Presupuesto de Obra

 

YELZIXVL@K@ KE@LEK @ID FYVFM IVFYIDK ^XMJIVLMEKD @I LEGIELIXLK FLZLD

^XIVY^YIVPM @I MHXK AKXFM PIÖXLFM ;. @IJLE @IJLELFL LFLÖE ÖE @I @I ^XIVY ^XIVY^YI ^YIVPM VPM Ye prisupuistm, is uek ai`l`k `i privlslöe `i gkstms i legrisms, qui kyu`k k dk gieirkflöe `i kbmrrms sl si kpdlfk `i dk akeirk fmrriftk, k`iaës `i qui kyu`k kd istkhdiflalietm `i prlmrl`k`is y k ivkdukr dk mhtieflöe `i mhoitlvms. Aufbms tkahlìe dm fmemfie fmam ue `mfuaietm m lejmrai qui `itkddk id fmsti. Ye prisupuistm pui`i kpdlfkrsi i tm`ms dms ëahltms `i dk vl`k. Id qui tmakriams k fmetleukfl fmetleukflöe öe is id prisupuistm prisupuistm ie id fksm `i quirir aiomrkr aiomrkr uek vlvlie`k vlvlie`k m riam`idkrdk. Ye prisupuistm khkrfk ue fëdfudm pirsmekd, uem aktirlkd y uem fmairflkd. Is `iflr qui pkrk bkfir uem fmrriftm bky qui tmakr ie fuietk tm`m y fk`k uem `i dms kspiftms aieflmek aieflmek`ms `ms ketirlmraieti. Aufbks vifis id qui uem si istkhdizfk ue prisupuistm amvlhdi (is `iflr qui em tiegk ue vkdmr istkhdifl`m  pkrk su usm) pirm em ixkgirk`m pui`i kyu`kr kyu`kr k ivltkr qui em si fuapdk id alsam. Ie id fksm `i dk vlvlie`k sliapri si di pl`i prisupuistm k dms fmetrktlstks qui bkrëe dk mhrk y ems `kams fuietk qui vkráke hkstketi `id euistrm, bkflie`m qui id fmsti sik aufbm aës kdtm. ^krk qui istk `ljirieflk em sik tke grke`i dm aiomr is  husfkr dk jdixlhldl`k` ifmeöalfk ifmeöalfk,, pkrk qui isti em dlalti dk fkdl`k` y dks kpdlfkflmeis fmrriftks ie dk mhrk. Kdgm qui bky qui tmakr ie fuietk is qui bkfir  uek mhrk, em is fmsk `i tm`ms dms `áks, pmr tketm em si pui`i `u`kr ie pmeir tm`ms dms isjuirzms eifiskrlms pkrk qui istk si `ì dk aiomr akeirk y em si tiegk qui istkr rilevlrtlie`m pmrqui id prisupuistm qui si kpdlfö ie dk alsak jui auy  pmhri. ^mr ism is aiomr levirtlr hlie pkrk `lsjrutkr `ispuìs, kuequi k vifis fuke`m `iokams dk levirslöe `ispuìs qui id `iskstri si `k y bky qui bkfir uek euivk levirslöe si bkyke lefriaietk`m id fmsti `i tm`m dm qui si usö, m `i dm qui si `ihlö `i uskr. ^mr tketm pkrk ksietkr fkhizk, kuequi si tiegk ue prisupuistm bky qui tieir fdkrm qui isti pui`i vkrlkr, pirm dm qui si tliei qui tieir prisieti is qui istk vkrlkflöe si pui`i `kr `i ue 9 y ;9 pmr flietm ie id priflm jlekd. Istm si `k pmr aufbáslaks fme`lflmeis, kdguek `i iddks sme dms laprivlstms tìfelfms, dk lefriaietkflöe `i priflms `i aktirlkdis, qui dm qui quiriams pkrk dk mhrk si

FMVPMV IE DK FMEVPXYFFLM E

^ë gglleë ;

 

YELZIXVL@K@ KE@LEK @ID FYVFM IVFYIDK ^XMJIVLMEKD @I LEGIELIXLK FLZLD

ddivi mtrks fmsks qui em tmakams ie fmesl`irkflöe ietri aufbks mtrks fmsks.

(Xivlstk KX[B\V, 8>;8)

8. @IJLE @IJLELFL LFLÖE ÖE @I ^XIVY^ ^XIVY^YIV YIVPKX  PKX  Kdgueks `ijlelflmeis `i prisupuistkr? 

Is dk pri`lfflöe ameitkrlk qui riprisietk rikdlzkr uek kftlvl`k` m tkrik `itiralek`k.



Fëdfudm kprmxlak`m `id fmstm `i uek mhrk.



Is dk ixprislöe ie fljrks ameitkrlks `id prmgrkak `i trkhkom privlstm ie ue prmyiftm.



Is id am amet etmm qui qui si kutm kutmrl rlzk zk fm fmam am kp kprm rmpl plkf kflö löee pk pkrk rk le levi virt rtlr lr ie dk aktirlkdlzkflöe `i ue prmyiftm ispifájlfm.

^risup ^ri supuis uistkr tkr uek mhr mhrk, k, is ist istkhd khdif ifir ir `i quì is istë të fmapui fmapuistk stk (fmapm (fmapmslf slflöe löe fukdltktlvk) y fuëetks uel`k`is `i fk`k fmapmeieti si riqulirie (fmapmslflöe fuketltktlvk) pkrk, jlekdaieti, kpdlfkr priflms k fk`k uem y mhtieir su vkdmr ie ue amaietm `k`m. ^rivlkaieti si `ihi smaitir id prmyiftm k dms slgulietis keëdlsls? 

Keëdlsls Gimaìtrlfm. Vlgeljlfk id istu`lm `i dms pdkems `i fmestrufflöe, is `i `ifl flrr dk `iti `itira rale lekf kflö löee `i dk fk fket etl` l`k` k` `i vm vmdÿ dÿai aiei eiss ie dk mh mhrk rk (föaputms aìtrlfms, keëdlsls `i priflms ueltkrlms).



Keëdlsls Istrktìglfm. [ui is dk `ijlelflöe `i dk jmrak ie qui si ioifutkrë, k`alelstrkrë y fmmr`lekrk dk fmestrufflöe `i dk mhrk m id `iskrrmddm `i istk. Istm gieirk `itiralek`ks kftlvl`k`is qui `ihie rikdlzkrsi, pirm qui em si iefuietrk iefuie trkee ie dms pdkems pdkems `i fme fmestr struff ufflöe löe,, sle iahkr iahkrgm, gm, tm`ks tm`ks ìs ìstks tks kftlvl`k`is tlieie ue fmstm ie dm qui riprisietk id prisupuistm `i dk mhrk.

 

Keëdlsls `id Ietmrem. @ijlelflöe y vkdmrlzkflöe `i fmstms em dlgk`ms k dk ioifuflöe jáslfk `i kftlvl`k`is m `i su k`alelstrkflöe y fmetrmd, slem `i riquirlalietms prmjislmekdis, `i airfk`m m lapmslflmeis guhirekaietkdis (fme (fmeix ixlö löee k si sirv rvlf lflm lmss pÿhd pÿhdlf lfms ms,, trk trkhk hkom omss `i altl altlgk gkfl flöe öe `i la lapk pkft ftmm kahlietkd, itf.). (^lzkrrm, s.j.)

6. ^XIV ^XIVY^ Y^YI YIVP VPM M @I MHXK MHXK Ye "^risupuistm `i `i Mhrk" sl ietrërkams k `ijlelr prisupuistm prisupuistm `i mhrk, istk si fmapmei `i `ms pkdkhrks fmapuistks fmapuistks ^XI (qui slgeljlfk ke ketis tis `i ketlflpkr) FMVPMV IE DK FMEVPXYFFLM E

^ë gglleë 8

 

YELZIXVL@K@ KE@LEK @ID FYVFM IVFYIDK ^XMJIVLMEKD @I LEGIELIXLK FLZLD

aës VY^YIVPM (qui si rijliri k supmeir fuketm pui`k fmstkr). Is `iflr ue vkdmr ketlflpk`m `id fmstm `i uek mhrk fmam rijirieflk. ^krk fmestruff fmestrufflöe, löe, `lria `lriams ms qui fmaprie fmaprie`i `i ue dlstk`m dlstk`m fmapditm fmapditm `i tm`ks tm`ks dks  pkrtl`ks `i dk mhrk vkdmrk`ks, qui lefduyke tm`ks dks kftlvl`k`is `i istk, `is`i su lelflm lelflm bkstk su tìrale tìralem, m, sigÿe sigÿe dms riquir riquirlalie lalietms tms `id Ake`keti Ake`keti qui si iefuietrke istlpudk`ks ie dks "Ispifljlfkflmeis Pìfelfks `i Krqultifturk". Ie ue prisupuistm tmtkd `i mhrk fmaprie`i vkdmrkr tm`m dms riquirlalietms le`l le`lfk fk`m `mss ie dks dks "I "Isp spif ifljl ljlfk fkfl flme meis is Pìfe Pìfelf lfks ks `i Mhrk Mhrk"" (Krq (Krqul ulti tift ftur urk, k, Istrufturk, Lestkdkflmeis Lestkdkflmeis Vkeltkrlks, Gks, Idif Idiftrlfl`k`, trlfl`k`, ispiflkdl`k`is, ispiflkdl`k`is, itf.)?   ^XIV ^XIVY^YI Y^YIVPM VPM @I FMEVPXYFFL FMEVPXYFFLÖE ÖE  1 Fmst Fmstms ms @l @lri rift ftms ms + Fmst Fmstms ms Le`lriftms 1 Fmstm Pmtkd `i Mhrk + LZK (Lapuistm kd vkdmr kgrigk`m) Dms Fmstms @lriftms sme? Dk suaktmrlk `i dms slgulietis fmstms. Mhrks ^ridlalekris + Mhrk Gruisk + Piralekflmeis + Lestkdkflmei L estkdkflmeiss Vkeltkrlks + Gks + Idiftrlfl`k` + Ispiflkdl`k`is (Fkdijkfflöe, Kutmaktlzkflöe (@maötlfk), itf) + Mhrks Ixtirlmris. Dms Fmstms Le`lriftms sme? Dk suakrlm `i dms fmstms `i dms Gkst Gkstms ms Gieirk Gieirkdis dis + Ytldl`k`i Ytldl`k`is. s. (Xm`rlguiz, s.j.)

0. FKXKF FKXKFPIX PIXÁVP ÁVPLFK LFKV V @ID ^XIVY^YI ^XIVY^YIVPM VPM Pm`m prisupuistm tliei fuktrm fkrkftirástlfks jue`kaietkdis? is kprmxlak`m, is slegudkr, is tiapmrkd y is uek birrkalietk `i fmetrmd. 

Id prisupuistm is kprmxlak`m, sus privlslmeis si kfirfkrke aës m aiems kd fmstm rikd `i dk mhrk, `ipie`lie`m `i dk bkhldl`k` (usm fmrriftm `i tìfelfks prisupuistkdis), id frltirlm (vlsukdlzkflöe fmrriftk `id `iskrrmddm `i dk mhrk) y ixpirlieflk `id prisupuistk`mr.



Id prisupui prisupuistm stm is slegudkr, fmam dm is fk`k mhrk, sus fme`lflmeis `i dm dmfk fkdl dlzk zkfl flöe öe,, fdla fdlakk y ai ai`l `lmm ka kahl hlie ieti ti,, fk fkdl dl`k `k`` `i dk akem akem `i mh mhrk rk fkrkftirástlfks `id fmestruftmr, itf. Fk`k mhrk riquliri ue prisupuistm  prmplm ksá fmam fk`k pirsmek m iaprisk tliei su jmrak pkrtlfudkr `i  prisupuistkr.



Id prisupuistm is tiapmrkd, dms fmstms qui ie ìd si istkhdifie södm sme vëdl`ms alietrks tiegke vlgieflk dms priflms qui slrvlirme `i hksi pkrk su idkhmrkflöe. Dms prleflpkdis jkftmris `i vkrlkflöe sme? Lefriaietm `id

FMVPMV IE DK FMEVPXYFFLM E

^ë gglleë 6

 

YELZIXVL@K@ KE@LEK @ID FYVFM IVFYIDK ^XMJIVLMEKD @I LEGIELIXLK FLZLD

fmstm fms tm `i dms les lesuam uamss y sir sirvlf vlflms lms33 utldlz utldlzkfl kflöe öe `i euivm euivmss prm`u prm`uftm ftmss y tì tìfe felf lfks ks33 `isk `iskrr rrmd mddm dm `i euiv euivms ms iq iqul ulpm pms, s, bi birr rrka kali liet etks ks,, akti aktirlk rlkdi dis, s, tifemdmgák, itf.3 `isfuietms pmr vmduaie3 ri`ufflöe ie mjirtks `i lesuams  pmr sltukflmeis ispiflkdis, ispiflkdis, fkahlms fkahlms istkflm istkflmekdis. ekdis. 

Id prisupuistm is uek birrkalietk `i fmetrmd, piralti fmrridkflmekr dk ioifuflöe prisupuistkd fme id kvkefi jáslfm, su fmapkrkflöe fme id fmstm rikd piralti `itiftkr y fmrriglr jkddks y privielr fkuskdis `i vkrlkflöe pmr  kousti ie kdfkefis m fkahlms ie kftlvl`k`is. Em `ihi fmefihlrsi fmam ue `m `mfu fuai aiet etmm is istë tëtl tlfm fm,, fuyk fuyk juef jueflö löee fm fmef efdu duyi yi ue uekk vi vizz id idkh khmr mrk` k`m. m. Id  prisupuistm `i fmestrufflöe si `ihi istrufturkr fmam ue lestruaietm `leëalfm, qui k`iaës `i fmejlkhdi y priflsm sik jëfldaieti fmetrmdkhdi  pkrk piraltlr su kftukdlzkflöe slstiaëtlfk y ivltkr qui si fmevlirtk ie uek birrkalietk mhsmditk y `i pmfk utldl`k` prëftlfk. (^lzkrrm, s.j.)

9. ^XIVY^YIV ^XIVY^YIVPM PM \ FMVPMV FMVPMV @I FMEVPX FMEVPXYFFL YFFLÖE ÖE

Id prisupuistm ie fmestrufflöe is uek birrkalietk qui tliei pmr mhoitm `itiralekr ketlflpk`kaieti id fmstm `i dk ioifuflöe aktirlkd `i uek mhrk.

9. 9.;. ;.

Idkh Idkhmr mrkf kflö löe e `id `id ^r ^ris isup upui uist stmm

Vi rikdlzk fme hksi ie dms pdkems y ie dks ispifljlfkflmeis tìfelfks `i ue  prmyiftm, k`iaës `i mtrks fme`lflmeis `i ioifuflöe, si idkhmrke dms föaputms `i dms trkhkoms k ioifutkr, si bkfie dms keëdlsls `i priflms ueltkrlms `i dms `lvirsms átias y si istkhdifie dms vkdmris pkrflkdis `i dms fkpátudms ie qui si kgrupke dms átias, y ksá mhtieir id vkdmr tmtkd `i dk mhrk. Dms pksms k sigulr sme? Dlstk`m `i priflms hëslfms  

Id pr pris isup upui uist stmm `i `ihi hi le lefd fdul ulrr dk dl dlst stkk `i pr prif iflm lmss hë hësl slfm fmss `i aktirlkdis, iqulpms y skdkrlms utldlzk`ms.  

Keëdlsls ueltkrlms Lefd Lefduy uyii le`l le`lfk fkfl flme meis is `i fk fket etl` l`k` k`is is y fm fmst stms ms `i akti aktirl rlkd kdis is,, trkespmrtis, `ispir`lflms, `ispir`lflms, rie`lalietms, fmstm `i akem `i mhrk, itf.

 

^risupuistm ^risupuis tm pmr fkpátudms Dms fmstms `i mhrk si prisietke `lvl`l`ms pmr fkpátudms `i kfuir`m

 

fme id slstiak `i fmestrufflöe, fmetrktkflöe, prmgrkakflöe, itf. Fmapmeietis `id prisupuistm prisupuistm

FMVPMV IE DK FMEVPXYFFLM E

^ë gglleë 0

 

YELZIXVL@K@ KE@LEK @ID FYVFM IVFYIDK ^XMJIVLMEKD @I LEGIELIXLK FLZLD

Vi pri prisie sietk tk id `isgd `isgdmsi msi `id prisup prisupui uistm stm fme dks fke fketl` tl`k`i k`iss y  priflms tmtkdis `i sus fmapmeietis `lvl`l`ms ksá? aktirlkdis, akem `i mhrk, suhfmetrktms, iqulpms y gkstms gieirkdis. Jlekdaieti ie? fmstms `lriftms y fmstms le`lriftms.  

Jifbk `id prisupuistm Vi `ihi le`lfkr dk jifbk ie dk qui si bkfi id istlaktlvm, ie fksm `i bkhir prmyifflmeis `i fmstms ie id tliapm, si `ihie le`lfkr.

(Fkhrirk y Dkvkyie, s.j.)  Kousti m Am`ljlfkflöe `id ^risupuis ^risupuistm tm

9.8.

Vi leslsti ie id fkrëftir `leëalfm `id prisupuistm qui fmeddivk id kousti  pirlö`lfm, pkrk qui slrvk `i birrkalietk `i fmetrmd, qui piraltk tmakr dks `iflslmeis mpmrtueks qui gkrketlfie dk fudalekflöe ixltmsk `id prmyiftm,  pkrk tm`ks dks pkrtis. Ietri dks fme`lflmeis `i uek mhrk, qui kd am`ljlfkrsi lefl`ie ie dms fmstms y kdtirke su prisupuistm, si pui`ie siûkdkr? 

Xijmraks k dms pdkems qui lapdlqui akymris fketl`k`is `i dms átia átiass priv privls lstm tms? s? mhrk mhrkss k` k`lf lflm lmek ekdi dis, s, m qu quii fm fmed eddi divi viee trkhk trkhkom omss `l `lji jiri riet etis is qui qui em si tu tuvl vlir irme me ie fu fuie ietk tk mr mrlg lgle lekd kdai aiet etii ie id  prisupuistm, mhrks ixtrks. Pkahlìe si pui`ie prisietkr  `lsaleuflmeiss ie dks fketl`k`is `i dms átias privlstms. `lsaleuflmei



Fkahlms ie dks ispifljlfkflmeis `i dk fmestrufflöe qui am`ljlquie id elvid `i fkdl`k` y fmstm `i su prisupuistm lelflkd.



Kdtirkflmeis `id prmgrkak `i trkhkom fme hksi ie id fukd si idkhmrö id prisupuistm `i dk mhrk, qui pui`ie am`ljlfkr dms rifursms `i tliapm, aktirlkdis, akem `i mhrk, iqulpms, itf.



Fkahl Fk ahlms ms ie dks fme fme`lf `lflme lmeis is ksual` ksual`ks ks pk pkrk rk rikdlz rikdlzkr kr dks mhr mhrks? ks? mrgkelzkflöe gieirkd, am`kdl`k` `i fmetrktkflöe m pkgm, slstiaks fmestruftlvms, rie`lalietms, `ispir`lflms, fme`lflmeis `ljirietis `i suidm, rmfk m ai`lm `i trkhkom, y ie gieirkd fukdqulir fme`lflöe qui slgeljlqui fksm jmrtultm, juirzk akymr m jkftmris laprivlstms.



Jkddk Jkddkss `i fm fmest estruf rufflö flöee qui `ihie `ihie fmr fmrrig riglrs lrsii m `itirl `itirlmrm mrmss qui tiegke qui ripkrkrsi mfkslmeke`m trkhkoms m `ispir`lflms y qui fmeddivie akymris fmstms.

FMVPMV IE DK FMEVPXYFFLM E

^ë gglleë 9

 

YELZIXVL@K@ KE@LEK @ID FYVFM IVFYIDK ^XMJIVLMEKD @I LEGIELIXLK FLZLD



Dk jduftukflöe `i dms priflms fmairflkdis `i dms lesuams hëslfms y dms fmstms jlekeflirms, sme fme`lflmeis ixtireks k dk mhrk qui, sl  hlie em si mrlgleke ie iddk, lefl`ie ie sus fmstms y kjiftke su  prisupuistm. Ie if ifmem memaák aákss lej lejdkf dkflme lmekrl krlks, ks, dks kdzks kdzks `i priflm priflmss `id airfk` airfk`mm mhdlgke k lefdulr

ie dms

pri rissupuistms dms lefriaietms

fmrri fmrrisp spme me`l `lie ieti tiss k dk pr prmy myif iffl flöe öe `i dk dkss kd kdzk zkss m kf kftu tukd kdlz lzkr krsi si  pirlö`lfkaieti pkrk bkfir dks risirvks `i fkpltkd y pdkeikr dms jduoms `i fkok. (Fkhrirk y Dkvkyie, s.j.)

9.6. 9.6.

Dms Dms Fms Fmstm tmss ie ie F Fme mest stru ruff fflö löe e

Ie gieirkd si pui`ie l`ietljlfkr dms slgulietis grke`is fmapmeietis dms fukdis pkrtlflpke ie dms fmstms hëslfms `i uek mhrk? 



Aktirlkdis.



Akem `i mhrk. Iqulpms y birrkalietks.



Gkstms gieirkdis? k`alelstrkflöe i laprivlstms.



Lapuistms

Dms tris prlairms fmapmeietis si `iemaleke fmstms `lriftms. Plieie uek ridkflöe `lriftk fme dk ioifuflöe jáslfk `i dk mhrk, istms fmstms istëe `lriftkaieti ridkflmek`ms fme dks fketl`k`is `i mhrk k ioifutkr. Dms gkstms gieirkdis tkahlìe si fmemfie fmam fmstms le`lriftms, istëe ridkflmek`ms ispiflkdaieti fme id tliapm `i ioifuflöe, i lefduyie tm`ms kquiddms jkftmris `ljirietis `i dms fmstms `lriftms, qui kjiftke dk ioifuflöe `i dk mh mhrk rk le lefd fduy uyie ie`m `m gk gkst stms ms k` k`al alel elst strk rktlv tlvms ms,, `i ak aket etie iela lali liet etm, m, jlekef jle keflir lirms, ms, lap lapuis uistms tms,, pöd pödlzk lzks, s, sir sirvlf vlflms lms pÿhdlf pÿhdlfms, ms, fm fmaue auelfk lfkflm flmeis eis,, fmet fmetrm rmdd tì tìfe felf lfm, m, fk fkap apka kaie ietm tms, s, vá váks ks `i kf kffi fism sm,, it itf. f.,, k` k`ia iaës ës `i dm dmss laprivlstms. (Fkhrirk y Dkvkyie, s.j.)

:. ½[YÌ

HIEIJLFLMV

MHPIEIAMV

KD

XIKDL_KX

FMXXIFPM ^XIVY^YIVPM @I MHXK= Dms prleflpkdis hieijlflms qui mjrifi idkhmrkr ue prisupuistm `i mhrk sme? ;. Ivlt Ivltkr kr gkstms leeifis leeifiskrlms krlms,, fmam fmap fmaprkr rkr fketl fketl`k`i `k`iss ixfislvks ixfislvks `i aktirlkdi aktirlkdiss k  priflms idivk`ms idivk`ms y `ispi `ispir`lflkr r`lflkr rifursms. FMVPMV IE DK FMEVPXYFFLM E

^ë gglleë :

YE

 

YELZIXVL@K@ KE@LEK @ID FYVFM IVFYIDK ^XMJIVLMEKD @I LEGIELIXLK FLZLD

8. Fmem Fmemfir fir id vkd vkdmr mr aës kprm kprmxlak xlak`m `m pkrk fm fmestru estrulr lr ue prmyiftm prmyiftm ketis ketis `i iapizkr iapizkr fme dk mhrk. 6. ^dke ^dkeljlfk ljlfkrr y fmetrmdkr fmetrmdkr ie ridk ridkflöe flöe k dm dmss gkst gkstms ms qui si si vkyke vkyke rikdlzke`m rikdlzke`m.. 0. Kbmr Kbmrrkr3 rkr3 kd fmaprkr fmaprkr m fmetr fmetrktkr ktkr ie grk grke`is e`is fk fketl`k etl`k`is, `is, dms aktirlk aktirlkdis dis y sirvlflms sirvlflms sme aës ifmeöalfms. 9. Ivlt Ivltkr kr qui dk dk mhrk ssii pkrk pkrkdlfi dlfi bk bkstk stk qu qui`kr i`kr llefme efmefdus fdusk. k. (Fkhrirk y Dkvkyie, s.j.)

7. IPK^KV IPK^KV IE ID IVPY@ IVPY@LM LM @I YE ^XIVY^ ^XIVY^YIVP YIVPM M Gieirkdaieti, fuke`m si rikdlzk ue pripuistm, si tliei ue tliapm `ijlel`m pkrk rikdlzkrdm y `is`i id puetm `i vlstk `i uek iaprisk fmestruftmrk, si tliei qui fuapdlr  fme uek sirli `i kspiftms tìfelfms pkrk dk prisietkflöe `i dk prmpuistk, pmr dm tketm si `ihie tmakr dms slgulietis kspiftms? ;. Vi `ihi kekdlzkr id fkdie`krlm pkrk dk prisietkflöe `i dk prmpuistk, is `iflr tmakr 

ie fuietk fuke`m si tiralekrë id keëdlsls `i dms priflms `i dms aktirlkdis, id tliapm ie qui si tiralekrë `i idkhmrkr dms kspiftms tìfelfms `i dk prmpuistk, tliapm qui si riquirlrë dk fmapkglekflöe `i dk prmpuistk, itf. 8. ^mstirlmraieti si `ihi rikdlzkr ue ixbkustlvm keëdlsls `i dks hksis `i dk dlfltkflöe  pdksak`m ie id pdligm `i fme fme`lflmeis `lflmeis mtmrgk` mtmrgk`mm pmr dk iaprisk fmetrktketi. 6. Vi `ihi pripkrkr ue dlstk`m `i fmtlzkflmeis `i dms aktirlkdis k utldlzkr ie dk mhrk,

 pkrk istm si `ihi tieir fdkrkaieti l`ietljlfk`ks dks ixlgieflks y ispifljlfkflmeis ispifljlfkflmeis tìfelfks qui pl`i dk ietl`k` fmetrktketi. Ie id fksm `i fmtlzkflmeis `i suhfmetrktms si `ihi prmfurkr ietrigkr id aëxlam `i lejmrakflöe `lspmelhdi kd fmtlzk`mr. 0. Yek viz tmak`m ue fmemflalietm fkhkd `id trkhkom k ioifutkr y dks fme`lflmeis

lapuistks pmr dk ietl`k` fmetrktketi is sliapri rifmaie`khdi uek vlsltk kd dugkr, qui gieirkdaieti is ixlgl`k pmr dk ietl`k` fmetrktketi ie id pdligm `i fme`lflmeis. Ie istk vlsltk kd dugkr si `ihi `itiftkr dks fme`lflmeis ie qui si `ihirë ijiftukr dk mhrk, dms kffisms, sltlms `i lestkdkflöe `i jkieks, ristrlfflmeis `i pksm ie puietis y fkalems, fkdl`k` `id tirriem, `lspmelhldl`k` `i aktirlkdis, ak`irks, fmahustlhdi, kguk kguk pmtkh pmtkhdi, di, ai`lms ai`lms `i trk trkesp espmrt mrtii `id pirsme pirsmekd, kd, vi virljl rljlfk fkrr id airfk` airfk`mm `i dms aktirlkdis k utldlzkr, fdlaktmdmgák, itf. 9. Mtrm pksm lapmrtketi ie id istu`lm `id prisupuistm is id `i prmviirsi `i ue dlstk`m

`i prif priflm lmss kftu kftukd kdlz lzk` k`mm `i ak akem em `i mh mhrk rk y akqu akqule lekr krlk lks. s. Ie id fk fksm sm `i dk dkss akqulekrlks si `ihi tmakr ie fuietk id fmstm `id fmahustlhdi m dk jduftukflöe qui tie`rë isti `urketi id trkesfursm `i dk rikdlzkflöe `i dk mhrk, aketielalietm, `isgksti `i eiuaëtlfms, itf. (^lzkrrm, s.j.)

2. FMVPM @I @LXIFPM Id fmstm `lriftm `id priflm ueltkrlm `i fk`k átia `ihi lefdulr tm`ms dms fmstms ie qui si lefurri pkrk rikdlzkr fk`k kftlvl`k`, ie gieirkd, isti fmstm `lriftm istë FMVPMV IE DK FMEVPXYFFLM E

^ë gglleë 7

 

YELZIXVL@K@ KE@LEK @ID FYVFM IVFYIDK ^XMJIVLMEKD @I LEGIELIXLK FLZLD

fmejmrak`m pmr tris fmapmeietis qui `ipie`ie `id tlpm `i átia m kftlvl`k` qui si istì prisupuistke`m (ixfkvkflöe, bmralgöe krak`m pkrk vlgks, ripdketim, itf.). 

Aktirlkdis? is id fmstm `i dms aktirlkdis puistms ie mhrk.



Akem `i Mhrk? is id fmstm `i dk akem `i mhrk levmdufrk`k ie id átia, sipkrk` pmr fk`k ispiflkdl`k`, pmr ioiapdm, ie id fksm `i uek vlgk `i bmralgöe krak`m si eifisltk dk pkrtlflpkflöe `i kdhkûld, iefmjrk`mr y ijirrk`mr. ^mr mtrk pkrti, si `ihi tmakr tkahlìe ie fuietk dms hieijlflms smflkdis.



Akqu Ak qule lekr krlk lk,, iqul iqulpm pm y bi birr rrka kali liet etks ks?? is id fm fmst stmm `i dm dmss iq iqul ulpm pms, s, akqulekrlks y birrkalietks utldlzk`ks ie id átia qui si istë kekdlzke`m.

Vigul`kaieti si prisietk dk aitm`mdmgák pkrk `itiralekr dms fmstms `i fk`k uem `i dms fmapmeietis `id fmstm `lriftm.

2.;.

Aktirlkdis

Dms aktirlkdis sme dms rifursms qui si utldlzke ie fk`k uek `i dks kftlvl`k`is m átias `i dk mhrk. Dms aktirlkdis istëe `itiralek`ms pmr dks ispifljlfkflmeis tìfelfks, `me`i si `ijlei dk fkdl`k`, fketl`k`, akrfk,  prmfi`ieflk,, fmdmr, jmrak, m fukdqulir mtrk fkrkftirástlfk eifiskrlk pkrk su  prmfi`ieflk l`ietljlfkflöe. 2.8.

Fmstm `i dms Aktirlkdis

Id fmstm `i dms aktirlkdis fmeslsti ie uek fmtlzkflöe k`ifuk`k `i dms aktirlkdis k utldlzkr ie uek `itiralek`k kftlvl`k` m átia, istk fmtlzkflöe `ihi sir `ljirieflk`k  pmr id tlpm `i aktirlkd y husfke`m kd prmvii`mr aës fmevielieti. Id priflm k fmesl`irkr `ihi sir id puistm ie mhrk, pmr dm tketm, isti prmfism pui`i sir  kjiftk`m pmr vkrlms jkftmris tkdis fmam? fmstm `i trkespmrti, jmraks `i pkgm, vmdÿaieis `i fmaprk, mjirtks `id amaietm, itf. Id fmst fmstmm `i dms dms ak aktir tirlk lkdi diss tlie tlieii uek uek gr grke ke lap lapmr mrtke tkefl flkk ie id fëdfu fëdfudm dm `id `id  prisupuistm, `ihl`m k qui ie id fksm `i qui si fmaitk irrmris ie istk pkrti, trki fmam fmesifuieflk ue risudtk`m auy kdiok`m `i dk rikdl`k`, y pmr dm tketm uek tmtkd `lstmrslöe ie id fmstm tmtkd `i dk mhrk, qui ie fksm `i sir uek dlfltkflöe idlalek `lriftkaieti kd fmetrktlstk qui si prisietk k istk. ^mr mtrk pkrti, si `ihirë tieir fmemflalietm `i tm`k dk `lvirsl`k` `id airfk`m, ie fuketm k dms aktirlkdis k utldlzkr, uek `ljirieflk `i priflm aáelak pm`rë lefl`lr ie dms vmdÿaieis grke`is `i aktirlkd k fmaprkr qui si eifisltk ie dk fmestrufflöe `i uek mhrk.

2.6.

Xie`lalietm `i dms Aktirlkdis

FMVPMV IE DK FMEVPXYFFLM E

^ë gglleë 2

 

YELZIXVL@K@ KE@LEK @ID FYVFM IVFYIDK ^XMJIVLMEKD @I LEGIELIXLK FLZLD

Mtrm kspiftm qui si `ihi tmakr ie fuietk ie dm qui si rijliri k dms aktirlkdis is id rie`lalietm qui tlieie istms, is `iflr dk fketl`k` `i aktirlkd qui si eifisltk ie uek `itiralek`k kftlvl`k` m átia. Dk fketl`k` `i aktirlkdis si `itiralek ai`lketi ue istu`lm kekdátlfm, ie id fukd si fmesl`irk id rie`lalietm `id aktirlkd qui is prmplm `i fk`k uem `i sus fmapmeietis, kd fukd si k`lflmek dks pìr`l`ks prm`ufl`ks pmr jrkfturks `urketi id trkespmrti `id aktirlkd qui lapmslhldltk id iapdim ie dk mhrk. Ìstks pìr`l`ks sme ixprisk`ks ie ue `itiralek`m pmrfietkoi k dm qui si ddkak ddkak id rie rie`la `lalie lietm tm eit eitm, m, k`l k`lflm flmek eke`m e`m k ìsti ìsti `k fmam fmam risudt risudtk`m k`m id rie`lalietm tmtkd. Is `iflr? Xie` Pmtkd1Xie` rikd+ Xie` eitm Vle iahkrgm, bky qui `iflr qui id fëdfudm `i ìstms rie`lalietms si bkddke ai`lketi ixbkustlvms istu`lms, pirm ie id fksm `i dks dlfltkflmeis, ie dms  pdligms `i fme`lflmeis si iefuietrke dks ispifljlfkflmeis ispifljlfkflmeis tìfelfks `id  prmyiftm, pmr dm tketm si tliei ue pkrëaitrm `i dms rie`lalietms `i dms aktirlkdis qui si `ihie utldlzkr ie uek `itiralek`k kftlvl`k`.

2.0.

Akem `i Mhrk

Dk akem `i mhrk is ue rifursm `itiraleketi ie dk pripkrkflöe `i dms fmstms ueltkrlms. Vi fmapmei `i `ljirietis fktigmráks `i pirsmekd tkdis fmam? fkpktkfis, kdhkûldis, akem `i mhrk ispiflkdlzk`k, pimeis y `iaës  pirsmekd qui kjiftk `lriftkai `lriftkaieti eti kd fmstm `i dk mhrk. Dms skdkrlms `i dms rifursms `i akem `i mhrk istëe hksk`ms ie id eÿairm `i bmrks pmr `ák, y id eÿairm `i `áks pmr siakek. Dk tksk skdkrlkd bmrkrlk lefduyi? skdkrlm hëslfm, hieijlflms smflkdis, vkfkflmeis, jirlk`ms, smhri tliapms y tm`ms dms hieijlflms digkdis qui dk iaprisk mtmrgui kd pkás.

2.9.

Fmstm `i dk Akem `i Mhrk

Is mtrm `i dms jkftmris `itiraleketis ie dk pripkrkflöe `i dms fmstms ueltkrlms. Vi fmapmei `i omrekdis y suid`ms `i pimeis, kdhkûldis, akem `i mhrk mhrk is ispi pifl flkd kdlz lzk` k`kk y `i `iaë aëss pi pirs rsme mekd kd qu quii kj kjif iftk tk `l `lri rift ftka kaie ieti ti k dm dmss `ljirietis átias `i dk mhrk. K piskr `i dk prmgrislvk aifkelzkflöe y id iapdim fk`k viz akymr `i idiaie idi aietms tms prijkh prijkhrlf rlfk`m k`ms, s, dk ake akemm `i mhrk mhrk slgui slgui kpmrtk kpmrtke`m e`m dk akymr  akymr  fmetrlhuflöe ie dms trkhkoms `i fmestrufflöe. FMVPMV IE DK FMEVPXYFFLM E

^ë gglleë <

 

YELZIXVL@K@ KE@LEK @ID FYVFM IVFYIDK ^XMJIVLMEKD @I LEGIELIXLK FLZLD

^krk dk vkdmrkflöe `id fmstm bmrkrlm, `ihi tmakrsi ie fuietk id skdkrlm  hëslfm, kd fukd fukd `ihiams kkgrigkr grigkr dks lefl`i lefl`ieflks eflks `i dms hieijlflms hieijlflms smflkdis. smflkdis.

2.:.

Xie`lalietm `i dk Akem `i Mhrk

Id rie`lalietm `i dk akem `i mhrk si pui`i `ijlelr fmam dk fketl`k` `i uel` ue l`k` k`is is lguk lgukdi diss qu quii ue mh mhri rirm rm pu pui` i`ii bk bkfi firr ie ue pi pirl rlm` m`mm jl jlom om m kdtirektlvkaieti id tliapm qui si riquliri `i ue mhrirm pkrk bkfir uek uel`k` `i mhrk3 `lfbm ie jmrak risual`k, id rie`lalietm is? 

Dk fketl`k` `i mhrk bifbk ie dk uel`k` `i tliapm, m



Id tliapm eifiskrlm pkrk bkfir uek uel`k` `i mhrk.

^krk bkfir ue keëdlsls `id rie`lalietm `i dk akem `i mhrk, si `ihi tmakr  ie fuietk id tliapm tmtkd `i pirakeieflk `i ue trkhkok`mr ie uek mhrk si kprmvifbk södm pkrflkdaieti, pu`lie`m bkfirsi uek suh`lvlslöe `i su trkhkom `i dk slgulieti akeirk? Prkhkom Prkh kom prm` prm`uftlv uftlvm? m?  Kft Kftlvl lvl`k` `k` qui kp kpmrt mrtkk `lrift `lriftka kaiet ietii k dk 

 prm`ufflöe,

pmr

ioiapdm?

dk

fmdmfkflöe

`i

iefmjrk`m,

bmralgmek`m, vlhrk`m, itf. 

Prkhkom Prkh kom fmetr fmetrlhutm lhutmrlm? rlm?  Kf Kftl tlvl vl`k `k`i `iss `i kp kpmy mymm qu quii `i `ihi hiee si sir  r  rikdlz rik dlzk`k k`kss pk pkrk rk qui id trk trkhko hkomm prm`uf prm`uftlv tlvmm si pui`k pui`k bkfir, bkfir, pmr  ioiapdm? trksdk`m `id iefmjrk`m k su dugkr, dlaplizk `i supirjlflis  pkrk id bmralgmek`m, bmralgmek`m, itf.



Prkhkom em fmetrlhutmrlm? Vme tm`ks dks `iaës kfflmeis qui em si iefu iefuie ietrk trkee `i `iet etrm rm dk dkss aief aieflm lmek ek`k `kss ke keti tirl rlmr mrai aiet etii y qu quii ripris rip risiet ietke ke tliapm tliapmss `is `iskp kprmv rmvifb ifbk`m k`ms, s, pmr ioiapd ioiapdm? m? ispirk ispirk `i aktirlkdis jkdtketis, fmevirskflöe ietri trkhkok`mris, itf.

^mr mtrk pkrti, id rie`lalietm `i dk akem `i mhrk, vkrák `i kfuir`m k dk ixpir ix pirlie lieflk flk `i `idd mhr mhrirm irm,, is `iflr, `iflr, alietr alietrks ks aës ixp ixpirl irlaie aietk` tk`mm si sikk id mhrirm, dms rie`lalietms sirëe aës kdtms. Mtrm `i dms jkftmris qui lejduyie ie id rie`lalietm `i dk akem `i mhrk, is id slstiak `i trkhkom kd fukd si rikdlzkrë dk mhrk3 istms slstiaks `i trkhkom sme pmr fmetrktm y pmr omrekd. Id slstiak `i omrekd, is kquid pmr id fukd si pkgk ue `itiralek`m vkdmr pmr   omrek`k `lkrlk `i trkhkom, ie id fukd si mhtlieie rie`lalietms hkoms pirm dk fkdl`k` `id trkhkom is huiek. ^mr id mtrm dk`m, id slstiak `i fmetrktm is FMVPMV IE DK FMEVPXYFFLM E

^ë gglleë ;>

 

YELZIXVL@K@ KE@LEK @ID FYVFM IVFYIDK ^XMJIVLMEKD @I LEGIELIXLK FLZLD

kquid pmr id fukd si pkgk uek `itiralek`k suak pmr dk uel`k` `i mhrk ioifutk`k3 ie isti slstiak si mhtliei uek `lsaleuflöe `i dk fkdl`k` ie dk ioifuflöe `i dk mhrk, pirm si mhtliei rie`lalietms aës kdtms. Id fëdfudm `id rie`lalietm `i dk akem `i mhrk is auy fmapdlfk`m, pirm dk `itiralekflöe `i ìsti jkftmr pui`i bkfirsi `i `ms jmraks, uek `i dks fukdis is id frmemaitrk`m `i tliapms iapdik`ms pmr `ljirietis mhrirms  pkrk dk ioifuflöe `i ue alsam tlpm `i átia, tmake`m fmam rie`lalietm id tìralem ai`lm `i ìstms. \ id sigue`m aìtm`m sirë risudtk`m `i dms vkdmris levirtl`ms ie akem `i mhrk `i dk fmestrufflöe tiralek`k. ^mr ioiapdm, ie id fksm `i qui si tiegk qui fuapdlr ie ue `itiralek`m tlia tliapm pm ue uekk fmes fmestru truff fflö löe, e, is `i `ifl flrr qu quii si ti tieg egkk ue pd pdkz kzmm jlo jlomm ie dk rikdlzkflöe `i dk mhrk, si pui`i mhtieir ue rie`lalietm `i akem `i mhrk k`ifuk`m, m aiomr `lfbm ue rie`lalietm tiörlfm id fukd piraltlrë dk fmefduslöe `i dk mhrk ie `lfbm tliapm, fmam si auistrk k fmetleukflöe.

2.7.

Hieijlflms Vmflkdis

Mtrm `i dms kspiftms qui si `ihi tmakr ie fuietk ie id fëdfudm `i dk akem `i mhrk is id `i dms hieijlflms smflkdis. Dk Dkss di diyi yiss sm smfl flkd kdis is `i `idd pk pkás ás `itiraleke id pkgm `i hieijlflms smflkdis k tm`ks dks pirsmeks kskdkrlk`ks qui `ihie sir levmdufrk`ks `ietrm `id fmstm `i akem `i mhrk. 2.2.

Fmstm `i dms Iqulpms `i Fmestrufflöe y Birrkalietks

Ie id fmst fmstmm `i dk ak akqu qule lekr krlk lk y iq iqul ulpm pmss si fm fmes esl` l`ir irkk k tm tm`k `kss dk dkss akqu ak qule lekr krlk lkss fmam fmam si sir? r? grÿk grÿks, s, vm vmdq dqui uiti tis, s, fkrg fkrgk` k`mr mris is jr jrme metk tkdi dis, s, it itf. f. `ipie`lie`m id tlpm `i kftlvl`k` m átia qui isti ie istu`lm. Ie id fksm `i dks akqulekrlks pui`i bkhir `ms pmslhldl`k`is pkrk rikdlzkr id istu`lm? 

Iqulpms kdquldk`ms? ie istk sltukflöe södm si fmesl`irk uek priflm  pmr id kdquldir `id iqulpm, iqulpm, tielie`m dk prifkuflöe prifkuflöe `i fmemfir fmemfir quì is dm qui lefduyi `ietrm `id kdquldir, pmr ioiapdm, sl em si lefduyie flirtms fmstms tkdis fmam id mpirk`mr, aketieflöe m kffismrlms, is eifiskrlm kgrigkrdms, pkrk prisupuistkr id fmstm rikd `i mpirkr dms iqulpms.



Iqul Iq ulpm pmss prmplms?  pkrk isti fksm, dk sltukflöe is ue pmfm aës fmapdiok, yk qui si riquliri `itiralekr dms fmstms `i `ipriflkflöe `id iqulpm y dms `i pmsislöe y mpirkflöe `id alsam, ai`lketi

FMVPMV IE DK FMEVPXYFFLM E

^ë gglleë ;;

 

YELZIXVL@K@ KE@LEK @ID FYVFM IVFYIDK ^XMJIVLMEKD @I LEGIELIXLK FLZLD

kdgÿe aìtm`m, id fukd si `iskrrmddkrë aës k`idketi ie id prisieti fkpátudm.

2. bttps?//www.fuivk `idflvld.fma/8>;>/>:/prisupuistm-`i-mh />:/prisupuistm-`i-mhrk.btad rk.btad



Fkhrirk, A. J y Dkvkyie, A. J. (s.j.). Keëdlsls `i Fmstms? ^risupuistm `i Mhrk  ‖ Fkrkftirástlfks, Fkrkftirástlfks, Idkhmrkflöe y Koustis. Koustis. Xifupirk`m Xifupirk`m `i ? ?  bttp?//www.idmjlflkd.if/tkg/prisupuistm-`i-mhrk/



^lzkrrm, Vtivie. (s.j.). ^risupuistm `i Fmestrufflöe. Xifupirk`m `i? bttps?//www.fbldifuhlfk.fma/istu`lm bttps?//www.fbldifu hlfk.fma/istu`lm-fmstms/prisupuistm -fmstms/prisupuistm//

FMVPMV IE DK FMEVPXYFFLM E

^ë gglleë ;9