v`sudi`zdribs sninmm`bhn ni h`vni ln id NS]  lnsndlb.

Säj`hd 6< ln 134

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

 

 

Nhtnhl`nhlb Nhtnhl` nhlb n i Fiuob Fiuob ln Ln Lnsneabisb sneabisb Dgbrd qun yd lnf`h`ebs hunstrb pidhb enhsudi ln jdstbs vdebs d vnr`f`mdr qun btrds `hfbredm`bhns nstäh l`spbh`ains nh nstd mdrpntd. •

 

Nh id v`s`ýh Ebhtdons   y id juåd ]pnhl`hj Sidh Srbonmt s sninmm`bhn ni hulb Ebhtdons Sidh 

Sidhb ln Jdstbs  Jdstbs  ( ]pnhl`hj Sidh)? Nstd mbiuehd eunstrd ibs vdibrns enhsudins ln jdstbs lni hulb ln id NS] qun nstä sninmm`bhdlb nh nstn ebenhtb, nh hunstrb mdsb ’Ebhtdj ’Ebhtdjnhs―. nhs―. Mbhfnrnhm`d lni pidhb ln jdstbs ( jdstbs ( ]pnhl`hj Sidh \diiy )? )? Mbiuehd hb nl`täain qun eunstrd id sued ln ibs jdstbs enhsudins ln ibs h`vnins `henl`dtdenhtn dadob lni hulb sninmm`bhdlb. Nh hunstrb nonepib ns id tbtdi`zdm`ýh ln ibs vdibrns enhsudins ln ibs prbynmtbs ’Dutb― +  ’\rdhsp―.  ’\rdh sp―. Vdr`dm`ýh dmtudi Vdr`dm`ýh dmt udi hb l`str`au`ld  l`str`au`ld  (^hl`str`autnl murrnht vdr`dhmn )? Mbiuehd mdimuidld, hb nl`tdain qun eunstrd ni rnsuitdlb lni s`ju`nhtn mäimuib? b

 

Hnjd t`vb (rbob nhtrn iidvns)? `hl`md qun fu Hnjdt`vb fun l`str`au`lb uh vdibr enhsudi edybr ln qun ib l`spbh`ain l`spbh `ain nh nstn h`vni .

6> ln 134 

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

 

 

’^hl`str`autnl murrnht vdr`dhmn― 5 ’]pnhl`hj Sidh― ” ’]pnhl`hj Sidh \diiy―

 

(5 vdibr enhsudi ln jdstbs lni h`vni sninmm`bhdlb sninmm`bh dlb ” sued lni vdibr ln ibs jdstbs enhsudins ln ibs h`vnins `henl`dtdenhtn dadob lni ’hulb― sninmm`bhdlb) 

Sidh ln iumrb ( iumrb (Anhnf`t Sidh), Mbhfnrnhm`d lni pidh ln anhnf`m`bs  anhnf`m`bs  Anhnf`t Sidhhds \diiy  Vdr`dhmn (nstds ) y Vd Vdr` r`dm`ýh dm`ýh lni ln i anhnf anhnf` `m` m`b b   d(Anhnf`t )? mbiuehds mbiue fuhm`bhdh ln edhnrd s`e`idr ids mbiuehds mbiu ehds yd enhm`bhdlds nh nstn åtne, y sbh lnst`hdlds d rnm`a`r ibs vdibrns ln nhtrdld ln id mds`iid (rnm`a` (rnm`a`e` e`nh nhtb tbss lni lni mi`nhtn). Ln nstd fbred ns ns pbs`ain sdan sd anrr s` s` nstdebs tnh`nhlb iumrb b prnou`m`b nh ibs ibs l`vnrsbs l`vnrsbs h`vnins ln id NDS (NS]) b nh ibs Srbynmtbs. Ibs vdibrns ebstrdlbs funrbh pr prns ns-iinhdlbs -iinhdlbs pdrd hunstrb nonepib, y supbhn qun tblb ni rnm`a`e`nhtb snrä gnmgb nh ni `h`m`b ln ibs prbynmtbs. prbynmtbs. ($416,333 lni prbynmtb ’Dutb―, rnm`a`lbs nh oui/34 y $:4,333 rnm`a`lbs lni prbynmtb  ’\rdhsp― nh snt/34).

7.=.  Juåd ] u h e d r y A u l j n t   Nhtnhl`nhlb b ]uedr`b Nhtnhl`nhlb ]uedr`b lni ln i Srnsupunstb Id juåd ]uhedry Auljnt   eunstrd uh rnsu rnsuenh enh ln ibs vdibrns `hfbredlbs nh ids juåds Auljnt Ibj y ]pnhl`hj Sidh.  

•

Nh id

v`s`ýh Srbonmt s sninmm`bhn ni hulb Ebhtdons Ebhtdons   y id juåd  ] u h e d r y A u l j n t . 

\blbs ibs mdepbs sbh mdimuidlbs (hb nl`täains) Vdibrns nh rbob sbh vdibrns hnjdt`vbs  ’Auljnt― - fbreuids ut`i`zdlds ut`i`zdlds nh ibs mäimuibs? Srnsupunstb Dmtudi (Murrnht Auljn ) 5 Srnsupunstb br`j`hdi + Srnsupunstbs  Dprbadlbs nh id vnhtdhd vnhtdhd "Au "Auljnt ljnt Ibj Mgdhjn― Mgdhj n― lni ’hulb― sninmm`bhdlb 

Srnsupunstb Dmtudi L`str`au`lb (L`str`autnl Murrnhtn Auljnt ) 5 ]ued ln ibs Srnsupunstbs Dmtudins ln ibs ’hul ’hulbs― bs― `hfnr`brns ln id NDN (NS] ) sninmm`bhdld

Srnsupunstb hb l`str`auålb (^hdiibmdtnl Auljnt ) 5 Srnsupunstb Dmtudi ” Srnsupunstb Dmtudi L`str`auålb

Säj`hd 66 ln 134

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

 

 

 ’]pnhl`hj Sidh― - fýreuids ut`i`zdlds nh ibs mäimuibs mäimuibs?? \btdi lni Sidhb Enhsudi ln Jdstbs \btdi ]pnhl`hj Sidh) 5  sued ln ibs vdibrns enhsudins lni Sidhb ln Jdstbs lni ln i ’hulb― sninmm`bhdlb

\btdi lni Sidhb Enhsudi ln Jdstbs Mdimuidlb (\btdi ]pnhl`hj Sidh \diiy ) 5  ]ued enhsudi ln ibs Sidhbs ln Jdstbs ln ibs ’hulbs― `hfnr`brns ln id NDN (NS] ) sninmm`bhdld

Vdr`dmm`ýh Dmtudi hb hb L`str`auåld (^hl`str`autnl Murrnht Vdr`dhmn) 5 \btdi lni Sidhb ln Jdstbs ” \btdi \btdi ln i Sidhb Enhsudi ln Jdstbs Mdimuidlb

 ’Anhnf`t Sidh― - fýreuids ut`i`zdlds ut`i`zdlds nh ibs mäimuibs? \btdi ln Qnmntds (\btdi Anhnf`t Sidh) 5 sued ln ibs vdibrns enhsudins lni Sidhb ln Qnmntds lni ’hulb― sninmm`bhdlb

\btdi ln Qnmntds Mdimuidlb (\btdi Anhnf`t Sidh \diiy ) 5 sued ln ibs vdibrns enhsudins lni Sidhb ln Qnmntds Qnmntds ln ibs ’hulbs― `hfnr`brns ln l n id NDN ( NS] ) sninmm`bhdld

Vdr`dm`ýh Dmtudi (Murrnht Vdr`dhmn) 5 \btdi lni Sidhb Enhsudi ln Jdstbs ” Srnsupunstb Srnsup unstb D Dmtu mtudi di

Sidhndhlb y Mbhtrbidhlb mbh Sr`edvnrd Nhtnrpr`sn

6: ln 134 

 

 

7.