Practica 2 EyM

 

[babstrb> 8585-GG

OCHLXCTLXGL DB BOBKTXGKGDCD W AC@FBTG[AL

UXÃKTGKC Fl. 8 KCX@C BOÇKTXGKC, KCAUL W ULTBFKGCO BOÇKTXGKL KLFTBFGDL UXL@XCAÃTGKL XBOCKGLFCDL> TBAC G. KCAUL W ULTBFKGCO BOÇKTXGKL [RHTBAC[ G.3, G.8, G.;, G.4, G.2 y G.9

FÞABXL DB KRBFTC

FLAHXB

CORAFL[

@XRUL UXLIB[LX [BAB[TXB OBKTGYL

BOBABFTL[ DB BYCORCKGÛF BOBABFTL

%

Bxcabf Urbvgl (Gfvbstg`cr y Klaprbfdbr)

85

Cprbfdbr c uscr ols bqugpls

35

Trchcnl bf bqugpl

35

Klapcrckgûf y cfãogsgs db rbsuotcdls

;5

Xbdckkgûf y prbsbftckgûf dbo rbplrtb

;5

Kcogigkckgûf

Uã`gfc ;5 db 398 

 

[babstrb> 8585-GG

OCHLXCTLXGL DB BOBKTXGKGDCD W AC@FBTG[AL DBUCXTCABFTL DB IÁ[GKC UXÃKTGKC Fl. 8 KCX@C BOÇKTXGKC, KCAUL W ULTBFKGCO BOÇKTXGKL ACXKL TÇLXGKL KCX@C BOÇKTXGKC W OBW DB KLROLAH. Bf oc fcturcobzc bxgstbf dls tgpls db kcr`cs dbflagfcdls> Bobktrlfbs  kcr`c fb`ctgvc (-) Urltlfbs  kcr`c plsgtgvc (+) Oc ufgdcd db oc kcr`c bs bo Kluolah ]KQ Ulr fcturcobzc ols kubrpls bstãf bf uf bstcdl fbutrl, bstl gfdgkc qub tgbfbf bo agsal fþabrl db prltlfbs y bobktrlfbs. [g uf kubrpl klftgbfb uf bxkbsl db bobktrlfbs sb dgkb qub bo kubrpl sb bfkubftrc kcr`cdl fb`ctgvcabftb (ig`urc 3.3)= sg tgbfb uf bxkbsl db prltlfbs bo kubrpl sb bfkubftrc kcr`cdl plsgtgvcabftb (ig`urc 8.8).

Ig`urc 8.3 Kubrpl kcr`cdl fb`ctgvcabftb.

Ig`urc 8.8 Kubrpl kcr`cdl plsgtgvcabftb.

Oby db sg`fls db ocs kcr`cs> Kcr`cs dbo agsal sg`fl sb rbpbobf y kcr`cs db sg`fl klftrcrgl sb ctrcbf. Bf oc ig`urc 8.;, sb goustrc tco sgtuckgûf.

Uã`gfc ;3 db 398 

 

[babstrb> 8585-GG

Ig`urc 8.; Klaplrtcagbftl db ocs kcr`cs (oby db ocs kcr`cs)

OBW DB KLROLAH.   Fls pbragtb kcokuocr oc iubrzc boçktrgkc bftrb dls kcr`cs boçktrgkcs puftucobs, klal sb lhsbrvc bf oc ig`urc 8.4. 

 I   m  m  

q3 q 8  

r 38

3 4  5

8



r 38  

 I  -

 

 

q3

 F     a8  m   7 x35      8 K    7



r 38    

 

r 38 

r 38

 

y

Iubrzc boçktrgkc ]FQ q8 Kcr`cs boçktrgkcs ]KQ 

r 3388-- Dgstcfkgc bftrb ocs kcr`cs ]aQ  m - Klfstcftb db prlplrkglfcogdcd  8  -38  K  β5  1 :.:2 x 35  F   a 8    Ubragtgvgdcd   boçktrgkc dbo vckál 

Ig`urc 8.4 Iubrzcs boçktrgkc bftrb dls kcr`cs puftucobs. [g sb trctc db vcrgcs kcr`cs y sb rbqugbrb bfklftrcr oc iubrzc rbsuotcftb slhrb ufc db boocs, dbhgdl c ocs ltrcs kcr`cs, bftlfkbs sb rbcogzc ufc suac vbktlrgco db bstcs (ig`urc 8.2) Uã`gfc ;8 db 398 

 

[babstrb> 8585-GG

@bfbrcogzcfdl> 







 I 3   I 83  I ;3  ...... I f3  

Ig`urc 8.2 Iubrzcs boçktrgkc bftrb trbs kcr`cs puftucobs.

bf dlfdb>  I    I  Z g   I    W  n   I  ^ m    

ˉ

ˉ

ˉ

 plr klfsbkubfkgc>  I  X   I  Z g   I    W  n   I  ^ m    

ˉ

ˉ

ˉ

kuyc ac`fgtud bs>  I  X  ( I  Z  ) 8    ( I W  )8  ( I  ^  )8   

Cdbaãs ols kûsbfls dgrbktlrbs sb bskrghbf>

   I 

KL[   Z  

 Z 

 I  X

 

   I 

KL[  W  

W 

 I  X

 

   I   

KL[   ^  

 ^ 

 I  X

OBW DB OC KLF[BXYCKGÛF DB OC KCX@C BOÇKTXGKC. Oc kcr`c fl sb krbc fg sb dbstruyb y bf bo prlkbsl db kcr`cr boçktrgkcabftb uf actbrgco slol sb trcfsigbrb db uf actbrgco c ltrl.

Uã`gfc ;; db 398 

 

[babstrb> 8585-GG

KCAUL BOÇKTXGKL. [g klfsgdbrcals ufc kcr`c q  bf plsgkgûf ignc, y sb aubvb obftcabftb c su corbdbdlr ufc sb`ufdc kcr`c q5 (kcr`c db prubhc), sb lhsbrvc qub bf tldcs pcrtbs bxgstb ufc iubrzc slhrb bstc kcr`c q5. Ulr tcftl sb acfgigbstc oc bxgstbfkgc db uf kcapl db iubrzc, dbflagfcdl kcapl boçktrgkl.

GFTBF[GDCD DB KCAUL BOÇKTXGKL. 

Dbigfgkgûf> Oc gftbfsgdcd db kcapl boçktrgkl  B bs oc iubrzc boçktrgkc plr ufgdcd db kcr`c db  prubhc (ig`urc 8.9).

KCAUL BOÇKTXGKL UCXC KCX@C[ URFTRCOB[.

Ig`urc 8.9 Kcapl boçktrgkl pcrc ufc kcr`c puftuco.  I   F    B     q5  K   





 B  .-

Kcapl boçktrgkl 

 I  .-

 .-

Iubrzc boçktrgkc

Kcr`c db prubhc 

Ubrl oc iubrzc pcrc ufc kcr`c puftuco bs  I b  m 

q q5  

r 8

r    ˉ

 

 B  

 I  q q  m  8 5 r    q5 r  q5  

 B   m  

ˉ

 

q r 8

r   ˉ

Dbhgdl c vcrgcs kcr`cs puftucobs oc gftbfsgdcd db kcapl boçktrgkl rbsuotcftb bf uf puftl sb  pubdb lhtbfbr> 









 B  p   B 3 p  B 8 p   B ; p  ...  B fp  

Ols kcapls boçktrgkls sb pubdbf rbprbsbftcr plr oáfbcs db iubrzc (ig`urc 8.0), pcrc dghuncr ocs oáfbcs dbhbf kuapogr ocs sg`ugbftbs kcrcktbrástgkcs>  

Ocs oáfbcs db iubrzc dcf oc dgrbkkgûf dbo kcapl boçktrgkl bf kucoqugbr puftl. Uã`gfc ;4 db 398 

 

[babstrb> 8585-GG

 

Ocs oáfbcs db iubrzc sb lrg`gfcf bf oc kcr`c plsgtgvc y tbragfcf bf oc kcr`c fb`ctgvc.   Ocs oáfbcs db iubrzc sb trczcf db tco ilrac qub bo fþabrl db oáfbcs plr ufgdcd db ãrbc db sbkkgûf trcfsvbrsco slf prlplrkglfcobs c oc ac`fgtud dbo kcapl boçktrgkl.   Ocs oáfbcs tgbfbf dgrbkkgûf flraco co ãrbc db dlfdb scobf l bftrcf y fufkc sb kruzcf.

Ig`urc 8.0 Klfig`urckglfbs dbo kcapl boçktrgkl pcrc dgibrbftbs dgstrghukglfbs db kcr`c

ULTBFKGCO BOÇKTXGKL. [b dbigfb klal bo trchcnl rbcogzcdl plr ufc kcr`c pcrc gr db uf puftl c ltrl l klal oc dgibrbfkgc db oc bfbr`ác pltbfkgco boçktrgkc plr ufgdcd db kcr`c db prubhc> R h  R c R   hgbf f Y ch  Y   q5   l hgb q5 cjlrc sg bo sgstbac bs klfsbrvctgvl  R ch  wch  plr tcftl    wch   Y  Y ch  Y h  Y c  q5

3 Nluob 3 vlot   3 Kluolah

Uã`gfc ;2 db 398 

 

[babstrb> 8585-GG

Ultbfkgco boçktrgkl c pcrtgr dbo kcapl boçktrgkl.







P ch   I   d o    q5 B  O   q5 BO P ch q5

  BO

 

Y   Y   Y    BO Y  ch

h

c

 

Ultbfkgco boçktrgkl dbhgdl c ufc kcr`c puftuco (ig`urc 8.:).

Ig`urc 8.: Ultbfkgco boçktrgkl dbhgdl c ufc kcr`c puftuco.

 p







Y  p  Y c    B d o   c

Y  p  Y c   mq

 p



c



rp

rc

 

 B d r 

3 dr  r 

  3 3     r  p  r c  , sg r c        

Y  p  Y c   mq Y  p  m 

q r  p

Kchb rbklrdcr qub bo pltbfkgco boçktrgkl bs ufc ac`fgtud bskcocr y su vcolr pcrc ‟F‑ kcr`cs cgsocdcs bs> Y  p  Y 3  Y 8    Y ;  ....  Y f

 

Uã`gfc ;9 db 398 

 

[babstrb> 8585-GG

[RUBXIGKGB[ BSRGULTBFKGCOB[ [lf cquboocs supbrigkgbs qub bf kucoqugbr puftl tgbfbf bo agsal pltbfkgco (ig`urc 8.7).

[upbrigkgb Bqugpltbfkgco

Ig`urc 8.7. [upbrigkgbs bqugpltbfkgcobs Y    BO   =  B  

Y   Y    O  a 

Uldbals uscr bo `rcdgbftb db pltbfkgco pcrc klfsgdbrcr ocs dgrbkkglfbs db vcrgckgûf aãxgac dbo pltbfkgco> sg Y  x,  y, z  

bftlfkbs Y  x,  y, z    B  cdbacs  

   g  n  m   x  y  z    

  

ˉ

 

dlfdb  B  x 

 Y   Y   Y  =  B  y  =  B  z    x  y  z 

Uã`gfc ;0 db 398 

 

[babstrb> 8585-GG

LHNBTGYL[. G.  GG.  GGG.  GY.  Y. 

Dbalstrcr bxpbrgabftcoabftb oc ilrac db kcr`cr y dbskcr`cr uf kubrpl boçktrgkcabftb. Dbskrghgr bo iufkglfcagbftl dbo bobktrlsklpgl db oãagfcs y bo `bfbrcdlr Ycf db @rccii. Dbskrghgr oc klfig`urckgûf db kcapl boçktrgkl dbhgdl c dgibrbftbs ilracs `blaçtrgkcs db kubrpls kcr`cdls boçktrgkcabftb. Dbtbragfcr ocs supbrigkgbs bqugpltbfkgcobs dbhgdcs c uf kcapl boçktrgkl ufgilrab, utgogzcfdl oc Gftbricz klf sbfslr db vlotcnb. Bvcoucr bo kcapl boçktrgkl c pcrtgr dbo `rcdgbftb db pltbfkgco.

KRB[TGLFCXGL UXBYGL. 3.  Dbigfc ols sg`ugbftbs klfkbptls> kcr`c boçktrgkc y oby db oc klfsbrvckgûf db oc kcr`c boçktrgkc. 8.  Oc ufgdcd db kcr`c bs bo Kluolah. ¼C kuãftls bobktrlfbs bqugvcob< ;.  Ols trbs prlkbdgagbftls pcrc kcr`cr uf kubrpl boçktrgkcabftb slf> irltcagbftl, gfdukkgûf y klftcktl. ¼Bf quç klfsgstb kcdc prlkbdgagbftl< 4.  Kjcrobs Cu`ustgf Kluolah bstchobkgû oc oby qub kucftgigkc ocs iubrzcs bobktrlstãtgkcs. Bfufkgb hrbvbabftb bf quç kklfsgstb lfsgstb su bxpbrgabftl, bstchobzkc su bkuckgûf b gdbftgigqub kcdc tçragfl bf booc. 2.  Abfkglfb bo prgfkgpgl db iufkglfcagbftl db> c.  Rf `bfbrcdlr Ycf db @rccii db bibktl klrlfc.  h.  Rf `bfbrcdlr Ycf db @rccii plr irgkkgûf. 9.  Dbigfc bo klfkbptl db gftbfsgdcd db kcapl boçktrgkl y bstchobzkc oc bxprbsgûf actbaãtgkc dbhgdl c ufc kcr`c puftuco cgsocdc 0.  Bfufkgb ocs kcrcktbrástgkcs db ocs oáfbcs db iubrzc qub rbprbsbftcf uf kcapl boçktrgkl y dghunb ocs oáfbcs db kcapl boçktrgkl dbhgdl c trbs ilracs `blaçtrgkcs dgibrbftbs db kubrpls kcr`cdls ufgilrababftb. :.  [b cigrac qub bf bo gftbrglr db uf actbrgco klfduktlr kcr`cdl bo kcapl boçktrgkl bs kbrl. Dç ufc bxpogkckgûf co rbspbktl.  

7. bstchobzkc Dbigfc bo klfkbptl db pltbfkgco boçktrgkl (vlotcnb) bf iufkgûf dbo kcapl boçktrgkl y su bkuckgûf. 35. Oc dgstrghukgûf dbo pltbfkgco boçktrgkl bf uf kcapl boçktrgkl pubdb rbprbsbftcrsb `rãigkcabftb plr supbrigkgbs bqugpltbfkgcobs. Dbskrghc ocs kcrcktbrástgkcs db ufc supbrigkgb bqugpltbfkgco y dghunb trbs bnbapols. 33. [g sb klflkb oc iufkgûf db pltbfkgco boçktrgkl bf kgbrtc rb`gûf dbo bspckgl= dbigfc oc bkuckgûf qub pbragtb kcokuocr bo kcapl boçktrgkl bf bsc rb`gûf (@rcdgbftb db pltbfkgco boçktrgkl). Dcr su rbspubstc bf kllrdbfcdcs kcrtbsgcfcs.

Uã`gfc ;: db 398 

 

[babstrb> 8585-GG

KLFKBUTL[ FBKB[CXGL[ 3.  8.  ;.  4.  2.  9.  0.  :. 

Kcr`c boçktrgkc y ilracs db kcr`cr boçktrgkcabftb uf kubrpl. Oby db oc klfsbrvckgûf db oc kcr`c boçktrgkc Oby db ols sg`fls db ocs kcr`cs boçktrgkcs. Oby db Kluolah. Tgpls db dgstrghukgûf db kcr`c. Kcapl y pltbfkgco boçktrgkl. [upbrigkgbs bqugpltbfkgcobs. @rcdgbftb db pltbfkgco.

ACTBXGCO W BSRGUL  

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 

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   

 

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 

 

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 

 

 

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 

Rfc pgbo db klfbnl. Rfc hcrrc db vgdrgl. Rf bobktrlsklpgl db oãagfcs. Rf `bfbrcdlr Ycf db @rccii. Rfc kcnc db ckráogkl klf ckbgtb klabstghob. Bobktrldls> dls puftucobs, kuctrl pockcs pocfcs, dls kgogfdrls jubkls y uf klfduktlr rbktl. Rfc kcnc db ckráogkl klf crbfc kbrfgdc y jþabdc. Rfc iubftb db pldbr. Kchobs db klfbxgûf. Rf auotáabtrl dg`gtco. Dls bsibrcs, ufc db kcr`cs gfdukgdcs y ltrc db dbskcr`c. [bagoocs db pcstl, copgstb, tç l bqugvcobftb. Rfc Xb`oc db poãstgkl `rcducdc db ;5 ka. Rf `ucftb db oãtbx. Gftbricz klf sbfslr db vlotcnb. Rfc klaputcdlrc klf bo slitwcrb Dctc[tudgl. Rf vbrfgbr.

Uã`gfc ;7 db 398 

 

[babstrb> 8585-GG

DB[CXXLOOL Ilracs db kcr`cr uf kubrpl boçktrgkcabftb (klftcktl, irltcagbftl b gfdukkgûf) . 3.- Bxpogkckgûf plr pcrtb dbo prlibslr dbo prgfkgpgl db iufkglfcagbftl dbo bobktrlsklpgl db oãagfcs. 8.- Irltb oc pgbo db klfbnl klf oc hcrrc db vgdrgl y pûf`coc bf klftcktl klf bo bobktrlsklpgl db oãagfcs klal sb aubstrc bf oc ig`urc 8.35. [u`brbfkgc> Rscr bo `ucftb db oãtbx pcrc tlacr oc hcrrc db vgdrgl

Ig`urc 8.35 Bobktrlsklpgl db oãa oãagfcs, gfcs, kcr`c plr klftcktl. c) Bxpogqub quç sukbdb klf ocs jlncs dbo bobktrlsklpgl bf bo gfkgsl 8).

;.- Irltb fubvcabftb oc hcrrc db vgdrgl klf oc pgbo db klfbnl y ckçrquboc obftcabftb co bobktrlsklpgl db oãagfcs sgf qub sb tlqub, ig`urc 8.33.

Ig`urc 8.33. Bobktrlsklpgl db oãagfcs, gfdukkgûf db kcr`c.   Uã`gfc 45 db 398 

 

[babstrb> 8585-GG

 h) ¼Suç sukbdb klf ocs jlncs dbo bobktrlsklpgl bobktrls klpgl bf bo gfkgsl ;)<

k) Klf rbspbktl c ols gfkgsls 8) y ;) ¼quç ilracs db kcr`cr uf kubrpl lhsbrvû< Bxpogqub.

Lpbrckgûf dbo @bfbrcdlr Ycf db @rccii. 4.- Bo gfstruktlr bxpogkcrã bo iufkglfcagbftl dbo `bfbrcdlr Ycf db @rccii. 2.- Ckbrqub oc bsibrc db kcr`c gfdukgdc co kcskl dbo `bfbrcdlr Ycf db @rccii y cprlxáaboc obftcabftb co bobktrlsklpgl db oãagfcs (ig`urc 8.38).

Ig`urc 8.38 @bfbrcdlr Ycf db @rccii. d) Bf bo @bfbrcdlr Ycf db @rccii, ¼dûfdb sb ckuauocrlf ocs kcr`cs<

Uã`gfc 43 db 398 

 

[babstrb> 8585-GG

Klfig`urckgûf db kcapl boçktrgkl. 9.- Klfsgdbrcr bo sg`ugbftb dgsplsgtgvl ig`urc 8.3;.

Ig`urc 8.3; Klfig`urckgûf db kcapl boçktrgkl. 0.- Klolqub db acfbrc klrrbsplfdgbftb ols sg`ugbftbs bobktrldls bf oc kcnc db ckráogkl klf ckbgtb klabstghob, dghunb ocs oáfbcs db iubrzc pcrc ocs klfig`urckglfbs qub rbprbsbftcf co kcapl boçktrgkl dbhgdl c ols bobktrldls utgogzcdls.  Fltc> Bf kcsl db sbr plsghob tlacr iltl`rciács. i ltl`rciács.  

Rf puftuco (cftbs klfbktb co kcskl dbo `bfbrcdlr).   Rf klfduktlr rbktl (cftbs klfbktb co kcskl dbo `bfbrcdlr).   Dls puftucobs (klfbktb ufl co kcskl dbo `bfbrcdlr y bo ltrl c oc hcsb dbo agsal).  

Rfc pockcs pockc pocfc kcskl dbo `bfbrcdlr). Dls pocfcs(klfbktb (klfbktbcoufc co kcskl dbo `bfbrcdlr y oc ltrc c oc hcsb dbo agsal), cócdgbfdl plstbrglrabftb uf kgogfdrl jubkl bftrb boocs.   Rf kgogfdrl jubkl (cftbs klfbktb çstb co kcskl dbo `bfbrcdlr).

 

Dghunls l iltl`rciács>

Uã`gfc 48 db 398 

 

[babstrb> 8585-GG

b) Klapcrb sus klfig`urckglfbs cftbrglrbs klf ocs rbprbsbftckglfbs db ols oghrls db tbxtl. ¼Suç klfkouyb co rbspbktl<

Dbtbragfckgûf db supbrigkgbs bqugpltbfkgcobs dbhgdl c uf kcapl boçktrgkl ufgilrab bxgstbftb bftrb dls pockcs pcrcobocs.(kcr`c puftuco) :.- Bxpogkckgûf plr pcrtb dbo prlibslr dbo usl y iufkglfcagbftl db oc Gftbricz y bo sbfslr db vlotcnb. 7.- Cftbs db cracr bo kgrkugtl qub sb aubstrc bf oc ig`urc 8.34, vbrgigqub qub>  

Oc Gftbricz bstç cpc`cdc.   Oc iubftb db vlotcnb bstç cpc`cdc y klf ols klftrlobs co aáfgal.

Ig`urc 8.34 [upbrigkgbs Bqugpltbfkgcobs.

Gftbrickb

Fltc> Ybrgigqub qub oc crbfc bstç jþabdc y ocs pockcs oghrbs db ckbgtb.

35.- Acftbfgbfdl oc  iubftb db vlotcnb cpc`cdc, agdc oc dgstcfkgc bftrb ocs pockcs klf uf vbrfgbr y cfûtbol bf oc tchoc 8.3  Fltc>  Ucrc abdgr ocs dgstcfkgcs sgbaprb sb dbhb db cpc`cr oc iubftb, db ol klftrcrgl co tlkcr ocs pockcs klf bo vbrfgbr sb  Urlvlkcrã Rf Klrtl Kgrkugtl.

33.- Agdc oc dgstcfkgc bftrb ocs pockcs y cfûtboc bf oc tchoc 8.3. Dgstcfkgc bftrb pockcs>

]aQ

Tchoc 8.3 Uã`gfc 4; db 398 

 

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38.- Bfkgbfdc oc Gft Gftbricz bricz . 3;.- Bf oc Klaputcdlrc sbobkkglfcr bo gklfl dbo prl`rcac Dctc[tudgl y dcr bftbr pcrc gfgkgcr bo prl`rcac, sbobkkglfcr ‟krbcr bxpbrgabftl‑ klal sb aubstrc bf oc ig`urc 8.32.

Ig`urc 8.32. Ucftcooc db gfgkgl Dctc[tudgl. 34.Bf oc pcftcooc db oc ig`urc 8.39 sbobkkglfcr ols trbsklf pubrtls cfcoû`gklsbfslrbs, (co qub bstç klfbktcdl bo sbfslr), plstbrglrabftb cpcrbkbrãufl ufcdbvbftcfc ols dgibrbftbs sbobkkglfcals bo sbfslr db vlotcnb y dcr kogk bf Ckbptcr.

e Ig`urc 8.39. Klfig`urckgûf dbo bxpbrgabftl y sbfslrbs.

Uã`gfc 44 db 398 

 

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32.- [b alstrcrc qub bo sbfslr db vlotcnb sb bfkubftrc cktgvl ig`urc8.30.

.

Ig`urc 8.30. Cktgvckgûf db sbfslr db vlotcnb. 39.- Bf Dctc[tudgl klal sb aubstrc bf oc ig`urc 8.3: sbobkkglfcr bo abdgdlr dg`gtco (sb bfkubftrc bf oc pcrtb gfibrglr gzqugbrdc db oc pcftcooc) dcr dlhob kogk klf bo kurslr. 30.- Kbrkglrb qub tldcs ocs pbrgoocs db oc iubftb sb bfkubftrb co aáfgal y plstbrglrabftb bfkgbfdc oc iubftb db vlotcnb. 3:.- Ucrc klabfzcr oc tl ac db dctls dcr kogk bf ‟gfgkgl‑ y klal aãxgal kcoghrcr c : vlots db cogabftckgûf.  Fltc> Kcoghrcr oc iubftb jcstc 0.25 klf bo KLCX[B, plstbrglrabftb kcoghrcr jcstc :.55 klf oc pbrgooc IGFB  pcrc ufc abnlr abdgkgûf y klal UXLTBKKGLF DBO BSRGUL.  Co alabftl db gfgkgcr oc tlac db dctls y kcoghrcr= bo hltûf db gfgkgl cpcrbkbrã cjlrc klal Dbtbfbr.  

Ig`urc 8.3: Abdgdlr Dg`gtco Uã`gfc 42 db 398 

 

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37.- Rfc vbz kcoghrcdc oc iubftb c : Ykd, dcr kogk bf dbtbfbr ig`urc 8.37.

Ig`urc 8.37 Kcoghrckgûf db vlotcnb.  

[bobkkglfcr bf oc hcrrc db tcrbcs ‟Bxpbrgabftl‑, dcr kogk bf ‟[uprgagr tldls ols bfscyls db dctls‑ ckbptcr ols kcahgls, kbrrcr bo abdgdlr dg`gtco y ckbptcr.

 

Cpc`cr oc iubftb.

85.- Klfig`urckgûf pcrc kcahgl db vcrgchob bf ols bnbs db oc `rãigkc, `rãigkc, pcrc lhtbfbr oc  pbfdgbftb dbsbcdc. 83.- [bobkkglfcr ‟lpkglfbs db aubstrbl‑, y cktgvcr oc kcsgooc kcsgooc db ‟klfsbrvcr vcolrbs db dctls‑ y sbobkkglfcr ocs kcsgoocs klal sb aubstrc bf oc Ig`urc 8.85, bf bo kcapl db ‟flahrb‑ hlrrcr Tbkocdl3 y bskrghgr ‟dgstcfkgc‑, bf bo kcapl db ‟ufgdcdbs‑ hlrrcr sgf ufgdcdbs y bskrghgr ‟a‑. Cktgvcr Cktgvcr oc kcsgooc db ‟gfkougr ufc ogstc ogstc db vcolrbs….‑ 

Ig`urc 8.85 Lpkglfbs db aubstrbl. Uã`gfc 49 db 398 

 

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88.- Dcr kogk bf ‟bdgtcr tldcs ocs prlpgbdcdbs (U)‑, bf bo kcapl db alstrcr aãxgal plfbr bo vcolr db oc dgstcfkgc db oc tchoc 8.3. Ulstbrglrabftb dcr kogk bf ckbptcr ig`urc 8.83.

Ig`urc 8.83.Urlpgbdcdbs db ols dctls. 8;.- Dcr kogk fubvcabftb bf ckbptcr pcrc igfcogzcr ols kcahgls y kbrrcr oc vbftcfc db klfig`urckglfbs dbo bxpbrgabftl. 84.-[bobkkglfcr bo gklfl ‟kcokuocr‑ qub sb bfkubftrc bf oc pcrtb supbrglr db oc pcftcooc y cpcrbkbrã ufc vbftcfc bf dlfdb> 82.-Dbigfgrbals oc bkuckgûf db kcapl boçktrgkl boçktrgkl klal ‟B1Y/d‑ y dcr kogk bf ‟ckbptcr‑, dbspuçs dbigfgr vcrgchobs klal sb aubstrc bf oc ig`urc 8.88.

Ig`urc 8.88 Dbigfgkgûf db oc bkuckgûf db kcapl boçktrgkl.

Uã`gfc 40 db 398 

 

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89.- [bobkkglfcrbals ocs vcrgchob c kcokuocr, kcahgcfdl bf oc vbftcfc ‟vcrgchob fl dbigfgdc  plr ‟dctls dgsplfghobs‑ klal sb aubstrc bf oc ig`urc 8.8; plstbrglrabftb cpcrbkbrã ufc vbftcfc dlfdb sbobkkglfcrbals ‟Ylotcnb KjC(Y)‑ y dcr kogk bf ckbptcr bf oc vbftcfc db ‟iubftb db dctls‑. 

Ig`urc 8.8; Dbigfgkgûf db vcrgchobs. 80.- [bobkkglfcrbals ocs vcrgchob c kcokuocr, kcahgcfdl bf oc vbftcfc ‟vcrgchob fl dbigfgdc  plr ‟dctls dgsplfghobs‑ klal sb aubstrc bf oc ig`urc 8.84 plstbrglrabftb cpcrbkbrã ufc vbftcfc dlfdb sbobkkglfcrbals ‟dgstcfkgc (a)‑ y dcr kogk bf ckbptcr bf oc vbftcfc db ‟iubftb db dctls‑. 

Ig`urc 8.84 Dbigfgkgûf db vcrgchob ‟dgstcfkgc‑.

Uã`gfc 4: db 398 

 

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8:.- [bobkkglfcr bo gklfl db ‟prlpgbdcdbs‑ qub cpcrbkb bf oc vbftcfc db kcokuocr y  plstbrglrabftb cpcrbkbrã bo abfþ db ‟Urlpgbdcdbs db ols dctls‑ bf dlfdb   Flahrb db oc abdgkgûf bskrghgr ‟kcapl boçktrgkl‑, bf bo gklfl db Dbskrgpkgûf bskrghgrbals bskrghgrbals ‟abdgkgûf db kcapl boçktrgkl‑, bf bo gklfl gklfl db flahrb db oc vcrg vcrgchob chob sb sustgtugrã plr ‟B‑, bf bo gklfl db ufgdcdbs plfbr ‟Y/a‑ y co rbcogzcr ols kcahgls dcr kogk bf ckbptcr

Ig`urc 8.82 Urlpgbdcdbs db ols dctls. 87.- Ucrc igfcogzcr dcr kogk bf ckbptcr bf oc vbftcfc db ‟kcokuocr‑ y plstbrglrabftb kbrrcroc.  ;5.-Ucrc klabfzcr c trchcncr, plsgkglfcrsb bf oc pcrtb gfibrglr gzqugbrdc bf oc hcrrc ‟Ucftcoocs‑ y sbobkkglfcr uf `rcigkl dcfdl dlhob kogk ig`urc 8.89.

Ig`urc 8.89 Ucftcoocs.

Uã`gfc 47 db 398 

 

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;3.- [bobkkglfcr ‟vlotcnb, KjC(Y)‑ y dcr kogk bf ckbptcr ig`urc 8.8:.

Ig`urc 8.80. @rcigkc db vlotcnb vs tgbapl . ;8.- [b kcahgc oc bskcoc db tgbapl bf ocs lrdbfcdcs plr oc db dgstcfkgc, dcfdl kogk bf tgbapl y sbobkkglfcfdl dgstcfkgc klal sb aubstrc bf oc sg`ugbftb ig`urc 8.8:.

Ig`urc 8.8:. Kcahgl db ufgdcdbs bf ocs chskgscs. ;;.- Gr c oc hcrrc db ‟Ucftcoocs‑ bf oc lpkgûf db ‟tchoc‑ dcfdl dlhob kogk y sbobkkglfcr ‟Ylotcnb KjC vs dgstcfkgc (Y)‑ y dcr kogk ckbptcr klal klal sb aubstrc bf oc sg`ugbftb ig`urc

8.87.

Ig`urc 8.87. Tchoc db Ylotcnb KjC vs dgstcfkgc (Y)‑ 

Uã`gfc 25 db 398 

 

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;4.- C klftgfuckgûf dbo abfþ ‟dctls‑ qub sb bfkubftrc bf oc pcrtb pcrtb supbrglr gzqugbrdc db oc pcftcooc sbobkkglfcrbals ‟B1Y/a (Y/a) y sgf slotcr bo kurslr crrcstrcrbals jcstc tchoc 3

qub sb bfkubftrc bf oc pcrtb gfibrglr gzqugbrdc db oc pcftcooc. Klal sb aubstrc bf oc ig`urc 8.;5.

Ig`urc 8.;5 Tchoc pcrc kcokuocr kcapl boçktrgkl ;2.- [bobkkglfcr uf abdgdlr dg`gtco klal sb gfdgkc bf bo puftl 39, sbobkkglfcfdl vlotcnb. ;9.- .-Crab bo dgsplsgtgvl db oc ig`urc 8.;3 pcrc olkcogzcr supbrigkgbs bqugpltbfkgcobs c  pcrtgr db abdgkglfbs puftucobs bf ols bnbs ‟x,y,z‑, acftbfgbfdl uf vlotcnb db : ]YKDQ. Bftrb ocs pockcs.

x

W

z Ig`urc 8.;3. Dgsplsgtgvl pcrc supbrigkgbs bqugpltbfkgcobs. Uã`gfc 23 db 398 

 

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;0.-  Rtgogzcfdl ufc puftc db prubhc ufc vbz olkcogzcdc oc dgstcfkgc, gftrldukgr oc puftc db  prubhc y dcr kogk bf klfsbrvcr y bskrghgr bo gfkrbabftl. Jckbr uf rbklrrgdl bf ols bnbs ‟^‑ y ‟W‑ y klaprlhcr qub sb ilrac ufc supbrigkgb bqugpltbfkgco co lhtbfbr bo agsal vlotcnb bf

tldl bo rbklrrgdl ig`urc 8.;8. 

[upbrigkgb Bqugpltbfkgco

Ig`urc 8.;8 Dgsplsgtgvl pcrc supbrigkgbs bqugpltbfkgcobs utgogzcfdl puftc db prubhc. ;:.- Bo couafl `ucrdcrã ols rbsuotcdls pcrc su rbplrtb bf uf sgstbac db coackbfcagbftl bxtbrfl. i) Bf iufkgûf db oc `rcigkc lhtbfgdc ¼Kûal sb klaplrtc bo kcapl boçktrgkl bftrb ocs  pockcs<

;7.-Xbprbsbftb bf trbs dgabfsglfbs, plr abdgl db uf dgc`rcac, ocs supbrigkgbs bqugpltbfkgcobs klrrbsplfdgbftbs c oc tchoc lhtbfgdc bf bo bxpbrgabftl. Dghunb>

Uã`gfc 28 db 398 

 

[babstrb> 8585-GG

`) ¼Suç sukbdb klf bo kcapl boçktrgkl rbspbktl c ols dbaãs bnbs bf bo puftl ;0<

;4.- Gftrlduzkc bf oc kuhc kucoqugbr lhnbtl abtãogkl ogapgl y vbrgigqub qub sb klaplrtc klal ufc supbrigkgb bqugpltbfkgco. j) ¼[á sb klaplrtc bo lhnbtl klal ufc supbrigkgb bqugpltbfkgco< Bxpogqub.

B[KXGHC [R[ KLFKOR[GLFB[ W KLABFTCXGL[ C OC UXÃKTGKC.

Uã`gfc 2; db 398