Power System 1 -power system EEE3233

EEE3233 POWER SYSTEMS Chapter 1 An Overview of Power System Nur Diyana Kamarudin

Introduction

Support Components

Main Components

Power System Components Generation Step - up transformer (↑ voltage ,↓ current )

Grid System ( 500kV , 275kV , 132kV , 66kV ) Transmission TNB

SESCO SESB

Reduc e the voltage 33kV , 11kV

Distribution

Loads 3 phase - 415 V , single phase 240 V

Power System Components At

power generating station (generating voltage)  11 – 20kV and frequency of 50 Hz Transform to higher voltage (transmission voltage)  132kV, 275kV and 500kV Transform to lower voltage (distribution voltage)  33kV or 11kV 

Power System Components AROUND TOWN & RESIDENTIAL AREA Underground distribution to individual premises is at 415V and 240 V

HOUSE - Overhead distribution to individual houses is at 240V.

SMALL INDUSTRY Most small factories receive their electricity at 11kV

HEAVY INDUSTRY - Some have direct connections to the transmission at 132kV

POWER STATION- Generator output at 11kV/20kV is stepped up by transformer to 132kV 275kV and 500kV for transmission.

TRANSMISSION - Transmission is mainly at 132kV, 275kV and 500kV

•Power System Components •( Generation )

High voltages of 500kV , 275kV , 132kV are used for transmitting electricity over the grid system

Power System Components (Generation) • Generation Plant Mix

Power System in Malaysia Main Power Producer in Malaysia

Power System in Malaysia •

Generation capacity of major power producer

Penisular Malaysia

IPP

LOKASI

KAPASITI (MW)TARIKH LESEN DIISU

YTL Power Generation

Paka, Terengganu & Pasir Gudang, Johor

808 404

7 April 1993

Segari Energy Ventures Sdn. Bhd.

Lumut, Perak

1,303

15 Julai 1993

Powertek Sdn Bhd.

Alor Gajah, Melaka

440

1 Disember 1993

Port Dickson Sdn. Bhd.

Tanjung Gemuk, Port Dickson

440

1 Disember 1993

Pahlawan Power Sdn. Bhd

Tanjung Keling, Melaka

334

26 Mei 1999

Genting Sanyen Power Sdn Bhd

Kuala Langat, Selangor

720

1 Julai 1993

Sabah

IPP

LOKASI

KAPASITI (MW)

TARIKH LESEN DIISU

ARL Tenaga Sdn. Bhd.

Melawa

50

14 June 1994

Serudong Power Sdn. Bhd.

Tawau

36

31 Mac 1995

Powertron Resources Sdn. Bhd.

Karambunai

120

6 Februari 1997

Stratavest Sdn. Bhd.

Sandakan

64.4

1 Oktober 1996

Sandakan Power corporation Sdn. Bhd.

Sandakan

34

29 November 1997

Sarawak

Co-Generators SYARIKAT LOKASI KAPASITI (MW) Co-generators adalah pengeluaran elektrik Sabah Forest Industries Sipitang, Sabah 57.7 dan tenaga haba daripada satu sumber bahanapi sahaja. Kecekapan termal sehingga Sdn. Bhd. 90% adalah mungkin berbanding 40% sahaja Perwaja Steel Sdn. Bhd. Tanjung Berhala, 9.5 dengan penjanaan termal secara Kemaman, konvensional manakala kira-kira 60% di loji Terengganu penjanaan gabungan kitaran. Sehingga kini, terdapat kira-kira 30 co-generators yang telah mendapat lesen daripada Suruhanjaya 56 Tenaga. Berikut adalah antara co-generators Titan Petrochemicals (M) Pasir Gudang Sdn. Bhd. Industrial Estate, Johor yang utama :

JENIS PENJANAAN Awam Persendirian

Persendirian

Lembaga Padi dan Beras Sekinchan, Selangor Negara

0.2

Persendirian

Gas District Cooling (KLIA)

Sepang, Selangor

60

Awam

Gas District Cooling (KLCC)

Kuala Lumpur City Centre

12

Persendirian

Power Generations Steam

turbines -the combustion of coal, gas or oil in boilers produces steam, at high temperatures and pressures, which is passed to steam turbines. Energy conversion using water (Hydro) -will be discuss further after this Gas turbines -gas turbines exhaust will raise steam in a conventional boiler to drive

Power Generations Magnetohydrodynamic

(MHD)

generation - fuel used- coal, oil or nuclear - production of steam which drives the turbines - gases at 2500c are passed through a chamber in which a strong magnetic field created - An emf induced is collected at suitable electrodes Nuclear Power

Renewable Energy Sources Hydroelectric

power generationbakun, balui river, sarawak Solar Energy-thermal conversion  -direct conversion to electricity Wind Generators – windmill Bio-fuels Geothermal Energy

Power System Components (Transmission )

A transformer in a large sub station reduces the voltage to 33kV , 22kV , 11kV

Power System Components (Transmission ) Lines/transformers

operating at voltages above 100 kV are usually called the transmission system. Consists of Transmission Line and Sub-stations Transmission network of 500kV, 275kV and 132kV known as National Grid. 

Power System Components (Transmission) Transmission

Line

◦ Overhead Lines ◦ Cable  Underground Cables Submarine Cables

Sub-stations 

Power System Components (Transmission ) (17,258) OVERHEAD LINE Transmission Parameters 500kV 890 Length (circuit-km)

275kV 132kV 66kV

CABLE Length (circuit-km)

(723) 275kV 132kV 66kV

TRANSFORMERS Transformation Capacity (MVA)

500kV 275kV 132kV 66kV

SUBSTATIONS Number of Substations (TNB)

6,199 9,998 171

49 674 -

(69,381) 4,500 26,213 38,258 410

(375) 500kV 275kV 132kV 66kV

4 67 299 5

Power System Components (Transmission ) Transmission tower

Waist-Type Tower

Double Circuit Tower

Guyed-V-Tower

Power System Components (Transmission ) Transmission tower

Power System Components (Transmission )

Power System Components (Distribution) Supplies to rural communities are often reduced from 11kV to domestic voltages ( 415 / 240V ) by pole mounted transformers .

Power System Components (Distribution) Lines/transformers

operating at voltages below 100 kV are usually called the distribution system. Part of the electric utility system between the bulk power source and the customer service entrances (loads).  33kV, 22kV, 11kV, 6.6kV, 415V and 240V 

Power System Components (Distribution) Distribution Intake

Substation

qA step-up transmission substation receives electric power from a nearby generating facility and uses a large power transformer to increase the voltage for transmission to distant locations. A transmission bus is used to distribute electric power to one or more transmission lines. There can also be a tap on the incoming power feed from the generation plant to provide electric power to operate equipment in the generation plant. q q qStep-down transmission substations are located at switching points in an electrical grid. They connect different parts of a grid and are a source for subtransmission lines or distribution lines. The step-down substation can change the transmission voltage to a subtransmission voltage. q q qDistribution substations are located near to the end-users. Distribution substation transformers change the transmission or subtransmission voltage to lower levels for use by endusers.

Air circuit breakers are used to interrupt circuits while current flows through them. Compressed air is used to quench the arc when the connection is broken.

Bus support insulators are porcelain or fiberglass insulators that serve to isolate the bus bar switches and other support structures and to prevent leakage current from flowing through the structure or to ground. These insulators are similar in function to other insulators used in substations and transmission poles and towers.

The substation control house contains switchboard panels, batteries, battery chargers, supervisory control, powerline carrier, meters, and relays. The control house provides all weather protection and security for the control equipment. It is also called a doghouse.

Control panels contain meters, control switches and recorders located in the control building, also called a doghouse. These are used to control the substation equipment, to send power from one circuit to another or to open or to to shut down circuits when needed.

Circuit switchers provide equipment protection for transformers, lines, cables, and capacitor banks. They also are used to energize and deenergize capacitor banks and other circuits.

A lightning arrester is a device used on electrical power systems to protect the insulation on the system from the damaging effect of lightning. The typical lightning arrester also known as surge arrester has a high voltage terminal and a ground terminal.

Power System in Malaysia National Grid System 

 





primary electricity transmission network linking the electricity generation, transmission, distribution and consumption in Malaysia operated and owned by TNB more than 420 substation in Peninsular Malaysia are linked together by the extensive network of transmission lines operating at 132kV, 275kV and 500kV Power generated by TNB and IPP is carried by the National Grid towards customers connected to the various distribution networks electrically interconnected to the transmission network of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) -132kV with capacity 80MW and 300kV with capacity 300MW and also to Singapore Power- Sdn Bhd 230kV with capacity 200MW.