Premie 300 User Manual (Secure),BGX501-747-R04

Premier 300 Interoperable Three-phase DLMS Meter

User Manual BGX501-747-R04

Copyright © 2010-2012, Secure International Holdings Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. E&OE. Premier 300® is a registered trade name of Secure Meters Ltd. Other product names are trade names or registered trademarks of their respective owners.

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Table of Contents 1  Important ........................................................................................................................................ 5  2  Disclaimer ....................................................................................................................................... 5  3  Precautions and Safety Practices ................................................................................................ 7  4  Deliverables .................................................................................................................................... 8  5  Common Acronyms Used ............................................................................................................. 9  6  Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 10  7  General Specifications ................................................................................................................ 11  8  External Features ......................................................................................................................... 12  9  Using the Display ......................................................................................................................... 14  9.1  Push-Button Details ..................................................................................................................................... 20  9.1.1 

Push-Button Mode ........................................................................................................................ 20 

9.1.2 

Auto mode .................................................................................................................................... 20 

9.2  Premier 300 physical dimensions ............................................................................................................... 21  9.3  Connection Diagrams .................................................................................................................................. 21 

10  Premier 300 Installation ............................................................................................................... 23  10.1  Preparing for Installation ............................................................................................................................. 23  10.1.1 

Selecting an appropriate mounting location ................................................................................. 24 

10.1.2 

Selecting suitable mounting screws ............................................................................................. 24 

10.1.3 

Required tools and accessories ................................................................................................... 24 

10.2  Premier 300 installation procedure ............................................................................................................. 25  10.2.1 

Groundwork .................................................................................................................................. 25 

10.2.2 

Mounting the Premier 300 ............................................................................................................ 25 

10.2.3 

Preparing cables for termination ................................................................................................... 26 

10.2.4 

Making connections ...................................................................................................................... 26 

11  Energy, Demand and Time Management ................................................................................... 30  11.1  Energy Types .............................................................................................................................................. 31  11.2  Fraud Metering ............................................................................................................................................ 32  11.3  STOD/TOU .................................................................................................................................................. 33  11.4  MD Reset..................................................................................................................................................... 33  11.5  Power-off duration, Tamper count ............................................................................................................... 33  11.6  Billing ........................................................................................................................................................... 33  11.7  Maximum demand ....................................................................................................................................... 34  11.7.1 

Method of MD Calculation ............................................................................................................ 34 

11.8  Metrological output ...................................................................................................................................... 34  11.9  Time set ....................................................................................................................................................... 34 

12  Event Logging .............................................................................................................................. 35  12.1  Event Categories ......................................................................................................................................... 35  PUBLIC

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12.2  Event support .............................................................................................................................................. 36  12.3  Self diagnostic features ............................................................................................................................... 37 

13  External Communication ............................................................................................................. 38  13.1  Active mode ................................................................................................................................................. 38  13.1.1 

Meter readings – Instantaneous session ...................................................................................... 38 

13.1.2 

Meter readings – Readings session ............................................................................................. 38 

13.1.3 

Meter readings – Load survey session ......................................................................................... 38 

13.1.4 

Meter readings – Events session ................................................................................................. 38 

13.1.5 

Load survey / Interval data ........................................................................................................... 38 

13.2  Security........................................................................................................................................................ 38  13.3  Sub-active (SA) Mode ................................................................................................................................. 39 

14  Notes ............................................................................................................................................. 40 

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1 Important 1. As a result of our continuous efforts to improve our products, the specifications mentioned in this manual may be subject to change. Therefore the availability of features may depend on the product variant. 2. The specifications and features listed in this manual were correct when this document was released but may be subject to change and should be considered to be definitive. Please refer any queries to our sales team. 3. No part of this manual or its contents may be published, distributed, scanned or copied, in electronic form or otherwise, without prior written consent of Secure Meters Ltd. 4. While we have made every effort to minimise errors, some may exist. We request feedback from users in this regard and undertake to correct such errors wherever possible. 5. Secure Meters Ltd. reserves the right to alter the features or specifications mentioned in this document without prior notice. 6. Please direct queries on our products or services to our sales team. 7. In most countries, electrical installations must comply with one or more sets of regulations issued by national authorities or by recognized local or international bodies. Such regulations must be adhered to, even if they are not referred to directly in this document. 8. We conduct rigorous testing during the design and manufacture of our products to ensure that they comply with appropriate standards. 9. There is no maintenance, repair or adjustment intended for this meter. There are no interchangeable or serviceable parts. 10. The meter is intended to be installed in a mechanical environment ‘M1’, with shock and vibrations of low significance.

2 Disclaimer Secure Meters Ltd. assumes no responsibility for damage arising from misuse of our products such as, but not limited to, the following: 1. Incomplete or incorrect installation or maintenance 2. Connection to incorrect voltage sources 3. Damaged insulation on connecting cables 4. Contact with hazardous substances 5. Immersion in water or any other liquid 6. Handling by unauthorized persons

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7. Handling by inebriated, intoxicated or mentally unbalanced persons

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3 Precautions and Safety Practices 1. Energy meters are generally installed in electrically live surroundings. To minimise the risk of electrical shock, stay away from loose or exposed electrical connections. If there is loose or exposed electrical wiring near the installation site, initiate appropriate preventive measures. 2. Check for the wiring configuration of the meter and ensure that the meter is installed for the appropriate wiring connection. 3. Before energizing the meter, ensure that no stray strands of wire are present outside the connector blocks. 4. Meter must be protected by fuses or voltage isolating links in each voltage circuit. 5. Under no circumstances should the current transformer (CT) connections to the meter be disconnected while current is flowing in the primary circuit of the external CT. 6. Ensure that the connected load does not exceed the current range specified on the rating plate. 7. The meter contains a battery that must be disposed of in a suitable manner at the end of its life. 8. Secure Meters recommends carrying out regular installation checks, especially when the product is installed at locations posing higher risk of degradation or corrosion – such as under direct, strong sunlight, areas with high ambient temperature and little ventilation, areas near heat sources like a furnace, areas near sea or a water body, areas where the meter is regularly exposed to chemical fumes, etc. 9. It is recommended to immediately cut off the meter supply upon occurrence of any fault within the meter. 10. Keep the meter away from fire, corrosive chemicals, and fumes thereof, rain and direct, prolonged exposure to water. 11. The electrical installation of electronic meters at a site requires an adequate understanding of all governing rules and regulations.

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4 Deliverables At the time of purchase you will be provided with the below listed items: S.No.

Item

1.

Premier 300 Meter

2.

Accessories (as per order) Table 1: Premier 300 Deliverable List

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5 Common Acronyms Used Abbreviation

Description

BCS

Base Computer Software

DIP

Demand Integration Period

ETBC

Extended Terminal Block Cover

ID

Identity

LCD

Liquid Crystal Display

LED

Light Emitting Diode

MD

Maximum demand

ND

Neutral Disturbance

NVM

Non Volatile Memory

P-N

Phase-Neutral

RTC

Real Time Clock

STOD

Seasonal Time Of Day

TOD

Time Of Day

DLMS

Device Language Message Specification Table 2: Common Acronyms

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6 Introduction Premier 300 is a DLMS (Indian standard) compliant, CT operated meter with CT/VT and LTCT variants that offer numerous features, which make it ideal for industrial and commercial metering. It belongs to the latest cost optimised product range and provides easy integration with diverse communication entities thus making it truly interoperable. The salient features of Premier 300 are: CT-PT operated family includes 3-phase 3-wire, 3-phase 4-wire measurements for industrial and commercial metering Accuracy with class 0.2s and 0.5s for HT and 0.5s for LT variants DLMS compliant as per Indian companion standard (IS15959) True four quadrant measurement of active, reactive and apparent energies Suitable energy selection for both Import-Export as well as forwarded metering application Load Survey recording for a minimum of -700 parameter-days(LT) and 900 parameter –days(HT) with 15/30/60 minute SIP Up to 8 time-of-day (TOD) rate registers Up to 8 maximum demand (MD) registers for logging demand through fixed and sliding window methods (with 15/30/60 DIP) 1107 optical communication port Optional RJ-11 port for remote communication with external devices on RS-232 or RS485 at 9600 bps Optically isolated communication channel and battery backup to allow limited no. of meter readings and display checking even in absence of mains Detection and logging of a whole spectrum of tampers and faults, with date and time stamp Fraud detection facility Two metro LEDs –the left one indicates the rate of active energy consumption, the right one can be configured to indicate other energies. Wide nominal operating voltage range Spark immunity up to 35 kV Logging of extensive energy and instantaneous parameters which include phase wise voltages and currents, power, frequency, maximum demand, power factor along with date and time stamp Large backlit LCD display with phase indicators, parameter identification and legends for tamper indication. Two push buttons

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7 General Specifications The general specifications for Premier 300 are summarised below: Specification

Mechanical

Dimensions (mm) Weight

Description 191 (L) x 256 (W) x 82 (H) mm approx 1.6 kg approximately

Mounting Type

Projection type

Front Cover

Fire-retardant polycarbonate (PC-FR)

Base Extended Terminal Block Cover Terminal Block

PC-FR material

Display

10% Glass filled PC-FR material 2 seals on ETBC, 1 seal on IEC 1107 port, 1 seal on the left button and 3 seals on the front cover Super Twisted Nematic (STN) LCD with backlit

Meter Type

3 Phase, 4 Wire (LT and HT) and 3 Phase, 3 Wire (HT)

Measuring Elements

3 CT for LT, 3 CT for HT4 and 2 CT for HT3

Rated Voltage

3*230/240V or 63.5 V(P-N) for HT4 and 110V(P-P) for HT3

Frequency

50 Hz ± 5%

Current Rating

5-10A for LT, 1(2)A or 5(10)A for HT

Power Factor

Zero Lag Unity Zero Lead

Accuracy

HT: 0.5S, 0.2S or LT: 0.5S

Metrology lamp

Metrological LED DLMS Indian Companion Standard (IS15959), IS 14697, CBIP Report 304, IEC 62053-22 IP51

Sealing Provision

Electrical

Compliance

Burden

PC-FR material

Metrological Environmental Protection Voltage Circuit (per phase) Current Circuit (per phase)

ND, Cover open, LPF, Magnet and 1, 2, 3 current miss.

First occurred tamper

Date of first occurred tamper

Time of first occurred tamper

Last restored tamper

Date of last restored tamper

Time of last restored tamper

Date of last cover open tamper

Time of last cover open tamper

Table 5: Some supported displays in Premier 300. PUBLIC

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9.1 Push-Button Details Push buttons can be used to carry out various operations in the meter. The default functionality of the different push buttons is tabulated below. However, the push buttons are configurable at the factory end and may be customized to suit different needs. S. No.

Button

Action

Possible functionality

1

Right button

Short press

(a) Advance to next display

Right button

Long press

(a) Advance to next page

2

(b) Advance to next page

(b) Scroll lock. Scroll lock deactivates upon change of page, tariff download, activation of sub-active mode auto display and midnight crossover.

3

4

Left button

Short press

(a) Go back to previous display

Left button

Long press

(a) Advance to next page

(b) Advance to next page

(b) Billing (MD reset)

Table 6: Operations possible through Premier 300 buttons

9.1.1 Push-Button Mode The meter supports a list of parameters which can be displayed on the LCD. This requires configuring a sequence of parameters called Display Sequence. The buttons provided on the meter can be used to scroll through this sequence. Premier 300 supports Page Mode display view. Multiple pages can be selected. While a long push (button press > 5 seconds) allows page navigation, a short push allows scrolling through the available displays in a page. The default first display parameter will be the lamp test display with all display segments on. Upon reaching the end of a display list, the display rolls over again to show the first one in Auto Mode. A display on the LCD remains on until the normal on time is elapsed. The normal on time is configurable. After timing out of the manual mode, the display switches to the sleep mode and reverts to auto mode thereafter. Sleep period, or the display off time, is configurable.

9.1.2 Auto mode Auto Mode is the default mode for the Premier 300 display. The configured parameters scroll automatically with a specified period. The auto display cycle ends with a brief sleep mode. Upon recovering from the sleep mode, the display cycle repeats for selected displays. Upon power interruption, the display starts in auto mode. The Left button is used for performing the MD Reset operation. This requires pressing the Left button for five seconds.

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9.2 Premier 300 physical dimensions

Figure 3: Physical dimensions of Premier 300 in mm (Nominal). Note: Given drawing represents LT variant only. Dimensions are same for LT and HT variants.HT4 and HT3 variant will have suitable terminal block as per connection diagram tabulated in Sect ion 9.3.

9.3 Connection Diagrams E3T – CT operated meters suitable for 3-phase 4-wire 230/240V (Phase to neutral) LT supply. CT Secondary rating: CT Primary rating:

5A Can be commissioned to any one of the standard values at the time of manufacturing.

E3V – CT/PT operated meters suitable for 3-phase 3-wire 110V PT supply. Secondary voltage rating Secondary current rating Primary voltage and current range

110V 1A or 5A Can be commissioned to any one of the standard values at the time of manufacturing.

E3M – CT/PT operated meters suitable for 3-phase 4-wire 63.5V HT system. Voltage rating Secondary Current rating Primary voltage and current range

110V/_/3 1A or 5A Can be commissioned to any one of the standard values at the time of manufacturing.

Note: For connections, please refer to the relevant connection diagrams below.

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E3T Type Meter

Figure 4: Connection diagram of the meter with fourth CT in neutral

Figure 5: Connection diagram of the meter with 3 CT E3V TYPE METER:

Figure 6: Connection diagram of CT/PT operated HT (3P3W) meter (E3V) E3M TYPE METER:

Figure 7: Connection diagram of CT/PT operated HT (3P4W) meter (E3M)

Figure 8: Connection diagram of CT/PT operated HT (3P4W) meter used as 3P3W

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10 Premier 300 Installation 10.1 Preparing for Installation Premier 300 supports various mounting arrangements which include arrangements to substitute currently installed meters. The figure below displays the rear-view of Premier 300.

Figure 9: Mounting options in Premier 300. The possible mounting arrangements for Premier 300 are described in the table. Mounting Arrangement

Vertical Distance (in mm)

Horizontal Distance(in mm)

Hanging key and mounting screws

175 .4

152.5

Table 7: List of possible mounting arrangements for Premier 300

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10.1.1 Selecting an appropriate mounting location Premier 300 is suitable for wall mounting and can be directly installed on wall with the recommended screw and mounting bolts. It can also be installed on a metering panel inside an enclosure.

10.1.2 Selecting suitable mounting screws Given below is a list of recommended mounting screws to ensure proper fixing of Premier 300 at mounting location. S. No.

Position for use

Screw type

No. of

Screw

Recommended torque

screws

material

(in Nm)

1

Top mounting hole

ST 4.2*19 mm AB

1

-

-

2

Bottom mounting holes

ST 4.2*32 mm AB

2

Steel

1.2

(round) Table 8: List of recommended mounting screws for proper fixing of Premier 300

10.1.3 Required tools and accessories Hexagonal bolt tightening tool Torque screw driver Cross head magnetic screw driver Line tester Mounting screws Screw driver Cables Drill machine and drill bits Wire peeler and cutter Rubber gloves Digital multi-meter Insulated pliers Hammer Wires Insulation tape

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10.2 Premier 300 installation procedure Having selected a suitable mounting position for the meter, install the meter using the following procedure:

10.2.1 Groundwork 1. Ensure that all the necessary tools are available. 2. By visual inspection, check for any loose or exposed electrical connections near the installation location. If required, secure the loose connections or use fast-drying, commercially available insulation coating to cover exposed connections. 3. Check and label the polarity of the supply to the consumer circuit. Polarity test can be performed by a line tester. A live wire should cause the tester’s LED to glow whereas the neutral wire should not. 4. Ensure that the consumer’s installation is safe for isolation. Check the health status of fuses, cut-outs etc. 5. Isolate / disconnect the consumer’s supply before installation of the meter. 6. Check for the correct cable size. 7. When multiple meters are being installed next to each other on a central panel, ensure that correct position is located for each consumer’s meter. Label the meter accordingly. 8. When the meter box is provided, fix the meter box first and then proceed with the installation of the meter. 9. Remove both extended and secondary terminal block cover of the meter.

10.2.2 Mounting the Premier 300 The meter has two mounting holes each of 5.5 mm in diameter in the terminal block and a key slot at the top centre-line on the rear plate. Steps to fix the meter in position: 1. Mark out the meter fixing position on the mounting surface, drill a hole and fit a ST 4.2*19 mm AB fixing screw keeping approximately 5 mm outside the surface to secure the meter in place 2. Ensure that the recommended screw is tightened at the correct mounting position. 3. Hang the meter from the top mounting hole provided at the rear panel of the meter. 4. Mark out the positions for mounting screws. Refer mounting dimensions given above or mounting template available at the rear of meter packing box. 5. Remove the meter from the top mounting screw and drill out the holes for the bottom mounting screws. PUBLIC

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6. Re-hang the meter from the top mounting screw, and then fit the bottom mounting screws. A pairs of mounting holes is provided adjacent to the terminal block which can be used for fixing the meter. These are visible on the front after removing the terminal block cover. Refer to the Table 8 for more details.

10.2.3 Preparing cables for termination 1. Ensure that a cable of the correct rating is being used. If a cable of lower rating is used, replace it with appropriate cable. 2. Strip the insulation of cables used as per given recommendations. Following table shows the internal bore diameters of all the terminals. Meter terminal

Main supply and Load terminals

Internal bore

Depth of terminal

diameter

hole

(in mm)

(in mm)

5.5

18.2

1S (In), VR, 1L (Out), 2S (In), VY, 2L (Out), 3S (In), VB, 3L (Out), N (In) and N (Out). Table 9: Internal bore diameters of all the terminals in Premier 300 3. Check the condition of the cable. If the cable is corroded or oxidized, replace the entire cable. 4. If cable was already stripped for a previous installation, cut /trim the previous stripped length. Reprepare the cable termination. 5. Loosen the terminal screws and insert one cable core into the terminal cage. 6. Ensure that at least 5 mm of the insulated part of the cable core is inserted into the terminal box shroud. If the cable insulation is thick enough to be inserted into the shroud, strip an extra length of 5.00 mm and insulate this extra length with a standard insulation tape to prevent exposed conductor at terminal end. Terminal block shroud will work as an insulation sleeve. 7. Prepare each core in the same manner for supply as well as load side

10.2.4 Making connections Local best practice must be observed when selecting conductor size and type. Making connections to Premier 300 is similar to electromechanical meters. Copper multi-strand conductors should be used for making connections and the following table gives the recommended guideline for using the maximum and minimum conductor size:

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Current range (Ib/Imax)

Minimum conductor size

Maximum conductor size

1-2A

2

1.5 mm

4.0 mm2

5 - 10 A

2.5 mm2

6.0 mm2

Premier 300 is equipped with an extended transparent terminal cover, and is intended to be used in installations in which all the cabling is concealed; it is therefore not necessary to use double-insulated cable. The cables must be cut and trimmed carefully. The insulation must be cut back, removed ‘squarely’ ensuring that no copper is exposed on the portion of the cable outside the conductor bore. Particular care must be taken to ensure that all the conductor strands are contained within the conductor bore and secured firmly with conductor screws. Approximately 20 mm conductor should be cut back when the cable is trimmed. The connections should be made as per the connection diagrams shown in Annexure-A depending on the meter type. A suitable connection diagram is shown on terminal block cover of the meter. The process for fitting the conductors is as follows: 1. Insert each conductor core into the appropriate connection cage. Insert each cable into the terminal box shroud. The terminals from left to right are 1S, 1L, 2S, 2L, 3S, 3L, NS, NL. Connect load side first i.e. 1L, 2L, 3L, NL and then the supply side i.e. 1S, 2S, 3S, NS.

Figure 10: Terminal block indicating all the load terminals of Premier 300 with additional RS232

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Figure 11: Terminal block indicating all the load terminals of Premier 300 with additional RS485 2. Refer to the table below for the recommended torque. Use a torque screw driver to tighten the screws. Tighten all the terminal screws in turn using a torque screw driver. Tighten the lower screws first, followed by the upper screws. Check tightness of lower screw after tightening the upper screw. Check for any loose connections and tighten them, if any. 3. Tightening the screws causes the cage clamp to grip the conductor more tightly. Tightening both screws ensures that the force is distributed correctly. S. No.

Meter terminal

Screw

No. of screws

type 1

Main supply and load

M4

22-E3T type

Screw

Recommended

material

torque (in Nm)

Electroplated

1.0

Brass 20-E3M type 14-E3V type 2

ETBC sealing

M4

2

Electroplated

0.7

Brass Table 10: Details for various screws used for electrical connections of Premier 300 4. Fit the secondary terminal cover and then the extended terminal cover with the screw over the terminal block. The terminal cover screw has a transverse hole to facilitate sealing. Do not seal the screw at this stage. 5. Reconnect the mains supply. The LCD should show ’All segment check’ display.

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6. If the load is switched on, the calibration LED should start flashing in accordance with the current drawn. If there is no load, the calibration LED should not flash. 7. Seal the meter with the available sealing kit. Utility seals can be applied at terminal cover and Configuration button. The sealing provision in Premier 300 is as follows. 

2 seals on the terminal cover



1 seal for the left push-button

NOTES: 1. To ensure correct operation of the meter, proper voltages and currents must be connected as specified on the meter rating plate. Also, make sure to connect the neutral for all three-phase four-wire meters. 2. The meter should be installed by trained personnel. The installer must take special care while making CT connection. It is recommended to disconnect the supply while making CT connection. However, if it is connected on load then CT secondary must be shorted on TTB terminal and under no circumstances the circuit should be left open. In addition all essential safety precautions recommended for installation of electrical equipments should be followed. This completes the installation of Premier 300

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11 Energy, Demand and Time Management Premier 300 provides various metering registers to store various parameters such as energy, demand, etc. It also provides billing and rate features. Details of different registers are tabulated as follows: S. No.

Register type

Details

1

Main registers - current

Main energy registers store values of energy channels irrespective of the time of consumption and indicate cumulative consumption since last energy register reset. These registers are available for all supported energy types as available in BCS.

2

Main registers - history

Premier 300 maintains billing (or history) energy registers and maximum demand registers. These registers are available for all supported energy and demand types.

3

Rate register- current

Rate registers and demand registers correspond to a specific period of day as configured under the STOD table. These registers log energy

Demand register current

consumption and demand for the current billing cycle for the respective STOD. Eight independent rate registers are available for configured energies.. Similarly, a maximum of eight demand registers can be configured energy types.

4

Rate register- history

Billing rate registers are similar to the current billing rate registers and store energy consumption data for previous billing cycles.

Demand register history

Likewise, billing demand registers are similar to the current billing demand registers and store demand data for previous billing cycles.

5

Cumulative demand

This register holds the sum of all previous demands in a particular time

register

zone (or history demand registers). It will be shown on Premier 300 display.

6.

Fraud register

When a fraud is detected, this register records energy based on inbuilt algorithms. Table 11: Energy and demand registers in Premier 300

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11.1 Energy Types Premier 300 supports the following energy channels for categories A, B and C. Refer to the tables below for the different categories and energies available. Category

Meter Nomenclature

Description

A

Energy Accounting and Audit Meters

Distribution Transformer Meters

B

Interface Meters

ABT meters, Boundary and substation meters, consumer supplying to grid

C

Consumer Meters (HV & LV)

HT and LT consumer meters

Table 12: Meter Categories The Indian companion has defined data set as per the meter category. The following are the general meter data sessions. Instantaneous session Billing Data Block load survey Events with snap shots Daily block load session Abstract parameters  Configurable parameters  Name plate details The table shows the energy types available for each Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) class and Non-BIS classes. A tick  indicates that the energy is selected by default and is not editable; a double-tick  indicates the energy can be selected if required. Non-BIS classes can be selected from the complete table. S No.

Energy Type

IEC Quadrant

BIS Class A

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B

1

Total Active Import

Q1+Q4



2

Total Active Export

Q2+Q3



3

Fund Active Import

Q1+Q4

4

Fund Active Export

Q2+Q3

5

Reactive Import

Q1+Q2

6

Reactive Export

Q3+Q4

7

Reactive Import While Active Import

Q1



8

Reactive Import While Active Export

Q2



9

Reactive Export While Active Export

Q3



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

10

Reactive Export While Active Import

Q4

11

Apparent

All

12

Apparent While Active Import

Q1+Q4



13

Apparent While Active Export

Q2+Q3



14

Total Active Forward

All





15

Reactive Lag Forward

Q1+Q3





16

Reactive Lead Forward

Q2+Q4





17

Apparent Forward

All





18

Fund Active Forward

All

19

Reactive Lag+Lead Forward

All

20

R-Phase Active Forward Energy

All

21

Y-Phase Active Forward Energy

All

22

B-Phase Active Forward Energy

All

23

Active export under CT reverse

Q2+Q3

24

Defraud

All

25

Reactive High Net (V>103%)

All



26

Reactive Low Net (V