PPT KATARAK KONGENITAL

REFERAT

KATARAK KONGENITAL Oleh: Eka Aprillia Arum Kanti 0818011017 Pembimbing: dr. Junita Shara Sp.M

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Katarak adalah perubahan lensa mata yang sebelumnya jernih dan tembus cahaya menjadi keruh Dimana tidak bisa melihat dengan jelas karena dengan lensa yang keruh cahaya sulit mencapai retina dan akan menghasilkan bayangan yang kabur pada retina.

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Katarak kongenital adalah katarak yang mulai terjadi sebelum atau segera setelah kelahiran kela hiran dan bayi yang berusia kurang dari satu tahun, dapat timbul pada satu atau kedua mata

Sebuah katarak disebut kongenital bila ada saat lahir Dikenal juga sebagai “infantile cataract ” jika

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Etiologi 

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Herediter (isolated – tanpa dihubungkan dengan kelainan kelainan mata atau sistemik) Herediter yang dihubungkan dengan kelainan sistemik dan sindrom multisistem Infeksi Obat-obatan prenatal (intra-uterine (intra-uterine))

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Klasifikasi 

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Katarak Lamellar atau Zonular - Umumya diturunkan secara genetik - Secara klinis tampak sebagai lapisan yang keruh yang mengelilingi daerah yang jernih dan dikelilingi korteks yang  jernih juga Katarak Polar - Kekeruhan lensa yang meliputi korteks subkapsular dan

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Katarak Sutural / Stellate - Kekeruhan pada bentuk Y-sutures atau inverted-Y pada nukleus fetal - Biasanya tidak menyebabkan gangguan penglihatan Katarak Coronary - Terdiri dari sekelompok club-shaped opacities pada korteks yang tersusun disekitar ekuator lensa seperti mahkota atau korona - terlihat saat pupil dilatasi dan biasanya tidak mempengaruhi ketajaman penglihatan

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Katarak Nuklear - Kekeruhan dapat hanya terjadi pada nukleus embrional saja atau pada nukelus embrional dan fetal dan fetal nuclei - Biasanya bersifat bilateral dengan spektrum tingkat keparahan yang luas

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Katarak Membranosa - Dimana terjadi absorbsi protein lensa yang utuh maupun tidak, menyebabkan kapsul anterior dan posterior menyatu menjadi dense white membrane -Menimbulkan gangguan penglihatan yang

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Diagnosis Seharusnya dilakukan pemeriksaan mata pada seluruh bayi baru lahir sebagai skrinning, yaitu :

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Anamnesa Diperlukan anamnesa yang detail tentang hambatan tumbuh kembang anak, pola makan anak, lesi-lesi kulit, kelainan-kelainan perkembangan yang lain serta riwayat keluarga di dalam mendiagnosa katarak kongenital Fungsi Visual Visual

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Diagnosis Banding 

Retinoblastoma (11% unilateral dan 7% Retinoblastoma bilateral)

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