Prepare Yourself for the BAC Exam - Carte pregatire competente lingvistice engleza

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Structura examenului de bacalaureat la limba englezi Evaluarea competenteror ringvistice ra rimba engreza se face prin trei tipuri de probe:

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proba de in{eregere a unui text audiat cu durata de 20 de minure; proba scrisd cu durata de 120 de minute; proba orald cu durata de .10_15 minute.

l. Proba de intetegere a unui text audiat candidatii audiazd doud texte autentice in rimba standard: . unul de dificultate redusd, cu durata de circa 2 minute; . al doilea de dificultate medie, cu durata de 3_4 minute.

ll. Proba scrisd cuprinde doud pdr[i: a) Prima parte evalueazd competenla de receptare a unui text citit. pe bazaa doud texte-suport, candidatii rdspund unui numdr de intrebdri. primul text, pe o tematicd accesibild' are dimensiunireduse gi un grad-redus de comptexitaie. Aldoilea text, pe o tema de interes generar, este mai amplu, av6nd un grad o" .orpr"*itate mai ridicat. b) Partea a doua evalueazd competenla de producere a unui mesal scris. Candidalii au de redactat

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ANSWER:

HELP PARAGRAPHS

MODEL

Sequence of events creating the atmosphere

GRAMMAR DOs;

Life can be full of surprises!

Title

Catching the reader's attention and setting the scene of the story

HELP

PERSONAL NARRATIVE/ STORY

I have never considered myself a strong guy, ready to fight io defend my principles, but what happened last week at the local Post Office definitely changed my opinion about myself. It was around lunch time, on a sunny day and I was queuing to the cashier counter to collect my monthly allowance. I wasn't paying too much attention to what was happening around me because I was making plans on how to spend the money.

Suddenly, my attention was caught by the slowly moving hand of a young man who seemed to be waiting in the queue just like me. His hand had a very strange trajectory, towards no apparent point of interest. Or at least this is what I thought, because Various the interesting destination was the schoolbag of a connectors B-year old girl whose mobile phone could be seen through one of the openings.

ljust couldn't believe my eyes! But he indeed picked the phone delicately with two fingers, pulled it out without anyone noticing anything and put it into his own pocket. lt was just too much for me. When I saw him ready to leave, ljumped at him shouting to give the mobile phone back to the little girl. Everybody

else started to yell at him too, hands stretched to grab him, when unexpectedly, the litile girl stopped us all.

She explained that the young man was her elder brother and that he couldn't have tried to steal it from her. But the young man smiled and said that he was actually trying to teach her a lesson, because it had happened to her so many times before to have her things stolen. Needless to sav that I was feeling both embarrassed

and furious while listening to their story. But An unexpected ending

16

everything changed when the young man started to shake my hand, thanking me for my behaviour.

The end? | found some wonderful friends and started to feel more confident and proud about myself. After all, I had the chance to prove that I am not just "anybody" and I didn't miss it!

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Qfropte" 2 - HOW TO ruru trfrtQflvtrLY A. SUBIECT

CRITERIA OF EVALUATION The reading paper consists of two parts: one fexf followed by five multiple choice questions for the A1-A2level, and a second texf followed by ten multiple choice questions for the 81-82level. Candidates are required to solve both the first and the second task. In real life, people read in different ways according to the purpose they have. lf they want to know the price of a car, they will surely scan the classified ads in the newspaper. lf they

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have just received an e-mail from their best friend, they will probably skim it to see what it is about.

These two reading strategies, scanning and skimming, are very important in real life situations and they will be come in handy during the examination.

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Scanning is reading quickly to find specific information. Your focus here is to find a certain detail.

Skimming is reading quickly through a text to understand the main ideas and get an overview. Your focus here is to get the main idea of the text. To perform the examination tasks successfully, you have to use both scanning and skimming.

Below you can read the marking scheme for this part of the test, used for the

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the answer for each sentence' scan the text and mark the part where you will find answer' correct the choose and Read this part of the text carefully

.Yourknow|edgeofthesubjectisnotimoortant.Sticktothetextl .Doub|e-checkyouranswersbeforeyouwritethemontheexamSheet.

6V' Are you ready? Let's check your answers: l) AHswens: 1. A (,,Her Majesty's Theatre is a

west End theatre, located in the Haymarket' in the city

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"Government assurances last year that childhood obesity levels were

levelling off have been found to be sadly wanting. Any hope that whitehall may rrave had for a quick fix to the epidemic has been shattered bytoday's figures," .uiJ Fry, chairman of the child Growth Foundation

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and spokesman for the National obesity Forum, which represents doctor nurses and dieticians involved in obesity.

"The fact that obesity doubles during the primary school years from reception year shows that the Department of Education must rethink iis recent iiopor.r, on school dinners and physical activity.

some experts fear that the true prevalence

of childhood obesity may be even worse because some of the g% of children who did not take purt *Lr" not measured because their parents did not want their offspring's serious oo"ritf to be identified. The NCMP measures the height and weight of children in reception class and year 6 in primary schools in England to establish how many pupils are classed as ,,underureight,,, "hearthy weight", "overweight" and "obese". The'figur", giu"-u iJ;v i,l.ruru, of att eligible pupils - over one mittion in at- iook part tast year, the targest

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Tim straughan, chief executive of the NHS Information centre, said: ,,The study suggests that weight problems continue to be far worse for older chirdren than for younger children,

with one in three year 6 pupils being either overweignt or ;iese and nearty five obese. These statistics suggest that more nLeds to be done-at a younger age to combat obesity within primary education and to positively encourage hearthy eaung and participation rn physical activity, to reduce future hearth imprications for these chirdren.,,

Paul sacher, a paediatric dietician and co-founder of Mend, a social enterprise that provides healthy lifestyle programmes for children ."ro., ft'u UK, said the new dara showed yet again that there is a "childhood obesity crisL'i wrricrr is worsening. ,,lt is extremely concerning

that childhood obesity is on the increase ano action must be taken to reverse this worrying trend." said Sacher. "with nearly onu in ft,r"" children overweight or obese in the UK, more needs to be done to protect the health of our nation,s children and avoid the short and long-term financial burden of child otesity on NHS at this criticar

time we hope that these figures will urge the government to invest in further healthy Iiving programmes as a solution to the crisis,,, Dr Helen

walters of the UK faculty of Public Health said that the small year-on year Increases "indicate that we are halting the rise (in childhood obesity). But the situation will take decades to sort out and, as iistands, the picture remains break. (www.guardian.co.uk)

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1. The new NHS report reveals that

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more than a third of children leaving primary school are overweight or obese. a quarter of chirdren reaving primary schoor are overweight or obese. D. a third of the chirdren starting primary schooiuiu ou".,i",ght or obese. A. the B. the C. the D. the

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ignore the problem. not take in further action. try to deal with the problem. call health experts.

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Prepare yourself for the BAC exam

3. According to a law in Ancient Greece A. Greeks were al{owed to throw garbage in the street. B. people weren't allowed to throw garbage in the street. C. only civilized people were allowed to throw garbage in the street. D. only women were allowed to throw garbage in the street. 4. The more civilized a country is,

A. the better its means of transport are. B. the better its citizens live. C. the more garbage it produces. D. the more prosperous its economy is. 5. Prosperity in America means A. buying old stuff at low prices. B. winning the lottery. C. continually buying. D. piling up old stuff. 6. Throwing things away is not only a matter of filling up space, but also A. a demographic one. B. a cultural one. C. a religious one. D. an ecological one.

7. Big companies are comparable to some people, in the fact that they both were A. dishonest. B. thirty.

C. irresponsible. D. corruot.

8. Chemical companies poisoned the ground not only by dumping wasie in rivers, but also by A. fishing in vacant lots. B. depositing them at random. C. causing poisonous rain. D. throwing away building materials.

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Prepare Yourself for the BAC exam

DON'Ts:

.Don'tgotothebeginningofthetextforeachquestionyouhavetoanswer'Thisis awasteoftimesincethequestionscomeintheorderoftheinformationinthetext. .Don,t|eaveanyquestionsunanswered,lfyoudon'tknowtheanswer,takeaguess. .Don,tpanicifyoucannotdecidewhichansweristhecorrectone.Moveonand come back later' . Don't write two answers for the same question' the exam sheet! ' Don't forget to transfer your answers to TEST HOW TO PREPARE FOR THE READING

scanning-li:-'t::: . Read as widely as you can' trying to use skimming and magazlnes' newspapers' t"uOing part comb from different sources: selected for the blogs, websites anJ

of texts. The

with these types lt would be useful for you to be familiar are just a few Below "o"on. rlsources. internet offers us a wealth of

suggestions:

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px/ m i s' htm http://fi ctio n ch a n n e l'tri p od' com/ i

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hftpt/www.bO".iojuW*orld{ervice/tearningenglish/language/wordsinthenews/

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aql ro] posn'(Zg-Ly elecs) uexe Ourleads eq1 rol euaqcs burlreur .i 'e1q;ssod "q1 "r"f 1enal lsaq6rq oql Jo] seapuroql pue osrno3srp Jrorj] q10q esrue6:o ojoloraq] ue: {eq1 'pessasse aq o} sr rro^ rraql ,{em aq} Jo oJe^ e aq plnoqs sruopn}s ,crdo} reln3rf ec

e alrcel o1 6uryels arolag ',{l6urp.locce palue:0 slurod Jaqurnu .pue pal30dse. e Jo aq ol o^eq ]eq] salnJ lo ]os e rq perueduJocce sr uexe ourleeds all] roj 1se1 r.ren;

NO[Vn-lvn3

sslualnt ojl$/fds uexa OVg

aqy

nl gastnol

lo

vtu=tl.lu9

pue uo

e^ol

e

'ssan6 e olei j3 ']xal aLll ut uorle

ol Mofl - e Jefdoq.)

s!

slql

'leMSue

:

arcda.t4

Prepare Vourself for the BAC exam

Nivelul de competenlS se va acorda in funclie de punctajul obfinut, dupi cum

urmeazd:

A1:

11- 30 puncte

*hsm rle

A2: 31- 60 puncte B1: 61- 80 puncte 82: 81-100 puncte

$trfiur@ s],,m 1...............r

lNrenaclrullea onnlA (Plnrrcrnnnee u coruvenselre) Calitatea interactiunii : . stabilegte un contact social adecvat situaliei folosind formule de adresare potrivite .

100 de puncte 60 de puncte

de

comunicare, 10 puncte

face fa{d dialogului, reaclionAnd prin rdspunsuri adecvate, solicitand ldmuriri, reformuland o parte din ceea ce a spus astfel, cd urmdregte firul discutiei

. oferd informatiile solicitate, exprimdndu-gi sentimentele/ justificdnd/ argumentAndu-gi punctul de vedere in legdturd cu subiectul

discutiei

. produce un discurs clar, coerent, subliniind relatiile intre idei prin folosirea conectorilor adecva{i Gorectitudine gramaticali: . folosegte corect forme gi structuri gramaticale . folosegte forme gistructurigramaticale variate

Vocabular:

subiectului

Pronunlie:

. are o pronuntie gi o intonalie corecte gi firegti . se exprimd fluent

r

pryftff trd

"nffLmlmi tl nnmffi fgEmd uffiffi r- a pa

mLalr,r :fi\e

tT.il*€:!-dr

t#ecn i lge are sc lrarua-ret

exam inatorul pentru a oferi continuitate schimbu lui verbal, ardt6nd,

. folosegte un vocabular variat gi adecvat . folosegte corect termenii lexicali

$ll

20 puncte

1 20 puncte 10 puncte

STUPLE

(

fumrer thc fileS: . =i'ec

il

'easr

15 puncte 5 puncte 10 puncte

3o'ri.]ml

:e

tot . Use'm . Use cr

15 puncte 10 puncte

.lnden

5 puncte 10 puncte 5 puncte S puncte

. There opiniol

'*ith at . Be pol

offensi

Nivelul de competenli se va acorda in functie de punctajul oblinut, dupi cum urmeazi: A1: 11- 30 puncte A2: 31- 60 puncte 81: 61- 80 puncte 82: 81-100 puncte

$

Succesr

re

feel hap

$

Suecesr

Ves.ldo.Ir

\o.

l'm afra rut of myse

b)

Suceesr

i definitely lr ,'nusic and t

30

te

'LUrl]AqJ elll pue spunos aLli oullaoJ ]o alnseald oq] pue slsnul lnoLlltl alll aq plno/\A ejtl leqM autoeut ol lueM ua^a l,uop I ioutcuep a^ol

:

:c

^lo]ruuap usn sNV O3rs3C9nS 4Q 'Jlas^ul ]o ]nc

lool e olelu ol lue^ ],uop I pue locuep poo6 e ]ou ul,l ]eql

Iultll | '],uop I plelle

:q

u3MsNV

Lu,l

Olrss9cns

'o\

+

'un] a^eq pue xelal o] IeM poo6 e osle sl ]l pue cllsltulldo ',IddeLl loal o; 'op | 's4." soleut ]t asnecoq uotsesco fuene uo pue Iep fuana lsotule flutcuep {o[ua 1 :P UsMSNV O31S3C9nS G,

pue splog a^lsue#o ino^ ]noqe uotssaldujl peq e aieals {eu leq} suolssoJdxa pto1e 'oS 'JeL.lceo] e sl loincopolul lnol se Jolslbol leuloj-lulas e asn pue olllod og . :rolncollolut JnoI ocul^uoc o] Joplo ul sluaulnOle q]!/v\ 'uoluldo tt loddns ol pue [1rea|c l at^ Jo ]utod Jno^ a]e]s ol sl ]ueuodul sl ]eqM JnoI sso:dxo ol no^ altnboJ suollsonb oql se slaMSUe poull'lJialapald ou oJe aloL1l '

oleu o] pue seapl lno{

^qM

pue soouoluos Jno{

unc Pdnp 'in alsuno g o]3und g

alcund 0L a]3un0 g

:poolsrepun

lutod lno^

alcuno 0 |, atcund g L

lull o] Slolcauuoc esn.

ls6urleel pue Oulcuep o] paleloJ sploM asn ' :crooi

olsund

aL{}

lnoqe 6utql^ue MouI ],uop no^ leql uolsso1dLul oql aleals pue MoU uolieslunLUuJoc or.ll osolc o] puoi leLll sJoMSue lJol1s o^t6 Jo^aN 'suolleueldxa pue suoseel r.lltM sral sue Jno^ ,,dn ssatp,, s{emle '(adi! ouTse{) pesolc sl uol}sanb aq} }l uo^f .. :olah abulcuep fofue no^ oO :uollsanb 6u1mo11o; aql ralr\suv

alou IqM /

U3MSNV TUOHS'NOllSSnO

0

|,

a]3uno g

olsund alcund

g

0

L

L

olcun0 0z

l'ldhlls 't olcund 0z

:uJexa oleaJnelec3€: oq] le acuoladuloc 6u1>1eads oql loJ pallnbal slse] oql Jo saldulexa oLUos oJe e,3'suollsanb oql ul o] p3.jre,:uo paseq uolle$onuoc e ul Ued $urlel Jo fillcedec s,alenper6 aqi - I' sctdo] oq] lle lo puocas aq] 'slqt ol uolilppe ul 'uolleclunuluoc {ue 1o ulle ell} A11er:::: paluel$ st apeJ$^ue -" st qotLl^ 'lolncopalut arl] ol a6essaui ]tl6ll oql puos ol lapJo ul AeM Jelnclped e ul L'sLualqoJd s]t pue {iercos ,s^epe^ ou o} pa}eleJ 3 ::lleop oq ol palcedxa st uaql Jo r.lcef :uolle.-slln3uJlp aJoul e uo Jo6sue o^ls1ncslp.lo a^lleluouln$le padola1ap e'e lsel uorls e lo uotlducsop uoqs e'z Isel lra6eueal B,o ajtl {lrep aq1 ol psielal uorlsa-: 'olenper$

alcuno

0

L

aleund ap 0g olcund op 001

loc-:: oldruls e o] lo^ sue loqs e 'L Isel :$ulMolloJ aql Aluleul sl u$lsop JloLlI per.ulo;-rad aq o1 polcadxo sctdo] ]o a6ueJ aptM e uo slse] aolLll ale o.r3-q6lq e

Iq

SU:IMSNV OSISSC90S ONV SYSVI

urnc ednp '.lnu

wexa CVg at4 n1 gesLnoA arcdat4

Prepare yourself for the BAC exam

2. SHORT DESCRIPTION/ SHORT NARRATION

Describe someone in Your familY' Help: . There are no predetermined answers so you can describe any member of your family. What is important is to state your point of view clearly and support it with arguments to convince your interlocutor; . Use words related to physical appearance and personality; . Use connectors to link your sentences and your ideas and make your point understood;

. Be polite and use a semi-formal register as your interlocutor is a teacher. So, avoid offensive words and expressions that may create a bad impression about you! . This is supposed to be a short answer yet a developed one, so try to organise your answer using details, but not too many.

b)

SueeesrED ANSwER al

I'd like to describe my baby brother. He is the newest member of my family. We didn't expect him to appear, but I am very happy to have him with us. He is only 6 months old, fair-haired with blue eyes, but my mother said their colour may change soon. He is extremely cute and silent for a baby, totally different from what mom said about me when I was his age.

b) Succesreo nrusweR b: Well, I think I'm going to talk about my mother. She is about forty years old, quite tall and looking young and athletic at the same time. She used to be a sportswoman and hasn't actually given up having some training every now and then. She is a very determined person who doesn't usually take no for an answer. That's why we argue almost every day and I have to admit that very often she is right. But not all the time. And this is what I like most about her: she knows to concede when she is wrong, so our relationship is always great.

$

SucoesrED ANSwER cl

I have a big family with a lot of relatives, but the person l'd like to describe is my uncle. Actually, the youngest of my uncles. He is my mother's only brother, he is in his mid-twenties and he is extremely handsome: tall, black-haired, dark green eyes but with a fair complexion. Everybody looks at us when I go somewhere together with him. Of course he notices this, but doesn't seem to care very much. He says that you can always find people to admire your outer beauty, but not everybody sees inner beauty. I guess these things show how wise he can be, but I also wonder if he'd talk like that if he didn't look so great.

32

OE

obessour e puos o] iersea sr ]r pue pauroM Jo pole]rOe 'snoruou 'Asnq ere aldoa6 - :;. eM se uauo se uorlesJa^uoc ocej-o]-ocej e o^eq o] ]lncuJrp os sr ]r 'pueq raqlc 3_- _ 'alrsuo;Jo eq sanssr pro^e osle uec nort 'Jolncopalur rnol 1o uorss:- - , lqbrLr ]eLl] 'sprom rnoA eq1 bur6pnt ,tq uorluour ol burueeu aq] ure d::: - leql ]oN 1o lear sllelap arou q]rm dn euoc sAem;e uec no{ '}ods eq} uo sproM lqOr: eq1 puU }ou ',= - lr uaAS 'poolsrapun Jopoq JlasJno{ eleu uec no{ uor}ecrunuruJoc icerp ,(q ,,: - - -=. ']qnop ioJ r.r-rool so^eal srql A11ue - : ; . = pue burssrLu ore sueoLu osall] 'sosec rallio oLl] lle ul 'uo os pue ]uaua^our e{a s:- -.. 'suorsserdxa;erce1 'e6en6uel ,{poq se qcns'ebessau }cailoc ol1j poo}srep-- : no,( ernsse o1 subrs,{ueur are araq}'auoauos oi ooel-o}-acej Ile} noi{ ueqnn'lle -- .: 'spoqlau Jaqlo ueq] ralloq pue 'lrels olll uorJ lerluossa sr uorleclu. * -o3e]-ol-aceJ a^orlaq 1{qrn sr srr..lf '}uaunOre ue o}ur uJn} uec uor}esla^uoo alc-', pue pelardrelursrur eq o] eapr a16urs e rol qDnoue s,]l 'sror.llo aq] Lllli!\ 6urlecrur^** ur sJolunoouo ouo solcelsqo aql sr srq] ol 6urpeel osnec luepodrur ue pue oraq',''-= slcrlluoc pue ecuolor^ alll sr purru ur o^eq e e]rnD auo3aq s:lleqM'anssr lercnr3 'uooq s{enn;e sell uor}ecrunurluoc Moq Moul 2 = {;luecar o^orlaq lueyodu.rr leq} }nq | :ufMsNv o31s3ccns lle] o] 'ra^o /ssolce 1nd o1 '1no leeds o1 'uo ssed o1 'dn {:p o] ']no ouroc o] 'sso.rce (a6es

uo]]rJM'leqJo^'leqJo^-uou '

;euos:ad:a1u r'ace;-o]-eceJ

'Ienn-om1 '.rood 'poob 'anrlca#a :sanrlcefpy

-saLu aq1) 1eO o1 '1no

!nlq

o]

:sqJaA leserqd

polsod euoeuos deel o1 'a6esseu aqi la6 oi'1urod aq] oi te6 ol'aur pue no{ ueamloq lsnf 'aurnederO eq1 uo lr reoq o1 ',tpoqatuos Joj pjo^ pooO e urlnd o1 'tlsnq aql punore leaq o] '1seqc rno{ go ]r tab ol 'lleM louq e ol Ilel o]

ldioms: behind the times, like chalk and cheese, as cool as a cucumber, doubting Thomas, down to earth, eager beaver, as fresh as a daisy, heart of gold, laughing stock, a larne duck, proud as a peacock, rough diamond, as lrard as nails

Persnnality - negative traits:

General appearance:

annoying, arrogant, callous, cowardly, deceitful, defianl, greedy, grumpy, gullible, ignorant, lazy. mean, narve, nasty, ruthless, secretive, selfish, self-centered, smug, snobbish, tick-skinned, tiresome, vengeful, weak, wicked

cute, good-looking, handsome, attractive, gorgeous, charming, bewitching, radiant, ravishing

Ito fit in. tc I lwith. to ;;:

Itnnothor- '^

Itell off. ic c up tc' llook It +^ r^ -^t, luou^

luo Age:

amusing, ambitious, brave, bright, cheerful, confident. deterrnined, diligent. energetic. fair, faithful, frank, gentle, industrious, jolly, loyal, kindhearted, proud, wise, self-assured, shrewd, thottghtful, trustworthy, witty

newborn, baby, toddler, teenager, young adult, elderly, middle-aged, senior citizen in his/ her early/ mid/ late thirties in his teens to be/ come of age, under age to bel turn/ reach 23146/ Bg

Describing people

Eyelashes: arched, thin,

Height: shorl, of medium

thick, bushy Nose: snub, pointed, hooked, straight, curved, crooked Mouth: wide, small, tiny, full/ thin lips, crooked teeth Chin: pointed, square, dimpled, double

height, tall Build: well-built, slim, skinny, chubby, plump, ovenveight, obese, broad-shouldered, muscular Hair: straight, curly, wavy, cropped, loose, in a tail, in a bun, (to go) baid

Face: oval, round, square, long, heart-shaped, lined, wrinkled

Complexion: pale, tanned, fair-skinned, dark-skinned Cheeks: rosy, chubby, high cheek-bones Eyes: hazel, biddy, sparkling, almond-shaped, piercing, wa-

*

It^ .^r lnt, ra

unattractive, plain, ugly

Personality - positive traits:

tan/

tFhras"l

LU. rJ

for

l]/erbs&ohr* I

lln F.nnrl uvr ru, tn lv nn LU l(v

lnave an argur Ito contradict lforo ln men^

t'"""""'"'to neg: Inorse,

-' lhlp t"'",'- in frr rqi to sc lcomfort, I

lFamilv - k t' lhlank ch,- ' t"'"""""'"' lflesh anc : broc lfamily, |,^,^+^' +^ h' lvvdLUI, tv L I L^^^^ t uduul I, +^ LU ' I

lchip off tre I I I

w

irooplaq ,{lrule1aq1 ut oq ol laue

alel

o1

,r{1lr_uej

aq11o ped aq o1 ,6ur6uuqdn

'ostel o] 'dn 6ullq o1 de6 uorl -e:eua6 'ppqc iiluo ue ,asnodi 'sbur;qrs {puel 1ru1-eso1c eotcnu

-

7e6:e1 76rq /papualxa

7.l

:{1lueg paau ut puoll1 e ,sece;d ^ ul spuou} rlolr.{ s^eq ol 'puauJ JoqleaM-Jtej'satppnq ujosoq

Ioolq plo aql go drqr e 'lsau eq] a^eai 72i11 o1 ,uoceq or_l) orroq 6uuq o1 ,:e1e,u ueq] ral3tLl] st poolq ,I11Lue1

spuatJ1 {e1s o1 Tureu

-aJ o] /auo3aq o] /a)ieLU o] puau; 6uo1e1r1 7p1o Tlercads Tonrl Tpoo6 /]saq 7.rBop /asotc

aq] ut unJ o] 'poolq pue qseI {Lu '{1rr"ue; eq1lo diqs 1celq :sruotpl - {1lure3

spua!rJ

drqspusu; e {e:1aq o} AcaJM 7ltods o1 7{o_rlsap o} /}uarrr o1

-e3 o] /dn

_

o)tjls oi /oleuj o]

sdrqsuorlelaU

dtqspuatJ]

6ur1se1-6uo1 76uo1a;r1

ploss ol ,uojujos ol 'ut qltei a^eq 01 ,]snjl o] 'alq -LUesoJ oi 'a1er1o6au o] astou s,auo alod o] 'alppau ol 'aloJ -ialut o] 'r_lsel3 ol 'lctpejlu03 oi 'la:Jenb

Tdaaf

/oleu.ltlut lssolc /lnJtlneoq :dlqspuau3

/ulossolq

of iueuln6.:e ue aneu

o1 'esrLuo:du.ro3

ol ,puoq ol

:saselqdXsq.ra4

Iorls o] 'o1 dn puels ol .ol

sdrqsuorle;ar

f |,i I t

ir

|,u

,xuur

eoe:an'; -rrq1 aler UAZllra ..

i

[-

13eq

>1ool o] 'ol dn a^ll o1 ,oi dn 1oo1 o1 'Ouoie 7uo 1a0 o1 ,go lpej ,.laq1a6o1

d;qsuo1;e1e.r

I

| '''"'o | 'snc l-n

6uuq o1 'teq1a6o11a6 o1,qir,rn

lno llej ol 'rotje aIEt ot ,ul lij o] 'reno 1eD

| lL

l-; I

|

|I ,r,,^^,^

lrrlrePlu

L_

;o; dn

Japunou

/uas.ro^ 76uo.rm o6 Tuadaap Tiseg

ol 'uaa^^loq auo3 ol

pllqclua:ed lsleL.l-onol 76ur:ec 76ul1se1-6ur,ll /asol3

7ft-u:ois /llnciJ]!p 76uo"r1s 7poo6

ol

L

o1 'uo {;a"r /}unoo ol :sqJan lcseJqd

sru:a1 poo6 uo aq o] ,JoJ lods ilos e a^eq o] ']aq3lel.l eq1 F:nq o1 ,aIa o1 ela aes pue Il] q6no.rq1 ,pod e

'ulr..l]

,altJ

ur sgad on l oltl uo esnoll P o).ltl uo 1a0 o1 ,qlnoLu:noi{ ur uoods lonlts e qll,rn utoq aq oj

:sulolpl

Technology-related

id

iomsl

to hit the airwaves, to oe on

the same wavelength, to get your wires crossed, light years anead, rocket science

Television;

Nouns:

to broadcasV screen sth, to receive extensive television coverage, to tune in, to turn on/ off, to turn up, to zap, to flick through, to switch/ turn to, audience, viewers, newsreader, forecaster

breakthrough, innovation, devetopment, invention, discov_ ery finding, research, a big step foruvard, leap, improvement, technophobe, technophile

rc;;r*;

do up .- 11 Ito lI +^ +^1.^ lT tu td^e

L^g

Ithing on. ic : ldown. to z : lpullon, tc s lwrap

sonreisome.-

lwrap Computers:

Adjectives + technology: current, present-day, the latest, modern, advanced. low. complex, state-ofthe art, sophisticated technology

to switch on/ off, to log on/ off, to hold/ to store sth on computer,

to crash, to be down/ uo to be addicted, compuier addict to go on/ to surf the Internet. to browse the web, spam, to

Technology

hack into, to google domething

Machine/ appliance/ devicel gadget to break down, to be out of order, to fix = to iron out, to be as good as new, to work properly, io plug in, to unplug

lEtytei--develop/ tc '

Ito lstvle, to add :: la ioucrr of st:,...:: lchic, stylish lable, old-fas" : ldressed, bac .,lsporty,

scruf;'

r

lelted

Verbs: to create, to devise, to design, to develop, to conceive, to invent, to launch, to improve, to Innovate, to rely/ depend on technology allows/ enables

lcl.ciil':E sr lelegan?

a

lordinaryr ce:

traooed big"gy/ I

toc

lround/ V

s:

ic:

I short-slee,

I

e:

loff-the-peg icustom-n1ar: Collocations: to do/ carry out an experimenV research, to make a breakthrough, advances in science/ technology, a tech-sawy person, to have a technical mind

44

9?

(edeqs '.rnoloc) ]tns oi ,(ezrs) 1J

ol 'q]lm o6 o1 'qcleuL

o1

,1o

]no /olut eOueqc ol 'posso;p 'sselp o] ,;esm oj

leb

o1

:sqJan

'rollos-puol] 'puajl

-

saLllols apei!-uJolsns

{pue.r1 B

'arnseeu-ol-opeul,6ed-aq1-31o -ssalo^o3ls' po^aals-uoqs ^ 76uo1 7 lcau-(o1od) 4 Tpunor 6ur11r1-aso;c 4qOrr Tasooi ixooeq pe66el 7{qqeqs /}ua3ap 7,,{:eurpro

los ol

puaJl ul|lctA /snotss].jOC l0utL

-eOeu TleuOlsep nooqs /plJoM /osnoq Trtlsnpur 7{ueduoc /laqel /^ or]s /lepou uolqsel

/lensec gcuel /Ueus 4ue6e1a :sanllcefpy - saqlolO

r

|

".,^,, I ;;

I

|

ol'a^orl -ut

ol'o

'

-llo^'peuotLlsBJ-plo,olqe

uotqsPJ

uo!

o1{s anr6 ot /ppe

o1

,e1I1s

e ldope ol /pulJ ol Tdolanep

o1

:a1fi9

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| I

I

de:an de:nn

I ***

ol ';o a>1e1 o1 $

'i

-os 'ue ^*,, eq

| 'Mol 'pacu | -l"t eqf i I :f6olout

I

I

uorLtseJ qlnox

r"

pells -^oqsrp 'Iddols '{;;n:cs ,{pods pessa:p-Ippeq, psssaJp

uotrlseJ qynn eced eql deal ol dn dae>1 o] /Mollo1 ol /r.tl!M uotqsel e uels /las ol

-uotr.{seJ'}!-q}lM'qsllii1s .crqc a1I1s;o qrno] e

-Llse, ut lceq oq ol /olut Iseq auoo ol /Jo lno oO oi 4o 1no llej o] lolut otuoc o] /ur aq oi :sqJan t

t

I

dn Outqlar,uos o] 'puno:e Durqgauos

I

o1 'uo {.r1ol 'o}ul drls o1 ,uo lynd ,umop o1 'drzun oi $ dn drz o1 ssorp o] 'dn ssaJp o1 ,uo 6ulq1 -auros o^eq

'laaJls'Ourssed,Dur6ueqc I au 'lsolel ,lue.r-rncI

'ulapout

-^oosrp

I

uo 1nd o] 'opun ot dn op ol * :sqloA lBseJqd

:senrlcalpyl

_ae uoq

L

s,daeqs ur Jro/v\'."n""iJl-ul?3 dn plo.r ol 'saoLls s,ouoatrtos lno{ ur slue onell ot ur 'slued

seno;0

pl)-q]lM suosulos elpueq ol

'ano16 e olll ]lj ol :sautu aq] oi passorp 'lltI ol possa:p lcrlqnd ut uoutl dprp s,auo Llsem o]

:suro!pt

Phrases: to be/ go/ live green, green issues/ politrcs/ Products/ homes, eco-friendlY, eco'sensitive managemenv tourism/ Products' an eco-disaster, eco-warrior

Phrasal verbs: to cut down, to choP down, to die out, to drY uP, to throw away, to use uP, to wiPe out

conservationl Protection of the environment, damage to the environmeni, harmful to the environment, to Preserve/ to ProtecV to safeguard/ to damage/ to harm/ to Pollute the environ-

lFh-*iu"'G get into a g-

ment

lread

Ito lsail througi' e' lhind, to ca:;Ito hand out. Ito brush uP ci" uR

(on

a

I

Jnvirsnmental issues/ cam-

Environment Protection to recycle waste, recYcling

:

paigners crusader/ awareness/ catastroPhe/ disaster/ group/ committee

bank/ scheme, not to dumP throw rubbish/ garbagel litter, biodegradable Products, to use renewable sources of energy, water/ windl solar energy, to reduce the carbon footprint

Environment

Climate change: changing weather Patterns, temperatures soar, sea levels rise, the ice caPs melt, to get hotter, intense heat, drought' widespread flooding, landslrdes, extreme weather, tornadoes

environmentallY friendlY/ harmfull sound/ disastrous/ aware environmentalist

'

'

sb/ to assign t-'; to grade/ mari : work to check the progress

airl soil/ waterl chemical/ tn-

F;h.a;ctr

to cause/ to avoid/ to Prevent/ to combati to control/ to fight/ to tackle/ to cut/ to limit/ to minimize/ to reduce Pollution

l$chool lclassroori r

dustrial/ nuclear/ noise/ oil/ pollution

Environmental issues: destruction of the ozone layer' acid rain, dumPing hazardous waste, greenhouse gas emissions * greenhouse effect, exhaust fumes, deforestation, intense use of Pesticides, destruction of natural habitats endangered sPecies

46

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a

Prepare yourself for the BAC exam

The habit has been studied by Vladas Griskevicius, of the University of Minnesota, who found ecofriendly shopping decisions are not always motivated by a social concern. He

as a prime example. Celebrities including Leonardo Di Caprio photographed behind the wheel of a Prius, despite being been have Diaz and Cameron power{ul and expensive car, sending the message that they are a more to afford well able picks out the Toybta Prius

clr

concerned for the environment. 'When you publicly display your environmentally friendly nature, you send the signal that you care,'said the report. The study also showed that people were often more willing to buy green products when they were the most expensive (The Daily Telegraph) option, because it showed they could afford to be caring. 1. Shoppers want to buy only environmentally friendly products' C' Doesn't saY B. A.

Right

Wrong

2. Consumers go green in order to keep up with their neighbours. C. Doesn't saY B. Wrong A. Right 3. Online shopping offers people a wider range of products to choose from. C' Doesn't saY B' Wrong A. Right 4. Celebrities are not interested in the environment' C. Doesn't say B. Wrong A. Right 5. People show their concern for the environment in public' C' Doesn't saY B. Wrong A. Right 3. Read the text below. Are the sentences 1'5 'Right' (A)

or'Wrong' (B)? lf there is

say' not enough information to answer'Right' (A) or'Wrong' (B), choose'Doesn't (C). Write your answers on your exam sheet'

or hybrid A growing number of drivers facing rising fuel prices are opting for electric cars noise at no rJO"t., which switcfr from petrol to electric and back. But they make almost them' notice to all, making it hard for passers-by, particularly those with visual impairments,

Safety experts and charities called for silent vehicles to emit noises, with some manufacturers suggesting motorists could choose from a range of sounds, from superhas cars to the podracers from Star Wars. The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association

warned electric vehicles, and hybrid vehicles that operaie on electric power at low speed' are ,,virtually silent". As a result there are "serious implications for the independent mobility and safety of blind and partially sighted people"' publication that Norman Baker, the Lib Dem transport minister, said ahead of the report's in a way that vehicles the Government remains "committed to the introduction of electric users". road will complement long-standing efforts to protect vulnerable to make He added: "Concerns about quiet vehicles are understandable, and we need All drivers pedestrians' to threat pose additional any not sure that electric vehicles do road users." for other consideration with and safely have a responsibility to drive (www.indePendent.co.uk) 1. Drivers choose electric cars or hybrid models because they are more economical' C. Doesn't say B. Wrong A. Right noises' 2. Electric vehicles sometimes make terrible C. Doesn't say B. Wrong A. Right 3. Motorists can only choose from a small range of sounds' C' Doesn't saY B. Wrong A. Right

50

4. The transPl

A. Right 5. Electric car A. Right

4. Read the tt

not enough i (C). Write Yot

Christmas is i weeks before by lighting a c not very relig

begin long re signs that

Cl

The first plac People in Bt,: every year, a

Christmas

de

worKers wea' London crea: colourful ligi'l

So what do

Christmas ca

wrapplng pa

Christmas c I for everyor.e 1. The two ,t

A. Rigr: 2. Every Sur A. Rigr': 3. British

Pe :

A. Rig:i 4. Shops

oii

A. Rigr:

5. People D" A. Rigt-i 5. Read the

not enough (C). Write Y People nee:

we've becor Qiliin^,y s, 2rnve ' v,rr"

the store ar Physical Ira

1,9

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Prenare vourself for the BAC exam

Add up your activities during the day in periods of at least 10 minutes each' Start slowly'.. and buiid up. lf you're already doing some light activities move up to more moderate ones. A litile is good, but more is better if you want to achieve health benefits. or Scientists say to accumulate 60 minutes of physical activity every day to stay healthy progress moderate you to improve youi health. Time needed depends on effort as u"iiuities,-you can cut down to thirty minutes, four days a week. Physical activity doesn't physical have to oe very hard to improve your health. This goal can be reached by building

activities into your daily routine. Just add up in periods of at least ten minutes each you will notice a difference throughout the day. Afteithree months of regular physical activity, -

p"oil"

often say getting started is the hardest

part.

(www.phac-aspc'gc.ca)

1. Peoole must have an active lifestyle in orderto be healthy' C. Doesn't saY B. Wrong A. Right 2. Smoking is less dangerous than physical inactivity' C' Doesn't saY B. Wrong A. Right good shape. 3. You don,t need more than sixty minuies a day to be in a C. Doesn't saY B. Wrong A. Right physical activity into your timetable' 4. You can improve your health by integrating saY Doesn't C' B. Wrong A. Right 5. You can lose 5 kilos in 3 months. B. Wrong A. Right

C. Doesn't say

is 6. Read the text below. Are the sentences 1-5 'Right' (A) or'Wrong' (B)? lf there say' (B), choose'Doesn't (A) or'Wrong' not enough information to answer'Right' (C). Write your answers on your exam sheet' The Glastonbury Festival, held atWorthy Farm in Pilton, Somerset, is Britain's mostfamous greater than music festival. Despite over 100,000 tickets going on sale, the demand is far 300,000 over |n2007, requests. lot of a are there go sale, on they the supply, and as soon as

photo people applied for tickets, despite increasingly rigorous security measures that involve are workers of the most that extent an popular such to provided. lt is iD needing to be how But entrance. for free in return bar staff or be stewards to people happy are volunteers get so big? did a humble arts get-together held in a back-country farm ever

It all started in 1970 when Michael Eavis, influenced by the growing hippy movement' the decided to host his own gathering. The site is still a working dairy farm for most of is often as the event year, despite the festivai neing a huge money-spinner. Glasto, [,no*n, started off small, with only 1,500 people attending its first edition, but things really

3. Most of the worke"s A. Right

,

4. Glastonbury becai € A. Right 5. The locals

disaPl':

-

A. Right 7. Read the text belou

not enough informatir (C). Write Your answe

:

For John ShePherci : for the Past 30 Years ' To do the Knowleoi:l r

London cab drivers ra Waterloo Bridge on :"l left school at 15 a', cabbie once said to r''' this job, bY the end c' onetime home of C'-a'

-,

"l did the Knowledge you had what was :a get a maP, and Yot .": Then you would gc : all the little alleYs an: : use most of them r c ,',

1. John ShePherc -es

A. Right 2. The Knowledge s A. Right 3. John was born r A. Right 4. He didn't droP o-l A. Right

e

5. The Blue Book

cc:

A. Right

started to take off in the 1990s. During this decade, with the rise first of grunge and then of Britpop, there was huge enthuiiasm for the idea of spending a weekend at a festival, listening to favourite bands had and camping out in the open. Glasto, while still retaining its alternative lifestyle roots, from suite101 (Adapted 'com) imagined. ever have could become bigger than anyone 1. Glastonbury is a talent competition for young musician' C' Doesn't saY B. A.

Right

Wrong

2. Security measures are taken to prevent terrorism' C. Doesn't saY B. Wrong A. Right

52

8. Read the text belc

not enough informa (C). Write Your ans$ My job involves wo-< involved in volunteer

I first began voluntee hour on a Mondal' -

volunteered at a sct( much out of voluntee

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It was at Nottingham University that I began volunteering as a switchboard operator for the charity childLine. As the first personi child speaks io *rlun they,re calling for help, I had to persuade them to tell me their name, gaining their trust before introducing them to a counseilor. The skiils I deveroped acrossail my voruntary experiences, .r"n u. u persuasive terephone manner, have been usefur in ir,".10u t,m ooing now. The Home office, rike many other emproyers, has an emproyee vorunteering scheme. As 2005 is the year of the Vorunteer, a team of us from work recenfly herped out at a homelessness shelter. we served food and helped up, *r'i'" tn" volunteers who helped at the shelter kept us all laughing. Through "t""n s"rui"" Volunteers community (csv), our office has since spent a whole day -leaning-up, rebuirdini an-i painting an adventure prayground. Everyone had a great time. (www.worrdvorunteerweb.org)

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information to answer'Right,(A) or,ivrongl fe;,-"r,oo"" ,Doesn,t say,

(C). Write your answers on your exam sheet.

r-or a successful staycation, do everything in advance that you would do for an away vacation-by that I mean, have your crotheJcrean and just

ready, as if you were packing to go away; tell extended family and friends that you will be "^iiy' ano y,erefore unavailable for problem-solving; and do any chores that need doing ahead ottir", like mowing the lawn.

Additionally, if money is tight, prepare some mears ahead of time, or buy frozen mears at the store, so you have the fixings for a great breakfast, lunch, ano dinner, without you or your spouse having to stress out over cooking. I speak from experrence that cooking and cleaning up while on "vacation" is not high on my list or preterreo activities. lf you like to grill or cook out, stock up on what you need to do that for a few days. No grocery

shopping except for emergency provisions, and don't forget to have some snacks around' A special treat or two can help make things feel speJiaL. Ano uru disposables if your family is large and cleanup would take considerable time. A staycation, and when

I'm traveling by car, are the two times I use disposable dishes and flatware without guilt! To make your staycation,a true getaway, do

things you don,t usuaily do with your normal leisure time that you enjoy. Never go io rus"rms, but rike them? Go and spend the money for admission fees cheerfully. Throw in a meal out at a funky place you never otherwise visit, to extend the preasures of the day. your rs idea of h"uu"n a day at the movies, or a night at the theater? pran ahead-buy tictr:' A. Right

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where there groceries home from the store, there have traditionally been very few cities has many in transportation trend L no practical advantage to having a car. But a new and Zipcar, like services sharing citizens rejecting urtoriobil" owneiship in favor of car supplementing public transportation with bicycles' pay a $50 annual Founded in 2000, Zipcar now boasts 180,000 members who United States' For the across cities 50 than more membership fee for access to cars in parking spots around the designated $11 an hour, members can pick uptheircarsfrom since gas is included' insurance and need-gas city and keep them for as long as they as many fuel efficient vehicles included in the price, zipcar h-as a major incentive to use and other high gas mileage hybrids from comtng as possible, witn trre majority of rentals to either sell their cars choose customers their percent of vehicles. Zipcar says that 4b (www'ethicalshopping'com) or forgo purchasing a new car'

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holl ?n

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sometimes more than one per where members can post e-mails offering their unwanted items, and other

The group works through locally based e-mail lists metro area

- respond to offers. Members are free to memoers can choose which respondent they want to give their items to. Most re-use programs are limited to a certain geographical area, but Freecycle allows any metropolitan area to create its own affiliated group. Since its formation in May 2003, the network has grown to 2,383 groups in 50 states and several forelgn countries for

a total of 950,000 members. lts growth has been astounding, says Freecycle Founder

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months.

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say'(C). Write your answers on your exam sheet. Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, l gsg June 2s, z}}g)was an American musician, dancer, and entertainer. Referred to as the King of Pop, he is the most commercially successful and one of the most influential entertainers of all times. His unique contributions to music, dance, and fashion, along with a highly publicized personal life, made him a prominent figure in popurar curture for over four decaoes. Alongside his brothers, he made his debut in 1964 as lead singer and youngest member of rhe Jackson 5, and later began a successful solo careeiin lglL His.lgg2 album Thriller remains the best-seiting atbum of ail time, with off the watt(1g79), Bad (1ggt), Dangerous (1991), and History (1995) also among the world's best selling albums. Jackson popularized a number of physically complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk. one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, his other achievements feature multiple Guinness World Records-including the ',Mosi Successful Entertainer of Ail Time"-13 Grammy Awards, 26 American Music Awards 5S

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Prepetre yourself for the BAC exam

E rz. 1.A(paragraph 1) 2' B ("For just 800 yel an hour (about $B), you can get your fix of feline fetiowship from - in the case of Calico - one of 19 "staff" kitties.;') 3' A ("Calico has been a roaring, er, meowing success to the point where reservations

are recommended on weekends and holidays.") 4. C (The text doesn't give us any information.) 5. C (The text doesn't give us any information.)

rg. 1 A ("There are plenty of benefits to buying your food locally or growing it yourself:

supporting small farmers and businesses in your community...,,) 2. C (The text doesn't give us any information.)

environmentalists have long questioned whether these considerations

. should take priority over carbon emissions.',) 4' B (from paragraph 2 we can deduce that the locavore movement is concerned about the state of the environment.) 5' B ("According to stephen

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1. Read the text you think fits be

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of the bestseiler

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preliminary research into the matter has failed to show a correlation between a local diet and a low-carbon diet.',)

r+.

1' A ("The Tucson, Ariz.-based group aims to keep items out of landfills by offering a forum through which peopre can get rid of their unwanted items for iree.,') landfill = a place where rubbish is buried 2' B ("The group works through locally based e-mail lists sometrmes more than one

-

Just in the pas: attracted tens :' based on cele:-: more than 1CC ', Knights; unde' -

l

Cassidy. Whr e Files, "FFN is :-: at age '11 . Sai s nothing else i,-,, -

FFN has son'e female, accorc -: and calls the s ::

box marked "l'- , stories direct,y, ::

screening prc:= members io re:: can post any:: But there's rea

per metro area members can post e-mails offering their unwanted items, - where and other members can respond to offers.,,) 3' B ("Most re-use programs are limited to a certain geographicat area, but Freecycle allows any metropolitan area to create its own affitiateO group.,,; 4. A ("Since its formation in May 2003...,,) 5. C (The iext doesn't give us any information)

school adn'r =. Everything Y: Highway (Ccr:: young peop e :: Vampire Slai e' says, "but n'a.':' Marsh is mo': :

E15

and doesn':

1' B ("Referred to as the King of Pop, he is the most commercially successful and one of the most influential entertainers of all times.") 2' A("Alongside his brothers, he made his debut in 1964 as lead

srnger and youngest member of rhe Jackson 5, and rater began a successful soro career in 1g71.'j 3' B ("His 1982 album Thrilter remains the best-selling album of alrtime...',) 4' A ("Jackson popularized a number of physically complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk.,') 5. (the text doesn t give us any information)

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Prepare yourself for the BAC exam

3. According to its creator, a third of FFN's memoers.

A. are only young women. B. pay a monthly subscription. C. have to submit a story. D. are young people under and of age. 4. Xing Li

A. earns a lot of money from the site. B. is a computer programmer in Taiwan. C. started the website as a oastime. D. is one of the richest people in the USA. 5. To become a member of the website A. one has to register. B. one has to be under 18. C. one has to pay a fee. D. one has to fill in a form.

2. Read

you thin

Kids takt wisdom tech gac year olc in the otl

There a' become games i juggling

array ot

availabr can havt

might ne member

Unfortu r 6. Writers

A. send their stories to an editorial board.

parents

real life.

B. type their stories themselves.

informat

C. proofread their stories. D. post their stories to the site.

good

7. Merle Marsh A. disapproves of the site's editorial policy. B. peer reviews are really valuable. C. gives advice to teenagers'parents. D. acknowledges the need for such a site. 8. The website

A. encourages young people to write about Buffy. B. promotes great works of literature. C. stimulates young people to read and write. D. support young writers. 9. Censorship

in

unsusp€

Some e;

kids ma

commuI based ci as thos€ ln order instead

2?" is

t

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A. is against Li's principles.

nAcClrn:r

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Some

illiteracr

',

abbrevi: messag

10. Running the site A. is a profitable business. B. is time consuming for Li. C. is an automated orocess.

D. is reallv hard work.

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Prepare yourself for the BAC exam

1. Children

A. start using technology at an early age. B. can fix any technology related problem.

9. Researcf, r A fopnen B. teenag C. teenag D. teenag

C. are prone to accidents. D. have an appeal for technology.

2. lt is thought that A. kids learn faster than adults.

10. Children

A.donia B. chat :: C. don i .',

B. early introduction to technology is beneficial for kids. C. kids are be exposed to high levels of radiation. D. playing computer games has become second nature to kids. 3. Access to technology

A. makes children lazy and anti-social. B, enables children to communicate more easilv. C. atrophies children's social skills. D. is harmful to young children.

4. Parents are concerned that A. children spend too much time in front of the computer. B. children will become 'immune'to violence. C. children will display a violent behavior. D. children will act violentlv in real life. 5. Teenagers

A. are keen on writing emails. B. communicate with parents through text messages. C. prefer instant communication. D. have no communication skills. 6. To write messages faster children A. take up shorthand writing classes.

B. devise secret codes. C. use shortened words. D. don't punctuate their sentences. 7. Educators and oarents A. are worried about the children's spelling mistakes. B. believe technology makes children illiterate. C. don't have an unanimous opinion on the issue. D. team up to teach children to read betrer. 8. Nowadays, we A. employ the same spelling as our predecessors. B. are more literate than our predecessors. C. use different spellings than our predecessors. d. have to fight against illiteracy.

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roj

plo aq] u1 '{eme sluectldde Outulnl aJe sosnoqea} pue bututell ut o4tew 0B ole alaqi MoN 'sJoruoomou ]rn:coJ o1 ldLuape ue ul sa]tsqam paqstlqelsa sasnoLl eqsreb oql ]o lelanes 'uot1e:edsap ul 'l1ol saclluordde 99 Iluo alann a:eq1 oOe slee{ oMI'oileut 002 butpnlou! '009 o] paseolcop peq raqlunu oq] ':e1e1 slee{ palpunq V 'loalelp lecol aql ut uMoul ale eqstab pagrlenb I1;n1 se 'o4rc6 pue o4tew 000't ]noqe o] ouror.l sel sasnoqeal aptsJo^tJ s,oloAy ]o ,,plJom Molllm pue Jo/v\olJ,, aq1 'fun1uac q]6 L-plLU aql ul 'uorlesJa^uoc {pun pue acuep 'clsnu }o sle eq1 DurIpnls s:ee{ ant,t }seal }e pueds oqM 'ellste$ actlua:dde )o'oilew aqJ ]tnlcal ol ]lncullp olotupue oloLu oL.tlosoq seq ]l {11uecar pue 'JeM pUoM puocos aq} aloJoq aculs oullcep ul uooq a^eq sloqulnu eqslaC 'secrluardde Jo uorlereuoO nneu e ]tnJcol ol eutluo 6uto6.rege alou ecuo Outqsunog aie olo^) leltdec lualcue eql ul sosnoq eLlstoC 'loulalut eq1 qbnolql setltunyoddo qof nnau puno, oneq 'uedel jo sraulelraluo oleuo; leuor]rpeJ] eql ',,eqsta6,, otll ]ng 'pllom ulopotll aql ul uollcullxa o] pauloop ^Aou ]uoureullai pue Acecrlep ]o ela ue Jo sctlal 'satcads poJe6uepuo ue eq o] peLuaes {eq1 'laoqs urexa rno^ uo srs/nsue rno^ olUM'lxol aLll o1 bulplocce lsaq s1l;>1u;q1 noA qo!q,\ (O ro C 'g 'y) ter'asue alll asooqc '0 t-, suollsanb lol '/noloq lxal oql peag '€

'uocrxol Our6essau oq] uleal alqeun ale 'C 'eroutAue slessa poo6 e1t:nn ],uop 'C 'sraad Jrot-{} q}tM qcnul ool }eqc '8

'lxaluoc ctlstn6utl

eq1 o1 abenOuel Jloql

'uocrxal but6essatu aq] osn ol

uoLl^A

ldepe l,uop 'V uarplrt-lc'01

MouI l,uop sleOeueel '6

'aleadseleqg 6urpee.r alqnotl aneq slebeuael 'C '6ur;lads leuorluo^uoo pue pueLll.loqs uao^Alaq qcilMs uec sla6eueal 'g ',(l1ceroc a]uM ol alqeun ale sra6euaal 'y ieql uMorls seq qcleosou '6 wexa CVB

eq1

n7 gastnoA atedet4

Prepare yourself for the BAC exam

Japanese food and native drinks such as sak6 and shochu spirit are competing once again with foreign food, beer and whisky. "lt's coolto be Japanese again, and this is part oithe trend. A lot of girls these days don't want to work for boring companies. lf you're a maiko, people pay a lot of money to see you and talk to you; you get to meet movie stars, and wherever you go people are taking your picture. lt's a pretty good life," said

peter Macintosh, a Canadian who organizes geisha evenings for foreign visitors to Kyoto.

(adaPted from The Iimes) 1. The geisha

A. are relics of a distant Past. B. are revered bY the JaPanese. C. are beautifulfemale dancers. D" are part of the Japanese traditional culture' 2. Geisha houses in KYoto A. hire geisha through the internet. B. have all gone bankrupt because of the financial crisis' C. employ geisha through employment agencies' D. have been shut down by the government' 3. Maiko A. are fully-qualified geisha. B. study the arts of dance and painting. C. train before becoming geisha. D. are easY to recruit.

4. In the 20th century A. the number of geisha went down. B. there were onlY 200 geisha left. C. many geisha retrained as maiko. D. the geisha set up their own blogs. 5. Geisha houses A. paid no taxes to the local authorities. B. found wealthy husbands for young women from poor families. C. supported poor women and childrer'. D. offered a good alternative for young women from needy families. 6. The apprentice geisha are recruited A. by word of mouth. B. through internet websites.

C. only by recommendation' D. after a thorough examination' 7. The life of a maiko A. is full of glamour.

B. is not as easy as it seems. C. is very rewarding. D. is a life of luxurv.

68

8. Trainee gelsna A. sleeP until midca" B. don't attend Pan e C. take uP sPeclai

D. don't learn anY

': ':r

9. The increase in the

A. a Period of econc B. a comeback to 'a C. a fad among Jai: D. efficient goverri-'

10. According to PeieA. being JaPanese

r'

B. girls want tc "' c " C. maiko don t tz' ' : D. organizing ge s-

4. Read the text belorv

you think fits best acc PeoPle who mistrea: ' sentences under rve'a RSPCA insPectors "' using force, to resc'e

'

a

s

The legislation wi

caterPillars and b': =The Penalties douc : :" the f5,000 maxir-- ' week bY Ben Bracs: a a Parliamentary c3-AnYone owning a :::

it and could

'

Iace'z'

.'.'

'' Unborn animals RSPCA insPecto:s "' or hovercraft carr) ': long journeYs Bu: '-:

magistrate's wai'ra': discretion to insrs: :' dog-walkers or Pe:- : licensing scheme 'a' Animal welfare ca:-: ' the Protection of A': ban the docking or

Whitehallsources -: these issues

late' -'

-: total ban on docK would be exempie:

69 'ueq e Ourcnpo.rlur aro;aq paldurexe aq plnon 6op 6ur4rom ]o spaarq Llor1m uo truaureer0e qceal ol sluem pue 6utlcop uo ueq lelol B ur o^orloq lou saop l eqsperE.ry1 'ree{ sttl} poleanaJsowtl aq_L sV'ia}el sonsst osoq} qlrm leap o1uor1e1srbel fuepuoces ue;d sralstutlu ]eql'ranal oq ']s!sul saclnos lleqoltllM 'qrel ,soop Jo Durlsop aql ueq ol silej pue sleuJrue sncjrc ol acuetoleJ ou sureluoc '116, lcv sleu/luvJo uorlcaloJd eql selepdn r.{clr.{ 'lllq Uerp aL1} 1eq1 pere6ue aq lllm lenennoq 's:au6tedueo ale}lan^ leultuv 'crlercneoJnq ool se ]no palnr uaoq sell olrtoqos 6utsuectl leuJo] e 1ng 'Ieme oJe sJou^ o uoqM sleutue Jo] alec oql 'sJallts 1ad lo ste>11em-6op se Llcns 'sleurue uo.tl Ieuou.t a)eu oqM eldoad ;o uotletlstbal uo lstsut ol uoqolcstp uantb eq sarlrJor.llne lecol acrlod eq1 {q peruedr"uooce aq o} Jo }ueJel s,a1el1sl6eu llr/\^ e poeu srolcedsur alaqM 'souroq elenud ol ritdde lou lltm lqbu eq11ng 'sfeutnof 6uo; ;;rnn uJacuoc rage papnlour uaoq seq stqf 'sleutue 6ut{:lec Uelslanotl io uo lnoqe lcolso^rl rolua o1 lqbt.t eq1 uteb osle lltm s:olcedsulVSdSU aueld 'fu.re1 'furo1 Iue e lnoqu/v\ lueJe^ 'uorpelo.rd aues aq] antacal llt^ sleulue uJoqun 'ror.lloue raye 6urlool uroJJ pouueq 6ureq pue {ene uale} ll 6utneq aceJ plnoc pue }l spJe^ ol ,,oreo ]o finp,, fuo1nlels e aAeL{ lltM leutue ct}oxo Jo tuel '1ad e 6utumo auor{uy 'luouletlled ]o sosnoH qloq alolaq oO uaql pue oaglullloc fueluauet;:ed e

'qtilt

>g

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Jl salUJaUnq

'sr.llJol 's6nls 'slcosur se qcns saJnlealc o1 uotlcalold leJJo osle

11lm

uollelstOal oLlI

'uJeq Jo lsil le .lo Outtegns oq ol panolloq sleulue oncsal o1 'eclo1 6utsn {q uena '}ueJJE^ e }noL1}tm sastua:d Ja}ua o} slervrod uentO aq ;;tnn slolcadsu! VOdSU 'loa/v\ lxau pasunouue aq ol s/v\el aleJlaM lapun sosualuos uosud 6uo1-teert pue 000'023 o1 dn jo sauU ooeJ llll sleullue leallslLtt oqnn a1doe6 'laaqs urexa rno{ uo sJa/nsue lnof e11.t1111 'lxol aq} o1 bulprocce lssq s1;1 1ulq1 no{ qo!q,\ (O ro C 'g 'y) .rernsue aql asootlc '0 L- ;, suollsanb lol 'tnolaq lxal aql peou 't 'e;qe1go:d sr s6utuane eqsre6 6utztue6lo

'6

'sra6uerls ol llel l,uop olteu '3 'serueduoc uorqse1 JoJ llo^ ol ]ue^ spt6 'g

'aJotu oguo uorqseJ ut st esauedep 6ulaq 'y qsolutcey1 lalod ol bulp.toccy '91,

'{o1od leuo[eonpo lueututenob ]uatot1Ja 'C

'srebeueel esauedef Ououle

pe1

e 'C

'srrolsnc esauedep o] lceqouloc e '8 'fiuedsold ctLuouoca;o potted e 'y o] onp sr Joqtunu olleul all] ul asEaJcul aql'6 'sa6enbuel ubte:o1 {ue utea; l,uop 'Cl 'sasrnoc letceds dn a1e1 '3 'satped puolle ],uop '8 'r{epprur

1g1un

deals

'y

eqste6 aautelf '8 wexa CVg

eq1 totr

(sewry

aql

ol slollstn

urorl pald

uOre:o; ro1

ples ,,'a1ll poo6 ,{pa-rc ornotu lootu ol ]e6 no{ e:,no{;; 'salueduoc 6

ped sr str..li pue 'ure6e ecuo 6urledLuoc ale :,

geunol etedat4

Prepare yourself for the BAC exam

He said at the time: "r am rooking for a way to get the barance right. that we allow human circurncision and we should not be

rt seems odd to me

ou"idrr"onian in terms of

animal werfare raw. I want sensibre, but usefur ano meaningiut, The RSPCA said last night ihat it would continue '"etorm.,, to campaign for a ban on tail docking except when a vet orders it for therapeutic reasons. The chirity is arso unhappy about circus animals and hopes that this will be looked at again. The society said that it would be absolutely delighted if a duty of care were set out in law. "lt would be the single most important piece oiwelfare regislation affecting captive and domestic animals since 1 911," a spokeswoman said. other measures in the bill include a Dan on anyone under '16 0wning a pet and on gordfish or other animars being given as prtzes at fairgrounds or in competitions. The crackdown foilows years or pressure from the RSPCA and organisations such as the Kennel Club. 1. Peopie who treat animals badlv

A. will not be prosecuted. B. can be fined or jailed. C, might be sentenced to 5 years of prison. D. are exempted from doing communltv service.

2. RSPCA inspectors A. will be given badges and guns. B. will be trained by police eiperts. C. will be prohibited from using force. D. will be able to search buildings without permission. 3. A draft bitl

A. will pass through both houses of parliament. B. will be examined by a panel of international experts. C. will be proofread by Ben Bradshaw. D. will be published in two week,s time. 4. The owner ofa pet A. could be prohi,bited from looking after other people,s pets. B. is not obliged to take care of it. C. could lose the right of property over it. D. wiil sign a contract with RSpiA. 5. RSPCA inspectors A. will have the right to check any vehicles. B. are concerned about livestock on long journeys. C. can enter private homes without a warrant. D. will be accompanied by vets.

(The Times)

c: ccri3A. will be B. have cort' : -

7. Animal welfa'=

C. will be dissa: D. will update :8. Mr. Bradshar,t' A. disapproves R

cr

rnnnrtq i':

C. is a represe^

*

70_-

:-

D. will updaie 9. The bill

A. allows pe.: i B. encouragc:' : fv.

fnrhiclq rvr vrvv

nc^yvv-

D, urges Pec:

.

10. RSPCA anc 3:A. have crt:tse : B. have lobb :: C. have shc"' D. have prcP:s

5. Read the text be you think fits besi The term "ge'e: : of agriculture .-: researcn s^c :-: ", risks for the e^ ' -:

organisms". Tr s :' there is no e', l:-:

This Satut:a., =-. Centre (J rC - '. :

shcc: --.., at JIC ore :1- :"photo

experlrnen:

The ti';ai i:'. : ':s '. genes frcr- ,', : s:,

Phytoprr":'. '':s Tho hlinl'' noodq

6. Local authorities A. will issue formal licenses for dog-walkers. ! can ask dog-walkers to register-themselves. C. will take care of animals *lil" o*n"rs are away. D. will discretely supervise pet_sitters.

:

n

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to take tn norrof !v

pa' '

_.-

.

a

:'i

_=

i_

Hvgvv

via exchange cl e-

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"0 L

'6

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lllq

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1o

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(sorurl

aq-L)

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'lllq ]Jelp aql qllM luoluos aq lllM 'v selueduuoc aleJlom leulluV'/

't |

^

,o sulal ,, u",ro"" eu o] ppo sulaes I "

wexa 3yg eqy to1 gesLnol etedat4

P_frylu yourset{ for the BAC exam

Meanwhile' the benefits^".|9M technology are becoming clearer to all. lnsect resistant u,iJiJ*ur"o mycotoxin revers rn the maize we eat. Genetic "ppri"ation", GM cotton and maize has reduced insectLioe

;::il"-1,:ff:f

in microolai[""""r"n has produced "ngi;;;;;;g new Jic'; purpre t"',i"""."ntain erevated revers or iffiillfl,lilt';i;

Food insecuritv and-?]imate change highlight the chailenges sustainabry feeding a growing worrd popuratjon. Further;"r;;;; using GM ,"tioJ.ofopens ror raising and stabirisins yierds, new possibirities impiours ,"-r;i;n; ;;;;:,, and diseases ano withstanding abiotic stressei .u"f, ,, lrougnt anO colO. But in Europe' whirelalpayers'money,r:llrit,:g to deverop usefur raxpayers are not benefitting from theiideptoyment. tn contrasi-Canada, GM crop traits, and south America are blaiing China, the US ahead *iirr crrrr ano rnola'is noir",. behind. The ratest figures from the International service r"i t13 Acquisition of Agri-Biotech report 15 miilion farm.ers pranting cnr crops on around 150 m-hectares Apptications promising GM traits exist, in 20.10. Many often o'iscoverei oy academics, ori'L" commerciar risks are l,"i"3iiit;t1fffi:'Ji:fl:n ano tne rew"Ls too row rori;; i";;;""n privare sector to

The argument has

to.

be made that the benefits

of the technorogy far outweigh hypothetical hazards. we need any to tnint ,lnJrt,tn" *st of nof adopting GM as we, as the risks, and we must not spurn ti gr"uioiiJrtunities created by emoracing it. " 1. The term "genetic modification,,

(www.guardian.co.uk)

car:?

A. were lnr' :31 B. have acc3:: C. refuse :c :: D. are disa:3:

'

6. GM techno c;, A. reduces :-:

B. enhances :' C. has ob''' : -:

-j

T'\ u. nr^mniql yrvrrrvL!-

7. Food insec'-:. A. are ca-rn: B. are twc a "' /v.

vyvL ^^an

r;

-,-

-

-

D. make l: :

8. EuroPean .a' :; A. disagre: .'" B. blame 3'.' a .l^ n^- -:.: D. do nc:

A. scares people off. B. causes confusion. C. is an umbrella term. D. has multiple meanings.

9. Europea^

,',

=-

::-:

A. are 'e -,"=" R me;=

2. Research shows that A. GM plants pose greater risks than conventional plants. B. GM plants are not as tasty u, plants. C. GM plants are not more dangerous "onuln,,onal than conventional plants D' GM prants harm the enuiron,ienl-more *ran conventional

prants

3. Anti-GM campaigners argue that A. GM methods are 100% safe.

B. GM research trials are dangerous. C. GM research should Oe Ouin"O.D. GM methods are not scientific.

4. The blight resistant potatoes being trialed A. are not suitable for human ;;;.;;;;"". B. could have been produced without GM. C. diminishes the use of pesticides. D. are approved of Oy anii_Ctvt

"urpuignerr.

-*72-

5. Anti-GM

----

C. are.'= ,-

,

^:-.^

::

10. The \,','::' f\.\"c: --n .. ^ ---

^ 6. Read the tex:

you think

fits

I

ne

.-.:Wha: ",:s mos','"a: -a". " .

g,L

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5-

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Jgunoi atedet4

Prepare yourself for the EAC exam

once and for all. The idea was to persuade President Kennedy to give visibility to this issue by going on a nationai conservation tour. I flew to Washrngton to discuss the proposal with Attorney General Robert Kennedy, who liked the idea. So did the president. The President bregan his five-day, eleven-state conservation tour in September 1g63. For rnany reasons the tour did not succeed in putting the issue onto the national political agenda. l-lowever, it was the germ of the idea that ultimately flowered into Earl-r Day. I continued to speak on environmental issues to a variety of audiences In some twentyfive states' All across the country, evidence of environmental degradation was appearing everywhere, and everyone noticed except the political establishment. The environmenta-l issue simply was not to be found on the nation's political agenda. The people were concerned, but the politicians were not.

After President Kennedy's tour, I still hcped for some idea that would thrust the environment into the political mainstream. Six years would pass before the idea that

became Earth Day occurred to me while on a conservation speaking tour out West in the summer of 1969. At the time, anti-Vietnam War dernonstrations, called "teach-ins," had spread to college campuses all across the nation. Suddenly, the idea occurred to me -

why not organize environment?

a

huge grassroots protest over what was happening

io

our

At a conference in Seattle in September 1969, lannounced that in the spring of 1g70 there would be a nationwide grassroots demonstration on behalf of the environment and

invited everyone to participate. The wire services carried the story from coast to coast. The response was electric. it took off like gangbusters. Telegrams, letters, and telephone inquiries poured in from all across the country. The American people finally had a forum to express its concern about what was happening to the land, rivers, lakes, and air - and they did so with spectacular exuberance. For the next four months, two members of my Senate staff, Linda Billings and John Heritage, managed Earth Day affairs out of my Senate office.

A. was a s:B. conce'-=: C. was a:s=-

D.wasc':'

3. Presideni

C. faileo :: ' D. decllr::

.

4. The idea

_

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=

-

E L-.la inre--: Jrlrvrl j n h^ lrv -- :.- --n. u, v y-(r. >lg-:: -

6. His A B

C D

had neither the time nor resources to organize 20 million demonstrators and the thousands of schools and local communities that participated. That was the remarkable thing about Earth Day. lt organized itself.

74

:-'

A ^^/-^f\.>Po'Q ^aa r':-

environmental events It was obvious that we were headed for a spectacular success on Earth Day. lt was also obvious that grassroots activities had ballooned beyond the capacity of my U.S. Senate office staff to keep up with the telephone calis, paper work, inquiries, etc. ln rnid-Janrnry, three months before Earth Day, John Gardner, Founder of common cause, provided iemporary space for a Washington, D.C. headquarters. I staffed the office with colleqe students and selected Denis Hayes as coordinator of activities. Earth Day worked because of the spontaneous response at the grassroots level. We

B. was an instant success. C. got a mixed reception from politicians. D. spurred a lot of discussion.

(=-

A. refusa: .: B. broug': e

Five months before Earth Day, on Sunday, November 30, 1969, The New york rimes carried a lengthy article by Gladwin Hill reporting on the astonishing proliferation of

1. The idea for Earth Day A. crystallized in time.

c'i-

2. The state

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Prepare yourself for the BAC exam

7' Read the text berow. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B,

write

T:'^::,"-:':::t^::jl;t:t

c or D) which

v',i""",",""on,o,.exam

ln il'JrflT"t:'-: a few weeks, the heir to one of the worh,s greatest _ in a b";i prasiir1r11snf alec 'O :d""1. s,lq6ru PooO e '3 'g 'salJoLUaLU AsJolulol ol leolq e slu"rl#li

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wera

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Prepare yourself for the BAC exam

8. The writer

A. continued working on his book. B. went on holiday to tOiza. C. realized he should have taken time out. D. shut down hrs comouter. 9. Susan Greenfield believes A. networking sites develop creativitv. B. networking sites generate wealth.' C. networking sites induce immature behaviour. D. networking sites should be banneo. 10. The medical and scientific communities

A. have reacted.differenfly to Mrs. Greenfield,s findings.

B. have reached the same conclusions as Mrs. Greenfield. C. agree with Mrs. Greenfield,s views D. deny Mr. Greenfield's merits. 11' Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, you think fits

c or D) which best according to the text. write yor, on yo* exam sheet. Few who believe in the potential of "n"*"r" the web deny the value of books. But they argue that it is unrearistic to expect ail chirdren to read "To Kiil a Mockingbird,, or ,,pride ano Prejudice" for fun' And those who prefer staring at a television or mashing buttons on a game consore, they say, can stiil benefit from reading on ir," ,nt"rnet. In fact, some

literacy experts say that online reading skiils will help children far better when they begin looking for digital-age jobs.

Some web evangelists say children should be evaluated for their proficiency on the tnternet just as they are tested on their print reading .orpr"hunsion. starting next year. some countries participate

f

hat

said in a

c.-*

nf tha finoc' 1. Online A

^.^

=

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B. be =.=. :.

u.5d, n !^U. UE

=

2. Some

:='':

A ^A.U=:

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B. oi -=

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C a- '=': u. \) 3. Ch A B

C D

4. On

clearry, reading in print and on the Internet are different. on paper, text has a predetermined beginning, middre and end, where readers focus for a sustained p"rioJ on one author's vision. on the Internet, read,ers state tnrougn Jio"rrpu." at wi1 and, irl effect, compose their own beginnings,'middles and ends. Young people "aren't as troubled as some of us older folks are by reading that doesn,t go in a rine," said Rand J. spiro, a professor of educationar psychorogy at who is studying reading practices on the Iniernet. "That's a good inilg o""urse the worrd in a line, and the worrd isn't organized inio separate compartments or :ffi[:.q:

C

84

=

lf ic norh:- r -nnitaho{^ --

A

they say, distracts more than strengthens readers. And many youths spend most of their time on the lnternet playing gur".-or. sending instant messages, activities that involve minimal reading at best. The question of how to varue different kinds of rgalino is compricated because peopre read for many reasons' There is the level required of daily life to follow the instructions in a manual or to analyze a mortgage contract. Then there is -a more sophisticated level

--

^-+^+^i^truf ttEI Ldr

will in new international assessments of digital literacy, but the United States, for now, will not.

some traditionalists warn that digital reading is the intellectual equivalent of empty calories. often, thev argue, writers on the Iniernet ;;;;;;;yptic argot that vexes teachers and parents ' Zigzagging through a cornucopia of words, pictures, video and sounds,

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Prepare yourself for the BAC exam

.

8. The wealth of words, pictures, videos and sounds

and develoPn-3^: and how yol, "':-: At the end of r: ' :: But the opPorl-- : been worKtng - :it! Working as a S interpersona' s"r s with corresPo.:.^

A. disturbs readers. B. engrosses reaoers.

C. strengthens readers. D. diverts readers' attention. 9. People read A. only for entertainment. B. to escape real life. C. for various purposes. D. in their free time.

My workloao s ': with the Fore gi

S

understanding a:: first and forei--:s:

f 0. According to David McCullough, knowledge

A. is acquired through hard work. B. comes largely from books.

1.

Sheioin:'::-; A. imn"-: .-.:

C. can be a valuable asset. D. can be found on a printout.

B. a

12' Read the text berow. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, c or D) which you think fits best according to the text. write your answers on your exam sheet. I joined the FCo in January 2007 after a long year and a half of working numerous temp jobs after completing my degree in Pubiic Administration with Managerial studies at De Montfort University, Leicester. Finding a permanent job that encompassed what I learnt with my degree as well as building upon the skills I r',ui gain"o throughout my work experlence was tough l was on the verge on looking at aiotner career path when an Administrative Assistant vacancy appeared in a national newspaper. I applied for the position rike so many others and waited for a repry, whiilt a;;rying for other jobs (can,t Keep your

yez'

? trinr'1lr

n ^I-.:---

D.av.c, o. -

=

eggs all in one baskefl).

After a long process including online tests, an assessment centre and an interview, was informed that if I were successful there would be a 6-9 month wait due to vettrng procedures' I got. a call the next day informing me that t got ttre job - I was elatedl However, it soon dawned on me ttrat j'd have to wait over hatt a year to begin work. A lot can happen in 9 monthsl Although I accepted the job offer, I still searched for other jobs because student loans needeo to oe paid off sooner rather than later. I was on tne verge of becoming a recruitment consultant when my clearance came through ano a start date was offered to me. r

/ t{ +. ll -t J s- ,., A ^^^ n.> D. r = u. > g ,.:

I must say that how.you get your first

41 position in the FCo is very different from other rast day of the induction week, everyone was given a brown envelope with the first job that they would be doing in fl're office. I opened my envelope, read it and was baffled. 'Vetting Unit' was underlined in bold. I read the job spec and couldn't understand why I was put therer However, once I met my team, and was tarked organisations.

on the

unit's cruciar rore in ensuring that the cnaracter and personar Tj::g!,Ih. vetting clrcumstances of an individual are such that he or she can be trusted with

sensitive Government information or assets, I was immediately put at ease. working within the unit gave me a broader insight into both people and processes. Yes, you do come across mundane tasks such as fiiling and data entry, but you soon realise that it needs to be done in order for the rest of thsteam to function! As an A.1 you are a small but vital cog in the grand machine of the FCo! There are loads of learning

--s6_-

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4

Prepare yourself for the BAC exam

7. Working in this department

A. she realized the importance of vetting B. she had to handle government information C. she learnt to understand people better D. she acquired new lT skills 8. Ordinary tasks

A. keep things flowing B. are tackled by her subordinates C. use up most of her time D. are completely mind-numbinq

e'::=: a.. -aand herbs

with uncha Cooking is

makethen'al=:' up quicklY ',', - i varietY.

1. Fats

13. Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, c or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Write your answers on your exam sheet.

going back to his bottle. People have to be de-addicted from it, and giving them free recipes is one way of attracting people back to cooking wholesome food aihome. A balanced diet is the ultimate requirement for staying healthy, and one way - rather the only way - in which this can be managed, is by home cooking. There are plenty of home cooking recipes, and easy recipes at that, which make the dlshes tasty and provide the

necessary nutrition. Tasty dishes are the best way to make mealtimes a pleasure, and perfect mealtimes in which everyone join, are the best way to make family members bond together. In short, home cooked food and the dinner table can become the factor

that knits the family together.

Dieticians and nutrition experts strongly recommend home cooking. While medical expertise itself endorses the need for home cooked food, simple layman's wisdom is sufficient to understand the importance of cooking at home with recipes that ensure a balanced intake of food. People in developing countries rely less on fast food chains for subsistence, and most of the households in these countries have hundreds of recipes that have been handed down through generations. These are time tested and oroven.

88

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All the fat from the cheese and chips that fast food chains give, nesfle in your body and most of it is seen deposited around the midriff. These fats live in the place of the essential nutrients

that home cooking might have provided. From a theoretical point of view, everyone agrees that fast food delicacies are deadly concoctions that their bodies do not need. eeople do grow nostalgic now and then about home cooking recipes and smells that wafted from grandmother's kitchen, but somehow they go back to their fast food eateries, like an addict

"' :-

A. are z' B. shc- :

D. she had plenty of career choice

10. Her current job as a Support Clerk A. bores her to death B. gives her the opportunity to further develop her abilities C. keeps her tied to the office D. enables her to travel to different places

Sor:-: ::

less and less

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A. she had no career prospects B. she had little to learn C. she felt she was overqualified

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Prepare yourself for the BAC exam

7. People in developing countries A. depend on fast food for subsistence. B. cook traditional dishes. C. eat less diary products. D. use exotic spices and herbs. 8. Easy recipes A. stimulate people's interest in home cooked food. B. are hard to find on the internet. C. are simple to make. D. entice your taste buds.

9. Inexperienced cooks A. are afraid of laborious recioes.

B. need training.

C. easily get overwhelmed. D. have fun in the kitchen. 10. One can make meals attractive bv

A. decorating the table. B. cooking glamorous recipes.

C. serving exotic dishes. D. adding variety to one's cooking. 14' Read the text berow. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, c or D) which you think fits best according to the text. write your answeo on you,. exam sheet. custom wristbands in recent years have become one of the most popurar ways for schools to raise money. Bands, sports teams, drama clubs and other activities are increasingly

turning to custom wristbands to raise funds for trips, new equipment

uniforms and other needs.

some things about custom wristbands are self-evident. proper custom wristbands are created from ',l00% medical-grade silicone, are low-cost, are available in multiple styles and colors and can be resold at a high per_unit profit margin. custom wristbands are easy to seil, easy to buy, easy to wear. They appear to schoor spirit and foster a natural sense of belonging. These ittributes are part of what makes custom wristbands such a popular fund-riising item. In just the last six years, custom wristbands have become a pop curture phenomenon around the worrd, and no wonder. They're a great way-have to show support for a cause, demonstrate schoor pride or team spirit, or even just to fun.

Many nonprofit organizations and political causes have adopted custom wristbands, to demonstrate awareness of an issue, to raise needed funds, or both. The simpre custom wristband quietly makes a statement, with no need the wearer to elaborate any further.

Cyclist Lance Armstrong kicked off

the custom wristband craze in 2004 with the introduction of the "Livestrong" wristband. The yellow custom wristband bearing the word Livestrong quickly raised both awareness of cin"er" and millions of oott"r, for research. The custom wristband also quickly became an international fashion fad for both children and adults. 90

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device. Disease

organizations of kir Custom wristband

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7. Schools A. banned custom wristbands. B. expelled students for wearing wristbands. C. called for the withdrawal of wristbanos. D. allowed students to wear wristbands.

doesn't mea- :=

Ben-Shai'a' (April 20C: everything

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his own ii'e 8. Silk screened wristbands A. sell like hot cakes. B. convey a pop message. C. contain more information. D. are preferred by adults.

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B. damage self-confidence. C. promote shopaholism. D. encourage sports. 15. Read the text below. For question 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, c or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Write your answers on your exam sheet.

I

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92

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Being c:' psYcho::

10. Custom wristbands A. boost oride.

Obesity and smoking may be the most conspicuous causes of illness in this country, but physical factors don't account for everything. Your psychology your - namely, personality and outlook on life can be just as important to your well-being as exercising - these days, with the world's economy tumbling and eating right. And especially toward a depression, it's a good time to prevent yourself from slipping into one too. An entire science has grown up around the perils of negative ihinking (as well as the power of positive psychology), and the latest findings confirm that a pessimistic outlook not only kindles anxiety, which can put people at risk for chronic mental illnesses like depression, but may also cause early death and set people up for a number of physical ailments, ranging from the common cold to heart disease and immune disorders. Optimism, meanwhile, is associated with a happier and longer life. Over the course of a recent eight-year study, University of Pittsburgh researchers found that optimistic women outlived dour ones. Which may be good news for the motivational gurus out there, but what about the rest of us who aren't always so chipper? Are we destined for sickness and failure? Or is it possible to master the principles of positivity the same way we might learn a new hobby or follow a recipe? The answer from the experts seems to be yes. But it does take effort. Seeing the sunny side doesn't come easily. Most people would define optimism as being eternally hopeful, endlessly happy, with a glass that's perpetually half full. But that's exactly the kind of deluded cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn't recommend. "Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality," says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor who taught

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Frepare yourself for the BAC exam

5. Experts say that positivity A. is a new hobby which should be taught. B. is similar to a new hobby, in terms oilearning. C. is the only way to avoid sickness and failure. D. means we should all have a positrve ouilook. 6. A positive ouflook

5. A ("Regisnra

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t

pregsctt

A. is not that easy to achieve.

8. C ("Marsh a 9. A("But cerr its strrff. I

B. can be achieved efforflesslv. C. helps you to see the sun. D. rneans an easy life.

10. B

A("Lotsdl 2. B ('Ttuea 3. B 1'66 5 1.

torffi

8. Ben-Shahar's optimalist exercises incluoe A. ignoring the failure. B. denying bad results. C. coping with side effects. D. analysing the failure.

4. B ("illanY P

b€ftilrrr

5. C

9. Martin Seligman used to be content when he could A. get.rid of depressed anxious patients. B. make patients become ,uJJ"r. C. be prouder of his accomptisnmenls. "u"n D. help patients overcome negative feelings.

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7. C

fEilsr

8. C

("Abr

A. teach patients how to improve weaknesses. B. teach patients how to improve theii strengths. C. clear away mainly weeds anO unOerorusn. D. teach patients that they should pt"nt

9. B ('Sorrn I abMeun A 10. l*Sm

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EI r1- D tpanqn

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launched in late 19gg, has attracted tens of thousands *rii" fan fiction,,) 2' D ("while most other fan-fiction sites are boutiques devoted to Harry potter or The Xs hoppi ns'u tt, " .uv. wh o sra rted writi n s them are 18 and under, and about 80o/o arefemare, according " to creator i:i,of 4. c ("Xing Li,24, a computer programmer - who rives in Los Angeres and cals the site

g4

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c ("www'fanfiction'net, which

of teenagers who like to read anO

t

rt$ry

s:llfp 5l

10. The most important thing is to

iiff ;,,il}Jil:";l1inf "stricflyahobby.,,) :

I

82.

A. always see the glass hali full. B. take advantage of things as they come. C. expect only good things to happen in life. D. ignore everything thaimay o..lr.

1'

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7. According to Ben_Shahar, ,,optimalists,,:

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El

(,,'lt qUorur s,]l 'ocuolpne ue pulJ saqllcs g'ol rl }nq ,laoM.,q 1o'ino srnoq 9z sole} a}ls aq16utuunu,') se--1ncun pue Mel 'J}n}s s}l (,,'pe4eu {pee1c'sr 1"''"1"t crqder6 aq} se 6uo1

6ur.ildse sdleq 11ir s{es

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,,e

Prepare yourself for the BAC exam

tt

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both riouses

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duty or care,, vrYQv dr ru oelng banned from looking

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after

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z c .Anima,T.;

updates,l^t'li::

campaigners, however, wiil be anqe in

a total ban on dockinq to reach asreement dog wourd be exempted a (,,other ,":"^:.:: "lw3rkino o"fo Yntt in the Billinclude, o"n on unlrl'n"""ffitntroducing a ban.") gordfish orullt"t

on which

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1. A ("The t€rm ,'oenaiin

2.

control o, u"g-:l?'tit

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c (,,nor"i"ntiR.9ti"1rt"", or for food

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without

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8.

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li'd; ,:t""""J;l,,widesoread fears about the corporate 'ni associating GM planis with hiqhe

t, :,,?:: nl11fi ff."ff : [::#il1,:il :{li:i uno is rejected by'the ff t :,,,"".: : :.; e amount of pesticide protesters j

the - could" nor have been produced rrom Jrc, we invited ;":"_"to .^,* them take part in

' .,t#l'l;,#ffi:'ngff, taxpavers are nor

=

-

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ursappointinc 6. B (,,theo"n"r,,.']Y'lneyoectineoi"r"'"ited GM technology are becoming clearer 7. D (,,Food ,n.""r,?t to all.,,)

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r'ish'r1s6iffi;

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a proper

debate.

or sustainabrv reedins

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9' B ("its name inspired by the balsa raft Kon-Tiki that was built and sailed pacific in 1947 by across the the Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdahl,,)

10' A ("the 20-metre catamaran has cost several miilion dolrars to construct and has taken three years to reach its current design.,,)

Ea.

funCi,cn

1' B (""'a uniquery British form of crassicar music concerts.,')

2' c ("These concerts would, Newman.hoped, educate the peopte about classical music and hopefully make it more popular.;; 3' c (' "a large part of the seating area had no seats and so the patrons had to stand during the performances.) 4' B ("Newman and wood wanted to kgeR.the atmosphere.as informar as possibre, although customers were asked

not to strike matches Juring vocal performances.,,) 5' A ("There is at least one Prom concert every evening, and a rarge number of these are preceded by a pre_prom talk.,,) 6' c ("Each Prom season now has themes, and the works reflect one of the themes.,,) 7' B ("The performance is still a mix of old and new and inctuoes music, ' conductors, performers and orchestras from around tne wortO.;,f 8' B ("" 'the highlight of the Proms season is The Last Night of the proms.,,) 9' D ("Throughout ail of this the prommers wiil,rousingry sing arong, bob up and down rn time with the music and join in with whisfles anjf,ooie,rsf ,,l to o,j,'lji"X:'i.; t'nnt and an amazing atmosphere! you reauy need to

experience it

Es.

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o

l1fi""ffiffr;ilffirv

,.

be considered the unforsettabre ,,Queen,,amonsst

[:i:?,i;,HH?ifl',rrHm

them ar,

of archaeolosy and antiquities was estabtished by an

3' B ("home of approximatery seven mirion objects from a, continents,,) 4. C ("Located

uo

in a central area of London...,,) collections in archaeotosv and ethnosraphy are particurarry

[|]:,il'J;!,Y""""'s

6. B ("the visitor can admire its famous holdings,,)

t

^a[ff"#""r,Yil

has been illustrating and documenting the story of human

8' B ("the British Museum does not charge any admission fees,,) 9' A ("But some of its most prestigious holdings, like the parthenon Marbles and the Benin Bronzes are among its most disputJo'cott;;t;;r;) 10' D ("the British Museum hai refused to return either corection,,) E ro. 1' B ("As a writer, I spend a lot of

::'::lli.:ff:;,*ffi ljit

*

my time grued to my computer screen: researchinq and

witn' emaits' keepin!

"

o"i*i ;i ;;;

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2' D ('"' unable to resist the temptation any longer, l also answered the call of rwitter. at eveninss-"no *""["ni", r *u, ouu"o,.g;isnt

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Prepare yourself for the BAC exam

got a call the next day informing me that I got the job - I was elated!") elated = v€fY haPPY bewilderment = confusion, surprise 6. A ("1 opened my envelope, read it and was baffled. 'Vetting Unit'was underlined in bold.") to baffle = to take by surprise 7. C ("Working within the unit gave me a broader insight into both people") 8. A ("mundane tasks such as filing and data entry, but you soon realise that it needs to be done in order for the rest of the team to function.") g. D ('At the end of my tour I had many paths I could choose from in order to further my career.") 10. B ("My workload is varied and I am constantly kept on my toes, with the prospect of 5. D

("1

travelling with the Foreign Secretary in the future. This role will enable me to develop a greater understanding about the foreign policy issues the office faces")

E

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1. C ("These fats live in the place of the essential nutrients that home cooking might have

provided.") 2. D ("From a theoretical point of view, everyone agrees that fast food delicacies are deadly concoctions that their bodies do not need.") concoction = combination 3. B ("People have to be de-addicted from it, and giving them free recipes is one way of attracting people back to cooking wholesome food at home.")

z.= A.

4. B ("A balanced diet is the ultimate requirement for staying healthy, and one way rather the only way - in which this can be managed, is by home cooking.") ("ln short, home cooked food and the dinner table can become the factor that knits 5. C the family together.") 6. A ("Dieticians and nutrition experts strongly recommend home cooking'") 7. B ("People in developing countries rely less on fast food chains for subsistence, and most of the households in these countries have hundreds of recipes that have been handed down through generations. These are time tested and proven, with unchallengeable nutritive values and taste.") 8. A ("Nothing will help this interest and care better than easy recipes.") this interest = the people have in cooking 9. A ("There are plenty of tasty and free recipes which may have a rather long preparation time and may require too much of labor. While these have their charm, they may frighten off the beginners, and make them indifferent to cooking.") 10. D ('While making the food simple, try to change the recipes, so that there is some

variety. Somehow or other make the mealtimes attractive so that the family is attracted less and less to the junk food that goes by the name fast food.")

8't+. 1.A(paragraphl) 2. B ("proper custom wristbands are created from 100% medical-grade silicone") 3. C ("Many non-profit organizations and political causes have adopted custom wristbands, to demonstrate awareness of an issue, to raise needed funds, or both.") 4. D ("Cyclist Lance Armstrong kicked off the custom wristband craze in 2004...") to kick off = to start craze = fad, fashion

100

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Et.

WRITING - Subiecte tip 1 (nivel A1'A2)

To,

1. You have just witnessed an accident and you feel like talking to someone about this terrible experience. Write your best friend an email of B0-100 words, explaining what

From:

Subjecl

happened and asking for his help to get over it. 2. You have just returned home after being caught by a powerful storm. Write your best friend an email of B0-100 words, explaining what happened and your impressions. 3. While being on holiday you have experienced an extremely unexpected meeting and you

are still under its strong impression. Write your bestfriend an email of B0-100 words, telling him/ her what happened and asking for an opinion about the way you should handled it.

I

4. Write a short narrative about the way you discovered the character of one of your friends. Write your answer in B0-',|00 words. 5. The student club you attend is organising an event to which you would like to invite the oarents of all the members. Write the letter in about 100 words'

l.

6. Write a short letter to your best friend to send him/her news about a great achievement

of yours. Write your answer in B0-100 words.

7. You have just won two tickets to spend a weekend at the seaside. Write your best friend an email of 80-100 words, to invite him/ her to come with you. 8. You have to take an important decision.Write a short letter to your pen pal asking him/ her for some advice on the matter. Write your answer in 80-'100 words.

9. You are ready to spend a weeklong holiday in another country and you need your best friend to help you take care of your pet. Write a B0-100 word - email to ask for his help and give the necessary directions on how io take care of your pet. 10. Your best friend has asked you to give him/ her some advice related to a diet problem

and you decided to send your answer in a short e-mail. Write your answer in 80-100

wor0s. 11. Write an email to your best friend to inform him/ her about your plans for this holiday

and ask him/ her if it is possible to join you. Use no more than 100 words.

l?-^1

12. Write a short narrative about a situation that seemed dangerous, but eventually turned into a funny one. Write your answer in 80-100 words. 13. Wriie a short letter to your friend asking for his/ her advice on how to convince your

parents to let you go on a trip to the mountains scheduled for the beginning of the holiday. Write your answer in 80-100 words. 14. The editor of your school magazine has asked you to write an article about a time

when you failed and what you have learned from that experience. Write an article of about 100 words. 15. Your parents have just surprised to help you by offering to arrange your own room, the way you like it. Write your best friend an email of 80-'100 words, describing your new room and inviting him.

142

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Prepare vourself for the BAC exam

Be.

E+. The blessing of true friendship It was September in a new school for me. My previous classmates had been extremely

friendly and I was aware that I had been very lucky so far. Unfortunately, my parents decided to move to another town and I had to leave, too. While walking nervously in the early autumn morning, one of my friends from the other school joined me. He was so far from his house! He said he knew how difficult some beginnings could be and that it would nice to make me feel like I was not alone. How easy can all hardhips become with friends like him around!

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Dear Mr. and Mrs. Toma, am writing this letter to invite you to the exhibition "The Future in Our Eyes", displaying the paintings of the members of our Art Club. I

The event will take place in the main halt of our high school, on October the 5th, from 10 a.m. until 7 p.m. The paintings show different outlooks for student life and the guests can talk with the artists in a small coffee room. We would be honoured if you could come and we look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, George Adam, Art Club representative

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Dear Michael,

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How have you been doing? And what about the projects you had in mind the last time we talked? As for me, I am writing now to share with you the great joy that I'm feeling. l've received the results for the Cambridge test that I sat in March and I've passed it with Al I am so happy that all the effort has paid off!

Now I can come to visit you because I feel I deserve a little holiday before the school exams session comes up. What do you think? Waiting for your answer, Your best friend. George

Ez.

Hello, Jeremy! How are things going? | hope everything's OK because I have great news: I've just won two tickets at the prize draw promoting the new chocolate wafers! They are for a 3-day stay at the seaside. Will you come with me next weekend to Mamaia, at the Park Hotel?l

can't think of anybody else because you are my best friend and you are to stay in Romania for only two months! Please let me know if you can come asap, because I have to send them the name of the person l'll bring along in two days' time. Yours, Mike

104

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TO: [email protected] From: [email protected]

t+.

Subject: invitation to the world

lwas

Dearest Sorana,

challenged accepted ih

How are things going? lf everything is fine, I have an extraordinary invitation for you. My parents are having a tour of Europe's most famous cities this summer and they asked me if I wanted to take any of my friends with me... and l'd really like you to come.

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Second 5. I because fii asked him I

lmagine: Paris, Venice, Geneve, these are just some of the places we'll be visiting because there are many more on their wishlist. What do you say? Can you come with me? Please, talk to your parents and call me! lf there's no problem, they'll have to talk to mine

afterwards. Hugs,

trl ts.

To: From: Subjecu

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The soap opera that saved my day

It's been m It was long after midnight. I was coming back from a Saturday night party, scared at the

thought of my mum getting upset with me because of the late hour. She had been always very strict about me coming home before 10 o'clock, but I totally forgot about it with all the music and my friends' jokes around. I entered as silently as I could, but to my terrible surprise my mother was in the living room, watching her favourite TV series. I froze in the doorway. But she turned her eyes shining brightly to me and said: "cassandra finally married Robertol".

E

rs. My dear Jane,

How are you? | really need your help with some advice. It's about asking my parents for permission to Eo on a trip to Bugteni with my classmates, at the beginning of the winter holiday. They are definitely against it and I know that weather may be a problem, but we'll travel by train and we have where to stay if needed. So, how to convince them that l'll stay out of trouble? I have to admit that no teacher comes along because it's our arrangement only. Maybe you have some ideas because, seemingly, everything pleads against my ptan. Love.

Johanna

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WRITING

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Subiecte tip 2 (nivet B1-B2)

1. Write an opinion essay in response to the following statemen t:

Art does not reproduce what is visible; it makes things visible. write your essay in 180-200 words. 2. Write a "for-and-against" essay of about 200 words on the following topic: Competitive games are good for children. 3. Write an argumentative essay in response to the following statemen t:

deal of courage to stand up to your enemies, but even more friends. Write your answer in 180-200 woros.

to

lt takes a great stand up to-your

4' Your school magazine organises an article competition entiiled: What is Friendship? Write your article in 180-200 words.

True

5" Your school organises a competition for articles entitled Do We Reattv Need Adveriising? Write your answer in 180-200 words.

6. Write an opinion essay in response to the following statement: Modern technology is not always what we desire it to be, write your answer in i g0-200 words.

7. As your lT club representative, you decided to write a formal letter to one of the companies that may sponsor your activity to ask for information related to their offer. Write your answer in '180-200 words.

8. Write an opinion essay in response to the following statement: The highest resutt of education is tolerance. Write your answer in 180-200 words.

9. The editor of your school magazine has asked you to write an article about how fashion is generally perceived by teenagers. Write your answer in 180-200 words. 10. Write an argumentative essay in response to the following statement: The voting age should be raised to twenty. write your answer in 1g0-200 words. 11. As part of a school project, you are asked to write a for-and-against essay on shopping. Write your answer in 180-200 words. 12. Write an argumentative essay in response to the following statemen

gap cannot be bridged. Write your answer in 1g0_200 words.

t: The generation

13. Write an opinion essay of about 200 words on the following topic: Viotence against

nature is a crime against humanity.

14' Your school organised an opinion essay competition on topics of great importance for teenagers, and you decided to write about hobbies. Write your answer in 1g0-200 words. 15" Wriie an argumentative essay in response to the following statemen

t: young peopte

today dct not use their free time wisety. write your answer in 1g0-200 words.

108

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considering the value and scarcity of true friendship, it is understandable why people

are doing everything in their power to fight for it when they think they have found it. Unfortunatery, in so doing they may forget who they reaily are because they are

t^

to stand up to your friends than to your enemies: fighting your enemy will bring yoLiappreciaiion,

Nl- , _ L\- " = -

continuously trying to be liked. This is why it takes a greater deal of courage

while trying to convince your friends about.something they ctearty are against will put you in a bad light and you may end up losing tnem.

In my opinion, standing up to your friends requires not onry courage, but arso wisdom, patience and the clear knowledge of what true friends are.

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E+. What is True Friendship? How often have you felt betrayed, misunderstood and wishing you had a irue friend? lf the answer is a number bigger than one, did you try to figure Jui*n"t had gone wrong? A true friend is one who always stands by your side in both good times and bad times. Othen,rise, no matter the feelings involved, the relationsnip ,,iilt coltapse awfully soon, Another valuable quaiity is the frierrd's power of understanding ano accepting you the way you are None of us is perfect that's why a friend sometimes needs to understand you and your probiems, even when you yourself can,t do it, and what,s more, a true friend must accept you the way you are. But perhaps the greatest and the most difficult quality to find in a friend is their capacity of never giving up on you and on the hope that you'il change for the better someday. Accepting you as you are shourdn't impry not trying to herp you see your mistakes and improving in every way we need. only in a real fiiendship .rn on" find so much care and patience, which is what makes it so rarel My conclusion: if you ever find true friendship, fight for it and learn

from

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Es. Do We Really Need Advertising?

cne modern saying so often quoted

-

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so good that they do not need to be advertised or they don,i have enough funding to

afford promotion"

tn my opinion, only by trying out various products can we actually form a just opinion about any of them. Advertising should fool us only once. That's wny, no matter how stressful, silly or inviting an ad can be, getting foored twice becomes our probrem.

110

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8a. In a worrd where randing a job is not as easy

as

,,A,

B, c,'ano success is everybody.s goar, education has become more and more,importani a, peopre rearised it can herp them become more competitive. Unfortunately, not many people highest resurt of education is torerance towirds p;p6-urlrnounderstand that tne us, no matter tne competition involveo.

one reason why tolerance is disregarded, is that people learn to fight since an early aqe: fight for their toys, for people's attintion, against the bulies in tnE ,ti""t, ;i;.;iiil*"g. some parents teach their children to shareiheir possessio"., tn"r" Jr"" #.'u"riiro do not do it, but on the contrary. rt takes rong ano "r" manlv"rl"oi parents both and chirdren, to understand thaino matteriowitiong"or*[", r"ip3"pi", you may be at some moment, only the power of patience and toleranc" .un oring e*ternat and inner peace.

Another reason is people's general opinion that they are better than the others around. Aqain it is only education that can make people understand that our personal value should not mlke us judge and hurt the others, as everybody is vatuanie ano in their own way, So, true education is seeing that people can co_extst peacefully. "Iir#oinary

8s. Fashion and Us Have you ever wondered what fashion really looks like? | think that it resembles procust, the monster who tried to make everyone fit the sizes or rris ueo, oisregaroing their beauty. I'm afraid that no matter how good-rooking some peopre are, they wiil never have a high opinion of themserves withoui a fashiona"bre outfit on. Don,t you

agree? And it was not me or you who imposed it on.the "r';;;;;;iIs already trouorlo soul of the teenager, but the millions of posiers, ads and teen models around. No sane human b",l-g,!?.,.romelhing against beauty, but rthink that it,s madness to spend the never returning time of you:r tiie and the money needed to build a future on false images and foreveielusive dreams. Personatty, tioi"'ilirri"nds so much that it hurts me to see both girrs and boys mesmerised [v"rvlo o'. in a shop window with the latest models of extravagant"iii", items. nno att these while both mv .outrageousty friends and people the behind t6e rasnion inousiry My creed: we are so much more than fashion!

E

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voting is maybe the most important feature of a democratic society and the one that can show the degree of civiiisation and wisdom of a nation. TrLis'is why the etectoratJ definitely needs a set of skills in order to use this right for the reat benefit

of everybody, skills that cannot be acquired easily. on the one hand, it wourd be a good idea forthe.voting age to be raised to twenty as young people need maturity, care and knowledge in ordir i'., uot" In a responsible way. what usually happens when a person comes of ige ir onrv tn" i"v particular freedom of doing whatever they want' lt is difficult to see " rebellious young such a frenetic "tand person really interested in the fate of the nation.

on the other hand, not all the young people lack the maturity and sense of responsibility needed for voting' The young population isiot that numerous nowadays, so it woutd not be a good idea to raise the voting age to twenty, because the number of young voters would diminish.

I"r?H,!;::, 112

the votins ase depends solely on how mature and wise the young

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9.

Suggested answer a: As far as I remember from the articles I've read on this issue, you should have three main mears every day an!1rstiil hungry, you can have a snack around 11 a.m. ano maybe another one around 5 p.m. Suggested answer b: In my opinion, everyone should try to have at least one meal everyday and they should find out what is the best for them. I mean,.l know people *no .unnot feel right without their breakfast, but there are also others who always rlip it they are alright as well. But at least one meal is compulsory for each "no of us.

10. Suggested answer a: Yes they are, because I've noticed that you are judged by the outfit you,re wearing. lt has nappened to me severar times to be somehow_ iiotated by the others during a parry Decause they said I was not properly dressed. so, l,m trying to keep up with the latest trends, but without spending too much on crothes. -tust eno;gh to fit in. Suggested answer b: No' they aren't' I think that clothes matter only for your comfort, but nothing more than this People make too much fuss about image, style, brands and other things like these. we should care more about our real selves, not appearances. As for fashion, it changes so often that it's clearly a kind of manipulation, because fashion companies and design houses just want us to buy their products again and again. 11. Suggested answer a: lf I were a journalist, I would definitely like to travel and to write about those extraordinary a.nd special things and praces that onry in some parts of the grobe can be found. Unfortunately, I am not very talented at writing and narrating, buil would really love to see those places, to go through new experiences and then to be aole to share with them to the world' This is actually my constant thought while watching Animal planet or Discovery channel: how must these people oe reeting in the middle of such wonderfu. and exciting life events?

Suggested answer b: well' this topic suits me perfectly because I do want to become a journalist some day. At least as a part{ime job if

I can'i make a living out of it. And I woutd be clearly interested in normal peopre. I mean, everybody writes about famous peopte, poriticians, inventors, scientists' but there are very few articles and materiars about the iire of ordinary people. I once heard someone saying that he already knew what norr"t life meant because he was just an ordinary guy, but I don't agree with his idea;"what I have personaily seen is that what we cail "normar rife" and ,hormar peopre,, are actuaily a wide range of categories of people and lifestyles. I think that writing about them woutd mean a large number of lessons and inspiring ideas for many of us.

12. Suggested answer a: Yes, I'm sure I am because I arways pursue my dreams and never give up when I reaily want something' l've always seen it as a quality, but I think that there may situations when I should change my mind.

119

't

ii

Prepare yourself for the BAC exam

Suggested answer b:

rll desl1e a certain thins reaily badry, I try to H?j;j obtain it, but if it's too io"r'J""ff'Jsay l'm not so determined in these situations, but I believe that what's minl will come to me sooner or later... one way or another. And so, I don't bother. "";;tr;lly

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13. Suggested answer a:

oh, there are actuaily a rot of new things I wourd rike to tryr For exampre, frying a prane, bungee-jumping or white-water rafting. I know they may sound extreme, but this is what appeals to me. of course there are a lot of risks, but what is life without a orop or adrenaline? Suggested answer b: Even if I am a person who likes stable, clear things and who likes to always be in control, I would like to try horse riding. l've heard that ihe relationship between a man and a horse is special and I'm very curious if I could build such a connection, based on r."rp""t and communication with an animal. lt may be difficult at first, but I think it wirr oerinitery pay off in the end.

14. Suggested answer a: Yes, they definitely do' no matter if the people involved realise this or not. And it is not necessarily

the tech appeal of the internet, but the smell of popularity. lt is

already commonplace that teenagers are difficult p_eople, who are longing for recognition and attention - no matter what. lmagine what effect can several "Liki" messages have on a lonely or shy person? He or she who was almost nobody in inlir class and suddenly one of their pictures is appreciated? lt's like a sudden come back to lifel And there are people who would do anything for it, forgetting that all of these are only part of the virtual reality and very few people will rememberlhem in real riie, in the middle of a real community' And so the users' behaviour will definitely change:'for the better maybe, but mostly for the worse.

Suggested answer b: well, I think it depends a rot on the kind of person the user is. I personaly have been using Facebook for a year now and I don't see myserf changed by it. t use

it to get in touch with people I haven't seen for years and I am also interested in what evenis my friends take part into, what music they listen to, what good movies and good books they have found. But I don'tconsider myserf more popurar or more inteiligent or, I don,t know, better from any point of view just because I receive ,,Like,, a roi,l pi.tures or my posts. It would be stupid of me to varue myserf according to that. t mlan, I personaily give "Likes" to many people just to make thlm feel better, but this doesnlt mean I pay attention to all their stuff.

120--

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SPEAKING

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person. Describe a typicar day of your life. 1. rmagine you are a famous make a good mayor' 2. Speak about the qualities that never forget' 3. Speak about an event you will where everything went wrong' 4. Talk about a birthday celebration do if you had a dollars' 5. Speak about wnat you would language has on communication. 6. soeak about the effect that body of the year' 7. Describe your favourite month present you received' 8. Talk about a special birthday 9. Describe Your ideal home' you had to tell a lie' 10. Talk about a situation when made you laugh' 11. Describe an experience which

world. made you appreciate the natural 12. Describe an experience that you had to apologize' 13. Talk about a situation when pastime' 14. Speak about your favourite Describe what you see' 15. lmagine you are at the airport'

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this 3. What do you like best about things on purpose? forget also people Do you think party was a real success? 4. When can you say that a

events planning? Are you lnterested in a career in won in lotteries or from gambling? 5. What do you think about money Can moneY change a Person? person is happy/ sad/ sleepy/ bored? 6. How do you know when a body language? How can you misinterp'"i"o*"one's country's climate? 7. What's your oprnion about our between weather and your mood? Do you think tnere is any connection Why? 8. Do you prefer giving or receiving.presents? gift? Have you *u"r "r"-used" a received your dreams nowadays? 9. ls it possible to build the house of "There is no place like home"? saying the What's your. ofnion about

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ANSWERS

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Prepare yourself for the BAC exam

4' I am

usually very good at organising events,

but I cannot be right all the time, especially as people are so unpredictablJsometimes. rnisis what happened two years ago, when I cerebrated my baby sister's.15h unniu"r""ry. eierytning went wrong, I mean: everythingrAt first, it was the weather, it changed in and we had to move the party inside' Just when we had finished re-arranging"'recono the tables, the phones started to ring: almost half of the guests announced tney couion't come anymore on account of the storm' Then, it was my sister; she got so depressed in fear that people wouldn,t come that she didn't want to party anymorJwith the guests wrro rrao already arrived and she stayed in her room crying' I ended up entertaining all of the guests myself because my mother went to confort her and my faiher left to wa'ich trre iootoatt match at a neighbour,s house, saying that,he had had enougn of peopre,s moods. r promised myserf never to overrook the weather forecait again when "h;;g;; havirig J purty in mind! 5. A miilion doilars is a great amount of

but when you start using it, r,m sure it wirl eventuaily dry up. over a ronger period.m9nev, of time, r ,.""r,on,'ort |d be the same person as before, anyway. so, this is wny,'if I had it, r,d try to rreip r"ny peopre as rcourd, because afterwards at least l'd experience "r so, l,d buy a car for my a sense of fulfilment. sister who has two children and who has a lot of problems taking them to kindergarten and going to her job; r'd pay the coilege fees forcor" oi ,v'irienos.. . of course, r,d use a part of it for my college fees, too; I'd pay for the treatmentinat my grandma needs and l'd definitely travel to Greece and ltaly at teast once.

6' well, I can say that body language is extremely important for communication. And l,m so sure about it' not only because of the huge number of books published on this topic, but based on my own life experience. I am the suspicious type and I don,t trust people easily, so even from the beginning of a conversation I pay a loiof attention to my interlocutor: the way they speak, they move, eye contact, intonation, and so on-Rno l,ve come to notice that all those who proved to be deceitful in the end, would show it at some point through booy ranguage even from the beginning: they never seemed too crose, arways ready to move away' alert and tense even while discussing easy matters. And so I began to make my own list with the signs that I read in people and in order to check if I am right. I guess it would be easier for me to start reading those books on the topic, but deep inside I am convinced that nothing can be more powerful than personal experience.

7' My favourite month is December. I love winter very much with its surrounding white landscape and the icicles hanging

down the branches of trees or off the walls. I have to ih" christmas celebration. tne rirst malor loy of the school year and I guess that the feering wiil stay with me even after graduation.

admit that I love it also because of the winter holiday uno Ever since I becamee pupil, this holiday has been

8' A special birthday present that l'll definitely never forget is tne one I got for my lgth birthday: a car' I worked a lot to get my driving licence, drt r huo never thought I would have a car of my own before t ari twenty. I know how expensive cars are and we have a lot of problems with money, and in the best case scenario I would have pictured myself behind my father's car wheer. But I have never imagined that my mother,s sister, the aunt who lives in Norway and has no children of rrer"own, *irr-oo such a thing for me. Apparently she talked to my parents two years ago and they a1 decided it to be the present for my coming of age. I still can't believe r1i"y". holsters that used to be heis. rt rooks great in ry j"rting

-*1r4*

irsine blue Volvo with silver

roi, vou can imagine!

9. My ideal l'd like to ha house shoul the courtyarr to grow wha fully equippe

I mean a c( running watr world.

10. Well, per

games in

r:rr

ninth grade.

myself sever had noticed: never figure almost none

As I didn't kr

want the othr day, one day I can't tell yo bite and starl

all over the

1

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a

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1

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Prepare yourself for the BAC exam I don't think the teacher had suspected anything because nothing was said and my deskmate actually got a very good mark as far as I remember, but from that day on I would call her "the monkey girl" because she was so good at grasping things with her toes!

12. One of the moments when I realised how important nature really is, was two years ago in the Bucegi mountains. I have to admit I am not the romantic type and although I had travelled a lot until then, I had never had the time to admire the landscape; I was only having fun with my friends or I was busy to compete with my brother... you know, who climbed faster or who was better at a game. But two years ago it was different. lt was the first time I was climbing the mountain all by myself, because my girlfriend had left me a week before. I can't tell vou how much that mountain helped me then! At the beginning, I only wanted to be away from everything and everybody, especially as we had been together for more than a year and all of my friends were hers, too. And so I decided to take my gear and go up the mountain. I hadn't noticed most of the path, I was just walking along the old trail, when I suddenly stopped and looked around. All that silence, the air, the green, even the old path, made me realize that there is more to life than crying over lost relationships. And nature was just there to remind me that! lt was an extraordinary experience and I came back home healed. I realized that life could be

so beautiful in even its tiniest pieces and that I should try to enjoy it as much as possible... feeling blue was definitely not the way to do it. I still do a lot of climbing and I still remember that feeling.

15. Going through an time. Not to mention wrong for one reasor of the main lobby wt

time comes, that is

invited to check in

sometimes even op{ flights can be delaye

you're on your way

1

duty-free shops and

SPEAKING

-

Sub

1. Express your opit

determined by the cc your ideas.

2. Express your opl learning without libt support your ideas.

3. Express your opit what they grow up tt

13. Unfortunately, I have had too many situations in my life in which I had to apologize for one bad thing or another, but I choose to talk about a funny incident. lt is related to my mom and her attempts to make a tidy person out of me. I have to admit that I am extremely untidy and my mother always shouted at me to clean my room and arrange my clothes in the closet, but most of the time I just ignored her pestering. I have never realized how annoying all this must have been for her. Until one day when my mom arrived home very upset from her job and when she entered my room and saw the mess inside couldn't bear it anymore and took all the clothes piled on my computer keyboard and the rest of my desk and just threw them out of the window! I couldn't believe my eyes! | immediately ran downstairs to pick them up, but not all of ihem had got on the ground: a lot had remained clinging on the branches of trees in front of my block. I managed to take them out of there by borrowing a fishing rod from my girlfriend's father, but I had to stay at my window "fishing" them one by one while my friends, my girlfriend and the neighbours ... at their windows ... were making fun of me and were giving me "directions" on how to catch my "fish". When she came home, I apologized for all times I ignored her words and promised I'd change. I can't say I have become a very tidy person, but I never mess around in front of my mom now! Actually, I think that situation was the last time we had any argument whatsoever.

4. Express your opin arguments and exar

!.rrlv passion is my guitar. Playing it, learning more songs and more rhythms is my favourite pastime. lt both relaxes me and gives me a special sense of happiness and usefulness. lt also brightens my day when I feel lonely or blue; my guitar seems to understand me much better than some of my friends. Let alone the joy my playing it

experiences life offet

5. Express your

op

something to do, sor and examples to sul

6. Express your opir

taken by their paren 7. Argue for or again

respect as humans.

8. Express your op relevant arguments

9. Express your opil much for the auto-ir your ideas.

10. Express your opi the development of a 11. Expressyouropi

gives to the others at parties or family reunions.

126

12. Express your op broke the rules. Use

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Follow'uP QuESrloNS so important? yourself? (Why?) 1. 'Wi'rtis reputation " Why you liKe ttr build for kind of reputation would of your liberty? you may also lose some that.by 2. Have you ever tnought

How do you

l"tlLq,?:;?ation (Why?) pittui" tiberty in your life?

personality?that shape someone's ^ most so lar r 3. Which are the factors the you influenced f'ut p""on'iho Who is ff'" for success? what is tl"^T:^"'important"'ingredient" view' of point your 4. From Arethereunyo''uOuuntagestohavingastrongwill?

.

,.- ^^^.) 5. What makes you .happy? of happiness r

What is your definition should every child 6. ':3jf" would be a better one? "Oo life lessons a world ruled by cnttt "' What that V"'think mistreat animals? punish those peopl"'Yl" 7. How should we test cosmetics on animals? Do vou think a risk of anv kind? think that knowledge T:I]:l^"i"" Do 8. vou "' -Wir"t are the things that hurt people / yourself? time you felt p:11,of 9. When was the last others for hetp'r asking irom Does your p'io" pt"""iiyou

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language"?

"

t" beins a reber;do vou agree?

language? ' r used as an "international oe other than English should

to know a t9,r1i-01

i"^g';g"

"a good 14. What makes

life"?

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How do vou

tt

with nowadays?

'deal

Unfortunately, or Perf short definition. Firstl reputation is at stake and their exPeriences are known to be cont time, it will definitely so a reputation maY I Another Point worth c the circumstances ar way, what was at stz doubts about one of reputations can stan( But the most imPor-ta questions everything This is why indeed a of an hour. PeoPle r

forgive when their

and happiness? l0.Wouldyouliketocontinueyoureducation?(Why?How?/Whynot?) t6"t"aion lft*""n eiucation Do you

Reputation is one of l true value is built ove time, the stronger tht grave and history will

I

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pue ieOlol o1 Ourlprr,r [1aler

poutulalop eq Aeu srea,{ puesnol{i e }o uotlelndal e paopul Aqnn st stql 1"npuo" aql suol}sonb .seldrcuud pue ^q slle/\^ lse6uolls aL{l uo^o apoJo o} rennod all} seLl 1t se 6utq1fua^o aq1 {lpelqnopun sl uotlelndel 6uol1s e JoJ }so} luepodtut }sou ell} }nE

ourl 'autl jo lsal

'tqnop cllqnd 1o lsa] aql puels uec suotlelndel poo6 enrl 6uor1s eq1 {|uo pue A ollo} lll/v\ slaLl}o 'suolse3co ot{} }o ouo lnoqe s}qlop 'AeM ostej ol slels ouo luauloru fuen eq1 'uo os pue aull ]eLll le olels ]e se^ ]eLlM oLl} (a1qe1.reu.rerun ro) elqelleuoJ e ur ourneqeq JlaL{} }o }xaluoc oq} pue socue}srlncllc 'uorlsenb ut st uotlelndal osoqM uosled eq1 1o abe eq1 st 6ultaplsuoc 11po^ lulod loqlouv 'Poutnl eq {euu uol}elndoJ e os

pue ,ut po^lo^ul uoaq o^eLl {eq1 oulqyfuene uodn saoueqc le06u1 Alaltutlep lllM }l 'aul} ,tlsnonuttruoc aq ol u^ oul ale u1 sebueqc sassaultM asoql Jo uorlelndal aql 1r '6ur6ueqc pue eldoed sV 'lou .ro uoqelndel aq1 ourleprlosuoc os pue 'slatllo aql ol sacueuadxo lloq] uollelnoal uolurdo rreql 6urpteruoj loJ acueuodul Aa1 ,o aJe ,(eq1 esneceq 'oIels le sl 'uol}lul}ap }-lotls osorlM uos.red e 1o slaed oq] uotlelaprsuos olul ole] plnoqs enn '{l}s.ttl '[1e1eunpo1u1-1 stql ueql alou qcnul sr uorlelnde: 'sase3 oLuos ul Alaleunpo; sdeqlad to 'raqloue:o {em auo uaq} }noqe leaos 11l,rn fuo1stq pue a'relO lreql puoleq uo^a uo^a ouo sMolloJ ]l 'osec sltll ul iuotielndal eql leouolls aLl] 'aul] 'eLUl] 1o por:ed 6uo1 e Jo^o ]llnq sl onle^ anJ] leql sr uorurdo ;e:eue6 oql 'uos:ad e Jo scllsualceleqc esoq] ,o ouo sl uotlelndeS eq1 .ra6uo1 aLll

asoqM uorln]tlsut .ro

ASSACCT

eAyaqll lnoA lo

^llauosled suoseal

pteel puesnoLl! luora;+rp ro1 'e6ueqc lo eopl aql = )noQ auo {letcos 7{ltunuluoc aq} Pue uorlsanb ut lenpt^lpul aqt qloq lol luepodult st = entlebeu lo anl]lsod oq uec pllnq ol aLull pue slcEi 'slot.llo I'uoJl uoHeplle^ spoau

=

uoueJndaa

:sp'rory1

soldulexe pu )no JoJ unln]

fay 'uouauouoLl(

susMsNV

O:rs:ccn3 (1

'seopl lno^ u peolpnolA e

wexa CVg et11to1 gastnol etedeL4

Prepare Yourself for th9

j!9:!3t knowing the best Lio",ty without learning = being free.without for vourself

=

being able

to do bad things

do not know the good and evil between difference how to knowing without free being = use Your freedom because You

Learningwithouttiberty =knowing

a lot of things without

being able to use them for Your own

good =

lour knowledge cannot helP other peoPle

help you build = youiknowledge can't

vour future

People change du

a happy future intt

Theremaynothavebeenasing|eperiodoftimeinthehistoryofmankindwhenpeopte -att new empire wasn't expanding' it was

their heart' lf a have not desired treeoom wiftr so which people had difficult'res to comprehend' a new wild animat ol. u nutrr"r calamity peacefully peopte'i riuerty and their feeling of living there was always something to limit

andinharmony.Thisiswhylbe|ievetheirunoe'"tanoingfromancienttimeswasthat on|ybymaking,"n,"oftningsandcontro||ingthemcouldtheycometoaneasiness about all that was around them'

LibertywithoutIearntngisasurrogatSgt|leeoom,thatisactua||yatthemercyofthe as all the This idea become very clear to everyone other people or tne naiiral elemenis. emperorsandkingsottt..,ewortosurroundedthemselveswithwiseandlearnedpeop|e order among their subjects, and also

maintain who cou|d he|p them rute their territories, all know' we that art of works create the impresstve the populations that have been conquered of on the other hand, from the point of view throughoutthehistory,theirlearningmadenoSenseifitwastoservetheconquerors.As for their popiations- focused their efforts mainly on fighting a consequen.u, to.i oi,f"'"s" educate to time plain field. They dreamed of having liberty, either in gr"rri[u-*uis or'in The only own people ano to.oulto their own future' their themselves, for the benefits of is why' This fight' to how *"t 6f* to survive and thing they could afford to learn and use

eventoday,therearesomanydiscrepanciesbetweenthe|ivingstandardsofmany sharing of peaceful periods' countries, that have tt,eirioots in a different Learningwithout|ibertyison|y.afa|se.dream,because|ibertyhelpsothersthrough goal of any learning' lnowreO"ge that is the attual final

is always ? perlt' the fact that liberty without learning ln conclusion, I definitely agree with in vain' much as learning without liberty is always

as

l3o

to everyone arou

cplohrifrr Thpce ir: priests and psychi

But in my opinion, much more impc conjuncture of the

Firstly, no baby in the historical perio coming into this vn

1

had many opportur the time he or she

Secondly, the real and in society is g it is quite difficult fr needs and the war birth, they can chz

In conclusion, we of every type, gen

strong beings, whr

rel,

'luod e

s

qbnolql .rtl1enluane sn lo lle ol letluasso aq uec uotlnqilluo3 esor]M 's6uteq 6uo.l1s 'adi{1 fuane ;o lnltlneoq olut mo:6 uec ,teq1 esneceq punor6lceq lelcos lo acel ':apuab uolpllr.lo lle Jo eJec ale] plnoqs a/v\ ]nq 'Iqeq Aue ple$aJslp ],uplnoqs a^ 'uolsnlcuoc ul 'qulq 'olec pue suojJa uMo .lloqJ qonolLll rallaq aqt loJ abueqc uec ^aq]spaau s,auooulos Jo S€cuelsulnoJlc otll lalleu.l ou 'Iqm sl slql 'plloM otll ]o s^e^ aq] pue pllr.tc e roJ ilnsu}lp a}lnb sl ll ,slaqlo aq] lnoqe suleal aq ltlun {padord il op of Moq l oul o} ;ure6y'ssautddeq pue aleJlom,sloqlo otll o] uollnqlJluoc llaLl] {q uanr6 st {latcos ul pue firunuuoc pue Alttle] loq/slq ulll]lm Jaq]la 'lenpl^lpul ue ]o acueuodt-ut ;eer oql '^lpuocas 'plo se/\^ aLls lo aq aulll aq] peq {q qyvrolb lelcos pue len}ulds JoJ }i.l6u oq} pug o} suolsecco pue sa4lunpoddo ,{ueu ,{yltqtsuodsal }o lllopeo4 sltl} tng 'pllo/\^ slq} olul bululoc seq oqM ]lnpe ue o1 {ldde louuec^eM JloLl] se autl aules aq] le oceld 6ut1e1 sluene clLusoc aq] os qcnul os 'polled lecuolslq oqi lo satltuej ltaql Jo punoJolceq ol{l Jo} olqlsuodsoJ plaq oq uec ppo^ aq1 ur Aqeq ou 'Al}sJll .uotutdo {ru yoddns o} s}uoulnoJe fueul o^eq I puv'qulq Jlaqt Jo aln}sunluoc oql uBql outlojtl treql 6uunp olut suJnl lenpt^tput ue ]eql lueuodtul aloul Ll3nrJ sl ll leql )tulr.ll | 'sent1 s,eldood aouon[ut {eu s.tolce] ]eL{M Jal}eur ou 'uotutdo {tu ut 1ng 'sounluoc otll ]noqOnolq] slslrlelqclsd pue slsolld 'sJoleonpo 'slualed lle lo] ulacuoc leeJO e Jo uoaq e1eq suolleUloJsueJ] osaqf Iltlqalac ]uetpel Inlssaccns e olul lesol lelo] e uoll '^Jelluoc otll uo 'Jo punole auolle^a ol

[ueru 1o '[qm st s Aluo aq1

olecnpa lteqi lo1

sv'sloj( palanbu osle pu oldoad eLli lle

aql io sseulsE

leqi

se,

[11n1act

os 'pu€ Se/v\

]l

aldoa

lueululoddeslp lelol e pue suotlellsru] q]tM pallu ]lnpe ctieuelqord e olul aJnlnj {ddeq e loJ letlualod Jo lln1 ornleoJc In11opuo4 e uloll laq]la 'oullialllllaq] 6uunp a$ueLlc aldoad

egdoad Jo raqurnu

a6lel e uo (aAlle60u lo

a^rilsod) ocuanBul ]eol6 o^eLl ue3 = asroM roJ ro Ja]loq ro] eoueqc Jo eopl oql - aq o] dn clo'pooqJnoqq6lou'lnoloc ul)|s 'oceJ 'punol6lseq lelcueuu pue lercos :se qcns s]olcel oAlSlSop = roj olqtsuodsaj plaq aq ]ouuec

uosrad

e ]eq] slolce]

SoAloAUl =

a^lleoau Jo a^rllsod oq uec

aexa CVg

aq1

ntr gastnoA

-

/

oJ6 4oLtl leLl/1A

uoq s/ uosJad

e leLl/lA

:sploM ^ay

uedald

Prepare

Yoqsgllr

tt'e

3!9::3!: T-

Key

Words:

There is a will

do something = a strong desire to for reaching a goal used = qrlat "-n"tgy iuitt o" found sooner or later I .oruiion

2_

There is a way =

and talents of = all the skills, connections oerson will be used efficientlY

journey' full of see that life is a complex I person' and young ?-"L1:3dy Even though l'm a a lotof qualities to survive human every to one's iov as we, as hardsnifs-and *itt i, ot ytlo;t importance same time. rn n,.'v op]niJn, *re you' at to point happiness my prove io-find situations in life and l'll happy or lonely' character. Let,s think uiouir"r"

;;i"ft;;

i

:=

-r .

:,"- ,"3.

:-^

full-or emptv'

your life famil;ihe relationshil:11make hand' A strong will is Therearealwaysp'otiut'yourlovedon"ttuyi"ve'todeal'*]tnandevenifthey Oifficuttior ytu to give them-1 iiJu"ry you'll someii.". need your frerp, goui' lf you'reach a dead-end' up when p"'uing giuu to ab|e nuu"r be you you "JJing .o,.not onlv wi|l going to make i; way the inding reward until the ";;. if gratitude insn't try again and aga|n

One example is

,r..lrr-" ft'"i|. h"ppt";..;;d"even up our life' helo vour beloveo, out uiro Leautifulfeelings will brighten alt irre time, at teast "in"i depends,on many factors,.such as genetic inheritance' which health, is Another example

"'f"ii

personal Raws' oletJ' natural environment,

prtvlt"i""tltl'?li;;'?t"T."ti'"i!tJ?'l'

ave n o ch a n ce of *ilii" tive that.can help you deal with can just a surviving or ll'-=-U,:::t;t;"g thJmedical prognosis' Self-suggestion g"lbutt:l^d:pite and it' up give want not such news, *j; ;;; ;;" it'*oix the wav vou

:: {.-i!::[?y ;ft ::il;i1il;;r ;lly mi,i:i one' very slim be extremelv

po*"'i-i'-i't6nlv

'?:lJ

J;'l'ili:'.:;

h

a strong

Not Yetanotherkeyaspectofone,slifeiscareer.lnordertobecomesuccessful,youneed skills' charisma and more' your'"!11'"^iJJttunication use to work hard as welt as b,"-":1:i'"d during the process your innate ,urt, oultney can ot p,.t be can them advice on various matters' a|| of stuOy , f"i V"r-tiy receive i.ay help you find your of self-deveropr"nilVJ, r'hrs is why a strong will can oirters. irom but you remain uuryo,tr"r"nt encountered' the obstacles you may have own way in spite ot all

Toconc|udewith,nomatterwhatpartofyour|ifeyoufocuson,astrongwil|cana|ways very meaningful one' a make a difference' sometimes

-*

1t{

a--

-F l

j:-

'

- -s:

:_'

]::-:SS

_,-:-

':'

s: -E

-i

--

Se:.: -

Et

I

?,t-:e* e

l-: s,,, :'-:: S a -d

-

='z t i "l' sl* -?-: -

1

5!J_

-!-3:

e

-

0€t

'pauolluaul slualpal0ul pue onJl poapu! sl alonb slq] 'uolsnlsuos ul aarq] asaql lle spoau ssoulddeq lno '{ddeq lea} o} }ou uaql ro} lern}eu sl

lrpueburq$Jo^oouop'burqlfuanauees'burqyfuanapa^locar'{peetleeneq{eq16ut1ea1 'qcu ''{ueu pue snoulel esneceq :fddeq lou aJe aldoad 6ut>1oo1-poo6 o1 6utqlauos 'lo1 lultlt I^'alnlnj aq] ul onolt'lce ol allsap aL{} eneq Aaql

os Aqm uoseal aq] sr sltll leql edoq o16urq1eu:os 'o0

saceld

t;.rel os palsrla^eLl | butq1Alena ''{1;eut3 e no^ ant6 [1len1ce asoq] lle pue o] Oulqlauog ']ou lo s"iqqo-q pue slad Outneq osle sueoul a^ol

"^';iqonou"iou "^;,1-i,";p .rtof pue snonutluoc ;o 6ur1aa1 osJa^lp

stql "1unon";fu" fuessaceu os ale spuorlJ pue {11ure, {qm st s^ol u! sr uos:ed t"qf I'uln";ji,ln"1" ,oj .elou[ueulo}pueuloJ}}nq.uosledauotUoJ}{1uo1oupues3^||:noutluepodtut{1aua:ya aneq no{ 1r ''{1puoces .Iot1o ut u"nq rno^ leql sueouj ll'"no1 oi butqleruos eq o1

st o^o-l

11n1

o] iaLurl aql lle ]eql laal

plno^^}|nnoqeutOeu1.6ur1ee1o|q|paJ3u!ues|}|pueuot.|}lo}ouopa^ellloulqlaruoslo; petueuadxa a^eq | 'ler}uassa uloas }'useop }r apnlne.rO s,{poqeuos };HlrJd.;q111es,t1-u 'passeroap pue .auoo.uos ;r; no,t-i"q1 taal oste uec no6 'arour s,]eL{Mo^eLl Jl ua^f no'{ 1t 'is'tt3 "l ;;;;; no[ i"ql tu""* ]eq] op o1 6utqleluos leb l,uop no{ }eq} 'p"r,iq l"aiuop

'Aqrtr

pue sbutql [qnn s1-s1q1 'Addeq 6uteq 1ou llrls uteldxe ll,l pue arul sr elonb aql lell] roplsuoc 1 oM}osoq}butneqaldoadqbnoueuaososlea^e|..|1,,(1e1eunpo1u1-l.ssautddeq-rolqonoua

oqpInoMo^olpueAeuou,tieq}Jap|sUocaldoed}Soul}eq}poc|}oua^eql.{11euosla6 .{ddeq 6uraq .ro1 sluerparbur or.l} aueu o} }lnoq}lp 11 putl leqi oLUI} oules 'olll oq plnoL{s pacutnuoc fua^ are Ieql leql arns ue | eql le lnq '{ddeq }ou olB Aeq11eq1 ut*o Auer-u leull rulql osle 1}nq 's{em ssaurddeq,alll leq/\A nnoul'r(11ear 1,uop aldoad ]eLll ueour l",l;'p"" .self.'O"q uMo,orll lo1 6ut1oo1s1 [poq^:ene ltaql ullr petnlcrd A11ear ,tqm uoseeJ aq1 sl ssau'ddeq leqt a^orlaq .lo,lns pue lro^^"^"q fq6fl ""-ifi | "ldoed

1

6uo:1s sferur1e uec lllM

ue tnoA Put; noA dlaq

'slolleu snolJe^ uop ssacotd eq1 outlnp

toN'aloul pue eulsu peau nor( 'lnlssoccns ']lluem noA Ae'q uec uotlsa0bns-llas' dlaq u ulrm leap noA ou e^e''l to a irrr ""u"q' leb noA 'uaeq

're,i puv 'eloul lol^ 'ocueluaLlul cliauaD

'ajll

Jn(

a oleMal aq] l,usul

ol olqe aq noA

11tnr

11,no['Pua-PeaP sr

11rm

buolls

V

e PUt '

Aeqt lt ua^e Pue'll '[1auo1to Addeq

'noA ol lt-ttc s.ouo o] acueuodi

sa! Due a^l^lns o] '',(aurno[ xat 1o

11n1

:o16ur1q0t1 qPottr ol 'no[ o1 :ego

sr aJnln] lBtll loa,

JoJ edoq o1 og 6utqleuos se,,f ellt leLll laal ol = 'uttllawog Ourntl qyom s1[eP a^olol1wqlewog fuene 1eq1 lao1 ol 'lueruIofua loal o] = lnlosn op o16utt11ewog aq ol 'poloq la6 ol lou 'a^llce oQ o] =

urex*W

aq1 rc1

gasLnol

iledild

Prepare Yourself for the BAC exam

Key

words:

to their food' hospitalisation' tmportantdecislons for chitdren = related shelter, education, fi nancial suppotl'

7.

f-(I 59 !1 d- ia n('F

F-^-

+h^,,,

t^mo Lnno r iccnndlrr -h

,

,

of the wor c ?^^^^^+ rcJPcur

t-. ^^ d5 il.,

rs tne contJ'aa

normal ctrcur

d2mano.l i^', hoinnc rriill r rLgoily +Li^1, ^^11,, Lt ilil^ Lt c I think that thr

In conclusion +lr^A +k^,, ^-^ Lr roil Lt tuy dtE

their own r,ve'

9Et

rrods prnoM aM osneoaq ordoad se oures oql ra^ou

pue

l.q ,.^$i;i"jAi""ir?:1i,|Jri

Jili

oJec lcadsoJ oloul tl]t^ paleaJ] eq plnoqs sletlrue leq] sl uorurdo {u.r ,uorsnlcuoc u1 'apeJl oleLlM eql LUoJJ sauloc leq] aujoout u^ o Jtaql ,iJuo aneq {aq} '],uop 'lloM }eq} )ulqt I epurru ur a;doed;o luouoq aql e^eq soleL.l/\ lunq oq^ asoq] leq] 1urq1A1lee no{ oq :eJdurexe ue nof enr6 eLu 1"1 '"rn1", ro1 lcedse: oJo.u ueou osre ilrM sOuraq uetr,nq 1;e:o1 padsal aroLU Japrsuoc .rtlercos leL{l oq} crue 1 oql ur uol s{o} pe6euep euos lsnf poJoprsuos oJe uoql pue eoeluenpe uo)e} Jo io L{}oq :socue}suncJrs lapun lcedsal qlr^ paleaJ] e.re eldoed Jou sreuirue 'Je,{;e1eunyolu1-1 .rir"r1ro,reuJou Joq]reu .i aos uec I leq^ olltll^ lcadsel qll^ paleaJl e:e e;doed l"qir"pirroc sueunq lo1 se "q1 lcadsar oures aLrl q]rl sreu,rue aql 6urlee-r110 sreyoddn. .s,{epennou ; dd;;i; rood e uroJ, sauoc lcedser L,]rM sr'.uruB "qi lriql 6u1jee,l Jro onssr srql ,{lpuoceg 'urpuelsrepun sexlpuedde {1uo ore }nq ,a:otu{ue prro' pue o}rr uMo I

,di:iil

o1

l;:3

f!T]f#:;

z{11en'Ce o,e scrraursoc .j}rM paqse^ 'Sueunq se passo,p sreurue esoq} leql rurq} r,uop {;e1rurlep I leLl} uot}uoLu o} }oN 'pereduloc aq sleurue pue eldood leq} oos uec }ouueo oM spoau ro tsrr uoqs fuen e uorJ ua^o 'os 'spoau rel,.s pue 1ecr6010qc{sd ,;q}o ;*, ol Jo^ sue ol pue 'uos:ed leq] rlru6rp pue uorfasse-Jras Jo sueau ,qof e ,uorlecnpe 'uorlesrunuuoc ourprno:d osle Jo serldtur a;doao o,es of .srql uetl] arou, qcnt! os ]o peeu soureq ueunq 're] la^oosleqan rnq ecuel0rn ou pr'" i"lrq'"q lreql 6urlce10rd ,a]r| 6ursn u^ o'eql a^eq o] uropoau or{} Luoq} 6urnee; pue pooj pueJo}raqs e q}r^ uaql6urprnord 'orec pue a^ol r.llrl^ Luaql ouJleeJl sueoru sleurue .SleuIUe Jo ojec 6u1>1e1 o1 uenr6 aq o1 eldoed ol pa^ oqs lcedsal eLUes aql 1eq1 e6ue:1s eq plnoM 1, 1eq1 .rap,suoc ,lle | ]o ]srU

I

r

n

q, o^o I p u e

o,

ec,

p"o.e,

1"3

llf

i liHixil3,

:? ",,iffi

:[[::

J

iJi ru,?if,",,,

'etut1 1q6tt e

e o1 dleq ant6 oi 'eq plnoqs riaq aq1lo e6e aL{} uo 'spaeu qcns

aqy rctr

=

ul

e:ou6t lsnf

lo

]eqM lou aJe slua

pue oJrl ]o asu aletr {aq1 pue ' { asoql sr puttu

11,no{ 'req ro ultt oN 'papeau 3le

{1uo 1eq1Iu!tl} I

'spaou leol Jleq oqn eldoed eqi

;3;

lueyodlut ]sout lsour eql ale slu

le]lqeq leJnleu laql ,poo, ,Jollaqs burprno:d _ a^tl ol aq1 ,ocuolotA Uou 1q6rr = poau ut d;eq ,seclnles lercos'uotlectunLuuloc,p:epuels 6urnr;

uorpllq3llaq

luocap e 'uotleonpo ,Jallor1s burprnold _ s1q6u ueunq ror.llo aql lle pue o^rl o] lq6rr eq1 'sseuelr;od 'acualoll-u_ou ,onol ,aJeo

aexa CVg

suewnLt )o!,Jcedsey :sp.ro14

{ey

gestnott ercda4

9Sr

.lt astnoslp ol posn suoseal aqi JaDeu ou 'le^elloq e pue ell e suleulol l! se ]! sJaod rraLl] qlt^ aol6e i,uop ,tqJllugap | 'po^lo^ut eldoed aql oullcalold ele Aaqt ll lnoqe ,6urA1 pue ourleaqc ale oqM esnods to pllqc e uoq/v\ uol}en}ls du,tt"l lou ,{q leqljep,suoc '{11en1ce :uogo os }l asn },uplnoL{s uorxruoc orll st oueJ oleunpo1un sll loJ uosea.r eq1 ,anJl sulaes 6ut{es sltl} lo outueau leJa}ll all} Jl uo^o 'uolsnl9uoc ul o/v\ Iulql I16uo.r1s | .sqot Alsu ourop eldoad jo lol e aJe olaq] '{epo1 p;rorvr Jno ul lnq '1dt.tcs ol^oul o^l}ca}ap e

olllloolAeulllMoull'fulonnpueleEluelsuocula^lll'uo/v\Aeq1'sro]llpueqofleqTstq Jaq lo slq ul sauo eq1 lcalold snole6uep Morl A Oul 1,uop ,taq1 se 6uo1 se osnecaq ',i11,-ue1 'slsll pue sulalqoJd Aluncas a^lo^ul paapur plnoLls uo,1="nb u, ,os,Jd aq1 'esec e qcns ul slq] qclqM ul uol]enlls {1uo aq1 'uoluldo {tu u1 leqi sqo[sr parldde tt"^ "q plnoc 6urAes ']ce] u! 'alrsoddo otl] olln6 'uJaq] UnL{ },uplp MouI og 'euo't'e o^losqe ]'usoop Jalleul slql ul ebpalmou>1 t,uprp Aeql ]BtlM leql Aes 1,uec 1 euop 6utneLl Jo oJelv\eun {11e1o1 elam il, i""L - ""l"roubl tnq''0uorm-6utqlauos pleaLl uaLll pue A el oql lo apls Jaqlo oLl] uo 6utgab aldoed ]noqe 'salnJ Ieql 1eq1 0ututeldxe .fu}unoc umo rno^ ur ueddeq uec 6u1q} oules aLll leql uolluau ol ]oN u"11o'"n,1 llaqllnoqeuJealplnoLlsno,{'eleqllo^Bl}oluasoqsen,no{seuoossv'salnllloql}o ,uor1e1sr6a1 o} }ou pue J|aql lelncrped 1nq ir" ,rlrd no[ 11 no[ enr6ro; l1rrvr {poqou 'sMel ^^oul raqlouv letcos ol palelol sr lurod luepodtut fu1unoc raqloue ol l"n"riol itqtssoo sl]l 'lllouoq Jno ol 6utqlaulos ebueqc lo sa^laslno lcelotd ol op plnoc aMaloLuoq}.txaL|}}noqe}nopul}p|noca^^oJol.tJeql.uotlsanbutbutIesaqlolfuelluoS 'suolsoloxa pu"';uonnglod lre 's1ue1d pue sleullue snole6uep 'se6ueqc loqlea^A "o "a,suorlerpel se qcns ,fuobalec slq] olul llel 1eq1 salduexa ]o apnll]lnu e ale relos aJoql'sn}cojjel.uopAaqluBauJ},Usaop_Uo|}eulo}u|JolcBlloecuelou6|}o}nolaq}|o eq ,ter.u a/v\ leql lcel aq] lnq 'ppo/\^ lelnleu aql euros io ere^eun "u5urou"qdt"qt soui,ll Jo lol e 1o^|ge1o1 iacuenbesuoe aq] pue sasnec olll 'asn aq1 '6utueeu u1 eceld "rt"i pullueunH 'alnleu Jo s/v\el oLll lnoqe lultl] s'lal 'I11slt1 0urAr1 o1 11r1s sl oql lno etn6tl "'llB le no{ pnq },usoop q}nrl 1fuel1uoc otll uO eqlourrnoulUoqMsuo|}en1ts[ueulalealaql.os{luessecou}ous.}l.onJ}punos{eu1t e pasn uaoq seq 6ut{es stql ua^o 'uolutdo At-u u; 'ectlou plnoc I se Jel se ''tpueca.l lol Jr

6u1eq-11enn

pue ssouln1aceed lnoA lcege ],usaop

]Bt-'lM =

no,{ Puago },usaop }e{/v\ =

nof ruo:; {enne lel st = noA ynq 1'ue3

,{11euotlotue noA qcnol },usaop }eQM 6u1uree1 prone Ilelelaqrlep noI leq/v\

-

lnoqe lno puno1 l,uoneq noA setl pue slllnJ|

no[ uol11de1 s1a:ces

=

-

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nol7eql4

wexa Cvg ail to1 lastnol aLedat4

a

Lt,t

f.

lo oi 6

v+\

pu

u 'uoslod ]eq] Jo firnrlcefqo pue Lllleaq Jo olels aq] atolsal o] uJnl ur fu1 plnom LlstrlM 'uals{s aunuur-olne oLll tllleq ue3 }t os pue ,posnjuoc pue Azzrp puul aql sareu ]eq] crlooJeu ;n;:eirnod e poopul aq uec epud ,q}1nn apnlcuoc o1 'oJnlleJ pue 'tealap o1 auo.rd orou aujocaq os pue ,sssl luor.uluroddesrp lrol 'ssal uJeol fir;rqedec pue onle^ uMo Joll/srrl inoqe suorsnllr

'ssel 1q0r1 Lueql aleur uec 1eq1 o1 1nd aq uos:ed e areur uec

{q daals

acuotcsuoc aLll

JoJ 11ld

apud;o

6ur1ee1 0uo.r1s

ourdeals e se osle uaos aq plnoc ,,3tlocleu,, rulol

v

.uor}uol}e pue

ltP il"

]eq

alll 'ojotuJoqunj

']rjo uMoplnLls e ortl aJou suorlcunJ il se 'ute1s,{s ounulur-o}ne aqt o} oll}tl ool op ue3 epr.rd suol}ueu 1eq1 el0nb aq1 z{qm sr srLll 'olqrcur^ur laeJ no,( ueqnn nor{ punore s:a6uep alqrssoo aq} o} uale pue Inlorec oq o] 'alqrssodnrr iou ll 'llnc[Jlp {1euar1xa s,}r osnesaq ,{q-puels purr e o}ur io sosuas:nor ;1e lnd uec )eLl] ]uaurolrcxo pue sseurddeq oruaJlxa 6ur1ee1 eql nori senr0 1o 1i osnecoq srlocJeu lnpannod e oq ue3 apud :eleq al0nb aq1 qilnn ear6e {le1rugap ,rlleuosred 1

'slca#a s1r lsure6e ]q6U o] sl llncUltp Moq pue oq uec epud sno:aouep oq osrleal eldoad rurq] ],uop 1 rileleunpolun 'pa^arqce eneq {aql1eq,rn ^ plnol ol a)rl lle pue eueJ pue ssacsns ]noqe sllB] rpoqr.rena sriepe,rnop

10 pnold loaj

'spi LUO

uo pu

iierl SUO

oit

pue

iapr luor.uuoJtAUo OLll

tuoil:e6uep ,{ue lsure6e no{ s1calo_rd = ycrs burpab uo:1 no{ sluena:d = LtlgJszfs aunwwFoJnv sra0uep leuJolxa

ol

-

poor.r tnoA sa6ueqc pue suotsnllt nor{ senr6

=

ssoullole s,r{poq pue s,pulul :no,{ seqstulullp

sl

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uoseol

apl_ror

o.J

]ouur

;ee: {ue }noq}t^ po}toxo pue {ddeq lee; no{ so)eu = crJolJefr! enblun pue &eurploellxa

burqleuos pa^otqce Ourneq ]o 6ur1aa1 oUl = s:aqlo eq1 o1 .rouedns 6uleq Jo asuos ell] =

6urnt

'slua :sp.rop1

{ey

'spoc pu

sl

JO U wexa CVg

aqy to1

llastnol etedat4

Prepare yoursetf for the BAC exam

11.

.s-

Key Words:

1

country

= level of civilisation = tow level of selfishness = professionals in all fields Development of a country = high standard of living

Education of a

= good care

for all categories

z-

a o

PeoPle

= verY good financial situation

= low rate of criminalitY

that many economic sectors have been Enjoying the status of developed country implies quality of life' technology and developed to meet certain standards: ihe finances, the continue' But none of them is can list the political relations and communication, tourism,

can be attained only possible without a civilrsed population. And in my opinion, this

through education. are good specialists in as many fields First of all, what a developing country really needs on how to handle different as possible. Without them ind without valuable knowledge is not possible. And new situations and how to improve the existing ones, development you cannot have such specialists without proper education' its population has a high living Secondly, living in a developed country also means that way they live, but also wishing standard and high morals. They should be happy with the will only lead the country to an for the better. Average people with average aspirations the population's selfaverage type of O"uLtLpt"nt, not proficiency. Consequently, education that can only and it is awareness and impetus for self-development are needed, trigger them.

some point, this |eve| can't be Third|y, no matier how developed a country may be at efforts towards it' Development maintarned if people don't have it as a purpose and make should change' too' knowledge is a process of continual change and so mentality and generation' after generation There is no other way to do it except by educating

most important factor in a To conclude with, I strongly believe that education is the forces involved together allthe drawing of means country's development. ltis the only better' so that they can function better and

138

Key Wo

a 1ods e6en6uel auo .uosi.:*:: 'sary;enb aql uo snco; pue sllne1 ltaq] to1 sseuenr6Joj ,suotlualur poo6 ae---2.=-= q}tM 'ra}}aq [poqeuos Moul o] 6urpa6 ,i:- __ iou saop 'syed peq pue poob JtaL{} lle 'suotlelol peq ltoql tol e6en6uel oll] alrelq o] JteJun st os 'e6en6ue1 aules aq] 6ur>1ea:s lt suolleu aptsut s! leq]'suotleu lualaJjrp ut slctlluos lesol ]o oseoJ3ut ue sl s{epe,,,',:ssou]tM uec oM leqm '{lpuocos 'laLlcu eulocaq o} laplo ur tood aq1 1o aoelue^pe a)iel ol lueM sfenn1e lltM lenpt^tput qcu {ue se 'burpue}sropun leraue6 poo6 {;uessecau ueau.r lou op suotlelaj 6urpe:1 poo6 'rt1eleunlolun '{uouoce 1eqo16 eq1lo 6urpue}sJepun l3}}eq e 'I11sr1 '6ur:q p;nonn 'aptmpllon ueyods 'aben6ue; uoruLuoc e leq^ oas s,]al ,Mou puv 'socuaJo#rp aql ueql Jolllel ulall] uaaM]3q salltJeltults aq] uo snsoJ plnoLJs a;doed 'uotlectunulutoc poo6 JoJ ']sel ]oN 'so^lasuleq] ol anl] pue aot] eq o] paou s,rtpoqfuane osle pue Jaqloue ouo uoaMloq so3ualaj]tp eql idecce pue eopelnoulce plnoqs eldoad 'puo3os 'sa^losr.xoql oulpue;ep {;arau.r st t.lctqM auo Jor-iloue pue 6uuenbuoc ut polsololut uotleu e uoo^ laq 6ulpuelsiapur^ :]cadxo ol llnct#lp st lt slsoialur 1ecr1r1od uoLuuloc eq plnoM 6urq1 lstr1 aLl] Jro eljc 'llaM 'ueour suotleloJ leuotleurolut Ja]]aq ]eqM uo {11s:r; snco; plnoqs aM }eq} laptsuc3 'puocos aql ol peol I;uessecau plnom ouo ]sr4 eq] ]eql ]qnop {laiacurs lnq 's{epennou sojtsop {poqftena }eqM ale suot}eloJ leuot}euJo}ut Ja}}aq pue ept^\p ,: ,,, poolslopun aq o1 a6en6uel ouo ueou | 'sonsst r1}oq }eq} st aJns lo1 {es uec I :€-,,,

]salel

auaq] DUE tnoqe

aL.l]

eln1nl Iu.r JoJ pue uego ztan asn?3( :IAqLUOIUeJ eldoe

Jo slnj oql alorq {Jqeqo.rd llrM setn aceJ jo uos eulos ol pasn lt se a.Jnlr

se roLl]to putuJ Jn

oJoru or.ll 'drssc 'sseussoloJBc pue ried ,{la1rugap

'qcnu

ll

slsl;eu:nof oq] 'solnJ Jo fuoOaiec 'sJeql( salnJ pue SUot]tls_

suorle;nbet 1o sa oJe

ajoql't!ol{}

u

elaql'6ur>1eetq a slsaJolur lecr]tlod uoultroc satdoed

-

'>

-7

luoJe#rp uoal loq socueleJjtp oq] io 6urpuelslepun poo6 = suo1epJ puorJeuJalut JallaB suolsnc pue sajnllns uoo^ laq

'Iluofer-u oql olqur( raquoujaj oM le puedep asaq] lle ]eqM JOqUoLual o

secuaJoJJrp

otll a^losal ]ou

soop

suorlenlts elqrssod ur

-

'gtJeunl

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11e

roqlo qceo puelsJopun

o] elqe 6uraq e;doed

;ge =

apuvppov ua4ods abenbuelaug

'uossal elqe 'sn pajess

day

:' wexa CVg aLll toJ Jtssrno{ atedat4

,ta ?:st",u_yoy::!J:,

the BAc exam

14. Living longer good = = what

|r

pr,"rrll.l- lmgrovethehealth-: hvgiene, food,

quality of life, etc eoucation, com#;i:,?J;:u1:.nnu'"'securitv' nrresent yersus p?sl _ rho i-r^^ Dast = the idea of cl from historical, t".rrnotsiJ"l,il:19-:, nedtcal and educational point of view =

wnar.lly-llod'"ts,

-

:*x1?J:,1ilft'fffi: :,::,n rr. m m y p. n, :? : [:: l':::":" oi s u;'u ;"#,?'?r ILgi i,,.:i:j l:'l : . ou, "", ln

:* ",{* : :,,xf li-

"?:'""t?

n

il?H l.::il:*i'#;# Another key reasor

o

ffif

",.

io,

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r""pi'"; ,T: ff::ilj ;X,il":::s or the importan :::::,. ,"iir, Peopre's houses crean made J,'""rIJ,s" l"?ll:i'f^and ,,?:t^llg':ne' j"#.J,?l,li jil:iii,T5:1*:?,iT::,ffi ,h.J jffi j,$;";:ft 3;jJ danserous

il

A third reason,

""""

,, nr^h.hr,,

-vv

:*,iilii,

tuurr(J tnem already in

^^r,

a better

mru',ll;fr[T[fT:T',{rtl"'H-:"::]lcountries'isthe

Jil,i."iHH:nl***ll;ril",:"x"j:.T+,i+i:lU+i":;llilHr,# oenefit from them will rot or other is i:ffi":J;il'j:,,n"*,f ,? ;:;ffi

ilt*:81{ffi*fqi,i'Fr3:rr:H"*J"i111#n'{!fi :i1T:il,lt?: r;";;[lln-$#rr"vj"f:"tfl

-14f-

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r: i

ifi

X ?:":: ?Jalloq l"' i oursn le : atuooaq

i!.Jl il: ;:: [:L'J 3IJX,:il fi : I l^: iff;. " ; i : . o1 a:edeld uec enn ,."r;*""',X'--t:.: in ,,* ,n"u'"lllfi:i::?:L;:il::,jj:;;- ,:-,=_.

Jo

.luolxe

Jole

eJll pue .ple4e

sp

ujP I ,{ue

.s.reqlo

oI paleloJ sr

Dul^ll rjJo4 al(

=

?:,,:ff::";lruJoluon",u,ru,ros,p," Aes ue3 1 's'iepennou elduexe u"

-io1 ."n1".rno e:ede.rd ue3 a^ os pue _s_: ::_- : 1ecrirl0d pue "v:it crurouoca 'rercos j'-'rn ,"", .],"^" a,nln, Jo adAl leqm lcrpa,: :s uec oM 'aJo[! 'oJn]nJ s,]eqM rno JoJ op oM qcntrj Moq s"n1r.rno pue sJno sr qlnor uo {;e,r1ua sp:aJa: := pue eJaLr qlnortosnecog sr 'aJnlnJ eledaro poopur ue3 3", :-: "q1,o1

pue op 11e a,rn 6urql peq pue poo6 fiena pue qcea ourpnycur ]llnq slernlnl aq] leql

.,";%.J,":,:lli"l-.=; , ol loN .,,reptt,, e oq rouum,,^ororoi,, e pue lJin: _, =:

nnou z{;uo sr arn}n, :?]luelu 1eq1 6urq1 1ecr001

r,'1,

qlnoi{.lno JoJ ornjnJ e prrnq .ro,eerc " io__3: :, sLUaas sa^las.,no".nra"q roJ p!e op uec irroJ eM,"u^ u^, __;,-=, all poo6.e lo'ri"rp-rr!'o^ se",,UorJpre ;*

llllr4

ujaql

[r.jo]

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r

aJe oJoql Je{.jl

1",.o.;o rolloq

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,

sr arnln, aqi pue aoe

inq 'ornlry$,^q

pue

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ile lso.rJre

6r,r.,"cro"

sonssr aql Jo auo ,uoes e^elr

1

.'_=- ..

eJnc e o^eq ol s 'stuleO

pue sasn aq.L 'qcJeaser l

'll

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)er

,", lrl

'

llrM Jno 'f qdosopqd ojtl Jno ,stuetel pue slllls Jno asn ,op enn ,{enn aql ol oA leqM Op e^ MOq ,op oM "nrq ]eqM ,a"nlonr, sn uo I;ureu spuedep = q1noI tno plrng =

eJdoed

oql,sorrruej rno,suorJrpu;j

3ffj;

pue leroos 'luauurenoo lecol aql ."nionri sn uo {1a:r1ue puadep Jou sooo wexa ovg

aL17

to1

'uortecnpe =

= oJnlnl eLll

pltng

:sp"to,7rr1

,Ar_

,a]il . clo',euar6{. t 'pooJ

,{ay

llasioi aEail)