Power systems tesx preoicedure

FOR INTERNAL CIRCULATION ONLY DOC. NO. : D-2-03-20-02-01

TESTING PROCEDURE FOR TRANSMISSION SYSTEM PROTECTION SCHEMES VOLUME-II

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED CORPORATE OPERATION SERVICES MAY-2010

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Page 1 of 344

NAME OF RELAY 7SA513 7SA522 7SJ62 7UT613 9505 V3 (BPL-PLCC) D-60 DAD-N DUOBIAS EPAC ETL-41 MICOM-WIN MICOM-DOS MICOM P663/632 MICOM P141 MICOM P441 NSD-61 OHMEGA OPTIMHO PXLN RAZOA REB-103 REB 500 REF-STABILITY REL-100 REL-511 REL-521 REL-531 REL-670 RET-670 REZ SEL-321 SEL-421 T-60 ZTCM

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7SA522

Testing Procedure for 7SA522 7SA522 is a complete solution to Protection of a Transmission Line. Generally we are using following features: 1. Distance Protection comprising Five Independent Zones. 2. Over Voltage Stage I & II. 3. Power Swing Detection, Blocking / Tripping. 4. Switch On to Fault (SOTF). 5. Stub Protection (Applicable in 4 CT schemes). 6. Directional Earth Fault (DEF). 7. Fuse Failure. 8. Fault Locator. Also this relay is having in-built Disturbance Recorder having capacity to store 8 Recordings.

Detail of Relay under Test: 1. DC Input Voltage – 220V 2. CT Terminals - Terminals of Test Handle as per Scheme. 3. CVT Terminals - Terminals of Test Handle as per Scheme.

Testing Instruments Required: 1. RELAY TEST KIT make Automatic Relay Test Kit with Laptop. 2. Testing Leads 3. Digital Multi meter 4. Screw driver Set 5. Test Handle as per the Relay Panel Scheme

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7SA522

Test Connections: 1. Insert RTXP18 Test Handle in the Relay Test Block. 2. Connect Current Output of the Test Kit to the Test Handle at Terminals as per scheme in sequence of R, Y, B and N respectively. 3. Connect Voltage Output of the Test Kit to the Test Handle at Terminals as per scheme in sequence of R, Y, B and N respectively. 4. Connect General Trip Output of the Relay as feedback to the Test Kit in Logic Input (generally Input 1) of the Relay Test Kit. 5. Connect Laptop of the Testing kit with Relay Test Kit through the suitable communication cable to the suitable port. 6. Connect 15A Single Phase AC Supply cable to the suitable 15A Power Socket. 7. Note: Before connecting supply Cable, check the grounding of the Power Socket.

Preparing the Relay Characteristic and Importing it in the Software: 1. Export “.rio” file from Digsi 4.82 Software and import it in the Test Software. 2. Add a new Location by Right Clicking and select append then name it as Line Name. 3. Open the Location and add the relay by appending and give Relay Name as Main I / Main II, Serial No. as per actual, Manufacturer Siemens and Model as 7SA522. 4. Open the Relay, Click on Relay parameters Tab and import the “.rio”. Then Click on Test Plan tab and add the required Test by appending e.g. Reach Test. 5. Open the Test and append it as suitable Test name and give Test Type as required. 6. Now the Relay Testing Software is ready for Relay Testing. 7. If due to any reason “.rio” file is not available then the testing has to be performed in manual shot mode.

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7SA522

Testing Procedure for Reach Test: 1. Open the Software and go into the Test. 2. Then in Test Elements, Select Function Name as the imported “.rio”. 3. Select Zones for Ph-N and Ph-Ph Fault Loops. 4. Go in Test Configuration, Select Test Method as Constant Current, fix Desired Test Current as 1A and Max acceptable Voltage as 90% of the rating, CT direction as Towards Line (the voltage & current values are decided from Zone reaches and maximum ratings of relays). The Test Method can also be selected as Constant Source Impedance if applicable, then Put Source Impedance as 20Ohms and Line Angle as 85 Deg, CT direction as Towards Line. 5. Go in Test Timing and Trigger Selection, Set Pre fault as 1000ms, Max Fault should be kept more than Zone 3 Timing and Time between Shots as 200ms. 6. Also Select Trigger as Input 1 for all type fault loops. 7. Select Source Configuration as Three Voltages and Three Currents. 8. Go in Test Points, Add Test Points by Double Clicking on the Boundary of each Zone to be tested for Ph-N and Ph-Ph fault Types. 9. Go in Test, select Multi Point Shots and fault Type whichever to be tested. Then Click on Play Button. 10. Now the Software will perform the Reach Test of the Relay as per Points added. 11. After Completion of the test, Click on save Button for saving the Test Results. 12. Go in Reports Tab, Click on Preview Button and Export it in the suitable format and save it. 13. If doing manual testing in shot mode, then determine the zone reaches by applying faults near zone boundaries and then observing the relay performance (operating time etc.) through its contact used for feedback to the kit. This has to be done for all fault loops (RN, YN, BN,RY, YB, BR) and all zones (Z1,Z2,Z3 & Rev.Z4/5).

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7SA522

Testing of Carrier Send Feature: 1. Connect Multi meter across Carrier Send Contacts of the Relay as per Relay Scheme in DC Mode. 220V will appear on Multi meter. 2. Give Zone I Fault through Test Kit. 3. See the Voltage in the Multi meter, it will show Zero Voltage at the time fault momentarily. 4. Also see the Disturbance Recorded in the DR for the Carrier Send Event. Similarly, the counter increment in PLCC panel can also be observed. Further, if the PLCC panel can be put in loop back mode (through Dummy Load), then after applying Zone I Fault through Test Kit, pickup of carrier receive Relay/ ‘Opto’ can also be observed.

Testing of Carrier Added Trip Feature: 1. Short the Carrier Receive Terminals on the relay as per Relay Scheme and give Zone-IB fault. 2. In this case Relay should give tripping in slightly more than Zone-I timing (actual time is of the order of 50-60ms), but it should be much less than Zone-2 time. 3. Also see the Disturbance Recorded in the DR for the Carrier Aided Tripping. Similarly, the counter increment in PLCC panel can also be observed.

Testing of Fault Locator Feature: 1. Give the Ph-N and Ph-Ph fault at approximately at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of Line Length. 2. Check for the Fault Location in the Local HMI of the Relay. 3. This Distance should match with the Theoretical Value.

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7SA522

Testing of External A/R feature in connection with 7SA522: 1. Close Main and Tie Circuit Breakers and ensure that there is no blocking present for Auto Reclose Operation. 2. Give Ph-Earth Fault in Zone-I and observe the following in Yard and through DR: i.

Tripping of the particular CB Pole in which the fault has been given.

ii. Reclosing of the particular pole of Main Circuit Breaker after completion of Dead Time. iii. Reclosing of the particular pole of Tie Circuit Breaker after successful reclosing of Main Circuit Breaker. iv.

Give another Ph-Earth fault in Zone-I within Reclaim Time (generally kept as 25 Sec), now Auto Reclose Relay will give Three Phase Tripping to Both Main and Tie Circuit Breakers.

3

Give Ph-Ph Fault, in this case 7SA522 will give Blocking Command to A/R Relay and A/R Relay will give Three Phase Tripping. The same has to be confirmed from Yard and Disturbance Recorder also.

Testing of Fuse Failure Feature: 1. See the setting for voltage & current setting for fuse fail. Let us take both setting of 3Uo & 3Io of set value. 2. Open the Software test tool in Relay Test Kit software. Set R &Y voltage as 63.5 V and B as 0.0V. Set all the three phase current as 0.2 A. 3. Apply value to the relay. The relay should sense it as: Fuse fail” This can be confirmed from HMI. a. Testing can also be performed automatically in State Sequencer mode. The steps of state sequencer are i. Step 1-Healthy system 1

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7SA522

ii. Step 2-Fuse fail condition, whereas one voltage is stepped to zero volt for long enough time for fuse fail function of relay to pick up. iii. Step 3- Simulate an earth fault on same phase to verify that fuse fail function BLOCK the trip signal. iv. Step 4- Healthy system 2 that is exactly the same as step 1, use to reset fuse fail state. v. Step 5- Simulate an earth fault condition same as step 3 on same phase. This time relay should trip as no fuse fail condition exist.

Testing of Over Voltage Stage I and Stage II Feature: Generally over Voltage setting in any Relay is kept as 110% of the base value for Stage I with time delay of 5 Sec and 150% of the Base Value with no delay for Stage II. 1. Open Test Software and add a Ramp Function, make all the three phase voltage as 63.5V and increase voltage in any of the phase in the step of 0.5V and wait for more than 5 sec and see at what point relay is giving the tripping. It should give tripping after the voltage crosses the mark of 69.5V for Stage I of the Over Voltage. Afterwards, for determining actual pickup, fine increments (0.1 V) can be applied, starting from say 69 Volts. 2. Confirm for the same through the DR option in Local HMI of the relay. 3. Same process has to be repeated for all the three phases. 4. The reset ratio (drop off/ pick up value) is also to be checked for Over Voltage stage-1, by recording of drop off value. It should be of the order of 0.99. 5. Now to test Over Voltage Stage II, the steps will remain same as above, only applied Voltage will be 150 % of the Base Value i.e. 95.25 and the tripping should be instantaneous.

Testing of Stub Feature (Applicable for 4CT scheme): This feature gets activated only when Line Isolator Status is coming as open to the Relay. order to test this feature following has to be done:-

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7SA522

Open Test Software, add a ramp function in the relay, make all the three voltages as Zero and select Ramp Type as Current and set IA, IB and IC as action and Voltage as Zero. 1. Make Offset Current as 0.5A and Delta Current as 0.05A and Current limit as 1.1A

(considering 1 A setting, i.e. max. limit of ramp is 110% of pick up value).. 2. Click the Play button and see the Actual Current at which Relay is giving tripping. 3. This also has to be confirmed by the DR in Local HMI of the Relay.

Testing of Switch on to Fault (SOTF) Feature: 1. Open Test Software, add a ramp function in the relay, make Va as 0 and increase the value Ia up to 2.5A. 2. Make Offset Current as 2.0A and Delta Current as 0.05A and Current limit as 2.6A. 3. Click the Play button and see the Actual Current at which Relay is giving tripping. 4. This also has to be confirmed by the DR in Local HMI of the Relay. 5. Alternately, make pre-fault time as zero & then apply one zone-2 fault and relay should operate instantaneously in SOTF. For this Fuse Failure feature is not required to be kept as OFF.

Testing of Directional Earth Fault (DEF) Feature: 1. Open Control Panel; make any R, Y Voltage as Base Voltage and B as 40% of Base Voltage and Current in R, Y phase as 0.5A and B phase current as >=20% of Base Value. 2. Now set Phase Angle between Vb and Ib as +20 Deg to -150Deg (this has to be calculated on the basis of RCA here taken as 65 Deg). 3. Now click on play button and calculate the trip time with the help of timer. 4. Now repeat the procedure increasing value of current.

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7SA522

5. Repeat the above steps 1 to 4 for other two phases. 6. The results thus obtained should follow Normal Inverse Curve.

Testing of Power Swing Block (PSB) Feature: 1. Open Test Software, add a State Simulation Characteristic in the Relay. Open Relay ramp function in the relay, Set all the three phase voltages as Action V and set all the three currents as 1 amp. Select ramp as two step. Set initial value of voltage such as (V/I) value should start from greater value than Z-3 settings. For 7SA522 relay decrement of voltage to be set as 0.025V and delta time to be set as 2ms( the impedance locus should move from load area to relay characteristic very slowly). The minimum value of voltage in step 1 should be such that it should not enter to Zone 1 impedance setting. In the step 2 increment of voltage to be set as 0.025V and time as 2ms up to the set value as per step one. 2. Now, run the test and verify with the DR and LED indication of the relay.

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7SJ62

TESTING PROCEDURE FOR BACKUP DIERCTIONAL OVERCURRENT RELAY 7SJ62

1. Testing instruments required (i) Automatic Relay Test Kit with Laptop (ii) Serial cable for communication of Laptop with relay (iii)Testing Leads- 09 nos (iv) Test Plugs(v) CT Shorting Leads 2 sets(For shorting of incoming CT cores ) (vi) Digital multi meter (vii) Screw driver (viii) Power supply point

2. Preliminary Checks (i) All the connecting leads used for CT shorting are to be tested for continuity before using.

3. Taking Relay out of service and Isolation of CT & CVT inputs (i) Connect the Laptop with relay and make the relay online. Switch Off the function directional phase and directional earth fault over current in relay by switching OFF the function in address 1501 and 1601 respectively. (ii) Remove the cover of Test Block (iii)Short the terminals 1,3,5,7 for CT in MPB Test Plug and insert the test plug. The shorting terminals in MPB Test Plug must be ensured from the schematic drawing before inserting the plug. (iv) After inserting MPB plug in the block ,confirm no current present in relay (v) Confirm no CVT voltage at relay terminals CT and CVT terminals are isolated and all tripping outputs are blocked through MPB test plug.

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7SJ62

4. Preparation for Secondary injection test (i) Connect Relay Test kit with Laptop (ii) Connect phase wise the current leads to 20, 18, 16 and 14 terminals in MPB test plug and other end of leads to current source. Terminals of the test plug to be ensured from the schematic drawing. (iii)Connect phase wise the voltage leads to 17, 15, 13, and 12 terminals in MPB test plugs and other end of leads to voltage source. Terminals of the test plug to be ensured from the schematic drawing. (iv) Connect 01 spare output contact of relay (assigned for general trip in relay )to logic input of Relay Test kit with a separate lead.

Now the relay is ready for secondary injection.

5. Procedure (i) Open control panel in laptop for secondary injection to relay. (ii) By default 3 voltages and 3 current sources are selected in control panel. a. For timing of relay operation click the logic & timer settings button in control panel window b. Select input 1 contact (potential free) button , then the status of contact automatically will be in Open to Close condition . c. Select the phase (Ia or Ib or Ic) to be tested in logic & timer setting button. d.

Select Off to On for start condition of timer.

e. Select Set , then click OK. f.

Now the logic for timing measurement is set.

g. When fault is fed in a particular phase the relay output contact will trip the kit through logic input1 and time is displayed in window.

(iii)Apply single phase voltages independently and measure the same in relay to ensure the proper connection of voltage source leads in relay. (iv) Feed single phase current independently and measure the same in relay to ensure the proper connection of current source leads in relay. (v) Apply 3 ph voltage and 3 ph current and measure the values in the relay.

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7SJ62

6. Testing of DMT Directional Over current Feature (i) As the laptop is online with relay, make directional over current function ON by putting ON in the address 1501 and the setting of address 1601 should be OFF. (ii) Put maximum value for IDMT pickup in address 1507 i.e 4. to avoid the operation of IDMT during the testing of DMT feature. (iii)There are 02 settings for current pickup in DMT in address 1502 I>>and 1504 I>. (iv) While testing I> 1504 pick up, make I>> 1502 pickup infinity (put small letter O two times for infinity). (v) Open annunciation window in relay. Inject the current in relay through relay test kit with start current at 70% of I setting( in address 1504 )and gradually increase the current through kit till the relay picks up for directional over current fault .Relay pick up can be seen in spontaneous annunciation of relay. Note the pickup value. (vi) Inject 120% of I setting (address 1504) and note the timing of tripping recorded in Relay Test kit. (vii) Continue step (v) and step (vi) for other phases. (viii) The directionality of relay operation can be checked by shifting the angle of faulty phase by 180 degree and feeding the current greater than set value in relay. Then the relay should not operate for the current in reverse direction.

7. Testing of IDMT Directional Over Current Feature (i) Put the value infinity to address 1504 so that DMT will not operate while testing IDMT. (ii) Put the set value to address 1507 for IDMT pick up. (iii)Start feeding current in R-ph with 70% of set value . (iv) Gradually increase the value of current till IDMT pick up is observed in spontaneous annunciation in relay. Note the pickup value. (v) Inject 2 times the set value of current and note the timing from kit. Check the timing with calculated value. (vi) Inject 5 times the set value of current and note the timing from kit. Check the timing with calculated value. (vii) Inject 10 times the set value of current and note the timing from kit. Check the timing with calculated value. Page 34 of 344

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7SJ62

(viii) Continue step (iii) to step (vii) for other phases. Then apply 3 phase current slightly higher than set value and note the timing for 3 phase fault. (ix) The directionality of relay operation can be checked by shifting the angle of faulty phase by 180 degree and feeding the current in relay. The relay should not operate for the current in reverse direction.

8. Testing of Directional Earth fault Over current for DMT (i) As the laptop is online with relay, make the directional earth fault over current function enable by putting ON in the address 1601 and switch OFF the Directional phase time over current in address 1501. (ii) Put maximum value for IDMT pickup in address 1607 i.e 4 to avoid IDMT operation during testing DMT feature . (iii)There are 02 settings for current pickup in DMT in address 1602 I>>and 1604 I>. (iv) While testing I> 1604 pick up make I>> 1602 pickup infinity (put small letter O, two times to address 1602). (v) Open annunciation window in relay. Inject the current in R-ph in relay through Relay Test kit with start current at 70% of I setting ( address 1604) and with R-phase voltage much less than nominal value whereas

keep other two phase voltages at nominal values.

Gradually increase the current through kit till the relay picks up . Note the pickup value. (vi) Inject 120% of I setting in address 1604 and note the timing of tripping recorded in Relay Test kit. (vii) Continue step (v) and step (vi) for other phases. (viii) The directionality of relay operation can be checked by shifting the angle of faulty phase by 180 degree and feeding the current greater than set value in relay. The relay should not operate for the current in reverse direction.

9. Testing of IDMT Directional Earth fault Over Current Feature (i) Put the value infinity to address 1604 so that DMT will not operate while testing IDMT. (ii) Put the set value to address 1607 for IDMT pick up.

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(iii)Keep the voltage of R-ph much less than nominal value and other two phase voltages at nominal values. Start feeding current in R-ph with 70% of set value to address 1607. (iv) Gradually increase the value of current till IDMT pick up is observed in spontaneous annunciation in relay. Note the pickup value. (v) Inject 2 times the set value of current and the timing from kit. Check the timing with calculated value. (vi) Inject 5 times the set value of current and the timing from kit. Check the timing with calculated value. (vii) Inject 10 times the set value of current and the timing from kit. Check the timing with calculated value. (viii) Continue the step (iii) to step (vii) for other phases and note the timings. (ix) The directionality of relay operation can be checked by shifting the angle of faulty phase by 180 degree and feeding the current in relay greater than set value. The relay should not operate for the current in reverse direction.

10. Completion of testing (i) After completion of testing put the actual setting values in relay. (ii) Switch OFF the Relay Test kit and its supply. Remove the output contact from relay used for testing. (iii)Remove the test leads from MPB test plug connected with Relay Test kit. (iv) Remove the MPB test plug without disturbing the CT shorting in MPB test plugs. (v) Check the current and voltages in relay. (vi) Switch ON the functions (address 1501, 1601) which were switched OFF while testing.

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7UT613

TEST REPORT FOR SIPROTEC - 7UT613

DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION RELAY

I. Testing of Measuring Elements A). Inject nominal secondary current to the relay at given measurement location (M1, M2, M3 etc., and X1,X2) for all the assigned locations.

S.No.

Measurement

Phase

location

01 02

Theoretical

secondary

Current

current (A)

Display (A)

Actual at Current

at

Display (A)

R M

Y

03 1

Injected

B 1

X

2

2

B). Inject nominal secondary voltage

Voltage

:

Primary Voltage read on relay display

Remarks

Phase

applied

OK/ NOT

applied

(Volts)

OK

L1-E

63.5

L2-E

63.5

L3-E

63.5

L1-L2-L3

110

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Va

Vb

Vc

Va-b

Vb-c

Vc-a

(kV)

(kV)

(kV)

(kV)

(kV)

(kV)

Vn (kV)

DOC NO. – D-2-03-20-02-01

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7UT613

2. Pick up Test (for Differential) 1) Measurement Location can be M1/M2/M3/M4/M5. When current is given in Ir, The other phases and other locations is given 0 A. MEASUREMENT LOCATION:M1/M2/M3/M4/M5 pick up value (A) Phase

Theoretical

Actual

Ir Iy Ib While doing single phase injection, the theoretical current to be reduced by a factor of 1.5. Pick up test (for Differential High set) MEASUREMENT LOCATION:M1/M2/M3/M4/M5 pick up value (A) Phase

Theoretical

Actual

Ir Iy Ib While doing single phase injection, the theoretical current to be reduced by a factor of 1.5 & make differential current set is higher than differenetial High Set setting.

Procedure: 1) Check the functioning of differential protection on both sides of the bias line. 2) The tripping characteristics is plotted in the character definition Parameters --- > Test objects - - > Character definition. For values refer Appendix. 3) In Parameters --- > Test objects - - > Protection Objects , The Tapping settings set as K1*1.5 for secondary tap settings and K2 *1.5 for primary tap settings

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7UT613

4) Check the functioning of 5 points, just above and below the line, nearer to the line. And confirm the tripping or blocking as per the position of the points.

Differential Protection for M1 and M3

: OK/ Not OK

Differential Protection for M2 and M3

: OK/ Not OK

Over-Excitation Protection: The Voltage and Frequency are varied to achieve perunit values U/F in Software

Over Excitation Time U/f

Theoretical

Actual

140% 130%

120%

110%

Definite Mean Time Protection : (i) Disable differential protection while testing DMT. (ii) Apply one phase at a time the setting given with other phases zero current (iii)Repeat the procedure for all the Measurement Locations to the side to which DMT is assigned. MEASUREMENT LOCATION:M1/M2/M3/M4/M5

Phase

pick up value (A)

Operating Time (secs)

Theoretical Actual

Theoretical Actual

Ir Iy Ib Page 39 of 344

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7UT613

Appendix Typical calculations are being shown as below.

Side 1 – M1 (Main bay) + M2 (Tie Bay) Side- 2 - M3 Differential Protection Thermal Overload Protection Over Excitation Protection

I.

Differential Protection Side 1 400KV Side 2 230 KV Power 315 MVA

Side 1 – M1 (Main bay) + M2 (Tie Bay) Side- 2 - M3 Side 1 CT Ratio 1000/1 A Side 2 CT Ratio 800/1 A

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7UT613

DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

Bias Graph on Relay Test Kit Software. Typical settings: 1221

0.30 I/InO A

1241A

0.25A

1242A

0.00 I/InO A

1243A

0.60A

1244A

2.50 I/InO A

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7UT613

Line 1 Eqn: Y= 0.3

(address 1221)

Line 2 Eqn Y= 0.25 X (address 1241A) Solving 1 and 2 ; X= 0.3/0.25 =1.2 Y=0.3 Line 3 Eqn

base point (2.5,0) by 1244A

(Y-0)/(X-2.5) = 0.60

(address 1243A)

Expanding y= 0.6 X -1.5 Solving 2 and 3 Lines 0.25X =0.6X-1.5 X=4.2857 Y=0.6(4.2857)-1.5

=1.0714

Taking arbitrarily X=10, the Line 3 is constructed Y= 0.6 (10) -1.5 =4.5 Page 42 of 344

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7UT613

Now Line 1 is (0,0.3) to ( 1.2,0.3) Line 2 is (1.2,0.3) to (4.28,1.07) Line 3 is (4.28,1.07) to (10,4.5) Definite Mean Time Overcurrent Protection The setting is 1.3. If side selected is primary side, the full load current being 454 A, the secondary current is 0.454 and the Setting is 1.3 *0.454 A ie., Relay should operate at 0.59A at set timing.

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D-60

TESTING PROCEDURE FOR GE MAKE NUMERICAL DISTANCE PROTECTION D - 60

1. Testing Instruments required

(i) Relay Test Kit Test Kit with Laptop or PC. (ii) Testing Leads

-

01 Set.

(iii)Test Plugs

-

02 Nos.

(iv) C.T. Shorting Leads -

02 Sets

2. Preliminary Checks.

(i) All the connecting leads used for C.T. shorting are to be tested for continuity before using. (ii) Ensure the presence of all the instruments, test leads & Relay Test Kit Kit with PC/Laptop (with CMC Software).

3. Taking the relay out of Service & Isolation of CT & CVT inputs

(i) Keep carrier switch out of service. (ii) Remove cover of test block A & B. (iii)Shorting is to be made in MPG test plug (typically at 5,6,7,1 on bottom side) and then insert Block A . Confirm no current is present in relay. (iv) Insert Block B & confirm PT voltage is zero at relay terminals.

By above procedure CT and CVT input will be isolated and the entire trip out puts will

be blocked. However, procedure may vary as per the scheme of particular Sub-station.

4. Secondary Injection Test

Prepared by SRTS-I, POWERGRID

D-60

Preparation

(i) Connect test kit RELAY TEST KIT with Laptop / PC. (ii) Connect the voltage and current leads of’ Relay Test Kit kit to MPG test plugs at proper terminals. (iii)Connect current test lead in MPG Block A Top side (typically at 5,6,7,1). (iv) Connect voltage test lead in MPG Block B on top side (typically at 8,9,10,1). (v) For time measurement connect spare output signal relay contact (assigned with Gen trip device), and connect it to Binary input 1 of Relay Test Kit kit.

Typically spare contact “H1 or Event Logger contact” may be used for this purpose and lead may be connected to terminal.

Testing Procedure

(i)

Switch on PC and open software.

(ii) Select ‘Distance relay’ und ‘testing’ (iii)Name of line & type of relay will appear in ‘selection’ menu. Select ‘GE Make

D-60

Relay’ of required feeder for which relay being tested. In case characteristics of D-60 relay were not available in library same can be down loaded from RELAY TEST KIT website www.Relay Test Kit.at

.

(iv) Check the settings of above selected relay in menu “param” (stands for parameters). (v) Correct the settings of Vnom, Vmax, Inom, Imax etc. as below, if required. (vi) Vnom = 63.5 (L-N)

Inom = 1A

fnom = 50 Hz

(vii)

Vmax = 110V(L-N)

Imax=5A

(viii)

Select ‘assign (BinInp)’ for assignment of Binary input. At position 1 of Binary input

assign ‘trip.’ Return to selection menu. (ix) Select ‘manual’ mode. Now the kit is ready for testing.

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D-60

1. Testing of Zone 1 reach:

(i) Select ‘times’ for Zone-1 as below.

a. Prefault time -

1.0 Second

b. Max fault time -

0.1 Second

c. Delay -

0.1 Second

d. Reclaim -

0.1 Second

e. CB close —

0.1 second

(ii) Select ‘impedance plane’. Set the required reach by entering the appropriate value of Resistance & Reactance at R and X menu.

(iii)Set “type of fault” as AN fault (for R phase).

(iv) Operate the kit by entering the ‘shot’ menu. Relay will operate for above fault.

(v) Test for all faults by selecting type of faults i.e. RN, YN, BN, RI’, YB, BR, RYB.

(vi) Record value of reach, relay indications and operating time.

(vii)

Operating tune will display at actual —t column.

(viii)

Compare above value and indications with calculated / set values and

theoretical

impedance graph.

2. Testing of Zoue-2 reach

(i) Change maximum fault time to 0.5 sec. (ii) Repeat the procedure from (ii) to (vii) as above.

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D-60

3. Testing of Zone-3 reach (i) Change maximum fault time to 1.5 sec. (ii) Repeat the procedure from (ii) to (vii) as above.

4. Testing of Carrier Acceleration (i) Change maximum fault time to 0.5 sec. and extend “Carrier Receive” to relay. (ii) Repeat the procedure from (ii) to (.viii) as above.

5. Testing of Reverse Reach (i) Change maximum fault time to 1.5 sec. (ii) Repeat the procedure from (ii) to (vii) as above.

For fault detection forward Zone, relay will not trip and there will be only indication of fault detection. However, there will be tripping for impedance zone (reverse) for the set value.

6. Testing of Power Swing Blocking (i) The power swing blocking feature is checked by bringing the impedance within the zone reaches (Z1) of the relay for a period of set time and the operation of the relay is checked. (ii) For testing Power swing blocking (PSB) feature using Relay Test Kit, the blocking time for Power swing is set to maximum temporarily. (iii) The impedance can be carried either by keeping Voltage constant and varying the current or keeping current constant and varying the Voltage. Here in this case let’s keep the voltage constant at 10.0V and vary the current so as to get the impedances of PSB Zone. For setting Impedance Zone 1 (Z1)= say L Ω, Current (1) should be

V/Z1=10/L=say I1 A

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D-60

Similarly for Zone 2 impedance Z2 = say M Ω, Current (1) should be

V/Z2=10/M=say I2 A Zone 3 impedance Z3 = say N Ω, Current (1) should be V/Z3=10/N=say I3 A

PSB feature of the relay can be checked by RELAY TEST KIT kit through its pre loaded power swing test file, First go to selection menu- select ‘Transient’ , select ‘Load RELAY TEST KIT’ - open powerswg.ttf file. press ‘start’, : . . Power swing indication will appear on relay.

Alternate Procedure: Power swing is detected when the impedance travels from outer boundary of power swing impedance (Z-out) value to inner boundary of power swing impedance (Z-in) value at a slower rate. 1. Unblock the PSB feature in test mode that was blocked during reach testing. 2. Open Software test tool in Relay Test Kit software. 3. Keep voltage of any two phase say R & Y to 10.0 V and third phase say B-Phase to 63.0V. 4. Set current in all the three phases as 0.2 A. Please note that initial impedance should be slightly above the outer boundary of PSB setting. For example :- If the outer boundary impedance for PSD settings is 30 ohms, Taking voltage as 10 V, current comes out to be 0.3 Amp. So we will take initial value of current as 0.2 Amps. 5. Keeping the voltage as constant, gradually vary the current in two phases (R & Y) till PSB start signal value becomes high in the relay. Also in the disturbance report PSB-Start signal will be indicated if programmed. 6. Testing of Switch On to Fault (SOTF) Feature: The SOTF feature is checked by setting the pre-fault time in software to ‘O’ i.e. before feeding the fault to the relay no healthy voltages is sensed by the relay. a. In ‘Distance’ submenu select ‘Manual’ and press ‘Enter’ b. In ‘Manual’ submenu select ‘settings’ press ‘Enter. c. In ‘settings’ submenu select ‘Times’ and set the ‘Pre-fault’ time to 0.0 sec. and max. fault’ time as 1.0 sec.

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D-60

d. Pressing ‘Esc’ come back to ‘Manual’ submenu. e. In ‘Manual’ submenu select ‘Impedance’ press ‘Enter’. f. On the characteristics graph displayed on the screen, set the cursor point outside the zone-1 reach (inside Zone2 characteristics) using mouse. g. Select ‘Shot’ in ‘Impedance’ sub menu and press ‘Enter’. The relay should operate on SOTF, this can be confirmed from the display of the relay and its operating time should be instantaneous (i.e.15 – 25ms) instead of zone-2 time.

Testing of Fuse Fail Feature: 1.See the setting for voltage & current setting for fuse fail. Let us take both setting of 3Uo & 3Io of set value. 2. Open the Software test tool in Relay Test Kit software. Set R &Y voltage as 63.5 V and B as 0.0V. Set all the three phase current as 0.2 A. 3.Apply value to the relay. The relay should sense it as: Fuse fail” This can be confirmed from HMI. Testing can also be performed automatically in State Sequencer mode. The steps of state sequencer are : (i) Step 1-Healthy system 1 (ii) Step 2-Fuse fail condition, whereas one voltage is stepped to zero volt for long enough time for fuse fail function of relay to pick up. (iii)Step 3- Simulate an earth fault on same phase to verify that fuse fail function BLOCK the trip signal. (iv) Step 4- Healthy system 2 that is exactly the same as step 1, use to reset fuse fail state. (v) Step 5- Simulate an earth fault condition same as step 3 on same phase. This time relay should trip as no fuse fail condition exist.

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D-60

1. Testing of Fault Locator Function: (i) Set the kit for testing as done for zone-I reach. (ii) Set Calculated values of reactance for 25%, 5O% and 75% as calculated from total line reactance. (iii)Set the calculated reach of 25% by entering the value of Resistance (R=O) & required value of Reactance at R and X menu. (iv) Set type of fault to AN fault (for R phase) (v) Operate the kit by entering the ‘shot’ menu. (vi) Record the value of fault locator displayed at LCD display panel of the relay. (vii)

Test for all type of faults i..e. AN, BN, CN, AB, BC, CA, ABC.

(viii)

Repeat the procedure for 50%, 75% and 100% calculated value of reactance.

Note : The ‘max fault time’ setting for 100% should be 500 msec at the ‘times” menu. Procedure for Restoration

(i) Switch off RELAY TEST KIT test kit. (ii) After testing, remove current and voltage test leads from MPG Plugs. Also remove time measurement test lead (iii)Confirm CVT voltages are available at 8,9,10, 1 on bottom side of MPG plug. (iv) Confirm DC +ve or -ve is not available on top side of MPG Plugs A & B. (v) Remove MPG Plug B and confirm voltage is available at relay terminals. (vi) Remove MPG plug A. measure current in the CT circuit. (vii)

Insert cover of MPG Block-A & B.

Test Report for Distance relay type D-60 Date of Testing

:

Relay Panel

:

Name of feeder

:

Name of Protection : Distance Protection relay (Main-I) Relay Details

:

Make

: GE

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D-60

Sr.No.

:

Aux. Voltage

: 220 – 250V DC

Nom. Current

: 1 Amp

Nom. Voltage

: 110 Volts

Test Results (a) Reach and Timing tests Type

of Fault type

Zone

Calculated

Measured

Calculated

Measured

Trip time

reach in Ω

reach in Ω

reach in Ω

reach in Ω

in m sec.

90° (R=0)

90° (R=0)

0° (X=0)

0° (X=0)

RN YN BN Zone-1

RY YB BR RYB RN YN BN

Zone-1B

RY YB BR RYB RN YN BN

Zone-2

RY YB BR RYB

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Type

of Fault type

D-60

Calculated Measured reach in Ω

Zone

90° (R=0)

reach

Calculated

in reach in Ω

Measured reach

Trip time

in in m sec.

Ω

Ω

90° (R=0) 0° (X=0)

0° (X=0)

RN YN BN Zone-3

RY YB BR RYB RN YN BN

Imped.Zone-

RY

Forward

YB BR RYB RN YN BN

Impedance

RY

Zone-

YB

Reverse

BR RYB

PWSG

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RYB

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D-60

Supplementary Function Checks : 1. Over Voltage Protection (if used):

Description

Settings

Pick up in Volts Drop

off

in Tripping

Volts

time

in Sec.

R Stage-I

Y B R

Stage - 2

Y B

2. Back up Over current (STUB) Protection:

Ph O/C Char

I>/ In (Def time)

Trip time in Sec.

Settings Measured Values

3. Fault Locator :

Calculated values (at R=0)

Type of fault

25%

25%

:

X=

50%

:

X=

75%

:

X=

100% :

X=

50%

75%

100%

RN YN BN RY YB BR

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D-60

4. Switch on to fault : Description

Pick up current in Amp Trip time in m Sec with VR, VY, VB = 0

Calculated Values Actual values

5. Following checks to be carried out (During shut down)

(i) The associated binary inputs, signal relays and tripping relay logic tested and result found……………………. (ii) LED indication checked & found………………………………………. (iii)Proper tripping of breaker checked & found ……………………… (iv) Triggering of DR checked & found …………………………….. (v) Triggering of EL checked & found………………………………………… (vi) PLCC carrier send for Zone-I checked & found……………………………… (vii)

Carrier accelerated tripping for Zone-2 fault checked & found …………

Description of connections disturbed & restored:

i. CT circuit ii. CVT circuit iii. PLCC carrier signal iv. Block to auto reclosure v. Dr triggering vi. EL triggering vii. Timing

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D-60

6. Testing Instruments used:-

Sl.No. Description

Make &Sl.No.

1

Testing kit Relay Test Kit

2

Multimeter

3 4

7. Remarks

Test conducted by

Test reviewed by

Test approved by

Signature

Name

Designation

Date

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DAD-N

TESTING PROCEDURE FOR DAD-N (EASUN REYROLLE) HIGH IMPEDANCE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY TESTING PROCEDURE FOR DAD-N RELAY TEST REPORT

Station:

Type of Check: Annual/Breakdown

Circuit: Bus Bar Protection Zone:

Relay: Bus Bar Differential Date of Test - Last: Current:

1. Reference Document: Operating and Commissioning Instruction for high Impedence Differential Relay. (i) Read the precaution to be taken listed in sheet 3 of this report carefully. (ii) When in doubt, refer to commissioning instruction of high impedence differential relay. (iii)Do not tamper with the relay if you are not confident of the tests.

2.Details of the relay under test: Type

:

Model No.

:

Sl. No.

:

Aux. Volts

:

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DAD-N

3. Terminal Details: DC+ve

: PSU-13

DC-ve

: PSU-14

Phase

Unit

Start

Finish

R

AN1C1

17

18

Y

AN1C2

21

22

B

AN1C3

25

26

4. Details of Instruments Required: (ii) Differential relay test kit. (iii)Digital multimeter

5. Procedure For Testing The Relay: (i) When testing the relay the Differential Currents can be displayed on the LCD by changing to INSTRUMENTS mode and scrolling down to [Diff1 Currents]. (ii) Check that the setting resistor is the correct ohmic value, also that the correct differential settings are selected. (iii)Connect a single phase current source to Phase R. (iv) Upload the adopted settings in the relay. (v) Record the results in Test Results and verify the accuracy complies with performance stated in the Performance Specification. (vi) Verify the correct operation of all the selected output relays and the LED indication for corresponding protection function. (vii) Repeat Tests for connections to Phase Y and B. 6. Precautions to taken while testing the relay:

(i) Isolate the auxiliary D.C. supplies for alarm and tripping from the relay and remove the trip and intertrip links. (ii) All precautions must be taken for not opening the CT circuits. (iii)Ensure that the multimeter is in desired voltage range before checking the voltages at the relay terminals.

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DAD-N

(iv) Ensure that the actual auxilliary supply is same as the relay rating and is of correct polarity. (v) Restore the trip ckt after the measurements. 7. Test Results: A.) Secondary Injection Tests A1) Checking of Meter Measurement: Serial No.

Phase

Secondary

Injected Meter

Current 1.

R

2.

Y

3.

B

Current

Reading

A2) Checking of Differential Element:

Setting

Setting Value

Description

Pick

Up Drop

Amperes

87/50 Setting

0.05

87/50 Setting

0.10

87/50 Setting

0.50

87/50 Setting

0.90

87/50 Setting

Adopted Setting

Out Operating Time

Amperes

*For individual phases R, Y and B A3) CT Supervision

Setting

Setting Value

Description CT50 Setting

Pick Amperes

Up Drop Amperes

Out Operating Time

Adopted Setting

*For individual phases R, Y and B

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DAD-N

B.) TRIPPING AND INTERTRIPPING TESTS

(i) Re-connect the auxiliary D.C. supplies for trip and alarm operations and insert the Trip and InterTrip links. (ii) Simulate the operation of each external contact that initiates a status input and in each case check that appropriate LED illuminates and that the correct tripping, intertripping and alarm initiation occurs. (iii)Disconnect the D.C. power supply to the relay and check for correct PROTECTION INOPERATIVE alarm. (iv) Operate all protection and alarm elements in turn by secondary injection and check that the correct tripping and indication occurs.

C.) Putting into Service: The following points need to be ensured before putting the relay the relay into service: (i) The trip supply is connected. (ii) All the RED LEDs are off. (iii)The Green LED is ON steady. (iv) Operate the TEST/RESET button and check that all the LEDs are illuminated while the push is depressed. (v) All Earth Links, Trip Links and inter-trip links are in their normal operational positions. (vi) Operate the Cancel PUSH BUTTON. (vii) Check that the LCD displays the screen below, or the relay identifier set in the SYSTEM CONFIG MENU

DAD-N

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DAD-N

D.) In Service Check: D1) Spill Current Measurement

Serial no.

Terminal No.

Phase

Spill

Current

(Ix)* 1.

17&18

R

2.

21&22

Y

3.

25&26

B

*stated tolerance (±5%) D2) Voltage Measurement Serial no.

Terminal No.

Phase

1.

17&18

R

2.

21&22

Y

3.

25&26

B

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Voltage Measured

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DAD-N

BUS BAR PROTECTION

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DAD-N

DAD-N MENU STRUCTURE

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DUOBIAS

TESTING PROCEDURE FOR TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION RELAY

TYPE: DUOBIAS

MAKE : Easun Reyrolle

Description: DUOBIAS is a numerical differential relay having fast operating time less than one cycle. Relay consist of in built Disturbance Recorder and other transformer protections viz. Earth Fault, REF, Thermal overload etc which can be configured as per site requirement. Relay has biased differential characteristics. 1. PREREQUISITE : Before the start of relay testing following must be ensure to available with testing Engineer : (i) Relay testing kit with laptop (ii) Testing leads/ leads (iii)Clamp meter/Multi meter (iv) Screwdriver set (v) Single phase supply (vi) Test handle – as per requirement (vii)

Relay manual

(viii)

As built drawing of relay panel

(ix) Scientific calculator 1. CONNECTION DETAIL & SEQUENCE –

(i) DC input voltage: 220 V (ii) CT terminals: As per drawings. (iii)If relay is not equipped with ABB RTXH18 test switch, tripping should be isolated before shorting CTs. Because shorting CTs on one side will cause operation of differential function. After isolating tripping, short the CT terminals on HV and LV side on Terminal blocks by using 4mm banana leads. Ensure that no current is flowing through relay (either through HMI or through clamp-on-meter). (iv) In case of ABB test switch, insert test handle in to relay test plug, this will first isolate tripping and then short circuit CTs automatically.

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DUOBIAS

(v) For differential function we will use 6 current outputs (only for CMC256 and above) configure Relay test kit to use 6 current outputs. (vi) Connect one trip output contact of relay to Binary input-1 of OMICRON. OMICRON support both potential free & with potential contact for feedback contact therefore any suitable contact can be taken with proper setting in kit hardware configuration. (vii)

Connect laptop to Omicron kit & extend single phase supply to the set up.

PRECUATION: During connection of Current and voltage input ensure proper isolation form switch yard (CT & CVT supply) along with other necessary precaution if relay to be tested on line. Further tripping isolation to be doubly ensured before the start of test.

3. PREPARING THE RELAY CHARACTERISTICS:

(i) This is the most important step in the relay testing procedure. DUOBIAS uses a two slope biased differential characteristics. In this procedure relay setting for 400/220/33kV 315MVA transformer (Vector group Yna0d11) has been used, for which settings were as following (No CT used at 33kV side) : W1 Input

1A

(1A secondary currents used)

W1 CT ratio

500

(Hv side CT ratio =500/1)

W2 Input

1A

(1A secondary currents used)

W2 CT ratio

1000

(IV side CT ration =1000/1)

W1 Interposing Ct multiplier

1.09

(W1 Ct ratio / HV side Full load current)

W1 Interposing CT connection

Yd1

(For Zero sequence current filtering)

W2 Interposing Ct multiplier

1.20

(W2 CT ratio / HV side Full load current)

W2 Interposing CT connection

Yd1

(For Zero sequence current filtering)

87 Inrush Setting

0.2xId (2nd Harmonics restraint)

87 Initial Setting

0.2xIn (Minimum Differential current for operation)

87 Bias Slope

0.2x

(Bias slope upto Bias slope limit)

87 Bias Slope limit

4xIn

(Parabolic slope starts at Ibias>4xIn)

87HS Differential High Set

8xIn

(Parabolic slope ends at Idiff >8xIn)

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DUOBIAS

The characteristic can been drawn using XRIO feature automatically or manually. Preparation of characteristics with the help of “XRIO” file:- The term XRIO stands for extended Relay Interface by OMICRON . The main advantage of XRIO is that user has to feed basic relay setting parameters in XRIO for development of relay characteristics. This way, an XRIO converter significantly simplifies the setup of a test object. The XRIO converter for all relays is available in OMICRON test library or can be downloaded from omicron web site. The procedure of preparation of relay characteristics as follows:(i) Open Test universe –Omicron software. Select Differential module. (ii) Open the “Test Object” in “Parameter menu”. (iii)Now go to File and then Import. (iv) Select the XRIO file of DUOBIAS relay from Omicron test library >test object_XRIO folder. (v) Feed the necessary information related relay setting. The menus are same as relay setting. (vi) Click OK, Relay characteristics is now generated and ready for testing. (vii)

Before the start of testing configure the hardware (Analog output, Binary input, Binary

output etc) in “Parameter->Hardware configuration” menu Presently the XRIO converter for DUOBIAS relay has settings for only one biased slope which is straight portion of characteristics, so it would not give correct results in the region “Bias slope limit” to “High set”. It should work for most the points which are not too close the operating line in that region. If accurate testing is to be done then preparing characteristic manually is recommended. Preparation of characteristics manually : For preparing characteristic manually we need to know co-ordinates of points through which the line should pass. Initial setting is 0.2 in our case, relay will operate for |I1+I2| > Is, i.e. Point-1 (0,0.2)

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DUOBIAS

Slope is 0.2 so for Idiff = 0.2, Ibias should be 1A. relay will operate for |I1+I2| > bias slope x (|I1|+|I2|)/2

Point-2 (1,0.2) Bias slope limit is 4 in our case, for which Idiff should be 0.8 I.e. Point-3 (4,0.8) For bias current between bias slope limit and high set, relay will operate if |I1+I2| >√ (X2 -K2 )/2 (for X > B) where X= (|I1| +|I2|)/2 K2 = B2 - 2M2 B2 B=Bias slope limit M=bias slope As curves can not plotted directly in differential module, we will calculate points for different Ibias values in steps on 1xIn. From above formulas taking value of M=0.2, B=4 Point-4 (5,2.3) Point-5 (6,3.3) Point-6 (7,4.1) Point-7 (8,5.0) Point-8 (9,5.8) Point-9 (10,6.5) Point-10 (11,7.3) Point-11 (12, 8.0) Now 8.0 is our High set so Characteristic will go straight horizontal line after that, we will give some point with higher value of Ibias for last point

Point-12 (20,8.0) Now we have 12 points to plot our characteristics. Open Advance Differential >>Diff configuration module open Parameters>> test object>> differential>> edit

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DUOBIAS

In Protection object tab select 2 winding transformer and set values as follows: winding

Primary

Secondary

voltage

400kV

220kV

power

315MVA

315MVA

vector group

Y

Y0

Star point grounding Yes

Yes

In CT tab: Primary current

500

1000

Secondary current

1

1

In Protection device enter the values Select (|Ip|+|Is|)/K1 and Factor K1 =2 Test Max : 1.500S Delay time: 0.250S Idiff > 0.20In Idiff >> 8.00In Zero sequence elimination : YD interposing transformer Keep all other values unchanged. In characteristics definition Enter the value of Point-1 in “start point” and Point-2 in “End point” field, click on update.

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DUOBIAS

Now Enter the value of Point-2 in “start point” and Point-3 in “End point” field, click on Add. Repeat the procedure for all 12 Points calculated earlier. Click on Ok to complete the characteristic. In Harmonic tab check that 2nd Harmonics are set as 20% and 5th Harmonics are set as 45% click OK to complete the Test object file. After Test object file is complete export it to XRIO/RIO file so that it can be used in all modules of omicron. For that Go to Parameter >> Test object >> File >> Export in XRIO or RIO format. Check Parameters >> Hardware configuration >> Test set details. Ensure that 6 current channels are used and voltage channels are not used. Operating characteristics for Single phase to ground fault and three phase faults for the relay is given below. Please not that Characteristic for 2 Phase faults would be slightly different.

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DUOBIAS

TESTING THE RELAY :

The DUOBIAS relay has integrated software interposing CTs which are connected in Yd1 configuration. The current seen by the relay elements are not same as the current relay input terminals. The relation between Current feed to relay and current seen by relay’s measuring element is as follows: ICT output a = ICT multiplier x (A-C) /√3 ICT output b = ICT multiplier x (B-A) /√3 ICT output c = ICT multiplier x (C-B) /√3 Page 84 of 344

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DUOBIAS

(a,b,c are interposing CT outputs and A,B,C are input to relay i.e. secondary currents) So we will see that for fault in A phase both a and b phase elements will trip, as both have component of A phase. Following tests are to be performed for testing of the relay:

(i) Initial Start Setting (ii) Differential slope test (iii)Testing high set feature (iv) Stability in case of through fault (v) Testing 2nd Harmonics restraint (vi) Testing 5th Harmonics restraint Automatic testing using Advanced Differential module

All these tests can be done by Advanced Differential module easily. First Module in Advance differential is Diff Configuration. The Diff Configuration module tests wiring and configuration of the test object by simulating faults that are located outside the protected zone. Import the already created XRIO/RIO file. In “Test Data” >> “Itest” field enter 1.00In and click on Add. Let us give another fault for 4.00In and click add. Now click on Fault type L1-E and start the test. Similarly check for other fault loops viz L2-E, L3-E, L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L1, L1-L2-L3. Relay should not operate and test should pass. It indicates wiring connections is OK, and relay is stable for through faults. .

Second Module in Advance differential is Diff Operating characteristics. In this module the operating characteristic is tested by simulating faults inside and outside of the protected zone. Import the already created XRIO/RIO file. Add some points above operating line and some points below operating line in different slopes of operating characteristics for all fault loops viz L1-E, L2-E, L3-E, L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L1, L1-L2-L3. The first portion which is horizontal line is for Initial start settings. Second inclined portion is for differential slope. Third parabolic portion is for Higher differential slope for CT saturation at Higher currents. Fourth portion which is horizontal line is for High set.

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DUOBIAS

Third Module in Advance differential is Diff Trip time characteristics. The trip time characteristic test involves simulating faults inside and outside the protected zone. Import the already created XRIO/RIO file. Add some points at different Diff currents and start the test for actual operating times.

Fourth Module in Advance differential is Diff Harmonic restraint characteristics. The Diff Harmonic Restraint test module is used for checking the correct relay behavior of the harmonic restraint of the differential protection. Import the already created XRIO/RIO file. Select test phase L1-L2-L3 and Harmonics 2nd. Add some points above operating line and some points below operating line in different portions of operating characteristics. Similarly add some points for 5th Harmonics. Run the test.

Manual testing using Quick CMC module :

First step is to configure omicron hardware to use six output channels, three from group A and Three from Group -B. Use one binary input terminal for relay operation. (i) Warning : When the current feeded to relay is higher than 1A, to avoid damage to relay due to continuous higher currents we should use auto step feature of QuickCMC. The trip contact should be used to stop the injection of currents. Keep the step size higher say 500mA and time to 100mS. It is to ensure that current is not fed to relay more than 2-3 Sec. (ii) Initial Start test: Feed balanced three phase current only from one side of relay starting with zero amplitude (either HV or LV side). Increase value of all three phase current in small steps say 10mA until relay operates. Note down the value of current. It should be as per Initial setting as per relay setting, in this case the set value is 0.2. Repeat the above test with frequency of currents set to 100Hz in all three phases. As the relay is not going to operate, current feeded will go upto 8A so follow the warning at step-1. The relay should not operate until the differential current reaches High Set value. After which it will operate with HS indication (iii)Differential slope test: Feed balanced three phase current from one side of relay starting with amplitude higher than Initial setting say 0.22A (on HV side) and corresponding current from LV side say 0.40A. Both the currents should be opposite in phase and balanced. Increase value of all three phase current on LV side in steps of 10mA until relay operates.

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DUOBIAS

Repeat this process at different HV side currents like at 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A...etc (at higher currents follow the warning at step-1) note down the value of LV currents at which relay operates. The Idiff and Ibias can be read from HMI on relay front panel or through relay software on PC. Compare the results with value of Idiff and Ibias or with calculated values as per formula given in Para “Preparation of characteristics manually”. Repeat the above test with frequency of currents set to 100Hz in all three phases. As the relay is not going to operate, to avoid damage to relay follow the warning in step-1. The relay should not operate until the differential current reaches High Set value. After which it will operate with HS indication. (iv) Testing high set feature: It has been already been checked in above two steps. However for checking accurate value of High set, feed balanced three phase current only from one side of relay starting with amplitude slightly lower than High set value say 7A (Normally it is kept 8A). Increase value of all three phase current steps of 100mA / 100mS until relay operates. After which it will operate with HS indication. Follow the warning in step-1 while injecting higher currents. (v) Stability in case of through fault: Feed balanced three phase currents from both side of relay starting with currents calculated according to transformation ratio. For 400/220kV ICT we can feed 0.40A from 220kV side and 0.22A from 400kV side. Both the currents should be opposite in phase and balanced. Now increase the current of any one phase on both sides by same ratio. Say R phase on 400kV side 2.2A and on 220kV side 4A. Relay should not operate in this condition. Follow the warning in step-1 while injecting higher currents. a. In actual practice for the same fault current as described in above para, due to presence of Zero sequence currents, the primary and secondary currents will not match. For L1-E fault on 220kV side values may be as follows: b. Primary IL1=2.93A @ 0deg

Secondary IL1=4A @ 180deg

c. Primary IL2=1.47A @ 180deg

Secondary IL2=0A @ 0deg

d. Primary IL3=1.47A @ 180deg

Secondary IL3=0A @ 0deg

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DUOBIAS

(vi) So on feeding above values, relay should not operate. Same condition can be applied for all phases for single phase to ground fault. The calculation for this condition is as below:

Primary side: ICT output a = ICT multiplier x (A-C) /√3 =1.09x(2.93+1.47)/1.732 = 2.77@0deg ICT output b = ICT multiplier x (B-A) /√3 =1.09x(-1.47-2.93)/1.732 = 2.77@180deg ICT output c = ICT multiplier x (C-B) /√3 =1.09x(-1.47+1.47)/1.732 = 0.00@0deg Secondary side: ICT output a = ICT multiplier x (A-C) /√3 =1.20x(-4.00-0.00)/1.732 = 2.77@180deg ICT output b = ICT multiplier x (B-A) /√3 =1.20x(0.00+4.00)/1.732 = 2.77@0deg ICT output c = ICT multiplier x (C-B) /√3 =1.20x(0.00-0.00)/1.732 = 0.00@0deg Relay operates when |I1+I2| > bias slope x (|I1|+|I2|)/2 R-phase LHS = |I1+I2| = 2.77@0deg + 2.77@180deg =0 RHS = bias slope x (|I1|+|I2|)/2 =0.2x(2.77+2.77)/2 = 0.554 Y-phase LHS = |I1+I2| = 2.77@0deg - 2.77@180deg =0 RHS = bias slope x (|I1|+|I2|)/2 =0.2x(2.77+2.77)/2 = 0.554 B-phase LHS = |I1+I2| = 0@0deg + 0@180deg =0 RHS = bias slope x (|I1|+|I2|)/2 =0.2x(0+0)/2 = 0.0 (in this case |I1+I2| > Is condition will apply, i.e. relay would operate when |I1+I2| > 0.2) Now it can been seen that in all phases relay will not operate, so relay should not operate. (i) Testing 2nd Harmonics restraint: We will use Harmonics module of Omicron for testing this feature. Check hardware configuration, disable voltage outputs. Now keep all three phase currents higher than initial setting, say 0.5A all phases same with balanced angles. Keep presignal time = 0.0S, Signal =1.0Sec, Post Signal=0.0S. Now select 2nd order harmonics and set percentage to 15% and phase to 120deg in all three phases.(which is lower than set value) start the test, relay should operate now. Increase the harmonics component in steps of 1% relay should not operate harmonics higher than 20% (as per relay settings).

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DUOBIAS

(ii) Testing 5th Harmonics restraint: Set value of 5th harmonics is not available in relay settings. However as per relay manual protection against wrong operation in case of 5th harmonics has been provided. Normally the setting of 5th harmonics is 45%. We will check the effect of 5th harmonics on relay performance. We will use Harmonics module of Omicron for testing this feature. Check hardware configuration, disable voltage outputs. Now keep all three phase currents higher than initial setting, say 0.5A all phases same with balanced angles. Keep presignal time = 0.0S, Signal =1.0Sec, Post Signal=0.0S. Now select 5th order harmonics and set percentage to 15% and phase to 120deg in all three phases.(which is lower than set value) start the test, relay should operate now. Increase the harmonics component in steps of 5%. Check the blocking of relay.

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Prepared by SRTS-II, POWERGRID

MICOM P633/632

Testing Procedure For Transformer differential relay MICOM P633/632 1. Connection Details S.No

Relay Terminal No

Usage

Remarks

1

X20-25

220V DC Positive

Wire this through 4 amps DC Fuses

X20-26

220V DC Negative

X20-27

Ground

X03-1 &2

R Phase Current 1 Amp (HV)

X03-3 &4

Y Phase Current 1 Amp (HV)

X03-5 &6

B Phase Current 1 Amp (HV)

X03-7 &8

Neutral current (HV)

X05-1 &2

R Phase Current 1 Amp (IV)

X05-3 &4

Y Phase Current 1 Amp (IV)

X05-5 &6

B Phase Current 1 Amp (IV)

X05-7 &8

Neutral current (IV)

X07-1 &2

R Phase Current 1 Amp (LV)

X07-3 &4

Y Phase Current 1 Amp (LV)

X07-5 &6

B Phase Current 1 Amp (LV)

X07-7 &8

Neutral current (LV)

X03-13 &16

Open Delta Voltage

2

Precaution: During Connection of Current and Voltage Input, Ensure proper isolation from switch yard (CT&PT Supply) along with their necessary precautions, if the relay testing is to be done on line, ensure further isolation of tripping.

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MICOM P633/632

2. DC Power Up: Apply 220V DC to the relay and observe the following 1)

All LEDs will Flash

2)

Display sequence of arrows on LCD display >>>>>>, after approximately 15 sec.

3)

Display shows MICOM P633.

4)

Ensure that Healthy LED is illuminated.

On power up the green LED should have illuminated and stayed on indicating that the relay is HEALTHY. (The Out of Service LED will also be lit if no settings have yet been applied to the relay). Check the watch dog contact of the relay as per the relay configuration.

3. Testing of OPTO Inputs: The opto-isolated inputs should be energized one at a time, as per the external wiring diagram. Ensure correct polarity, with the positive battery voltage applied to the lowest numbered terminal, and negative to the highest number for the input concerned (e.g. Opto input U2001 for the ring terminal relay should be energized at terminals X2018 (+ve) and X2019 (-ve)). The status of each opto-isolated input measurements/physical state signals/INP S.No OPTO No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Page 125 of 344

U2001 U2002 U2003 U2004 U1001 U1002 U1003 U1004 U1005 U1006 U1601 U1602 U1603 U1604 U1605 U1606

can

be

Opto terminal No Negative Positive

X20-19 X20-21 X20-24 X20-24 X10-19 X10-21 X10-24 X10-24 X10-27 X10-27 X16-19 X16-21 X16-24 X16-24 X16-27 X16-27

viewed

in

the

Extend 220V DC to OPTO terminal

menu operation/cyclic

Status (Low/High)

X20-18 X20-20 X20-22 X20-23 X10-18 X10-20 X10-22 X10-23 X10-25 X10-26 X16-18 X16-20 X16-22 X16-23 X16-25 X16-26 DOC NO.- D-2-03-20-02-01

Prepared by SRTS-II, POWERGRID

MICOM P633/632

1. Testing of OUTPUT Contacts: This test is to be carried out to check the functionality of the output contacts. This test preferably shall not be carried out during the online testing of the protection system; this may lead to tripping the element. Contacts of the relay can be forced by following method 1. Operation/ control and testing/OUTP 2. On the active value of relay assign f. test select contact to be tested 3.

On the active value of relay test select execute and click OK, then corresponding relay will be closed for the predefined time given in hold time for test. This can be checked by connecting multi meter across the contact.

4. After testing change the setting of relay test to be changed to don’t execute 5. Repeat the above procedure from S.No: 1 to 4 for all the contacts. NOTE: It should be ensured that thermal ratings of anything connected to the output relays during the contact test procedure is not exceeded by the associated output relay being operated for too long. It is therefore advised that the time between application and removal of contact test is kept to the minimum.

Contact Terminal No S.No

Contact No

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

K1001 K1001 K1002 K1003 K1004 K1005 K1006 K1007 K1008 K1601 K1601 K1602 K1603 K1604 K1605 K1606 K1607 K1608 K2001 K2001 K2002 K2003 K2004 K2005 K2006 K2007

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N/C

X10: 6-5

X16: 16-15

X16: 6-5

X20: 16-15

X20: 6-5

N/O

Connect Multimeter and check status

Remarks

X10: 1-2 X10: 3-4 X10: 6-7 X10: 8-9 X10: 10-11 X10: 10-12 X10: 10-13 X10: 10-14 X16: 16-17 X16: 1-2 X16: 3-4 X16: 6-7 X16: 8-9 X16: 10-11 X16: 10-12 X16: 10-13 X16: 10-14 X20: 16-17 X20: 1-2 X20: 3-4 X20: 6-7 X20: 8-9 X20: 10-11 X20: 10-12 X20: 10-13 X20: 10-14

DOC NO.- D-2-03-20-02-01

27

K2008

X20: 16-15

Prepared by SRTS-II, POWERGRID

X20: 16-17

MICOM P633/632

5. Testing of Differential protection: MICOM P 633/632 is having dual slope differential characteristics.

Model Characteristics of MICOM P632/633 relay

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MICOM P633/632

Pick up test (Differential) Inject current using Any test (Tesient)/Quick CMC (Omicron) on individual phases and record the pick up current of the differential elements. pick up value (A) Phase

Theoretical

Actual

Idr Idy Idb Pickup test (Differential high set): Inject current with harmonics of magnitude higher than set value. pick up value (A) Phase

Theoretical

Actual

Idr Idy Idb Characteristic check (Tesient test kit) 1. Select relay equation Ir=(I1+I2)/2, Id= I1-I2 in Transformer test --- > Ir/Id differential --- > Equation --- >select equation 2. Enter the system data and balance coefficients based on system parameters in Transformer test --- > Ir/Id differential --- > parameters 3. Enter the data in test mode --- > search define segment --- > Auto based on the approved settings and parameters derived from the relay Characteristic equation 4. Connect the 1st current channel of the test kit to R ph HV of the relay and 2 of the test kit to R Ph IV of the test kit. 5. Save picture and start testing by pressing F11. Page 128 of 344

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6. After completion of test, create report from report menu.

Prepared by SRTS-II, POWERGRID

MICOM P633/632

7. The same can be repeated for other phases. For calculating balance coefficients use following formulas Kma = Inom,a /Iref,a Kmb= Inom,b /Iref,b Harmonic restraint test (Tesient test kit).

1.

Enter harmonic order, set value and test points and current magnitude in Transformer test --- > Harmonic restraint (transformer)

2.

Repeat for other phases and different harmonics (say 2nd and 5th harmonic) as per the relay settings.

Characteristic check (Omicron test kit)

1.

Check the functioning of differential protection on both sides of the bias line.

2.

The tripping characteristics is plotted in the character definition using relay characteristic equation and settings

3.

Parameters --- > Test objects - - > Character definition.

4.

In Parameters --- > Test objects - - > Protection Objects , for Tapping settings Use following formulas Tap setting for primary

: 1/kma

Tap setting for Secconday

: 1/kmb

Kma = Inom,a /Iref,a Kmb= Inom,b /Iref,b Harmonic restraint test (Omicron test kit)

1.

Check the functioning of differential protection on both sides of the bias line.

2.

The tripping characteristics with harmonics is plotted in the Harmonics

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Tab, Parameters --- > Test object --- > Harmonic

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MICOM P633/632

6. 2nd Harmonic restraint checking (Alternate method) This feature can be checked either by using harmonic testing of differential module or any test (Tesient) /Quick CMC (Omicron). Inject R phase fundamental current to relay R ph analog channel from one current channel of the test kit and R ph 2nd harmonic (100Hz) current from other current channel of the test kit. Ensure that differential current shall be granter than min differential current, relay is operating if the harmonic current is less than the set value and blocking, if the harmonic current is more than set value.

7. 5th Harmonic restraint checking (Alternate method)

This feature can be checked either harmonic testing of differential module or from any test (Tesient) /Quick CMC (Omicron). Inject R phase fundamental current to relay R ph analog channel from one current channel of the test kit and R ph 5th harmonic (250Hz) current from other current channel of the test kit. Ensure that for differential current granter than min differential current, relay is operating if the harmonic current is less than the set restrain value and blocking, if the harmonic current is more than set restrain value. Same can be repeated for other phases.

8. Checking of cross blocking Inject harmonic current in one phase and operating fundamental current of magnitude greater than Idmin in other phase and ensure relay is blocking for the harmonic current greater than set value and operating for harmonic current less than set value.

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MICOM P141

TESTING PROCEDURE FOR DIRECTIONAL OVER CURRENT AND EARTH FAULT PROTECTION OF 315 MVA 400/230 KV ICT FOR O MICOM P141 RELAY USING OMICRON RELAY TEST KIT 1.CONNECTION DETAILS Sl.No Relay Nos 1 F2 F1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Terminal Usage

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C19 C20 C21 C22

220V DC Positive 220V DC Negative

R Phase Current 5A R Phase Common R Phase Current 1A Y Phase Current 5A Y Phase Common Y Phase Current 1A B Phase Current 5A B Phase Common B Phase Current 1A N Neutral Current 5A N Neutral Common N Neutral Current 1A N Sensitive Neutral Current 5A N Sensitive Neutral Common N Sensitive Neutral Current 1A R Phase Voltage 110 V Y Phase Voltage 110 V B Phase Voltage 110 V N Phase Voltage 110 V

Remarks Supply to be provided through 4A Fuse IR
C3 IY
C3 IB
C3 Loop C2,C5,C8,C12 IN
C12 Unused

VR
C19 VY
C20 VB
C21 VN
C22

Precaution: In Case Relay is tested online ensure CT, CVT are Isolated from the relay input and check the metering in the relay for zero values. Further the Trip contacts are also to be Isolated from Relay. 2. DC POWER CHECK UP a) Check Watch Dog Contact: F11-F12
Normally Close F13-F14
Normally Open

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MICOM P141

b) Apply 220 V DC and observe the following: i) All LEDs Flashing ii) On LCD See message 'SRAM OK' iii) Now Check Watch Dog Contact: F11-F12
Open F13-F14
Close iv)

Check Field voltage(48V) with multimeter: F7(+ve)-F9(-ve)

48V F8(+ve)-F10(-ve)

48V

3. OPTO Check For checking the healthiness of the 08 Nos optos it is required to extend the 48 Volts to the terminals of each opto. Go to "COMMISSIONING TEST" menu in the relay, and in this menu go to "OPTO I/P Status". When applying 48 Volts to the OPTO BI, the corresponding binary digit switches from "0"
"1".

OPTO NO L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8

OPTO Terminal No D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16

Extend 48 Volt DC to OPTO Terminal F9

D1 F7

D2 F9

D3 F7

D4 F9

D5 F7

D6 F9

D7 F7

D8 F9

D9 F7

D10 F9

D11 F7

D12 F9

D13 F7

D14 F9

D15 F7

D16

Status (OK/ NOT OK)

Remarks

REMARKS: While applying the field voltage to the OPTO Inputs ensure that it is isolated from 220V DC source.

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MICOM P141

4. CONTACT TEST WARNING: During this test the contact is forced to make without operating any protection function. For checking the healthiness of the 07 No contacts, it is required to go to the "COMMISSIONING TEST" MENU of the relay and select SUBMENU "CONTACT TEST" and force the contacts to operate.

Contact No

Contact Terminal No

RL1

E1

E2

RL2

E3

E4

RL3 (Any Trip)

E5

E6

RL4 RL5 RL6 RL7

Connect Multimeter and check the continuity (NO / NC)

Remarks

E9

E7 E9

E8 E12

E10 E12

E11 E15

E13 E15

E14 E18

E16 E18

E17

5. TESTS USING OMICRON RELAY TEST KIT 1. Ensure Proper Earthing of OMICRON TEST KIT. 2. Connect PC COM Port to MiCOM P442 Relay Front Port using MiCOM Front Port Relay communication cable. 3. Make all the necessary connections as BI , Feedback from the relay & Stable Power supply to the Omicron Test kit .

BEFORE STARTING THE TESTING IT IS NECESSARY TO EXTRACT THE SETTING AND PSL FILES FROM THE RELAY AS BACKUP.

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MICOM P141

5.1 METERING CHECKS: PT RATIO: 400KV/110V (OR) 220KV/110V AS APPLICABLE CT RATIO: 1000/1 A (OR) 800/1A AS APPLICABLE Inject rated Secondary Current and Voltage using OMICRON Kit and check for the rated Primary Current and Voltage from the relay metering for all phases. Parameter

Injected Value

Relay Metered Value

Remarks

IR IY IB VRY VYB VBR 5.2 PHASE OVER CURRENT TEST: 1) Open OMICRON Test Universe Software, Click on Quick CMC Menu, then OMICRON Quick CMC [Test View :Quick CMC 1] window will pop up 2) Select Analog Outputs for Set Mode currents IL1 , IL2, IL3 as 2 times the set current i.e of I >1 setting values and Set Mode Voltages VL1E , VL2E, VL3E as Zero. 3) In Step/Ramp Window select IL1 , IL2, IL3 in Output , Magnitude in Quantity 4) Inject the current by Test run icon F5. Record the Operated Time for the given injected current in the tabular format. Repeat the Test for 5 Times and 10 Times of the Set current in the similar manner. I >1 setting : _____ A TMS : _____ [SI curve] Phase

X Times set Current

R Y B R Y B R Y B

2

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Injected Current(A)

Operated Time in seconds

Remarks

5

10

DOC NO.- D-2-03-20-02-01

Prepared by SRTS-II, POWERGRID

MICOM P141

5.3 PHASE OVER CURRENT HIGH SET TEST : 1) Select Analog Outputs for Set Mode currents IL1 , IL2, IL3 as the set current i.e of I >2 setting values and Set Mode Voltages VL1E , VL2E, VL3E as Zero. 2) In Step/Ramp Window select IL1 , IL2, IL3 in Output , Magnitude in Quantity , Size 0.01 A and Time 1.000 S 4) Check in [ √ ] Auto and Increment (Upward Arrow). 3) Inject the current by Test run icon F5. Record the Pickup Current and Operated Time [ Time Delay ms ] for the given injected current in the tabular format . Phase

Pick up Current(A)

Operated Delay in ms

Remarks

R Y B

I >2 setting : _____ A Time Delay : 0 Sec [Instantaneous]

5.4 EARTH FAULT TEST : 1) Open OMICRON Test Universe Software, Click on Quick CMC Menu, then OMICRON Quick CMC [Test View :Quick CMC 1] window will pop up 2) Select Analog Outputs for Set Mode currents IL1 , IL2, IL3 (imbalance currents)so that 2 set current flows through Neutral i.e of IN >1 setting values and Set Mode Voltages VL1E , VL2E, VL3E as Zero.

times

3) In Step/Ramp Window select IL1 , IL2, IL3 in Output , Magnitude in Quantity 4) Inject the current by Test run icon F5. Record the Operated Time for the given injected current Repeat the Test for 5 Times and 10 Times of the Set current in the similar manner.

IN >1 setting : _____ A TMS : _____ [SI curve]

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Phase E/F

X Times set Current

MICOM P141

Injected Current(A)

Operated Time in seconds

Remarks

2 5 10

5.5 EARTH FAULT HIGH SET TEST : 1) Select Analog Outputs for Set Mode currents IL1 , IL2, IL3 (imbalance currents) so that the set current flows through Neutral i.e of IN >3 setting values and Set Mode Voltages VL1E , VL2E, VL3E as Zero. 2) In Step/Ramp Window select IL1 , IL2, IL3 in Output , Magnitude in Quantity , Size 0.01 A and Time 1.000 S 4) Check in [ √ ] Auto and Increment (Upward Arrow). 3) Inject the current by Test run icon F5. Record the Operated Time [ Time Delay ms ] for the given injected current .

IN >1 setting : _____ A Time Delay : 0 Sec [Instantaneous]

Phase E/F

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Pick up Current(A)

Operated Delay in ms

Remarks

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MICOM P441

Testing Procedure For Reactor Back Up Impedance Relay Micom P441 With Omicron Relay Test Kit

1.Connection Details S.No 1 2

Relay Terminal No F2 F1 C1 C2 C3

Usage 220V DC Positive 220V DC Negative R Phase Current 5 Amp R Phase Common R Phase Current 1 Amp

C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C19 C20 C21 C22

Y Phase Current 5 Amp Y Phase Common Y Phase Current 1 Amp B Phase Current 5 Amp B Phase Common B Phase Current 1 Amp R Phase Voltage Y Phase Voltage B Phase Voltage Neutral Voltage

Remarks Wire this through 4 amps DC Fuses Loop C2,C5,C8 & Connect this to Current Out put Terminal to In C3- IR C6-IY C9-IB

C19-VR C20-VY C21-VB C22-VN

Precaution: During Connection of Current and Voltage Input, Ensure proper isolation from switch yard (CT&PT Supply) along with their necessary precautions, if the relay testing is to be done on line, ensure further tripping isolation.

1. DC Power Check Up: a) Check watch dog Contact :

F11- F12 - Close F13-F14 - Open

b) Apply 220V DC to the relay and observe the following 1. All LEDs with Flash 2. On LCD See Message “BUS OK, SRAM OK, FLASH OK, CODE VERIFYING OK” c) Check Watch Dog Contact

F11- F12 - Open F13-F14 - Close

d) Check Field Voltage 48V

F7-F9 – 48 Volts F8-F10 – 48 Volts

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MICOM P441

2. OPTO Check: For Checking the healthiness of the 8 Nos OPTO I/Ps, it is required to extend 220V DC Volts to the terminals of each OPTO. Go to “System Data” Chapter on relay LCD, and in this chapter go to “OPTO I/P Status”, When 220V DC is applied to the OPTO L1 “0” will change to “1”, observe the change on relay LCD. OPTO I/P Status 00000000

OPTO No

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Opto terminal No -ve +ve D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16

Extend 220V DC to OPTO terminal

Status

3. Testing the O/P Contacts: This test checks that all the output relays are functioning correctly. The P441 relays have 14 output relays. 1. Ensure that the relay is in test mode by viewing the chapter COMMISSIONING TESTS,Test Mode]. 2. To operate the output relay Go to COMMISSIONING TESTS, change the Contact Test to ‘Apply Test’. 3. Operation will be confirmed by the continuity tester, operating for a normally open contact and ceasing to operate for a normally closed contact. 4. After Completion of test, Reset the output relay by setting cell Contact Test to ‘Remove Test’ in Commissioning tests chapter NOTE: It should be ensured that thermal ratings of anything connected to the output relays during the contact test procedure is not exceeded by the associated output relay being operated for too long. It is therefore advised that the time between application and removal of contact test is kept to the minimum.

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Contact No

Contact Terminal No N/C

RL1 RL2 RL3 RL4 RL5 RL6 RL7 RL8 RL9 RL10 RL11 RL12 RL13 RL14

MICOM P441

E7-E9 E10E12 E13E15 E16E18

B7-B9 B10B12 B13B15 B16B18

Connect Multimeter and check status

N/O E1-E2 E3-E4 E5-E6 E8-E9 E11-E12 E14-E15 E17-E18 B1-B2 B3-B4 B5-B6 B8-B9 B11-B12 B14-B15 B17-B18

4. Reach Test: 1. Load ALSTOM Micom-Z Graph Software in PC 2. Connect PC COM Port to Micom P441 relay Front Port using Micom Front Port communication lead. 3. Open Connection and extract relay settings 4. Save this file as *.RIO file in PC 5. Open OMICRON Software and open Advance Distance application 6. GO to Parameter – Test object- Import the RIO file saved in PC for P441 7. Now the relay characteristics will be plotted as per the settings given in the relay. 8. Connect the Voltage & Current Inputs from Omicron test kit to relay as per drawing 9. Go to Parameters- hard wire Configuration- In “Details” select three phase voltages & three phase currents and return back to hardware configuration. 10. Select Binary/Analog Inputs. Select one No binary input at test module input signal and enter the display name as “Trip” and click OK. 11. Select the device settings and confirm with actual settings. 12. GO to Parameter – Test object- Default test settings-select test model as a “Constant Test current”, I Test at 2A and check the “Allow reduction of I Test” Testing the Reach of the relay 1. Open the Test view 2. Select Shot 3. Select a point in Zone characteristics 4. Add to all the fault loops (L1-E, L2-E, L3-E, L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L1, L1-L2-L3) 5. Similarly select different points one by one and add to all the loops. 6. Go to test and Press Start/Continue Page 139 of 344

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MICOM P441

7. Compare the relay operation timings& reach values with set values 8. Check the correct LED and Contact Operation as per relay PSL. 9. After Completion of the test save the report. X/O 90

Zone Characteristics

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

R/O

VT Fuse Fail testing: In this test, the points to be checked are: 1. Whether VT fuse fail function is operating as per given settings or not? 2. Whether the relay tripping operation is blocked under the fuse fail condition or not? This test can be conducted using State Sequencer Module in Omicron test kit Three different states are to be defined. 1. Define a state with Balanced nominal voltages at 63.51V with balanced angles. Balanced load current at 0.1A. This is a healthy system. The max time for O/P of this state is to kept at 5 sec 2. Define another state with VA-N reduced value as per fuse fail setting and remaining all having the same values. This is Fuse fail state. The max time for O/P of this state is to kept at 15 sec 3. Define Third state with VA-N=0 and IA=2A, remaining all the values are same as previous state. This is a trip state. The max time for O/P of this state is to kept at 1 sec

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MICOM P441

Click on the Start/Continue Test icon or select "Test | Start". Then as per given timing, VT Fuse fail Alarm should come on the front LEDs (if configured) and trip should be blocked. It indicates VT fuse fail function blocks the Trip Signal properly. SOTF 1. To Check the SOTF feature of the relay, first Confirm, whether SOTF feature is enabled. 2. Go to Distance protection module which is used for reach testing, Go to Parameters and select Test object. 3. In the Test object, select Default settings 4. In the Default settings, make prefault time as zero and Max time as 1.0 sec 5. Open the test view. 6. Apply a single shot in the operating zone of the B/U impedance protection L-L or L-E fault loop. 7. Then Relay should give a trip command on SOTF which can be confirmed from front LED.

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REB500

TESTING PROCEDURE FOR NUMERICAL BUSBAR PROTECTION SYSTEM TYPE REB 500 INTRODUCTION

The Numerical Bus bar Protection system REB 500 belong to the generation of fully numerical protection device. It is the modified and much upgraded version of first generation numerical Bus Bar protection system REB-103. The operation time of the relay is between 20 msec to 28msec. REB500 is a standard application for bus bar protection. However provision for integrating the optional protection functions and REB500sys (line protection or transformer protection) are also available. The following protection features are activated in REB 500 at POWERGRID. 1. Bus Bar Protection (BBP)-Activated 2. Breaker Failure Protection (BFP)- Activated 3. End Fault Protection (EFP)- Deactivated Bay Unit (500 BU03): Bay unit performs the function of measuring of the concerned bay current, receiving the input signals which includes position of CB & Isolator, blocking signal, starting signal, external resetting signal etc. through binary input & tripping of the concerned bay through binary output contact .

It contains 20 binary Input & 16 Binary out put. It has following three Front LEDs (i) Green: Glowing when relay is Ready (ii) Yellow : Will glow in case of Alarm (iii)Red: Will glow in case of Trip Central Unit (500CU03): The central unit collects all the data from all bay units, process & execute the protection algorithms and distributes the tripping signal via the output contacts of the bay units in the event of an internal fault. Both Bay units & central unit communicated with each other via optical fiber communication. Tripping Logic : Three criteria need to be fulfilled for the system operation: (i) Minimum Threshold (IKMin) – This is the first condition where differential current should be greater than the Minimum threshold value set i.e. Idiff> IKMin.

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REB500

(ii) Amplitude Comparison – This is the second condition where the differential current / Restraining current should be greater than the stability factor (k) set in the relay. (iii) Phase Comparison – This is the third condition where the resultant phase angle of the currents should be less than the phase angle(ø) set in the relay.

CHECKING OF BUS BAR PROTECTION FUNCTION SECONDARY INJECTION TEST : 1. List of Equipment required for Test : (i) Test Leads for connection between test Kit & CT Terminal blocks (ii) Numeric Relay test Kit. 2. Precaution to be Taken before testing of Bus Bar Protection : (i) Isolate the Bus to be tested by opening of all the Bus Isolators (ii) Short the CTs of the concerned bay where testing to be carried out with the help of CT shorting facility provided in the TB (iii)Close the CB of the Bay related to testing as the bay is assigned to the bus bar only when the circuit breaker is closed. (iv) Disable the Breaker Failure Protection of the Bay Unit as the Operation of the Bus Bar protection will initiate the Breaker Failure Protection .

3. PREPARATION BEFORE TESTING: (i) Connect the 1-Phase Ac supply to relay test Kit (ii) Connect the Testing lead in the Current terminal of the Testing Kit & Connect the earthing of kit.

4. Checking of Differential Current Alarm :

Differential alarm arises due to open / short CT conditions. The setting for differential current alarm is set in the menu of Bus bar protection setting and is a factor of IKMin. Depending on the load conditions of the station differential current alarm is set to ensure that CT open / short circuit conditions are detected in bay with low load. This feature is used to Block the Operation of the Bus Bar Protection & the tripping.

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REB500

Differential alarm may also arise due to following condition a. Wrong CT ratio b. Incorrect wired CT (wrong direction and therefore phases) c. Wrong isolator & CB return confirmation signals. Operational Criteria: If the Differential Current exceeds the adopted setting for a set period of time then the differential alarm appears The system comes back to normal operation once the differential alarm condition disappears. Note: The operating value of the differential alarm must be set lower than the lowest possible load current.

For Example: If the Line CT Ratio is 1000/1 A CTR for Bus Bar will be 2000/1 A As per norms max operating differential current for Bus Bar Protection should be 110% of max line current i.e 1100A Hence the Min Diff. current required for Bus Bar Operation: 1100/2000= 550 mA As per norms Min operating diff current required for generating alarm should be 5% of max line current required for Bus Bar operation: 5% of 1100= 55 A Hence Min secondary Current for the operation of Differential Alarm: 55/2000= 27.5 mA Time delay for generating the alarm: 5 sec

5. Differential Alarm Check Procedure: (i) Initially set the delay time as Zero for checking the pick of the alarm (ii) Connect the testing lead from testing kit for checking the R phase of the relay. (iii)Select any test feature of the relay test kit software and select following setting; Test mode =Manual  Manual setting = Related  Related to= I1  Step setting= 0.01  Select I1=50 mA 

I2= 0 A



I3= 0 A

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REB500

(iv) Start the test and check the current on the Relay screen through HMI display in measurement. It will be as same as displayed on the relay test Kit. (v) Increase the current step by step (vi) Note down the reading of the current at which Alarm LED Glow and “Differential Current Alarm “ generate (vii) Now decrease the current and note down the reading at which the alarm LED became off and the alarm disappear from screen.

TIMER CHECKING FOR DIFFERENTIAL ALARM: (i) Now set the delay as 5.0 Sec and connect the relay alarm contact at the binary input of the relay test kit to stop it automatically. (ii) Adopt the following setting in the Any test as described on Sl.no-4.2  Test mode =Auto  Select variable= Amplitude  Select= I1  Step In Parameter  Start End Value= Little More than the vale at which alarm appear  Step= 0.01 A  Step time= More than set value i. e 5.0 Sec (iii)Start the Current, Relay test kit will appear the current with a delay of the set time and if the block is generated at a delay of 5.0 sec, the binary output contact assign for the alarm will make and stop the kit. (iv) Note down the time displayed in Test result. (v) Repeat the same procedure by inserting the CT input for “ Y” phase and for ‘B’ phase

Differential Element Trip Check Procedure :

(i) Connect the testing lead from testing kit for checking the R phase of the relay. (ii) Select any test feature of the M2win relay test kit software and select following setting; Test mode =Manual  Manual setting = Related  Related to= I1 Page 208 of 344

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REB500

 Step setting= 0.01  Select I1=540 mA  I2= 0 A  I3= 0 A (iii)Start the test and check the current on the Relay screen through HMI display in measurement. It will be as same as displayed on the relay test Kit. (iv) Increase the current step by step (v) Note down the reading of the current at which Trip LED Glow and “Bus Bar Protection Trip “ displayed on screen (vi) Now decrease the current and note down the reading at which the Relay resets and Trip LED turns off.

TIMER CHECKING FOR DIFFERENTIAL TRIP: (i) Connect the relay trip contact at the binary input of the relay test kit to stop it automatically. (ii) Adopt the following setting in the any test as described on Sl.no-4.2  Test mode =Auto  Select variable= Amplitude  Select= I1  Step In Parameter  Start End Value= Little More than the vale at which Trip appear  Step= 0.01 A  Step time= More than operating time of relay. (iii)Start the Current in the Relay test kit. Trip is generated and

the binary output contact

assigned for trip will make and will stop the kit. (iv) Note down the time displayed in Test result. (v) Repeat the same procedure by inserting the CT input for “ Y” phase and for ‘B’ phase

Note: Carefully assign the output binary contact of the relay in case of operation of Bus Bar Protection as per logic and wiring done on the output contacts in order to avoid the wrong operation. Check for binary output configuration is mandatory before testing.

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REB500

CHECKING OF BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION:-

INTRODUCTION : The Breaker Failure Protection will come in operation in case of non responding of the breaker with in a predetermined time interval in case of a trip command issued to it from any protection.

Starting Signal for Breaker Failure Protection:-

Starting signal for Breaker Failure Protection will be from all trip relays in the particular bay (via binary input) and within the bus bar protection.

Operating Criteria:- If the fault current is flowing through the relay above a specified value along with the initiation input for a specified time, it is presumed by the relay that the Circuit breaker has not responded to the command issue on operation of the above protection. The relay will take the necessary action as per the below. There are two timer in Breaker Failure Protection, function of each is listed below:-

Timer (T1): After expiry of this timer if the fault current is persisting more than the set value along with the initiation then relay will issue trip command to it’s own Breaker as a secondary tripping.

Timer (T2):on expiry of this timer ,If the fault current is still persisting more than the set value then the relay will trip the following: Tripping the adjacent Circuit Breakers connected to the same bus.  Tripping remote end through sending direct trip via PLCC (also configurable for t1 timer) Note: The timing of both T1 & T2 may be kept from 0 to 5000 msec but can not be disable any of T1 or T2 in relay.

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REB500

SECONDARY INJECTION TEST :

List of Equipment required for Test:

(i)Test Leads for connection between test Kit &CT terminal block (ii) Numeric Relay test Kit

PREPARATION BEFORE TESTING: (i) Connect the 1-Phase Ac supply to relay test Kit (ii) Connect the Testing lead in the Current terminal of the Testing Kit & Connect the earthing of kit.

Checking of Pick up of Relay (i) Firstly set the time of T1 & T2 as Zero in relay for BFP Protection (ii) Disable the Bus Bar Protection of the relay to prevent the initiation from the BFP protection. (iii)Give external initiation to respective bay unit to be tested by giving continuous positive DC input . (iv) Connect the output from testing kit or Variac for checking the operation of R/ Y /B phase of the relay. (v) Select the any test feature of the relay test kit software and select following setting; Test mode =Manual  Manual setting = Related  Related to= I1  Step setting= 0.01  Select I1=190 mA  I2= 0 A  I3= 0 A (vi) Start the test and check the current on the Relay screen through HMI display in measurement. It will be as same as displayed on the relay test Kit (vii) Increase the current step by step

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REB500

(viii) Note down the reading of the current at which RED Trip LED Glow and “BFP TRIP T1 & BFP TRIP T2“ displayed. (ix) Now decrease the current and note down the reading at which the relay reset.

TIMER CHECKING FOR BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION:

(i) Now set the delay T1 as 100 msec and T2 as 0 msec . (ii) Adopt the following setting in the Any test as described on Sl.no-4.2  Test mode =Auto  Select variable= Amplitude  Select= I1  End Value in Parameter: More than the actual value at which the relay pick in at S.N 10.5.  Step= 0.01 A  Step time= More than set value of T1.  Give the output contact of relay to be operated after T1 time in binary input of kit to stop it automatically. (iii) Set the fault current in I1 and start the test. (iv) The Kit will create the fault and “BFP trip T1” will appear on relay screen and kit will stop on operation . at the same time “BFP trip T2” will also appear as the time delay of T2 is set to be zero after operation of T1. (v) Note down the time displayed in Test result. (vi) Confirm the operation of the relays from the event list. (vii) Repeat the same procedure for the Y& B phase after changing the CT input (viii) Now Set T1=0 and T2=100 msec and repeat the same procedure for all the R,Y & B phase of relay. (ix) Note: Carefully assign the binary out put contact of relay for the relay operation after Time T1 & T2 in the relay configuration as per the actual wiring done on the binary output . Mismatch of configuration and wiring may lead the wrong operation.

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REB500

NORMALIZATION OF RELAY:

(i) Switch off the Test Kit & remove the all testing leads (ii) Remove the external initiation to relay (iii)Make through the CT inputs. (iv) Observe the relay for no operation. (v) Observe all the Trip & Alarm LED are reset. (vi) Check for differential current in the central unit. Ensure differential current is ~0 A (vii) Activate the BBP protection of relay (viii) Set the Timer T1 & T2 as per actual setting.

FORMAT FOR REB 500 RELAY TEST RECORD:

Type of Check:

Pre-commissioning /Annual/Breakdown

SFT/PTW No-

Date & Time of Test:

RELAY DETAIL:

Name of Sub station: Bus Detail: Bay No :Name of Relay: Make of Relay: Type of Relay: Relay Sr. No: Relay Model No: CT Ratio: Rated Current:

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REB500

Testing Kit Detail :

(i) Test Kit Type: (ii) Test Kit Sr. No:(iii)Model No:(iv) Make:-

Setting for Differential Alarm Check of Bus Bar Protection : IKMin: Differential Current Alarm: 10% of IKMin Alarm Time Delay :

Format for Diff. Alarm Check :

Phase Bay unit Test Handle No

LED

Alarm Result

Terminal

Set

Set

Operated Operated Indication

No

Value

Time

Value

Time

Setting for Differential Trip Check for Bus Bar Protection : IKMin: Differential Trip : 100% of IKMin Alarm Time Delay : Instantaneous

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Format for Differential Trip Check:

Phase

Bay

unit

No

Test

Handle

Result

Terminal No

Set Value

LED Indication Operated Value

Setting for Breaker Failure Protection : IKMin: CTR: Current Setting: 10% if CTR is 2000/1 A : 20% if CTR is 1000/1 A Alarm Time Delay T1 : 100 msec T2 : 100 msec

Format for Reach Check :

Phase

Bay No

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unit

Test

Handle

Terminal No

Result Set Value

LED Indication Operated Value

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REB500

Format for Timer Check:

Phase Bay

Test Handle

unit No Terminal No

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Result

LED Indication

Set

Operated Set

Operated

Value

Value

Value

value T2

T1

T1

T2

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REB500

General Check:(i) 220 V DC supply Input:(ii) (Measure across terminal 1 & 18 of test Handle) (iii)Annunciation Check:(iv) Event Check:(v) Trip Logic Check as per Drawing:(vi) DR check:-

Signature of Testing Engineer

Signature of S/s In charge

Name:Designation:Date:Emp No-

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REL 531

TESTING PROCEDURE FOR DISTANCE PROTECTION

RELAY TYPE: REL 531

MAKE: ABB

Description: REL 531 is a numerical distance relay having fast operating time less than one cycle. Relay consists of five independent zones, in built DR & fault locator, which can be configured as per site requirement. Relay has four different setting groups. Relay can be configured for different protection scheme as per requirement such as over voltage, directional earth fault, over current, VT fuse fail, Breaker failure, Auto reclose, Synchro check etc.

PREREQUISITE:Before the start of relay testing following must be ensure to available with testing Engineer 1.

Relay testing kit with laptop

2. Testing leads/ leads 3. Clamp meter/Multi meter 4. Screwdriver set 5. Single phase supply 6. RTXH-18 test handle ( Used in ABB make relays) 7. Relay manual 8. As built drawing of relay panel 9. Scientific calculator CONNECTION DETAIL & SEQUENCE:1.

DC input voltage: 220 V

2.

CT terminals: 3,4,5,6 terminal of RTXH 18 test handle

3.

CVT terminals: 7,8,9,10 terminal of RTXH test handle.

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4.

REL 531

Insert RTXH 18 test handle in to relay test plug. When test handle inserted in to the test switch, preparation of testing are automatically carried out in proper sequence i.e blocking the tripping circuit, shot circuiting CTs, opening voltage circuit & making relay terminals available for secondary injection.

5.

Connect current output leads of testing kit to the terminals in proper sequence R,Y,B,N to the relay at 3,4,5,6 respectively.

6.

Connect voltage output leads of testing kit to the terminals in proper sequence R,Y,B,N to the relay at 7,8,9,10 respectively.

7.

Connect one binary contact of relay to testing kit BINARY INPUT point. RELAY TEST KIT support both potential free & with potential contact for feedback contact therefore any suitable contact can be taken with proper setting in kit hardware configuration.

8.

Connect laptop to Relay Test kit & extend single phase supply to the set up. PRECUATION: During connection of Current and voltage input ensure proper isolation form switch yard (CT & CVT supply) along with other necessary precaution if relay to be tested on line. Further tripping isolation to be doubly ensured before the start of test. PREPARING THE RELAY CHARACTERISTICS:

This is the most important and delicate step in the relay testing procedure. REL 531 uses a complex quadrilateral characteristic for all fault loops. It is recommended that relay characteristics should be prepared well in advance so that unnecessary wastage of time can be avoided during the testing of relay.

The relay characteristics can be prepared by following three methods: 1. Preparation of characteristics with the help of “ RIO” file. 2. Preparation of characteristics with the help of “ XRIO” file. 3. Manually preparation of relay characteristics with the help of RELAY TEST KIT test software.

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REL 531

1. Preparation of characteristics with the help of “ RIO” file:- The term RIO stands for Relay Interface by RELAY TEST KIT, a technology that helps testing engineer to draw relay characteristics with the help of already prepared templates. The main problem with this method is that user has to calculate various setting as per relay algorithm. We cannot work directly with relay specific parameters. Relay parameters must be transformed in to RIO format, which can be done with the help of “EXCEL TO RIO converter”. The RIO converter for all relays is available in RELAY TEST KIT library or can be downloaded from Relay Test Kit web site. The procedure of preparation of relay characteristics as follows:-

(i) Open the “EXCEL TO RIO converter” file. Enable the micros if software asks for that. (ii) A window will appear. Fill all the required information such as Substation name, CT ratio, PT ratio, relay sr no , & zone parameters. (iii) Click on Save RIO file and save the newly generated RIO file at appropriate location. (iv) Open Test universe –Relay Test Kit software. Select Software or distance. (v) Open the “Test Object” in “Parameter menu”

a. Now go to File and then Import. b. Select the RIO file already available or recently generated by RIO converter. c. Feed the necessary information related to Name plate, Location, Nominal value in device menu. d. Click OK , Relay characteristics is now generated and ready for testing.

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e. Before the start of testing configure the hardware (Analog output, Binary input, Binary output etc) in “Parameter->Hardware configuration” menu.

2. Preparation of characteristics with the help of “XRIO” file:- The term XRIO stands for eXtended Relay Interface by RELAY TEST KIT . The main advantage of XRIO is that user has to feed basic relay setting parameters in XRIO for development of relay characteristics. This way, an XRIO converter significantly simplifies the setup of a test object. The XRIO converter for all relays is available in RELAY TEST KIT test library or can be downloaded from Relay Test Kit web site. The procedure of preparation of relay characteristics as follows:(i) Open Test universe –Relay Test Kit software. Select Software or distance module. (ii) Open the “Test Object” in “Parameter menu”. (iii) Now go to File and then Import. (iv) Select the XRIO file of REL 531 relay

from

Relay Test Kit test library >test object_XRIO folder. (v) Feed the necessary information related relay setting. The menus are same as relay setting. (vi) Click OK, Relay characteristics is now generated and ready for testing. (vii)

Before the start of testing configure the hardware (Analog output,

Binary input, Binary output etc) in “Parameter->Hardware configuration” menu.

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REL 531

3. Manually preparation of relay characteristics with the help of

RELAY TEST KIT Test

universe software:-

REL 531 characteristics can be prepared manually with the help of RELAY TEST KIT Test universe software. Following steps should be followed for preparing relay characteristics manually. (i) Open Relay Test Kit software and select Distance Protection from the menu. (ii) Select PARAMETERS >hardware configuration and feed all required information related to testing kit configuration, Analog output, Binary input, Binary output etc (iii) Again select PARAMETERS > Test object. (iv) Select Device and feed all Device setting, Nominal value etc as per setup. (v) Before preparing L-L & L-E characteristics following calculation has to be done

Phase to Phase fault:- For L-L fault characteristics following setting are necessary : -

X1PP, R1PP,RFPP & tPP.

Line angle must be calculated individually for each zone of protection (i) Line angle for Phase faults= Tan -1(X1PP/R1PP) (ii) Resistive reach R= RFPP/2 (RFPP-loop impedance) (iii) Reactive reach X= X1PP (iv) The directional lines of the relay are ArgDir =15 ˚ (Default value) (v) ArgNegRes = 115 ˚ (Default value)

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REL 531

For example following settings are given for Phase to Phase faults Setting

Zone-1

Zone-2

Zone-3

Zone-4

Unit

Operation Forward

Forward

Reverse

Forward

X1PP

5.00

10.00

5.00

15.00

Ohm/Phase

R1PP

1.00

2.000

1.00

1.000

Ohm/Phase

RFPP

5.00

10.00

5.00

15.00

Ohm/loop

tPP

0.00

0.400

1.00

1.000

Second

Calculation:(i) Line angle for Phase faults= Tan -1(X1PP/R1PP) = 78.69 (ii) Resistive reach R= RFPP/2 (RFPP-loop impedance)=2.5 Ohm/loop Reactive reach X= X1PP =5.0 ohm /phase (iii) The directional lines of the relay are ArgDir =15 ˚ (Default value) (iv) ArgNegRes = 115 ˚ (Default value) The Z-1 calculated value can now enter in to “Characteristics Editor (L-L)” (i) Line-1: R= 0 ohm; X= 0 ohm; Angle=-15 (ii) Line-2: R=2.5 ohm; X= 0 ohm; Angle=78.69 (iii) Line-3: R= 0 ohm; X=5 ohm; Angle=0 (iv) Line-4: R= -2.5 ohm; X= 0 ohm; Angle=78.69 (v) Line-5: R=0 ohm; X= 0 ohm; Angle=115 Phase to earth fault:- For L-E fault characteristics following setting are necessary : -

X1PE, R1PE, X0PE, R0PE, RFPP & tPE.

Line angle must be calculated individually for each zone of protection (i) Line

angle

for

Earth

faults

=

Tan

1(2*X1PE+X0PE)/2*R1PE+R0PE)=78.69 (ii) Resistive reach R= RFPE (iii) Reactive reach X= 2/3*X1PE + 1/3*X0PE (iv) Earth fault compensation Z0/Z1= 1 ; angle-0.00 ˚ ( default value) (v) The directional lines of the relay are ArgDir =15 ˚ (Default value)

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REL 531

(vi) ArgNegRes = 115 ˚ (Default value)

For example following settings are given for Phase to Earth faults Setting

Zone-1

Zone-2

Zone-3

Zone-4

Unit

Operation Forward

Forward

Reverse

Forward

X1PE

5.00

10.00

5.00

15.00

Ohm/Phase

R1PE

1.00

2.000

1.00

3.000

Ohm/Phase

X0PE

15.0

30.00

15.0

45.00

Ohm/Phase

R0PE

3.00

6.000

3.00

9.000

Ohm/Phase

RFPE

5.00

10.00

5.00

15.00

Ohm/loop

tPE

0.00

0.400

1.00

1.00

Second

Calculation:(i) Line angle for Phase faults= Tan -1(2*X1PE+X0PE)/2*R1PE+R0PE)= 78.69 (ii) Resistive reach R= RFPE=5.0 Ohm/Loop (iii) Reactive reach X= 2/3*X1PE + 1/3*X0PE = 8.33 ohm /phase (iv) The directional lines of the relay are ArgDir =15 ˚ (Default value) (v) ArgNegRes = 115 ˚ (Default value) The Z-1 calculated value can now enter in to “Characteristics Editor (L-E)” (i) Line-1: R= 0 ohm; X=0 ohm; Angle=-15 (ii) Line-2: R=5.0 ohm; X= 0 ohm; Angle=78.69 (iii) Line-3: R= 0 ohm; X=8.33ohm; Angle=0 (iv) Line-4: R= -5.0 ohm; X= 0 ohm; Angle=78.69 (v) Line-5: R= 0.0 ohm; X= 0 ohm; Angle= 115

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REL 531

Other zone will be calculated same as Z-1 calculation. (i) Select System setting by going through Parameters>Test object>Distance and feed the necessary information in system parameters, tolerances. Select Z0/Z1 equal to 1 & angle 0 ˚ degree (ii) “Separate Arc Resistance” algorithm should be selected disable. (iii) Select Zone setting by going through Parameters>Test object>Distance. Select New Z1 will appear in menu. Select Label -Z1 All; Type- tripping; Fault loop-L-N and Active. Feed all values of trip time & tolerances in Zone detail Z1 L-E. (iv) Select Edit; Characteristics Editor will appear. Select Quadrilateral in Predefined Shapes. (v) Select Line Cartesian & feed value of R, X, Angle as per calculation performed above. Select Add in Element List to add line 5 if not appear. Select OK after feeding all values. (vi) Repeat steps h to J for different Zones & faults (L-E & L-L) faults. Select OK after the completion of all zone & fault. (vii)

RELAY TEST KIT Distance [Test view: xxx] will appear with

characteristics. TESTING THE REACH OF RELAY:

(i) In RELAY TEST KIT Distance [Test view : xxx] go to Setting and select Test model> Constant current mode; Allow reduction of I test; Fault inception> random; Prefault, max fault , Post fault timing. Select Time reference Fault inception. (ii) Go to Trigger and select Trigger logic OR and select Trip>1 & other as per requirement. Binary contacts of relay

(potential free/with potential)

should be connected at Binary input as per selection made . (iii) Go to Shot Test and select a point at line angle just inside the zone-1. Click at Add To and select R-N,Y-N,B-N and click OK. The point is added to all three phases (L-E). Similarly select points just inside &

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REL 531

outside the all zones & one point outside the reach of relay using Add To feature. (iv) Follow the same procedure for all zone & phases for Phase-to-Phase & 3 phase faults. (v) Click at Start/Continues test. The relay should operate as per zone timing in setting. The operating time is displayed on the screen. Please ensure that the tripping contact of relay should be extended to binary input of test kit as per selection at trigger menu. (vi) Operation of relay can also be confirmed at local HMI. TESTING THE SWITCH ON TO FAULT (SOTF) FEATURE:

(i) To check SOTF feature in relay the pre fault time should be kept 0 second in setting menu. (ii) Give the shot in Zone -1. Relay should operate on SOTF. Give fault in Zone 2 relay should operate instantaneously with SOTF indication in relay HMI. (iii) Repeat this process for L-E & L-L faults. (iv) Please go through the drawing & SOTF logic in setting (DLD logic:- no external input required, SOTF- BC external input required) In SOTF –BC logic +ve from CB remote switch at control panel also required for SOTF. In that case extend the +ve to relay during testing SOTF feature. (v) The above testing can also be performed automatically in State Sequencer mode. The steps of state sequencer are a. Step 1-Fault in Zone -1 with normal pre fault value b. Step-2-Fault in Zone- 1 with pre fault zero. c. Step-3-Fault in Zone-2 with pre fault zero.

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REL 531

TESTING OF CARRIER SEND FEATURE:

(i) Feed the fault in Zone-1. Carrier send auxiliary relay should operate. Otherwise connect multi meter at Carrier send contact of relay. During the fault contact should make & extend the DC, this is confirmed with momentarily display of DC in multimeter. Now feed the fault in Z-2, there should not be any carrier send command initiated by relay. This can be confirmed with the help of multimeter or operation of CR auxiliary relay. (ii) Repeat the above procedure for phase-to-phase fault also. (iii) Carrier send logic depends upon the scheme which is adopted in relay ( PUR/POR etc). Check the operation of carrier sends as per adopted scheme. TESTING OF CARRIER RECEIVE FEATURE :

(i) Identify the carrier receive terminal as per relay scheme drawing. (ii) Operate the relay in Phase to Phase & Phase to earth fault in zone -1, relay will trip instantaneously. (iii)Operate the relay in Phase to Phase & Phase to earth fault in zone -2, relay will trip zone 2 time. (iv) Operate relay at same zone 2 fault point and simultaneously short the CR receive point momentarily. Relay should operate in carrier acceleration timing say 50 to 80 ms, slightly higher than Zone -1 tripping time. (v) Operation can be confirmed at local HMI by “carrier Aided trip” indication. (vi) The above testing can also be performed automatically in State Sequencer mode. The steps of state sequencer are:

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REL 531

a. Step 1-Healthy system. b.Step 2-Fault in Zone -1 c. Step 3-Fault in Zone-2 d.Step 4-Fault in Zone -2 with Binary output of kit as Carrier received input to relay. TESTING OF STUB PROTECTION FEATURE

1. Logic used for Stub protection in relay is as below :

Line Isolator Open I fault> I set

Trip Out Trip Out

If>Iset

(i) Checking of logic a. Simulate LINE ISOLATOR OPEN condition  Open Software & Inject I fault < Iset , Relay should not give trip out  Open Software & Inject I fault > Iset , Relay should give trip out (ii) Simulate LINE ISOLATOR CLOSE condition a. Open Software & Inject I fault > Iset , Relay should not give trip out

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REL 531

TESTING OF BROKEN CONDUCTOR FEATURE:

Broken conductor feature is generally checked by simulating in unbalanced condition 1. Check the broken conductor setting and confirm the feature is kept on. Also check the setting for unbalance ( I-Diff of I-Max & I min) of the current between phase. Lets take it as 80% 2. In Software sub menu, set phase voltages for all three phases as 63.5 V. Set any all phase current as 0.8A and reduce only one phase current till 20% of 0.8 A ( = 0.16 A) . Wait for 5 sec 3. The Relay should sense it as broken conductor indicated as “BRC” 4. Confirm it should be used for alarm purpose only. TESTING OF FAULT LOCATOR FEATURE:

1.

For testing this feature makes sure that If should be higher than 30 % of Ir.

2. Calculate the Zone -1 reach in Km/Miles from relay setting. 3. Operate the relay for phase to phase & Phase to earth fault in the various points subject to 100 % line length. 4. At local HMI in disturbance report menu see the distance of fault locator sub menu. 5. The distance should match with theoretical value. TESTING OF POWER SWING BLOCKING (PSB) FEATURE:

Power swing is detected when impedance travels from outer boundary of power swing impedance (Z out) value to inner boundary of power swing impedance (Z In) value at a slower rate. 1. Open the Software test tool in Relay Test Kit software. 2. Keep voltage of all the phase to 63.5 Volt and current 1 Amps. 3. Calculate the Z in & Z out

value from setting. Please note that initial impedance

should be slightly above the outer boundary of PSB setting. For example if outer boundary impedance of PSD setting is 30 Ohm we can start test from voltage as 40 V, & current 1 A.

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REL 531

4. Keep the current as constant; gradually vary the voltage in all phases till PSB start indication signal value become high (1). Path for PSB signal in HMI: Service report> Function>Impedance>Power swing detection>Functional output> PSB Start (0) Normal value. 5. The above testing can also be performed automatically in Ramping feature of Relay Test Kit software. The steps of PSB check by ramping are: (i)

Step 1- Select Ramping in Ramping menu

(ii)

Step 2-Select set mode –Z-I Constant; fault – R-Y-B: Signal 1- Z 1

Fault; Function –Magnitude (iii) Step 3- Select Trigger- None in Detail view trigger menu. In test view mode feed signal -1 From to Impedance value as per Z out & Z in. Set Delta such that estimate test time comes more than

200 ms.

(iv) Step 4- Execute the simulation by clicking Start/continuous button. In REL 531 PSD detection can be configured by two modes i.e “ one of three phase operation” & ”Two out of three phase operation”.

Testing can also be done by simply

varying one phase voltage in 1 of 3 mode & two-phase voltage in 2 of 3 modes.

TESTING OF FUSE FAIL FEATURE

1. See the setting for voltage & current setting for fuse fail. Let us take both setting of 3Uo & 3Io of set value. 2. Open the Software test tool in Relay Test Kit software. Set R &Y voltage as 63.5 V and B as 0.0V. Set all the three phase current as 0.2 A. 3. Apply value to the relay. The relay should sense it as: Fuse fail” This can be confirmed from HMI. (i) Testing can also be performed automatically in State Sequencer mode. The steps of state sequencer are

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REL 531

a. Step 1-Healthy system 1 b. Step 2-Fuse fail condition, whereas one voltage is stepped to zero volt for long enough time for fuse fail function of relay to pick up. c. Step 3- Simulate an earth fault on same phase to verify that fuse fail function BLOCK the trip signal. d. Step 4- Healthy system 2 that is exactly the same as step 1, use to reset fuse fail state. e. Step 5- Simulate an earth fault condition same as step 3 on same phase. This time relay should trip as no fuse fail condition exist. TESTING OF DIRECTION EARTH FAULT FEATURE

To take care of high resistive faults generally DEF feature of relay is used in REL 531. Directional element of REL 531 relay works on residual voltage (3V0) polarized method. Suppose MTA (minimum torque angle) of relay is set to 145 ˚ this mean MTA leads 3V0 by 145 ˚.Following steps should be follow in testing directional element of DEF/ TEF feature of REL 531.

(i) Disable distance & OC feature of relay from HMI to avoid tripping at

distance/OC

element. (ii) Connect any trip contact of relay to RELAY TEST KIT binary input 1 (TRIP) & start contact of relay (START) to binary input 2. (iii) The test will be performed by using Ramping module of RELAY TEST KIT test universe. For Pick up /drop out test of directional function, four consecutive ramp states have to be defined. (iv) The four states of Ramping are as follows:a. Ramping state 1: Inject three phase balance voltage and no current for at least 1 second. This will provide the relay with enough sample/memory for correct directional operation. For configure this go to Ramping> Parameters >test object>device; feed all the necessary information Such as f nom, V nom, V primary, etc. Configure the hardware in

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REL 531

Parameter>Hardware configuration as per requirement. In Test view: Ramping go to Ramping states; select Signal 1 as IA, Function as Phase; Signal 2 None. For Ramp State 1 Phase of I A should be ramped from 0 ˚ to 360 ˚ with step time - dt 1 sec. b. Ramp state 2: Decrease Va enough so that 3 V0 > setting 3V0 .Set current to 2 * current setting (IN Dir). Step the phase angle of IA from 75 ˚ to 55 ˚ for testing pick up. In Ramp State 2 select Phase of I A ramped from 60 ˚ to 30 ˚ with delta 1.0 ˚ , step time- dt at least 200 ms ( must be greater than possible starting time of relay) c. Ramping State 3 : Same as ramp state -1 d. Ramping state 4 : Set the same Voltage & current condition as in state 2 . Step the angle of IA from 235˚ to 255 ˚. This determines the pick up 2 of relay’s directional area at 245 ˚. In State 4, select Phase of I A ramped from 235 ˚ to 255 ˚ with delta 1.0 ˚ , step time- dt at least 200 ms . (v) All output values that do not change i.e not ramped during test is defined on “Analog Output” tab in Detail view. For state 1 & 3 set voltage nominal i.e. 63.5 V & I at three phases zero. Ramping sate 2 & 4 are set as per relay setting i.e 3 V0 & IA to 2 * PS (IN dir). (vi) To configure binary contact select Trigger tab in detail view; select stop condition for ramp state 1 & 3 to “None”. Select Stop condition for ramp state 2 & 4 to “Binary trigger” than Binary trigger condition to OR & Start at1. (vii)

Define pick up and drop out values to be measured in Measure View i.e state 2

& 4 angle etc. (viii)

Run the test by selecting “ Test/Start”

(ix) The IDMT characteristics ( directional & non directional as settled in relay)can be checked in over current menu of Relay Test Kit software.

The selected

characteristics can be prepared with the help of XRIO /RIO converter as explained

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REL 531

above or manually. During trip timing test Trigger should be selected with Trip contact by selecting Trip-1 & start –X in “General” tab.

TESTING OF AUTORECLOSURE FEATURE REL 531 relay can be configured for auto reclose scheme. Presently we are using external auto reclose relay. Following procedure is to be adopted for simulating fault conditions for auto-reclose relay testing.

1) Check the auto-reclose relay for proper settings i.e dead time, reclaim time and proper programme like single phase single shot etc. as per the auto reclose relay used. 2) Close the line breaker for simulation of the auto-reclose scheme. Ensure there is no blocking command to the auto-reclose relay like air pressure , spring charge statue etc as per the schematics drawings.

BASIC OPERATION OF AR RELAY IN ZONE-1

3) In distance protection option of Relay Test Kit , operate the relay for R-phase to earth fault in zone-I as per the procedure mentioned in checking reach of the relay by giving binary input to the test kit. 4) The R-phase breaker should trip and reclose. It may be confirmed from the control panel indication of breaker or by physically checking for the pole in the switchyard. Also download the disturbance recorder for analysing the correct operation of the breaker. 5) Again operate the relay for R-Y phase fault. The relay will give blocking command to the auto-reclose relay and three phase trip will occur (As we have selected the single phase single shot option in the A/R relay). The same can be confirmed from the disturbance recorder.

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BASIC OPERATION OF AR RELAY IN ZONE-2

6) Repeat the step 3, by giving R-phase fault in zone-2 with carrier received condition. This can be done with manually simulating carrier receive condition 7) or by using binary output of the test kit for the carrier receive and fed it to the relay. In this case also the auto-reclosure should take place successfully.

OPERATION OF AR RELAY FOR FAULT IN DEAD TIME

8) Auto-reclosure relay is to be tested for evolving fault also. For checking this feature state sequencer can be used in the Relay Test Kit test kit. First we shall check for the fault in the dead time of the relay:a) In state sequencer 3 states shall be generated. Name

Healthy State

VL1-E

63.5 V

0o

Zone-1 fault-1 50

0V

0o

Hz VL2-E

VL2-E

1L1

63.5 V

63.5 V

500

-120 o

120 o

-10 o

Ma 1L2

500

-130 o

mA 1L3

500

110 o

mA

Dead Time Fault 50

0V

0o

63.5

-120 o 50 Hz

50 Hz

Hz -120 o 50

50

63.5

Hz

V

50

63.5

Hz

V

50

2.0

Hz

A

50

500

-130 o 50

500

Hz

mA

Hz

mA

50

500

50

500

Hz

mA

Hz

mA

120 o

-85 o

110 o

Hz

V

50

63.5

Hz

V

50

2.0

Hz

A

120 o

50 Hz

-85 o

50 Hz

-130 o 50 Hz

110 o

50 Hz

CMC Rel

0 Output active

0 Output active

0 Output active

Trigger/ Time Out

No / 5.0 Sec

Yes / 1.0 Sec

Yes / 1.0 Sec

Delay after trigger

0

500 mSecs

0

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REL 531

b) In state-1, give healthy values of voltage and current are given. Take time out as 5.0 Secs, no trigger option and no delay after trigger. c) In state-2, give fault values for R-phase. Take time out as 1.0 Secs, enable trigger option and give 500 mSecs delay after trigger. d) In state-3, again give fault in zone-1, in any phase say R-phase. Take time out as 1.0 Secs, enable trigger option and no delay after trigger e) During state-2, R-phase breaker pole will open and auto reclose will be initiated & dead time (1.0 Secs) of relay will start. As we have taken 500 mSecs delay after trigger in state-2, the state -3 will be played during dead time and the breaker shall go for 3 phase tripping.

OPERATION OF AR RELAY FOR FAULT IN RECLAIM TIME 9) For checking operation of the relay with fault in reclaim time, following states in state sequencer may be followed:a) In state sequencer 3 states shall be generated. Name

Healthy State

Zone-1 fault-1

Reclaim

Time

Fault VL1-E

63.5

0

o

50 Hz

0.0 V

0

o

50 Hz

0V

0o

50

V VL2-E

63.5

Hz -120 o

50 Hz

63.5 V

-120 o

50 Hz

63.5 V

-120 o

V VL2-E

63.5

Hz 120

o

-10

o

50 Hz

63.5 V

120

o

50 Hz

63.5 V

120

o

50

V 1L1

500

Hz 50 Hz

2.0 A

-85

o

50 Hz

2.0 A

-85

o

50

mA 1L2

500

Hz -130

o

50 Hz

500 mA

-130

500 mA

o

o

50 Hz

mA 1L3

500

500

-130

o

mA 110

o

50 Hz

110

mA

50 Hz

500

50 Hz

110

o

mA

CMC Rel

0 Output active

0 Output active

0 Output active

Trigger/ Time Out

No / 5.0 Sec

Yes / 1.0 Sec

Yes / 1.0 Sec

Delay after trigger

0

15 Secs

0

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50

50 Hz

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REL 531

b) In state-1, give healthy values of voltage and current are given. Take time out as 5.0 Secs, no trigger option and no delay after trigger. c) In state-2, give fault values for R-phase. Take time out as 1.0 Secs, enable trigger option and give 15 Secs delay after trigger. d) In state-3, again give fault in zone-1, in any phase say R-phase. Take time out as 1.0 Secs, enable trigger option and no delay after trigger e) During state-2, R-phase breaker pole will open and auto reclose will be initiated & dead time (1.0 Secs) of relay will start. After dead time closing command shall be given to the breaker and breaker will close and reclaim time (25 Secs generally) of the breaker will start. As we have taken 15 Secs delay after trigger in state-2, the state -3 will be played during reclaim time and the breaker shall go for 3 phase tripping.

TESTING OF DR 1. For testing disturbance recorder, Close the breaker of the feeder under test. 2. Give any fault in Zone-1, and the breaker trip the breaker. 3. Download the DR from either front port communication or through centralized DR in control room. 4. Compare the downloaded DR with the graphical waveform generated fault values in the Relay Test Kit test report. 5. There is option for the manual triggering also in the relay. 6. Give healthy voltages and current to the relay through Software. 7. Follow the path:- Main Menu – Disturbance report – Manual Trig – Yes / No 8. Press ENTER. DR will be triggered and can be downloaded for analysing the analog values.

TIME SYNCHRONISATION 1) Follow the path :- Main Menu – Service report – Time 2) Date & time shall be displayed on the HMI. 3) Check whether ppm pulse or pps pulse is being given to the relay for time synchronization.

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REL 531

4) In case of ppm pulse. Set the time in the relay within the difference of 1 minute with the GPS clock. i.e if the time in the GPS is 11:21:50, keep the time in the relay as 11:21:10. As soon as the time in the GPS clock reaches 11:22:00, ppm pulse will synchronise the time in the relay to the GPS clock.

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REL 670

Testing Procedure for REL670 REL670 is a complete solution to Protection of a Transmission Line. Generally we are using following features: 1. Distance Protection comprising Five Independent Zones. 2. Over Voltage Stage I & II 3. Power Swing Detection, Blocking / Tripping. 4. Switch On to Fault (SOTF). 5. Stub Protection (Applicable in 4 CT schemes). 6. Directional Earth Fault (DEF). 7. Fuse Failure. 8. Fault Locator. Also this relay is having in-built Disturbance Recorder having capacity to store 99 Recordings.

Detail of Relay under Test: 1. DC Input Voltage – 220V 2. CT Terminals - 3,4,5,6 Terminals of Test Handle. 3. CVT Terminals – 7, 8,9,10 Terminals of Test Handle.

Testing Instruments Required: 1. RELAY TEST KIT with Laptop. 2. Testing Leads 3. Digital Multi meter

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REL 670

4. Screw driver Set 5. Test Handle as per the Relay Panel Scheme

Test Connections: 1. Insert RTXP18 Test Handle in the Relay Test Block. 2. Connect Current Output of the Test Kit to the Test Handle at Terminals 3,4,5,6 in sequence of R, Y, B and N respectively. 3. Connect Voltage Output of the Test Kit to the Test Handle at Terminals 7,8,9,10 in sequence of R, Y, B and N respectively. 4. Connect General Trip Output of the Relay as feedback to the Test Kit in Logic Input (generally Input 1) of the Relay Test Kit. 5. Connect Laptop of the Testing kit with Relay Test Kit through the suitable communication cable to the suitable port. 6. Connect 15A Single Phase AC Supply cable to the suitable 15A Power Socket. Note: Before connecting supply Cable, check the grounding of the Power Socket.

Preparing the Relay Characteristic and Importing it in the Software: 1. Feed the Zone Settings in the Rio file maker provided with the Relay Test Kit Relay Test Kit Software. 2. Click on Make Rio. 3. Then the “.rio” file will get generated save it at appropriate location.

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REL 670

4. Add a new Location by Right Clicking and select append then name it as Line Name. 5. Open the Location and add the relay by appending and give Relay Name as Main I / Main II, Serial No. as per actual, Manufacturer ABB and Model as REL670. 6. Open the Relay, Click on Relay parameters Tab and import the “.rio”. Then Click on Test Plan tab and add the required Test by appending e.g. Reach Test. 7. Open the Test and append it as suitable Test name and give Test Type as required. 8. Now the Relay Testing Software is ready for Relay Testing.

Testing Procedure for Reach Test: 1. Open the Software and go into the Test. 2. Then in Test Elements, Select Function Name as the imported “.rio”. 3. Select Zones for Ph-N and Ph-Ph Fault Loops. 4. Go in Test Configuration, Select Test Method as Constant Current, fix Desired Test Current as 1A and Max acceptable Voltage as 90% of the rating, CT direction as Towards Line (the voltage & current values are decided from Zone reaches and maximum ratings of relays). 5. Go in Test Timing and Trigger Selection, Set Pre fault as 1000ms, Max Fault should be kept more than Zone 3 Timing and Time between Shots as 200ms. 6. Also Select Trigger as Input 1 ( if first logic input of kit is used) for all type fault loops. 7. Select Source Configuration as Three Voltages and Three Currents.

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REL 670

8. Go in Test Points, Add Test Points by Double Clicking on the Boundary of each Zone to be tested for Ph-N and Ph-Ph fault Types. 9. Go in Test, select Multi Point Shots and fault Type whichever to be tested. Then Click on Play Button. 10. Now the Software will perform the Reach Test of the Relay as per Points added. 11. After Completion of the Click on save Button for saving the Test Results. 12. Go in Reports Tab, Click on Preview Button and Export it in the suitable format and save it. 13. If doing manual testing in shot mode, then determine the zone reaches by applying faults near zone boundaries and then observing the relay performance (operating time etc.) through its contact used for feedback to the kit. This has to be done for all fault loops (RN, YN, BN,RY, YB, BR) and all zones (Z1,Z2,Z3 & Rev.Z4/5).

Testing of Carrier Send Feature: 1. Connect Multi meter across Carrier Send Contacts of the Relay as per Relay Scheme in DC Mode. 220V will appear on Multi meter. 2. Give Zone I Fault through Test Kit. 3. See the Voltage in the Multi meter, it will show Zero Voltage at the time fault momentarily. 4. Also see the Disturbance Recorded in the DR for the Carrier Send Event. Similarly, the counter increment in PLCC panel can also be observed. Further, if the PLCC panel can be put in loop back mode (through Dummy Load), then after applying Zone I Fault through Test Kit, pickup of carrier receive Relay/ ‘Opto’ can also be observed.

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REL 670

Testing of Carrier Added Trip Feature: 1. Short the Carrier Receive Terminals on the relay as per Relay Scheme and give Zone-II fault. 2. In this case Relay should give tripping in slightly more than Zone-I timing (actual time is of the order of 50-60ms), but it should be much less than Zone-2 time. 3. Also see the Disturbance Recorded in the DR for the Carrier Aided Tripping. Similarly, the counter increment in PLCC panel can also be observed.

Testing of Fault Locator Feature: 1. Give the Ph-N and Ph-Ph fault at approximately at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of Line Length. 2. Check for the Fault Location in the Local HMI of the Relay. 3. This Distance should match with the Theoretical Value.

Testing of External A/R feature in connection with REL 670: 1. Close Main and Tie Circuit Breakers and ensure that there is no blocking present for Auto Reclose Operation. 2. Give Ph-Earth Fault in Zone-I and observe the following in Yard and through DR: a) Tripping of the particular CB Pole in which the fault has been given. b) Reclosing of the particular pole of Main Circuit Breaker after completion of Dead Time.

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REL 670

c) Reclosing of the particular pole of Tie Circuit Breaker after successful reclosing of Main Circuit Breaker. d) Give another Ph-Earth fault in Zone-I within Reclaim Time (generally kept as 25 Sec), now Auto Reclose Relay will give Three Phase Tripping to Both Main and Tie Circuit Breakers. 3. Give Ph-Ph Fault, in this case REL670 will give Blocking Command to A/R Relay and A/R Relay will give Three Phase Tripping. The same has to be confirmed from Yard and Disturbance Recorder also.

Testing of Fuse Failure Feature: 4. See the setting for voltage & current setting for fuse fail. Let us take

both

setting of 3Uo & 3Io of set value. 5. Open the Software test tool in Relay Test Kit software. Set R &Y voltage as 63.5 V and B as 0.0V. Set all the three phase current as 0.2 A. 6. Apply value to the relay. The relay should sense it as: Fuse fail” This can be confirmed from HMI. Testing can also be performed automatically in State Sequencer mode. The steps of state sequencer are i. Step 1-Healthy system 1 ii. Step 2-Fuse fail condition, whereas one voltage is stepped to zero volt for long enough time for fuse fail function of relay to pick up. iii. Step 3- Simulate an earth fault on same phase to verify that fuse fail function BLOCK the trip signal. iv. Step 4- Healthy system 2 that is exactly the same as step 1, use to reset fuse fail state. v. Step 5- Simulate an earth fault condition same as step 3 on same phase. This time relay should trip as no fuse fail condition exist.

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REL 670

Testing of Over Voltage Stage I and Stage II Feature: Generally over Voltage setting in any Relay is kept as 110% of the base value for Stage I with time delay of 5 Sec and 150% of the Base Value with no delay for Stage II. 1. Open Test Software and add a Ramp Function, make all the three phase voltage as 63.5V and increase voltage in any of the phase in the step of 0.5V and wait for more than 5 sec and see at what point relay is giving the tripping. It should give tripping after the voltage crosses the mark of 69.5V for Stage I of the Over Voltage. Afterwards, for determining actual pickup, fine increments (0.1 V) can be applied, starting from say 69 Volts. 2. Confirm for the same through the DR option in Local HMI of the relay. 3. Same process has to be repeated for all the three phases. 4. The reset ratio (drop off/ pick up value) is also to be checked for Over Voltage stage1, by recording of drop off value. It should be of the order of 0.99. 5. Now to test Over Voltage Stage II, the steps will remain same as above, only applied Voltage will be 150 % of the Base Value i.e. 95.25 and the tripping should be instantaneous.

Testing of Stub Feature (Applicable for 4CT scheme): a) Logic used for Stub protection in relay is as below

Line Isolator Open I fault> I set Trip Out If>Iset

b) Checking of logic (ii) Simulate LINE ISOLATOR OPEN condition

Page 290 of 344

a)

Open Software & Inject I fault < Iset , Relay should not give trip out

b)

Open Software & Inject I fault > Iset , Relay should give trip out

DOC NO.- D-2-03-20-02-01

Prepared by WRTS-II, POWERGRID

(iii)

REL 670

Simulate LINE ISOLATOR CLOSE condition a)

Open Software & Inject I fault > Iset , Relay should not give trip out

Testing of Switch on to Fault (SOTF) Feature: 1. Open Test Software, add a ramp function in the relay, make Va=20% of Base Value. 3. Now set Phase Angle between Vb and Ib such that it varies between +/- 90 Deg with respect to RCA. 4. Now click on play button and calculate the trip time with the help of timer. 5. Now repeat the procedure increasing value of current. 6. Repeat the above steps 1 to 4 for other two phases. 7. The results thus obtained should follow Normal Inverse Curve.

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REL 670

Testing of Power Swing Block (PSB) Feature: 2. Open Test Software, add a State Simulation Characteristic in the Relay. Open Relay ramp function in

the relay, Set all the three phase voltages as Action V and set all the three currents as 1 Amp. Select ramp as two step. Set initial value of voltage such as (V/I) value should start from greater value than Z-3 settings. For REL 670 decrement of voltage to be set as 1V and delta time to be set as 100ms. The minimum value of voltage in step 1 should be such that it should not enter to Zone 1 impedance setting. In the step 2 increment of voltage to be set as 1V and time as 100ms up to the set value as per step one. 3. Now, run the test and verify with the DR and LED indication of the relay. 4. The same test may also be carried out manually with control panel.

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RET670

TESTING PROCEDURE FOR PROTECTION SYSTEM TYPE RET 670 INTRODUCTION

A very fast differential protection function, with automatic CT ratio matching and vector group compensation, makes this IED the ideal solution even for the most demanding applications. It is suitable for differential applications with multi-breaker arrangements with up to six restraint CT inputs. The differential protection function is provided with 2nd harmonic and wave-block restraint features to avoid tripping for magnetizing inrush, and5th harmonic restraint to avoid tripping for over excitation. The following protection features of RET 670 are mainly used at POWERGRID S/s.

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RET670

REACTORS & TRANSFORMERS:1. Differential Protection. 2. Restricted Earth Fault (REF) Protection . It has following Front LEDs (i)

Green: Glowing when relay is Ready

(ii)

Yellow : Will glow in case of Alarm

(iii)

Red:- Will glow in case of Trip

1. List of Equipment required for Test : (i)

Test Plug handle -01 No

(ii)

Test Leads for connection between test Kit & Test Plug Handle

(iii)

Relay Test Kit.

2. PREPARATION BEFORE TESTING : (i)

Connect the 1-Phase Ac supply to relay test Kit

(ii)

Connect the Testing lead in the Current terminal of the Testing Kit & Connect the earthing of kit.

(iii)

Insert the Test handle in the test switch

(iv)

Short the CT at field Side on Terminal Block and open the link

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RET670

3. PROTECTION TESTING DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION : CHECKING OF ALARM : (i) Connect the voltage out put of the Relay test Kit or Single Phase Variac in Test terminal No- 3 & 6 of test handle after the stabilizing resistor. (ii) Connect the Voltmeter in parallel of the input to measure the test voltage. (iii) Set the alarm timer as Zero (0 ) initially for checking the alarm operating voltage. (iv) Set the Voltage in the kit lower than the set value in relay. (v) Slowly increase the voltage. (vi) Note down the voltage at which alarm appear & Yellow LED glow on relay. (vii) Slow down the voltage and note down at which the alarm reset. (viii) Repeat the same procedure for Y&B phase after changing the input on test handle to 4 & 6 and 5 & 6 respectively.

4. CHECKING OF ALARM TIME:-

(i) Now set the alarm time as per setting. (ii) Connect the timer with the potential free alarm contact of relay to measure the time of operation of relay.

(iii) Set the operating voltage in test kit at which alarm appear.

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RET670

(iv) Start the test (v) Relay will pick up and will trip after the set delay. (vi) Note down the time of operation. (vii)

Repeat the same procedure for Y&B phase after changing the all input on test handle to 4 & 6 and

5&6 respectively.

5. CHECKING OF DIFFERENTIAL TRIP

(i) Connect the voltage out put of the Relay test Kit or Single Phase Variac in Test terminal No- 3 & 6 of test handle after the stabilizing resistor. (ii) Connect the Voltmeter in parallel of the input to measure the test voltage. (iii)Set the Voltage in the kit lower than the set value in relay. (iv) Slowly increase the voltage. (v) Note down the voltage at which Trip appear & Yellow LED glow on relay (vi) Reduce the voltage and note down at which the Trip reset. (vii)

Repeat the same procedure for Y&B phase after changing the input on test handle to 4 & 6

and 5&6 respectively.

6. CHECKING OF DIFFERENTIAL TRIP TIME :

(i) Connect the timer with the potential free Trip contact of relay to measure the time of operation of relay. (ii) Set the operating voltage in test kit at which trip appear.

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RET670

(iii)Start the test

(iv) Relay will pick up and will trip after a delay

(v) Note down the time of operation.

(vi) Repeat the same procedure for Y&B phase after changing the input on test handle to 4 & 6 and 5&6 respectively.

Note: Carefully assign the output binary contact of the relay in case of operation of Differential Trip as per logic and wiring done on the output contacts in order to avoid the wrong operation. •

Check for binary output configuration is mandatory before testing.

Restricted Earth Fault (REF) : 7. CHECKING OF ALARM : (i) Connect the voltage out put of the Relay test Kit or Single Phase Variac in Test terminal No- 3 & 4 of test handle after the stabilizing resistor. (ii) Connect the Voltmeter in parallel of the input to measure the test voltage. (iii)Set the alarm timer as Zero (0 ) initially for checking the alarm operating voltage. (iv) Set the Voltage in the kit lower than the set value in relay. (v) Slowly increase the voltage. (vi) Note down the voltage at which alarm appear & Yellow LED glow on relay (vii)

Reduce the voltage and note down at which the alarm reset.

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RET670

8. CHECKING OF ALARM TIME -

(i) Now set the alarm time as per setting. (ii) Connect the timer with the potential free alarm contact of relay to measure the time of operation of relay. (iii)Set the operating voltage in test kit at which alarm appear. (iv) Start the test. (v) Relay will pick up and will initiate alarm after the set delay. (vi) Note down the time of operation. 9.CHECKING OF REF TRIP –

(i) Connect the voltage out put of the Relay test Kit or Single Phase Variac in Test terminal No- 3 & 4 of test handle after the stabilizing resistor.

(ii)

Connect the Voltmeter in parallel of the input to measure the test voltage.

(iii)

Set the Voltage in the kit lower than the set value in relay.

(iv)

Slowly increase the voltage.

(v)

Note down the voltage at which Trip appear & Red LED glow on relay.

(vi)

Reduce the voltage and note down at which the Trip reset.

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RET670

10. CHECKING OF REF TRIP TIME :

(i) Connect the timer with the potential free Trip contact of relay to measure the time of operation of relay.

(ii) Set the operating voltage in test kit at which trip appear.

(iii)Start the test

(iv) Relay will pick up and will trip after a delay

(v) Note down the time of operation.

Note: Carefully assign the output binary contact of the relay in case of operation of REF Trip as per logic and wiring done on the output contacts in order to avoid the wrong operation. •

Check for binary output configuration is mandatory before testing.

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RET670

FUNCTION OF RELAY TEST KIT TEST KIT TO BE USE FOR THE TESTING

11. NORMALIZATION OF RELAY :

(i) Switch off the Test Kit & remove the all testing leads (ii) Make through the CT inputs. (iii)Observe the relay for no operation. (iv) Observe all the Trip & Alarm LED are reset.

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RET670

12. FORMAT FOR RET 670 RELAY TEST RECORD.

Type of Check:

Pre-commissioning /Annual/Breakdown

SFT/PTW NoDate & Time of Test:

RELAY DETAIL :

Name of Sub station: REACTOR Detail: Bay No :Name of Relay: Make of Relay: Type of Relay: Relay Sr. No: Relay Model No: CT Ratio: Rated Current:

TESTING KIT DETAIL :

Test Kit Type: Test Kit Sr. No:Model No:Make:Voltmeter Sr .No:Make:Model:Timer Sr. No:Make:Model:-

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RET670

13. SETTING TO BE ADOPTED IN RELAY RET670 ( DIFF PROTN & REF PROTN): Activated Group

: Group1

Operation

: ON : Setting for the Alarm to be generated in volts.

U>Alarm

Normally kept 10% of U > Trip

T Alarm

: Time Delay for Alarm

U> Trip

: Setting of Trip in Volts

Series Resistor

: Value of the Stabilizing series resistor

14. FORMAT FOR DIFFERENTIAL ALARM :

Phase Test Handle Terminal

Set Value

No

(V)

Set Time (msec)

R

3-6

Y

4-6

B

5-6

Value of

Alarm Result

LED

Stabilizing Indication

Operated

Operated

Value

Time (msec) Resistor

(V)

15. FORMAT FOR DIFFERENTIAL TRIP CHECK :

Trip Time : Instantaneous Phase Test Handle

Alarm Result

Terminal

Set Value

Operated

No

(V)

Value (V)

R

3-6

Y

4-6

B

5-6

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Value of Operated Time (msec)

LED

Stabilizing Indication Resistor

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RET670

16. FORMAT FOR REF ALARM :

S.N

Test Handle

Alarm Result

Terminal

Set Value

No

(V)

Set Time

Value of Operated

Operated

Stabilizing Indication

Value (V)

Time

Resistor

(msec) 1

LED

(msec)

4-6

17. Format for REF Trip Check : Trip Time : Instantaneous Phase Test Handle

1

Alarm Result

Value of

LED Indication

Terminal

Set Value

Operated

Operated Time

Stabilizing

No

(V)

Value (V)

(msec)

Resistor

4-6

18. General Check : a. 220 V DC supply Input:(Measure across terminal 1 & 18 of test Handle) b. Annunciation Check:c. Event Check:d. Trip Logic Check as per Drawing:e. DR check:-

Signature of Testing Engineer

Signature of S/s In charge

Name:Designation:Date:Emp No-

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T60

PROCEDURE FOR TESTING T60 RELAY

Test to be done on T60 Relay:

(i) Pickup test for Winding1 (ii) Pickup test for winding2 (iii)Slope Characteristic test (iv) 2nd Harmonic & 5th Harmonic restraint tests

Required Items for testing (i) Automatic Relay test kit (ii) Test Handles (iii)CT & PT leads (iv) Laptop (v) Screw driver set

Preparation Before Testing :

Refer the Protection Scheme & as per the scheme test handle has to be inserted in the desired test block. In Areva test handle, CT has to be shorted externally through shorting links provided with the handle, before inserting the test handle in the test plug. The shorting links to be inserted in BLK A of T60 Relay at S3,S4,S5,S6 for HV side CTs & in BLK B of T60 relay S3,S4,S5,S6 for MV side CTs. Insert BLK–C for isolation of the tripping through differential relay ,connect link between S2 R2 of BLK-A & S2 R2 of BLK-B for extending DC supply to the relay . For the feed back connect one lead at R1 of Test block A and U2C terminal of relay which is spare & has been assigned, signal “Transformer Protection ON” . For voltage connection to the relay connect voltage lead of the relay test kit at R9 ,R8 of test BLK- A .

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T60

Individual Pickup Test

This test can be performed by the Ramp module of control Panel by ramping each current. To test the Individual Pickup using Ramp module following steps are required . 1. Open test . 2. Open data base file . 3. Right click on Date base & click Append. 4. Rename location. 5. Open location & then create Relay & rename it. 6. Fill serial no . , manufacturer - GE & model - T60. 7. Click on Relay go to test plan & connection & signals. 8. Select 6 currents (Right Bank) & then save . 9. Append test plan & then append test, name it as individual pick up . 10. Select test type as Ramp & then go to Ramp module. 11. Select Ramp type as Current ,amplitude , step no of Ramps 1. 12. Select source configuration as 6 currents (Right Bank) &Trigger input 1 13. In sources fill action in IA ,IB,IC under amplitude, phase angle 0 , 240 ,120 & frequency 50 Hz . 14. Enter action details –offset current 0.1 Amp, Offset current duration 30 cycle ,Delta current 0.01 amp , delta time 10 cycles & current limit 0.25 Amp. 15. In Measurements fill Test objective HV side, Expected -I = 0.18 Amp (near pick up value). 16. After each tripping generated by the relay push reset button in relay given in the front of relay, otherwise there will be a sense check error message in the kit due to permanent closure of Binary output. 17. Run the Test & record Actual Current . 18. Repeat the test for MV side .

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T60

Slope Test : The typical setting for the differential function is as under Min pick up - 0.2 P.U. Slope-1

- 25%

Slope -2

- 80%

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Break 1

-

2.00 P.U.

Break2

-

8.00 P.U.

T60

1 .To check the slope by injecting the Wdg1 & wdg2 currents and calculating slope by taking ratio of Idiff & Ires . (i) Open control panel. (ii) Select source configuration as 6 currents. (iii)Enter the following set of currents in IA,IB,IC & Ia,Ib,Ic respectively. INJECTED CURRENT TEST

PHASE

Remarks

W1 CURRENT

BALANCED CONDITION

RESTRAINT

0

1.136

1.135Amp, 180deg

B

1Amp,-120deg

1.135Amp, 60deg

C

1Amp,120 deg

1.135Amp,300deg

A

0, 0 deg

0, 0 deg

1, -180deg

C

0.5, -180deg

1, 0 deg

A

0, 0 deg

0, 0 deg

1, -180deg

C

0.7, -180deg

1, 0 deg

A

0, 0 deg

0, 0 deg

1, -180deg

C

0.65, -180deg

1, 0 deg

A

0.65, 0 deg

0, 180 deg

1, 60deg

C

0.65, 120deg

1, 300 deg

A

1.587, 0 deg

9, 180 deg

B C

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1.587,

-120 9, 60deg

1.587, 120deg

9, 300 deg

will

1A

Relay will Not Operate

Id/Ir = 24.8 1A

Relay

will

Operate

Id/Ir = 26 1A

Relay

will

Operate

Id/Ir = 80 7.19A

deg

Relay

Id/Ir = 20

0.262A 0.65, -120 deg

1A

Operate

0.247A 0.65, 0 deg

B

Id/Ir = 43

0.20A 0.7, 0 deg

Relay will not operate

0.43A 0.5, 0 deg

B

SLOPE 2

DIFFERENTIAL

1Amp, 0deg

B

SLOPE 1

W2 CURRENT

A

B

DISPLAYED CURRENT

8.99A

Relay will Not Operate

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T60

Ratio of Idiff/Ires ensures the Slope of the characteristics.

2. To test the Slope through Relay Test Kit test Kit the characteristics has to be drawn in the Test kit software, The characteristics is cubic spline and can be drawn in the kit by taking points on I bias & I diff coordinates .These points will be available in Enervista UR setup under setting of T60 relay under setting ,Group1 ,Transformer percentage differential ,click on view graph and note different points on the graph & follow the steps given below : (i) Open test . (ii) Add new relay name it as T60 ,enter serial no of relay Model T60, manufacturer GE (iii)In relay parameters add differential function . (iv) Open the differential function and go to compensation setting. (v) In compensation setting select Relay type as three phase & no of relay windings 02. (vi) Enter Nominal current 1 Amp for Winding 1 & 2 (vii)

Enter ratio compensation 2.205 for Wdg1 & 1.193 for Wdg2. For 315 MVA 400/220KV ICT ( considering HV CT as 1000/1 and MV CT 1600/1)

(viii)

Enter vector comp Ydyo in both Wdg1 & Wdg2 & select relay internal compensation

(ix) GO to differential function & click on Id> & then Modify (x) Enter pickup value of 0.2 (typical Setting). (xi) Select characteristics General I bias Vs I Diff (xii)

In characteristic line segment enter points for characteristics as noted

from enervista URPC setup (xiii) In differential function select I bias calculation as Max Ip .Is

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T60

(xiv)

Close it and then go to test plan & in test select test type as Diff char.

(xv)

Select test time & trigger selection and trigger as input1 for A ,B ,C elements.

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(xvi)

T60

Select test element and enter ,Primary ,secondary winding & relay element

(xvii) Select test points and double click at different points of graph for selecting points :

(xviii) Select test & then select elements A,B & C & then Run .

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T60

Second harmonic restraint test :

This test can be performed using relay test kit software; follow the steps as under: (i) Open respective software of relay test kit . (ii) Select stage 1 and enter the current values 1 amps ,phase angle & nominal Frequency of 50 Hz . (iii)Enter time 0.6 seconds & click on Harmonics, a pop up window will open. (iv) Click on second harmonic & enter percentage as 16% (v) Now run the test.

Over excitation function check : This test can be performed using the control panel Typical Setting of the relay. Pickup stage 1 = 1.1 Pick up stage 2= 1.14

(i) Open control panel (ii) Inject voltage 70.5 volts at 50 Hz - stage 1 of relay should pickup & operate (iii)Now inject 72.5 volts at 50 Hz – Stage 2 of the relay should pickup & operate.

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