Presupuesto de La Familia

 

 \NBBJY UYJWZUZJW\O LJ BN @NFMBMN

UYJWJK\NLO UOY3 FNXMB GNYMKN FÎY^ZJS \ÍBBJS

LOGJK\J3 KMGOBNW AZ\MJYYJS AZ\MJYYJS

ZKMPJYWMLNL UOUZBNY LJB GJWNY  @NGZB\NL LJ GMJKGMNW NLFMKMW\YN\MPNW, GOK\NIBJW ] JKGOKOFMGNW

PNBBJLZUNY ‗ GJWNY  959>

OICJ\MPOW

 

Oicjtmvo Ajkjrnb Nknbmznr y jvnbunr bn mfportnkgmn lj bns `mknkzns pjrsoknbjs pnrn bn tofn lj ljgmsmokjs

Oicjtmvos Jspjgæ`mgos 

 



Ajkjrnr jstrntjamns quj goktrmiuyjk n ukn fjcor nlfmkmstrngm÷k `mknkgmjrn Mljktm Mlj ktm`mg `mgnr nr `ngtor `ngtorjs js quj gokbbj gokbbjvn vnkk nb fnk fnkjco jco mkn mknlj ljgun gunlo lo lj bns `mk `mknkz nkzns ns  pjrsoknbjs Gokogjr bns hjrrnfmjktns quj sj ljijk usnr pnrn jb fnkjco nljgunlo lj bns `mknkzns pjrsoknbjs fjlmnktj rjgobjggm÷k lj mk`orfngm÷k lj lmstmktns `ujktjs.

UYJWZUZJW\O LJ BN @NFMBMN

 

FNYGO \J×YMGO

@mknkzns Ujrsoknbjs  

Nktjgjljktjs

Jb fuklo lj hoy js gnln vjz fîs jxmajktj jk bos lmvjrsos nspjgtos jk quj mktjrngtunfos gok otros ngtorjs lj kujstrns jgokofæns, nljfîs ljb arnk ljsnrrobbo lj bns tjgkoboaæns lj bn mk`orfngm÷k y bn gofukmgngm÷k, n jbbo ko jsgnpnk bns `mknkzns, bo quj kos nrrocn n uk fnr lj kujvos gokogmfmjktos quj kos jxmaj ukn fnyor fny or prjpnr prjpnrng ngm÷k m÷k y lj ljsnr snrrob robbo bo lj hnimbm hnimbmlnl lnljs js puktun puktunbj bjss pnr pnrnn boa boarnr rnr jb íxmto íxmto nkhjbnlo por gnln uko lj kosotros. Wmjfprj sj hn pjksnlo quj bns `mknkzns sok ukn sobn, smk jfinrao, jk jb fnkjco prîgtmgo hjfos vmsto ukn arnk lmvmsm÷k jktrj bns jfpr jf prjs jsnr nrmn mnbj bjss y bn bnss pj pjrs rsok oknb nbjs js.. Unrn Unrn bn bnss pr prmf mfjr jrns ns bn tjor tjoræn æn hn mkvj mkvjst stma manl nloo y ljsnrrobbnlo uk smkkófjro lj hjrrnfmjktns gok jb `mk lj jktrjanrbj mkstrufjktos ml÷kjos n bns jfprjsns, fmjktrns n bns sjauklns bos jxpjrtos hnk ljcnlo quj jbbns sj ljsnrrobbjk lj ngujrlo gok bn jxpjrmjkgmn lj gnln mklmvmluo. Wj pujlj mk`jrmr quj bns `m `mkn knkz kzns ns jf jfpr prjs jsnr nrmn mnbj bjss jk jktr trja jank nk uk vn vnbo borr narj narjan anlo lo fî fîss tnka tnkami mibj bj,, gofo gofo bn ngufubngm÷k lj lmkjro nb mkgrjfjktnr bn rjktnimbmlnl, fmjktrns jk bns `mknkzns  pjrsoknbjs jstj vnbor narjanlo tmjkj quj vjr fîs gok jb imjkjstnr lj bn pjrsokn, nsæ bo pbnktjn bn jgokofæn. Js gbnro pnrn bn fnyoræn lj bns pjrsokns quj bn ajstm÷k `mknkgmjrn js ukn `ukgm÷k grætmgn jk bns orankmzngmokjs, smk jfinrao, jk kosotros fmsfos js maunb o mkgbusmvj fîs trnsgjkljktj, js por jbbo quj jb íxmto lj kujstrns `mknkzns pjrsoknbjs, nb maunb quj jb lj bns jfprjsns, rjqumjrj lj uk bmljrnzao y ajrjkgmnfmjkto jxmtoso. Jb gofprnr ukn gnsn, jb nhorrnr pnrn kujstrn cuimbngm÷k, pnrn bn jlugngm÷k lj bos kmþos j mkgbuso pnrn fnkjcnr fîs j`mgnzfjktj bos prjsupujstos `nfmbmnrjs, rjqumjrj hoy jk læn ukn fnyor so`mstmgngm÷k `mknkgmjrn, por bo tnkto, bos goksufmlorjs ljijk gnpngmtnrsj, gokogjr, jkgoktrnr y fnkjcnr ukn mk`orfngm÷k fîs nfpbmn, bo quj gokbbjvnrî n uk fjcor `ukgmoknfmjkto lj bos fjrgnlos `mknkgmjros. Bn rmqujzn

 

 pjrsoknb bn poljfos ljtjrfmknr gok jb nkîbmsms lj lmvjrsns smtungmokjs jk kujstrn vm vmln ln gotm gotmlm lmnk nkn, n, pn pnrn rn jb jbbo bo polj poljfo foss vj vjrr uk pnr pnr lj prja prjauk uktn tnss qu qujj sobo sobo iu iusg sgnk nk jcjfpbm`mgnr bn rnz÷k lj sjr lj kujstro jsgrmto. 

¿Uosjjfos bos su`mgmjktjs rjgursos jgok÷fmgos pnrn jb jstulmo lj kujstros



hmcos jk bn ukmvjrsmlnl, fnktjkmjklo uk kmvjb nljgunlo lj vmln? ¿\jkjfos bos mkarjsos kjgjsnrmos pnrn nlqumrmr ukn gnsn ngorlj gok kujstrns jxpjgtntmvns?

Bn rmqujzn pjrsoknb pujlj sjr fuy suicjtmvn y sjr ljtjrfmknln por jb mklmvmluo quj rjnbmgj bn vnborngm÷k, por jcjfpbo, ukn pjrsokn sj pujlj goksmljrnr n sm fmsfn rmgn  porquj posjj lmvjrsos y gostosos gnrros, otrn porquj rjnbmzn vnrmnlos vmncjs n trnvís ljb fuklo, otrn porquj boarn gnkgjbnr tolns sus ljulns n tmjfpo, otrn porquj ko  posjj fîs n`nkjs quj jb jb vmvmr gnln læn lj ngujrlo ngujrlo gok sus kjgjsmlnljs, kjgjsmlnljs, jtg., Unrn jbbo ljijfos pbnktjnrkos fjtns jk bn vmln, gofo bns fjtns ko `mknkgmjrns, bns gunbjs pujljk sjr bns lj bn `nfmbmn, jb kófjro lj hmcos, jb kmvjb jlugntmvo, bn prîgtmgn lj X o ] rjbmam÷k, bns rjbngmokjs sogmnbjs, jtg., y bns fjtns `mknkgmjrns quj kos  pjrfmtnk posjjr ukn gnpngmlnl fokjtnrmn quj kos pjrfmtn gufpbmr gok bns fjtns ko `mknkgmjrns. Nljfîs, ljijfos tjkjr jk gujktn jb pjrmolo lj tmjfpo (gorto o bnrao  pbnzo) jk jb gunb boarnrjfos kujstrns fjtns. Bo ljsgrmto jk jb pîrrn`o nktjrmor kos jk`rjktn n ukn jbjggm÷k jktrj jb goksufo lj hoy vjrsus jb goksufo ljb `uturo4 pnrn jbbo utmbmznrjfos hjrrnfmjktns `mknkgmjrns quj kos pjrfmtnk tofnr ljgmsmokjs gok rnzoknimbmlnl jgok÷fmgn jk nspjgtos lj nhorro, anstos j mkvjrsm÷k o vmsto lj otrn fnkjrn3 ¿G÷fo y guîklo pujlj ustjl pnanr su ljuln?4 ¿Guîkto ljij nhorrnr hoy  pnrn jkvmnr n su hmco n jstulmnr n bn ukmvjrsmlnl?4 ¿Wu gnpngmlnl lj pnao bj pjrfmtj gofprnr jsn g÷foln gnsn gok bn quj sujþn? Uosjjr bn gnktmlnl kjgjsnrmn lj lmkjro quj bj pjrfmtn mkmgmnr su propmo kjaogmo, nhorrnr pnrn su cuimbngm÷k, tjkjr jb lmkjro su`mgmjktj pnrn jsos tmjfpos lj grmsms, jtg.

 

N trnvís lj bn pbnkjngm÷k `mknkgmjrn pjrsoknb, jkgoktrnrjfos bos nspjgtos quj sj ljijk tjkjr jk gujktn pnrn rjnbmznr uk prjsupujsto, gok jb `mk lj tjkjr uk fnrgo lj rj`jrjkgmn pnrn tofnr ljgmsmokjs `mknkgmjrns ngjrtnlns, quj pjrfmtnk nbgnkznr sus fjtns y sujþos, jk jb goktjxto lj ukn nljgunln gnbmlnl lj vmln pjrsoknb. Lj`mkmlo bo quj smakm`mgn jb íxmto `mknkgmjro y bn rutn n sjaumr pnrn nbgnkznrbo, rjvmsnrjfos guntro pnrnlmafns lj bns `mknkzns pjrsoknbjs, (Wnrfmjkto C.) quj kos fujstrnk grjjkgmns jrr÷kjns jk jb fnkjco lj kujstro lmkjro, pjro quj n su vjz gorroiornk jb porquí lj bos prmkgmpmos lj bns `mknkzns, utmbmznlos nfpbmnfjktj jk bns jfprjsns, y bn rnz÷k por bn gunb kujstrns jgokofæns `nfmbmnrjs pujljk y ljijk fnkjcnr jstos pmbnrjs gok jb `mk lj fnxmfmznr jb ijkj`mgmo `mknkgmjro. 

Jb pnrnlmafn ljb proarjso (Wnrfmjkto, C.)3 sj ljsgrmij gofo jb nrqujtmpo ljb proarjso jgok÷fmgo, jb gunb js ljtjrfmknlo por bn gnktmlnl lj imjkjs quj sj posjj, js ljgmr jktrj fîs imjkjs fnyor js jb proarjso jgok÷fmgo, smk jfinrao, jb pukto lj pnrtmln jstî jk bn jgungm÷k goktnibj, loklj ljij jxmstmr  uk jqum jqumbm bmir irmo mo jk jktr trjj bo boss ng ngtm tmvo vos, s, fm fmss posj posjsm smok okjs js qu qujj ljij ljijkk ajkj ajkjrn rnrf rfjj sostjkmimbmlnl y fms pnsmvos, quj sok bns ljulns quj posjo y fj jktrjank sntms`nggm÷k por fjlmo lj bos imjkjs quj nlqumræ fîs jb pntrmfokmo ajkjrnlo  por fæ. Wj hn jkgoktrnlo lj ngujrlo gok jb LNKJ quj gjrgn ljb :5% lj bn  poibngm÷k ko gufpbj jstn jgungm÷k, yn quj sok fnyorjs bns ljulns o ko tmjkj rjsjrvns lj lmkjro, tolo bo quj posjj bo ljijk.



Jb pnrnlmafn `mknkgmjro (Wnrfmjkto, C.)3 jstj js uk prmkgmpmo `mknkgmjro quj kos pbnktjn quj jktrj fnyorjs ngtmvos sj posjjk posjjk fnyor fnyorjs js mkarjsos sj ljijk ajkjrnr, bo gunb bo vjfos fuy oivmo jk ukn jfprjsn, jktrj fîs sugursnbjs  posjn fîs lmkjro ljij prolugmr, uk supjrfjrgnlo jktrj fîs nbfngjkjs tjkan fîs mkarjsos jspjrn, pjro kujstrn prjauktn js ¿…] jktrj fîs gnrros o tnrcjtns lj grílmto ustjl tjkan?

 



Jb pnrnlmafn ljb mkarjso inco3 (Wnrfmjkto, C.) fjlmnktj bn jkgujstn lj mkarjsos y jarjsos ljb LNKJ bos mkvjstmanlorjs hnk jkgoktrnlo quj bos trnincnlorjs profjlmo smjktjk quj kjgjsmtnk gofo fækmfo uk mkgrjfjkto nlmgmoknb ljb 7:% jk jb snbnrmo fjksunb pnrn nbgnkznr sus fjtns y sujþos.



Jb pnrnlm pnrnlmaf afnn lj bn iu iujk jknn su sujr jrtj tj (Wnrfmjkto, C.)3 ko jxmstj jxpbmgngm÷k `mknkgmjrn rnzoknibj pnrn jstj pntr÷k, smk jfinrao, bns pjrsokns bo tmjkjk jk gujktn jk su nkîbmsms `mknkgmjro nb fofjkto lj rjgrjnr sus fjtns y sujþos. Js  por jbbo quj jb gobjgtmvo cujan jb inboto y jspjrn ankîrsjbo pnrn sobugmoknr su smtungm÷k `mknkgmjrn, por jb goktrnrmo, jstnlæstmgnfjktj oisjrvnfos quj bn  proinimbmlnl lj quj uk mklmvmluo sj ankj jb inboto js lj > jktrj >5.171.:17, fmjktrns bn proinimbmlnl lj quj bj gnman uk rnyo js lj > jktrj 055.555, ¿N guîktns pjrsokns gokogjfos quj bjs hnyn gnælo uk rnyo? Bn rjspujstn n jstj gujstmoknfmjktoo kos gbnrm`mgn quí tnkto ljijfos jspjrnr uk ‒aobpj lj sujrtj‖ gujstmoknfmjkt  pnrn nlqumrmr jsn rmqujzn rmqujzn tnk nkhjbn nkhjbnln. ln.

Yjvmsnklo bo quj hjfos vmsto nktjrmorfjktj kos fujstrn quj jb oicjtmvo lj bns `mknkzns pjrsoknbjs sj pujlj pbnktjnr gofo ukn ljgmsm÷k lj los jsgjknrmos posmibjs3 bn prmfjrn bn poljfos vjr gofo bn iósqujln lj uk nbto kmvjb lj vmln, loklj  posjjfos vnrmnlos imjkjs gofo gofo nutof÷vmbjs bucosos, vmvmjkln jjkk jstrntos nbtos, ropn gostosn, nbtos kmvjbjs lj jkljulnfmjkto, incos kmvjbjs lj nhorro, jtg., quj kos  pjrfmtj posjjr nbtos kmvjbjs lj sntms`nggm÷k, ngofpnþnlo lj uk nbto rmjsao lj fnktjkjr jsj kmvjb lj npnrmjkgmn nktj bn sogmjlnl y nktj kosotros fmsfos. Ujro, por  otro bnlo, poljfos grjnr kujstrn rmqujzn, gofo bn hjfos lj`mkmlo ngî, trnincnklo jk  iusgnr ukn sostjkmimbmlnl fjlmnktj nggmokjs propmns y npoynlns jk bn pbnkjngm÷k `m `mkn knkg kgmj mjrn rn,, bn gu gunb nb kos kos aj ajkj kjrn rn nb nbto toss km kmvj vjbj bjss lj sjau sjaurm rmln lnll y rj rjsp spok oksn snim imbm bmln lnl, l, jktrjaîklokos bn tnk jspjrnln y nprjgmnln mkljpjkljkgmn `mknkgmjrn. `mknkgmjrn. Fjlmnktj bn pbnkjngm÷k `mknkgmjrn polrjfos boarnr fjtns nbgnkznibjs jk uk jktorko `mknkgmjro, jgok÷fmgo y sogmnb, n bn vjz lj gofprjkljr lmvjrsns vnrmnibjs quj

 

n`jgtnk bn tofn lj ljgmsmokjs `mknkgmjrns gofo bn mk`bngm÷k, bos mfpujstos y bos gmgb gmgbos os jgok jgok÷f ÷fmg mgos os qu qujj kos kos pu pujl jljk jk n` n`jg jgtn tnrr jxtj jxtjrk rknf nfjk jktj tj jb íxmt íxmtoo `mkn `mknkg kgmj mjro ro  pbnkjnlo, nlmgmoknbfjktj, kos pjrfmtj vmsunbmznr y goktrobnr jb gmgbo lj bns `mknkzns jk kujstrns kujstrns vmlns, jxpjrmfjk jxpjrmfjktnklo tnklo quj boarnr boarnr jb íxmto íxmto `mknk `mknkgmjr gmjroo js jb rjsubtnlo lj kujstrns ljgmsmokjs y jstns sok fîs s÷bmlns gunklo sok gokstrumlns gok nyuln lj bn  pbnkjngm÷k `mknkgmjrn `mknkgmjrn y tolo bo quj jbbn mfpbmgn jk bos nkîbmsms fnramknbjs y lj gosto lj oportukmlnl jk bns jbjggmokjs quj rjnbmznfos n lmnrmo.

 

\JOYMN LJB NHOYYO BOW GNFMKOW ^ZJ GOKLZGJK NB NHOYYO

Unrn goksjaumr tolo bo quj sj ljsjn, sj kjgjsmtn, sj sujþn o sj nkhjbn, jxmstjk vnrmos gnfmkos. Hny ljgjkns lj `÷rfubns, lmstmktns nbtjrkntmvns, lm`jrjktjs fnkjrns. Bo gmjrto js quj, lnlns sus gnrngtjræstmgns, sus vjktncns y ijkj`mgmos, jb nhorro sj gokstmtuyj qumzî jk jb gnfmko fîs j`jgtmvo pnrn boarnr bos lm`jrjktjs gofjtmlos quj sj pbnktjnk. Nhorn imjk, pnrn boarnr uk nhorro j`mgnz, bo prmfjro y iîsmgo pnrn tjkjr  jk gujktn js quj bn pjrsokn sjpn guîb js su smtungm÷k ngtunb. Js ljgmr, guîb js su  pntrmfokmo. Bos jxpjrtos rjgofmjklnk uk jcjrgmgmo jk jb quj jb mklmvmluo mkgbuyn por uk bnlo tolo nqujbbo quj tmjkj gok su rjspjgtmvo vnbor y, por jb otro, tolo bo quj ljij. Js mfportnktj quj ljkofmkj gofo ngtmvo bo quj tmjkj y pnsmvo bo quj ljij4 sm bn lm`jrjkgmn jktrj nfios js posmtmvn, qumjrj ljgmr quj bn pjrsokn js goksgmjktj lj bn mfportnkgmn lj nhorrnr. Jk gnso goktrnrmo, sm jb vnbor lj sus ljulns js supjrmor nb lj bos imjkjs quj posjj su rjsubtnlo sjrî kjantmvo, y jk goksjgujkgmn js jb fofjkto lj gofjkznr n ljspbjanr nggmokjs quj bbjvjk n torknr jk su `nvor bn lm`jrjkgmn jktrj bo quj tmjkj y bo quj ljij. Unrn jbbo, js kjgjsnrmo jbmfmknr ljulns n jxgjpgm÷k lj bn hmpotjgnrmn, yn quj jb  prjgmo lj bn vmvmjkln js jbjvnlo, jb mktjrís js fîs inco quj jb lj gunbqumjr otro tmpo lj prístnfo y gnsm smjfprj bns vjktncns `msgnbjs sok mfportnktjs. N pnrtmr lj jstn smtungm÷k bn ljgmsm÷k y bn fjtn ljijk sjr goktukljktjs3 nhorrnr jb >5  por gmjkto ljb snbnrmo fjksunb. ¿G÷fo? Kujvnfjktj js kjgjsnrmo hngjr jb jcjrgmgmo lj mkgbumr por uk bnlo mkarjsos y por otro, bos anstos quj sj rjnbmznk fjksunbfjktj. Ljij tjkjr jk gujktn quj, nukquj nbaukos mkarjsos o anstos ko sok fjksunbjs sæ js `ngtmibj hngjr ukn jstmfngm÷k lj bo quj pujlj supokjr gnln uko lj jbbos. Zkn vjz hjgho jsto, bn pjrsokn sj lnrî gujktn lj quj anstn fugho porquj ko bbjvn uk goktrob nljgunlo lj sus mkarjsos, pjro quj pujlj goksjaumrbo nb hngjr uk prjsupujsto.

 

Jb prjsupujsto3 Jstj nspjgto rjspoklj n ukn orankmzngm÷k ljb lmkjro, lj bos mkarjsos y jarjsos, js ljgmr lj bo quj sj rjgmij y lj bo quj sj anstn o sj ljij. Unrn bbjvnr n gnio uk prjsupujsto sjkgmbbo bos gokogjlorjs jk jb tjfn rjgofmjklnk n bns pjrsokns nkotnr jk ukn bmstn tolos sus mkarjsos y anstos. Unrn jbbo, js mfportnktj quj jb mklmvmluo usj toln bn mk`orfngm÷k lj rjgmios y jstnlos lj gujktn (mkgbuyjklo bos lj bns tnrcjtns lj grílmto), pnrn vjr jk quí anstn o mkvmjrtj su lmkjro. Gnbgubj quí porgjktncj lj sus mkarjsos usn pnrn gnln ruiro lj anstos, ljslj bn gofmln hnstn bn hmpotjgn. Nsæ sj lnrî gujktn lj sm bbja÷ jb fofjkto lj ncustnr bos anstos jk jxgjso y lmrmamrbos n bns îrjns líimbjs lj sus `mknkzns. Lj jstn fnkjrn, gok jsn orankmzngm÷k ljb lmkjro, bn pjrsokn polrî ljtjrfmknr guîkto kjgjsmtnrî pnrn boarnr sus oicjtmvos. Uor jcjfpbo, n quí jlnl bj austnræn rjtmrnrsj y guîkto kjgjsmtnrî pnrn jbbo, guîklo mrîk sus hmcos n bn ukmvjrsmlnl y guîkto bj gostnrî, jtg.

Unsos pnrn gufpbmr tus fjtns y fnktjkjr snbulnibjs tus `mknkzns pjrsoknbjs3 >. Yjamstrn Yjamstrn tus anstos. anstos. Jb prmfjr prmfjr pnso pnso pnrn nhorrnr nhorrnr lm lmkjro kjro js sni snijr jr guîkt guîktoo anstn anstns. s. Nkotn lurnktj uk fjs tolos tus anstos lmnrmos nb gjktnvo, gok tolos bos fjlmo fjl moss lj pnao pnao (j`jgt (j`jgtmvo mvo,, tn tnrcj rcjtn, tn, trnks` trnks`jrj jrjkgm kgmn, n, jtg jtg.). .). Ora Orankæ nkæzn znbos bos por  gntjaoræns, gofo trnksportj, nbmfjktngm÷k, ljulns, jtg. 9. Hnz uk pr prjjsupu supujjst stoo. Gunk Gunklo lo sjpn sjpnss guîkt uîktoo anstns stns,, pujl pujljjs hng hngjr uk  prjsupujsto pnrn vmvmr, quj ljij tjkjr rjbngm÷k jktrj anstos j mkarjsos. \ofn jk guj gujktn ktn anstos anstos jvj jvjktu ktunbj nbjs, s, gofo gofo fntræ fntrægub gubnn ljb nut nuto, o, jkt jktrnl rnlnn n gbn gbnsjs sjs,, rjanbos lj knvmlnl, jtg. Mkgbuyj ukn gntjaoræn ‒nhorro‖ gofo sm `ujrn uk ‒ansto‖ oibmantormo. 7. Yjgort Yjgortnn tus anstos. anstos. Wm tus anstos anstos jxgjlj jxgjljkk tus mkar mkarjso jsoss o ko pujl pujljs js ljst ljstmkn mknr  r  ukn gnktmlnl nb nhorro, js kjgjsnrmo quj bos rjgortjs. Mljktm`mgn bns gntjaoræns quj ko sok iîsmgns, gofo jktrjtjkmfmjkto y gofmln jk rjstnurnktjs. Yjgortn

 

an anst stos os `m `mco coss go gofo fo tj tjbj bjvm vmsm sm÷k ÷k po porr gn gnib ibj, j, gj gjbu bubn bnr, r, jtg. jtg. Nktj Nktjss lj gofp gofprn rnr  r  rj`bjxmokn sm js ukn kjgjsmlnl o uk ljsjo. =10), ljbmfmtn quj bos Jampgmos pnrn poljr gubtmvnr bn tmjrrn, ljtjrfmknink jb fofjkto prjgmso lj smjfprj y gosjghn4 otros pujibos nknbmznink smtungmokjs gbmfntob÷amgns fîs prjgmsns, smjklo uko lj jbbos bos `jkmgmos, quj trnznink pbnkjs, bos gunbjs bjs pjrfmtænk j`jgtunr jb gofjrgmo jk `orfn oportukn. Uorr ot Uo otro ro bnlo bnlo,, Co Cosj sjph ph Pbnj Pbnjff ffmk mkgd gd jk su bmir bmiroo ‒H ‒Hms msto torm rmnn y lo logt gtrm rmkn knss lj bn goktnimbm goktni mbmlnl lnl‖‖ (Pbnjf (Pbnjffmk fmkgd, gd, >=0>), >=0>), ljbmfm ljbmfmtn tn quj bos `uk `uklnf lnfjkt jktos os tj÷ tj÷rmg rmgos os y  prîgtmgos ljb prjsupujsto, gofo hjrrnfmjktn lj pbnkm`mgngm÷k y goktrob, tuvmjrok su ormajk jk jb sjgtor auijrknfjktnb n `mknbjs ljb smabo XPMMM, gunklo sj prjsjktnin nb Unrbnfjkto Irmtîkmgo bos pbnkjs lj anstos ljb rjmko y sj lnink pnutns soirj su  posmibj jcjgugm÷k y goktrob. goktrob. Jktrj >=>9 y >=9:, y jk jspjgmnb ljspuís lj bn Urmfjrn Aujrrn Fuklmnb, jb sjgtor   prmvnlo kot÷ bos ijkj`mgmos quj polæn ajkjrnr bn utmbmzngm÷k ljb prjsupujsto jk fntjrmn lj goktrob lj anstos, y ljstmko rjgursos jk nqujbbos nspjgtos kjgjsnrmos pnrn

 

oitj oi tjkj kjrr fîra fîrajk jkjs js lj rj rjkl klmf mfmj mjkt ktoo nl nljg jgun unlo loss lu lurn rnkt ktjj uk gmgb gmgboo lj op opjr jrng ngm÷ m÷kk ljtjrfmknlo. Jk jstj pjræolo bns mklustrmns grjgjk gok rnpmljz y sj pmjksn jk jb jfpbjo lj fítolos lj pbnkjngm÷k jfprjsnrmnb npropmnlos. Jk bn jfprjsn prmvnln sj hnibn mktjksnfjktj lj goktrob prjsupujstnrmo, y jk jb sjgtor póibmgo sj bbjan mkgbuso n nproinr ukn Bjy lj Urjsupujsto Kngmoknb Bn tígkmgn smaum÷ su goktmkun jvobugm÷k,  cukto gok jb ljsnrrobbo ljsnrrobbo nbgnkznlo por bn gokt goktnimbmlnl nimbmlnl lj gostos. Lj ngujrlo gok bo nktjrmor jxmstjk fughos gokgjptos y tjoræns soirj bn pbnkjngm÷k, bn lj`mkmræn gofo uk progjso ngofpnþnlo lj tígkmgns y progjlmfmjktos quj mfpbmgn tofnr ljgmsmokjs, `mcnr oicjtmvos, lmsjþnr y proarnfnr nggmokjs, smjfprj gok uk `mk gofók nbgnkznr fjtns y fjcornr jb `uturo. Bn pbnkjngm÷k smk quj hnyn nggm÷k s÷bo goklugj n sujþos j mbusmokjs, sm jk vjrlnl qujrjfos quj kujstrns mkmgmntmvns snbank nljbnktj, bn pbnkjngm÷k ljij mr n bn pnr gok bn nggm÷k. Lj kujstrns nggmokjs ljpjkljrîk kujstros rjsubtnlos y por bo tnkto bn goksjgugm÷k lj kujstros oicjtmvos. Gunklo bn nggm÷k jstî ukmln n uk iujk pbnk, jstn sj vujbvj fugho fîs sjkgmbbn lj rjnbmznr. Nljfîs, n fjlmln quj sj ngtón lj ngujrlo nb pbnk, vjfos quj sj pujlj fjcornr jk jstj y jk jb progjso nprjkljr lj kujstros jrrorjs y kujstros ngmjrtos. Nsæ quj bn nggm÷k js bn `orfn jxpjrmfjktnb lj mfpbjfjktnr kujstros pbnkjs y nsæ vjrm`mgnfos jk bn rjnbmlnl quj tnk nljgunlos sok jstos. Zk jrro jrrorr quj quj go gofj fjtj tjfo foss js gr grjj jjrr quj quj kujs kujstr tros os pbnk pbnkjs js sok sok pjr` pjr`jg jgto toss y bos bos mljnbmznfos. Fughns vjgjs jstos pnrjgjk tnk imjk hjghos y sj vjk tnk gofpbjtos quj kos ln fmjlo jfpjznr n ngtunr porquj ko qujrjfos jkgoktrnr quj tmjkj jrrorjs, o ko qujrjfos gnfimnrbos. Js ukn gujstm÷k lj ngtmtul, js fjcor sjr `bjxmibjs jk kujstros pbnkjs y iusgnr bn `orfn lj gofpbjtnrbos gok bn nggm÷k, kukgn jxmstmrî jb  pbnk pjr`jgto, smjfprj smjfprj hnirî ukn oportukmlnl lj fjcornrbo.  Kujstros pbnkjs n`jgtnk kujstrns nggmokjs y kujstrns nggmokjs n`jgtnk kujstros  pbnkjs, por jso js mfportnktj quj jxmstn uk jqumbmirmo loklj nfios sj

 

gofpbjfjktjk4 lj jstn `orfn polrjfos sjr fîs j`jgtmvos nbgnkznklo kujstros oicjtmvos y fjtns. Wj polræn gokgbumr bn pbnkjngm÷k js jb jcj vmtnb lj bos proyjgtos, gunklo `nbbn bn  pbnkjngm÷k `nbbn tolo y gunklo pnsnfos lj bn pbnkjngm÷k n bn nggm÷k, sjrî kujstrn fjcor hjrrnfmjktn pnrn nbgnkznr bo quj qujrjfos.

Urjsupujsto  

Nktjgjljktjs

Bn mljn lj prjsupujstnr hn jxmstmlo jk bn fjktj lj bn hufnkmlnl ljslj smjfprj, bo ljfujs ljf ujstrn trn jb hj hjgho gho quj bos jampgm jampgmos os hngæn hngænkk jstmfn jstmfngmo gmokjs kjs pnr pnrnn prokos prokostmg tmgnr nr bos rjsubtnlos lj sus gosjghns lj trmao, gok oicjto lj provjkmr bos nþos lj jsgnsjz4 y quj bos rofnkos jstmfnink bns posmimbmlnljs lj pnao lj bos pujibos gokqumstnlos,  pnrn jxmamrbjs jb trmiuto trmiuto gorrjspoklmjktj (Ljb (Ljb Ymo, 955=). sj prjsjktnk bos jkukgmnlos quj pbnktjnk nbaukos nutorjs. • Js uk pbnk mktjarnlor y goorlmknlor quj sj jxprjsn jk tírfmkos `mknkgmjros rjspjgto n bns opjrngmokjs y rjgursos quj `orfnk pnrtj lj ukn jfprjsn pnrn uk  pjrmolo ljtjrfmknlo, gok jb `mk lj boarnr bos oicjtmvos `mcnlos por bn nbtn ajrjkgmn (Ynfærjz, 955:, p.915). • Js bn ljtjrfmkngm÷k y nsmakngm÷k lj bos rjgursos rjqujrmlos pnrn bn goksjgugm÷k lj bos oicjtmvos. Nsæ, smrvj gofo uk mfportnktj mkstrufjkto lj lmrjggm÷k4 js qumzîs bn  prmkgmpnb hjrrnfmjktn pnrn lmrmamr j`mgnzfjktj ukn jfprjsn fjlmnkn o arnklj (Dn`ury, >==0, p.::). • Zk prjsupujsto, js ukn hocn lj trninco, quj ljsgrmij su jstmbo lj vmln (o tmpo lj vmln). Zk prjsupujsto, js pnrn su proarnfn lj jqumbmirmo `mknkgmjro, bo quj ukn lmjtn js, pnrn su proarnfn lj jqumbmirmo `æsmgo. Jb oicjtmvo prmforlmnb lj uk prjsupujsto,

 

js fjco fjcorn rnrr su sm smtu tung ngm÷ m÷kk jk uk `u `utu turo ro,, go gokk uk smst smstjf jfnn lj anst anstoo lmsg lmsgmp mpbm bmkn knlo lo (Dbosowsdm, >==>, p.78). • Zk mkstrufjkto fuy utmbmznlo pnrn jb goktrob nlfmkmstrntmvo, js jb prjsupujsto. Jxposmgm÷k lj pbnkjs y rjsubtnlos jspjrnlos, jxprjsnlos jk tírfmkos kufírmgos3  proarnfn gokvjrtmlo jk jk kófjros (Dooktz, 955:, p.>98). • Gokcuk Gokcukto to goo goorlm rlmknl knloo lj prjvms prjvmsmok mokjs js quj pjrfmt pjrfmtjk jk gok gokogj ogjrr gok nkt nktmgm mgmpng pngm÷k m÷k nbaukos rjsubtnlos goksmljrnlos iîsmgos por jb cj`j lj bn jfprjsn (Iurinko & Ortmz, >==:, p.>>) Jk tírfmkos ajkjrnbjs, sj pujlj ljgmr, quj uk prjsupujsto js ukn hjrrnfmjktn lj  pbnkm`mgngm÷k, goorlmkngm÷k y goktrob lj `ukgmokjs quj prjsjktn jk tírfmkos gunktmtntmvos bns ngtmvmlnljs quj jk jb `uturo sj rjnbmznrîk jk ukn jfprjsn, gok bn `mknbmlnl lj utmbmznr lj ukn fnkjrn fîs prolugtmvn sus rjgursos, pnrn quj pujln nbgnkznr sus fjtns. Js uk pbnk lj nggm÷k jkgnfmknlo nb gufpbmfmjkto lj ukn fjtn, bn gunb ljij jxprjsnrsj jk tírfmkos lj vnborjs y `mknkgmjros y gufpbmrsj jk uk tmjfpo ljtjrfmknlo, inco gmjrtns goklmgmokjs jstmpubnlns. Wjaók Ljb Ymo (955=), bos oicjt oicjtmvos mvos ljb prjsupujst prjsupujstoo sok lj Urjvm Urjvmsm÷k, sm÷k, Ubnkjn Ubnkjngm÷k, gm÷k, Orankmzngm÷k, Goorlmkngm÷k o Mktjarngm÷k, Lmrjggm÷k y Goktrob4 js ljgmr, gofprjklj o jstîk jk tolns bns jtnpns ljb Urogjso Nlfmkmstrntmvo.

 

BN @NFMBMN

Insjs hmst÷rmgns lj bn `nfmbmn Bn hmstormn kos jksjþn quj bn rjbngm÷k jktrj pnlrjs j hmcos hn gnfimnlo jk bns  

lmstmktns gmvmbmzngmokjs y gubturns ljb fuklo. Bn `nfmbmn hn smlo smjfprj bn insj `uklnfjktnb lj toln orankmzngm÷k sogmnb y hufnkn, js bn mkstmtugm÷k hmst÷rmgn lj fîs  pro`uklo nrrnmao. Gok insj n lntos hmst÷rmgos y sogmob÷amgos, bn prmfjrn fnkm`jstngm÷k lj orankmzngm÷k hufnkn `uj jb gbnk prmfmtmvo, ljstmknlo n boarnr ukn  posmimbmlnl lj lj`jksn quj hmgmjsj `ngtmibj bn supjrvmvjkgmn jk jb fjlmo hostmb jk jb quj tuvo quj vmvmr jb hofirj4 gok jb trnksgurso ljb tmjfpo `uj rjfpbnznlo por bn ukm÷k `nfmbmnr yn ko jk jb mktjrís gofók smko jk sjktmfmjktos mklmvmlunbjs, yn ko qujrænk uk tmpo lj orankmzngm÷k ajkjrnb, prj`mrmjrok `orfnr arupos pjqujþos ukmlos  por jbjfjktos j mktjrjsjs gofukjs, gofo bos bnzos lj snkarj, bn rjbmam÷k, pobætmgn jtg. Bn `orfn fîs jbjfjktnb lj bn `nfmbmn jstuvo rjprjsjktnln por bn ukm÷k lj bn fnlrj y sus hmcos, o sjn s jn quj jb fntrmnrgnlo `uj bn insj, jk jb orljk grokob÷amgo jk jb smstjfn `nfmbmnr, por jstnr `uklnln jk bn bjy knturnb Gok jstn irjvj rjsjþn sj gokogj jb ormajk lj tolo smstjfn y hnstn jb prjsjktj sj hn boarnlo folm`mgnr sobo jk fækmfn pnrtj, jsto oijljgj n quj jb gofportnfmjkto ljb hofirj ko gokgujrln gok bos foljbos npnrjktjs lj bn `nfmbmn quj sj hnk grjnlo, y sj goksmljrn quj jb ljsncustj sogmnb n quj sj hn bbjanlo jk bn ngtunbmlnl ljpjklj jk arnk pnrtj ljb ljsorljk sjxunb quj probm`jrn jk tolns bns gnpns sogmnbjs y jk tolns  pnrtjs. Nfízqumtn (>=8=). (>=8=). Wnbvnlor Fmkughmk grjnlor ljb foljbo jstrugturnb lj`mkj n bn `nfmbmn gofo " uk arupo knturnb quj jk jb gurso ljb tmjfpo hn jbniornlo pnutns lj mktjrnggm÷k. Jstns gokstmtuyjk bn jstrugturn lj bn `nfmbmn, quj n su vjz rmaj jb `ukgmoknfmjkto lj bos

 

fmjfiros lj bn `nfmbmn, lj`mkj su anfn lj goklugtns y `ngmbmtn su mktjrnggm÷k rjgmprogn". (Fmkughmk, @mshfnk, pîa. 9:) Bn `nfmbmn js ukn ukmlnl sogmnb quj jk`rjktn ukn sjrmj lj tnrjns lj ljsnrrobbo, ljijk jk`rjktnr jb ljsn`æo lj bos gnfimos y fnktjkjr nb fmsfo tmjfpo su goktmkumlnl, ljij npoynr y jstmfubnr jb grjgmfmjkto lj sus fmjfiros fmjktrns jbbos sj nlnptnk, tnkto n gnfimos mktjrkos gofo n gnfimos jk sus rjbngmokjs gok jb fjlmo nfimjktj. Bn nutorn Îkajbn Hjrkîkljz (>==1) fnkm`mjstn quj bn `nfmbmn js uk smstjfn knturnb y jvobutmvo y goktjfpbn otrns gokgjpgmokjs quj bj pjrfmtj gofprjkljr lmstmktos kmvjbjs lj niorlncj y lj mktjrvjkgm÷k. Bn `nfmbmn gofo mkstmtugm÷k sogmnb. Bn `nfmbmn js uk smstjfn lj korfns quj tmjkj rjabns lj gofportnfmjkto pnrn sus fmjfiros. Wj orankmznk jk pntrokjs, quj sok  pnrtmgubnrjs pnrn gnln tmpo lj mkstmtugm÷k. mkstmtugm÷k. -Bn `nfmbmn gofo arupo. Js uk gokcukto lj pjrsokns quj mktjrngtónk pnrn su supjrv sup jrvmvj mvjkgm kgmn, n, sj ormjkt ormjktnn fîs hng hngmn mn su `uk `ukgmo gmoknf knfmjk mjkto to mkt mktjrk jrko, o, quj hng hngmn mn bns rjbngmokjs jxtjrkns. -Bn `nf `nfmbm mbmnn gofo gofo gokstr gokstrugg uggm÷k m÷k gubtur gubturnb. nb. Jstî Jstî ora orankm nkmznl znlnn por vnb vnborj orjss sog sogmnb mnbjs, js, trnlmgmoknbjs, rjbmamosos y pobætmgos, pujstos jk prîgtmgn por sus fmjfiros, nsæ gofo bn `orfn lj rjbngmoknrsj jktrj bns pjrsokns quj bn gofpokjk. -Bn `nfmbmn gofo smstjfn lj rjbngmokjs jfogmoknbjs. Js ukn `orfn lj vmln jk gofók quj sntms`ngj kjgjsmlnljs jfogmoknbjs lj bos fmjfiros n trnvís lj bn mktjrnggm÷k. Jb n`jgto, jb olmo, bn gofpbngjkgmn, proporgmoknk uk nfimjktj loklj jb mklmvmluo vmvj progjsos lj mktjrnggm÷k jk otros goktjxtos. Jb orankmsfo `nfmbmnr js uk arupo knturnb quj n trnvís ljb tmjfpo hn ljsnrrobbnlo pntrokjs lj mktjrnggmokjs rjpjtmtmvns, jstos pntrokjs lj mktjrnggmokjs lnk `orfn n bn jstrugturn lj bn `nfmbmn bn gunb quj aoimjrkn jb `ukgmoknfmjkto lj gnln uko lj bos fmjfiros lj bn `nfmbmn `ngmbmtnklo bn mktjrnggm÷k jktrj sus fmjfiros y nb fmsfo tmjfpo ljbmkjnklo gunbjs

 

sok bns ljfnrgngmokj ljfnrgngmokjss lj gofportnf gofportnfmjkt mjktos. os. Js uk smstj smstjfn, fn, ukn ukmln ukmlnll lj gnrî gnrîgtjr  gtjr  sogmnb y nimjrto y lj gokstnktj trnks`orfngm÷k. N ^ZJ WJ LJLMGN BN @NFMBMN Lmnakostmgo mktjrko y jxtjrko

Fnrmkn js ukn fucjr lj gnrîgtjr `ujrtj y ljgmlmlo. Js ukn fucjr grmnln jk jb gnfpo y lj nbbî sj `uj pnrn bn gnpmtnb lj su ljpnrtnfjkto gok sus trjs hmcos, gok bn mljn lj hngjr nbao lm`jrjktj n bo quj hniæn hjgho su `nfmbmn, lurnktj toln bn vmln. Jk bn gmulnl, trninc÷ lurnktj = nþos gofo opjrnrmn jk ukn `îirmgn lj ropn y bujao lj jso, ljgmlm÷ quj yn jrn horn lj mkljpjklmznrsj. Nsæ bo hmzo, fjlmnktj uk gnpmtnb prjstnlo, jb gunb boar÷ fubtmpbmgnr hnstn jb pukto quj, jk bn ngtunbmlnl, js lujþn lj uk tnbbjr. N jbbn bj hn mlo imjk por su gokstnkgmn y su sjktmlo lj bn orankmzngm÷k. Gok sufn gnutjbn, Fnrmkn pbnkjn tolos bos fovmfmjktos lj su vmln y lj su jfprjsn. Knln sj bo ljcn nb nznr porquj, gofo jbbn fmsfn lmgj, tolo tmjkj quj sjr `ruto ljb trninco y ljb jfpjþo, knln jk jstn vmln js rjanbnlo. Jstj kjaogmo bo gofjkz÷ gok sus hmcos y ukn hjrfnkn y ljslj jb prmfjr læn quj ljgmlmjrok `uklnr jstn jfprjsn, `ujrok n bn Gîfnrn lj Gofjrgmo pnrn sngnr pnpjbjs y rjamstrnr su fnrgn. Ko tjkænk km uk sobo gbmjktj, pjro qujrænk tjkjr tolo jk rjabn. Nktjrmorfjktj, Fnrmkn trnincnin jk ukn `îirmgn gofo gortnlorn y opjrnrmn. Nbbæ  pjrfnkjgm÷ lurnktj = nþos, nprjklm÷ fugho lj jstj o`mgmo, pjro ko jstnin goktjktn  porquj jb sujblo jrn fuy fuy inco y ko bj nbgnkz nbgnkznin nin pnrn guirmr sus kjgjsmlnljs. kjgjsmlnljs. Bj gofjkt÷ n uk nfmao su smtungm÷k y íb bj lmco3 ‒yo tj gobnioro‖ Wu gobniorngm÷k goksmstm÷ jk uk prístnfo. Jsj lmkjro bo mkvmrtm÷ jk ukn fîqumkn, tjbns, nggjsormos, jtg. Hnib÷ gok su hjrfnkn (Mkís) quj jk jsj fofjkto sj jkgoktrnin ljsjfpbjnln y bj propuso trnincnr gok jbbn y sus hmcos bos gunbjs bj nyulnink gok bn nlfmkmstrngm÷k y orankmzngm÷k lj su tnbbjr.

 

Fnrmkn js fuy orankmznln, smjfprj bj hnk austnlo bos kjaogmos y js fuy hîimb pnrn fnkjcnr jb lmkjro. Jfpjznrok jk jb fjs lj naosto y los fjsjs fîs tnrlj, jk ogtuirj, tuvmjrok bn kjgjsmlnl lj goksjaumr n los opjrnrmns pnrn quj bjs nyulnrnk. Jso sugjlm÷ porquj ukn vjz quj tuvmjrok jb fntjrmnb jk sus fnkos, hmgmjrok fujstrns y sj `ujrok pnrn vnrmns poibngmokjs vjgmkns n o`rjgjr sus prolugtos. bjs ljgænk n bos propmjtnrmos lj bos nbfngjkjs3 ‒Ljcj ukns prjklns smk gofprofmso y jk qumkgj læns vobvjfos pnrn snijr bo quj hn pnsnlo. Wm ko sj hnk vjklmlo, kos bns bbjvnfos y ko bo fobjsto fîs‖. Yjarjsnrok nb gnio lj jsj tmjfpo y bos propmjtnrmos bj ljgænk quj tolo sj hniæn vjklmlo, quj bjs trncjrn fîs prjklns. Jk jsn ípogn Fnrmkn vmvæn gok sus hmcos y su hjrfnkn, sus pnlrjs smjfprj hnk vmvmlo jk jb gnfpo, jktokgjs jk jstn gmulnl sobnfjktj goktnin gok uk pnr lj nfmstnljs y knln fîs. Jb gofmjkzo lj jstj kjaogmo y su íxmto jk jsj fofjkto, sj ljim÷ n quj sj ljlmgnrok por gofpbjto. Ko pjksnink jk knln fîs quj jk gosjr y jk vjkljr. Ljspuís lj jsns prmfjrns vjktns, ljgmlmjrok quj ko polænk goktmkunr sobos y jktokgjs, gofo ljgæn, goktrntnrok n bns los prmfjrns opjrnrmns quj anknink por  oirn. Goksmaumjrok vnrmos pjlmlos y nrrnkgnrok n trnincnr lj læn y lj koghj. Ko sj an anst stni nink nk uk so sobo bo pj pjso so,, to tolo lo bo nh nhor orrn rnin ink, k, tolo tolo bo mkvj mkvjrt rtæn ænk. k. Go Gofo fo bns bns gosn gosnss fnrghnink imjk y bns prjklns austnink fugho, Fnrmkn bjs lmco n sus opjrnrmns quj, sm jk 0 fjsjs bns gosns jstnink nsæ lj iujkns, bns polæn goktrntnr pjrfnkjktjfjktj. Lj jso hngjk : nþos y su kjaogmo hn grjgmlo y sj hn goksobmlnlo. Bns opjrnrmns anknk jb sujblo fækmfo y tmjkjk su n`mbmngm÷k nb Wjauro Wogmnb. \olo bo tmjkjk jk orljk. Bn corknln lj trninco js lj bukjs n sîinlo jk ukn sobn corknln lj 1 NF n 7 UF. Jsj hornrmo bj pnrjgj gorrjgto, porquj fughns lj bns trnincnlorns sok fnfîs y ljspuís lj trnincnr pujljk ljlmgnrsj n gumlnr n sus hmcos. Jk jb kjaogmo, Fnrmkn npnrtj lj sjr bn cj`j lj proluggm÷k, fnkjcn toln bn pnrtj nlfmkmstr nlfm kmstrntmvn ntmvn.. su hmco (Jstjink) (Jstjink) js jb jkgnranlo jkgnranlo lj bns vjkt vjktns, ns, Anirmjb (hmco) js jb

 

jkgnranlo lj bns gofprns, Fnrbjt (hmcn) js bn jkgnranln ljb îrjn lj fnrdjtmka y su hjrfnkn Mkís sj jkgnran ljb ljpnrtnfjkto lj lmsjþo. Jk bn ngtunbmlnl, kosotros goktmkunfos trnincnklo por pjlmlos, pjro, oivmnfjktj, kujstro fjrgnlo sj hn nfpbmnlo instnktj. Ko sobnfjktj bj vjkljfos n nbfngjkjs lj jstn gmulnl smko lj poibngmokjs vjgmkns y n uk pnr lj ljpnrtnfjktos gjrgnkos.

OYANKMAYNFN @NFMBMNY 

Fnrmkn Gnstro (Ajrjktj) Wus `ukgmokjs sok jcjgutnr bos progjsos nlfmkmstrntmvos ljb îrjn, npbmgnklo bns korfns y progjlmfmjktos lj`mkmlos, jbniornklo logufjktngm÷k kjgjsnrmn, rjvmsnklo y rjnbmznklo gîbgubos, n `mk lj lnr gufpbmfmjkto n gnln uko lj jsos progjsos, boarnr  rjsubtnlos oportukos y anrnktmznr bn prjstngm÷k j`jgtmvn ljb sjrvmgmo

 

Anirmjb Gnstro (Gofprns) Wj jkgnran lj quj tolos bos progjsos bbjvnlos n gnio sjnk gorrjgtos jk gunkto n bmkjnfjktos lj bn jfprjsn y rjaubngmokjs rjabnfjktnrmns mfpujstns, tnkto pnrn bn mfportngm÷k gofo pnrn jxportngm÷k lj fjrgnkgæn.

Mkís Gnstro (Cj`n lj Lmsjþo) Wj jkgnran lj lmsjþnr bns gobjggmokjs lj bn ropn ljportmvn y bos gofpbjfjktos quj sjnkk pjrtmk sjn pjrtmkjkt jktjs js n bn vjstmf vjstmfjkt jktnn prmkgm prmkgmpnb pnb,, tjkmjk tjkmjklo lo jk gujkt gujktnn bns tjk tjklj ljkgm kgmns ns gubturnbjs y sogmnbjs lj bos gbmjktjs. Lj jstj folo, sj jk`ognrî jk tolos bos imotmpos lj gujrpo lj bns fucjrjs, jk bos jstmbos y fntjrmnbjs lj proluggm÷k quj jb aíkjro `jfjkmko kjgjsmtn y ljsjn.

Fnrbjt (Fnrdjtmka) Wj ljsjfpjþnrsj jk bns îrjns lj puibmgmlnl, fnrdjtmka, lmsjþo, nlfmkmstrngm÷k, mkvjstmangm÷k y proluggm÷k nulmovmsunb.

Jstjink gnstro (Pjktns) Wu `ukgm÷k js supjrvmsnr bns ngtmvmlnljs lj jstj ljpnrtnfjkto, goorlmknr jstrntjamns y fjcornr jb rjklmfmjkto lj bos najktjs gok jb `mk lj fnxmfmznr bns vjktns

Bmkn Ijrfóljz (Opjrnrmn) Wupj Wu pjrv rvms msnk nk y go gokt ktro robn bnkk bn fnqu fnqumk mknr nrmn mn ut utmb mbmz mznl nlnn jk bn bnss lm`j lm`jrj rjkt ktjs js jtnp jtnpns ns lj  proluggm÷k

Wnklrn Ijrfóljz (Opjrnrmn) Wupj Wu pjrv rvms msnk nk y go gokt ktro robn bnkk bn fnqu fnqumk mknr nrmn mn ut utmb mbmz mznl nlnn jk bn bnss lm`j lm`jrj rjkt ktjs js jtnp jtnpns ns lj  proluggm÷k

 

NG\MPMLNL JGOK×FMGN Bn mljn lj kjaogmo kngj bujao lj mljktm`mgnr n ukn arnk gnktmlnl lj fucjrjs quj  prngtmgnk nbaók tmpo lj ljportj ljportj o ngtmvmlnl `æsmgn y ko jkgujktrnk prjklns prjklns ljportmvns gok bns gnrngtjræstmgns ljsjnlns, n pjsnr quj hny vnrmns tmjklns lj ropn ljportmvn, ko sj jkgujktrn bo quj bns pjrsokns iusgnk o ljsjnk, pujs bns jfprjsns quj o`rjgjk  prjklns ljportmvns sobo guirjk ukos nspjgtos lj bns kjgjsmlnljs lj bos gbmjktjs4 Uor  tnb fotmvo fotmvo sportswj sportswjnr, nr, iusgn mkkovnr mkkovnr ukn bækjn lj ropn ljportmvn ljportmvn pnrn fucjrjs, fucjrjs, lmsj lmsjþn þnkl kloo pnrn pnrn to tolo lo tm tmpo po lj gu gujr jrpo poss y aust austos os.. Lj maun maunbb `orf `orfn, n, pnrn pnrn js jstn tn mklufjktnrmn sj utmbmznrîk tjbns y prolugtos quj jstík ngorlj pnrn gnln kjgjsmlnl ljb gbmjktj, jstns tjbns o`rjgjk ijkj`mgmos nb fofjkto lj hngjr jcjrgmgmo yn quj, sok sunvjs, g÷folns y gok lmsjþos jxgbusmvos. Uor otrn pnrtj, jb oicjtmvo gok jstn bækjn lj ropn ljportmvn js jfpoljrnr n bns fucjrjs por fjlmo lj jstns prjklns, gofo sj fjkgmok÷ nktjrmorfjktj jxmstj uk arnk kófjro lj fucjrjs gobofimnkns quj sj smjktjk jxgbumlns por bns tnbbns y bos lmsjþos quj jstîk jk jb fjrgnlo. Gok rjspjgto n Bn lmstrmiugm÷k lj prolugtos jk jb bognb jstnrî lmvmlmln jk 7 pmsos, jk jb gunb jb prmfjro sjrî tolo bo quj tmjkj quj vjr gok jb îrjn nlfmkmstrntmvn, fmjktrns tnkto jb sjauklo pmso sjrî tolo bo quj tmjkj quj vjr gok jb ljpnrtnfjkto lj  proluggm÷k y jb tjrgjro sjrî jxgbusmvnfjktj pnrn bn ropn. Bn ioljan prmkgmpnb nb maunb quj bn o`mgmkn ljb cj`j lj ioljan sj uimgnrîk jk jb s÷tnko. gnln pmso tjklrî uk jspngmo jk jb `oklo quj gokstj lj >7 fjtros lj nkgho por : fjtros lj `oklo pnrn rjsjrvnr ljb prolugto sjaók jb pmso jk jb quj sj jkgujktrj. Jb jlm`mgmo loklj sj bbjvn n gnio tolo jstj progjso js propmo.

 

Bn fnqumknrm fnqumknrmnn quj sj polræn polræn tjkjr tjkjr jk gujktn, gujktn, sjrmn fîqumkn fîqumkn pbnkn lj uk uknn nauc naucn4 n4 js ukn lj bns fîqumkns fîs utmbmznlns yn quj pjrfmtj hngjr gosturns iîsmgns jk bn fnyoræn lj prjklns,

fîqumkn `mbjtjnlorn,

fîqumkn gobbnræk,

fîqumkn gjrrnlorn lj golo, fîqumkn @bnt Wjnfjr jktrj otrns4 jqumpos lj g÷fputo j mfprjsorns pnrn bn sjggm÷k nlfmkmstrntmvn, hjrrnfmjktns kjgjsnrmns pnrn fnkjcnr y bbjvnr n gnio ngtmvmlnljs lj bn jfprjsn. Wportswjnr fnkjcn grílmtos pnrn nqujbbos gbmjktjs `mjbjs, quj rjnbmgjk gofprns  pjrm÷lmgns, n bos gunbjs sj bjs fnktjklrî mk`orfnklo gokstnktjfjktj lj bn bbjanln lj kujvns gobjggmokjs y jstmbos quj pujlnk ncustnrsj n su austo. Fnkjcn gostos y anstos rjbngmoknlos gok jb pnao lj pjrsoknb, puibmgmlnl, sjrvmgmos, gostos lj lmstrmiugm÷k jktrj otros.

 

WUOY\WQJNY KM\3 =.18=.9 WUOY\WQJNY JW\NLO LJ WM\ZNGM×K @MKNKGMJYN GM@YNW JXUYJWNLNW JK UJWOW GOBOFIMNKOW

NG\MPO NG\MPO GOYYJK\J J@JG\MPO ] J^ZMPNBJK\J NB J@JG\MPO

 $  $

=5.555.555

 $  $  $