Power Transmission IOE Ppt

July 26, 2017 | Author: Er. Satya Narayan Shah | Category: Transmission (Mechanics), Clutch, Manual Transmission, Gear, Automatic Transmission
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Transmission system as applied in construction equipment....

Description

POWER TRANSMISSION

The Beginning 2

Driver … …

Pedal

Driver pushes on Pedal to move vehicle He is more concern about smooth cruising g i.e.. Best output Er. Satya Narayan Shah

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Where Does the Force Come From? 3

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Engine g produces p some torque, q , at a speed p

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Power- the rate at which work is done: † Power

is Force times Velocity (linear)

† Power

is Torque q times Rotational Speed p (rotary) ( y)

Power = (Force)(Velocity ) = (F)(V )

Power = (Torque )(RotationalSpeed ) = (T )(ω) Er. Satya Narayan Shah

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Where Does the Force Come From? 4

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Power owe iss conserved: co se ved:

Pengine = Ptrans = Paxle = Pvehicle

POWER IS ABSOLUTE …

Torque is relative (depends on gear ratio) Ignoring Losses, of Course

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WHAT IS POWERTRAIN MATCHING ? 5

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Selecting g the right g engine g and gearing g g for a given g application pp Not just performance, but giving the driver the expected response to pedal inputs Transmission shift schedules as fuel economy heavily impacted in automotive applications. Powertrain Matching makes best use of your engine potential † Torque & Power shaping can give optimal performance for a given set of gearing † Optimal gearing can make your car faster for no changes in engine performance Er. Satya Narayan Shah

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DRIVE TRAIN 7

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POWER TRAIN SYSTEM … …

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(1) Front driveshaft (2) Output transfer gearbox (3) Transmission (4) Upper driveshaft (5) Torque converter updrive transfer gears (6) Torque converter (7) Engine (8) Front differential (9) Front final drives (10) Centre bearing (11) Centre driveshaft (12) Rear driveshaft (13) Rear differential (14) Rear final drives

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Clutches Connects /disconnects Engine crankshaft to the transmission (gear box) Change of gears can not be smoothh when h the h engine i iis di directly l connected with the transmission. T Transmits it the th power to t the th road d wheels smoothly

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Clutches 10

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Friction clutches are design to absorb energy during slippage. Virtually all vehicle clutches are springloaded friction disks. disks The torque transmission capacity of a clutch can be estimated as,

Tc = fFc rm ns …

where, Tc is the torque capacity, f is the friction coefficient, coefficient Fc is clamping force of clutch, rm is the mean radius of the clutch, and ns is the number of friction surfaces.

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Clutch should 12

Consume minimum physical effort Be free from slip Wearing surface should have long life Be provided a suitable mechanism for damping of vibration and elimination of noise Main parts of clutch Pressure p plate:- It p presses the driven plate p against g the flywheel Driven plate:- Is provided with annular facings and spring cushioned hub Er. Satya Narayan Shah

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Types of clutch The mostly used clutch is the friction type of following types Cone clutch: is only used in the synchromesh units of gear  boxes and sometimes in epicyclical  gear boxes p y g Single plate clutch:‐ Mostly used in cars and trucks Multi‐plate clutch:‐ Mostly used in motorcycles, tractors and  mostly construction equipment. This type of clutch is mostly mostly construction equipment. This type of clutch is mostly  used where high torque to be transmitted and limited space  available Centrifugal clutch g Free wheel clutch or one way clutch Band type clutch  Overrunning Clutch Overrunning Clutch Electrical clutch Jump Clutch 12 January 2010

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Hydrodynamics drive system 22

Hydrodynamic drive system includes fluid coupling or Torque converter. This system possesses low pressure and high velocity of hydraulic flow. Fluid coupling: coupling:It is a hydraulic unit that replaces clutch in a semi or fully automatic system and transmits engine torque to transmission system t It consists of driving unit called impeller and driven unit called turbine. Power flows through liquid instead of mechanical device . Maximum efficiency is unity Fluid coupling always slips by about 2 to 4 % when transmitting u load oad full Er. Satya Narayan Shah

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Advantages of fluid coupling 25

Smoothen transmission of power from engine to transmission Eli i i off clutch Elimination l h plate l Damping of the torsional vibration of the crankshaft During braking or down hill, the transmission shocks are absorbed by the fluid Er. Satya Narayan Shah

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Torque Convertor 26

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Torque q Convertor 27

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Torque converter basic operation 32

Coupling stage:- Turbine is rotating at 90 % of the impeller speed d Fluid from the turbine strikes the convex side of the stator blade causing it to overrun Coupling stage will be high when acceleration is not required and the equipment is cruising At this p point the torque q converter is acting g like a fluid clutch The impeller is rotating at engine speed, the turbine is stationary and the stator is locked against rotation As engine speed increases impeller speed accelerates increasing vertex flow The vertex flow strikes the turbine blades and diverted around the curvature and strikes to the concave side of the stator Er. Satya Narayan Shah

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Advantages of torque converter 33

Torque converter is the fluid clutch used in the automatic transmission of the construction equipment It multiplies the torque Smoothes out the transfer of engine torque to the transmission Acts as cushion between the engine and transmission D Dampens vibrations ib ti Virtually wear free Er. Satya Narayan Shah

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Types yp of Transmissions 35

Sliding Gear … Constant-Mesh Co s a Mes … Synchromesh … Powershift … Hydrokinetic H d ki i …

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Mechanical transmission 36

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The engine Th i power is i ttransmitted itt d tto th the wheels h l off equipment through mechanical arrangements. It is achieved by gear mechanisms in manual gearbox Mostly this system is found in vehicles, trucks and light construction equipment

Depending on the no. of gear for forward speeds and reverse gear, power flows takes place in manual transmission system T Types off gear boxe b 1. Sliding mesh type 2. Constant mesh type 3. Synchromesh type Er. Satya Narayan Shah

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Mechanical transmission 37

Sliding mesh type:- is oldest and simplest, meshing of gears takes place by sliding of gears on each other. Consists of main shaft, countershaft and idler gear shaft for reverse speed Constant mesh type yp :- In this g gearbox all the gears g mesh with each other all the time. Gear changing is made easier by helical gear. The primary shaft which carries the clutch is splined p and carries a gear g that mesh with gears g on the layshaft gear Synchromesh gearbox:- Use synchromesh gear devices on the principle of engagement of two matting gears in motion and equalizes their speed with readily and smoothly and the devices used is synchronizer ring. Er. Satya Narayan Shah

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Gear Design g 38

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Spur or helical gears are meshed between parallel shafts. Spur gears have teeth that are parallel to the shafts, while helical g gear teeth are angled g with respect p to the shafts. Helical gears continually transfer the load from one gear to the other. Gear teeth typically have a tooth profile that is “involute” (generated by unwrapping a string from a cylinder). Constant involute profiles generate constant angular velocities. Er. Satya Narayan Shah

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The Planetary Gear combinations provide 5 basic b i operations i 59

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Gear Reduction … …

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Overdrive … …

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Position-I Carrier is held; Ring gear-input Position-II Carrier is held; Sun gear-input

Direct Drive … …

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Position-I P i i I Ri Ring gear is i held; h ld Carrier-input C i i Position-II Sun gear is held; Carrier-input

Reverse …

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Position-I P iti I SSun gear iis held; h ld Ring Ri gear -input i t Position-II Ring gear is held; Sun gear -input

Entire planetary unit works as single unit At a time Two units –input; one out put

Neutral …

When no unit is held Er. Satya Narayan Shah

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Powershift Transmissions 60

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Can be shifted with virtually no interruption in power. Types of powershift transmissions: a) countershaft, and b) planetary. Hydraulic pressure is utilized to actuate the clutches.

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Fig. 12.10a Countershaft Powershift Transmission (Hi/Lo / Shift) f 68

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Hi/Lo / Powershift 69

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When neither clutch is engaged, transmission is in neutral. When left clutch is engaged, output shaft turns slower than input. When right clutch is engaged, output shaft turns the same speed as the input. When both clutches are engaged, transmission is in ‘Park.” Er. Satya Narayan Shah

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Fig. 12.10b Countershaft Powershift Transmission (Reverser) 70

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Reverser Powershift 71

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When neither Wh i h clutch l h iis engaged, d transmission i i iis in neutral. When left clutch is engaged, engaged output shaft turns opposite direction of the input. When right clutch is engaged, output shaft turns the same direction as the input. When both clutches are engaged, g g transmission is in ‘Park.”

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Compound Planetary Transmissions 72

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Contains two set of different size planets, one meshing with the sun and the second meshing with the ring g gear. g May also include two sun and/or two ring gears.

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Hydrostatic transmission system 73

Basic p power train of hydrostatic y system y Actuator Engine

Hydraulic pump

Control valve

Basic p power flow in hydrostatic y drive system y Like in hydraulic excavator

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Travel motor

Swing motor

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