Práctica 3 Potenciómetro y Puente de Wheatstone
September 7, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Ikhon lk kikhtavalnl4
[@AYKVXALNL N[\Ø@BEN LK FNDN HNCAIBV@AN INH[C\NL LK A@MK@AKVÅN EK_AHNCA
Ibrentb pnrn Zrîhtahns lk Cnfbrntbrab ZVBMVNEN
ZCN@ LK
KL[HN\AYB A`mk`akrb k` Ekhntrø`ahn
KX\[LAB 6:>1->
HCNYK LK [@ALNL LK NZVK@LATNDK >>1>?
@BEFVK LK CN [@ALNL LK NZVK@LATNDK Entkran4 A`struek`tnhaø` kckhtrø`ahn
ZVÎH\AHN `befrk @BEFVK LK CN ZVÎH\AHN `befrk @BEFVK ZVÎH\AHN @b. 8
L[VNHAØ@ (OBVNX)
Xk`sbr rksastavb A.- Zbtk`haøektrb y puk`tk lk ]okntstb`k hbeb kckek`tb 6 nhb`lahab`nlbr lk skþnc.
>. A@\ A@\VB VBL L[H [HHA HA @ Cbs sk`sbrks rksastavbs sb` nqukccbs quk vnrån` su rksastk`han k` iu`haø` lk cn vnranfck n eklar. Kxastk` lavkrsbs tapbs y `bs pkreatk` eklar vnranfcks iåsahns, lk lasta`tn `nturnckzn (ekhî`ahns, táreahns, enm`átahns, øptahns, quåeahns, kth.). K` kc hnsb lkc pbtk`haøektrb, kstk ks ôtac pnrn eklar lasta`tbs tapbs lk lkspcnzneak`tb. K` ncmu`ns bhnsab`ks, skrî `khksnrab hb`vkrtar kc vncbr lk rksastk`han prbpbrhab`nlb pbr kc sk`sbr k` u` vbctndk, pbr kdkepcb, pnrn a`trbluharcb n u`n tnrdktn lk nlquasahaø` lk lntbs, k` hnsbs hbeb kstk pblkebs utacaznr u` puk`tk lk ]okntstb`k pnrn hb`vkrtar cn vnranhaø` lk cn rksastk`han k` u`n vnranhaø` lk vbctndk lk`trb lk u` rn`mb lksknlb. 6. BFDK\AYB (HBEZK\K@HAN) Hnchucnr cbs vncbrks lk rksastk`hans y iuk`tk lk vbctndk `khksnrabs pnrn hb`struar u` puk`tk lk ]okntstb`k quk a`hbrpbrk u` sk`sbr rksastavb (k` kstk hnsb u` pbtk`haøektrb) y nså hb`vkrtar cbs vncbrks lk rksastk`han prbpbrhab`nlbs pbr kc sk`sbr k` u` rn`mb lk vbctndk lksknlb. Hb` u`n nhtatul laspukstn n nprk`lkr y lksnrrbccn`lb cn prîhtahn lk en`krn brlk`nln. 8. I[@LNEK@\B Xk`sbrks praenrabs4 Cns enm`atulks iåsahns trntnlns hb` sastkens kckhtrø`ahbs sk lkfk` hb`vkrtar k` skþncks kcáhtrahns, hbeb praekr pnsb k` kc prbhksb lk hnptnhaø`. Cbs trn`sluhtbrks sb` cbs laspbsatavbs k`hnrmnlbs lk cckvnr n hnfb kstn trn`sibrenhaø`. Cbs trn`sluhtbrks a`hcuyk` sakeprk u` hbepb`k`tk sk`safck quk rknhhab`n irk`tk n cn enm`atul n eklar b lktkhtnr, prbpbrhab`n`lb u`n praekrn skþnc kcáhtrahn, quk usuncek`tk prkhasn lk ncmô` tapb lk trntneak`tb n`ncømahb (nepcaiahnhaø`, nlnptnhaø` lk aepkln`hans, kth.). Kstbs hbepb`k`tks sk`safcks sb` cbs lk`bea`nlbs sk`sbrks b hnptnlbrks. Cbs sk`sbrks nprbvkhon` irkhuk`tkek`tk cns prbpaklnlks lk hakrtbs entkrancks quk sk hb`vakrtk` k` mk`krnlbrks lk skþnc k` prksk`han lk lktkrea`nlns kxhatnhab`ks (tkrebpnrks, hrastncks pakzbkcáhtrahbs, kth.). K` btrbs hnsbs, sk rkhurrk n utacaznr kckek`tbs lk harhuatb pnsavbs ( rksastk`hans, hb`lk`snlbrks, kth.) huybs vncbrks vnrån` k` iu`haø` lk cn enm`atul n hb`vkrtar y, k` lkia`atavn, cbs harhuatbs quk ibren` pnrtk mk`krn` skþncks kcáhtrahns kquavnck`tks n lahon enm`atul.
@befrk y Iaren lkc Zrbiksbr
@befrk y Iaren lkc Vkspb`snfck lk Zrbmrnen Kluhntavb
Zîma`n > lk 1
@befrk y Iaren lkc Larkhtbr / Vkprksk`tn`tk lk cn Larkhhaø`
[@AYKVXALNL N[\Ø@BEN LK FNDN HNCAIBV@AN INH[C\NL LK A@MK@AKVÅN EK_AHNCA
Ibrentb pnrn Zrîhtahns lk Cnfbrntbrab \rn`sluhtbrks pbtk`habeátrahbs4 [` pbtk`haøektrb hb`sastk k` u`n rksastk`han iadn sbfrk cn hunc sk Xk lkscazn hursbr nhhab`nlb pbr rbtnhaø`, pbrksk`hancek`tk lkscazneak`tb ca`knc, b pbr nefbs kikhtbs hbefa`nlbs. trntn u` puks, lk kckek`tbs lk trks tkrea`ncks (vkr Iam.>) lk cbs huncks lbs hbrrkspb`lk` n cbs kxtrkebs lk cn rksastk`han y kc tkrhkrb kstî hb`khtnlb nc hursbr.
Iamurn >4 \rn`sluhtbr pbtk`habeátrahb. K` cn Iam. > kstî` a`lahnlbs cbs samuak`tks pnrîektrbs4 4 Vksastk`han tbtnc. 4 Lkspcnzneak`tb lkc hursbr n pnrtar lk u` kxtrkeb lk rkikrk`han. 4 Vksastk`han hbeprk`laln k`trk kc kxtrkeb lk rkikrk`han y kc hursbr, sak`lb hbeprk`lalb k`trk : y >.
u`
vncbr
Xupø`mnsk quk sk npcahn u`n tk`saø` k`trk cbs tkrea`ncks N y F hb` cn pbcnralnl a`lahnln. K` kstk hnsb, cn tk`saø` lk sncaln k`trk kc hursbr y kc kxtrkeb lk rkikrk`han F skrî4
5 5 Cn kxprksaø` n`tkrabr a`lahn quk cn tk`saø` lk sncaln kstî rkcnhab`nln hb` cn tk`saø` lk k`trnln eklan`tk u`n iu`haø` quk lkpk`lk ô`ahnek`tk lk cns hnrnhtkråstahns hb`struhtavns lkc pbtk`haøektrb y lkc lkspcnzneak`tb lkc hursbr. Ntk`lak`lb n cn `nturnckzn lkc lkspcnzneak`tb pbtk`habeátrahbs4
sk
tak`k` cbs samuak`tks tapbs lk trn`sluhtbrks
Zbtk`haøektrbs lk lkspcnzneak`tb ca`knc4 Kc hursbr lkscazn cb`matula`ncek`tk sbfrk u` kckek`tb rksastavb rkhtacå`kb (vkr Iam. >).
Zbtk`haøektrbs n`mucnrks4 Kc hursbr lkscazn sbfrk u` kckek`tb rksastavb k` ibren lk skhtbr harhucnr, marn`lb ncrklklbr lk u` pu`tb hk`trnc (cn vnranfck hbrrkspb`lk nc î`mucb marnlb) (vkr Iam. 6).
•
•
Zîma`n 6 lk 1
[@AYKVXALNL N[\Ø@BEN LK FNDN HNCAIBV@AN INH[C\NL LK A@MK@AKVÅN EK_AHNCA
Ibrentb pnrn Zrîhtahns lk Cnfbrntbrab
Iamurn 6. Zbtk`haøektrb n`mucnr. •
Zbtk`haøektrbs euctavukctn b okcahbalncks4 K` kstk hnsb, kc kckek`tb lk rksastk`han tak`k ibren lk oácahk lk vnrabs pnsbs (`brencek`tk >: b 6:) y kc hursbr lkscazn sbfrk kc easeb, marn`lb ncrklklbr lk u` kdk hk`trnc y lkscazî`lbsk saeuctî`knek`tk pnrnckcb nc easeb (cn vnranfck hbrrkspb`lk nc î`mucb lk marb quk puklk skr, pbr supukstb, supkrabr n 89:º).
•
K` btrb tapb lk laspbsahaø` hb`struhtavn, kc kckek`tb rksastavb ks rkhtacå`kb y kc hursbr kstî nhhab`nlb pbr u` tbr`accb sa` ia` huyb kdk ks pnrnckcb n lahob kckek`tb.
Ntk`lak`lb, pbr btrn pnrtk, n cn `nturnckzn lk cn iu`haø` pbtk`haøektrbs. Zbr kdkepcb4 Zbtk`haøektrb lk iu`haø` ca`knc Zbtk`haøektrbs cbmnråteahbs y n`tacbmnråteahbs Zbtk`haøektrbs tramb`beátrahbs Zbtk`haøektrbs Iu`hab`ncks
, sk puklk` bftk`kr laikrk`tks tapbs lk
• • • • •
Zbtk`haøektrbs Lamatncks Kckek`tbs nhb`lahab`nlbrks lk skþncks4 Cbs kckek`tbs nhb`lahab`nlbrk nhb`lahab`nlbrks s lk skþncks hb`vakrtk` cn sncaln lk cbs kckek`tbs sk`sbrks k` u`n ibren nlkhunln pnrn prbhksneak`tb pbstkrabr. Kstn ibren ks pbr cb mk`krnc u` vbctndk lk h.l., u`n hbrrak`tk larkhtn, b u` vbctndk lk h.n lk irkhuk`han vnranfck. Ncmu`bs kdkepcbs lk kckek`tbs nhb`lahab`nlbrks lk skþncks sb`4 puk`tks p uk`tks lk lkickxaø`, nepcaiahnlbrks, sastkens hb`luhtbrks lk hbrrak`tk nctkr`n, trn`seasbrks lk hbrrak`tk, bshacnlbrks y rksb`nlbrks. K` kstn prîhtahn sbcb trnfndnrkebs hb` cbs puk`tks lk lkickxaø`.
Zîma`n 8 lk 1
[@AYKVXALNL N[\Ø@BEN LK FNDN HNCAIBV@AN INH[C\NL LK A@MK@AKVÅN EK_AHNCA
Ibrentb pnrn Zrîhtahns lk Cnfbrntbrab Zuk`tks lk lkickxaø` Cbs puk`tks lk lkickxaø` sk utacazn` pnrn hb`vkrtar cn sncaln lk sk`sbrks rksastavbs, hnpnhatavbs k a`luhtavbs k` u`n skþnc lk vbctndk. Cn iamurn 8 eukstrn u`n rkl puk`tk lk lkickxaø` mk`krnc.
Iamurn 8. Zuk`tk lk lkickxaø` mk`krnc. \nc hbeb sk prksk`tn k` W6U, hb` u` sk`haccb n`îcasas lk cns tkrea`ncks F y L utacazn`lb kc tkbrken lk \oávk`a`, sk bftak`k quk4
5 { { + ∖ + } . ℀á ø Nså hbeb
5 + + + . ℀á ø
Ks lk `ukstrb a`tkrás hb`bhkr kc vncbr lk cns tkrea`ncks FL.
yn quk skrî kc vbctndk eklalb nc hb`khtnr u` euctåektrb k`
Laskþb lk puk`tks rksastavbskslku`lkickxaø` [` puk`tk lk ]okntstb`k puk`tk lk lkickxaø` k` kc hunc cns huntrb aepkln`hans sb` rksastk`hans purns, cns huncks vn` lkslk onstn .
Zbr tn`tb, n pnrtar lk cn
snfkebs quk4
5( + ∖ + ) . ℀ Hb`salkrnrkebs kc hnsb hun`lb sbcb u`n lk cns rksastk`hans ks u` sk`sbr rksastavb (pbr kdkepcb, u` pbtk`haøektrb). Kc sk`sbr skrî cn c n rksastk`han eak`trns quk skrî` rksastk`hans iadns. Lavalak`lb kc praekr tárea`b k`trk pnrá`tksas lk k`trk y kc skmu`lb k`trk tk`kebs quk4
,
> 5(> + / ∖ > + >/ ) .
K` lb`lk sk bfskrvn hcnrnek`tk quk, pnrn laskþnr u` puk`tk lk u` sbcb kckek`tb sk`sbr, ks `khksnrab kspkhaiahnr cbs pnrîektrbs . Cbs vncbrks a`lavaluncks lk `b sb` hråtahbs.
, /
Zîma`n < lk 1
[@AYKVXALNL N[\Ø@BEN LK FNDN HNCAIBV@AN INH[C\NL LK A@MK@AKVÅN EK_AHNCA
Ibrentb pnrn Zrîhtahns lk Cnfbrntbrab Cbs trks pnrîektrbs puklk` kspkhaiahnrsk nc hb`salkrnr kc nchn`hk y cn ca`kncalnl lkc vbctndk lk sncaln7 @bsbtrbs `bs k`ibhnrkebs nchn`hk nså vbctndk hbeb cns kcáhtrahn pnrn sk`sbr. quk lk lkcaeatnhab`ks sncaln. Znrnlk u` pbtk`han laskþb eîs hbepktb lkckcpuk`tk, hb`salkrk cn lasapnhaø`k` lkkcpbtk`han lkc sk`sbr, k`trk btrns hbsns, sk rkhbeak`ln hb`suctnr W6U.
,
,
Lkia`ak`lb quk sb` cbs vncbrks eå`aeb y eîxaeb lk cn vnranfck eklaln, y sb` cns rksastk`hans hbrrkspb`lak`tks lkc sk`sbr, k`tb`hks pnrn quk kc vbctndk lk sncaln lkc puk`tk tk`mn u` nchn`hk lk n Î , lkfk` huepcarsk cns samuak`tks hb`lahab`ks4
5 (> + / ∖ > + >8/6 ) .
y
5 (> + / ∖ > + >8/6 ) .
Ks hbeô` rkqukrar quk
sk rkluhk n4 5 :, k`tb`hks
5 .
Lk eblb quk, nc hb`tnr hb` u` sk`sbr rksastavb, pblkebs eklar hb` u` euctåektrb sus vncbrks lk rksastk`han eå`aen y eîxaen ( , ), pbstkrabrek`tk prbpb`kr u` vncbr lk y hnchucnr cn rkcnhaø` k`trk kccns, cn hunc, skmô` cn KH=, lkfk skr amunc n . [`n vkz lkia`alns cns rksastk`hans y quk huepcn` hb` cn hb`lahaø` n`tkrabr, sk lkfk lk lkspkdnr lk cn KH9 pnrn hb`bhkr cn iuk`tk lk vbctndk `khksnran quk `bs pkreatn bftk`kr kc vncbr lk lksknlb. @btn4 Lurn`tk kc lksnrrbccb lk cn prîhtahn sk utacaznrî kstk eátblb lkebstrn`lb su saepcahalnl.
/
LYE @KHKXNVAB4 * > Iuk`tk lk vbctndk LH * > Hbeputnlbrn hb` Eahrbsbit Kxhkc b saeacnr
LK NZBQB4lk u`n sbcn vukctn hb` lashb *EN\KVANC > Zbtk`haøektrb mrnlunlb lk . (Ykr `btn). * 8 Vksastk`hans hb` vncbrks lk nhukrlb n cbs hîchucbs. * Hnaen`ks * Zu`tns lk LYE @btn4 Xa `b sk huk`tn hb` pbtk`haøektrb hb` lashb, sk puklk aepraear u` lashb saeacnr nc n`kxb > k a`hbrpbrnrcb n u` pbtk`haøektrb trnlahab`nc.
>:Ρ
;. EKLALNX LK XKM[VALNL * En`tk`kr ncaek`tbs y fkfalns ckdbs lkc kquapb lk cnfbrntbrab. * Vkvasnr hb`kxab`ks n`tks lk k`hk`lkr cn iuk`tk lk vbctndk pnrn kvatnr hbrtbharhuatbs.
Zîma`n ; lk 1
[@AYKVXALNL N[\Ø@BEN LK FNDN HNCAIBV@AN INH[C\NL LK A@MK@AKVÅN EK_AHNCA
Ibrentb pnrn Zrîhtahns lk Cnfbrntbrab 9. LKXNVVBCCB LK CN ZVÎH\AHN Xkhhaø` >4 Zrkmu`tns lk rkpnsb >.- Lkia`n cb quk ks u` pbtk`haøektrb
6.- Lk nhukrlb hb` cn `nturnckzn lk su lkspcnzneak`tb, ²quá tapbs lk pbtk`haøektrbs kxastk`2
8.- Hb`salkrn`lb nc pbtk`haøektrb hbeb u` sk`sbr, kshrafn kdkepcbs lk quá vnranfcks puklk eklar hb` hnln tapb lk pbtk`haøektrb ek`hab`nlb k` cn prkmu`tn 6.
.- Alk`taiahnr hun`tbs mrnlbs puklk eklar kc pbtk`haøektrb utacazn`lb kc lashb mrnlunlb a`hbrpbrnlb k` ác (lk skr `khksnrab, aepraen u` lashb saeacnr nc N`kxb >) y rkmastrnr kc vncbr k` cn samuak`tk tnfcn. @btn4 Zbr cb rkmucnr, kc î`mucb eîxaeb ks lk 8::º. Î`mucb ek`br :º
Î`mucb enybr
6.- Eklar kc vncbr lk rksastk`han eå`aen y eîxaen prbpbrhab`nlbs pbr kc pbtk`haøektrb y rkmastrnrcb k` cn samuak`tk tnfcn Vksastk`han eå`aen ( Vksastk`han eîxaen (
Eklaln n cbs :º
Eklaln n cbs RRRRRº
Zîma`n 9 lk 1
[@AYKVXALNL N[\Ø@BEN LK FNDN HNCAIBV@AN INH[C\NL LK A@MK@AKVÅN EK_AHNCA
Ibrentb pnrn Zrîhtahns lk Cnfbrntbrab 8.- Xk lkskn quk kc puk`tk lk ]okntstb`k tk`mn u` vbctndk lk sncaln lk : n 9 Y. K`tb`hks4
5 : 5 9
y
lk >::Ρ utacahk cn khunhaø` pnrn hnchucnr cn rkcnhaø` `khksnran lk / 5 . Zrbpb`mn u` vncbr pnrn y u`b pnrn quk huepcn` lahon rkcnhaø`. @btn4 5 y 5 sb` vncbrks quk huepck` sa` prbfckens cn rkcnhaø`, pkrb huncquakr btrb vncbr Zrbpb`ak`lb u`n
pbsafck iu`hab`n.
. Kstk skrî kc vbctndk quk ncaek`tnrî kc puk`tk lk ]okntstb`k, k` rkpatnpbr kc prbhklaeak`tb hnsb lk u` rksuctnr u` vncbr mrn`lk prbpb`mn u` `ukvb lk lk pukln bftk`kr iîhacek`tk lk u`nvncbr iuk`tk kdkepcb >: b >6onstn Y. bftk`kr vncbr lk qukeuy yvbctndk, 5 (> + / ∖ > + >8/6 ) . ²Iuk `khksnrab prbpb`kr u`n `ukvn 2 RRRR ²Xa lksknebs quk tk`mn u` vncbr ek`br, quk lkfkebs onhkr2
:.- [tacazn`lb Kxhkc k`huk`trk u`n khunhaø` pnrn bftk`kr n pnrtar lkc vbctndk lk sncaln
Khunhaø` bftk`aln4 RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
n pnrtar lk cn khunhaø` bftk`aln k` kc pu`tb >: pnrn lk : n 9Y.
>>.- Mrniahnr vs
>6.- Hb`hcuar nhkrhn lk cn prîhtahn4
Zîma`n ? lk 1
[@AYKVXALNL N[\Ø@BEN LK FNDN HNCAIBV@AN INH[C\NL LK A@MK@AKVÅN EK_AHNCA
Ibrentb pnrn Zrîhtahns lk Cnfbrntbrab =. VK^[KVAEAK@\BX ZNVN K@\VKMN LK VKZBV\K Hb`tkstnr cns prkmu`tns, tnfcns rkncaznlns k` Kxhkc.cck`nr tnfcns, y n`kxnr mrîiahns sbcahatnlns. Nlkeîs, sustatuar cbs kdkepcbs hb` cns
?. N@K_BX
N`kxb >.- Lashb mrnlunlb pnrn eklar î`mucbs lk pbtk`haøektrb 1. VKIKVK@HANX W>U Iu`lnek`tbs lk a`struek`tnhaø`, Cuas K`raquk Nvk`lnþb E. Xh. [`avkrsalnl \kh`bcømahn lk Zkrkarn. W6U Fk`tcky, D. (>118). Xastkens lk eklahaø` pra`hapabs y npcahnhab`ks (>st kl.). Eáxahb4 HKHXN.
Zîma`n 1 lk 1
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