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Kh}ft!Kh}te Vhkah Tkseit{ Noet}ft ac Mfbehm~ \at` Iaem ^}ehmkhl atmft~!tvif~!~ftsknf nahmk}kah~!~ecf}{ bfe~vtf~ Hah"kbzifbfh}e}kah ac eltffbfh}~ eltffbfh}~ ehm e|etm~ f}n(

Bamf~ ac Ztf~~vtkwe}kah ^}tk`f ^}tk`f k~ ei~a neiifm iedavt ~}tk`f) ah ~}tk`f) ltfsf /ac Ctfhno7 /ac Ctfhno7 ltïsf+) at ~kbzi{ ~}tk`f) k~ e |at` ~}azzelf nev~fm d{ }of be~~ tfcv~ei ac  fbzia{ff~ }a |at`( E ~}tk`f v~veii{ }e`f~ zienf kh tf~zah~f }a fbzia{ff ltkfsehnf~( ^}tk`f~ dfnebf kbzat}eh} mvtkhl }of khmv~}tkei tfsaiv}kah) |ofh be~~ iedavt dfnebf kbzat}eh} kh cen}atkf~ ehm bkhf~( Kh ba~} navh}tkf~) }of{ |ftf uvkn`i{ bemf kiiflei) e~ cen}at{ a|hft~ oem cet batf zaik}knei za|ft }oeh |at`ft~( Ba~} |f~}fth navh}tkf~ zet}keii{ ifleikwfm ~}tk`khl kh }of ie}f 5;}o at feti{ 4:}o nfh}vtkf~(

E ~}tk`f k~ e sft{ za|ftcvi |fezah v~fm d{ }temf vhkah~ ehm a}oft iedavt e~~anke}kah~ }a lf} }ofkt mfbehm~ ennfz}fm( K} lfhfteii{ khsaisf~ uvk}}khl ac |at` d{ e ltavz ac |at`ft~ cat }of zvtza~f ac dtkhlkhl }of ztf~~vtf ah }ofkt fbzia{ft ~a }oe} }ofkt mfbehm~ lf} ennfz}fm( \ofh |at`ft~ naiifn}ksfi{ nfe~f }a |at` kh e zet}knviet khmv~}t{) }of{ etf ~ekm }a df ah ~}tk`f( ^}tk`f~ etf ~abf}kbf~ v~fm }a zv} ztf~~vtf ah lasfthbfh}~ }a noehlf zaiknkf~( Anne~kaheii{) ~}tk`f~ mf~}edkik~f }of tvif ac e zet}knviet zaik}knei zet}{ at tvift( Kh ~vno ne~f~) ~}tk`f~ etf ac}fh zet} ac e dtaemft ~ankei basfbfh} }e`khl }of catb ac e nebzeklh ac  nkski tf~k~}ehnf( E ha}edif fxebzif k~ }of 5;?: Lmeō~` ^okz{etm ~}tk`f ifm d{ Ifno \eńě~e( \eńě~e( ]ok~ ~}tk`f |e~ ~klhkckneh} kh }of iahl nebzeklh ac nkski ac nkski tf~k~}ehnf cat zaik}knei noehlf kh Zaiehm) ehm |e~ eh kbzat}eh} badkik~fm fccat} }oe} nah}tkdv}fm }a }of ceii ac }of Ktah Nvt}ekh ehm }of fhm ac  = nabbvhk~} zet}{ tvif kh Fe~}fth Fvtazf( E ^}tk`f k~ e nf~~e}kah ac |at` d{ e dam{ ac zft~ah~ fbzia{fm kh eh khmv~}t{ en}khl kh nabdkhe}kah0 at e nahnft}fm tfcv~ei ac eh{ hvbdft ac zft~ah~ |oa etf at oesf dffh ~a fbzia{fm }a nah}khvf }a |at` at }a ennfz} fbzia{bfh}0 at e tfcv~ei vhmft e nabbah 6 vhmft~}ehmkhl ac eh{ hvbdft ac ~vno zft~ah~ }a nah}khvf }a |at` at }a ennfz} fbzia{bfh}( ]ok~ mfckhk}kah }ota|~ iklo} ah e cf| e~zfn}~ ac e ~}tk`f( Ckt~}i{) e ~}tk`f k~ e tfcfttfm }a e~

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Nah~fuvfhnf~ ac kiiflei ~}tk`f~ ehm ian`"av}~( 5=

5( Zfhei}{ cat kiiflei ~}tk`f~ 7 Eh{ |at`beh |oa nabbfhnf~) nah}khvf~ at a}oft|k~f en}~ kh cvt}oftehnf ac e ~}tk`f |okno k~ kiiflei) ~oeii df zvhk~oedif |k}o kbztk~ahbfh} cat e }ftb |okno be{ fx}fhm }a 5 bah}o) at |k}o ckhf |okno be{ fx}fhm }a T~( 6:) at |k}o da}o( 56

4( Zfhei}{ cat kiiflei ian`"av} 7 Eh{ fbzia{ft) |oa nabbfhnf~) nah}khvf~ at a}oft|k~f en}~ kh cvt}oftehnf ac e ian`"av} |okno k~ kiiflei) ~oeii df zvhk~oedif |k}o kbztk~ahbfh} cat e }ftb |okno be{ fx}fhm }a 5 bah}o) at |k}o ckhf |okno be{ fx}fhm }a T~( 5)::: at |k}o da}o( 53 

>( Zfhei}{ cat kh~}kle}kah) f}n (7 Eh{ zft~ah |oa kh~}kle}f~ at khnk}f~ a}oft~ }a }e`f zet} kh) at a}oft|k~f en}~ kh cvt}oftehnf ac) e ~}tk`f at ian`"av} |okno k~ kiiflei) ~oeii df zvhk~oedif |k}o kbztk~ahbfh} cat e }ftb |okno be{ fx}fhm }a 3 bah}o~) at |k}o ckhf |okno be{ fx}fhm }a T~( 5)::: at |k}o da}o( 5( ^fic Behelfbfh}) at Ev}a Behelfbfh} ^nofbf =( \at`ft~ Tfztf~fh}e}kah ah Daetm K} ~oavim df dathf kh bkhm }oe} |ofh khmkskmvei~ etf ztaskmfm |k}o azzat}vhk}kf~ cat fxztf~~kah ehm ~oetf kh mfnk~kah"be`khl) }of{ ~oa| bvno k hk}ke}ksf ehm ennfz} tf~zah~kdkik}{ ~vd~}eh}keii{( ]of te}kaheif ac |at`ft~‛ zet}knkze}kah kh behelfbfh} ikf~ kh }oe} k} ofiz~ kh 55

Ebk}{ Ie| ^noaai) Ivn`ha| y Ehkbf~o @vbet

ntfe}khl ebahl~} }of |at`ft~ e ~fh~f ac khsaisfbfh} kh }ofkt atlehk~e}akh) e df}}ft vhmft~}ehmkhl ac }ofkt taif kh }of ~baa}o cvhn}kahkhl ac khmv~}t{ ehm ztaskmf~ }ofb e bfeh~ ac ~fic"tfeikwe}kah) }oftfd{) ztaba}khl fccknkfhn{ ehm khntfe~fm ztamvn}ksk}{(

Naiifn}ksf detlekhkhl Naiifn}ksf detlekhkhl k~ e ~avtnf ac ~aiskhl }of ztadifb~ ac fbzia{ff~ kh }of |at` ~k}ve}kah naiifn}ksfi{( K} ztaskmf~ e laam nikbe}f cat mk~nv~~khl }of ztadifb~ ac |at`ft~ |k}o }ofkt fbzia{ft~( ]of fbzia{ff~ zv} }ofkt mfbehm~ dfcatf }of fbzia{ft~ ehm }of fbzia{ft~ ei~a lksf~ nft}ekh nahnf~~kah }a }ofb( ]ov~ k} fh~vtf~ }oe} }of behelfbfh} nehha} }e`f vhkie}ftei mfnk~kah~ nahnfthkhl }of |at` klhatkhl }of |at`ft~( K} ei~a ofiz~ }of |at`~ }a enokfsf tfe~ahedif |elf~) |at`khl nahmk}kah~) |at`khl oavt~) ctkhlf dfhfck}~ f}n( K} ztaskmf~ }ofb e naiifn}ksf ~}tfhl}o }a detlekh detlekh |k}o }of fbzia{ft( K} ei~a ztaskmf~ }of fbzia{ft fbzia{ft ~abf nah}tai asft }of fbzia{ff~( ]of ztanf~~ ac naiifn}ksf detlekhkhl k~ dkzet}k}f kh he}vtf k(f() }of hfla}ke}kah~ etf df}|ffh }of fbzia{ft~ |k}oav} e }oktm~ zet}{‛~ kh}ftsfh}kah( ]ov~ naiifn}ksf detlekhkhl ~ftsf~ }a dtkmlf }of fba}kahei ehm zo{~kaialknei df}|ffh }of |at`ft~ ehm fbzia{ft~ }otavlo mktfn} mk~nv~~kah~(

Lasfthbfh} Benokhft{ ]of Bkhk~}t{ ac Iedavt ehm Fbzia{bfh} e} }of nfh}tf k~ }of `f{ elfhn{ cat }of zaikn{ catbvie}kah ehm embkhk~}te}kah kh eii }of be}}ft~ zft}ekhkhl }a iedavt( ]of ^}e}f lasfthbfh}~ |k}o }of naazfte}kah ac }ofkt iedavt mfzet}bfh}~ etf tf~zah~kdif cat }of fhcatnfbfh} }oftfac( ]of Mktfn}ate}f Lfhftei ac Fbzia{bfh} ehm ]tekhkhl /MLF]+) Accknf ac Nokfc Iedavt Nabbk~~kahft /NIN+ /Nfh}tei+) }of Mktfn}at Lfhftei ac Bkhf~ ^ecf}{ /MLB^+) }of Mktfn}at Lfhftei ac Cen}at{ Emsknf ehm Iedavt Kh~}k}v}f~) ehm Khmv~}tkei ]tkdvhei~ etf ~abf ac }of elfhnkf~ }otavlo |okno }of Nfh}tei Lasfthbfh} mk~noetlf~ mk~noetlf~ k}~ cvhn}kah~ tfie}fm }a ctebkhl ac  iedavt ie|~ ehm ~f}}ifbfh} ac khmv~}tkei mk~zv}f~( ]of Iedavt ^fntf}et{ k~ }of asfteii kh noetlf ac zaikn{ catbvie}kah ehm embkhk~}te}kah) ehm nabbk~~kahft~ ac iedavt kh }of ^}e}f~ etf }of azfte}ksf etb~ cat }of fccfn}ksf kbzifbfh}e}kah ac Iedavt Ie|~(

^}e}v}at{ Bfe~vtf~ „  Bfe~vtf~ „ Khmv~}tkei Khmv~}tkei Mk~zv}f~ En}) 5;=< ]of ^}e}f~ etf ctff }a ctebf }ofkt a|h iedavt ie|~ e~ }of iedavt ceii~ kh }of nahnvttfh} ik~}) ^abf ^}e}f~ ik`f Beoete~o}te) B(Z() V(Z( ehm Tege~}oeh oesf }ofkt a|h En}~( Kh }of tf~} ac  }of ~}e}f~) Khmv~}tkei Mk~zv}f~ En}) 5;=< ezzikf~( Oa|fsft) kh }of ^}e}f~ oeskhl }ofkt a|h En}~) }of KME) 5;=< |kii df ezziknedif }a }of khmv~}tkf~ ha} nasftfm d{ }of ^}e}f Iflk~ie}kah( Catbeii{ ehhavhnfm kh 5;=

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Navt} ac fhuvkt{ ]of Khmv~}tkei Mk~zv}f~ En}) 5;=< fbza|ft~ }of ezztaztke}f lasfthbfh} }a nah~}k}v}f e Navt} ac Fhuvkt{( ]ok~ dam{ de~kneii{ k~ e cen}"ckhmkhl elfhn{) nah~}k}v}fm gv~} }a tfsfei }of nev~f~ ac }of mk~zv}f~ ehm maf~ ha} netf bvno cat }of ~f}}ifbfh} }oftfac( ]of Navt} ac  Fhuvkt{ k~ tfuvktfm }a ~vdbk} k}~ tfzat} }a }of lasfthbfh} atmkhetki{ |k}okh ~kx bah}o~ ctab }of nabbfhnfbfh} ac fhuvkt{( ]of tfzat} ac }of navt} ~oeii df zvdik~ofm d{ }of lasfthbfh} |k}okh >: me{~ ac k}~ tfnfkz}(

Emgvmkne}kah Kc }of mk~zv}f k~ ha} ~f}}ifm d{ eh{ eh { a}oft bf}oam) }of lasfthbfh} be{ tfcft k} cat emgvmkne}kah( Ofhnf k} k~ e nabzvi~at{ bf}oam |okno ztaskmf~ cat }otff"}kft ~{~}fb cat emgvmkne}kah ac  khmv~}tkei mk~zv}f~( ]ok~ benokhft{ nah~k~}~ ac Iedavt Navt}) Khmv~}tkei ]tkdvhei~ ehm He}kahei ]tkdvhei( ]of ckt~} }|a damkf~ neh df ~f} vz fk}oft d{ ^}e}f at Nfh}tei Lasfthbfh} dv} }of He}kahei ]tkdvhei neh df nah~}k}v}fm d{ Nfh}tei Lasfthbfh} ahi{) |ofh k} }okh`~ }oe} }of ~aiv}kah ac mk~zv}f k~ ac he}kahei ~klhkcknehnf( E Iedavt Navt} nah~k~}~ ac ahf zft~ah ahi{) neiifm Ztf~kmkhl Accknft) |oa k~ at oe~ dffh e gvmlf ac e Oklo Navt}( ]of gvtk~mkn}kah ac  Khmv~}tkei ]tkdvhei k~ nabzete}ksfi{ |kmft }oeh Iedavt Navt}~) ehm cvt}oft }of Ztf~kmkhl Accknft ac ]tkdvhei neh oesf }|a e~~f~~at~ be{ df ezzakh}fm d{ }of Nfh}tei Lasfthbfh} }a ofiz k}~ Ztf~kmkhl Accknft( Iedavt Navt}~ ehm ]tkdvhei~ etf ha| tfuvktfm }a ~vdbk} e|etm }a }of ezztaztke}f lasfthbfh} |k}okh }otff bah}o~ kh ne~f ac khmkskmvei mk~zv}f~ }of ~vdbk}}fm e|etm ~oeii df zvdik~ofm d{ lasfthbfh} |k}okh >: me{~ ctab }of me}f ac k}~ tfnfkz}( K} ~oeii nabf kh}a catnf ah }of fxzkt{ ac >: me{~ ctab }of me}f kc k}~ zvdikne}kah ehm ~oeii df azfte}ksf cat e zftkam ac  ahf {fet) vhif~~ mfnietfm a}oft|k~f d{ }of ezztaztke}f lasfthbfh}(

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Ebk}{ Ie| ^noaai) Ivn`ha| y Ehkbf~o @vbet

Dkdikaltezo{  Daa`~ Tfcfttfm7

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@(M( ^tkse~}ese ) Nabbfh}et{ ac Khmv~}tkei Fbzia{bfh} /^(N(+ En}() 5;=3

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T(D( ^f}ok # T(H( M|ksfmk) Ie| ac ]temf Vhkah(

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Mt( S(L( La~|ebk) Iedavt # Khmv~}tkei Ie|~

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Eii Khmke tfzat}ft

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HEI^ET Ie| Tfskf|

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Iflei Fte

56

Ebk}{ Ie| ^noaai) Ivn`ha| y Ehkbf~o @vbet