Practica de Bryophytas

 

 

^rç`tl`g 7>. Dusbms, cepçtl`gs y gjtm`erms Dyrlgj @ltfgffl Fgrg Ju÷ez

 

  Dgr`m Yeðrl`m Fms arlðhltms, cepçtl`gs, dusbms y gjtm`ermtes smj pfgjtgs peque÷gs ie pm`ms cgstg ujms 1> `ejtädetrms, `mj `mfmrg`lmjes veries, pgrigs m rmklzgs, slj teklims espe`lgflzgims ie `mjiu``lðj `mdm ef xlfedg y ef hfmedg ie fgs pfgjtgs vgs`ufgres, pmr fm que ef trgjspmrte ie gbug y jutrlejtes m`urre ie `ìfufg g `ìfufg pmr ilhuslðj m trgjspmrte g`tlvm. Ej uj arlðhltm se re`mjm`ej tres pgrtes prlj`lpgfes; prlj`lpgfes; 7) ef bgdetmhltm, que prmiu`e bgdetms y es hmtmsljtìtl`m? 1) fms rlzmlies, ujl`efufgres (ej cepçtl`gs y gjtm`ermtes) m pfurl`efufgres (ej fg dgymräg ie fms dusbms) que hlkgj ef bgdetðhltm gf sustrgtm? 0) uj espmrmhltm, que es ehäderm m ie pm`g iurg`lðj y iepejilejte ief bgdetmhltm. Fms arlðhltms estçj represejtgims ej tres fäjegs evmfutlvgs; g) fgs cepçtl`gs `mjbrebgigs `mjbrebgigs ej Dgr`cgjtlmpcytg? Dgr`cgjtlm pcytg? a) fms gjtm`ermtes ej Gjtcm`ermtmpcytg y `) fms dusbms ej Arympcytg. Cepçtl`gs (Ilvlslðj Dgr`cgjtlmpcytg) Fgs cepçtl`gs se ilvliej ej ims brgjies brupms sebûj su dmrhmfmbäg; fgs tgfmsgs y fgs hmflmsgs. Ef bgdetmhltm ie fgs tgfmsgs `mdpfekgs es ujg fçdljg extejilig `mj fðaufms y rgdlhl`g`lmjes il`mtðdl`gs que presejtgj ej su `grg vejtrgf, es`gdgs y rlzmlies y ej su `grg imrsgf, es täpl`m ej`mjtrgr pmrms y fgs tgfmsgs sldpfes `mj ujg smfg `gpg ie `ìfufgs. Ef tgfm pmsee rlzmlies `mj pgreies flsgs m brgjufg`lmjes ljterjgs, ie ujg m dçs `ìfufgs, que hlkgj fg pfgjtg gf sustrgtm. Fgs cepçtl`gs hmflmsgs estçj hmrdgigs pmr uj `guflilm iefbgim prmvlstm ie ims peque÷ms hlflilms que pueiej hmrdgr sg`ms g`uäherms. Gfbujms bìjerms pmseej ujg ter`erg ‖cmkg— dmilhl`gig ffgdgig gjhlbgstrm ual`gig ej fg pgrte vejtrgf ie fg pfgjtg. Fms rlzmlies smj ujl`efufgres y estçj ual`gims vejtrgfdejte m ej fg agse sebûj ef cçaltm ie fg pfgjtg. Fgs cepçtl`gs tlejej `uerpms mfeäherms que `mjtlejej terpejmlies vmfçtlfes y fg huj`lðj ie estms detgamfltms se`ujigrlms es iehejslvg. Dusbms (Ilvlslðj Arympcytg) Fms dusbms smj ef brupm dçs brgjie y `mdpfekm ie arlðhltms, ie pm`ms `ejtädetrms ie gfturg, gfbujms ffebgj g fms 5> `d. Ej fg pfgjtg, se re`mjm`ej tres pgrtes; ef bgdetmhltm que se hlkg gf sustrgtm pmr deilm ie rlzmlies, fg setg efmjbgig y ujg `çpsufg `mj peque÷ms ilejtes que hmrdgj ef perlstmdg prmteblig pmr ujg `gflptrg `mj m slj mpìr`ufm. Pmj ie `mfmrg`lðj vgrlgig, verie, gdgrlffg, rmklzg e lj`fuslve jebrg. Fms hlflilms se ilspmjej ej esplrgf m smj iästl`ms, `mj m slj `mstg. @mj `re`ldlejtm g`rm`çrpl`m, `ugjim fgs pfgjtgs smj ere`tgs, slj rgdlhl`g`lmjes y ef espmrmhltm jg`e ej ef çpl`e y pfeurm`çrpl`m `ugjim smj rgstrergs, `mj du`cgs rgdlhl`g`lmjes y ef espmrmhltm jg`e ej fg pgrte fgtergf, juj`g ej ef çpl`e.  Gjtm`ermtes (Ilvlslðj (Ilvlslðj Gjtcm`ermtmpcytg) Gjtcm`ermtmpcytg) Fms gjtm`ermtes smj ef brupm dçs peque÷m, ef tgfm tleje hmrdg fgdljgr, dg`lzm y `grjmsm `mj amries gs`ejiejtes ejterms m ilvlilims pm`m ilherej`lgims clstmfðbl`gdejte, ef teklim tleje vgrlgs `ìfufgsie ieglre, `mfmr verie ms`urm `fgrm, jm`mj cgypmrms es`gdgs pefms. Ef fgim ief tgfm`gpgs tleje ie `çdgrgs galertgs cg`lg efg exterlmr ej fgjl `grg imrsgf, quevejtrgf `mjtlejej `mfmjlgs sldalðtl`gs ie fg `lgjmag`terlg Jmstm` gfaerbgigs ej fgs dlsdgs `çdgrgs. Fg huj`lðj ie fgs `lgjmag`terlgs es hlkgr ef jltrðbejm ief glre y g `gdalm re`laej fms `gramclirgtms prmiu`lims pmr fg pfgjtg. Ej fms gjtm`ermtes, `gig `ìfufg pmsee uj `fmrmpfgstm `mj uj plrejmlie, estru`turg refg`lmjgig `mj fg säjtesls ie gfdliðj. Fms gjtm`ermtes `gre`ej ie `uerpms mfeäherms. Ef espmrmhltm y ef bgdetmhltm pmseej estmdgs. Fms rlzmlies pmseej pgreies iefbgigs y smj flsms. Fms gjtm`ermtes smj duy sldlfgres g fgs cepçtl`gs iealim g que presejtgj uj bgdetðhltm ej hmrdg ie tgfm que ig mrlbej g uj espmrðhltm tuaufgr que `mjtleje espmrgs y pseuimefçteres, pseuimefç teres, estgs pfgjtgs presejtgj estmdgs ej ef espmrmhltm, `grg`terästl`g que fms g`er`g g fgs pfgjtgs vgs`ufgres.

Huejtes; -Dmrgfes @., Agquerm , I., Mspljm,G., Kldìjez, D., Aeraìj, D. y Jebrlttm, G. (1>72) Ljhmhfmrg Amfetäj ie Amtçjl`g, Ujlversligi ief Dgbigfejg, Ilspmjlafe ej; cttps;//www.ujldgbigfejg.eiu.`m/@mjtejt/^uafl`/Im`s/Ejtrgig]Hg`uftgi0/ cttps;//www.ujldgbigfejg. eiu.`m/@mjtejt/^uafl`/Im`s/Ejtrgig]Hg`uftgi0/gikujtm]7>1737>>97 gikujtm]7>1737>>97>9>9>]99>9>]91> -Bfmsgrlm ie ^fgjtgs - Fgamrgtmrlm ie ^fgjtgs Xgs`ufgres, Hg`uftgi ie @lej`lgs UJGD. (1>1>). Ilspmjlafe ej; cttp;//almfmblg.h`lej`lgs.ujgd.dx/pfgjtgsvgs`ufgres/Bfmsgrlm^fgjtgs/Arlmhltgs/ljiex.ctdf

-Dejimzg, G. y @ekg, K. Gtfgs ie arlmhltgs y pterlimhltgs(1>79), Ujlversligi gutmjmdg detrmpmfltgjg, Ilspmjlafe ej; cttps;//www.resegr`cbgte.jet/puafl`gtlmj/01090771 

 

  Maketlvms 7. @mjm`er fgs prlj`lpgfes `grg`terästl`gs dmrhmfðbl`gs ie fgs ilvlslmjes Arympcytg, Dgr`cgjtlmpcytg y  Gjtcm`ermtmpcytg  Gjtcm`ermtmpcytg 1. Maservgr fg dmrhmfmbäg ljterjg y exterjg ie fms bìjerms represejtgtlvms 0. Ilstljbulr fg hgse espmrmhätl`g ie fg bgdetmhätl`g ie ej fgs cepçtl`gs, gjtm`erms y dusbms.

^rm`eildlejtm Maservg fgs slbulejtes ldçbejes respe`tm g fms dusbms, cepçtl`gs y gjtm`erms, ies`rlae fg dmrhmfmbäg exterjg sl cgy estru`turgs reprmiu`tlvgs, que pgrtes ie fg pfgjtg se duestrgj, `mdm `guflilms, hlflilms, rlzmlies, `gpsufgs, `gpsufgs, mpìr`ufms, et` y fms `mrtes clstmfðbl`ms, `mdm smj fgs `ìfufgs, sl cgy `fmrmpfgstms, `fmrmpfgstms, sl duestrgj `uerpms mfeäherms, `ìfufgs ie smstìj, eplierdls y fms clirmlies et`. ^ueies guxlflgrte ief gtfgs ie dusbms y cefe`cms que estç ej fg se``lðj ie re`ursms .

Qesuftgims

Maservg`lmjes

Maservg`lmjes

Cepçtl`g tgfmsg Bgdetmhltm `mj grquebmjlmhmrms y `mj`eptç`ufms.

@mrte trgjsversgf ief bgdetmhltm.

Pe pueie maservgr ef bgdetgjblmhmrm, `mj su peiûj`ufm `lfäjirl`m y ef re`eptç`ufm ils`mlie ej ef que se iesgrrmffgj fms grquebmjlms? fgs rgdgs que fms pmrtgj smj fms grquebmjlmhmrms.

Pe maservgj teklim hmtmsljtìtl`m, pmrm y ims `çdgrgs gerähergs

 

  Qesuftgims

Maservg`lmjes

Maservg`lmjes

Bgdetmhltm `mj espmrmhltms.

@mrte trgjsversgf ief bgdetmhltm.

Pe pueie maservgr ef bgdetmhltm fgdljgr, gpfgjgim y duftlfmaufgim, ie `mfmr verie ms`urm? `mj espmrmhltms hmrdgims pmr uj ple aufamsm edaealim ej ef bgdetmhltm, `mj sus respe`tlvgs `çpsufgs `lfljirl`gs y fgrbgs rmiegigs pmr ef ljvmfu`rm.

Pe pueie maservgr eplierdls superlmr e ljherlmr, ujg `çdgrg gjterlilgf `mj gjterlilms ,vgrlgs `gpgs ie pgrìjquldg y fms rlzmlies. rlzmlies .

Qesuftgims

Maservg`lmjes Bgdetmhltm ie dusbm pfeurm`çrpl`m. pfeurm`çrpl`m. Pe pueie maservgr ef `guflilm kujtm `mj fms hlflilms.

Maservg`lmjes Pe pueie maservgr uj g`er`gdlejtm ief hlflilm.

 

  Qesuftgims

Maservg`lmjes

Maservg`lmjes

Cepçtl`g hmflmsg. Pe pueiej maservgr ef bgdetmhltm `mj sus hlflilms fgtergfes y ef `guflilm.

Pe pueie maservgr `ìfufgs `mj `uerpms mfeäherms y träbmjms.

Qesuftgims

Maservg`lmjes

Maservg`lmjes

Bgdetmhltm `mj espmrmhltms. Dusbm g`rm`çrpl`m. g`rm`çrpl`m.

@mrte Yrgjsversgf ie uj hlflilm.

Ej ef bgdetmhltm se pueie maservgr fms hlflilms. Ef espmrmhltms se ej`uejtrg edaealim ej ef teklim

Pe pueiej maservgr fgs fgdefgs, `efufgs bulg, clirmlies, estereligs y fgs `ìfufgs ie fg eplierdls.

ief bgdetmhltm, se ve fg setg räblig gfgrbgig `mfmr rmklzm, `mj su `çpsufg gjbufmsg `ualertg pmr fg `gflptrg.

 

Ils`uslðj ½@uçf es fg ilherej`lg ejtre rlzmlies y rgäz, hlflilm y cmkg, `guflilm y tgffm= Qlzmlie y Qgäz; Ef rlzmlie es uj pefm vebetgf m uj hlfgdejtm que cg`e fgs ve`es ie rgäz ej pterliðhltgs dlejtrgs que fg rgäz estç presejte ej tmigs fgs pfgjtgs vgs`ufgres este ðrbgjm es ljtrmiu`lim ej tlerrg. @guflilm y tgffm; @guilflm eke prlj`lpgf ie fms bgdetmhltms y/m bgdetðhmrms ie fms dusbms y cepçtl`gs. Es ef equlvgfejte gf tgffm ej ef espmrmhltm ie pfgjtgs vgs`ufgres. Hlflilm y cmkg ; Hlflilms, estru`turgs fgdljgres hmtmsljtìtl`gs que se ljsertgj ej ef `guflilm ief bgdetmhltm ie gfbujgs arlmhltgs. Yìrdljm utlflzgim ej fubgr ie cmkg ie fgs pfgjtgs vgs`ufgres. ½@uçfes smj fgs ilherej`lgs ejtre ujg cepçtl`g hmflmsg y ujg tgfmsg= Cepçtl`g hmflmsg; @grg`terlzgigs @grg`terlzgigs pmrque sus bgdetmhltms estçj `mjstltulims pmr `guilflm `mj hlflilms y ej m`gslmjes gjhlbgstrms? fms bgdetmhltms se hlkgj gf sustrgtm pmr rlzmlies bejergfdejte ujl`efufgres. ujl`efufgres. Fms grquebmjlms y gjterlilms se fm`gflzgj ej rgdgs fgtergfes ej ef tgffm prlj`lpgf. Cepçtl`g tgfmsg; @grg`terlzgig pmrque sus bgdetmhltms tlejej ef `uerpm gpfgjgim, rgdlhl`gim il`mtðdl`gdejte y fmaufgim ej ef çpl`e. Ef espmrmhltm estç hmrdgim pmr uj ple ujlim gf bgdetmhltm. ½@uçf es fg huj`lðj ie fgs `çdgrgs sldalðtl`gs `mj Jmstm`= Hlkg`lðj ie jltrðbejm ief glre. ½@uçf es fg ldpmrtgj`lg e`mfðbl`g ie fgs Arympcytgs= Fg ldpmrtgj`lg e`mfðbl`g ie fms arlðhltms es hujigdejtgf pgrg ef estgafe`ldlejtm, iesgrrmffm y sustejtgalfligi ie fg vlig, iesie su rmf ej fg su`eslðj, fg prmiu``lðj ie hltmdgsg, ej fg ceralvmräg, ej fg ies`mdpmsl`lðj y ej ef `l`fm ie jutrlejtes? huj`lmjes que smj gprmve`cgigs pmr mtrms mrbgjlsdms, lj`fuyejim fgs pfgjtgs vgs`ufgres, fgs gves y fms ljverteargims. Estgs pfgjtgs smj `gptgimrgs ie gbug duy ehl`g`es y smj ex`efejtes ljil`gimrgs ie pC. ½^mr quì se il`e que smj pfgjtgs ^mlqulfmcäirl`gs= ^mrque `gre`ej ie uj de`gjlsdm pgrg rebufgr ef `mjtejlim cäirl`m y prevejlr fg iese`g`lðj.

½@uçf es fg ldpmrtgj`lg e`mjðdl`g ie fgs Arlmpcytgs= Utlflzgig ej fg cmrtl`ufturg, `mdm sustrgtm pgrg `uftlvms, gimrjms jgvlie÷ms, pestl`ligs y `mdaustlafes. Dej`lmjg ef bìjerm ie gfbujg espe`le ie ldpmrtgj`lg `mder`lgf Ppcgbjud

 

@mj`fuslðj Fms arlðhltms smj uj brupm ie pfgjtgs sldpfes, `ru`lgfes ej fg trgjsl`lðj ie fg vlig hmtmsljtìtl`g g fg tlerrg. Pmj pfgjtgs peque÷gs, `grejtes ie slstedg vgs`ufgr, `mj ujg gdpflg ilstrlau`lðj y brgj ldpmrtgj`lg e`mfðbl`g. e`mfðbl`g. Estgs pfgjtgs `gre`ej ie tgffms, rgä`es y cmkgs, perm tlejej estru`turgs que se gsedekgj g ìstgs, ffgdgigs `guflilms, hlflilms y rlzmlies. Ef `uerpm ie fg pfgjtg se fe `mjm`e `mdm tgfm. Fg pfgjtg que se maservg `mdm arlmhltm es fg etgpg ie bgdetmhltm ej su `l`fm ie vlig. Fms bgdetms ie fms arlmhltms estçj ej fms bgdetgjblms gjterlilms y grquebmjlms. Yrgs fg he`ujig`lðj se prmiu`e uj espmrmhltm. Ef espmrmhltm es iepejilejte ief bgdetmhltm y gf dgiurgr prmiu`e espmrgs cgpfmlies brg`lgs g fg delmsls y smj flaergigs gf gdalejte. @ugjim fg espmrg berdljg se prmiu`e uj prmtmjedg que vg iesgrrmffgrse ej bgdetmhltm. Fms arlðhltms estçj represejtgims pmr fgs cepçtl`gs (Dgr`cgjtlmpcytg), (Dgr`cgjtlmp cytg), fms gjtm`ermtes (Gjtcm`ermtmpcytg) (Gjtcm`ermtmpcytg) y fms dusbms (Arympcytg.)