Presentation on indian Pol Housing
Short Description
this is the presentation made on indian pole housing of around 13th century....
Description
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Pol is a dense mass of two to three storeY building made porous by small house courts, public spaces and narrow streets.
Each pol has a well-defined boundary and an entrance gate. The houses are clustered around looped or dead-end streets and sub-streets. The land is used intensely with almost all plots fully covered without any margins. The houses are oriented towards internal private courtyard. The built form generates mostly positive open spaces.
Built mass | Streets !"! ! #! # ! Open spaces
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% & ' | ( Pol housing in ahmedabad is not the result of one particular time but over the period of time various forces like # !" " aspects has evolved the form of pol.
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Instability and disordered life with insecurity in maratha period led to them the planning of pol. $ ) )& ' )
group of people of same caste or profession came together for greater interaction and formed a community to support each other.
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the hot-dry climate of ahmedabad led to the compact wall to wall clustering of house forming narrow streets which remains shsded all the time. +$ &
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stone and wood are the basic material due to its easy availability.
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| , ( & )& ' ( Primary urban structure is ruled by the river, the wall and internal network. the twelve gates on the fort wall lead streets to the centers, they are bhadra and manek chowk, the political & commercial centres.
The internal network of streets consists of commercial streets and poles formed by an arrangement of residential clusters. This suggests a system of urban spaces.
MANEK CHOWK
BHADRA FORT
POLE
The systems of urban spaces is graded in the following manner : 1st order ± bhadra ± manek chowk, central axis 2nd order ± chaklas near gates 3rd order ± at the beginning of pols 4th order ± choktha at inter ± sections of pols. 5th order ± falia in between the pol & khadki at the end of pol. 6th order ± space internal to institutional or residence.
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There are different scale of open spaces in pol housing. With different scale and location of open spaces, the definition of that open space will differ. Open spaces are connected with each other ,forming the heirarchy of open spaces. Open spaces are used for different kind of activity as per location& scale of open spaces.
Following are the different scale of open spaces. !- ./- - city level open space ). - ± public interaction at urban level. ).-. ± semi-public type of interaction at urban level. 0. - ± private type of interaction at urban level. )./- ± private space.
MANEK CHOWK
CHAKLA
CHOKTHA
KHADKEE
CHOWK
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OPEN SPACE AT CITY URBAN LEVEL. MANEK CHOCK IS LOCATED ON MAIN AXIS OF BHADRA FORT. THE CONTINOUS EDGE OF FOUR STOREY BUILT MASS OF THE SURROUNDING HOUSES LEND THE OPEN SPACE SPATIAL DEFINATION AND HUMANE SCALE. AT DAY TIME,AS THE MARKET SPACE & FOR PARKING AND AT NIGHT TIME BECOMES RECREATIONAL SPACE
WITH HAWKERS.
DAY TIME
NIGHT TIME
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) 0 public type of interaction at urban level. This place is at the junction of three main streets. Mainly commercial activities are present on periphery. Retail trading by hawkers [mainly fruits & vegetables] takes place in the centre. Constant movement of people gives higher public ness to this place. Public services like public toilets & public telephones are also provided in this area.
shops chakla shops shops
Public toilet
25m
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Street network consist of three types of streets.
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1. Main street 2. Distribution street 3. Access street
6m
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& shops
Dwelling units
Street bazaar shops Dwelling units
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9m
6m
Commercial &trade activities on main street public type of interaction at urban level. This space connects small open spaces. Most of the main entrances of poles opens on this main street.
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Distribution street connect the pol with the main street. Distribution street are more local territorialized version of street bazaar.
Beside the commercial activities they also have other social facilities & utilities. Commercial area is a part of a dwelling unit having single ownership.
The facilities and utilities depends on local context and life-style of house-hold.
9m
4.5m
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& Access streets connects the semiprivate open spaces ( khadki) with distribution street.
Entries to the dwelling units are given from the access street and the khadki. When entry to the dwelling unit is from access street, it is also used for household activities and utilities.
9m
3.0m
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Courtyard space at the junction of street is called µchoktha¶. This place highlights semi-public type of interaction at urban level. This place is at the meeting point of three subordinate streets, connecting main streets. Here also daily activities like parking, washing clothes, etc.take place on the side & occasional activities take place in the centre. Commercial activities take place in the approach from main street. The typical structure called µchabutaro¶ placed in the centre of the µchoktha¶ is a focal point.
Dwelling units
choktha
15 m
shops
Dwelling units
Dwelling units
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0 0 It is the semi private space. A narrow approach from street leads to the typical entrance gate of this place. Organization of this place consists of squarish courtyard space in the middle, & on the two sides the dwelling units faces each other. One side is the entrance gate & the other side is the buildings of shorter span used for storage & stairs.
Plan of
khadki
summer this place is used for sleeping.
This space is used for parking. Separate wash area called µchokdi¶ space. so interaction between neighbors is much more in this space. This space is strongly enclosed and defines itself from the street by the gateway.
parking in khadki
Wash area in khadki
Entry to the khadki
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ë . ! # 2" # /!2 # -! "/$3 The houses are deep with narrow frontage which opens into narrow street or semiprivate open space. Its longer sides shared wall with adjoining house which do not allow any kinds of openings. Pol houses represents strong linear arrangement & organization. The houses in pol are mainly three storey structure covering all the plot area available as permitable f.s.i. is 3.0 The facade treatment of each unit defers from each other, highlighting the individuality Minimize the surface area of house which is responding public space or street for security and privacy.
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Single space unit organized around the common open space
Unit semi-private open space
2.
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4 # . ! " In maratha period, insecurity & instability lead to the planning of pol ,so fortress kind high density planning was done. Gate is provided in the entry of the semi-private open space
unit plan
section Cluster of 6 unit
Semi-public space
Division of single space due to - increased in family & their profession & privacy and need of work space
Semi-private space Private space Unit semi-private open space
unit
plan
section
Cluster of 6 unit
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4 # . ! " Semi-public
3.
Open space becomes the central space for light & ventilation also acts as a transition space between semipublic & public spaces
space Semi-private
space semi-private open space
private open space
Private space
plan
section
4. Due to the mixing of cast in one cluster concept of private open space introduced.
semi-private private open unit open space space
plan
section
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&,| ' ' DUE TO THE PYSICAL LOCATION
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HOUSE ALONG THE STREET
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HOUSE AT A JUNCTION
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HOUSE FACING STREET AND SEMI-OPEN SPACES
THE NARROW FAÇADE OPENS INTO THE STREET,THREE WALLS ARE SHARED WITH ADJUSTANT PROPERTY.
TWO FACADES ARE FACING THE STREET,SO LIGHT & ventilation is
PRIVACY IS MORE
need for open space acts more as socio-cultural activity than as the COMMERCIAL CAN BE PROVIDED ON STREET light well & vent shaft SIDE.
OPEN SPACE ACTS AS LIGHT WELL & VENT SHAFT
more Privacy is decreased
ENTRY TO THE HOUSE IS FROM SEMI-PUBLIC SPACE & THE BACK FAÇADE IS FACING THE STREET.
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Spatial elements of pol house Otta:
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- front part of the house " which connects house to # " the street or semi-public ./-. -!! open space. " " # - it is used for sitting , generates interaction between the neighbors.
Khadkee
- semi-private space which receives strangers & guests. - staircase is provided in this part.
Chowk
- central open to sky space, which connects all the activities in the house. - it serves as the light well & ventilation shaft.
Osri - the semi-open space around chowk is known as osri.
Parsal - semi-open passage which is used by the women for multipurpose activities
- kitchen is provided in parsal, if house is narrow
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- pooja room, paniyaru, bathroom, kitchen is provided around the chowk in semi-open space.
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Baithak
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- the space above the otta & khadkee is called baithak.it is used as guest room or family room
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Agasi or lobby
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- semi-open or open spaces provided ,overlooking to the chowk. Also protects the ordo from direct sunlight.
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- It is used as bedroom. Heirarchial order in type of spaces remains constant in a sequantial manner from the street.
Semi-public space Semi-private space Private space
Ground floor plan First floor plan "!! ! #! # ! #! # ! ! #! # ! !!
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WHEN THE UNIT IS FACING DISTRIBUTER STREET AS WELL AS SEMI-PUBLIC SPACE, THE ENTRY IS PROVIDED FROM SEMI-PUBLIC SPACE FOR SECURITY & PRIVACY PURPOSE - UNDER GROUND WATER TANK IS PROVIDED UNDER THE FLOOR OF THE CHOWK.
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) !" . ! " Three walls are common,so reduces surface area exposed to the sun. only shorter façade is open for light & ventilation
Chowk provides porousity to the built mass.It also gives sense of openness. Chowk provides more surface area responding to the open space for light & ventilation
Chowk also acts as vent shaft sucks the hot air from the house ,providing thermal comfort in hot-dry climate. The balcony & projections acts as a buffer protecting inner spaces from direct sunlight & hot winds.
Chowk-private open space
Public open space
Wood & stone as a material also helps in maintaining comfort level. Use of jali also provides protection from hot wind.
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"" 2! ! #! # ! . ! "
Width is less open space along the longer side Inner most space ordo cannot get sufficient light, so it is more used as storeroom. Open space acts as light well & ventilation shaft
Open space along the common wall
Width is more
Need of Open space Open space in middle gives more is not as light well or flexibility in vent shaft arrangement of It is more interaction ancillary spaces. space for family Providing built form Cross ventilation on both the side from two side walls gives more spaces benefit of open space.
Open space in middle connects all the activities and act as a focus point. Light & ventilation is highest as two sides are also open.
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% " # ! " .! #! # ! Spaces which have maximum activity are arranged around the open space and near to street for more light and ventilation.
Kitchen, paniyaru, pooja room, bathroom are provided around the open space.
Factors affecting arrangment of spaces around open spaces
Width of house Users personalization Social& cultural
forces
Size of open space
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All the service areas are provided around the open space & near to the street because of the restrictions of material & technology.
Toilets are provided near to the street for easy services as they are provided in later parts in most of the cases. Position of toilet depends on personal & social factors.
Bathrooms are provided on the upper levels, near to the street or open area.
toilet
Entry to the toilet from the otla
Approached internally from khadki
If joint family and different users at different levels
When family is nuclear.
It is provided in the khadki Most of the times when house form is at junction
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| 6! #"#" . ! " Pole houses has some scale & proportions. The ratio between the depth of house[x] and frontage[y] varies most
X:1.5y to 3.6y Depth[x] & height[h] ratio
X:1.5h to 1.6h
Variation in Height & frontage ratio leads to the difference in proportion of facades
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7 1 1 DOOR WITH SQUARE AND RECTANGULAR PANELS BREAK MONOTONY OF THE FAÇADE WINDOWS WERE RECCESED WITH JALI WORK FOR PRIVACY AND CLIMATICALY IT CUTS DOWN THE INTENSE HOT WIND ENTERING THE HOUSE. Sill level is around Sill level is around 1.7to2.0m allowing 1.5m from the road only one way level.gives lower movement. gives degree of privacy. higher degree of Section through privacy. Section through access distribution street street DOOR PLACEMENT
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USABLE AREA IS MORE PRIVACY IS NOT MAINTAINED ON AXIS
GIVES MORE PRIVACY USABLE AREA IS LESS
SPACE IS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS
PRIVACY IS LESS.
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) & )& & ) , STONE & WOOD WERE BASIC MATERIAL DUE TO AVAIBILITY OF THE MATERIAL. WOODEN SKELETON WAS INFILLED WITH STONE OR MUD MASONARY. ALL FACADES WERE FINISHED WITH WOODEN PANELS WHICH MADE THE SUPER STRUCTURE LIGHTER. WOODEN STRUCTURE WAS PREFERRED DUE TO ITS WEATHER RESISTANCE AND LOW MAINTANANCE.
LOAD BEARING WALLS AND POSTBEAM CONSTRUCTION FIRST FLOOR PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
SPANNING IS DONE ON NARROW SIDE IN FRONT PART POST & BEAM CONSTRUCTION WITH WOODEN BRACKETS ARE USED
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THE FAÇADE OF THE POL HOUSE - STREET FAÇADE - CHOWK FAÇADE THEY WERE IN WOOD WITH EXQUISITE CARVINGS DEPICTING RELIGIOUS SYMBOLES, FLORAL MOTIVES AND GEOMETRIC PATTERNS. BALCONIES WERE SUPPORTED BY THE WOODEN BRACKETS WHICH WERE CARVED. FAÇADE ELEMENTS LIKE BEAM, BRACKETS, COLUMNS,DOOR & WINDOW CARVING GIVE THE INDIVIDUALITY TO EACH DWELLING. THE COLLONADES ARE THE INTEGRAL PART OF STREET FAÇADE, BRACKETS AND COLUMNS REDUCE THE VISUAL SCALE. THE ARRANGEMENT OF WINDOWS IN THE FRONTAGE BRINGS THE HORIZONTALITY BREAKING THE VERTICALITY OF COLLONADES.
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POL HOUSING HAS ADVANTAGES LIKE
CLIMATE HEIRARCHY OF OPEN SPACES WHICH ARE ACTIVELY USED BECAUSE OF ITS SCALE &PROPORTION INDIVIDUALITY TO EACH HOUSE STILL CONTINUATY IN FAÇADE
TREATEMENT PRIVACY & SECURITY CIRCUMSTANCES IN PRESENSE LEADS TO THE
TRAFFIC PROBLEM
NEW CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL & TECHNOLOGY LEADS TO THE DISCONTINUITY IN FAÇADE,SCALE & PROPORTION OF POL HOUSING
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