Presentation is an outline of the process and stages involved in preparing a Detailed Project Report (DPR) for Road and ...
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Presentation on Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) for Road Projects
By Rathnakara Reddy KB Managing Director
Infra Support Engineering Consultants Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore
[email protected] www.infrasupport.in
May 14, 2012, Bangalore
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Preparation of DPR involves following components 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
Understanding Scope of Work Traffic Surveys Engineering Investigations Detailed Designs Tender and Construction Drawings Project Costing Economic Analysis Formulation of Construction Packages Compiling Project Report
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Scope of Services UNDERSTANDING THE TOR
• • •
First and foremost thing is to study carefully and understand the Terms of Reference (ToR) or Scope of Services of the project. Once the ToR is understood, the conceptualization of the project would be easy. Mostly the ToR for a particular type of projects remains same across any organization. – Duration of the Project, Phases (Feasibility, PPR, DPR) and Reporting requirements – Proposals for improvements, if any, (type of cross section, grade separators, major Bridges, Bypasses etc.) – Any special types of Surveys and project specific considerations – Requirements for Economic and Financial Analysis, – Issues on Right of Way (RoW) and Land Acquisition – Social and Environmental surveys
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
SURVEYS AND INVESTIGATIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Reconnaissance Survey Traffic Surveys Topographic Surveys Engineering Surveys Soil & Material Investigations Social And Environmental Surveys
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) Traffic Surveys • The initial task of identifying the homogeneous traffic links shall be undertaken on the identified road sections • homogeneous traffic links will be established through identification of the major intersections and urban centres. • The fixation of locations will be made for traffic volume surveys, both at mid sections and intersections
•
Traffic Volume Surveys
•
O-D And Commodity Surveys
•
Turning Movement Surveys
•
Parking Surveys
•
Speed And Delay Surveys
•
Cross Pedestrian And Animal Surveys
•
Axle Load Surveys
•
Truck Terminal Surveys
•
Willingness to pay Surveys
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) Traffic Volume Count Survey Formats
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) Traffic Volume Count Survey Formats
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) TRFFIC FORECASTING • Traffic volume count survey gives ADT • ADT is to be converted to AADT based on seasonal variation factors • seasonal variation factors can be obtained by fuel consumption rates or past trafic data • AADT thus obtained shall be used as base year traffic • Traffic is to be forecasted for at least next 10 years • Traffic Growth rates can be obtained using – –
Trend Analysis Econometric Model
– A more rational method will be to establish a relationship between the socioeconomic variables such as Population, Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) and Per-Capita Income (PCI) on the one hand and the past registration data of different categories of vehicles on the other to determine the elasticity of transport demand with respect to different categories of vehicles. According to IRC: 108 - 1996, an econometric model should be derived
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) Axle Load Surveys • Traffic loading has a significant impact on pavement performance and design. • damage that vehicles create to a road depends very strongly on the axle loads of the vehicles. • The exact relationship is influenced by the type of road structure and the way the road deteriorates but a `fourth power’ damage law gives a good approximation. – –
Measurements will be made for two days over a 24-hour period on random sampling basis. analyse the axle load survey data to bring out the Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) and Single Axle Load (SAL) distributions by truck type and axle configuration.
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
AXLE LOAD SURVEY CALCULATIONS
Date & 31/01/2011 Time
Section : Location : Chainage :
Type : 2 Axle
Direction : Wheel Load (Tonnes) Direction
ESWL
Type*
Individual VDF
Axle 1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
FW
RW
FW
RW
VDF
DIR_01
2
1.9
1.75
0
0
0
0.4657
0.4289
0.05
0.03
0.08
DIR_01
2
1.8
4
0
0
0
0.4412
0.9804
0.04
0.92
0.96
DIR_01
2
2.6
6
0
0
0
0.6373
1.4706
0.16
4.68
4.84
DIR_01
2
2.2
1.95
0
0
0
0.5392
0.4779
0.08
0.05
0.14
DIR_01
2
1.8
1.5
0
0
0
0.4412
0.3676
0.04
0.02
0.06
DIR_01
2
1.8
4
0
0
0
0.4412
0.9804
0.04
0.92
0.96
DIR_01
2
1.8
2
0
0
0
0.4412
0.4902
0.04
0.06
0.10
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) Multi Axle Vehicle Wheel Load (Tonnes) ESWL Direction
Type*
Individual VDF VDF
Axle 1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
FW
RW1
RW2
RW3
FW
RW1
RW2
RW3
DIR_01
4
2.2
1.9
1.45
1.6
0
0
0.539
0.466
0.408
0.000
0.085
0.047
0.028
0.000
0.16
DIR_01
4
2.9
5.7
6.3
4.2
0
0
0.711
1.397
1.403
0.000
0.255
3.809
3.875
0.000
7.94
DIR_01
4
1.7
2.95
4.1
4.9
0
0
0.417
0.723
1.203
0.000
0.030
0.273
2.091
0.000
2.39
DIR_01
4
1.8
4.75
5.1
5.15
0
0
0.441
1.164
1.370
0.000
0.038
1.837
3.519
0.000
5.39
DIR_01
4
2.3
1.8
1.45
1.5
0
0
0.564
0.441
0.394
0.000
0.101
0.038
0.024
0.000
0.16
DIR_01
4
2.15
4.35
1.55
3.65
0
0
0.527
1.066
0.695
0.000
0.077
1.292
0.233
0.000
1.60
DIR_01
4
1.9
4.5
5.6
4.55
0
0
0.466
1.103
1.356
0.000
0.047
1.480
3.383
0.000
4.91
DIR_01
4
3
5.2
5.6
4.5
0
0
0.735
1.275
1.350
0.000
0.292
2.639
3.317
0.000
6.25
DIR_01
4
2.1
6.2
6.45
6.85
0
0
0.515
1.520
1.777
0.000
0.070
5.332
9.974
0.000
15.38
DIR_01
4
2.5
3.2
5.6
5
0
0
0.613
0.784
1.416
0.000
0.141
0.378
4.024
0.000
4.54
DIR_01
4
2.8
5.65
6.2
4.2
0
0
0.686
1.385
1.390
0.000
0.222
3.678
3.729
0.000
7.63
DIR_01
4
2.8
4
5.5
4
0
0
0.686
0.980
1.269
0.000
0.222
0.924
2.596
0.000
3.74
DIR_01
4
2.1
4.5
2.05
3.6
0
0
0.515
1.103
0.755
0.000
0.070
1.480
0.325
0.000
1.87
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
VDF CALCULATIONS
VDF RHS
Vehicle Type LHS
AVG
LCV
0.08
0.13
0.10
2 Axle
2.90
1.10
2.00
3 Axle
4.85
3.24
4.04
MA
7.27
9.89
8.58
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Engineering Surveys And Investigation Road Inventory Survey Inventory And Condition Assessment Of Existing Cross Drainage Structures Preparation Of Strip Plan Assess Adequacy Of Drainage Pavement Condition Survey Pavement Roughness Survey Pavement Composition Survey Benkelman Beam Deflection (Bbd) Survey
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Road Inventory Survey • The Road Inventory survey consists of recording the physical features along and across the project road in a prescribed format. – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Average width of pavement, shoulders and formation Surface type of carriageway and shoulders Right of Way (ROW) Average embankment, height, type and condition Location of major Bridges, RoBs, Flyovers. Type and location of Side Drains Road Side Land Use Utility lines and trees within the boundaries Location and Condition of Traffic Sign Boards Location of Bus stops, Parking areas and other amenities Location of Major industries and business centers Location and details of cross roads Sight distance details Perched water table, HFL, Depth of submergence the road is subject to Areas subject to chronic flooding and submergence Recording urban and Rural areas, name of places and settlements
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) ROAD INVENTORY SURVEY Name of the road:
Date:
Direction: Chainage(k m)
Carriageway
Shoulder Width(M)
From
To
Width (M)
0
1
3.75
SDBC 1.7P,1.1E
1
2
3.75
2
2.5
2.5
3
Type
Left
Right
Ht. Of Fill/cut (m) extent of slope Terrai Type n type Left Right erosion
Geometrics Land use
Soil type Horizontal Vertical
Plain
2
-
SiltyNo Erosion Agricultural Clay
SDBC 1.0B,1.0E 1.0B,1.0E
Plain
1.5
1.5
SiltyNo Erosion Agricultural Clay
3.75
SDBC 1.0B,1.0E 1.0B,1.0E
Plain
1.5
3
3.75
SDBC 1.0B,1.0E 1.0B,1.0E
Plain
1.3
1.5
SiltyNo Erosion Agricultural Clay
3.2
3.75
SDBC 1.0B,1.0E 1.0B,1.0E
Plain
1.2
1.3
SiltyNo Erosion Agricultural Clay
1.1B
No Erosion
Industrial
SiltyClay
LC
SC
-
Major Jn.
SH
Enroute Draina villages ge
-
OK
valley
-
OK
-
-
OK
-
ABC
OK
Poor
Remarks
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Inventory and Condition Assessment of Existing Cross Drainage Structures • The location of each bridge and culvert shall be recorded, along with its type and the carriageway width. • A detailed inspection of bridges and culverts shall be carried out to assess their condition. This would lead to a report preparation on condition of bridges and structures. • The structures, which show deficiency in terms of capacity and strength, shall be reviewed in the light of repair/rehabilitation possibilities with suitable recommendations.
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
INVENTORY AND CONDITION SURVEY OF CULVERTS
CH
Structu Span re No. (m)
Total Road Opening Width Level from Height (m) (m) Bed (m)
Superstructure Substructure / HFL from Flow / Pipe Headwall Bed Directi Local on Enquiry Type Material Type Material
Foundation
Wing Wall / Return Wall
Type Material Details Condition
Railing / Parapet
Details
Condition
General Condition
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Assess Adequacy of Drainage • Inadequacy of drainage reflects in terms of fast deterioration of the pavement as well as causes inconvenience to the traffic, – – – –
General condition of drainage Connectivity of drainage turnouts en-route into the network topography Condition in cut sections Condition at embankments
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Pavement Condition Survey • Detailed field studies shall be carried out to assess the adequacy and effectiveness of the existing pavement. The data Shall generally cover – – – –
Pavement condition (surface distress type and extent) Shoulder condition Embankment condition Drainage condition
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) PAVEMENT CONDITION SURVEY Name of Road: Direction: Chainage(KM) From
To
Date: Cracking % area Narrow Wide Potholes Patching 3mm Area% Area%
Ravelling Area%
Edge Break %length
Unpaved Shoulder Dropoff Depressio Material (mm) n(mm) loss(M^3)
Remarks
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Pavement Roughness Survey • Roughness is a critical attribute for modeling the economic variables of investment. The roughness is measured in International Roughness Index (IRI), the unit of IRI is m/km. • The roughness surveys shall be conducted using a fifth wheel Bump Integrator (preferably vehicle equipped with ROMDAS). • The test vehicle shall be run on the wheel path on both the directions preferably three times and the average result is reported as the IRI.
IRI
Kilometerwise IRI 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 52
56
60
64
68
72
76
80
84
88
92
96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 Chainage
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Summary Chainage Percentage distribution of IRI
Roughness (IRI) IRI >=10 7%
From
To
1
2
4.5
2
3
5.14
IRI 2.5-5 0% IRI 5-8 45%
IRI 8-10 48%
Percentage Distribution of IRI
Section Avg. Roughness (IRI)
….. 3
4
4.08
4
5
5.26
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Pavement Composition Survey • To know the pavement composition and to collect the soil samples for testing, trial pits of size 1m x 1m shall be made at the interface of pavement with shoulders according to the following procedure: – – –
Mark the location of the pit-half on the pavement and balance on the shoulders. Dismantle the marked area to full depth of pavement. Ascertain the pavement composition
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Summary of Pavement Composition Data
Thickness in MM Chainage
Direction
Testpit No BT
WBM
GSB
Sand Filling
Subgrade
Total Thickness (MM)
0+250
UP
UP-TP-1
20
225
150
-
300
395
1+500
UP
UP-TP-2
25
225
150
100
-
400
2+000
DN
UP-TPC-1
2+500
DN
UP-TP-3
3+000
UP
UP-TP-4
3+500
DN
UP-TPC-2
4+000
UP
UP-TP-5
4+500
DN
UP-TP-6
5+000
UP
UP-TPC-3
5+500
DN
UP-TP-7
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Benkelman Beam Deflection (BBD) Survey • The procedure for carrying out BBD survey shall be in conformity with IRC:811997. Deflections are measured at 50m intervals staggered on both directions of traffic and then apply the method of cumulative differences to divide the sections for arriving at the characteristic deflections. – – – –
Traffic regulation arrangement during carrying out Benkelman Beam Deflection surveys shall be as follows Cordon the area with suitably spaced cones and provide temporary traffic signs. Carryout the Benkelman Beam survey work. Shift the cones and temporary signs to next location.
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Dial Gauge Reading Station
(km) 0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.800 0.900 1.000
Initial
Intermedi ate
Final
(Div) 18.98 16.45 19.57 17.55 19.29 18.11 17.66 15.92 19.72 16.98 18.56
(Div) 18.82 16.3 19.5 17.42 19.17 18.03 17.52 15.84 19.57 16.82 18.37
(Div) 18.81 16.29 19.5 17.41 19.16 18.01 17.52 15.83 19.56 16.8 18.36
Characteri Mean Seasona Standard stic Calculation of Deflections Deflecti l Deviation Deflectio Correct on /km Pavem Temp. Field Correcti n Subgra ed ent Correcti Moistur on de PI Deflecti Appare e Beam True Temp. on Factor, on Differenc nt Correcti Deflecti m d Dc=m+2d As Per e Deflecti on on IRC 81: on 1997 (%) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (OC) (mm) (%) 0.01 0.34 0.00 0.34 17 0.18 8.0 7.1 1.39 0.72 0.01 0.32 0.00 0.32 17 0.18 8.0 7.1 1.39 0.70 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.14 17 0.18 8.0 7.1 1.39 0.44 0.01 0.28 0.00 0.28 17 0.18 8.0 7.1 1.39 0.64 0.01 0.26 0.00 0.26 17 0.18 8.0 7.1 1.39 0.61 0.62 0.10 0.83 0.02 0.20 0.00 0.20 17 0.18 8.0 7.1 1.39 0.53 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.28 17 0.18 8.0 7.1 1.39 0.64 0.01 0.18 0.00 0.18 17 0.18 8.0 7.1 1.39 0.50 0.01 0.32 0.00 0.32 17 0.18 8.0 7.1 1.39 0.70 0.02 0.36 0.00 0.36 17 0.18 8.0 7.1 1.39 0.75 0.01 0.40 0.00 0.40 17 0.18 8.0 7.1 1.39 0.81
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
The summary of Benkelman Beam Deflection data is as follows
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Material Investigations Existing Sub-Grade And Embankment Soils Construction Materials Investigation Borrow Areas Quarries For Aggregates Quarries For Sand Sources For Other Construction Materials
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) Material Investigations • Material investigation aims at collecting all material samples that is being used under the present road and anticipated borrow material and subject to standard testing procedure to recommend most appropriate designs – – – – – –
Soil sampling, field density tests and laboratory tests on existing sub-grade and soil sampling of embankment soils. Investigating borrow materials for embankment, sub-grade and granular sub-base. Investigating aggregate and sand quarries Locating water sources for construction work Identifying sources for other construction material such as cement, bitumen and steel. Samples of borrow soils, sand, crushed rock and gravel for use in embankment, and pavement structure.
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Material Quarry Map
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) •
Subgrade Soil Samples – – – – – –
The tests being performed are Grain size distribution test for each sample, Atterberg limits for each sample, Moisture density relationship (Heavy Compaction) for each sample, Unsoaked CBR tests at optimum moisture content at three energy levels. Four days soaked CBR at three energy levels on each homogenous group of soils. Soaked CBR at FDD and 97% of the MDD is to be determined from the graphs plotted for CBR vs Density at three energy levels.
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) Testing Codes Adopted Type of Test Field dry density using sand replacement method Field dry density using core cutter method Moisture content determination Atterberg limits Sieve analysis - natural soils - rock aggregate Compaction test (Heavy Compaction) CBR and Swell (Soaked and unsoaked at three energy levels for sub-grade) Aggregate impact value Coating and stripping of Bitumen aggregate mixtures Soundness of Aggregates Flakiness and Elongation Index Water Absorption and Specific Gravity of aggregate Stone Polishing Value 10 % Fines Value for Aggregate
Method IS 2720 Part 28 IS 2720 Part 29 IS 2720 Part 2 (section I) IS 2720 Part 5 IS 2720 Part 4 IS 2386 Part 1 IS 2720 Part 8 IS 2720 Part 16 IS 2386 Part 4 IS 6241 IS 2386 Part 5 IS 2386 Part 1 IS 2386 Part 3 BS 812 Part 114 BS 812 Part 111
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) Topographic Surveys • Topographical survey is the backbone of detailed engineering design. • Accuracy of the information collected during this survey has direct bearing on almost all the design activities involved in project preparation. • The beginning of topographical surveys is made with collection of preliminary information of latitude and longitude of the region as well as approximate reduced level above mean sea from Survey of India maps available in the region – – – – –
Setting up permanent bench marks and control stations to be used during construction Establishment of horizontal control with GPS to have unique coordinate system of northing and easting along the project corridor Establishment of vertical control to have the elevation coordinate hooked to nearest GTS stations along the project corridor Collection of Digital Terrain Model data containing the existing highway, rivers, streams and other topographical features to form the basis for the new designs; Preparation of base plans containing the entire natural and man made features like buildings, fences, walls, utilities, temples and other religious structures etc. that would govern the finalisation of horizontal alignment.
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
CLV01
X
CLV01
X EPL01
CLV01
X X
EPR01
CLV02
EPL01
CLV01
X X EPR01
CLV02
X
•
Coding for various types of features is comprised of four characters. The first two characters describe the type of feature and the last two characters indicate the string number. The string number i.e. the last two characters are alphanumeric, such as, A1-A9, BOB9.......... ZO- Z9, AA-AZ, BA-BZ, .…….. ZA- ZZ.
X
• •
CLV02
CLV02
BG01
BG01
BG01
BG01
BG02
BG02
BG02
BG02
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Cross Sections •
•
• • • • • • •
With a view to obtain an accurate surface cross section on the pavement shall be collected at 25 m intervals at the tangent sections and 10-25m in curve sections. The cross-sections levels were taken on the embankment profile or ground as necessary to define ground profile, properly. Center line of carriageway (Code CC**); Edge of carriageway (Code CE**); Paved shoulder (Code SH**). This is where the seal has been extended past the normal edge of the road to include a part of the shoulder; Edge of shoulder (Code SS**); Where ** indicates left or right string Point on undisturbed original ground level (OG); Point on partially or completely filled surface of the top of embankment/ formation (ET**) Point on bottom of embankment (EB**); Where ** indicates left or right string
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Cross Section of Road in Topographic Survey
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) 4.0 DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN 4.1 Engineering Design 4.1.1
Highway Geometric Design
4.1.2
Design Of Built-up Areas
4.1.3
Design Of Pavement And Shoulders
4.1.4
Overlay Design
4.1.5
Design Of Service Road And Bypass
4.1.6
Design Of Embankments
4.1.7
Design Of Roadside Drainage
4.1.8
Detailed Design Of Bridges/Structures
4.1.9
Design Of Arboricultural And Landscaping
4.1.10
Design Of Intersection And Interchange
4.1.11
Design Of Traffic Safety Features, Road Furniture And Road Markings
4.1.13
Weighing Station, Parking Areas And Rest Areas
4.1.14
Design Of Wayside Amenities
4.1.15
Design Of Communication System
4.1.16
Design Of Bus-Bays And Lay-By
4.1.17
Design Of Miscellaneous Items
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) 5.1 Project Costing 5.1.1
Finalisation Of Unit Rates
4.1.2
Preliminary Estimate Of Quantities
4.1.3
Preliminary Costing
5.2 Economic Analysis 5.2.1
Construction/Improvement Cost
5.2.2
Vehicle Operating Costs And Time Costs
5.2.3
Accident Costs
5.2.4
Social And Environmental Costs
5.2.5
Estimation Of Project Benefits
5.2.6
Economic Analysis By Section
5.2.7
Finalisation Of Improvement Option
5.3 Financial Analysis 5.3.1
Determination Of Toll Rates
5.3.2
Compilation Of Project Costs
5.3.3
Identification Of Preliminary Project Revenue Stream
5.3.4
Financial Analysis
5.4 Formulation Of Construction Packages 5.5 Submission Of Project Report
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) Highway Geometric Design • Horizontal Alignment: The proposed centerline shall be finalised using a sophisticated highway design software, All the curves having poor geometry shall be improved to the acceptable design standards
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) •
Vertical Profile: The existing longitudinal section of the project road shall be obtained from modeling the ground data. The finished profile shall depend on the thickness of the pavement layer determined from pavement design provision for necessary profile corrective and camber corrective course. – – –
Avoid cutting/scraping of existing pavement at strengthening only sections Compatibility of design speed to horizontal geometry of the section Provide adequate vertical curve at the grade change from stopping sight distance criterion.
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) •
Cross Section: The proposed cross sections are broadly composed of carriageway, medians, raised footpath, hard shoulders, earth shoulder and drainage provisions. While running cross-sections care shall be taken in applying appropriate super elevation parameters, strengthening & widening, and improvement options based on rural, built-up etc.
•
The earthwork in cutting and filling shall be obtained form the software directly at a specified interval along with Mass haul diagram.
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Design of Built-upAreas • This activity shall focus on design of urban areas in the form of parking lane, service road, sidewalk and roadside drainage underneath the sidewalk etc. All these details shall be clearly shown in the horizontal plan and also typical cross sections shall be prepared. Design of Pavement and Shoulders Overlay Design • The performance of pavement in terms of functional performance, structural performance, structural capacity, and safety contribute to the need for an overlay. • Functional performance refers to the ability of the pavement surface to provide a reasonable riding quality measured in terms of roughness. • Structural performance is the ability to retain the integrity of the pavement by preventing distress in the form of cracks, ruts, potholes, etc. • Structural capacity is the pavement's ability to accommodate the axle load on the pavement. Safety aspect refers mainly the skid resistance and hydroplaning potential.
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Design of Service Road and Bypass • This activity shall focus on design of service road and bypass in terms of number of lanes and pavement composition. • The local traffic component shall be segregated and would determine the number of lanes to be provided in the service road. Depending on this traffic loading and soil investigation already carried out, the pavement composition shall be decided. Design of Embankments • The embankments would be designed after detailed analysis and as per the relevent standards and latest software available. General design parameters shall follow IRC guidelines. Design of Roadside Drainage • Drainage is an important aspect in the design of highway. With poor drainage conditions the pavement will not sustain till the end of design life. – – – – –
Design of kutcha drain on both sides near RoW limits in rural sections Covered pucca drains near urban areas if necessary Design of chutes in high embankment areas for drainage of surface water In super elevation sections median drains shall be provided As a slope protection measure for high embankment section, turfing on slopes or pitching shall be designed as per the design standards.
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) Detailed Design of Bridges/Structures • Based on the detailed survey, sub-surface investigation and design standards and specifications developed bridge/structures shall be designed. • General design parameters and loadings shall follow IRC guidelines, amended when necessary in consultation with client. • In selecting foundation type, the consultant shall also take into account the time required for construction of alternatives, and give preference to those which minimise construction time. • In developing the standard designs and for those designs, which cannot be standardized, computer programs for design and drawing shall be used extensively. On the basis of the investigation and design standards, detailed designs for minor bridges and culverts shall be prepared. • Design of Arboricultural and Landscaping • Appropriate plans shall be developed for planting of trees, horticulture and floriculture on the unused land of the RoW in order to beautify the project corridor view and improve the overall aesthetics.
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) Design of Intersection and Interchange • To avoid skew crossing wherever possible • To provide control radius of minimum 12.5 m for right turning traffic • To provide radius of minimum 9.0m for left turning traffic • To provide maximum possible length for weaving section in case of rotary • To provide 3.0m additional width of carriageway at weaving sections • To provide adequate sight distance for all traffic movements • To provide slip lanes for left turning where the volume is assessed to be high and also land is available • IRC: SP41-1994 Guidelines of Design of At-grade Intersection in Rural and Urban areas and M/ORT&H type designs for intersection on National Highway, 1992 shall be followed in the design of intersections. For developing designs for interchanges at identified intersections IRC: 92-1985 “Guidelines for the design of interchanges in urban areas” and AASHTO guidelines shall be followed.
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) Design of Toll Plaza • Design toll plaza layout based on traffic segregation, acceptable queue length, toll collection system and the average waiting time shall be made. • The plaza shall be designed based on the forecast traffic in such a way that the traffic shall be subject to minimum delay and inconvenience. Also necessary facilities shall be provided in the design for effective toll collection. Design of Traffic Safety features, Road Furniture and Road Markings • Design of traffic signs and road markings, to effectively guide and control the traffic, shall be carried out based on current national and international practices. Weighing Station, Parking Areas and Rest Areas • Sites for Weighing stations, parking areas and rest areas shall be selected based on the data collected and as per the discussions with the MoRT&H. • Design of Wayside Amenities • Design of the Wayside Amenities carried out in accordance with the comments and suggestions of client and suitable layouts shall be prepared accommodating petrol pump, first-aid medical facilities, restaurant, vehicle parking, toilets, telephone kiosks, etc.
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) Design of Communication System • An emergency telephone communication system to be used even by a person in emergent condition with little effort shall be designed. This would be a public access telephone system dedicated to control center, which shall coordinate services like fire, ambulance, police and retrieval of breakdown vehicles, besides emergency highway maintenance operations. Design of Bus-bays and Lay-by • Review of design of bus-bays, in accordance with comments of clients, as per IRC and M/ORT&H guidelines and drawings shall be made. Design of Miscellaneous Items • Designs for guardrails, street lighting and other necessary roadside appurtenance shall be carried out based on IRC and other current international practices. Traffic Management Schemes during Implementation • Traffic management during construction is an integral part of execution of highway projects. An efficient scheme or traffic management shall be developed based on MoRT&H and IRC guidelines, which would include traffic diversion plans during construction and maintenance and other measures for traffic control and safety.
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) Project Costing • Unit rates shall be normally based on Schedule of Rates of respective departments • The unit rates calculated for similar roadwork and bridgework items shall be reviewed and updated for cost calculation. In specific projects • Preliminary Estimate of Quantities • Quantities of various items shall be worked out based on the typical cross sections already prepared chainage wise. Total item wise quantities for bridges and C-D structures shall also be calculated considering the design features and present condition of bridges. – – – – –
Construction Cost Maintenance Cost Land Acquisition Cost Environmental Cost Cost of Utility Relocation.
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) Economic Analysis • In order to carry out the economic analysis, all economic costs shall be estimated by each homogenous section. These costs comprise of the following: – – – –
Cost of construction/improvement Vehicle operating costs and time costs Accident costs Social and environmental costs
Estimation of Project Benefits • The benefits from each improvement option shall be derived by using the approach of "with" and "without" project scenario, for each homogeneous section. The benefits would comprise the following: – – – –
VOC savings Travel time savings Savings in Accident costs Socio-Environmental benefits
Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) Financial Analysis • Financial analysis, by each section, shall be carried out for the identification of potential BOT candidates. The revenue stream, as generated in the previous tasks shall be included into the analysis in two stages: • Revenue only from toll imposition • Revenue from other sources as well. Formulation of Construction Packages • The project corridor shall be divided into several construction packages depending on the length of the project corridor. These shall cover and facilitate: • Enabling more contractors to bid • Uniformity in work • Speed in implementation of the project speedily • Economy in construction • Efficient Project management
