Practical Goat Raising_GOAT CONGRESS 2012

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Practical Goat Raising

GOATS ARE COMMONLY KNOWN AS

“POOR MAN’S COW” “LIVING MOWERS” NOW

“LIVING ASSETS” (GOAT IS GOLD)

POTENTIALS OF GOAT RAISING Animals

Capital

Feed Expense

Housing Expense

Overall Mgt.

Integration

Market

Diseases

Contri. in Nutrition

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

OK

Duck

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

OK

Fattener (Swine)

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

OK

Breeder (Swine)

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

OK

Cattle

X X

LESS

LESS

OK

LESS

LESS

X X

Goat

LESS

LESS

LESS

EASY

OK

LESS

OK

Sheep

LESS

LESS

LESS

EASY

OK

LESS

OK

Broiler Layer

Carabao

X X

VG

OK

OK

GOAT INVENTORY (as of 2010)

Population („000 head)

Total Head Count: 4250 4200 4150

4,182,500

4100 4050 4000 3950

By Farm Type:

4,177,700

98.53

Backyard Commercial

3,929,200

3900 3850 3800

1.47 2008

2009 Year

2010

Goat Inventories 2010 (BAS) %Share Total 100.00 Backyard 98.53 Commercial 1.47

2009

2010

%Change

Jul 4182.5

Jan 4177.7

Jul 3929.2

4224.4

4131.4

3871.5 (8.35)

41.7

Source: FGASPAPI, 2010

46.3

57.6

Jul (6.05)

38.13

GOAT: Quarterly Inventory by Region, 2009-2010 (in heads) (BAS, 2010) PERCENT CHANGE

INVENTORY 2009

REGION JAN 1 PHILIPPINES

4,222,234

2010/2009

2010 JUL 1

JAN 1

4,224,217

4,177,721

JUL 1 P 3,929,167

JAN 1

JUL 1 P

(1.05)

(6.98)

LUZON CAR REGION I REGION II REGION III CALABARZON MIMAROPA REGION V

1,561,804 62,478 527,761 137,453 321,286 222,857 168,396 121,573

1,577,936 67,290 520,350 131,253 345,556 223,941 162,729 126,817

1,573,670 64,659 494,057 130,485 349,823 231,167 173,682 129,797

1,483,506 65,118 455,208 116,853 354,683 220,363 159,213 112,068

0.76 3.49 (6.39) (5.07) 8.88 3.73 3.14 6.76

(5.98) (3.23) (12.52) (10.97) 2.64 (1.60) (2.16) (11.63)

VISAYAS REGION VI REGION VII REGION VIII

1,258,269 606,039 533,949 118,281

1,256,326 603,327 540,972 112,027

1,265,291 604,618 550,889 109,784

1,180,099 574,408 507,162 98,529

0.56 (0.23) 3.17 (7.18)

(6.07) (4.79) (6.25) (12.05)

MINDANAO REGION IX REGION X REGION XI REGION XII CARAGA A R M M

1,402,161 160,460 239,847 374,783 293,958 71,490 261,623

1,389,955 155,223 240,674 384,899 271,185 65,852 272,122

1,338,760 118,869 241,955 391,559 256,718 61,143 268,516

1,265,562 114,415 236,342 383,410 249,028 56,277 226,090

(4.52) (25.92) 0.88 4.48 (12.67) (14.47) 2.63

(8.95) (26.29) (1.80) (0.39) (8.17) (14.54) (16.92)

P- Preliminary

Current Situation Goat population – 3.929M goats (BAS, July 2010)

Ave. Mature Live Weight of Philippine goat – 18 to 20kilos Average Carcass Weight at 2 years old Per Capita consumption

–

–

8 kilos

0.34kg (BAS)

Annual Goat Meat Production – 78K MT LW(BAS) No. of heads slaughtered - 9,750 heads/yr

Production Estimates by Region % Share 36.95

Luzon

- 14,446K MT

Visayas

-

9,413K MT

-

24.07

Mindanao -

15,242K MT

-

38.98

Top Goat Producing Regions*: REGION

BACKYARD

COMMERCIAL

TOTAL

% CONTRIBUTION

Region VI (Western Visayas)

547,431

3,000

550,431

14.79

Region I (Ilocos Region)

490,242

1,193

491,435

13.21

Region VII (Central Visayas)

469,224

2,337

471,561

12.67

Region XI (Davao Region)

332,290

3,358

335,648

9.02

Region IV (Southern Tagalog)

292,123

1,630

293,753

7.9

*- Regions Producing the top 58% of the total Philippine Goat Population

Introduction • Goats are important elements on the pathway out of poverty for people in Central Luzon; • Important for the poorest livestock keepers and for the landless who could start to raise livestock; • With the presence of SRC, CLSU, TCA, SUCs, DA-RFU 3, OPVets, LGUs, strong support to farmers were given on integrated goat management (FLS-IGM); • Linkage with PCARRD, BAI, LDC and other gov‟t agencies were tapped.

Uses of Goats

Add-in Enterprises Meat Products

Organic Manure Milk Source

Cash Crop

Protein Source

Current Status of the Goat Industry in the Philippines

Limited stock

Backyard Farming

For family use

Limited buck Low reproduction

The National Goat S&T Program ISP Targets 2020 i preweaning mortality 25 – 10 % h slaughter weight 15 – 30 kg i kidding interval 9 – 8 mos. Regional h natural conception rate 80 – 95 % National R&D Programs on Goats R&D Programs on Goats

CLARRDEC

RED Program Goat Farm Performance Alternative Program Technology Options Development of Herbal Drugs Halal Project Goat Program

Private sector-led programs

Breeder Meat cut importation Goat Goat fabrication congresses shows

Enhancing demand for ANFR grads thru S&T

(Feed resources & technology Transfer) CVARRD (AI & Chevon Processing)

Other goat-focused programs IEC, CIN Supply Chain

Elearning Impact Assess. STBFgoat

making Goats RED... a community-based approach to the transformation of rural assets Courtesy of Dr. Wilson Cervito

FLSIGM

Why Raise Goats?

Why Raise Goats?  Small initial investment;  Can integrate with crop-based farming system;

Provides meat, milk and skin for processing into high-value products; Short period of getting the ROI; Goat manure is used as fertilizer; They thrive in marginal vegetations; fodder in rainy days; Wives and children can handle goats; they docile.

Why Raise Goats?cont.. Have inherent advantages over other ruminants Mature earlier; higher fertility (8 months); Capable of multiple births; have shorter gestation period Can be milked for 5 months First kid crop-less than a year Popular for kilawen, papaitan, caldereta

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

Increasing demand for goat and sheep meat

Prospects and Opportunities:

- Demand for meat, milk and products are increasing but supply is low. - Price is increasing every year - Chevon has a high water holding capacity and is therefore very suitable in meat processing. - Offers a good source of sustained income - Technologies on improved goat production and processing are now being available

History of the Goat The modern domesticated goat is believed to be the first livestock domesticated by man about 10,000 years ago.

It descended from the Bezoar goat Capra aegagrus from South West Asia.

The Goat Breeds Over the years, goats were bred according to the type or product they are about to produce: - Meat (Chevon) - Dairy - Cashmere/ Leather - Miscellaneous Breeds

Some Exotic Breeds Angora Goats -bred for their fine cashmere that is processed into various kinds of apparel -can also be made as pets.

Pygmy Goats - miniature goats most suitable as pets - only stands 16-23 inches at the whithers.

Playing Dead? Fainting Goats -More or less the size of a native goat. -Meat breed

Goat Breeds Commonly Found in the Philippines Anglo- Nubian

Anglo-nubian

• developed in Great •

Britain of native milking stock and goats from the Middle East and North Africa due to Middle-Eastern heritage, can live in very hot climates and have longer breeding season

ANGLO-NUBIAN (Nubian)

• distinguishing •

characteristics: large, pendulous ears and a "Roman" nose Because of its elongated ears and sleek body, the Nubian has a variety of nicknames, including "Lopeared Goat", "Rabbit Goat", "Long-eared Goat" and "Greyhound Goat"

Anglo-nubian

• has different colors with long, • •

floppy ears, convex nose, and large structure; large in size and carries more flesh than other dairy breeds temperament is sociable, outgoing, and vocal

ANGLO-NUBIAN (Nubian)

• Large; size makes it a

very useful dual purpose animal does – 60 kg, 30 inches (76 cm) bucks –75 kg, 35 inches (88 cm) high butterfat, 5% or more; but produces less volume of milk than other dairy breeds

o o •

Boer

- Meat Type, Originated from Southern Africa - Fast growth rate, good mothering ability, docile. - Mature bucks weighs about 110-135kg; does 90-110kg. - Characteristic white body and red head

Saanen

SAANEN • white or cream-colored • large and big-boned, but graceful and refined in bone • largest of the dairy goat breeds Does: 150 lb(68 kg) ↑ Bucks: 200 lb (91 kg) ↑ • ears are erect, nose straight or dished • usually have beards and horns

Saanen

• commonly used for • • • •

commercial milking “Queen of dairy goats” produces the most milk on average Saanen nanny: 1 gal (3.8 li.) a day Milk has lower butterfat content, 2.5%-3.0%

Saanen

• breed is usually pure white in color; • medium to heavy built, with straight or dished face; • heavy milk producers; • yield best in much cooler environment.

SAANEN

• Named after Saanen valley in Switzerland • “Sable Saanen” is the term for nonwhite Saanen • calm and mild mannered • typically breed every year, producing one or two kids • Sensitive to too much sunlight, performs best in cooler regions

Toggenburg

• Oldest known goat dairy breed from Switzerland • Performs well on cool climates • Smaller built

Toggenburg

Toggenburg

• breed

varies in color from light fawn to dark chocolate; • medium built, sturdy, energetic, and active; • highly developed udder ; • high level of milk production.

TOGGENBURG

• named after Toggenburg valley, Switzerland • medium in size • have compact bodies • does have high, well-attached udders • straight or dished faces, but never roman noses • generally a friendly, quiet and gentle breed, and are good as pets • moderate in production, and have relatively low butterfat content (2-3%) in their milk

TOGGENBURG

• color is solid varying from light fawn to dark chocolate • With distinct white markings as follows: owhite ears with dark spot in middle otwo white stripes down the face from above each eye to the muzzle; ohind legs white from hocks to hooves; oforelegs white from knees downward with a dark line (band) below knee acceptable; oa white triangle on either side of the tail.

Alpine • Rock alpines; • Swiss alpines; • US alpines

• with 4.8 butterfat content;

• larger, stronger, and healthier than many other goat breeds; • they tolerate heat better than Saanens and Toggenburgs.

Alpine • breed can have different colors except all white and light brown with white markings;

• It has a straight face, standing ears, and medium body built; • It is a common dairy goat breed because of the amount of milk it is able to produce.

ALPINE

• a medium to large size animal; • does - 57 kg 0.8 meters or 30 inches tall • alertly graceful • hardy, adaptable animals • hair is medium to short • have erect ears, horns, and have a dish-face (straight)

ALPINE

• aka “French Alpine;” originated in the French Alps • can range in color from white or gray to brown and black • have no set markings • heavy milkers • milk can be made into any dairy product

ALPINE Alpine colors are described by using the following terms: Cou Blanc (coo blanc) - white neck & front quarters, black hindquarters, black or gray markings on the head Cou Clair (coo clair) - "clear neck," front quarters tan, saffron, off-white, or shading to gray with black hindquarters. Cou Noir (coo nwah) - literally "black neck" black front quarters and white hindquarters Sundgau (sundgow) - black with white markings such as underbody, facial stripes, etc.

• • • •

What’s missing? La Mancha • “earless” goat which was developed from several goats from Spain;

• a dairy goat which can thrive under harsh conditions

LAMANCHA

• have ears, but pinna is shrunken; 2 types of ears • Gopher ear: very small,

•

'shriveled„; no fold, must not exceed 1 inch (2.5 cm). (This is the only type of ear which will make bucks eligible for registration. ) Elf ear: max. length 2 inches; end of the ear must be turned up or down, and cartilage shaping the small ear is allowed.

ear tags or ear tattoos are not used; tattoos are normally placed on the tail web

La Mancha • breed can be of any color; • one of its distinct characteristics is that it has almost unnoticeable ear ; • relatively small but very sturdy ; • its milk is high in butterfat.

LAMANCHA

• noted for its apparent • • • • •

lack of, or much reduced, external ears medium in size generally calm, quiet, and gentle in temperament comes in just about any color hair is short, fine and glossy dairy breed with high butterfat

PHIL. NATIVE GOAT

• not a dairy breed but for • • • • •

upgrading (e.g. with AngloNubian) increases milk yield small, stocky and low set red, white or black or combination of these colors Mature weight: 20 – 25 kilograms Ave. milk prod‟n: 0.4 liter Lactation Period: 187 days

Upgrades

Pix courtesy of SRC, CLSU

Upgrades

25% Native and 75% Anglonubian

Breeds Raised in the Philippines

Native Goats

Saanen

Anglo-nubian

Toggenburg

Boer

Upgrades/ Triple crosses

Goat Products

Milk

Cheese

Soaps

Chevon

Cashmere

Leather

DISHES OUT OF GOAT’S MEAT • • • • • • • •

Tapa Adobo Kilawin Papait Goat steak Braised meat chop Higado Sinampalukan

• • • • • • •

Barbeque Caldereta Asado Menudo Pochero Afritada Cocido

Part II

SELECTION OF FOUNDATION STOCKS

SELECTION AND CULLING

• Selection – choosing animals with desirable traits that are fit for production • Culling –removing animals that are below average in production, unsound or undesirable

Traits to consider for selection: growth rate, milk yield, prolificacy, body size, resistance to disease, adaptability to environment, and production conditions

Characteristics of Male Breeding Stock 1.Healthy with no deformities 2.Straight and strong legs 3.Active and with high libido 4.Normal testicles 5.With good pedigree 6.Clean, shiny,healthy coat 7.6-8 months and not < 25 kg

Characteristics of Female Breeding Stock

• Healthy with no deformities • Straight and strong legs • Normal genitals • With good mothering ability • Normal teats(smooth, firm, no infection and swelling) • Good pedigree • 6-8 months of age & not