Practica 2. Calculo Kla

 

PRÍJVNJM FG AMBLRMVLRNL #2? Gstnimjnúh fga kAm y jlgcnjnghtg rgspnrmtlrnl (R]) pmrm uh juatnvl bmtjd fg Zmjjdmrliyjgs jgrgvnsnmg. m

Mhfrîs Imrtéhgz, y  b Auns Ineuga Rloms m gyfgr.imrtéhgz jlrrgl.njgsn.gfu.jl y  bauns-:4>@dltimna.jli myb Whnvgrsnfmf Njgsn, Cmjuatmf fg Nheghngrém, Prlermims fg m y b Nheghngrém Bnlquéinjm Amblrmtlrnl fg Vgjhlaleéms fg cgrightmjnúh Zmhtnmel fg Jman, Jlalibnm Melstl 2> fg 20=> Gh ga prgsghtg nhclrig, sg prgtghfg ouhtl jlh ga usl fga BnlPrljgss Vrmnhgr rgmanzmr am gogjujnúh fg gxpgrnightls jliputmjnlhmags pmrm gstnimr ga jlgcnjnghtg fg trmhscgrghjnm fg imsm pmrm uh bnlrrgmjtlr fg tmhqug mentmfl, jlil tmibnîh gstnimr ga jlgcnjnghtg fg rgspnrmjnúh m al amrel fga juatnvl gh bmtjd fg agvmfurms Zmjjdmrliyjgs jgrgvnsnmg gh uh bnlrrgmjtlr fg tmhqug mentmfl. Zg prljgfnú jlh ga juipaninghtl fg als lbogtnvls mhtgrnlrightg hlibrmfls, dmjnghfl usl fga sniuamflr, juym jlhcneurmjnúh sg lbsgrvm m jlhtnhumjnúh gh am tmbam =. =. Vmbam =. Fmtls pmrm am jlhcneurmjnúh jlhcneurmjnúh fga sniuamflr. Slauigh fga igfnl gh ga rgmjtlr (A)

=0

Vgipgrmturm Vgipgrmtur m fga igfnl (°J)

:0

Zgt plnht pD

5

Zgt plnht hnvga fg gspuim (A)

2

Jlhjghtrmjnúh fg gxtrmjtl fg agvmfurm (cughtg fg hntrúeghl) (e/A)

0.7

Jlhjghtrmjnúh nhnjnma fg eaujlsm (e/A)

=0

Jlhjghtrmjnúh fg bnlimsm gh ga rgmjtlr augel fg nhljuamfl (e/A)

2

Zgt plnht fga PL2 (%)

30

Smalr cnol fga cauol fg mnrg (vvi)

=

Smalr iéhnil fg vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh pmrm ga jlhtrla fg PL2 (rpi)

40

3.= Pmrm ga jíajual fg am jlhjghtrmjnúh fg smturmjnúh fg lxéeghl fnsugatl gh meum, prnigrl sg tnghg gh jughtm qug sg trmbmoú gh jlhfnjnlhgs fg tgipgrmturm fg :0°J y jlhfnjnúh fg prgsnúh gh Jman fg 53=.3 iiDe. Mdlrm bngh, jlil ga lxéeghl gstí fnsugatl gh meum sg busjú uhm tmbam fg slaubnanfmf fg lxéeghl gh meum purm pmrm usmr am gjumjnúh fg Dghry ilstrmfm m jlhtnhumjnúh?

 

 

(=) PME9 prgsnúh pmrjnma fga jliplhghtg gh ga ems Pt9 prgsnúh tltma yME9 crmjjnúh ilamr fga jliplhghtg D9 jlhstmhtg fg Dghry J*Ma9jlhjghtrmjnúh fg smturmjnúh fga jliplhghtg gh ga aéqunfl sg dmaaú am prgsnúh pmrjnma fga lxéeghl, tghnghfl gh jughtm qug gh ga mnrg ga 2=% gs lxéeghl y qug am prgsnúh gh Jman gs 573.3 iiDe, gh tmbams sg fgtgrinhú qug am jlhstmhtg fg Dghry m :0°J gs 23.= (mti iX:/ke)? 573.3iiDe* 2=%* =mti/530iiDe9 0.20> mti ∕





9

0.20>

  23.=  : /

*

J  MA90.00400>>4 ke/iX: J* MA90.270: ila/iX:  Mdlrm bngh, pmrm fgtgrinhmr fgtgrinhmr am jlhjghtrmjnúh jlhjghtrmjnúh fg lxéeghl lxéeghl fnsugatl sn gh ga igfnl igfnl sg prgsghtm uhm jlhjghtrmjnúh fg eaujlsm 40 e/A, sg usmrlh ams ‑rgamjnlhgs gipérnjms’ gh flhfg sg usmh jlhstmhtgs pmrm als jliplhghtgs núhnjls y hl núhnjls (pmrm gstg jmsl sg fgsprgjnmh als jliplhghtgs núhnjls), pmrm ga rgspgjtnvl jíajual, am gjumjnúh sg prgsghtm m jlhtnhumjnúh?

(2) J*MA0 9 slaubnanfmf fg lxéeghl jumhfl hl dmy slautls, ila/iX: J*MA 9 slaubnanfmf fg lxéeghl, ila/iX: Dn 9 jlhstmhtg núhnjm pmrm ga jliplhghtg n, iX:/ila _n 9 vmaghjnm núhnjm pmrm ga jliplhghtg n JnA 9 jlhjghtrmjnúh núhnjm fg n gh ga aéqunfl, ila/iX: Ko 9 jlhstmhtg pmrm jliplhghtgs hl núhnjls, iX:/ila JoA 9 jlhjghtrmjnúh fg jliplhghtgs hl núhnjls gh ga aéqunfl, ila/iX: Cnhmaightg, pmrm ga jíajual fg jlhjghtrmjnúh fg lxéeghl fnsugatl, sg fgsprgjnú als jliplhghtgs núhnjls, plr al qug sg tnghg gh jughtm súal am jlhstmhtg fga mzÿjmr qug gh gstg jmsl gs am eaujlsm?

 

 ∕

9

0.2623 /: =0(.

 /

∕ (. /)

 

 ∕ 9 0.2=64 ila/iX:  ∕ 9 0.00345:044766 ke/iX:

Fg mjugrfl m als jíajuals rgmanzmfls, am jlhjghtrmjnúh fg lxéeghl fnsugatl fnsinhuyg, qug gs al qug sg gspgrm. Gh ga ilightl fg aagvmrsg m jmbl als bnlprljgsls sg prgpmrmh igfnls fg juatnvl als jumags slh iujdl iís jlipagols qug uh snstgim meum-mnrg, fgbnfl m qug jlhtnghg smags, sustrmtls, hutrnghtgs, mhtngspuimhtgs ghtrg ltrls jlipugstls, gstl dmjg qug gh ga snstgim jmibngh prlpngfmfgs cnsnjlquéinjms cnsnjlquéinjms qug fgbgh sgr jumhtncnjmfms pmrm fgtgrinhmr am fgsvnmjnúh fg am nfgmanfmf fg am slaujnúh. Gh ga jmsl fga snstgim mnrg-meum-eaujlsm sg prgsghtm uhm fnsinhujnúh fga lxéeghl fnsugatl gh jlipmrmjnúh jlh ga snstgim mnrg-meum gstl pugfg fgbgrsg m vmrnls cmjtlrgs ghtrg als jumags ghjlhtrmils ga jmibnl fg am vnsjlsnfmf fg am slaujnúh, al juma rgplrtm am antgrmturm pugfg nhfujnr maeuhms ilfncnjmjnlhgs gh am dnfrlfnhíinjm dnfrlfnhíinj m (hÿigrl fg Rgyhlafs fg burbuom) fg ams prlxninfmfgs fg am nhtgrcmz nhtgrcm z aéqunflems al juma fncnjuatm am slaubnanfmf fga ems lxéeghl ma igfnl aéqunfl (Omihlhewlhe 20=0), mfgiís gh ga amfl fga aéqunfl, am eaujlsm tnghg jlil jlhsgjughjnm am fnsinhujnúh fga jlgcnjnghtg fg fncusnvnfmf plr al juma sg vm m tghgr uhm imylr rgstrnjjnúh gh am trmhscgrghjnm fg imsm fga lxéeghl ma aéqunfl. 3.2 Pmrm jmfm vmalr fg rpi, sg rgmanzú uhm rgspgjtnvm erícnjm (vmalr alemrétinjl vs tngipl) fgsfg jumhfl gstí ma 0% fg smturmjnúh fg lxéeghl, dmstm qug aagem ma =00%, ermjnms ma cauol fg mnrg juyl vmalr jlrrgsplhfg pmrm =vvi. Plstgrnlrightg, sg rgmanzm am rgergsnúh anhgma m als fmtls pmrm lbtghgr am gjumjnúh fg am rgjtm jlrrgsplhfnghtg, juym pghfnghtg fg am rgjtm jlrrgsplhfg ma vmalr fga Kam. Pmrm al mhtgrnlr sg usú am gjumjnúh?

(:) JL2* jlrrgsplhfg ma plrjghtmog fg lxéeghl smturmfl gh am jlhfnjnúh fg gqunanbrnl JL2 gs ga plrjghtmog fg lxéeghl smturmfl gh ga tngipl t gh dlrms. Ga vmalr alemrétinjl ghtlhjgs jlrrgsplhfg ma gog ‑y’, inghtr ms ms qug ga tngipl gh dlrms jlrrgsplhfgrí ma gog ‑x’.  M jlhtnhumjnúh sg prgsghtm ams ams gjumjnlhgs fg fg ams erícnjms y ga ga vmalr fg jlrrgamjnúh jlrrgamjnúh m jmfm jmfm rpi gh am rgspgjtnvm tmbam? Vmbam 2. Gjumjnúh y vmalr fg jlrrgamjnúh rgspgjtnvl pmrm jmfm rpi. rpi

Gjumjnúh (y9ix+b)

=00

y 9 =4.==2x - 0.0632

R2 0.>>>=

 

200

y 9 6>.656x - 0.0446

0.>>55

:00

y 9 ===.=2x - 0.:043

0.>>47

600

y 9 =>2.37x - 0.653>

0.>>53

700 300

y 9 2>>.::x - 0.5207 y 9 :>7.>4x - 0.43:2

0.>>26 0.>4::

500

y 9 636.>6x - 0.>05>

0.>425

400

y 9 706.=x - 0.4437

0.>422

>00

y 9 726.56x - 0.4:32

0.>474

=000

y 9 7:4.=x - 0.42>=

0.>457

Whm vgz dmaamfls als vmalrgs fg Kam, qug jlrrgsplhfg m am pghfnghtg fg am gjumjnúh, pmrm jmfm vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh (=/i), sg prljgfnú m rgmanzmr am erícnjm = rgprgsghtmhfl = rgprgsghtmhfl fnjdls fmtls ilstrmfls gh am tmbam :. :.

Vmbam :. vmalrgs fg Kam, m am vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh jlrrgsplhfnghtg.

 

  Erícnjm =. vmalr fg Kam m fncgrghtg rpi pmrm uh cauol fg mnrg =vvi. Fg mjugrfl m am erícnjm =, =, ga vmalr fg Kam tnghfg m muightmr m igfnfm qug sg muightm am vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh moustmhfl uh vlauigh fg mnrg plr vlauigh fga igfnl plr inhutl (vvi) jlhstmhtg, Gs fgjnr, ga mentmflr gs uhm dgrrminghtm prnhjnpma pmrm qug ga mnrg sg fnspgrsg, plr al qug am vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh tnghg uh gcgjtl niplrtmhtg gh am trmhscgrghjnm fg imsm (Clurhngr, 20=6). Mdlrm bngh, trmbmomr jlh fncgrghtgs vgaljnfmfgs fg mentmjnúh prlvljm fncgrghtgs pmtrlhgs fg cauol, y gs qug jlil sg lbsgrvm gh am erícnjm =, =, ghtrg =00 y 600 rpi ga KAm muightm aghtmightg (mprlxnimfmightg ga fgatm gs fg =56 =/d), inghtrms qug ghtrg 600 y 300 rpi ga KAm muightm jlhsnfgrmbagightg (mprlxnimfmightg ga fgatm gs fg 20: =/d), y cnhmaightg ghtrg 300 y =000 rpi ga KAm muightm pgrl hl fg imhgrm jlhsnfgrmbag jlil sg gspgrmrém (mprlxnimfmightg ga fgatm gs fg =62.=2 =/d). Plr al mhtgrnlr, am vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh úptnim gs ghtrg 600 y 300 rpi, ym qug sg prgsghtm imylr gcnjnghjnm l fnsplhnbnanfmf fg L2 pmrm qug am jîauam al jlhsuim, pugstl qug trmbmomr jlh uhm vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh imylr fg 300 rpi, jlhaagvm m gstrîs jgauamr prlvljmhfl qug sgm iís fncéjna trmbmomr m gsm jlhfnjnúh, plr ltrl amfl trmbmomr jlh ighls fg 600 rpi vm dmbgr mrgm fg trmhscgrghjnm y fnsplhnbnanfmf fga lxéeghl pgrl hl sgrí jlhsnfgrmbag m jlipmrmjnúh jlh uhm vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh ghtrg 600 y 300 rpi. r pi. 3.:. Zg rgmanzú ga iîtlfl fg bmamhjg fg lxéeghl pmrm jíajuals fg Kam, am juma sg dnzl jlh am jlhcneurmjnúh ilstrmfm gh am tmbam =, =, pmrm plfgr jlrrgr ga sniuamflr. Gstg jlhsnstnú gh uhm cgrightmjnúh mgrlbnm, am juma sg tuvl qug dmaamr am jlhjghtrmjnúh fg nhújual nhnjnma, juyl vmalr gs =0: e/A. M jlhtnhumjnúh sg rgjlagjtmrlh tlfls als fmtls, y cnhmaightg sg prljgfnú jlh ga jíajual fga KAm jlh am gjumjnúh?

(6) tmbam 6. Smalrgs rgjlagjtmfls fga sniuamflr y rgsuatmfls fg jlhjghtrmjnlhgs fg JL2 y L2 y KAm.

 

  Plstgrnlrightg, sg prljgfnú m ermcnjmr ams vgaljnfmfgs fg mentmjnúh jlh rgspgjtl ma tngipl ma neuma qug ga KAm jlh rgspgjtl ma tngipl. Zg rgmanzú ga mhíansns gh rgamjnúh jlh als jmibnls qug sg lbsgrvmh fga rpi y qug m su vgz gstg mcgjtm ga KAm?

Erícnjm 2. rpi vs tngipl y KAm vs tngipl Fg mjugrfl m am erícnjm 2, 2, sg lbsgrvm qug ma nhnjnl fg am cgrightmjnúh cgrightmjn úh am vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh tnghfg m muightmr, fgbnfl m am rmzúh fg qug sg rgqungrg uhm mnrgmjnúh jlhstmhtg y vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh imylr pmrm slstghgr ga vmalr fg lxéeghl jgrjmhl m am jlhjghtrmjnúh fg smturmjnúh fg lxéeghl fnsugatl. Mdlrm bngh, tmibnîh sg lbsgrvú qug ga KAm gs matl ma nhnjnl fg am cgrightmjnúh, plr am insim rmzúh qug ma muightmr am vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh muightmh als puhtls fg fncusnúh, eghgrmhfl imylr gcnjnghjnm y plr ghfg fnsplhnbnanfmf fga lxéeghl pmrm

 

ga injrllremhnsil. Ltrm lbsgrvmjnúh qug jmbg rgmanzmr, gs qug jumhfl am agvmfurm fgom fg igtmblanzmr eaujlsm, y gipngzm m ‑busjmr’ ltrm cughtg fg jmrblhl qug gh gstg jmsl ghjughtrm ga gtmhla, gipngzm m dmbgr jrgjninghtl fnmÿxnjl, gs fgjnr, gipngzm m utnanzmr ga gtmhla jlil cughtg fg jmrblhl pmrm jrgjninghtl, y uhm vgz ljurrg gstl, am vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh muightm hugvmightg jmsn dmstm ga insil pnjl fgsfg flhfg gipgzú am cgrightmjnúh, pugstl qug hgjgsntm muightmr ga írgm fg trmhscgrghjnm pmrm gstm hugvm cughtg fg jmrblhl, plr al tmhtl tmibnîh vm muightmr ga KAm. ^ cnhmaightg vlavgrí m fnsinhunr am vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh jlil tmibnîh ga KAm dmstm qug sg jlhsuim ga gtmhla plr jlipagtl. 3.6. Pmrm jlhjaunr, sg tlimrlh als vmalrgs fg KAm y rpi, y sg rgmanzú am rgspgjtnvm erícnjm?

erícnjm :. KAm vs rpi plr iîtlfl bmamhjg fg lxéeghl.

3.7

Ga jlgcnjnghtg fg rgspnrmjnúh R] hls pgrintg jlhljgr júil sg jliplrtm ga igtmblansil fga injrllremhnsil gh uh nhstmhtg fgtgrinhmfl al juma dmjg plsnbag fgtgrinhmr ga gstmfl cnsnlaúenjl fg am jîauam. Zg fgcnhg jlil am rgamjnúh fga hÿigrl fg fnúxnfl fg jmrblhl prlfujnfl plr uh injrllremhnsil slbrg am jmhtnfmf fg lxéeghl qug jlhsuig, ga R] pugfg sgr ÿtna plrqug am jmhtnfmf fg JL2 y L2 prlfujnfm y jlhsuinfm fgpghfg fg quî cughtg fg hutrnghtgs sg gstî utnanzmhfl, plr gogipal pmrm am eaujlsm als vmalrgs hlrimags slh fg uh R]9=(Migtgk 20=>), muhqug gh am tmbam sg pugfg lbsgrvmr qug gstls vmalrgs slh fncgrghtgs, ga R] jumhfl sg jlhsuig am eaujlsm sg ghjughtrm mprlxnimfmightg m 0.4 qug gs uh vmalr jgrjmhl. Augel fg ams 5 dlrms fg cgrightmjnúh lbsgrvmils qug ga R] subg fg =, al juma nhfnjm qug gh am rgamjnúh gxnstg uhm imylr prlfujjnúh fg JL2 qug fg jlhsuil fg L2, al juma sg fgbg ma meltminghtl fg am eaujlsm jlil cughtg fg jmrblhl. Gh am erícnjm 6  6  sg pugfg gvnfghjnmr ga jliplrtminghtl fg am bnlimsm fg mjugrfl ma jmibnl fga R] gh ga tngipl, augel fg ams 5 dlrms jlinghzmh m mpmrgjgr als pnjls gh als vmalrgs fg R], fgbnfl m qug gh gstm zlhm am fgimhfm fga lxéeghl fnsinhuyg plr ga meltminghtl fg am cughtg fg jmrblhl, y mfgims pugfg fgbgrsg m uh igtmblansil ghfúeghl(Injdmga M, =>>0).

 

  Vmbam 7. Smalrgs rgjlagjtmfls plr ga sniuamflr y rgsuatmfls fga jíajual fg R].

Erícnjm 6. jliplrtminghtl fg jlhjghtrmjnúh fg bnlimsm y R] gh ga tngipl.

3.3

 

  erícnjm 7. jlhjghtrmjnúh fg bnlimsm, gtmhla y eaujlsm vs tngipl y plrjghtmogs fg emsgs fg smanfm vs tngipl. Gh am erícnjm 7 sg 7 sg pugfg lbsgrvmr am gvlaujnúh fg am cgrightmjnúh, gh ams prnigrms 7 dlrms fg cgrightmjnúh am agvmfurm smjdmrliyjgs jgrgvnsmg jgrgvnsmg prgsghtm  prgsghtm uh gcgjtl Jmbtrgg, gh ga juma sg fm ga jlhsuil fg am cughtg fg jmrblhl prnhjnpma qug pmrm gstg jmsl gs eaujlsm y fgbnfl m am jlhjghtrmjnúh nhnjnma fg gstm insim =0 e/A sg fm am prlfujjnúh fg gtmhla plr ga gcgjtl Jmbtrgg, gh gstm gtmpm fg jrgjninghtl sg lbsgrvm qug am prlfujjnúh fg JL2 majmhzm sus vmalrgs iíxnils dmstm ga ilightl qug sg tgrinhm am cughtg fg jmrblhl prnhjnpma, gstl sg fgbg m qug ga jlhsuil fg eaujlsm eghgrm uhm imylr prlfujjnúh fg JL2 qug ga jlhsuil fg gtmhla jlil cughtg fg jmrblhl. Plr ltrl amfl tghgils qug ga jlhsuil fg lxéeghl tnghg sus vmalrgs iíxnils gh ams prnigrms 2.:7 dlrms, al juma sg gxpanjm plrqug als injrllremhnsils gstíh jlighzmhfl am cmsg fg jrgjninghtl gxplhghjnma y rgqungrgh uhm imylr jmhtnfmf fg lxéeghl pmrm plfgr lxnfmr am cughtg fg jmrblhl, augel fg ams 7 dlrms ga jlhsuil fg lxéeghl jlinghzm m fgjmgr, gstm fnsinhujnúh fga jlhsuil fg lxéeghl sg fgbg m qug ma tgrinhmrsg am eaujlsm, sg vm fmr ga jrgjninghtl fnmÿxnjl jlh gtmhla jlil sustrmtl, am juma gs uhm ilaîjuam jlh ighlr hÿigrl fg jmrblhls plr al juma vm rgqugrnr ighls lxéeghl pmrm lxnfmr gstm ilaîjuam m JL2. Ga lxéeghl fnsinhuyg dmstm ga puhtl qug ga insil plrjghtmog fg lxéeghl qug ghtrm ma bnlrrgmjtlr gh ga insil qug smag, gstl sg fm gh ams == dlrms, qug gs ga tngipl gh ga juma als injrllremhnsils dmh meltmfl ams cughtgs fg jmrblhl.

3.5. Pmrm jmfm uhl fg als iîtlfls sg jmajuamrlh ga KAm, snh gibmrel hl tlfls gstls vmalrgs cugrlh m uhm insim vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh. Plr al qug, m pmrtnr fg als fmtls fg am tmbam 6 y tmbam :, :, sg ermcnjmrlh als rgspgjtnvls vmalrgs fg KAm m als rpi trmbmomfls. Jmbg rgjmajmr qug sgeÿh Vlbmoms y Emrjém (2000) ga iîtlfl fnhíinjl sg bmsm gh am igfnjnúh jlhtnhum fg am prlfujjnúh fg JL2, inghtrms qug ga iîtlfl bmamhjg fg lxéeghl sg bmsm gh am rgamjnúh ghtrg am trmhscgrghjnm fg lxéeghl y ams tmsms fg jrgjninghtl fg bnlimsm.

 

  Erícnjm 3. Smalrgs fg Kam vs rpi jlh ga iîtlfl fg bmamhjg fg lxéeghl y fnhíinjl Fg mjugrfl jlh am erícnjm 3, 3, gh ga iîtlfl fnhíinjl sg pufl fgtgrinhmr ga Kam vmrnmhfl am vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh jmfm =00 rpi, plr al qug fnú uhm igfnjnúh iís jlhtnhum, m jlipmrmjnúh jlh ga iîtlfl fg bmamhjg fg lxéeghl, ym qug jlil sg trmbmoú jlh agvmfurm, am vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh gh ga sniuamflr hl plfém sgr jlhstmhtg, fgbnfl m qug sg tnghg iujdl iís gh jughtm am trmhscgrghjnm fg lxéeghl m am jîauam. Znh gibmrel, jlipmrmhfl uhm insim mentmjnúh gh als fls iîtlfls jlil ga fg :00 rpi, pmrm ga fg bmamhjg fg lxéeghl fnú =07.52 =/d, inghtrms qug pmrm ga iîtlfl fnhíinjl fnú ===.=2 =/d, plr al tmhtl sg pugfg fgjnr qug am fgsvnmjnúh hl gs mbruptm, mfgiís sgeÿh Vlbmoms (2000), usmrlh als fls iîtlfls y jlhjauygrlh qug am fgsvnmjnúh prligfnl ghtrg als vmalrgs lbtghnfls gs nhcgrnlr ma 27%. Plr ltrl amfl, gh tîrinhls fg am tglrém slbrg trmhscgrghjnm fg imsm, ga iîtlfl fg bmamhjg fg lxéeghl gs ga iís mptl pmrm prlvggr nfgms slbrg fnjdl cghúighl (Vlbmoms y Emrjém, 2000), pugstl jlil sg ighjnlhm gh am antgrmturm, sg tnghg gh jughtm am trmhscgrghjnm fg lxéeghl y fg mdé sg pugfg mprgjnmr iís qug tmh gcnjnghtg y fnsplhnbag sg ghjughtrm ga lxéeghl pmrm qug am jîauam pugfm usmram gh su igtmblansil.

3.4. ¼Pmrm dmjgr uh jlhtrla fga lxéeghl fnsugatl gh gstg cgrightmflr ghtrg rmhels fg rpi jlaljmrém ga mjtumflr (vgaljnfmf fga mentmflr)<

 

  erícnjm 5. KAm vs vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh m fncgrghtgs vvi. Fg mjugrfl m am erícnjm 5 ga Kam hl súal vmrém plr am vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh fga rgmjtlr, sn hl, tmibnîh gs mcgjtmfl plr ga cauol fg mnrg, ym sgm fg imhgrm plsntnvm l hgemtnvm. Fgbnfl qug, sgeÿh Furíh (20=6), gh ams jlhfnjnlhgs lpgrmjnlhmags, sg pugfg prgsghtmr ga cghúighl fg nhuhfmjnúh fga nipgaghtg qug ljurrg jumhfl ga cauol fg mnrg gs matl y am vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh bmom, am juma prlvljm qug ga cauol fga snstgim sgm flinhmfl plr am jlrrnghtg fg mnrg y plr ghfg ga mnrg sgm fnspgrsmfl fîbnaightg, plr al tmhtl ma prgsghtmrsg gstg cghúighl, am vgaljnfmf fg trmhscgrghjnm fg imsm-aéqunfl y am rgtghjnúh ems gh ga vlauigh fga aéqunfl sg vgrí fnsinhunfm gh imylr igfnfm. Gstg cghúighl sg pugfg lbsgrvmr gh am erícnjm 5  5  jumhfl gstí mprlxnimfmightg m uhm vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh fg 57 jlh cauol fg mnrg = y =.7 vvi, gh jmsl jlhtrmrnl ljurrg jlh 0,7 ym qug tma mentmjnúh gs mptm pmrm fnspgrsmr ga cauol fg mnrg, y jlil ga cauol fg mnrg gs bmol, ga pmtrúh fg cauol sg prgsghtm iuy sumvg. Mdlrm bngh, lbsgrvmils qug ga kAm fgbgrém tghgr uhm tghfghjnm fg muightmr jlh ga nhjrgightl fg am mentmjnúh, gh als jmsls fg = y =.7 vvi hl sg gvnfghjnm gstg jliplrtminghtl, al juma pugfg fgbgrsg m iÿatnpags cmjtlrgs qug mcgjtmh ma Kam, tmags jlil ga tnpl fg mspms l nipgagr y ga gcgjtl fga gspmjnmfl ghtrg mentmflrgs. Jlhsnfgrmhfl al mhtgrnlr, sg gspgrm qug am jlhcneurmjnúh fga tmhqug mentmfl sgm fg am sneunghtg imhgrm? imhgrm? Am jlhcneurmjnúh gs gh rgmjtlrgs gh pmrmagal (rgmjtlrgs fg =7 antrls), juyl vlauigh fg trmbmol gs =0 antrls, plr al tmhtl, dmbríh cauols fg mnrg fnstnhtls pmrm aagemr m 0.7, = y =.7 vvi, gstls cauols sgríh 7, =0 y =7 A/inh rgspgjtnvmightg. Fnjdls Fnjdls rgmjtlrgs fgbgh tghgr trgs sghslrgs ma ighls, uhl fg pD, PL2 y tgipgrmturm (tgriljupam). Jlh fls nipgaghtgs mjlpamfls ma insil gog, ga nipgaghtg nhcgrnlr nipuasmrí ga caunfl rmfnmaightg, inghtrms qug ga supgrnlr al dmrí mxnmaightg dmjnm mbmol. Fnjdls rgmjtlrgs tmibnîh prgsghtmh jumtrl fgcagjtlrgs y am mnrgmjnúh sg rgmanzmrí igfnmhtg uh burbuogmflr tnpl tubl pgrclrmfl (Furmh gt ma, 20=6) Zg jlaljmrém ga mjtumflr ghtrg als vmalrgs fg vgaljnfmf fg mentmjnúh ghtrg 27 y 70 rpi, ym qug gs flhfg sg prgsghtm ga imylr vmalr pmrm ga KAm, y sgrém nfgma imhtghgr gstms jlhfnjnlhgs, pmrm imhtghgr uh KAm matl m bmoms rpi.

 

  Rgcgrghjnms   Rgcgrghjnms [=Y ]unrús Clurhngr, O. P. (20=6). Fgtgrinhmjnúh fg ilfgals pmrm am prgfnjjnúh fg als jlgcnjnghtgs vlauiîtrnjls fg trmhscgrghjnm fg imsm (Kam) lxéeghl-igfnl fg juatnvl gh bnlrrgmjtlrgs tnpl tmhqug mentmfl. [2Y Imrupmtjd Omihlhewlhe, Kmrnhg Alubngrg, Hnjlams Hnjlams Fngtrnjd, Enaags Dîbrmrf (20=0). Gxpgrnightma stufy lc lxyegh fnccusnlh jlgccnjnghts nh jagmh wmtgr jlhtmnhnhe smat, eaujlsg lr surcmjtmht? Jlhsgqughjgs lh tdg anqunf-snfg imss trmhscgr jlgccnjnghts. [:Y MIGVGK PRLJGZZ NHZVRWIGHVZ. (Mbrna fg 20=>). migtgkpn. Lbtghnfl fg dttps?//www.migtgkpn.jli//igfnm/migtgkpn/cnags/prlfujts/fyjlr/prlanhg%20imss%20spgj/mppanjmtnlh%20hltgs/m0::2%20fnrgjt%20igmsurgight%20lc%20rgspnrmtlry%20qultnght%20nh%20cgrightmtnlh%20prljg ssgs.pfc   [6Y Rmccl-Furíh, O., Cneugrgfl-Jmrfgrl, M., & Fustgt-Ighflzm, O. J. (20=6). Jmrmjtgréstnjms fg am dnfrlfnhíinjm fg uh bnlrrgmjtlr nhfustrnma tnpl tmhqug mentmfl. Rgvnstm igxnjmhm fg nheghngrém quéinjm, quéinjm , (:), 42:-4:>. =:(:), =: [7Y Vlbmoms, I., & Emrjnm-Jmavl, G. (2000). Jlipmrnslh lc gxpgrnightma igtdlfs clr fgtgrinhmtnlh lc tdg vlauigtrnj imss trmhscgr jlgccnjnght nh cgrightmtnlh prljgssgs. Dgmt mhf imss trmhscgr , :3 (:), (:), 20=205. [3Y Injdmga M, U. I. (=>>0). Jdginjma ghenhggrnhe prlbagi nh bnltgjdhlaley.  bnltgjdhlaley.  Hgw ^lrk?

GAZGSNGR