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Subject: PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND COMMUNITY HEALTH Instructions : CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER 1. The purpose is to limit the incidence of disease by controlling causes and risk factors A. Primordial prevention 2. Primary prevention A. Secondary prevention B. Tertiary prevention Answer: B Reference: Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Kjellstrom T, eds., Basic Epidemiology, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, p 88 MPL: 0.70 3. The property of a test to identify the proportion of truly ill persons in a population who are identified as ill by a screening test 4. Sensitivity A. Specificity B. Positive predictive value C. Negative predictive value MPL: 0.60 Answer : A Reference: Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Kjellstrom T, eds., Basic Epidemiology, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, p 95 5. The probability of a persons having the disease when the test is positive A. Sensitivity B. Specificity 6. Positive predictive value A. Negative predictive value 1

MPL: 0.60 Answer: C Reference: Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Kjellstrom T, eds., Basic Epidemiology, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, p 95 7. The extent to which a test is measuring what it is intended to measure A. Reliability 8. Validity A. Sensitivity B. Specificity MPL: 0.70 Answer: B Reference: Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Kjellstrom T, eds., Basic Epidemiology, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, p 51

9. A study that measures the number of persons with influenza in a calendar year A. Cohort study B. Case control 10. Cross sectional A. Case report Answer: C Reference: Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Kjellstrom T, eds., Basic Epidemiology, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, p 6 MPL: 0.60 11. Stage by which the presence of factors favor the occurrence of disease 2

12. Stage of susceptibility A. Stage of presymptomatic disease B. Stage of clinical disease C. Stage of disability MPL: 0.40 Answer: A Reference: Mausner JS, Kramer S., eds., Epidemiology. An introductory text, WB Saunders, 1974, p 6 13. Modes of horizontal transmission of disease, except A. Contact B. Vector C. Common Vehicle 14. Genetic Answer:D Reference: Gordis L., ed., Epidemiology, WB Saunders 1996, p13 MPL: 0.70 15. An infected person is less likely to encounter a susceptible person when a large proportion of the members of the group are immune A. Active immunity B. Passive immunity 16. Herd immunity A. Specific immunity Answer: C Reference: Gordis L., ed., Epidemiology, WB Saunders 1996, p13 MPL: 0.70

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17. Occurrence in the community of a number of cases of disease that is unusually large or unexpected A. Endemic 18. Epidemic A. Pandemic B. Infection Answer: B Reference: Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Kjellstrom T, eds., Basic Epidemiology, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, p 97 MPL: 0.70 19. Measures of central tendency, except A. Mean B. Median C. Mode D. Variance Answer: D Reference: Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Kjellstrom T, eds., Basic Epidemiology, World MPL: 0.50 20. Range of values surrounding the estimate which has a specified probability of including the true population values A. Standard deviation B. Standard error 21. Confidence interval A. Correlation coefficient Answer: C Reference: Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Kjellstrom T, eds., Basic Epidemiology, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, p 64. MPL: 0.30 4

22. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true 23. Type 1 error A. Type 2 error B. Power of a statistical test C. Level of significance Answer: A Reference: Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Kjellstrom T, eds., Basic Epidemiology, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, p 66. MPL: 0. 24. The following are measures of disease frequency, except A. Incidence rate B. Prevalence C. Cumulative incidence 25. Relative risk Answer: D Reference: Gordis L., ed., Epidemiology, WB Saunders 1996, p 31. MPL:0.60 26. The proportion of cases of a specified disease or condition which are fatal within a specified time A. Morbidity rate 27. Case fatality rate A. Proportionate mortality B. Death rate Answer: B Reference: Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Kjellstrom T, eds., Basic Epidemiology, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, p 19. MPL:0.60 28. The relation between exposure and disease is considered to be causal or etiological in the following, except A. Dose response relation 5

B. Cessation of exposure C. Temporal relation 29. No confounding Answer: D Reference: Gordis L., ed., Epidemiology, WB Saunders 1996, p 176. MPL: 0.30 30. A study that measures the incidence of a disease A. Case report B. Cross sectional C. Case control 31. Cohort Answer:D Reference: Gordis L., ed., Epidemiology, WB Saunders 1996, p 164 MPL:0.60 32. A study wherein bias is less likely to occur A. Case report B. Cross sectional C. Case control 33. Cohort Answer: D Reference: Gordis L., ed., Epidemiology, WB Saunders 1996, p 164 MPL:0.60 34. The proportion of disease incidence that can be attributed to a specific exposure A. Relative risk B. Odds ratio 6

35. Attributable risk A. Potential risk Answer: C Reference: Gordis L., ed., Epidemiology, WB Saunders 1996, p 155 MPL:0.40 36. All of the following are potential benefits of a randomized clinical trial, except A. The likelihood that the study groups will be comparable is increased B. Self-selection for a particular treatment is eliminated 37. External validity of the study is increased A. Assignment of the next subject cannot be predicted Answer: C Reference Gordis L., ed., Epidemiology, WB Saunders 1996, p 113 MPL:0.40 38. Recall is an example of what type of bias A. Selection bias 39. Information bias A. Confounding B. Systematic Answer: B Reference: Gordis L., ed., Epidemiology, WB Saunders 1996, p 184 MPL:0.40 40. Type of design where both exposure and disease are determined simultaneously for each subject A. Case study 41. Cross sectional study A. Case control study 7

B. Cohort study Answer: B Reference: Gordis L., ed., Epidemiology, WB Saunders 1996, p 137 MPL:0.60

42. A study is conducted to determine the proportion of persons in the population with PTB using AFB sputum for diagnosis A. Case study 43. Cross sectional study A. Case control study B. Cohort study Answer: B Reference: Gordis L., ed., Epidemiology, WB Saunders 1996, p 137 MPL:0.60 44. Randomization is the best approach in designing a clinical trial in order to A. Achieve predictability 45. Achieve unpredictability A. Achieve blinding B. Limit confounding Answer: B Ref: Gordis L., ed., Epidemiology, WB Saunders 1996, p 92 MPL:0.20 46. Type of sampling whereby subjects are assigned according to a factor that would influence the outcome of a study A. Simple random sampling 8

B. Systematic sampling 47. Stratified random sampling A. Cluster sampling Answer: C Reference: Gordis L., ed., Epidemiology, WB Saunders 1996, p 95 MPL:0.50 48. The extent to which a specific health care treatment, service, procedure, program, or other intervention produces a beneficial result under ideal controlled conditions is its A. Effectiveness B. Efficacy C. Efficiency D. Effect modification Answer: B Reference: Gordis L., ed., Epidemiology, WB Saunders 1996, p 228 MPL:0.60

49. What is the desired body weight of a 7 month old infant weighing 3600 gms at birth? 50. 8.8 kgs 51. 9 kgs 52. 6.5 kgs 53. 7.8 ks Answer: D Reference: Nutritionists-Dieticians Association of the Philippines 4th ed.,Diet Manual Oct 1994 p.11 MPL:0.60 9

54.

Infants double their weight at

55. 56. 57. 58.

6-7 mos 9-10 mos 5-6 mos 3-4 mos

Answer: C Ref: Nutritionists-Dieticians Association of the Philippines 4th ed.,Diet Manual Oct 1994 p.11 MPL:0.60 59. What is the total energy requirement for a 50 kg housewife without househelp? 60. 2000 cal/day 61. 1800 cal/day 62. 2100 cal/day 63. 2200 cal/day Answer: C Ref: Nutritionists-Dieticians Association of the Philippines 4th ed.,Diet Manual Oct 1994 p.14 MPL:0.60 64. The symptom that appears to consistently differentiate between PTB and non-TB respiratory disease 65. 66. 67. 68.

Night sweats Anorexia Chronic cough Hemoptysis

Answer: C

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Reference: Task force on Tuberculosis 2000,The Philippine Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Diagnosis,Treatment and Control of Pulmonary Disease, Vol.1No. 3 MPL:0.60

69.

Asymptomatic PTB is most prevalent in what group?

70. 71. 72. 73.

Infants Smokers Young Children Older age group

Answer: D Reference: Task force on Tuberculosis 2000,The Philippine Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Diagnosis,Treatment and Control of Pulmonary Disease, Vol.1No. 3 MPL:0.60 74. What should be the first test done when confronted with a patient in whom there is clinical suspicion of PTB? 75. 76. 77. 78.

Chest X-ray Sputum AFB Sputum GS/CS All of the above

Answer: Reference: Task force on Tuberculosis 2000,The Philippine Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Diagnosis,Treatment and Control of Pulmonary Disease, Vol.1No. 3 MPL:0.60

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What is the ideal timing of the three sputum samples? 80. First specimen after time of consultation at home, Second specimen early morning sputum collected by the patient and Third spot specimen upon submission of second sputum 81. First specimen at home, Second specimen on the spot at time of consultation and Third spot specimen upon submission of second sputum. 82. First specimen on the spot at time of consultation, Second specimen early morning sputum collected by the patient and Third spot specimen upon submission of second sputum. 83. First specimen on the spot at time of consultation, Second specimen two days after consultation collected by the patient at home and Third spot specimen upon submission of second sputum. 79.

Answer: C Reference: Task force on Tuberculosis 2000,The Philippine Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Diagnosis,Treatment and Control of Pulmonary Disease, Vol.1No. 3 MPL:0.60

84.

A Sputum AFB result of (++) means 85. 3-9 bacilli in entire smear 86. 1-9 bacilli /OIF 87. 1-2 bacilli in entire smear 88. 1-9 bacilli /10 OIF Answer: D 12

Reference: Task force on Tuberculosis 2000,The Philippine Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Diagnosis,Treatment and Control of Pulmonary Disease, Vol.1No. 3 MPL:0.60 89. What is a significant minimum microscopy result for the presumptive diagnosis of PTB? A. A report of AFB ++ or more for any one of the submitted sputum specimens B. If at least one of the 3 specimens is positive C. A report of AFB +++ or more for any one of the submitted sputum specimens D. A report of AFB + or more for any one of the submitted sputum specimens Answer: A Reference: Task force on Tuberculosis 2000,The Philippine Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Diagnosis,Treatment and Control of Pulmonary Disease, Vol.1No. 3 MPL:0.60 90. TB cultures should be done in any of the following situations except 91. Smear (+) patients with fall and rise phenomenon 92. All cases of previously treated for >3months but