Práctica 8.inflorescencia Lopez

 

 

 

ZHGQJP]GLCL HCMGKHCO LJ

Urãmtmcs Qgrucojs MCNCICPMC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Urãmtmcs lj @kãhgmc Cfrémkoc J]\ZLGCH\J> Okpjz ]cumjlk4 Pksc Chgc

UPKAJ]KP > I. Ms. Qémtkr Pcþo Crçvcok ]cumjlk

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  UPKAJ]KP > I. Ms. Qémtkr Pcþo Crçvcok ]cumjlk Urãmtmcs Qgrucojs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

UPJ]JH\CMGÝH ‟]g sc`js lg`uncr uhc bknc, sc`js lg`uncr jo iuhlk’  Nkbh Pusdgh  Pusdgh  (3237-3755)

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c prjsjhtj Fuéc lj prãmtgmcs bc sglk ljscrrkooclc pcrc quj oks jstulgchtjs lj oc csgfhcturc lj @ktãhgmc Cfrémkoc lgspkhfch lj oc ghakricmgýh hjmjscrgc pcrc oc rjcogzcmgýh sj ocs prãmtgmcs lj oc`krctkrgk, lj cmujrlk mkh oks tjics

jstc`ojmglks jh jo sgoc`k, mkipjtjhmgcs, rjsuotclks lj cprjhlgzcnj j ghlgmclkrjs lj ljsjipjók. Jo prjsjhtj

Lkmuijhtk krgjhtc co jstulgchtj pcrc quj pujlc ljscrrkoocr sus prãmtgmcs vgrtucojs y pujlc joc`krcr sus rjspjmtgvks ghakrijs k jvgljhmgcs lj cprjhlgzcnj, quj sjrãh jvcouclcs mkh oks ghstruijhtks mkrrjspkhlgjhtjs mkik agmbcs lj k`sjrvcmgýh k rþ`rgm rþ` rgmcs cs lj jvcou jvcoucm cmgýh gýh.. Oc Fuéc prjsjh prjsjhtc tc oc jstru jstrumtu mturc rc `ãs `ãsgmc gmc k sjm sjmujh ujhmgc mgc lj cmtgvglcljs lj mclc sjsgýh lj prãmtgmcs quj acmgogtch y krgjhtc oc oc`kr ljo jstulgchtj jh su prkmjsk akrictgvk mkhtrg`uyjhlk co pjrago prkajsgkhco. Oc @ktãhgmc js uhc rcic lj oc @gkokféc y js oc mgjhmgc quj sj kmupc ljo jstu js tulg lgk k lj oc ocss poch pochtc tcss jh tk tklk lkss ok okss cs cspj pjmt mtks ks,, ok qu quj j gh ghmo mouy uyj j su lj ljsm smrgp rgpmg mgýh ýh,, mocsgagmcmgýh, lgstrg`umgýh, gljhtgagmcmgýh y jo jstulgk lj su rjprklummgýh, agsgkokféc, ikrakokféc, rjocmgkhjs rjméprkmcs, rjocmgkhjs mkh oks ktrks sjrjs vgvks y jajmtks prkvkmclks sk`rj jo ijlgk jh jo quj sj jhmujhtrch4 pkr ok quj cpkrtc c ocs mkipjt mki pjtjhm jhmgcs gcs jspjmé jspjméagm agmcs cs oc mcpcmg mcpcmglcl lcl pc pcrc rc rjm rjmkhk khkmjr mjr,, glj gljhtga htgagmc gmcr, r, jv jvcou coucr cr j ghtjrprjtcr oc jstrumturc ghtjrhc y jxtjrhc lj ocs pochtcs, csé mkik su ikrakokféc y agsgkokféc. Urka. Qémtkr P Pcþo cþo Crçv Crçvcok cok ]cum ]cumjlk jlk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------@kãhgmc Cfrémkoc. I. Ms. Qémkr Pcþo Crçvcok ]cumjlk

0

 

Urãmtmcs Qgrucojs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HKPIC] LJ ]JFZPGLCL W UPKMJLGIGJH\K] FJHJPCOJ] UCPC OC] UPÃM\GMC] LJ @K\ÃHGMC  Chtjs lj ljscrrkoo ljscrrkoocr cr mclc uhc lj ocs prãmtgmcs lj jstj ichuco ojj y ctgjhlj ocs ghstrummgkhjs lj sjfurglcl quj sj lch co ghgmgk lj jstcs. Js ghlgspjhsc`oj quj sgfcs ocs ghstrummgkhjss y tjhfcs jh mujhtc ocs hkrics lj sjfurglcl pcrc jvgtcr mucoqugjr cmmgljhtj. ]g ghstrummgkhj jh cofþh ikijhtk, ocs hkrics lj sjfurglcl hk skh muipoglcs, sj suspjhljrã oc prãmtgmc jh mursk mur sk44 pujs pujs jo mui muipo pogig gigjht jhtk k lj oc ocss hkr hkrics ics js ghlgs ghlgspjh pjhsc` sc`oj oj pcrc pcrc csj csjfu furcr rcr jo `ujh `ujh ljscrrkook lj ocs cmtgvglcljs y pcrc uh cprjhlgzcnj jajmtgvk y sjfurk c tg y c oks ljiãs ghtjfrchtjs lj oc prãmtgmc qujfcrchtgzcrtj, jstçs ljscrrkoochlk jh su ikijhtk. Pjmkijhlcmgkhjs pcrc trc`cnk jh oc`krctkrgk> Mkik rjqugsgtk ghlgspjhsc`oj pcrc jo ghfrjsk co oc`krctkrgk js tjhjr pujstc oc `ctc lj oc`krctkrgk. Co ghfrjscr co oc`krctkrgk lj`js rjcogzcr ok sgfugjhtj> c)

Lj Ljnc nc tus tus `k `kos oscs cs y p pkrt krtcak cakogogks ks j jh h ok okss ch chcq cqujo ujojs js l lj j ok okss oc oc`k `krct rctkrg krgks. ks.

`)

Fucrlc krljh y sgojhmgk.

m)

Ztgogzc oc `ctc lj oc`krctkrg oc`krctkrgk k cljmuclc cljmuclcijhtj. ijhtj.

l)

Ztgogzc jo ictjrgco ljo oc`krctkrgk lj cmujrlk mkh jo prkmjlgigjht prkmjlgigjhtk k lj oc prãmtgmc, (rjcmtgvks, mrgstcojréc y jqugpks).

j) a)

Ogipgc ocs ãrjcs lj trc`cnk y ictjrgcoj ictjrgcojss utgogzclks jh ocs prãmtgmcs. Ucrc ocs prãmtgmcs quj fjhjrjh jigsgýh lj fcsjs js k`ogfctkrgk quj utgogmjs ocs icsmcrgoocs, icsmcrgooc s, ojhtjs y mu`rj `kmcs.

f)

Ucrc ocs prãmtgmcs quj fjhjrjh mcokr, js k`ogfctkrgk quj utgogmjs oks fuchtjs lj cs`jstk.

b)

Urkb Urkbg` g`gl glk k au auic icrr j gh ghtr trkl klum umgr gr c cogogij ijht htks ks y ` `j` j`gl glcs cs..

g)

Jvgtc utgogzcr jo tjoçakhk mjouocr pcrc prjvjhgr cmmgljhtjs y lgstrcmmgkhj lgstrcmmgkhjs. s.

Pjmkijhlcmgkhjs pcrc trc`cnk lj mcipk>  Co oojfcr co ãrjc ãrjc lj mcipk lkhlj rjcogz rjcogzcrcs crcs oc prãmtgmc l lj`js j`js rjcog rjcogzcr zcr ok sgfugjh sgfugjhtj> tj> c) Pj Pjfgs fgstrc trc tu csg csgstj stjhmg hmgc c jh jh j joo akri akrictk ctk mkr mkrrjs rjspk pkhlg hlgjht jhtj. j. `)

Zsc rkpc lj prktjmmgýh lj cmujrlk mkh oc prãmtgmc c ljscrrkooc ljscrrkoocr. r.

m)

Zsc `ktcs lj sjfurglcl sjfurglcl,, f fuchtjs, uchtjs, icsmcrgooc icsmcrgoocss y ojhtjs lj prktjmmgýh lj cmujrlk mkh hjmjsglcl lj oc prãmtgmc.

l)

Fucrlc krljh y sgojhmgk.

j)

Ztgogzc jo ictjrgco y jqugpk lj cmujrlk mkh jo prkmjlgigjhtk lj oc prãmtgmc (icqughcrgc, ajrtgogzchtjs, cfrkquéigmks y bjrrcigjhtcs bjrrcigjhtcs). ).

a)

Ogipgc ocs ãrjcs lj trc`cnk y ictjrgcoj ictjrgcojss utgogzclks jh ocs prãmtgmcs.

f)

Ucrc ocs prãmtgmcs jh oks quj oks cfrkquéigmks fjhjrjh rjsgluks vkoãtgojs js k`ogfctkrgk k`ogfctkrg k quj utgogmjs ocs icsmcrgoocs icsmcrgoocs,, ojhtjs y mu`rj `kmcs.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------@kãhgmc Cfrémkoc. I. Ms. Qémkr Pcþo Crçvcok ]cumjlk

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Urãmtmcs Qgrucojs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

UPÃM\GMC Hµ 52>

GHAOKPJ]MJHMGC] PJ]ZO\CLK] LJ CUPJHLG^CNJ 

Pjmkhkmjr oks tgpks lj aokrjs j ghaokrjsmjhmgcs `csãhlksj jh su jstrumturc, sjxk



y sgijtréc. Lgsjmmgkhcr ocs ghaokrjsmjhmgcs pcrc rjmkhkmjr mclc uhc lj ocs jstrumturcs aokrcojs quj oc ghtjfrch (aokrjs icsmuoghcs, aokrjs ajijhghcs y bjricarklgtcs).



GH\PKLZMMGÝH.

Oc ghaokrjsmjhmgc js oc lgspksgmgýh lj ocs aokrjs aokrjs sk`rj  sk`rj ocs rcics rcics k  k oc jxtrjiglcl ljo tcook tcook44 su oéigtj jstã ljtjrighclk pkr uhc bknc hkrico. Oc ghaokrjsmjhmgc pujlj prjsjhtcr uhc skoc aokr, mkik jh jo mcsk lj oc icfhkogc icfhkogc k  k jo tuogpãh tuogpãh,, k mkhstcr lj lks k iãs aokrjs mkik jh jo foclgkok foclgkok y  y jo trgfk trgfk.. Jh jo prgi prgijr jr mc mcsk sk sj lj ljhk hkig ighc hch h ghaokrjsmjhmgcs uhgaokrcs y jh jo sjfuhlk sj ocs oocic pourgaokrcs. Ocs ghaokrjsmjhmgcs uhgaokrcs pujljh sjr tjrighcojs mkik jh oc icfhkogc icfhkogc,, k cxgocrjs mkik jh oc mcijogc mcijogc,, y mkhstch fjhjrcoijhtj ljo pjlgmjok pjlgmjok y  y cofuhcs `rãmtjcs `rãmtjcs.. Oks ýrfchks mkhstgtutgvks lj ocs ghaokrjsmjhmgcs pourgaokrcs skh ocs aokrjs prkvgstcs k hk ljo pjlgmjok, pjlgmjok, jo jnj k rjmjptãmuok mkiþh, jo pjlþhmuok pjlþhmuok y  y ocs `rãmtjcs. Jo pjlgmjok js oc pcrtj ljo tcook quj skstgjhj oc aokr4 c vjmjs js iuy mkrtk, y ktrcs vjmjs js huok, jh muyk mcsk oc aokr sj lgmj sjhtclc k sçsgo sçsgo.. Jo jnj k rcqugs js rcqugs js oc pcrtj cocrfclc ljo tcook quj oojvc ocs rcics aokréajrcs4 sg js mkrtk y jstã jhschmbclk jh akric lj poctk sj oocic rjmjptãmuok mkiþh. Jo pjlþhmuok, js oc pcrtj ljo tcook quj skpkrtc jo rcqugs k jo rjmjptãmuok mkiþh. Jo jnj quj scoj lj oc `csj crrksjtclc lj oc pochtc k lj uh ýrfchk su`tjrrãhjk sj oocic jsmcpk (pkr jsmcpk (pkr jnjipok, cicryoogs cicryoogs,, k Cfcpchtbus  Cfcpchtbus,, \crcxcmui ). Ocs `rãmtjcs k bgpsýagoks bgpsýagoks skh  skh ocs bkncs iklgagmclcs, fjhjrcoijhtj ijhkrjs quj ocs bkncs hkricojs, mkokrjclcs k vjrlkscs, quj hcmjh sk`rj jo rãqugs k cmkipcóch c Cofuhcs acotch, mruméajrcs, vjmjs rocs jmg`aokrjs. jh hki`rjvjmjs s jspjmgcmkik ojs, jh jotcomcsk js lj mocs kikmruméajrcs fouics fouics y  y, ktrcs fouijocs fouijocs jh  jh ocs pkãmjcs pkãmjcs y  y mgpjrãmjcs, mgpjrãmjcs, k jspctc jh jspctc jh ocs crãmjcs crãmjcs y  y pcoijrcs pcoijrcs.. Jh ktrks mcsks ocs `rãmtjcs akrich ýrfchks prktjmtkrjs lj ocs aokrjs ( ghvkoumrks ghvkoumrks), ), mkik oc mþpuoc lj qujrmus y jo jrgzk ljo mcstcók. Jo prýagok k prýagok k `rcmtjkoc `rcmtjkoc js  js oc prgijrc `rãmtjc lj uhc rcic cxgocr, jstã lgspujstc ljo oclk kpujstk c oc bknc hkrico. Jh ocs ikhkmktgojlýhjcs ikhkmktgojlýhjcs js  js `gmcrjhclc y pkr jo lkrs lk rsk, k, mý mýhm hmcv cvk, k, sj cl clks ksc c jo jn jnj j quj quj oooojv jvc c oc rcic rcic.. Jh oc ocss js jspg pgfu fugogooc ocss lj ocs pkãmjcs pkãmjcs jo  jo prýagok rjmg`j jo hki`rj lj pãojc k pãojc k fouijoc supjrgkr .

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------@kãhgmc Cfrémkoc. I. Ms. Qémkr Pcþo Crçvcok ]cumjlk

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Urãmtmcs Qgrucojs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

IC\JPGCOJ]

 

IC\JPGCO @K\CHGMK Aokrjs arjsmcs lj lgvjrscs jspjmgjs,

  

  @rufichsgc spp. (aokrgpkhlgk),   Mumur`gtc pjpk (mcoc`czc),

Aokrjs arjsmcs lj lgvjrscs jspjmgjs lkijstgmclcs>    Fjrchgui spp. (fjrchgk), krquéljcs, jtm)  Mkhks icsmuoghks y ajijhghks lj fgihkspjrics  Aokrjs lj ikhkmktgojlýhjc ikhkmktgojlýhjcss y lgmktgojlýhjcs. JSZGUK  Igmrksmkpgk lj lgsjmmgýh (oupc)  Mcncs pjtrg   Cfuncs lj lgsjmmgýh lgsjmmgýh  Ukrtck`njtks  Mu`rjk`njtks  Hcvcnc k `gsturé   Coagojrjs, Oufko, Cfuc ljstgoclc ljstgoclc 



IJ\KLKOKFÉC W UPKMJLGIGJH\K G. Jh mmclc clc aok aokrr bcmjr bcmjr rjvgsg rjvgsgýh ýh lj lj su ikrako ikrakokfé kféc, c, b bcmj cmjrr js jsqu qujic jics, s, b bcmj cmjrr lgsjmmgýh ighumgksc y sjpcrcr sus muctrk vjrtgmgoks. GG. Jh ssçpc çpcoks oks lgsjmt lgsjmtclk clkss mk mkhkm hkmjr jr su su akric akric,, tci tcicó cók, k, mk mkokr okr,, sg sskh kh oog`r g`rjs js k ausgkhclks, ljsmrg`groks jh ljtcooj. GGG GGG.. Jh mmkrk krkocs ocs l lgsj gsjmtc mtclcs lcs mkhkmj mkhkmjrr oc aakri kric c lj oks p pçtc çtcoks oks,, mkokr mkokr,, tci tcicók cók,, pksgmgýh, og`rjs k mkhmrjsmjhtjs. GQ. Jh aoaokrj krjss ics icsmuo muoghc ghcss sj sjpcr pcrcr cr ok okss jst jstci` ci`rjs rjs l ljsm jsmrg` rg`gro groks ks y mocs mocsgagm gagmcro croks. ks. Q. Jh aaokr okrjs js aj ajijh ijhghc ghcss sj sjpcr pcrcr cr pg pgstg stgoks oks y moc mocsga sgagmc gmcrok rokss sj sjfþh fþh jo h hþij þijrk rk l lj j

 

QG. QGG.. QGG QGGG. QGG G. GR. R.

mcrpjoks, kvcrgk k ijlgk. K`t K`tjh jhfc fc f frch rchks ks sþpjrk, l lj j pkojh pkojhéhajrk, y k`sçrv k`sçrvjok jokss co i igmrk gmrksmk smkpgk pgk mkh mkh uhc uhc f fktc ktc l lj j cf cfuc uc ljstgoclc K`tjh K`tjhfc fc ýv ývuok uokss y k`s k`sçrv çrvjok jokss co ig igmrk mrksm smkpg kpgk, k, cf cfrjf rjfchl chlk k uh uhc c fkt fktc c lj cf cfuc uc ljstgoclc Lj tr trjs js tgpks tgpks l lj j aok aokrjs rjs lgst lgstght ghtcs cs pkr pkr su sj sjxk xk,, rjprjs rjprjsjht jhtj j ocs aýri aýriuoc uocss aok aokrco rcojs js mkrrjspkhlgjhtjs. Bcm Bcmjr jr jsquj jsqujics ics mkrr mkrrjsp jspkhl khlgjh gjhtjs tjs y mmkip kipcrc crcrok rokss mkh gous goustrc trcmgk mgkhjs hjs lj lj tjxt tjxtks ks lj `ktãhgmc. K`s K`sjrv jrvcr cr ocs ocs gh ghaok aokrjs rjsmjh mjhmgc mgcss y mocsg mocsgagm agmcro crocs cs l lj j cm cmujr ujrlk lk mmkh kh jo jo tgp tgpk k quj quj mkrrjspkhlc>

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------@kãhgmc Cfrémkoc. I. Ms. Qémkr Pcþo Crçvcok ]cumjlk

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Urãmtmcs Qgrucojs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

J]SZJIC]> (aktkfrcaécs k lg`unks)  C)

Joc`krc jsqujics lj lj tklcs tus k`sjrvcmgkhjs, k`sjrvcmgkhjs, chktc jh tklcs sus sus mcrcmtjréstgmcs, lj mclc aokr lj`j bcmjr uh jsqujic lj oc ikrakokféc jxtjrhc, uh jsqujic lj oc lgsjmmgýh c oc igtcl lj oc aokr okhfgtulghcoijhtj, jsquji jsqujics cs lj mclc uhk lj oks vjrtgmgoks aokrcojs. ao krcojs. Agf. 3> @rufichsgc spp. (Aokrgpkhlgk) 3.   ]çpcoks.  ]çpcoks.  : sçpcoks. 0.   Uçtcoks. Uçtcoks. : pçcoks. =.   Jstci`rjs. MPGU\K]\JIKHC]. Jstci`rjs. MPGU\K]\JIKHC]. ]g oks jsci`rjs jsãh ghmouglks ljhrk lj oc mkrkoc. : jsci`rjs.  Mumþr`gtc pjpk (mcoc`czc). 3   ]çpcoks.  ]çpcoks.  : sçpcoks og`rjs 0   Uçtcoks.  Uçtcoks.  : pçcoks uhglks jhrj sé. =   Jstci`rjs.  Jstci`rjs.  = jsci`rjs jsci`rjs skolclks skolclks <   Ugsok.  Ugsok.  Urjsjhc uh pgstok akriclk pkr jstok jstfic y kvcrgk. :   Ghakrjsmjhmgc.  Ghakrjsmjhmgc.  Jspãlgmj.

 

Agf. = Fjrchgui 3>  3> 

sjpcoks>  sjpcoks> 

pr prjs jsjh jhc c

:

sç sçpc pcok okss

og`rjspuhtmclks jhrj k.: mi c0 mi pçtcoks> : 0> pçtcoks>  : pçcoks lj mkokr rknk sjpcrclks lj akric kpujsc =. jstci`rjs> jstci`rjs> 6  6 jsci`rjs lj 0.: mi. pgsok> pgsok> akriclk  akriclk lj : mcrpjoks uhglks :> ghakrjsmjhmgc> ghakrjsmjhmgc> ui`joc.  ui`joc.

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Urãmtmcs Qgrucojs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Joc Joc`kr `krc c uh mu mucl clrk rk mk mkipc ipcrct rctgvk gvk lj lj ocs lg lgstg stghtc htcss aokrjs aokrjs j gha ghaokr okrjsm jsmjhm jhmgcs gcs k`sjrvclcs.

Mocsj lj aokr  Mocsj lj aokr  sjfþh hþijrk lj sjfþh jstci`rjs vjrtgmgoks MPGU\K]\JIKHC pjhtcijrc ]

Hki`rj lj oc pochtc @rufichsgc spp. 

‟aokrgpkhlgk’

Mumþr`gtc  pjpk 

\gpk lj pochtc \gpk lj sjfþh aokr  ghaokrjsmjhmg (I ” L) c  cx  cxgocr lgmktgojlkhjc

Gskstjikhc

cxgocrjs

ikhkmktgojlkhj c

G]K]\JIKHC

ZI@JOC

lgmktgojlkhjc

UJH\CIJP  C

mcoc`czc

Fjrchgui sp fjrchjk

pjhtcijrk

Ucssgaokrc tcrighgchc

MPU\K] MPU \K]\JI \JIKHC KHC] ] ZHGAOK ZHGAOKPC] PC]

lgm lgmktg ktgojl ojlkhj khjc c

G]K]\JIKHC

lgmktgojlkhjc

pjhtcijrk

Ukrk pkrk Pcpbchus rcpbchgstru 

tjtrcijrk

PCMGIK \JPIGHCO

i

Pc`chgtk sgovjstrj

M)

Aýriuocs aokrcojs> Uochtc

@rufichsgc spp.

Aýriuoc aokrco 

aokrgpkhlgk Fjrchgui  sp

fjrchjk Ucssgaokrc tcrighgchc

 

D: M : C3 F (=)   D : M :C :F =

pkrkpkrk

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6

 

Urãmtmcs Qgrucojs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MZJ]\GKHCPGK 3. »Jxpog »Jxpogmc mc muão muão js jo krg krgfjh fjh lj oc aok aokr; r;  

Jo krgf krgfj jh lj oc ocss po poc cht htcs cs mkh aokr aokrjs js kmu murr rrgý gý mgj gjh h ig igooookh khjs js lj cók ókss ch chtj tjss ocs pochtcs mkh aokrjs skh oks frchks lj pkojh, quj skh pjqujóks, rk`ustks y huijrksks y, p pkr kr ok tchtk, ak aksgogzch sgogzch iãs aãmgoijhtj quj ocs bkncs y oc ocss aokrjs aokrjs.. Zhc sjmujhmgc ghghtjrruipglc lj pkojh aksgogzclk lj ocs aokrjs mkijhzý jh jo Mrjtãmgmk \jiprchk, bcmj cprkxgiclcijhtj 3 uh uhc c pc pcrt rtj j vg vgvg vgjh jhtj tj k prkt prktkp kpoc ocsi sic c y uh uhc c pc pcrt rtj j gh ghjr jrtj tj k pc pcrj rjl l mj mjou ouoc ocrr ooooci cicl clc c js jspk pkrk rklj ljri rigs gs.. Jh cofu cofuhk hkss tc tcxk xkhj hjss ok okss fr frch chks ks lj pkoj pkojh h prjs prjsjh jhtc tch h jh su gh ghtj tjrg rgkr kr uhc uhc mç mçou ouoc oc vjfjtctgvc y uhc mçouoc fjhjrctgvc, jo muco sj ljhkighch @ghumojclks, jh ktrks frupks vjfjtcojs, \rghumojclk, pkrquj ljslj chtjs lj kmurrgr oc pkoghgzcmgýh, sj lgvglj oc mçouoc fjhjrctgvc y pkr mkhsgfugjhtj, jo frchk lj pkojh iclurk jh oc chtjrc, yc mkhtgjhj trjs mçouocs> uhc vjfjtctgvc y lks fjhjrctgvcs. Oks ývuoks skh ocs mçouocs sjxucojs k fcijtks ajijhghks. ]kh mçouocs bcpokgljs, js ljmgr quj mkhtgjhjh 0= mrkikskics. ]kh mçouocs lj akric  jsaçrgmc y frch tcicók (uh pkmk ijhks lj 3 ii lj lgãijtrk).  

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Hþmojk> Js lkhlj sj coicmjhc jo ictjrgco fjhçtgmk. Qgtjok> Js jo mgtkpocsic ljo ývuok y mkhtgjhj sustchmgcs quj pjrigtgrãh oc hutrgmgýh ljo ji`rgýh lurchtj sus prgijrks lécs. Oc iji`rchc pocsiãtgmc rkljc jo vgtjok. ^khc pjoþmglc> Mcpc fjoctghksc quj rkljc oc iji`rchc pocsiãtgmc. ]j jhlurjmj uhc vjz jo ývuok bc sglk ajmuhlclk. Mkrkhc rclgclc> Mcpc fjoctghksc akriclc pkr huijrkscs mçouocs akogmuocrjs quj tgjhj mkik auhmgýh prktjfjr co ývuok j ghtjrvjhgr jh oc akricmgýh lj oc pocmjhtc

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=.  »Suç js uhc pocmjhtcmgýh;  Uocmjhtcmgýh c oc lgspksgmgýh lj oks ývuoks ývuoks jh  jh oc mcvglcl ljo kvcrgk kvcrgk lj  lj ocs chfgkspjrics chfgkspjrics.. Jo hþijrk lj pocmjhtcs js, jh fjhjrco, gfuco co hþijrk lj mcrpjoks quj mcrpjoks quj akrich jo kvcrgk. Jh mgjrtks mcsks, sgh ji`crfk, pujlj ctrkagcrsj pocmjhtcs y uh kvcrgk pourgmcrpjocr oojfc c ( Cstjrcmjcj). uh). skok ývuok,cofuhc mkik lj pkrocs jnjipok jh ocs frciéhjcs y ocs mkipujstcs  mkhtjhjr Cstjrcmjcj Uocmjhtcmgýh icrfghco> js prkpgc ljo fghjmjk uhgmcrpjocr (Ojfuighkscs ( Ojfuighkscs)) k lgcogmcrpjocr (Icfhkogãmjcs (Icfhkogãmjcs,, Pchuhmuoãmjcs Pchuhmuoãmjcs). ). Mclc mcrpjok tgjhj uhc skoc pocmjhtc quj mkrrjspkhlj c oc zkhc lj skolclurc lj oc bknc mcrpjocr. Uocmjhtcmgýh pcrgjtco> kmurrj jh jo fghjmjk akriclk pkr lks k iãs mcrpjoks skolclks pkr sus `krljs akrichlk uhc skoc mcvglcl jh jo kvcrgk, lj ichjrc quj mclc pocmjhtc mkrrjspkhlj c oks `krljs lj lks bkncs mcrpjocrjs mkhtgfucs.  Cofuhcs lj ocs acigogcs quj quj prjsjhtch jstj tgpk l lj j pocmjhtcmgýh skh> Krquéljcs, Krquéljcs, Qgkoãmjcs Qgkoãmjcs,, Ucsgaokrãmjcs Ucsgaokrãmjcs y  y Mumur`gtãmjcs Mumur`gtãmjcs.. Uocmjhtcmgýh cxgocr . Kmurrj jh jo fghjmjk akriclk pkr lks k iãs mcrpjoks skolclks jh quj mclc uhk oojvc oc pocmjhtc jh jo ãhfuok mjhtrco, lj ichjrc quj ocs suturcs pocmjhtcrgcs akrich uhc mkouihc cljhtrk ljo kvcrgk. Oks ývuoks lj mclc oýmuok qujlch csé cgsoclks lj oks vjmghks pkr ijlgk lj oks tc`gqujs mcrpjocrjs. Uocmjhtcmgýh mjhtrco. Jo fghjmjk uhgokmuocr jstã akriclk pkr lks k iãs mcrpjoks uhglks y oks ývuoks jstãh agnks sk`rj uhc mkouihc mjhtrco y sgh tc`gqujs mkh oc pcrjl ljo kvcrgk. Jstc mkouihc pujlj sjr uhc prkokhfcmgýh `csco lj oc pocmjhtc, mkik jh ocs Urgiuoãmjcs, Urgiuoãmjcs, k js jo mkhnuhtk lj pocmjhtcs uhglcs quj pjrsgstjh oujfk lj oc lgskoumgýh lj oks tc`gqujs, mkik jh ocs o cs Mcrgkagoãmjcs Mcrgkagoãmjcs.. Uocmjhtcmgýh `csco. Jstj tgpk lj pocmjhtcmgýh kmurrj jh jspjmgjs mkh fghjmjk pourgmcrpjocr y uhgokmuocr. Jo ývuok sj lgspkhj jh jo mjhtrk `csco lj oc mcvglcl ljo kvcrgk js jo jnj prghmgpco k pcrtj ljo tcook quj skpkrtc jo rjmjptãmuok mkiþh k jo rcqugs . Pcqugs> js oc pcrtj ljo tcook quj oojvc ocs rcics aokréajrcs. Ujlgmjok> js oc pcrtj ljo tcook quj skstgjhj mclc aokr. Bgpskagoks k `rãmtjcs> skh lj krgfjh akogcr, pjrk lgajrjhmgclcs lj oks hkikagoks, pujljh sjr vjrljs k lj mkokrjs vgstksks. Jh oc cxgoc lj ocs `rãmtjcs hcmjh ocs rcigagmcmgkhjs lj oc ghaokrjsmjhmgc k ocs aokrjs. Jh jo mcpétuok ocs `rãmtjcs k agocrgcs akrich jo ghvkoumrk y mclc aokr pujlj jstcr cmkipcóclc c su vjz lj oc `rãmtjc iclrj lj oc aokr. Jh jo jspãlgmj oc `rãmtjc rjmg`j jo hki`rj lj jspctc, y jh oc -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------@kãhgmc Cfrémkoc. I. Ms. Qémkr Pcþo Crçvcok ]cumjlk

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acigogc Ukcmjcj (9Frcighjcs) rjmg`jh oks hki`rjs lj fouics y fouijocs. ]gh ji`crfk, c vjmjs acotch mkik jh ocs @rcssgmcmjcj (9Mrumgajrcs).  Jsmcpk aokrco> js uh pjlþhmuok quj hcmj jhtrj oc rksjtc lj bkncs (pochtcs crrksjtclcs), k lj uh tcook su`tjrrãhjk mkik oc mj`kooc (Coogui mjpc).

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»Mýik »Mýik ssjj mo mocsg csgagm agmch ch ocs ocs ghao ghaokrj krjsmj smjhmg hmgcs; cs;  C. Pcmgikscs, ghljaghglcs k ghljtjrighclcs k mjhtrépjtcs> mjhtrépjtcs> mcrcmtjrgzclcs pkr pkr jo mrjmgigjhtk ghljaghglk k ghljtjrighclk, mkrrjspkhlgjhlk co tgpk lj rcigagmcmgýh ikhkpklgco4 pkr jo sjhtglk lj oc aokrcmgýh cmrýpjtk lj c`cnk bcmgc crrg`c (rcmgik) k mjhtrépjtk, lj oc pjrgajrgc bcmgc jo mjhtrk (ui`joc). @. Mgikscs, ljaghglcs k ljtjrighclcs k mjhtréaufcs> mcrcmtjrgzclcs pkr jo mrjmgigjhtk ljaghglk k ljtjrighclk pkr jo ljscrrkook lj oc prgijrc aokr, mkrrjspkhlgjhlk co tgpk lj rcigagmcmgýh sgipklgco4 pkr jo sjhtglk lj oc aokrcmgýh `csépjtk (mgic ikhkpklgco), lj crrg`c bcmgc c`cnk k mjhtréaufk, ljo mjhtrk bcmgc oc pjrgajrgc (mgic ui`jogakrij).  Ocs ghaokrjsmjhmgcs rcmgikscs y mgikscs pujljh sjr  > 3.3. ]gipojs> sýok uh rcqugs k rjmjptãmuok mkh aokrjs.  3.0. Mkipujstcs> skh ghaokrjsmjhmgcs lj ghaokrjsmjhmgcs 0.c. Bkikfçhjcs muchlk ocs ghaokrjsmjhmgcs jojijhtcojs skh ljo igsik ig sik tgpk quj oc ghaokrjsmjhmgc tktco. Jnjipok> ui`joc lj ui`jocs  0.`. Bjtjrkfçhjcs muchlk ocs ghaokrjsmjhmgcs jojijhtcojs skh lj lgstghtk tgpk quj ocs ghaokrjsmjhmgc tktco. Jnjipok> jspgfc lj jspgfugoocs 3.=. Igxtcs> muchlk sj jhmujhtrch mki`ghclcs ghaokrjsmjhmgcs ghaokrjsmjhmgcs rcmgikscs y mgikscs. »Suç tgpk l ljj pk pkoghgz oghgzcmgýh cmgýh prjsjhtch prjsjhtch ocs jjspjmg spjmgjs js js jstulgc tulgclcs; lcs;

Ukoghgzcmgýh chjiýagoc> muchlk j joo pkojh oojfc c ocs aokrjs trchspk trchspkrtclk rtclk pkr jo vgjhtk4 fjrchgk, rc`chgtk sgovjstrj, aokrgpkhlgk. W pkoghgzcmgýh zkýagoc muchlk mkrrj c mcrfk lj uh chgico. C`jncs pkrk pkrk, mcoc`czc.

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@G@OGKFPCAÉC

Lgigtrg, I. 3726. Jhmgmokpjlgc Crfjhtghc lj Cfrgmuoturc y Ncrlghjréc. Jlgtkrgco  CMIJ, @sCs. Akht Sujr, U. 37:=. Lgmmgkhcrgk lj `ktãhgmc. @crmjokhc, Jlgtkrgco Oc`kr.

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