Precast Concrete

Precast Concrete

PRESENTED BY, ARSHIYA SYED PRIYANKA BOBAL FARAH WAHAJ MADHU KUMAR SUMEDHA RASHI RITU MAYANK  DHIRAJ

RCC STRUCTURES

Reinforced concrete is concrete in which reinforcement bars ("rebars") or fibers have been incorporated to strengthen the material that would otherwise be brittle

Concrete Mix

Tied Rebar

History  The use of reinforced concrete is a relatively recent invention, usually dated to 1848 when jean-Louis Lambot became the first to use it  Joseph Monier, a French gardener, patented a design for reinforced garden tubs in 1868, and later patented reinforced concrete beams and posts for railway and road guardrails

Precast Concrete

"Precast concrete" means a concrete member that is cast and cured at a location other than its final designated location

Precast concrete blocks

History

Material in RCC • Concrete is a mixture of  Portland cement and stone aggregate. • Stone aggregate can be made up from small grains of sand, fist-sized rocks, or a combination of 

Material

In Precast

Precast concrete members may be solid or may contain hollow cores. Many precast components have thinner cross sections than cast in place concrete. Precast concrete may be either normal or lightweight concrete.

Solid Precast Blocks

Hollow Precast Block

Concrete Masonry Units (CMU) Block is typically formed with large hollow cores. Block with a minimum 75% solid cross section is called solid block even though it contains hollow cores. In many cases, building codes require steel reinforcing bars to be placed in the hollow cores, and the cores to be filled solid with grout.

CMU

Slag Masonry units It is highly unsusceptible to fire and due to its cellular structure, has high sound and thermal insulation quality.

Slag concrete masonry units have low drying shrinkages.

Slag concrete masonry units have a great effect on both sound absorption and the reduction in sound transmission through walls.

Theoretically there are no restrictions on the use of  skeletal framed precast construction. Irregular and challenging architectural designs on many occasions are more suitable to precasting.

About Precast

itability of precast construction

Off-site manufacture The manufacturing of the major components of the building off-site reduces the site labour component dramatically, dramatica lly, which in turn, reduces site costs and time. The erection crew, necessary for precast construction, will usually consist of only about 5-6 people, rather than the several dozen required for in-site construction.

Architectural finishes including Quality Control  colours, surface The production of  finishes and components offcarefully moulded site, in a factory surfaces allow the environment designer allows each of  considerable the facets flexibility in the involved in overall aesthetic manufacturing to appearance of a be strictly structure compared controlled, and with conventional hence, optimum methods. quality to be

A P P E A R A N CE

F I N I S H E S

Transportation • The erection procedure, and in turn the design of  the structure is very much affected by the weight and size of  the individual components. The transport of the components is typically by truck  and as such, it is imperative to be aware of allowable component sizes and weights. Site

The selection of crane type and size is an important ingredient ingredient to the viability of the precast structure. Mobile cranes are generally the most economical, with the new generation of high capacity and highly maneuverable machines allowing the use of  larger components and access to more restricted sites.

Cranage

Pre-cast foundation •Ten times stronger than a block foundation •It prevents water infiltration and moisture build-up.

•They keep houses warmer and drier than conventional foundations while adding valuable living space and increasing resale values  To enhance strength and durability, they are manufactured with steel-reinforced concrete studs, rigid insulation(optional), a reinforced top and bottom bond (footer) beam

Foundations can often be installed in under five hours using a pre-cast concrete system.

The bond beams and concrete facing are cast in one continuous pour. They connect to the studs by encapsulating vertical rebars and galvanized hooks and pins which protrude from the top, bottom and back of  each stud.

A crane is used to lift the pre-cast foundations walls into place

Prep work on the crushed stone sub-footer.

Once panels are erected, sealed, and bolted together, the basement slab is poured. Floor joists above the foundation are conventionally installed and provide some of the bracing for the foundation walls. Once braced by the slab and floor system, backfilling

Precast piles

 Typical shapes of precast prestressed concrete piling are square, hexagonal, octagonal and round - with a solid or hollow core. Piles are designed to resist compression, tension, bending and torsion forces during the manufacturing, transportation, handling and installation so the structural integrity and design purpose are achieved.

Precast beams

A beam is a structural element that carries load primarily in bending (flexure). Beams are characterized by their profile (the shape of their cross-section), their length, and their materials.

Laying precast beams

Precast prestressed concrete rectangular beams with simple support

Precast prestressed concrete ledger beams with simple supports

L beam

‘L’- Beams

‘T’-Beams

A column is a part of a structure whose purpose is to transmit through compression the weight of the structure. Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest.

Precast columns

Column original cored out.

Bench running the original column

Precast columns can be produced as either multi-storey corbelled corbelled columns or single floor-to-floor elements

Single storey reinforced columns are simple to design, detail and construct.

Extra reinforcem ent is usually provided at the top and bottom of  the column, these additional ties act as antisplitting

The base connection is generally analyzed as a pin joint and due to connection details the columns tend to be conservatively sized, manufactured with high strength concrete, and reinforcement typically limited to four corner bars with nominal ties. This approach

Benefits of Precast Beams and Columns Maximum Excellent

durability and structural strength

for fast-track construction

Can

be manufactured and erected during inclement weather Provides Cuts

superior loading and clear spans

overall construction costs

3 Precast Floor Systems  There are numerous precast flooring components to choose from, including •Hollow core slabs •Composite Beam / Slab (Ultra floor  Transfloor)

/

•Composite Prestressed Planks (MiniSlabs) •Single and Double Tee components

Hollowcore slabs are manufactured on long line casting beds (over 100 meters in length) and saw cut to the required length after curing. • A dry cast extrusion system in which a very low sump concrete is forced, or extruded, through a machine. •A wet mix method in which a higher sump concrete is poured in two or more layers by a machine similar to a large kerb and channel machine.

 The hollow core slabs are oriented to either span between load bearing shear walls or to span from the central corridor to an exterior wall.

Slabs can be cantilevered up to 1.8 ft (6 m) to form exterior balconies.

Slab resting over T-beam

Composite Beam / Slab

Composite Prestressed Plank Is a precast, prestressed thin concrete plate which contains bottom prestressed prestressed steel and with a very rough surface and a very smooth bottom used as a slab.

A worker carefully fits the concrete slabs into

Double tees used for spans and loads that exceed the capacity of hollow core slabs (parking garages, swimming pools, food processing, large industrial buildings, etc.). Double tees are ideal for floor and roof  systems requiring medium to long, uninterrupted spans and

The cast in place concrete characteristi cs of the system offer  unlimited  architectural freedom in shape design

From the drawings, Engineers will determine the optimum arrangement of steel reinforcement, concrete and lattice and provide all necessary calculations prior to manufacture and then the slab is precast .

Merits of the  precast slabs •FINISHED CEILINGS •FIRE RESISTANCE •SOUND PROOF •EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE

Application s - Housing - Office and Warehouse - High rise Building - Jetty and Harbour Slab - Bridge - Plant

Prestressed Lintels Precast lintels are easy to install, and offer significant advantages over those poured in place

Precast lintels save time and money by eliminating unnecessary man hours in the preparation of  forms, cutting rebar, concrete

No need to fabricate steel angles to span openings and rust proofing is not required.

Precast Walls

some consist of steelreinforced concrete ribs that run vertically and horizontally in the panels. Others are solid precast concrete panels.

Vertical Light wall

Horizontal light wall

Precast wall panels offer many benefits •Uniformity of joints •Modular dry fix panels •Ease and speed of  installation •Standard size panels

Precast stair flights are manufactured to incorporate the stair flight and landings as a refinished product. They are designed in a similar fashion to standard in-site stair flights and landings with

Precast Staircases

Spandrels

Non load bearing

Load bearing

Sandwich spandrel

Structural spandrel

Architectural spandrel

Precast Precast stair flights are manufactured to incorporate the stair flight and landings as a refinished product. They are designed in a similar fashion to standard in-site stair flights and landings with special attention required in the detailing and connections. , precast balcony units

Precast stadium seats

Precast fences

Installation very easy. No footing required. It needs to go only 3-4 feet into the earth.

Precast fences •Comes in many textures •Maintenanc e not required •Made of  steel reinforcemen t so it is more

PRECAST ORNAMANTATI ON UNITS

PRECAST ARCH

COST ESTIMATION Providing and fixing precast plain cement concrete 1:2:4 (1 cement : 2 sand : 4 well graded stone aggregate 20mm) in string courses, bands, copings, bed plates, anchor blocks, plain window sills and the like including centering and shuttering and finishing smooth with 6mm thick cement plaster 1:3 (1cement : 3 fine sand) on exposed surfaces complete upto floor five level.

Rs.5,355.90 Providing and fixing precast reinforced cement concrete 1:2:4 (1 cement : 2 sand 4 well graded stone aggregate 20mm) in string courses, bands, copings, bed plates, anchor blocks, plain window sills and the like including centering and shuttering shuttering and finishing smooth with 6mm thick cement plaster 1:3 (1cement : 3fine sand) on exposed surfaces complete but excluding cost of reinforcement upto floor five level.

Rs.5,415.80

Providing and laying precast cement concrete hollow blocks of  standard size 39cm x 19cm x 9cm in cement mortar 1 : 4 in superstructure including curing etc. complete

Rs.389.60 sq.mt Providing and fixing 15cm dia at top and 20cm at bottom 90cm high precast RCC 1:2:4 (1 cement : 2 coarse sand : 4 graded stone aggregate 20mm size) boundary stone as per standard design including smooth finishing with cement mortar 1:3 (1cement : 3 fine sand), curing etc. complete. (excluding (excluding cost of excavation, refilling and concreting).

Rs.245.10

each

Providing and fixing precast Rcc standard post 1.8m long concrete 1:2:4 (1 cement : 2 coarse sand : 4 well graded stone aggregates 12.50mm size) standard posts with wooden plugs or 6mm bar nibs including smooth finishing with cement mortar 1:3 (1cement : 3 fine sand), curing etc. complete. (excluding cost of excavation, e xcavation, refilling and concreting).

 The Double-storey Verandah With Its Signature 63-metre-long Precast Concrete Screen.

•No false work is necessary •Can be placed across highways in service •Short delivery time •Does not require skilled labor for erection •Bottom surface is smooth • Thinner deck resulting in higher vertical clearance •Fast construction •Economical construction •Provides a precast solution with a range ra nge of  sizes