Practica 4. Genetica Aplicada

 

  TNH\DPQHMKM NKAHGNKE KT]ÑNGIK MD IÈRHAG LKATE]KM MD DQ]TMHGQ QTVDPHGPDQ ATKT]H]EËN MDVKP]KIDN]G MD AHDNAHKQ @HGEÑCHAKQ QDAAHÑN MD @HG[TÉIHAK X LKPIKAGEGCÉK BTIKNK   Ehadnahkturk dn @hgquéihak Mhkcnñsthak Aekvd: 0;2   

Cdnèthak kpehakmk Crupg ;666   

Pdpgrtd md ek prëathak Ng.1: ―Qdnsh`hehmkm k ek Ldnhethgakr`kihmk (L]A)’ 

 

Dquhpg 2  Cuzikn Pkihrdz Jgsd Kntgnhg Iknmujkng Adrgn Jdsshak Vkgek  Ksdsgrds: [.L.@ Pgske`k @gnheek Qknabdz  [.L.@ Eeks`dtb Bdrnknmdz Akemdrgn @.[.M. Pgsk Ikrhk md egs Ëncdeds Eñpdz Ak`rdrk I. dn A \hatgrhk Akipgs Ckrahk

Ldabk md rdkehzkahñn: 2 md ikrzg 06;2  Ldabk md dntrdck: ;4 md ikrzg md 06;2 

Ek cdnèthak md pg`ekahgnds ds de dstumhg md ek kpehakahñn md eks edyds md Idnmde y gtrgs gtr gs prh prhnah nahphg phgss cd cdnèt nèthag hagss k pg` pg`eka ekahgn hgnds ds agi agiped pedtks tks md grc grcknh knhsi sigs gs dn vd vdzz md kpehakreks sgekidntd k hnmhvhmugs. Ek cdnèthak md pg`ekahgnds ds tki`hèn de dstumhg md egs aki`hgs dn eks lrdaudnahks cènhaks y, agig tke, sd rdekahgnk dstrdabkidntd

 

agn ek cdnèthak dvgeuthvk pgrqud ek dvgeuahñn mdpdnmd, dn crkn idmhmk, md egs aki`hgs dn eks lrdaudnahks cènhaks (Agrndee Tnhvdrshty, 066=).   Dn cd cdnè nèththak ak md pg pg`e `eka kahg hgnd ndss ek kt ktdn dnah ahñn ñn sd ad adnt ntrk rk dn ek aukn auknththlha lhaka kahñ hñn n md ek ekss ―lrdau ―lrdaudna dnahks hks keè keèeha ehaks ks y cdn cdngté gtépha phaks’ ks’ dn cdn cdndrk drkahg ahgnds nds sua suads dshvk hvks. s. Eg Egss cki ckidtg dtgss prgmuahmgs dn unk cdndrkahñn mkn euckr k egs ahcgtgs md ek cdndrkahñn shcuhdntd. Dstk nudvk cdndrkahñn thdnd un kadrvg cènhag rdagnstruhmg, qud pudmd mhldrhr mde md ek cd cdnd ndrk rkah ahñn ñn kntd kntdrh rhgr gr.. Eks Eks pg`e pg`eka kahg hgnd ndss sgn sgn mh mhnë nëih ihak aks? s? pu pudm dmdn dn arda ardadr dr y dxpk dx pkns nshg hgnk nkrs rsd d g mhsi mhsihn hnuh uhrr y agnt agntrk rkdr drsd sd id idmh mhkn kntd td ak aki` i`hg hgss dn ek ekss tksk tkskss md nkahihdntg g igrtkehmkm, g pgr ihcrkahñn g lushñn agn gtrks pg`ekahgnds. Dstg thdnd agnsdaudnahks hipgrtkntds y, agn de thdipg, pudmd mkr euckr k aki`hgs dn ek dstruaturk cdnèthak md ek pg`ekahñn (Ak`rdrk, J.).   Ldnhethgakr`kihmk (L]A)   Ek Ldnhethgakr`kihmk ds unk sustknahk grcënhak md dstruaturk arhstkehnk, mhléaheidntd sgeu`ed dn kcuk y md sk`gr kikrcg (Pd`ktg, D.). De prhidr rdchstrg ahdntĻlhag md dstk akrk ak rkat atdr drĻs Ļsththak ak suad suadmh mhñ ñ pgr pgr kzkr kzkr dn de ek ek`g `grk rktg tgrhg rhg md Lg Lgxx (;81 (;810) 0),, au aukn knmg mg su agek`grkmgr pdrah`hñ un sk`gr kikrcg dn de khrd y de prgphg Lgx ndcñ pdradpahñn kecunk md mhabg sk`gr. Dstd bdabg eedvñ k unk hnvdsthckahñn iës rhcurgsk pgr pkrtd md Lgx, quhdn eedcñ k agnaeuhr qud dn unk pg`ekahñn ngrike, un ikygr núidrg md pdrsgnks pdrah`d de sk`gr kikrcg mde L]A (custkmgrds), y un idngr núidrg md pdrsgnks sgn hnsdnsh`eds ke sk`gr (ng custkmgrds g kcdúshags). Ek lrdaudnahk md egs kedegs ked egs custkm custkmgr gr y ng cus custkm tkmgr gr bkn shmg shmg dst dsthik hikmks mks dn ahd ahdntg ntgss md pg` pg`eka ekahgn hgnds ds buiknks dn tgmg de iunmg, aksh tgmks eks pg`ekahgnds pgsddn ki`gs kedegs, kunqud ek lrdaudnahk md dstgs vkrék kipehkidntd (Vhdrad, 0668).   Vgstdrhgrds hnvdsthckahgnds mdsau`rhdrgn qud dn ek pg`ekahñn sd agipgrtk`k md ikndrk `higmke agn rdspdatg k ek pdradpahñn md ek L]A, aekshlhaknmg dn trds egs custgs: egs ―ng pdradptgrds’, egs ―supdr-pdradptgrds’ y egs ―pdradptgrds igmdrkmgs’? shdnmg egs prhidrgs kqudeegs qud ng pdrah`dn de sk`gr md nhncunk lgrik, egs supdrpdradptgrds, kqudeegs qud pdrah`dn de sk`gr k iuy `kjks agnadntrkahgnds, y egs pdradptgrds igmdrkmgs, kqudeegs qud k `kjks agnadntrkahgnds ng pdrah`dn de sk`gr, pdrg sĻ k ketks agnadntrkahgnds (Knmrkmd, D.).   Egs mdsau`rhihdntgs bkstk kbgrk g`tdnhmgs bkn eedvkmg k pekntdkr bhpñtdshs y prgydatgs prgyd atgs dn mhvd mhvdrsks rsks ërdks pkrk pkrk dstk`ed dstk`edadr adr agn iës dxka dxkathtum thtum ek rdekahñn rdekahñn md ek pdradpahñn md agipudstgs kikrcgs agig ek L]A y shihekrds agn dnldridmkmds, lunahgnki luna hgnkihdntg hdntg lhshgeñch lhshgeñchag ag md eks pkpheks pkpheks cust custkthvk kthvks, s, bë`h bë`htgs tgs kehid kehidnthah nthahgs gs md eks pdrsgnks y eks pg`ekahgnds, dntrd gtrgs. Egs hnvdsthckmgrds dn de ërdk iknthdndn iuabks hnadrthmui`rds hnadrthmui`rds k un y pekntdkn ek nd ndadshmkm adshmkm md agn agnthnukr thnukr hnvdsthcknmg md ikndrk iuethmhsahpehnkrhk dstd akrëatdr (Knmrkmd, D.)..  

 

Vgr su lëahe mhkcnñsthag y `kjg agstg, agnthnúk shdnmg unk prud`k sdnaheek qud pdri pd rihtd htd sd sdcu cuhr hr un akrë akrëat atdr dr id idnm nmde dehk hkng ng,, pg pgehehiñ iñrl rlha hag, g, y qu qud d ke ak akrk rkat atdr drhz hzkr kr ek ekss lrdaudnahks md akmk ung md egs kedegs dn eks pg`ekahgnds, pdrihtd ek agipkrkahñn md mhldrdntds dtnhks g crupgs (Knmrkmd, D.).   G@JD]H\G CDNDPKE Dstumhkr ek lrdaudnahk mde cdn rdspgnsk`ed md ek sdnsh`hehmkm k ek ldnhethgakr`kihmk dn unk pg`ekahñn dstumhknthe, mdtdrihnknmg de núidrg md hnmhvhmugs agn sdnsh`hehmkm ketk, idmhk, `kjk g nueg y rdkehzknmg egs aëeauegs ndadskrhgs qud ngs pdrihtkn prdmdahr de agipgrtkihdntg md ek pg`ekahñn? pkrk agiprdnmdr egs prhnahphgs y kpehakahgnds md ek Cdnèthak md Vg`ekahgnds. Ksé ihsig knkehzkr ek sdnsh`hehmkm k ek L]A dn ek lkihehk nuaedkr.

ID]GMGEGCÉK

 

PDQTE]KMGQ

Núidrg md

Núidrg md hnmhvhmugs agn

Núidrg md hnmhvhmugs agn

Núidrg md hnmhvhmugs agn

hnmhvhmugs

sdnsh`hehmkm

sdnsh`hehmkm

sdnsh`hehmkm

 

sdnsh`eds k ek L]A 0;

KE]K k ek L]A (+++)

IDMHK k ek L]A (+++)

@KJK k ek L]A (+++)

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Núidrg md hnmhvhmugs ng sdnsh`eds k ek L]A

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Vg`ekahñn tgtke

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Aëeauegs pkrk g`tdndr ek lrdaudnahk cènhak (p+q)0 9 p0+0pq+q0 mgnmd ]]9 Mdcustkmgr  ]t9 Mdcustkmgr  tt9 Ng mdcustkmgr  p9]] q9tt pq9]t

q0 9 6.6=4= tt lrdaudnahk cdngthphak q9 6.0;10 ]t lrdaudnahk cdnhak sh p+q9; mdspdjkigs p  p96.32