Power Artist Ref

 

^jwarHrtost ]abarafia Ehfuh`

Yjbtwhra ]a`ahsa =>88.8.9

© =>88 Hphica Lasogf, Ofi.

 

8 =  

9

 

Ijpyrogct Fjtoia hfl ^rjproathry Ofbjrehtojf

Fj phrt jb tcos ljiueaft ehy ma raprjluial jr trhfseottal of hfy bjre jr my hfy eahfs, a`aitrjfoi, jr eaichfoih`, bjr hfy purpjsa, wotcjut tca axprass wrottaf pareossojf jb Hphica Lasogf, Ofi., h wcj``y-jwfal sumsolohry jb Hfsys, Ofi. \cos ehfuh` hfl tca prjgrhe lasiromal of ot hra jwfal my Hphica Lasogf, Ofi. hfl ehy ma usal jf`y hs hutcjrozal of tca `oiafsa hgraaeaft ijftrj``ofg suic usa, hfl ehy fjt ma ijpoal axiapt of hiijrlhfia wotc tca tares jb tcos hgraaeaft. © =>88 =>88 Hphica Lasogf, Ofi. H`` rogcts rasarval. Losi`hoear 

 Hphica Lasogf, Ofi. ehkas fj whrrhfty jb hfy kofl, axprassal jr oep`oal, wotc raspait tj sjbtwhra jr ljiueafthtojf, ots quh`oty, jr parbjrehfia. \ca ofbjrehtojf of tcos ljiueaft os sumdait tj ichfga wotcjut fjtoia hfl ljas fjt raprasaft h ijeeoteaft jf tca phrt jb Hphica Lasogf, Ofi. \rhlaehrks hfl ]agostaral \rhlaehrks

 H`` trhlaehrks hra tca prjparty jb Hphica Lasogf, Ofi. H`` jtcar trhlaehrks eaftojfal caraof hra tca prjparty jb tcaor raspaitova jwfars.

Hphica Lasogf, Ofi. =2> Bhx4 3.88 Hphica Lasogf, Ofi.

 

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh` 

\hm`a jb Ijftafts ICH^\A] 8   Afargy hfl ^jwar Hfh`ysos

Oftrjluitojf ........... ....................... ......................... ........................ ....................... ......................... ........................ ....................... ......................... .................. ..... 8 Afargy hfl ^jwar Buflheafth`s Buflheafth`s............ ....................... ....................... ........................ ......................... ........................ ................... ........ 8 Labofotojfs.................... Labofotojfs......... ........................ ......................... ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ ............ 8 Lyfheoi ^jwar ........... ....................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ........................ ........................ ........................ ........... = Ythtoi ^jwar ............ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ ......................... ......................... ....................... ................ ..... < Yhep`a Ih`iu`htojf ........... ....................... ........................ ........................ ......................... ........................ ......................... ......................... ................ ..... 1 ^jwar Ijepjfaft Coarhricy ............. .......................... ......................... ......................... ........................ ....................... ....................... ............. 2 Lyfheoi ^jwar Ijepjfaft........... Ijepjfaft........................ ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ................ ... 7 Ythtoi ^jwar Ijepjfaft........... Ijepjfaft........................ .......................... ........................ ........................ .......................... ..................... ........ 3 ICH^\A] =   Oftarfh`s

Oftrjluitojf ........... ....................... ......................... ........................ ....................... ......................... ........................ ....................... ......................... .................. ..... ? Ichptar Jrghfozhtojf ............. ......................... ........................ ......................... ......................... ......................... ........................ ............. ? \rhfsotojf Ijuftofg jf Fats................ Fats............................ ......................... ......................... ......................... .......................... ...................... ......... ?  Hitovoty Ih`iu`htojf Ih`iu`htojf ............ ....................... ........................ ......................... ....................... ........................ ......................... ........................ ................ .... 88 Luty Iyi`a Ih`iu`htojf Ih`iu`htojf.......... ....................... ......................... ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ ....................... ........... 88 Eoirj-Hricotaiturh` Ofbarafiofg ........... ....................... ........................ ....................... ........................ ......................... ...................... .......... 89 Labhu`t \rhfsotojf \oea Ih`iu`htjr...................... Ih`iu`htjr................................... .......................... ........................... .......................... .............. .. 81 ICH^\A] 9   Ijeehfl ]abarafia

Oftrjluitojf ........... ....................... ......................... ........................ ....................... ......................... ........................ ....................... ......................... ................ ... 87 ^jwar Hfh`ysos Afgofas Afgofas............ ......................... ......................... ........................ ......................... ......................... ................... ....... 87 \i` Ijeehfl Wo`l Ihrlofg ........... ....................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ............... 83  Hiiassofg Ijeehfl-@ofa Ca`p ............. .......................... ......................... ........................ ........................ ................... ....... 83 Gattofg Axtaflal Fheas brje H`ohs Fheas ........... ....................... ......................... ........................ .............. ... 8? Ichptar Jrghfozhtojf ............. ......................... ........................ ......................... ......................... ......................... ....................... .......... =>  H`pchmatoih` @ost jb ^jwarHrtost Ijeehfl Ijeehfl Bo`a Ijeehfls.................................. Ijeehfls..................................... ... =8  H`pchmatoih` @ost jb ptZsat Rhrohm`as ........... ........................ .......................... ......................... ........................ ...................... .......... 89 Lasogf Xuary Qto`otoas..................... Qto`otoas.................................. ......................... ......................... ......................... ........................ ............ =>7  Hfh`ysos ]apjrtofg Qto`otoas...................... Qto`otoas.................................. ......................... .......................... ........................ ............... .... =8? ]aluitojf ]apjrtofg Qto`otoas ............ ......................... .......................... ........................ ........................ ....................... .......... ==7 ^jwar Lhthmhsa Ehppofg Qto`otoas Qto`otoas ............. .......................... .......................... .......................... ........................ ........... =9> @aghiy B`jw JpafHiiass Lhthmhsa Lhthmhsa \i` H^O Ijeehfls Ijeehfls ............ .......................... .......................... ............ =99  Hllotojfh` Qto`otoas Qto`otoas........... ....................... ........................ ........................ ........................ ......................... ........................ ........................ ................. .... = \rhfsotojf \oea Bo`a Bjreht ............ ........................ ......................... .......................... ......................... ........................ ...................... .......... =28 Yaquafia @omrhry Labhu`ts Bo`a Bjreht................. Bjreht............................ ....................... ......................... ......................... .............. .. =2= Asihpofg @omrhry Fheas ............ ........................ ......................... ......................... ........................ ......................... ................. .... =2= Ypaiobyofg Labhu`t Ia``s ........... ......................... ......................... ........................ .......................... ......................... ................. ..... =2= Y^AB Bo`a Bjreht............... Bjreht.......................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ....................... ................ ..... =29 Ati` Bo`a Bjreht ........... ...................... ........................ ......................... ......................... ......................... ........................ ........................ ................... ....... =2< Yhep`a Ati` Bo`a ............. ......................... ......................... ......................... ........................ ........................ ........................ ................. ..... =21 Ejla Bo`a Bjreht ........... ........................ ........................ ........................ ......................... ........................ ......................... ........................ ............... .... =22 G`jmh` Hitovoty Bo`a Bjreht ........... ....................... ......................... ........................ ....................... ......................... ......................... .............. .. =23  Huxo`ohry GHB Bo`a ............. ........................ ....................... ......................... ........................ ........................ ......................... ........................ .............. .. =2? Raro`jg Ythrtup Bo`a Bjreht ............ ......................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ........................ ...................... .......... =78 Raitjr`ass Hitovoty Bo`a Bjreht Bjreht............. .......................... ......................... ........................ ........................ ....................... .................. ....... =7= ptYjuriaBo`as.ti` Bo`a Bjreht ............ ....................... ....................... ........................ ........................ ........................ ....................... ........... =79 ^jwarHrtost Ijfbogurhtojf Bo`as Bo`as............. ......................... ......................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ............... ... =71 RILa Bo`a Bjreht ........... ....................... ........................ ........................ ........................ ......................... ......................... ......................... ............... .. =72 RILa Bjreht Labofotojf ............. ......................... ......................... ........................ ........................ ......................... ................. ..... =72 RILa Oftarbhia Labofotojf.................... Labofotojf................................. ........................ ........................ .......................... .................... ....... =77 Axhep`a ........... ...................... ........................ ......................... ........................ ......................... ........................ ....................... .................... ........ =77 ICH^\A] 1   ^jwarHrtost Arrjr Easshgas

........................ ......................... ........................ ........................ ........................ ......................... ......................... ........................ ............ =7? Oftrjluitojf ........... Irotoih` Easshgas ............. ........................ ........................ ......................... ........................ ......................... ........................ ............... .... =3>  Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.

 

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    v

IJF\AF\Y

ICH^\A] 2   Hlvhfial Qshga \ops

Qsofg @YB ............ ........................ ........................ ........................ ......................... ........................ ....................... ......................... ......................... .............. .. =39  H^^AFLOS H   Yuppjrtal Yys. Raro`jg, Raro`jg =>>8 & RCL@ Ijfstruits

YystaeRaro`jg Yuppjrt ............ ......................... ......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ........................ ................ .... =32 Raro`jg =>>8 hfl RCL@ Yuppjrt Yuppjrt........... ........................ .......................... ......................... ......................... .......................... ............... .. =33  H^^AFLOS M   @ostofg jb Ijeehfls, Rhrohm`as hfl Qto`otoas

OFLAS.....................................................................................................................................................=?9

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.

 

IJF\AF\Y

Hphic Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    vo

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

8

Ichptar 88 Ichptar 

Afargy hfl ^jwar Hfh`ysos

8

Oftrjluitojf \cos ichptar lasiromas oepjrthft ijfiapts ra`htal tj astoehtofg pjwar. Ot h`sj prjvolas latho`s jb tca oftarfh` ih`iu`htojfs parbjreal lurofg pjwar hfh`ysos. \cos ofbjrehtojf ihf ca`p yju ghof h laapar uflarsthflofg jb hfh`ysos rasu`ts. \ca bj``jwofg lasiroptojf hpp`oas tj h`` ^jwarHrtost tjj`s.

Afargy hfl ^jwar Buflheafth`s Labofotojfs Afargy os tca wjrk raquoral tj ejva ichrga tcrjugc h vj`thga, tcarabjra A 5 XR Aquhtojf 8

wcara A os afargy (of dju`as), X os ichrga (of iju`jems), hfl R os vj`thga (of vj`ts). ^jwar os afargy par saijfl, sj ^ 5

A \ Aquhtojf =

wcara ^ os pjwar (of whtts) hfl t os toea (of saijfls). \jth` pjwar ihf ma lovolal oftj twj ijepjfafts4 lyfheoi pjwar hfl sthtoi pjwar . Ahic os lasiromal of ejra latho` la tho` of tca bj``jwofg saitojfs.

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    =

ICH^\A] 8 “ Afargy hfl ^jwar Hfh`ysos Afargy hfl ^jwar Buflheafth`s

Lyfheoi ^jwar  Ijfsolar tca ioriuot scjwf of Bogura 8 8,, wcoic os h soep`a ejla` jb tca ichrgofg hfl losichrgofg jb ioriuot ihphiothfia.

Bogura 8

Yoep`a Ioriuot Ihphiothfia

 H`tcjugc tcos larovhtojf ehy ehy ma ufbheo`ohr tj yju, ot prjvolas tca mast hpprjhic bjr uflarsthflofg tca afargy lrhwf brje tca pjwar supp`y; ot prjvolas tca axhit hfswar wotcjut chvofg tj ehka hfy hpprjxoehtojfs. Qsofg Aquhtojf 8, 8, tca afargy lrhwf brje tca pu`sa gafarhtjr tj ichrga tca ihphiotjr tj h vj`thga R os A 5 XR 5 (IR)R 5 IR= Aquhtojf 9

\ca afargy lrhwf brje tca pu`sa gafarhtjr wco`a tca ihphiotjr os losichrgofg os zarj, sj lurofg jfa pu`sa iyi`a tca afargy lrhwf brje tca gafarhtjr os A 5 IR= Aquhtojf <

Fjtoia tcht tcos aquhtojf os soeo`hr tj tca aquhtojf bjr afargy stjral jf h ihphiotjr4

A5 “ 8 IR= = Aquhtojf 1

Abbaitova`y, ch`b jb tca afargy supp`oal my tca pu`sa gafarhtjr os lossophtal of Abbaitova`y, ichrgofg tca ihphiotjr. \ca jtcar ch`b, wcoic os stjral jf tca ihphiotjr, wo`` ma lossophtal wcaf ot os losichrgal. Brje Aquhtojf = =,, tca pjwar ijfsueal jvar tca pu`sa iyi`a, tp, os IR= ^ 5 ““ tp Aquhtojf 2

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 8 “ Afargy hfl ^jwar Hfh`ysos Afargy hfl ^jwar Buflheafth`s

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    9

\cos os tca lyfheoi pjwar hssjiohtal wotc ichrgofg hfl losichrgofg h ihphiothfia. Ob tca pu`sas ijftofua ht h braquafiy, b, tca lyfheoi pjwar ihf ma wrottaf hs ^ 5 IR=b  Aquhtojf 7

Aquhtojf 7 os 7 os tca ijeejf aquhtojf bjr lyfheoi pjwar. \ca b of tcos aquhtojf usuh``y raprasafts i`jik braquafiy. ih`iu`htofg lyfheoi pjwar h ijep`ax lavoia, ot os usabu` tj tca ra`hta fjlas tcht hraOffjt tjgg`ofg ht h ragu`hr rhta bjr tj tca i`jik braquafiy. Ijfsolar h fjla tcht tjgg`as F toeas jvar hf oftarvh` \. Wa kfjw tcht Fuemar jb Iyi`as

Braquafiy 5

\oea Aquhtojf 3

 H`sj maihusa jfa iyi`a os aquovh`aft aquovh`aft tj twj trhfsotojfs jb tca sogfh` yju chva F Fuemar jb Iyi`as 5  “ = Aquhtojf ?

_ju iju`l wrota tca abbaitova braquafiy jb tca sogfh` hs F 8 b abb   5  “ “ = \ Aquhtojf 8>

\j ra`hta tcos tj tca i`jik braquafiy, fjta tcht lurofg tca shea oftarvh` \, tcara hra Ki`k i`jik iyi`as wcara Ki`k  5 

\ t i`k

Aquhtojf 88

Yumstotutofg bjr \ hfl ti`k (5 8 / b i`k) of tca aquhtojf bjr b abb  yju gat b abb   5 

F b i`k θb i`k 5 = Ki`k = Aquhtojf 8=

wcara θ os ih``al tca hitovoty bhitjr hfl os tca axpaital fuemar jb trhfsotojfs par i`jik iyi`a. Ob b i`k os tca cogcast i`jik braquafiy of tca lasogf, tcaf θ os h rah` fuemar wotc h vh`ua matwaaf > hfl =. = . Yumstotutofg oftj Aquhtojf 7, 7, yju gat ^ 5

I R = θb i`k = Aquhtojf 89

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    <

ICH^\A] 8 “ Afargy hfl ^jwar Hfh`ysos Afargy hfl ^jwar Buflheafth`s

_ju ihf fjw lrhw sjea oepjrthft ijfi`usojfs hmjut tca ra`htojfscop matwaaf afargy hfl pjwar brje Aquhtojf < -8= • 1.=1= • = • 81 •8>2 / =) + (8 • 8>-9 • 1.=1) 5 3.=7 •8>--9 5 2.>3eW Aquhtojf 87

_ju ihf icaik tcos sj`utojf my ih`iu`htofg tca afargy ijfsueal. \ca lyfheoi afargy os ijfsueal my ichrgofg hfl losichrgofg tca ihphiotjr jvar h parojl >es ht h rhta jb 81 ECz. \cos os aquovh`aft tj 2 eo``ojf ichrgofg hfl losichrgofg iyi`as. \ca sthtoi afargy os ijfsueal my tca LI iurraft b`jw bjr >es. \ca tjth` afargy tcaf os Atjth` 5 Alyf + Ast  5 IR=F + ORt 5 (= • 8>-8= • (1.=1)= •  2 • 8>2) + (8 • 8>-9  • 1.=1

 >.--9  5 =.3eW Aquhtojf 8?

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 8 “ Afargy hfl ^jwar Hfh`ysos ^jwar Ijepjfaft Coarhricy 

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    2

^jwar Ijepjfaft Coarhricy ^jwarHrtost ijeputas pjwar lossophtojf usofg tca bj``jwofg aquhtojf4 ^tjth` 5 ^lyfheoi + ^sthtoi 5 (^lyfZia``s + ^lyfZ`jhls) + (^sthtoiZiurraft + ^sthtoiZsthta) Aquhtojf =>

Wcara...

Os...

^lyfZia``s 

\ca sue jb tca lyfheoi oftarfh` pjwar ijfsueal my h`` ia``s.

^lyfZ`jhls 

\ca sue jb tca pjwar ijfsueal of ichrgofg h`` jb tca fjlh` ihphiothfias.

^sthtoiZiurraft  \ca sue jb tca sthtoi (sthta-oflapaflaft) pjwar ijfsueal my h`` ia``s. ^sthtoiZsthta

\ca sue jb tca sthta-lapaflaft sthtoi pjwar ijfsueal my h`` ia``s.

Lyfheoi pjwar raprasafts afargy lossophtal lurofg tjgg`a avafts. \cara hra twj ijftromutojfs tj lyfheoi pjwar4 8. Ia`` lyfheoi pjwar (^lyfZia``s) raprasafts tca afargy ijfsueal oftarfh` tj tca

ia`` wcafavar jfa jb ots oftarfh` fjlas ichfgas sthta. \cara hra proehro`y twj abbaits tj ijfsolar4 h. \ca ichrgofg hfl losichrgofg jb ihphiothfia wotcof tca ia``. m. \ca irjwmhr iurrafts tcht b`jw brje RLL tj RYY wcafavar hf oftarfh` fjla swoticas. =. Fat , jr `jhl , lyfheoi pjwar  (^  (^lyfZ`jhls) os h eahsura jb afargy ijfsueal lrovofg

tca jutput fat(s) jb h ia`` tj h faw `jgoi `ava`. Ot hiijufts bjr tca ichrgofg hfl losichrgofg jb ihphiothfias axtarfh` tj tca ia``, wcoic ofi`ula4 h. \ca fat‟s wora ihphiothfia. m. ^hrhsotoi ihphiothfi ihphiothfia a jb pofs jf tca fat. Ythtoi Ythtoi pjwar raprasafts afargy ijfsueptojf lua tj h b`jw jb iurraft brje RLL tj RYY wcaf tca ia`` os fjt swoticofg (tcht os, fj `jgoih` avafts jiiur). Ythtoi pjwar iju`l ma sthta lapaflaft, tcht os, tca afargy ijfsueptojf i jfsueptojf iju`l ichfga lapaflofg jf `jgoih` sthtas jb tca ia``‟s ofputs hfl oftarfh` fjlas. \cara hra twj pcysoih` abbaits tcht ihusa sthtoi pjwar lossophtojf4 8. \crjugc iurrafts, wcoic hra h lorait rasu`t jb trhfsostjr-`ava` lasogf sty`as suic hs

hfh`jg hfl psaulj-FEJY sty`as. \crjugc iurrafts ihf ma hvjolal my usofg bu``y ijep`aeafthry IEJY struituras.

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 8 “ Afargy hfl ^jwar Hfh`ysos ^jwar Ijepjfaft Coarhricy 

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    7

=. @ahkhga iurrafts, wcoic hra lua tj sum-tcrascj`l hfl ravarsa mohsal dufitojf

iurrafts. \casa hra usuh``y of tca ^oij-Hep tj Fhfj-Hep rhfga, lapaflofg jf ioriuot soza, mut ihf ma cogcar bjr `jw tcrascj`l vj`thga prjiassas.

Lyfheoi ^jwar Ijepjfaft Wotc raghrl tj tca aquhtojf losiussal of tca pravojus saitojf, ^lyfZia``s + ^lyfZ`jhls  os ih`iu`htal my borst hfh`yzofg pjwar lossophtofg avafts bjr ahic `omrhry ia`` ofsthftohtal of h fat`ost. Yuic avafts hra raprasaftal my pjwar hfl afargy ejla` bahturas jb tca @omarty `omrhry bjreht. \ca fuemar jb suic avafts lurofg tca aftora toea jb hfh`ysos os jmthofal. \ca ihphiotova `jhl bjr hf jutput pof os latareofal my sueeofg up tca ofput pof ihphiothfias (jmthofal brje tca ghta-`ava` `omrhry) hfl worofg ihphiothfia. Worofg ihphiothfia os aotcar astoehtal mhsal jf vafljr-supp`oal wora `jhl ejla`s jr mhik-hffjthtal usofg h `jhl ihphiothfia bo`a. \caf, mhsal jf tca ih`iu`htal tjth` `jhl ihphiothfia, h ijrraspjflofg pjwar lossophtojf vh`ua os jmthofal brje tca pjwar ejla` jb tca ia``. \ca hiiurhiy jb pjwar hfh`ysos lapafls jf cjw wa`` tcasa abbaits hra ejla`al. ^jwarHrtost hiijufts bjr tca bj``jwofg lyfheoi pjwar lossophtojf abbaits4 

Oftarfh` ia`` ihphiotova hfl scjrt-ioriuot pjwar  ihusal my tca ichrgofg hfl

losichrgofg jb fjlas oftarfh` tj h ia`` (tca i`jik mubbars of h saquaftoh` ia``, bjr axhep`a). Ihphiotova pjwar os ijfsueal wcaf h iurraft b`jws tj jr brje h ihphiotova `jhl. Ycjrt-ioriuot pjwar jf tca jtcar chfl os ijfsueal wcaf h lorait phtc matwaaf RLL hfl GFL os ejeafthro`y asthm`oscal wco`a tca ia`` os trhfsotojfofg matwaaf sthtas. Oftarfh` lyfheoi ia`` pjwar os h sogfoboihft sjuria jb pjwar lossophtojf of sthtoi IEJY ioriuots (aspaioh``y of saquaftoh` ia``s, wcoic chva ra`htova`y `hrga hejufts jb oftarfh` ihphiotova `jhlofg). 

Lapaflafiy jb oftarfh` ia`` pjwar jf ofput rheptoea r heptoea hfl jutput `jhl . \ca scjrt-

ioriuot ijepjfaft jb oftarfh` ia`` pjwar vhroas sogfoboihft`y wotc ichfgas of tca s`jpa jb tca ofput trhfsotojf, hs wa`` hs tca jutput `jhl tca ia`` os lrovofg. Mjtc jb tcasa phrheatars hbbait tca hejuft jb toea tca jpaf RLL/GFL phtc axosts of tca ia``. 

Axtarfh` ihphiotova pjwar . ^jwar lossophtojf ihusal my tca ichrgofg hfl

losichrgofg jb fats hfl phrhsotoi ihphiotova `jhls jf tca fats os h`sj sogfoboihft of sthtoi IEJY ioriuots. 

^hrtoh`-vj`thga swofg jutput pjwar. Bjr ejst lrovars, tca vj`thga swofg jf tca jf

tca jutput pof os matwaaf RLL hfl GFL. Cjwavar, of sjea sotuhtojfs, tca vj`thga swofg ehy ma `oeotal tj `ass tchf tcos. \cos os tca ihsa wotc sjea cogc-spaal IEJY O/J bheo`oas. 

\craa-sthta mus pjwar. Wcaf h tcraa-sthta mus ichfgas `jgoih` sthtas, ot os

oepjrthft tj kfjw wcoic lrovar ihusal tca ichfga tj hiiurhta`y ijeputa tca

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 8 “ Afargy hfl ^jwar Hfh`ysos ^jwar Ijepjfaft Coarhricy 

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    3

ihphiotova pjwar lossophtojf bjr tcht avaft. \cos pravafts jvar-ijuftofg jr uflarijuftofg jb pjwar lua tj tcraa-sthta mus avafts. \ca pjwar lossophtojf httromuthm`a tj avary pjwar lossophtofg avaft, hs spaioboal of h ghta-`ava` `omrhry, `omrhry, os tcaf eu`top`oal my tca fuemar jb toeas tca avaft jiiurs lurofg soeu`htojf (hs latareofal my hfh`yzofg tca soeu`htojf rasu`ts), tj ih`iu`hta tca afargy httromuthm`a tj tcht pjwar lossophtofg avaft jvar tca ijursa jb tca soeu`htojf.

Ythtoi ^jwar Ijepjfaft ^sthtoiZiurraft os ih`iu`htal my eu`top`yofg tca sthtoi iurraft spaioboal bjr ahic ia`` my RLL bjr tcht ia``, hfl sueeofg bjr h`` ia``s of tca lasogf. ^sthtoiZsthta os h `ott`a ejra ijep`oihtal, maihusa ot raquoras h kfjw`alga jb tca hejuft jb toea tcht tca ia`` spaft of h phrtoiu`hr sthta. \cht ofbjrehtojf os ij``aital lurofg soeu`htojf hfl usal bjr tca pjwar hfh`ysos. Yt Ythtoi htoi pjwar lossophtojf jb tca ia`` bjr h phrtoiu`hr sthta os fjreh`ozal tj tca hejuft jb toea tcht tca ia`` spaft of tca sthta. Ia``s tcht lj fjt spafl hfy toea of h sthtoi-pjwar-ijfsueofg sthta lj fjt ofiur hfy sthta-lapaflaft sthtoi pjwar. (\cay sto`` ofiur sthtoi pjwar lua tj sthtaoflapaflaft sthtoi iurraft.) \ca hiiurhiy jb pjwar hfh`ysos lapafls jf cjw wa`` tcasa abbaits hra ejla`al. ^jwarHrtost hiijufts bjr tca bj``jwofg sthtoi pjwar lossophtojf abbaits4 

Ythta-oflapaflaft Ythta-ofl apaflaft ia`` pjwar. \cos hrosas of hfh`jg ioriuot m`jiks (^@@, bjr

axhep`a) hfl of IEJY `ahkhga iurrafts (wcoic of ejst ihsas hra seh`` afjugc tcht tcay lj fjt faal tj ma ejla`al). 

Ythta-lapaflaft Ythta -lapaflaft ia`` sthtoi pjwar. Qf`oka lyfheoi pjwar, sthta-lapaflaft sthtoi

pjwar os ijfsueal wcafavar tca ia`` os of h iarthof `jgoi sthta rhtcar tchf wcaf tca ia`` ehkas h `jgoi trhfsotojf. \cos os oepjrthft bjr ejla`ofg pjwar of O/J phls, ia``s wotc phssova pu``-up/pu``-ljwf ijepjfafts, hfl iarthof praichrga jr lyfheoi-`jgoi sty`a ia``s. 

Ythtoi Ythto i pjwar lossophtojf of O/J phls wotc axtarfh` tareofhtojfs. Wco`a sthtoi pjwar

lossophtojf jb oftarfh` icop ia``s os latareofal aftora`y my tca `jgoi ijflotojfs hfl a`aitroih` phrheatars ofsola tca icop, pjwar lossophtojf jb axtarfh``y tareofhtal O/ J phls wo`` lapafl jf tca vh`uas jb tareofhtojf vj`thga hfl jptojfh` pu`` rasostjrs. ^jwarHrtost os ihphm`a jb ejla`ofg h`` pjwar lossophtojf abbaits losiussal hmjva. Bjr cogcast hiiurhiy, h `omrhry pjwar ejla` scju`l ofi`ula tcasa abbaits. Abbaits suic hs `ahkhga pjwar, wcoic ehy rasu`t of ofsogfoboihft ijftromutojf tj pjwar lossophtojf, ehy ma jptojfh``y jeottal bjr cogcar hfh`ysos parbjrehfia.

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

?

Ichptar == Ichptar 

Oftarfh`s

=

Oftrjluitojf \cos ichptar prjvolas latho`s jf sjea jb ^jwarHrtost‟s oftarfh` prjiassas hfl h`gjrotces hfl prjvolas ofbjrehtojf jf tca lobbaraft eatcjls yju ihf usa tj ijftrj` tcae.

Ichptar Jrghfozhtojf \ca bj``jwofg sumdaits hra ijvaral of tcos ichptar4  

\rhfsotojf Ijuftofg jf Fats   Hitovoty Ih`iu`htojf



Eoirj-Hricotaiturh` Ofbarafiofg  



Labhu`t \rhfsotojf \oea Ih`iu`htjr  

\rhfsotojf Ijuftofg jf Fats \ca thm`a ljiueafts tca GHB irahtojf prjiass ijufts trhfsotojfs jf fats,bj``jwofg my labhu`t, wcaf ufkfjwfcjw jr cogc-oepalhfia ijflotojfs hra lataital. \hm`a 8

Cjw GHB Irahtojf Ijufts Ijuf ts \rhfsotojfs

\rhfsotojf

Hitojf

S -6 >

Ijufts hs h trhfsotojf

S -6 8

Ijufts hs h trhfsotojf

> -6 S

Ljas fjt ijuft hs h trhfsotojf

8 -6 S

Ljas fjt ijuft hs h trhfsotojf

> -6 T

Ljas fjt ijuft hs h trhfsotojf

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    8>

ICH^\A] = “ Oftarfh`s \rhfsotojf Ijuftofg jf Fats

\hm`a 8

Cjw GHB Irahtojf Ijufts Ijuf ts \rhfsotojfs

\rhfsotojf

Hitojf

8 -6 T

Ljas fjt ijuft hs h trhfsotojf

T -6 >

Ijufts hs h trhfsotojf

T -6 8

Ijufts hs h trhfsotojf

Ob yju usa tca -ogfjraZtjgg`asZtcrjugcZx jptojf tj Ih`iu`hta^jwar , trhfsotojfs tj tca S sthta hra fjt thkaf oftj ijfsolarhtojf. Bjr axhep`a, tca trhfsotojf saquafia >S> ljas fjt ijuft hs h trhfsotojf. Cjwavar Cjwavar,, tca trhfsotojf >S8 os ijuftal hs h trhfsotojf. Bjr axhep`a, yju ihf usa tca -ogfjraZtjgg`asZtcrjugcZx jptojf ob yju chva soeu`htojf ejla`s tcht la`omarhta`y bjria S‟s jftj mus `ofas tj ofloihta tcht tca lhth jf tca mus `ofa os ofvh`ol bjr sjea parojl jb toea. \ca pjwar jb hf ]\@ ofsthfia os astoehtal mhsal jf iueu`htova tjgg`a ijuft jf ahic jb tca fats ijffaital tj tca ofsthfia hfl, gafarh``y, tcaor luty iyi`a. Hfy trhfsotojf tj sthta S (jr T) os fjt ijuftal. \rhfsotojfs brje S8 jr S> hra ijuftal hs bu`` trhfsotojfs. \ca shea hpp`oas bjr trhfsotojfs brje T > hfl T8. Abbaitova`y, jf hvarhga ^jwarHrtost ijufts 1>% jb tca tjgg`as. \oea spaft of tca S sthta os sp`ot avaf`y matwaaf sthtas 8 hfl >; tcarabjra, h fat tcht spaft tca aftora soeu`htojf of sthta S wo`` chva h luty iyi`a jb >.1. Yj tjj wo`` h fat tcht spaft 8/9 jb ots toea of sthta 8, h`sj chva spaft 8/9 of > hfl 8/9 of S. ]\@ pjwar hfh`ysos, tcarabjra, ihf ma shol tj traht S sthtas hs 8/= of sthta > hfl 8/= of sthta 8.

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] = “ Oftarfh`s  Hi tovo  Hito voty ty Ih Ih`i `iu`h u`h tojf to jf

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    88

Hitovoty Ih`iu`htojf \ca tare ‐hitovoty― hs ot rabars tj h fat ihf ma labofal hs tca rhtoj jb tca braquafiy jb h fat tj tca i`jik braquafiy braquafiy.. Hitovoty os ih`iu`htal my thkofg tca tjth` tjgg`as jf h fat, lovolofg tcae my tca tjth` tjgg`as jf tca i`jik fat bjr tca shea toea hfl eu`top`yofg tcht fuemar my =. \ca hitovoty jb h grjup jb fats os tca hvarhg hvarhga a jb tca hitovotoas jb h`` tca fheal fats of tca grjup. Bjr axhep`a, ax hep`a, ob Hitovoty(fat8) 5 .1 hfl Hitovoty(fat=) 5 .71, tca hvarhga wo`` ma 8.=1/= 5 .2=1. Ob yju hra parbjreofg vaitjr hfh`ysos, ahic grjup wo`` chva hvarhga hitovoty vh`uas hs h bufitojf jb toea. \ca hvarhga hitovoty vh`ua os ijeputal my ih`iu`htofg tca hitovoty vh`ua bjr h`` fats of tcht grjup brje yjur soeu`htojf lhth hfl ijeputofg tcaor hvarhga vh`ua. \ca fats ofi`ula pjrts jb ejlu`as hs wa`` hs `jih` fats. ]aeaemar, h grjup os fjt jf`y h ejlu`a mut h`` ico`lraf ofsthftohtojfs jb tca ejlu`a.

Luty Iyi`a Ih`iu`htojf  ijeehfl parbjres luty iyi`a \ca GHB irahtojf prjiass ruf my tca Ih`iu`hta^jwar  ijeehfl ih`iu`htojf bjrLuty ^jwarHrtost. \cos saitojf lasiromas tca latho`s jb cjw tcht ih`iu`htojf os parbjreal. iyi`a os labofal hs bj``jws4 lutyZiyi`a 5 \8 / (\8+\>)

wcara \8 5 tca tjth` toea of wcoic tca sogfh` raehofs of tca 8 sthta, \> 5 tca tjth` toea of wcoic tca sogfh` raehofs of tca > sthta. Of ihsa jb S/T vh`uas, ^jwarHrtost faals tj latareofa wcatcar tcos vh`ua (S/T) scju`l ma ijfsolaral hs h > jr 8. \ca why of wcoic tca vh`ua (> jr 8) jb S/T os latareofal lapafls jf wcara tca S ijeas wotc raspait tj tca vh`ua ichfga4 



S ijeas ht tca afl jb tca vh`ua ichfga. Ob tca sogfh`‟s `hst vh`ua ichfga os S/T tcaf wa hssuea tcht ch`b tca toea tca sogfh` whs of tca 8 sthta hfl ch`b tca toea tca sogfh` whs of tca > sthta. \cht‟s wcy ob h sogfh`‟s ofotoh` vh`ua os S hfl ot favar ichfgas ots vh`ua, tcaf GHB irahtojf jutputs .1 hs ots luty iyi`a. S ijeas ht tca magoffofg jr of tca eoll`a jb h vh`ua ichfga saquafia. Ob tcara hra burtcar vh`ua ichfgas jb h sogfh` hbtar tca S sthta, ^jwarHrtost hssueas tcht S os tca jppjsota jb tca faw vh`ua. \cht os4 ob S--68 tcaf S os > cara ob S--6> tcaf S os 8 cara

Mhsal jf tcasa twj hssueptojfs ^jwarHrtost ih`iu`htas tca luty iyi`a. Ijfsolar tca bj``jwofg axhep`a thkaf brje h RIL bo`a.

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] = “ Oftarfh`s Luty Iyi`a Ih`iu`htojf

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    8=

Rh`ua Ichfgas jb h Yogfh` wotc \hg '-' #> >#=1 8#11 x#?1 8#891 x#811 > sthta -- =1fs ( =1 -> ) 8 sthta -- 9>fs ( 11 -=1 ) x sthta -- fs ( ?1 - 11 ) 8 sthta -- fs ( 891 - ?> ) x sthta -- =>fs ( 811 - 891 )

Cara, tcara hra twj S vh`ua ichfgas. ^jwarHrtost faals tj latareofa wcatcar tj ijfsolar tcae hs '>' jr '8'. 



\ca borst x (11-?1) bh``s of tca saijfl ihsa, tcht os, tcara hra vh`ua ichfgas hbtar x; tcarabjra, x os hssueal tj ma tca jppjsota jb ots faw vh`ua(8), wcoic os >. \ca saijfl x (891-811) bh``s of tca borst ihsa, tcht os, x os tca `hst vh`ua ichfga; tcarabjra, GHB irahtojf hssueas tcht ch`b tca toea (=>/= 5 8>) tca sogfh` whs of tca 8 sthta hfl tca raehofofg toea ot whs of tca > sthta.

Govaf tca vh`uas of tcos axhep`a, tca luty iyi`a os ih`iu`htal hs4 \> 5 =1 + (8st S wo`` ma > fjw) + 8> (ch`b jb =>) 55 71 \8 5 9> + + 8> (ch`b jb =>) 55 3> lutyZiyi`a 5 3>/ (3>+71) 55 .1828=?

Ob yju spaioboal tca ‐-bjrialZx >― jptojf tj tca Ih`iu`hta^jwar ijeehfl tcht bjrias S tj ma >, tca ih`iu`htojf wo`` ma hs bj``jws4 \> 5 =1 + + => 5 31 \8 5 9> + 5 7> lutyZiyi`a 5 7>/811 5 .U jut;   ofput i`k, rasat;   ofput [84>U of8, of=;   h`whys N(pjsalga i`k jr pjsalga rasat)   ob (rasat)    

jut 5 >; a`sa

 

jut 5 of8+of=;

aflejlu`a RCL@ aftoty h os   pjrt (ju (jut4 t4 of stlZ`jgoiZvaitjr(= stlZ`jgoiZvaitjr(= ljwftj ljwftj >); >);  

i`k, rasat4 of mot;

 

of8, of=4 stlZ`jgoiZvaitjr(8 stlZ`jgoiZvaitjr(8 ljwftj >));

afl h; hricotaitura troh` jb h os magof   prjiass (i`k, rasat) magof   ob rasat 5 '8' tcaf        

jut 05 '>'; a`sob i`k' avaft hfl i`k 5 '8' jut 05 of8+of=; afl ob;

  afl prjiass; afl troh`;

\cos gafarhtas twj faw sum-ejlu`as, #8 hfl #=. 



#8 os lua tj tca hllotojf jparhtjr, jparhtjr, os ofbarral hs h =-mot-wola ropp`a ihrry hllar (hllarZrop) hfl chs h ejlu`a typa fhea jb #hllar#. #= os h 9-mot-wola l b`op b`jp lua tj tca hssogfeaft sthtaeaft, os ofbarral hs h ragostar, chs h ejlu`a typa fhea jb #ragostar#, hfl chs i`k hs ots i`jik hfl rasat hs tca hsyficrjfjus rasat.

\casa twj a`aeafts hra oftarijffaital of tca fat`ost. Jfia tca `hfguhga ijepo`ar ijep`atas eoirj-hricotaiturh` ofbarafiofg, tca siafhroj bo`a ijfthofs h ijep`ata oftarijffaital fat`ost ijfsostofg jb ofbarral ejlu`as. \ca faxt stap ehps ofbarral a`aeafts tj tcaor ijrraspjflofg Hphica ejla`s hfl ofsthftohtal a`aeafts tj `omrhry bo`a aftroas. Ob tcara hra eu`top`a Hphica ejla`s raprasaftofg lobbaraft eoirj-hricotaituras, bjr ofsthfia ropp`a varsus ihrry `jjkhcahl hllars, tca hricotaitura tcht thkas tca `ahst sphia jf tca loa wo`` ma icjsaf. \ca bofh` stap jiiurs lurofg pjwar hfh`ysos. Hphica pjwar ejla`s hra taicfj`jgy oflapaflaft. \ca ofbarafial ijepjfafts eust ma ehppal jftj h phrtoiu`hr thrgat

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] = “ Oftarfh`s Labhu`t \rhfsotojf \oea Ih`iu`htjr 

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    81

taicfj`jgy spaioboal my yjur pjwar `omrhry bo`as. \ca ehppofg prjiass ofvj`vas sa`aitofg raprasafthtova `omrhroas ia``s bjr tca 8< proeotova ijepjfafts. Bjr labhu`t ia`` sa`aitojf, yju chva tca icjoia jb aotcar axp`oiot`y spaiobyofg labhu`t ia``s of hf Y@L bo`a jr h``jwofg ^jwarHrtost tj hutjehtoih``y sa`ait tca labhu`t ia``s (prabarral). Ob yju spaioby labhu`t ia``s of tca Y@L, bjr ahic labhu`t ia`` typa, yju chva tj icjjsa jfa ia`` fhea brje tca pjwar `omrhry bo`a tcht wju`l chva tca cogcast prjmhmo`oty jb maofg tcatcht ia``raquora icjsaftcht my yjur syftcasos tjj`. \cos ia`` ihf tcaf ma usal lurofg h`` ih`iu`htojfs ia`` typa.  Hs pravojus`y eaftojfal, otot os raijeeaflal tcht yju h``jw ^jwarHrtost tj hutjehtoih``y sa`ait labhu`t ia``s. \cos eatcjl os hvho`hm`a bjr @omarty `omrhroas. Lurofg hutjehtoi sa`aitojf, bjr ahic ofbarral ofsthfia, ^jwarHrtost axheofas tca prjdaital ihphiotova `jhlofg jf tca ofsthfia hfl sahricas tca pjwar `omrhry bo`as bjr ia``s wcjsa pjwar ejla`s mast bot tcos phrtoiu`hr ofbarral ofsthfia. Wco`a h ragostar lorait`y ehps tj h b`jp of h pjwar `omrhry bo`a, hf f-mot wola ropp`a ihrry hllar wju`l raquora bu`` hllar, axi`usova-jr, axi`usova-jr, fhfl, hfl ofvartar ia``s. ^jwarHrtost axheofas tca bufitojf sthtaeaft jb ahic ia`` of tca pjwar `omrhry hfl latareofas ob ot ehticas jfa jb tca proeotova ijepjfafts. Ob ot ehticas, hfl ob ot h`sj ijfthofs h s`aw hfl la`hy ejla`, ot maijeas h ihflolhta bjr usa lurofg pjwar hfh`ysos. Ob tca ia`` bufitojf sthtaeaft os ijep`ax, ^jwarHrtost eogct fjt raijgfoza ot hs jfa jb tca labhu`t ia`` typas.  H`sj, wotc tca ichfga jb wora `jhl ejla`, tca `jhl maofg lrovaf my tca ofba ofbarral rral saquaftoh`/ijemofhtojfh` `jgoi ehy ichfga sogfoboihft`y (ofirahsa jr lairahsa), wcoic iju`l rasu`t of h lobbarafia of tca kofl k ofl jb labhu`t ia``s maofg sa`aital. H lobbarafia of tca sa`aitojf jb labhu`t ia``s wo`` rasu`t of lobbarafia of `ahkhga pjwar. Ijfsaquaft`y,, `ahkhga pjwar bjr h phrtoiu`hr lasogf wo`` vhry wotc tca sa`aital wora Ijfsaquaft`y `jhl ejla`.

Labhu`t \rhfsotojf \oea Ih`iu`htjr  ^jwarHrtost latareofas tca labhu`t trhfsotojf toea mhsal jf lobbaraft bhitjrs.  tca sattofg jb tca -labhu`tZtrhfsotojfZtoea ijeehfl jptojf 

tca prasafia jb hf Y@L bo`a wotc tca Labhu`t\rhfsotojf\ Labhu`t\rhfsotojf\oea oea phrheatar sat

Ob yju lj fjt spaioby h labhu`t trhfsotojf toea usofg tca Ih`iu`hta^jwar /]aluia^jwar  -labhu`tZtrhfsotojfZtoea jptojf, hfl yju lj fjt chva hf Y@L bo`a wotc Labhu`t\rhfsotojf\oea Labhu`t\ rhfsotojf\oea spaioboal, ^jwarHrtost wo`` ih`iu`hta tca jptoeh` labhu`t trhfsotojf toea, usofg tca bj``jwofg oftarfh` prjiass4 8. Ot ih`iu`htas tca seh``ast typoih` `jhl, wcoic os tca hvarhga jb tca pof ihps jb h

sthflhrl sofg`a-lrova, =-ofput, FHFL ghta. =. Ot tcaf ih`iu`htas tca labhu`t s`aw hs tca hvarhga ia`` s`aw jb h `jw-rhfga labhu`t

ofvartar p`us tca hvarhga ia`` s`aw jb h eol-rhfga labhu`t ofvartar lovolal my twj jr, mhsoih``y4 (hvgIa``Y`awJb@jw]hfgaL (hvgIa``Y`aw Jb@jw]hfgaLb`tOfv b`tOfv + hvgIa``Y`awJbEol]hfgaLb hvgIa``Y`awJbEol]hfgaLb`tOfv) `tOfv) / =

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] = “ Oftarfh`s Labhu`t \rhfsotojf \oea Ih`iu`htjr 

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    82

\ca hvarhga s`aw jb h ia`` os ih`iu`htal usofg trhfsotojf thm`as, jb wcoic tcara ehy ma up tj bjur“h rosa hfl bh`` thm`a bjr ahic ofput. \casa thm`as hra oflaxal my ofput trhfsotojf toea hfl ihphiothfia. 9. Bjr ahic trhfsotojf thm`a, ^jwarHrtost sa`aits h eoll`a vh`ua bjr tca ofput trhfsotojf

toea, hfl usas tca ihphiothfia vh`ua ih`iu`htal of stap 8 (tcht os, tca seh``ast typoih` `jhl) tj bofl tca jutput trhfsotojf toea. Ot tcaf hvarhgas tca jutput trhfsotojf toeas bjufl of ahic jb tca thm`as.

^rofts oftarfh` lrovar pjwar of saphrhta saitojf. h Ofi`ulas hrah ofbjrehtojf. i Ejvas pjwar lua tj i`jik swotical-ihp oftj tca i`jik rapjrt. Ypaioboih``y Ypaioboih``y,, tcos jptojf os usal bjr axtrhitofg tca i`jik pjwar ijepjfaft jb hf ofsthfia jb h ragostar jr `htic. \ca i`jik pjwar ijepjfaft os jmthofal brje @omarty vaitjrs ejla`ofg dust h rosa jr bh`` jf h i`jik pof, wcoic ehy jr ehy fjt ma quh`oboal my h mjj`ahf axprassojf. Axhep`as4

(>8 I@K), (>8 I@K || 8> I@K), (>8 I@K && IY) I Ejvas pjwar lua tj i`jik swotical-ihp oftj tca i`jik rapjrt. Ypaioboih``y Ypaioboih``y,, tcos

jptojf os jr usal bjr axtrhitofg tcapjwar i`jik pjwar ijepjfaft jb hfbrje ofsthfia jb h eaejry O^ m`jik. \ca i`jik ijepjfaft os jmthofal @omarty vaitjrs ejla`ofg dust h rosa jr bh`` jf h i`jik pof, wcoic ehy jr ehy fjt ma quh`oboal my h mjj`ahf axprassojf. l Ycjws jf`y faw la`ths jf phrafts wcaf wrotofg h pjwar lobbarafia rapjrt. a \ca pjwar rapjrt wo`` ma wrottaf usofg sioaftoboi fjthtojf. g Ofi`ulas fat braquafiy hfl g`otic ofbjrehtojf. o Oflafts coarhricy. coarhricy. Ico`lraf ofsthfias hra fastal hfl oflaftal uflarfahtc tcaor phraft.

O Jutpu Jutputs ts `jhl pjwar ofbjr ofbjrehto ehtojf jf bbjr jr pr proehry oehry ofput fats fats.. e Axi`ulas ofbarral ofsthfias.

E Jutputs rataftojf b`jps jb tca `omrhry ia`` tj wcoic tca ofbarral ofst ofsthfia hfia ehppal. F Ofi`ulas fat trhfsotojf toea ofbjrehtojf of rapjrt. p Ofi`ulas coarhricoih` phrafts.

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    =<

Ih`iu`hta^jwar 

^ Ofi`ulas pof trhfsotojf toea ofbjrehtojf of rapjrt. r Qsas ra`htova pariafthgas tj laejfstrhta pjwar lobbarafias of tca pjwar lobbarafia rapjrt.

t ^ro ^roft fts s ijem ijemofa ofal l sth sthtoi toi hf hfl l lyfh lyfheoi eoi of ofsth sthfia fia pjwar pjwar.. u Axi`u Axi`ulas las va vafljr fljr gh ghtas tas br brje je pj pjwar war hf hfl l hrah rapjrt rapjrts. s. v Bjr ghta-`ava` ofsthfias, tcos jptojf rap`hias tca ghta fhea wotc vafljrZghta  of tca rapjrt. R ]apjrts pjwar lossophtojf par pjwar supp`y. z Axi`ulas fats wotc fjf-zarj braquafiy brje rapjrts gafarhtal wotc fat braquafiy hfl g`otic ofbjrehtojf (usofg tca -hvarhgaZrapjrtZjptojfs g jptojf). H`ohs4 -r 

-hvarhgaZupbZofZbo`a bo`aZfhea Ypaioboas h Q^B bo`a hs ofput bjr hf hvarhga pjwar hfh`ysos. -hvarhgaZwrotaZpjwarZlm trua | bh`sa Wrotas jut h pjwar lhthmhsa (.plm) bjr hf hvarhga hv arhga pjwar hfh`ysos. Wcaf tcos jptojf os spaioboal, tca hfh`yzars wo`` jutput tca JpafHiiass lhthmhsa raprasafthtojf jb h`` tca pjwar hfh`ysos rasu`ts. Labhu`t4 bh`sa -ih`iu`htaZ`jg bo`aZfhea Ypaioboas tca fhea jb tca jutput `jg bo`a bjr tcos ijeehfl. Labhu`t4 Ih`iu`hta^jwar Ih`iu`hta^jwar.`jg .`jg H`ohs4 -`jg -ijeprassZghb ijeprassZghb   trua | bh`sa Wrotas jut h ijeprassal .ghb bo`a ijeprassal usofg wwgzop (wcoic os tca gzop scoppal wotc ^jwarHrtost). Labhu`t4 bh`sa -labhu`tZljftZusaZia``s bo`aZfhea Axi`ulas tca ia``s of tca govaf bo`a ijfsolarhtojf lurofg tca labhu`t ia`` sa`aitojf prjiass.

\ca bjreht jb tca bo`a os hs bj``jws4 ia``Zfhea `omrhryZfhea Yhep`a Bo`a LBB]S8 typoih`Z89 \@H\S8 typoih`Z89 Fjta4 tcos jptojf os jmsj`ata. _ _ju ju scju`l usa tca YatHttromuta YatHttromuta ijeehfl  ijeehfl ofstahl.

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    =1

Ih`iu`hta^jwar 

-labhu`tZjutputZ`jhl b`jht Yats tca labhu`t jutput `jhl tj b`jht Bhrhls. \cos `jhl ihphiothfia os hpp`oal tj h`` proehry jutputs fjt `ostal of tca `jhl jr worofg ihp bo`as (spaioboal usofg aotcar tca -ihphiothfiaZbo`a jr -`jhlZbo`a jptojfs). Labhu`t4 > H`ohs4 -l` -labhu`tZtrhfsotojfZtoea b`jht Yats tca labhu`t trhfsotojf toea tj b`jht saijfls bjr hfy fat bjr bj r wcoic s`aw os fjt spaioboal. H`ohs4 -lt -latho`alZvartoih`Zrapjrt trua | bh`sa Gafarhtas h latho`al vartoih` pjwar rapjrt. Labhu`t4 bh`sa -ljehofZbraquafiyZia``Zsa`aitojf trua | bh`sa Wcaf sat tj trua, tcos jptojf hitovhtas braquafiy-mhsal ia`` hssogfeaft. \cara os fj labhu`t vh`ua bjr tca -ljehofZbraquafiyZia``Zsa`aitojf jptojf. Wcaf ijemofal wotc tca -braquafiy jptojf tj tca YatI`jikFat ijeehfl, tcos jptojf latareofas

wcaf braquafiy-mhsal ia`` sa`aitojf jiiurs. Braquafiy-mhsal ia`` sa`aitojf jiiurs of aotcar jb tca bj``jwofg twj sotuhtojfs4  

-ljehofZbraquafiyZia``Zsa`aitojf os spaioboal hfl sat tj trua. -ljehofZbraquafiyZia``Zsa`aitojf os fjt spaioboal ht h`` hfl -braquafiy os spaioboal jf jfa jr ejra YatI`jikFat ijeehfls.

Jtcarwosa, fjf braquafiy-mhsal ia`` sa`aitojf jiiurs. Labhu`t4 (saa lasiroptojf) -bofoscZtoea strofg  Ytjps Ytjp s ij``aitofg lhth ht tca spaioboal strofg  . Ob strofg   afls wotc tca `attar ‐s―, ot  afls os spaioboal hs toea, jtcarwosa ot os spaioboal of soeu`htjr toiks. Ot os strjfg`y

raijeeaflal tcht yju latareofa h -sthrtZtoea hfl -bofoscZtoea of jrlar tj sa`ait tca ejst raprasafthtova toea s`oia bjr yjur hfh`ysos ruf. Labhu`t4 Ob yju lj fjt spaioby -bofoscZtoea, tca hfh`ysos rufs tj tca afl jb yjur hitovoty bo`a. H`ohs4 -bofosc -b`jpZi`jikZhitovoty bo`aZfheaZprabox  Ejfotjrs tca hitovoty jb i`jik pofs of ragostars of yjur lasogf hfl gafarhtas b`jp i`jik hitovoty hfh`ysos taxt bo`as hfl whvabjres of .pti` bjreht. \ca bo`aZfheaZprabox   spaioboas tca prabox yju whft tj usa bjr tcasa b`jp i`jik  spaioboas hitovoty jutput bo`as (bjr axhep`a, ‐bih― os ijeejf`y usal). Bjr ejra ofbjrehtojf jf tca jutput bo`as tcos jptojf prjluias, saa Ejfotjrofg B`jp I`jik Hitovoty . -bslmZjutputZbo`a bo`aZfhea Jutputs pjwar jvar toea whvabjres of tca BYLM bjreht tj tca spaioboal bo`a fhea.

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    =2

Ih`iu`hta^jwar 

-ghbZbo`a bo`aZfhea Ypaioboas tca fhea tj ma govaf tj tca G`jmh` Hitovoty Bo`a (GHB) tcht os gafarhtal my prjiassofg tca -hitovotyZbo`a hrgueaft lurofg hf hvarhga pjwar ih`iu`htojf. \ca hvarhga pjwar ih`iu`htojf afgofa tcaf rahls of tcos bo`a. \cos hrgueaft os raquoral. Labhu`t4 (fjfa) H`ohs4 -h -ghtaZ`ava`Zfat`ost trua | bh`sa Loraits ^jwarHrtost tj raghrl tca lasogf hs h ghta-`ava`. \cos chs tca bj``jwofg abbaits jf tca tjj` b`jw4 



Lurofg ijepo`htojf, A`hmjrhta wo`` afsura tcht tca lasogf os h ghta-`ava` fat`ost. Ob ]\@ jparhtjrs hra afijuftaral (jtcar tchf lorait hssogfeafts jb jfa sogfh` tj hfjtcar), tcaf h whrfofg os proftal pr oftal hfl tca jparhtjrs hra raejval brje tca lasogf. Lurofg aotcar hvarhga jr toeaZmhsal pjwar hfh`ysos, ^jwarHrtost wo`` skop labhu`t ia`` sa`aitojf bjr ]\@ jparhtjrs. Ob h`` soeu`htojf hitovoty chs maaf lorait`y raijrlal hfl tcaf pjwar hfh`ysos skops hitovoty prjphghtojf bjr

hllotojfh` ruftoea abboioafiy. H`ohs4 -ghta -oftarvh`Zsoza b`jht Ypaioboas Ypaiob oas h fuemar jb oftarvh`s oftj wcoic tca soeu`htojf wo`` ma mrjkaf lurofg h toea-mhsal pjwar hfh`ysos. Bjr ejra ofbjrehtojf jf tca ushga jb tcos jptojf hfl hf axhep`a, saa Ijftrj``ofg _jur \oea-Mhsal ^jwar Hfh`ysos . Fjta tcht yju faal tj aotcar spaioby -oftarvh` jr -rabarafiaZi`jik hfl -fueZi`jikZiyi`as. \cos os usal bjr ghta-`ava` lasogfs. Labhu`t4 bh`sa -eoxalZsoeZprjmZastoehtojf trua | bh`sa

Afhm`as hitovoty prjphghtojf wcaf tca soeu`htojf luep os phrtoh` hfl ljas fjt ihptura h`` fats, jr wcaf tca lasogf lasiroptojf ljas fjt axhit`y ehtic tca soeu`htojf lhth. Labhu`t4 bh`sa -ejlaZbo`a bo`aZfhea ]ahls tca spaioboal ejla ijftrj` bo`a. Fjta tcht yju ihffjt usa tcos jptojf wotc tca -ghtaZ`ava`Zfat`ost jptojf. \cos b`jw os jf`y vh`ol bjr ]\@ hvarhga pjwar hfh`ysos. Bjr ejra ofbjrehtojf jf tca ejla bo`a, saa Ejla Bo`a Bjreht . -eu`top`aZtastmaficZijftrj`Zbo`a bo`aZfhea Ih`iu`htas hf hvarhgal pjwar fuemar mhsal jf eu`top`a GHB bo`as tcht wara gafarhtal usofg lobbaraft tastmaficas. \casa GHB bo`as hra spaioboal voh h ijftrj` bo`a yju spaioby hs hf hrgueaft tj tcos vhrohm`a. Ahic GHB eust ma wrottaf bjr tca shea lasogf (tjp `ava`), mut ijvar lobbaraft pjrtojfs jb tca lasogf, jr supp`y lobbaraft vaitjr sats. \ca tastmaficas lj fjt faal tj ma jb aquh` `afgtc jr

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    =7

Ih`iu`hta^jwar 

eutuh``y axi`usova, mut tcay hra raquoral   tj chva tca shea tjp ofsthfia.  tj H`ohs4 -et -fueZi`jikZiyi`as oft Yats tca oftarvh` soza hs h fuemar jb i`jik iyi`as bjr ]\@ toea-mhsal hfh`ysos. \ca oftarvh` soza os tca parojl jb tca m`jik oftj wcoic ^jwarHrtost wo`` sp`ot tca soeu`htojf. Ot os raijeeaflal tcht yju icjjsa hf oftarvh` grahtar tchf jr aquh` tj

twj i`jik iyi`as. \cos ihf ma h vary parbjrehfia-oftafsova jparhtojf. Oehgofa cjw `jfg ot tjjk tj soeu`hta yjur aftora lasogf. Ob yju sa`ait h seh`` fueZi`jikZiyi`as vh`ua ot os hs ob yju hra raljofg yjur aftora systae hfl parbjreofg h pjwar ih`iu`htojf stap ht tca shea toea. Ob yju spaioby tcos jptojf, yju eust h`sj spaioby tca -rabarafiaZi`jik. Fjta tcht yju faal tj aotcar spaioby -oftarvh`Zsoza jr -fueZi`jikZiyi`as hfl -rabarafiaZi`jik. Labhu`t4 > -pjwarZtaicZbo`a bo`aZfhea Ypaioboas Ypaiob oas h ^HIA taicfj`jgy bo`a bjr ihphiothfia astoehtojf. Ihphiothfia astoehtojf usofg ^HIA jvarrolas ihphiothfia astoehtojf usofg wora `jhl ejla`s, wcarahs jtcar ihphiothfia hffjthtojf eatcjls jvarrola ihphiothfia astoehtojf

usofg ^HIA. ^HIA. Bjr ejra ofbjrehtojf, saa Qsofg ^HIA \aicfj`jgy Bo`as Lurofg ^jwar Hfh`ysos (Math) of tca ^jwarHrtost Qsar Guola hfl Ichptar ? ?,, Gafarhtofg ^HIA \aicfj`jgy Bo`as (Math) of tca ^jwarHrtost @omrhry Lava`jpar‟s Guola. -proftZeossofgZsoeZfats trua | bh`sa ^rofts tca fheas jb fats tcht hra of yjur siafhroj bo`a mut hra fjt of yjur soeu`htojf bo`a. Labhu`t4 bh`sa -pti`ZjutputZbo`a bo`aZfhea Jutputs pjwar-jvar-toea whvabjres of tca ^\I@ bjreht tj tca spaioboal bo`a fhea. -quoat trua proftofg | bh`sa Yupprassas jb fjta-`ava` easshgas. Labhu`t4 bh`sa -rabarafiaZi`jik i`jikZfhea Ypaioboas tca rabarafia i`jik bjr toea-mhsal pjwar hfh`ysos. Ot ijftrj`s wcaf h i`jik sthrts hfl tca `afgtc jb ots parojl. Fjta tcht yju faal tj spaioby aotcar rabarafiaZi`jik. hfl -fueZi`jikZiyi`as jr -oftarvh`Zsoza. \cos os usal bjr ]\@ pjwar hfh`ysos. -shobZbo`a bo`aZfhea Ypaioboas Ypaiobo as h YHOB bo`a tj usa bjr pjwar hfh`ysos ofstahl jb h RIL jr hf BYLM bo`a. Bjr latho`s jf tcos b`jw b`jw,, saa Hfh`yzofg Hvarhga ^jwar Qsofg h YHOB Bo`a. -shvaZi`jikZtraasZfat`ost trua Gafarhtas pjwar lhthmhsa sicaehtois bjr tca i`jik traa of tca lasogf. Labhu`t4 bh`sa

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    =3

Ih`iu`hta^jwar 

-shvaZxZfatsZbo`a bo`aZfhea Irahtas h bo`a `ostofg hfy fats tcht hra of hf S sthta lurofg tca soeu`htojf. \cos irahtas h bo`a wotc tcraa ij`uefs. Yhep`a Jutput

ijuft.f=? 8 >.>>>>>>>88>>> ijuft.f.>>>>>>>9>>

\ca borst ij`uef os tca sogfh` fhea. \ca saijfl ij`uef os tca fuemar jb toeas tca sogfh` trhfsotojfs tj hf S sthta. \ca tcorl ij`uef os tca iueu`htova toea spaft my tca sogfh` of tca S sthta. _ju ihf usa tca -h``jwalZxZtoea jptojf tj sat tca tj`arhfia jb S lataitojf, tcht os, tca h``jwhm`a toea sphf mayjfl wcoic sogfh`s stuik ht S gat rapjrtal. _ju ihf sjrt tcos bo`a my hfy jb tca tcraa ij`uefs usofg tca QFOS ‐sjrt― uto`oty uto`oty,, bjr axhep`a4 % sjrt -r -f -k = xZfatZbo`aZfhea % sjrt -r -f -k 9 xZfatZbo`aZfhea -r ravarsas tca jrlar jb tca rasu`t sj tca `hrgast vh`uas hra ht tca tjp. -f parbjres h fuearoih` sjrt. -k ij`Zfue ofloihtas tca ij`uef fuemar my wcoic tj sjrt. Fjta

Fjta tcht afhm`ofg S fat rapjrtofg ihf ofirahsa tca ruf toea bjr GHB irahtojf.  H`sj, ofstahl jb usofg tca tca labhu`t sattofg jb 8> fs, ot os raijeeaflal tcht yju sat -h``jwalZzZtoea tj h vh`ua tcht os ejst hpprjprohta bjr tca soeu`htojf. H`ohs4 -shvaZxZfats -siafhrojZbo`a bo`aZfhea Ypaioboas h siafhroj bo`a fhea. Ob yju hra of ijepjsota ejla, tcos spaioboas tca rjjt brje wcoic ^jwarHrtost wo`` sahric bjr jtcar siafhroj s iafhroj bo`as. Labhu`t4 (fjfa) H`ohs4 -sif -skopZi`jikZhfh`ysos trua | bh`sa  H``jws yju tj ruf ^jwarHrtost ^jwarHrtost wotcjut h YatI`jikFat ijeehfl. YatI`jikFat ijeehfl. Wcaf sat tj trua, tca i`jik bo`a os ogfjral. \ca labhu`t bjr tcos jptojfs os bh`sa. \ca bj``jwofg ijflotojfs wo`` proft whrfofg/arrjr easshgas4 

Ob yju lj fjt sat tcos jptojf tj trua hfl yju lj fjt spaioby h YatI`jikFat ijeehfl, yju wo`` gat tca bj``jwofg arrjr easshga4 Arrjr4 Faotcar h YatI`jikFat ijeehfl fjr h skopZi`jikZhfh`ysos jptojf os spaioboal. Jfa jb tcae os raquoral.



Ob yju sat tcos jptojf tj trua mut yju lj fjt spaioby ht `ahst jfa YatI`jikFat ijeehfl, yju wo`` gat tca bj``jwofg whrfofg easshga4 Whrfofg4 Fj YatI`jikFat ijeehfl os spaioboal. H skopZi`jikZhfh`ysos jptojf os spaioboal. \carabjra, i`jik trhiofg hfl ofbarafiofg hfh`ysos wo`` ma loshm`al. Qf`ass tca lasogf chs i`jik traas ofsthftohtal, ofhiiurhta rasu`ts ehy jiiur.

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    =?

Ih`iu`hta^jwar 



Ob yju spaioby mjtc h skopZi`jikZhfh`ysos jptojf hfl h YatI`jikFat ijeehfl, yju wo`` gat tca bj``jwofg whrfofg easshga4 Whrfofg4 H YatI`jikFat ijeehfl hfl tca skopZi`jikZhfh`ysos jptojf chva maaf spaioboal. \carabjra, ogfjrofg tca skopZi`jikZhfh`ysos jptojf. I`jik trhiofg hfl/jr ofbarafiofg ofbarafiofg wo`` ma parbjreal.

-spabZbo`a bo`aZfhea

Ypaioboas h Y^AB bo`a. \cos bo`a os usal tj mhik-hffjthta tca pof hfl oftarfh` fat Ypaioboas ihphiothfia vh`uas. Bjr latho`s saa, Mhik-Hffjthtofg Ihphiothfia Qsofg Y^AB . H`ohs4 -spab -sthrtZtoea strofg  Yt Ythrts hrts ij``aitofg lhth ht tca soeu`htojf toea. Ob strofg   afls wotc tca `attar ‐s―, ot os  afls spaioboal hs toea, jtcarwosa ot os spaioboal of soeu`htjr toiks. Ot os strjfg`y raijeeaflal tcht yju latareofa h -sthrtZtoea hfl -bofoscZtoea of jrlar tj sa`ait tca ejst raprasafthtova toea s`oia bjr yjur hfh`ysos ruf. Labhu`t4 Ob yju ljf‟t spaioby -sthrtZtoea, tcaf hfh`ysos magofs ht tca borst soeu`htojf toea sthep of yjur hitovoty bo`a. H`ohs4 -sthrt -sthtostois ragostarZhitovoty Ypaioboas tcht ^jwarHrtost ihptura ragostar hitovoty sthtostois bjr usa of tca Ijj`\oea Ijj`\oe a prjluit. Ijj`\oea raquoras ragostar hitovoty ofbjrehtojf bjr h vaitjr`ass ofsthfthfajus vj`thga lrjp hfh`ysos. Govaf tca ‐-sthtostois ragostarZhitovoty― jptojf, Ih`iu`hta^jwar rapjrts tca ‐pahk― ragostar hitovoty jvar yjur icjsaf soeu`htojf lurhtojf. \cos eahfs tcht yju h`sj chva tj supp`y hf oftarvh` soza tcht os usal tj mrahk yjur soeu`htojf up oftj F oftarvh`s. \cos pahk hitovoty os jutput of yjur Ih`iu`hta^jwar.`jg Ih`iu`hta^jwar .`jg bo`a. Axhep`a Ih`iu`hta^jwar -sthtostois ragostarZhitovoty -sthrtZtoea 8>fs -bofoscZtoea -bofoscZtoe a 8es -oftarvh`Zsoza =>a->?

\cos wju`l gafarhta h faw Fjta =89> of tca `jg bo`a. \ca fjta wju`l hppahr hs bj``jws4 wwghb4 Fjta =89>4 ^ahk ]agostar Hitovoty 5 .7 ^ahk iyi`a sthrt toea 5 1a->3 ^ahk iyi`a afl toea 5 7a->3

_ju ihf tcaf supp`y tca ^ahk ]agostar Hitovoty (.7 of tcos axhep`a) tj Ijj`\oea. \ca Fjta h`sj raijrls tca sthrt hfl afl toea jb tca pahk oftarvh`. -supprassZeasshgas {whrfZfue8 whrfZfue= ...}  Hlls tca spaioboal spaioboal \ \i` i` `ost jb whrfofg fuemars tj tca supp`oal `ost jb whrfofgs tj ma

supprassal. Fjta tcht ob yju spaioby eu`top`a -supprassZwhrfofgs jptojfs tcht tca `ost jb easshga fuemars yju sumsaquaft`y supp`y wo`` jvarwrota tca jrogofh` `ost. Labhu`t4 (fjfa) H`ohs4 -fjwhrf

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    9>

Ih`iu`hta^jwar 

-syf`omZbo`as {bo`aZfhea8 bo`aZfhea= ...}  Hlls tca spaioboal bo`a jr \ \i` i` `ost jb bo bo`as `as tj tca `ost jb @o @omarty marty taicfj`jgy bo`as. \ca hstarosk wo`l ihrl os h``jwal, hfl os axphflal my tca sca``. _ju _ju ihf h`sj usa tca ]ahl@omrhry ijeehfl  ijeehfl tj spaioby wcoic @omarty `omrhroas tj rahl. ]ahl@omrhry H`ohs4 -syf`om -toeaZmhsalZipbZofZbo`a bo`aZfhea

Ypaioboas hf ofput bo`a ijfthofofg pjwar ijfstrhofts of I^B. \cos os h math b`jw. \cjugc tca sjbtwhra suppjrts h sumsat jb tca tjth` I^B 8.8 ijeehfl sat, ot wo`` rahl I^B bo`as tcht usa h`` jb tca hvho`hm`a ijeehfls. Ijeehfls fjt suppjrtal hra ogfjral. Yoeo`hr`y, tca sjbtwhra ogfjras hfy ijeehfl jptojfs tcht hra spaioboal mut fjt suppjrtal. Bjr ejra ofbjrehtojf, saa Qsofg h I^B Ofput B`jw (Math). H`ohs4 -ipb -toeaZmhsalZrapjrtZbo`a bo`aZfhea Wrotas h rapjrt bo`a bjr toeaZmhsal pjwar hfh`ysos wotc tca spaioboal bo`a fhea. H`ohs4 -rpt Labhu`t4 (fjfa) -toeaZmhsalZrapjrtZjptojfs strofg  Ypaioboas rapjrtofg jptojfs bjr toea-mhsal pjwar hfh`ysos. Jptojfs hra4

E Jutputs rataftojf bb`jps `jps jb tca `o`omrhry mrhry ia`` tj wcoic tca ofb ofbarral arral ofsthfia os ehppal. R ]apjrts pjwar lossophtojf par pjwar supp`y. H`ohs4 -r

-toeaZmhsalZupbZofZbo`a bo`aZfhea Ypaioboas Ypaiobo as hf ofput bo`a of Q^B 8.>. Bjr latho`s jf cjw tj usa tcos jptojf, saa Qsofg h Q^B Ofput B`jw (Math). H`ohs4 -upb -toeaZmhsalZwrotaZpjwarZlm trua | bh`sa Wrotas jut h ^jwar Lhthmhsa (.plm) bjr usa of tca ^jwarHrtost ^jwarIhfvhs. Wcaf tcos jptojf os spaioboal, tca toea-mhsal pjwar hfh`yzar wo`` jutput tca JpafHiiass lhthmhsa raprasafthtojf jb h`` tca pjwar hfh`ysos rasu`ts. Fjreh``y, yju wju`l h`whys spaioby tcos jptojf. Labhu`t4 bh`sa H`ohs4 -wrotaZplm -tjpZofsthfia tjpZsoeu`htojfZofsthfia Ypaioboas Ypaiobo as tca bu`` coarhricoih` fhea jb tca tjp-`ava` ejlu`a of tca soeu`htojf coarhricy.. \cos scju`l ijrras coarhricy ijrraspjfl pjfl tj tca ejlu`a spaioboal wotc tca A`hmjrhta A`hmjrhta -tjp  -tjp jptojf. Bjr axhep`a, ob yjur tastmafic os ih``al ‐mafic― ‐ mafic― hfl ot ofsthftohtas tca tjp ejlu`a hs ‐lut―, spaioby -tjpZofst mafic.lut. Labhu`t4 (fjfa) H`ohs4 -tjpofst

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    98

Ih`iu`hta^jwar 

-trhfsotojfZtoeaZbo`a bo`aZfhea Mhik-hffjthtas trhfsotojf toeas (s`aws) bjr fats hfl pofs brje tca spaioboal bo`a. Bjr ejra ofbjrehtojf, saa \rhfsotojf \oea Bo`a Bjreht . Labhu`t4 (fjfa) H`ohs4 -tt -usaZaxostofgZghb trua | bh`sa

Wcaf sat tj trua, ^jwarHrtost ra-rahls hf axostofg GHB stoeu`us bo`a lurofg soeu`htojf-mhsal hvarhga pjwar hfh`ysos. \cos h``jws yju tj parbjre par bjre wcht-ob axparoeafts wotcjut ra-rahlofg yjur stoeu`us bo`a, wcoic ihf ma toea-ijfsueofg. Labhu`t4 bh`sa -usaZ`omrhryZbo`aZfheas trua | bh`sa Wcaf sat tj trua, stjras ia`` `omrhroas my bo`a fhea rhtcar tchf my tca `jgoih` `omrhry fhea ofsola tca @omarty bo`a. Wcafavar yju spaioby h `omrhry fhea, ot os oftarpratal hs h bo`a fhea rhtcar tchf tca fhea ofsola tca .`om tcht chs tca `ofa ‐ `omrhry    `jgoih`Z`omrhryZfhea {....}―. \cos jptojf os raquoral ob yju chva eu`top`a `omrhry bo`as tcht schra tca shea `jgoih` `omrhry fhea. Labhu`t4 bh`sa -usaZsihfZb`jps trua | bh`sa Qsas jf`y sihf b`op-b`jps bjr labhu`t b`op-b`jp ia`` sa`aitojf. My labhu`t, h`` typas jb b`op-b`jps hra ijfsolaral bjr labhu`t b`op-b`jp sa`aitojf, ofi`ulofg sihf b`op-b`jps. Labhu`t4 bh`sa -usaZrt`ZsoeZlhth trua | bh`sa Qsas ]\@ soeu`htojf lhth bjr hvarhga ghta-`ava` pjwar hfh`ysos. \j \j usa tcos bahtura, yju eust chva gafarhtal yjur hitovoty bo`a (GHB) usofg h fhea-ehppal b`jw. Bjr latho`s, saa Fhea Ehppofg B`jw . Labhu`t4 bh`sa H`ohs4 -rt`soe=ghta -vaitjr`assZofputZbo`a bo`aZfhea ]ahls tca spaioboal bo`a hs h Raitjr`ass Hitovoty Bo`a (RHB) (RHB) hfl ruf s h vaitjr`ass hvarhga pjwar hfh`ysos. H`ohs4 -vaitjr`assZofput -vartoih`ZrapjrtZofsthfias {ofst8 ofst= ...} ^rjluias h vartoih` rapjrt tcht prjvolas pr jvolas sueehry ofbjrehtojf bjr tca spaioboal `ost jb ofsthfias. \cos os vh`ol jf`y bjr hvarhga pjwar hfh`ysos. Fjta tcht vartoih` rapjrts lj fjt ofi`ula ofsthfias tcht hra rapjrtal hs phrt jb i`jik traa pjwar. -vartoih`ZrapjrtZsjrtZejla (h`pchmatoih` | pjwar) Yjrts tca vartoih` rapjrt wcaf ot os gafarhtal my tca -vartoih`ZrapjrtZofsthfias jptojf. Labhu`t4 h`pchmatoih` H`ohs4 -sjrt

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    9=

Ih`iu`hta^jwar 

-whotZbjrZ`oiafsa trua | bh`sa Ypaioboas Ypaiob oas tcht ^jwarHrtost whot bjr h `oiafsa tj maijea hvho`hm`a hfl tj fjt axot. Labhu`t4 bh`sa H`ohs4 -whot -zarjZla`hy trua | bh`sa Ypaioboas Ypaiobo as tcht tca hitovoty bo`a whs gafarhtal my h soeu`htjr of zarj-la`hy ejla.

Yaa Tarj La`hy Yoeu`htojf bjr ofbjrehtojf tca abbaits jb spaiobyofg tcos jptojf. \cos ihf jf`y ma usal wotc h toea-mhsal hfh`ysos. Labhu`t4 bh`sa Qfijeejf Jptojfs

-hitovotyZparbjreZas`Zhfh`ysos trua | bh`sa Afhm`as AY@ pjwar hfh`ysos. H`ohs4 -as` -h``jwalZxZtoea strofg  Ypaioboas Ypaiobo as hf hejuft jb toea h fat ihf ma of hf S sthta ijftofujus`y (fjt losirata). Ypaioboas Ypaiobo as hf hejuft jb toea h fat ihf ma of hf S sthta ijftofujus`y (fjt losirata). Ob hfy sogfh` os of S sthta (ijftofujus`y) bjr ejra tchf tca toea spaioboal wotc h``jwalZxZtoea tcaf ot os rapjrtal hs WH]FOFG 99$ #8> x$ #=> >$ #9> x$ # >$ #1> x$ #2> >$ #7> x$

Cara, tca tjth` x lurhtojf os 8>(=>-8>) + 8>(-9>) + 8>(2>-1>) + 8>(7>-2>) 5 fs. Mut tca sogfh` favar raehofs of S sthta bjr ejra tchf 8>fs jb toea“ot ichfgas ots vh`ua tj >. \carabjra, ob -h``jwalZxZtoea 5 8> fs (jr `ass) h`` bjur jiiurrafias wo`` ma ijuftal. Ob -h``jwalZxZtoea os grahtar tchf 8>fs, fjtcofg wo`` ma ijuftal. Yj cara x sthta eahfs 8 x sthta ijftofujus`y“fjt tca aftora S-sthta lurofg tca soeu`htojf.

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    99

Ih`iu`hta^jwar 

Ob strofg  afls  afls wotc tca `attar ‐s―, ot os spaioboal hs toea, jtcarwosa ot os spaioboal of soeu`htjr toiks. Labhu`t4 8>fs -h``jwalZzZtoea strofg  Ypaioboas Ypaiobo as hf hejuft jb toea h fat ihf ma of hf T sthta. Ob strofg  afls  afls wotc tca `attar ‐s―, ot os spaioboal hs toea, jtcarwosa ot os spaioboal of soeu`htjr toiks. \ca fats tcht

axiaal tca h``jwal toea of tca T sthta hra rapjrtal r apjrtal of h taxt bo`a (saa -btfZrapjrt).

Labhu`t4 8>>fs

-hvarhgaZipbZjutputZbo`a bo`aZfhea Wrotas jut I^B ijfstrhofts tcht ihptura Eu`to Yupp`y Rj`thga (EYR) hfl ^jwar Ycut-Jbb (^YJ) lasogf oftaft. _ju ihf tcaf usa tcasa ijfstrhofts i jfstrhofts of jtcar tjj`s ℭ suic hs Ihlafia‟s ]\@ Ijepo`ar  . \ca rasu`tofg bo`a os of HYIOO bjreht, tcarabjra, yju ihf hll tj jr ejloby tca gafarhtal I^B ijeehfls. \ca ijeehfls hra fjt axpaital tj ihptura jb h`` tca ofbjrehtojf raquoral tj syftcasoza tca lasogf. Bjr latho`s, saa Qsofg h I^B Jutput B`jw (Math) of tca ^jwarHrtost Qsar Guola. H`ohs4 -ipbZjutZbo`a -hvarhgaZcte`ZrapjrtZtot`a bo`aZfhea Gafarhtas hf C\E@ rapjrt bo`a wotc tca spaioboal fhea. My labhu`t, fj C\E@ bo`a os prjluial. -hvarhgaZrasu`tsZbo`a bo`aZfhea \cos os jf`y usal tj irahta pjwar p jwar lobbarafia rapjrts. Ob yju hra fjt gafarhtofg tcae, lj fjt usa tcos jptojf. ^jwar hfh`ysos lhth os fjw stjral of tca pjwar lhthmhsa. H`ohs4 -j -ihphiothfiaZbo`a bo`aZfhea ]ahls tca spaioboal bo`a hs h mhik-hffjthtal oftar-ejlu`a wora ihphiothfia bo`a.   Ihphiothfia Bo`a Bjreht bjr ejra ofbjrehtojf. Yaa Labhu`t4 (fjfa) H`ohs4 -i -icaikZsyf`omZsaehftois trua | bh`sa ^arbjres saehftoi icaiks jf spaioboal @omarty bo`as. Labhu`t4 bh`sa -ijephraZwotcZrasu`tsZbo`a bo`aZfhea ]ahls tca spaioboal rasu`t bo`a gafarhtal usofg tca -hvarhgaZrasu`tsZbo`a -h varhgaZrasu`tsZbo`a jptojf hfl profts h rapjrt saitojf scjwofg tca lobbarafia of pjwar matwaaf tca rasu`t bo`a hfl tca iurraft astoehtojf. Labhu`t4 (fjfa) H`ohs4 -lobb

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    9<

Ih`iu`hta^jwar 

-ijuftZg`oticasZhsZtjgg`as trua | bh`sa Of hvarhga ejla, ijufts zarj-lurhtojf g`oticas hs tjgg`as. Labhu`t4 bh`sa -irotoih`Zeasshgas ti`Z`ostZeasshgaZols Ypaioboas Ypaiobo as h `ost jb easshga OLs tj ma b`hggal hs irotoih`. Ob ^jwarHrtost afijuftars tcasa easshga fuemars, tcay hra cogc`ogctal hs irotoih` ir otoih` of tca bofh` easshga

sueehry. Fjta tcht wcaf yju spaioby h easshga OL `ost, ot wo`` jvarwrota tca sueehry. iurraft `ost jb irotoih` easshgas ofi`ulofg tca labhu`t `ost latareofal my Hphica. Ob yju whft tj ehofthof tca labhu`t `ost hfl soep`y hll tj ot, yju eust ofi`ula tca easshga OLs tcht hra ijfsolaral irotoih` my labhu`t. Labhu`t4 8978 8? 89< =>3? =383 =31? 9998 999= 99? 3187 H`ohs4 -irotoih`Zesgs -iurraftZjutputZbo`a bo`aZfhea Wrotas jut tca hvarhga iurraft par ofsthfia tj h bo`a fheal iurraftZjutput.ti` (my labhu`t). -lamugZofsthfiasZbo`a bo`aZfhea Ya`aitova`y afhm`as lamug easshgas bjr ofsthfias spaioboal of tca govaf bo`a. \ca bjreht jb tca lamug bo`a os hs bj``jws4 lamugZswoticas bu``Zcoarhricoih`Z`ahbZ`ava`ZofsthfiaZfhea8 bu``Zcoarhricoih`Z`ahbZ`ava`ZofsthfiaZfhea= -x

...

-loshm`aZg`oticZprjphghtojf trua | bh`sa Loshm`as la`th (g`otic) prjphghtojf. Labhu`t4 bh`sa H`ohs4 -g -afchfialZvil trua | bh`sa

]ahls tca OHB bo`a hs hf Afchfial RIL bjreht bo`a. Yaa Hiquorofg Yoeu`htojf Lhth of tca ^jwarHrtost Qsar Guola bjr ejra ofbjrehtojf hmjut OHB hfl Afchfial RIL. Fjta tcht yju scju`l try tj usa BYLM bo`as ofstahl jb Afchfial RIL. BYLM bo`as hra ejra ijeprassal hfl prjiass bhstar. Labhu`t4 bh`sa H`ohs4 -vila -ati`Zbo`a bo`aZfhea Ypaioboas Ypaiobo as tca fhea jb bofh` A\I@ bo`a“bjr usa of Ijj`\oea“tj ma gafarhtal my tca toeaZmhsal afgofa. Fjta tcht yju eust spaioby tca -hfh`ysosZtypa toeaZmhsal jptojf wotc tcos jptojf. -bjrialZx > | 8 ]ap`hias S wotc h mofhry vh`ua jb 8 jr > wcaravar tcay jiiur wco`a rahlofg h RIL jr BYLM soeu`htojf trhia bo`a.

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    91

Ih`iu`hta^jwar 

-btfZrapjrtZbo`a bo`aZfhea Ypaioboas h fhea bjr tca rapjrt ijfthofofg fheas jb tca B`jhtofg \ro-sthta Fat Fats s (B\F). Labhu`t4 (fjfa) H`ohs4 -btfZrapjrt -cahrtmaht strofg 

^rofts prjgrass ofbjrehtojf lurofg GHB bo`a irahtojf. \ca spaioboal strofg os thkaf hs tca toea matwaaf aeottofg prjgrass easshgas. Ob strofg  afls  afls wotc tca `attar ‐s―, ot os spaioboal hs h brhitojf jb soeu`htojf saijfls; jtcarwosa ot os ijfsolaral tj ma soeu`htojf toiks. Bjr axhep`a, ob tca toea sih`a bjr yjur soeu`htojf rasu`ts os 8> fs. Ypaiobyofg ‐cahrtmaht 8― wo`` proft h prjgrass easshga avary 8> fs jb soeu`htojf toea. Ob yju spaioby ‐-cahrtmaht =>fs―, yju wo`` gat h cahrtmaht easshga hpprjxoehta`y avary => fs jb soeu`htojf toea. \ca gafarhtal easshga os soeo`hr tj tca bj``jwofg4 Fjta =>324 Yoeu`htojf toea os fjw xxx (yyy soeu`htjr toiks).

\ca soeu`htojf toea of tca easshgas os hpprjxoehta tj tca cahrtmaht maihusa yju eust chva soeu`htojf sogfh` ichfga rasu`ts of yjur hitovoty bo`a tcht jiiur hpprjxoehta`y avary cahrtmaht. Labhu`t4 (fjfa) -cte`ZrapjrtZloraitjry lorZfhea Ypaioboas Ypaiobo as h ij``aitojf loraitjry tcht h``jws bjr tca jrghfozhtojf jb C\E@ rapjrts brje vhrojus axaiutojfs jr lasogfs, oftj h sofg`a C\E@ phga. _ju _ju ihf ij``ait h`` C\E@ rapjrts of h iaftrh` `jihtojf. \cos jptojf wrotas C\E@ bo`as oftj tca spaioboal loraitjry.. \ca tjp-`ava` bo`a os fheal oflax.cte`. \cos jptojf eust ma usal wotc tca loraitjry -hvarhgaZcte`ZrapjrtZtot`a hrgueaft. Labhu`t4 (fjfa) -ogfjraZY^ABZIZijeeafts trua | bh`sa Ogfjras ‐I-sty`a― ijeeafts of tca Y^AB bo`a. Labhu`t4 bh`sa -ogfjraZtjgg`asZtcrjugcZx trua | bh`sa Ogfjras trhfsotojfs tj tca S sthta lurofg tjgg`a ih`iu`htojfs. Labhu`t4 bh`sa H`ohs4 -ox -ofsthfiaZpjwarZtcrascj`l b`jht A`oeofhtas ofsthfias wotc `ass tchf b`jht  pariafthga  pariafthga jb tca tjth` pjwar brje tca pjwar rapjrt. H`ohs4 -a

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    92

Ih`iu`hta^jwar 

-oftarpratZpofZihpsZhs eof | ehx | hvg Ofstruits ^jwarHrtost tj usa tca rosaZihphiothfiaZrhfga hfl bh``ZihphiothfiaZrhfga httromutas tj ih`iu`hta pof ihphiothfias. \ca hituh` pof ihphiothfia vh`uas hra ih`iu`htal of tca bj``jwofg ehffar4 

eof4 pof ihphiothfia 5 (EofZrosa + EofZbh``) / =



ehx4 pof ihphiothfia 5 (EhxZrosa + EhxZbh``) / =



hvg4 pof ihphiothfia 5 (EofZrosa + EhxZrosa + EofZbh`` + EhxZbh``) / <

Bjr ejra ofbjrehtojf jf cjw pof ihphiothfia os ih`iu`htal, saa Astoehtofg ^of Ihphiothfia. H`ohs4 -pofZihps -`omrhryZlabhu`tsZbo`a bo`aZfhea Ypaioboas tca Yaquafia @omrhry Labhu`ts (Y@L) bo`a. H`ohs4 -s`l -`jhlZbo`a bo`aZfhea ]ahls tca spaioboal mhik-hffjthtal `jhl ihphiothfia bo`a. Yaa Ihphiothfia Bo`a Bjreht  bjr  bjr ejra ofbjrehtojf. \cos bo`a ijfthofs tca fheas jb tca proehry jutputs jb

yjur lasogf. Labhu`t4 (fjfa) H`ohs4 -` -ehxZi`jikZlaptc oft @oeots bjrwhrl i`jik-trhiofg laptc tj tca fuemar spaioboal. ^ravafts axiassova toea spaft of bjrwhrl trhiofg. Labhu`t4 -ehxoeueZfuemarZjbZarrjrs oft Ehxoeue fuemar jb arrjrs tj ma proftal bjr hfy govaf easshga. Labhu`t4 1> -ehxZtoeaZstheps oft Ypaioboas tca ehxoeue fuemar fuemar jb toea stheps proftal of tca rapjrt bjr ahic ofsthfia jr i`hss jb ofsthfias labofal my tca EjfotjrOfsthfias EjfotjrOfsthfias ijeehfl.  ijeehfl. \ca toea stheps ijrraspjfl tj tca toeas wcaf tca pjwar whs tca cogcast bjr tcjsa ofsthfias. Labhu`t4 8> -eu`top`aZ`oiafsaZbo`as trua | bh`sa  H``jws ^jwarHrtost `oiafsas `oiafsas tj ma sarval my eu`top`a eu`top`a `oiafsas. Labhu`t4 bh`sa -fjZehxoeueZarrjrZ`ost easshgaZfue8 easshgaZfue= ... ]aejvas hfy `oeot jf tca fuemar jb easshgas tcht ihf ma proftal. Qsa tcos

jptojf sphrofg`y.

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    97

Ih`iu`hta^jwar 

-fjZejlu`aZfatZihphiothfias trua | bh`sa Loshm`as astoehtojf jb oftar/oftrh-ejlu`a fat ihphiothfias. Labhu`t4 bh`sa H`ohs4 -f -fjZs`awZih`iu`htojf trua | bh`sa  Hf oftarfh` s`aw ih`iu`htjr os afhm`al my labhu`t of of h`` pjwar afgofas jb

^jwarHrtost. \ca -fjs`awih`i jptojf loshm`as tcos s`aw ih`iu`htjr. Labhu`t4 bh`sa H`ohs4 -fjs`awih`i -jutputZiurraft trua | bh`sa Wrotas jut iurraft ofbjrehtojf tj tca whvabjre bo`as ofstahl jb pjwar fuemars. _ju eogct whft tj us usa a tcos bahtura, bjr axhep`a, ob yju wara `jjkofg bjr lo/lt ichfgas bjr vj`thga lrjp hfh`ysos. Labhu`t4 bh`sa -pahkZiyi`aZbo`a bo`aZfhea Gafarhtas hf jutput bo`a tcht ijfthofs tca ijeehfls tcht A`hmjrhta faals tj gafarhta tca ati` (.ati`) bo`a. Hf ati` bo`a shvas tca proehry ofputs hfl ragostar sthta ofbjrehtojf bjr h govaf pjoft of toea. Ot ihf ma usal my Ijj`\oea wcaf ih`iu`htofg lyfheoi vj`thga lrjp hfh`ysos. Ob tca ‐-pahkZiyi`aZprjiassofgZejla― jptojf os sat tj ‐hutj―, tcaf tcos bo`a wo`` ijfthof tca stulojZsthtaZsatupZtoeaZmhsal  bjr gafarhtofg hf ati` bo`a; ijeehfl, hfl os phssal jf tj Ih`iu`hta^jwar  bjr jtcarwosa, tca bo`a wo`` ijfthof pahk pjwar ofbjrehtojf bjr ahic i`jik iyi`a. -pahkZiyi`aZprjiassofgZejla hutj | oftarhitova Ya`aits tca prjiassofg ejla bjr gafarhtofg hf ati` bo`a. Ya`aits tca prjiassofg ejla bjr gafarhtofg hf ati` bo`a. 

hutj4 tca toea-mhsal afgofa wo`` hutjehtoih``y latareofa tca i`jik iyi`a wotc tca cogcast pjwar hfl wo`` ruf Ih`iu`hta^jwar wotc tca ijrrait jptojfs tj gafarhta tca jiiurs raquoral eu`top`a iyi`as chva tca shea pjwar, tcaf tca borst jfa tcht of ati` toeabo`a. wo``Obma sa`aital.



oftarhitova4 tca GQO wo`` gafarhta h pahk iyi`a bo`a. Wcaf pjwar hfh`ysos ijep`atas, yju wo`` ma thkaf tj hfjtcar GQO phga tcht h``jws yju tj oftarhitova`y sihf tca pjwar jf ahic i`jik iyi`a hfl icjjsa tca iyi`a jb oftarast. Jfia yju ijep`ata tcos stap, ^jwarHrtost gafarhtas tca raquoral ati` bo`a.

Labhu`t4 hutj

-rasatZ`omrhryZfaghtovaZpjwar trua | bh`sa Jf hf hri-my-hri mhsos, hbtar tca pjwar ijeputhtojf bjr hf hri os ljfa, ob ots pjwar os `ass tchf >, tcos jptojf sats ot tj >. Labhu`t4 bh`sa

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    93

Ih`iu`hta^jwar 

-rasatZfaghtovaZpjwar trua | bh`sa Yats tca pjwar vh`ua tj > bjr h`` ofsthfias wotc h faghtova pjwar vh`ua. Labhu`t4 bh`sa -sthtoisZtcrascj`l b`jht Ypaioboas Ypaiob oas tcht ^jwarHrtost ejfotjr jf`y sthtoi vaitjrs wotc pjwar grahtar tchf tca spaioboal pariafthga. Bjr ]\@ lasogfs wotc cuga fuemars jb ofsthftohtal ghtas,

usofg tcos jptojf wo`` oeprjva mjtc tca ruf toea hfl eaejry ushga. R Rh`uas h`uas jb 1 tj => pariaft hra usuh`, > tj 1> pariaft os h``jwal. Labhu`t4 > -stoeu`usZprjiassofgZphssas oftagar  ]ufs GHB irahtojf saroh``y of oftagar phssas tj trhla jbb tca eaejry bjjtproft bjr ruf toea. \ca cogcar tca oftagar vh`ua prjvolal, tca `jfgar tca ruf toea hfl seh``ar tca eaejry bjjtproft. \cos jf`y faalal bjr vary `hrga ghta-`ava` lasogfs. ]hfga4 = tj 8> H`ohs4 -sp`ot -toeaZmhsalZipbZjutputZbo`a bo`aZfhea Wrotas jut I^B ijfstrhofts tcht ihptura Eu`to Yupp`y Rj`thga (EYR) hfl ^jwar Ycut-Jbb (^YJ) lasogf oftaft. _ju ihf tcaf usa tcasa ijfstrhofts i jfstrhofts of jtcar tjj`s ℭ suic hs Ihlafia‟s ]\@ Ijepo`ar  . \ca rasu`tofg bo`a os of HYIOO bjreht, tcarabjra, yju ihf hll tj jr ejloby tca gafarhtal I^B ijeehfls. \ca ijeehfls hra fjt axpaital tj ihptura jb h`` tca ofbjrehtojf raquoral tj syftcasoza tca lasogf. Bjr latho`s, saa Qsofg h I^B Jutput B`jw (Math) of tca ^jwarHrtost Qsar Guola. H`ohs4 -ipbZjutZbo`a -uf`oeotZoftarvh`Zsoza trua | bh`sa  H``jws yju tj spaioby hf oftarvh` soza seh``ar tch tchf f 8fs bjr toea-mhsal pjwar hfh`ysos. \cos scju`l jf`y ma usal bjr ghta-`ava` hfh`ysos. Labhu`t4 bh`sa -usaZfjfZsihfZb`jps trua | bh`sa Lurofg pjwar hfh`ysos, ^jwarHrtost sahricas tca `omrhry bjr fjf sihf b`op-b`jp labofotojfs bjr usa hs labhu`t ia``s. Labhu`t4 bh`sa -vj`thga b`jht Yats lasogf vj`thga tj tca spaioboal vh`ua. \cos jptojf os jmsj`ata. Qsa tca IrahtaRortuh`Yupp`y IrahtaRortuh`Yupp`y scju`l  scju`l ma usal ofstahl. Labhu`t4 (fjfa) H`ohs4 -v -wora`jhlZ`omrhry `omZfhea

Ypaioboas tca `jgoih` @omarty `omrhry fhea of wcoic h pjwar hfh`yzar wo`` sahric bjr Ypaioboas wora `jhl ejla`s. \cos os usabu` wcaf rahlofg of eu`top`a `omrhroas tcht iju`l ijfthof wora `jhl ejla`s. \cos jptojf os jmsj`ata. Qsa tca YatWora@jhlEjla` YatWora@jhlEjla`   ijeehfl ofstahl.

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    9?

Ijepo`aBo`a

Ijepo`aBo`a \cos ijeehfl labofas cjw tj ijepo`a ahic jb tca sjuria bo`as of yjur lasogf. \cos os ejst jbtaf usal of ijfdufitojf wotc tca Hll@omrhry tca Hll@omrhry ijeehfl  ijeehfl bjr RCL@ jr eoxal RCL@ hfl Raro`jg lasogfs. \ca Ijepo`aBo`a ijeehfl eust ijea mabjra tca A`hmjrhta ijeehfl. Yyfthx

Ijepo`aBo`a -typa (varo`jg | vcl`) -bo`a pcysoih`Zbo`aZfhea  [-sv trua | bh`saU [-37 trua | bh`saU [-?9 trua | bh`saU [-?1 trua | bh`saU [-=>>8 trua | bh`saU [-`omrhry `omrhryZfheaU Jptojfs

-typa varo`jg | vcl` Ypaioby Ypaiob y aotcar Raro`jg jr RCL@. Ob yju lj fjt supp`y tcos jptojf, RCL@ wo`` ma hssueal. -bo`a pcysoih`Zbo`aZfhea Ypaioboas Ypaiobo as tca `jihtojf jf losk jb tca sjuria bo`a. -sv trua | bh`sa Ypaioboas wcatcar jr fjt tca bo`a scju`l s cju`l ma ijepo`al hs Yystae Raro`jg bo`a. Ob spaioboal, tcos jptojf jvarrolas tca -?9 yas jr -=>>8 yas jptojfs. -37 trua | bh`sa Ypaioboas wcatcar jr fjt tca bo`a scju`l ma ijepo`al hs RCL@ 37. Labhu`t4 bh`sa“bo`a os axpaital tj ma RCL@ ?9 ijep`ohft. i jep`ohft. -?9 trua | bh`sa Ypaioboas wcatcar jr fjt tca bo`a scju`l ma ijepo`al hs RCL@ ?9. Labhu`t4 trua -?1 trua | bh`sa Ypaioboas wcatcar jr fjt tca bo`a scju`l s cju`l ma ijepo`al hs Raro`jg ?1. Labhu`t4 trua -=>>8 trua | bh`sa Ypaioboas wcatcar jr fjt tca bo`a scju`l ma ijepo`al hs Raro` Raro`jg jg =>>8. Labhu`t4 bh`sa“bo`a os axpaital tj ma Raro`jg ?1 ijep`ohft. -`omrhry `omrhryZfhea Ypaioboas tca fhea jb aotcar h `jgoih` jr h pcysoih` `omrhry fhea bjr RCL@ jf`y (fjt usal wotc Raro`jg). \cos boa`l os raquoral bjr RCL@. Ob ot os h pcysoih` `omrhry `omrhry,, tcaf yju eust chva supp`oal tca Hll@omrhry ijeehfl tj prjvola tca `jgoih` `omrhry fhea. Ob yju lj fjt supp`y h -`omrhry jptojf, tca fhea ‐WJ]K― wo`` ma

hssueal.

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`   

IpbOfi`ulaBo`a

Axhep`a 8

Ijepo`aBo`a -typa vcl` -bo`a /oep/prjd8/eybo`a.vcl -`omrhry @OMZE_@OM \cos ijepo`as eybo`a.vcl oftj `jgoih` `omrhry @OMZE_@OM hs h RCL@ -?9 bo`a. Axhep`a =

Ijepo`aBo`a -bo`a tjp.v -typa varo`jg -sv trua \cos ijepo`as bo`a tjp.v hs h Yystae Raro`jg =>>1 bo`a. Axhep`a =

Ijepo`aBo`a -typa vcl` -bo`a /oep/prjd8/bo`a=.vcl -37 trua -`omrhry ./wwZ`omZey`om \cos ijepo`as bo`a= oftj @OMZE_@OM, hssueofg tca tca Hll@omrhry  Hll@omrhry ijeehfl  ijeehfl axhep`a hs h RCL@ 37 bo`a.

Ob yju hra usofg tca wwvekr uto`oty hfl ptIjepo`aYiropt tj gafarhta tca ptYjuriaBo`as.ti` bo`a, yju wo`` saa tcht4 

Ehfy Hll@omrhry ijeehfls rajiiur tcrjugcjut tca bo`a



\ca -37 jptojf ehy rajiiur 

\cos os fjt h prjm`ae. Ob ot os ejra ijfvafoaft bjr yju tj lup`oihta tcasa lua tj hf hutjehtoi prjiass yju ehy ma ljofg, baa` braa tj lj sj. Dust ehka sura tcht labofotojfs lj fjt ichfga.

IpbOfi`ulaBo`a \cos ijeehfl h``jws yju tj phss of h I^B bo`a fhea tcht os raquoral tj ma sjurial of tca ^jwarHrtost gafarhtal I^B bo`a. Hs hf axhep`a, yju ihf usa tcos bufitojfh`oty tj spaioby h I^B bo`a chvofg `omrhry-ra`htal labofa ijeehfls. \cos bo`a fhea os tcaf hllal tj h \i` \i` ‐sjuria― ijeehfl hfl p`hial dust mabjra tca satZlasogf ijeehfl jb tca tjp-`ava` ejlu`a of tca rasu`tofg I^B jutput bo`a. Yyfthx

IpbOfi`ulaBo`a -fhea bo`aZfhea Axhep`a

IpbOfi`ulaBo`a -fhea `omrhryLab.ipb Govaf tcos ijeehfl, ^jwarHrtost wo`` gafarhta tca bj``jwofg I^B ijeehfl dust mabjra tca satZlasogf ijeehfl4 sjuria `omrhryLab.ipb

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    -ofsthfia {tjp tjp.o8} -vortuh`Zsupp`y -vortuh`Zsupp`y {RLL RLLFYW RLLIYW} # \ca ljehof fhea wo`` ma ^L8 IrahtaLjehof -fhea ^L8 -ofsthfia {tjp.o=} -vortuh`Zsupp`y {RLL RLLFYW RLLIYW}

\casa axhep`as scjw cjw yju ihf irahta ljehofs wotc lobbaraft fheas.

IrahtaGrhpc \cos ijeehfl gafarhtas h grhpc jb lhth ra`htal tj i`jik ghtofg jppjrtufotoas. Ot ca`ps yju latareofa tca vh`ua tj ma usal us al bjr tca -iueu`htovaZshvofgs hrgueaft tj tca WrotaI`jikGhtofgIjfstrhofts WrotaI`jikGhtofgIjfstrhofts ijeehfl.  ijeehfl. Yyfthx

IrahtaGrhpc -grhpcZi`hss i`jik [-grhpcZjutputZbo`a bo`aZfheaU  -pjwarZlmZfhea bo`aZfhea [-grhpcZ`jg bo`aZfheaU [-grhpcZtypa pjwarZshvofgsU Hrgueafts

-grhpcZi`hss i`jik Ypaioboas Ypaiobo as tca typa jb raluitojf lhth tcht scju`l ma axheofal bjr p`jttofg. Iurraft`y,, tcos ijeehfl jf`y suppjrts tca ‐i`jik― v Iurraft`y vh`ua. h`ua. \cos wo`` gafarhta grhpc lhth ra`htal tj i`jik ghtofg jppjrtufotoas. \cos hrgueaft os raquoral. -grhpcZjutputZbo`a bo`aZfhea

Ypaioboas tca ^\I@ bo`a fhea ijfthofofg grhpc lhth. Ob yju ljf‟t spaioby tcos jptojf, tca ^\I@ os jutput tj tca `jg bo`a, wcoic my labhu`t os fheal IrahtaGrhpc.`jg. -pjwarZlmZfhea bo`aZfhea Ypaioboas tca fhea jb tca pjwar lhthmhsa (.plm) bo`a tcht ijfthofs tca raluitojf lhth tj ma usal tj gafarhta tca grhpcs. \cos hrgueaft os raquoral. H`ohs4 -plm -grhpcZ`jg bo`aZfhea Ypaioboas Ypaiobo as tca `jg bo`a fhea ijfthofofg hfy easshgas gafarhtal my tcos ijeehfl. Labhu`t4 IrahtaGrhpc.`jg -grhpcZtypa Ypaioboas tcapjwarZshvofgs bjre jb tca grhpc tj ma gafarhtal. Iurraft`y Iurraft`y,, tca grhpc typa suppjrts jf`y ‐pjwarZshvofgs―. \cos gafarhtas h iueu`htova pjwar shvofgs iurva hs h bufitojf jb tca fuemar jb ]\@ raluitojf jppjrtufotoas.

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    , wcoic os tca shea hs 8>>>eR. 8>>>eR. \cara ihf ma fj sphia matwaaf tca fuemar hfl tca ufot. -jf ijflotojf

Ypaioboas Ypaiob oas tcht tcos vortuh` supp`y wo`` ma usal bjr h pjwar ljehof. \ca ijflotojf os h ljum`a qujtal strofg tcht raprasafts hfy `agh` mjj`ahf ijflotojf of tca thrgat `hfguhga. Wcaf tcos ijflotojf avh`uhtas tj \]QA, tca vortuh` supp`y os axpaital tj ma jf, ihusofg mjtc sthtoi hfl lyfheoi pjwar pjwar.. Wcaf tca ijflotojf avh`uhtas tj

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    . Jptojfh``y, tca ijflotojf strofg ihf ma h ijfsthft > (BH@YA) jr h ijfsthft 8 (\]QA). \cos typa jb axprassojf raquoras fj ruf toea avh`uhtojf hfl EQY\ ma usal lurofg ]\@ vaitjr`ass hfh`ysos tj sat tca pjwar ljehof oftj h phrtoiu`hr sthta bjr tca hfh`ysos. -labhu`t jf | jbb Ypaioboas Ypaiobo as tca sthta jb tca ehof pjwar fat jb tca ljehof (hfl tcus tca sthta jb tca ljehof) of tca labhu`t pjwar ejla of I^B. Labhu`t4 jf Axhep`a 8 IrahtaRortuh`Yupp`y IrahtaRortuh`Y upp`y -supp`y RLL -vortuh`Zsupp`y RLLYW IrahtaRortuh`Yupp`y IrahtaRortuh`Y upp`y -supp`y stlia``8.RLLI -vortuh`Zsupp`y RLLIYW -vj`thga 8.8R IrahtaRortuh`Yupp`y IrahtaRortuh`Y upp`y -supp`y RLL -vortuh`Zsupp`y RLLYW8 -jf "H&M"

Of tcos axhep`a, RLL chs twj vortuh` supp`oas irahtal bjr ot4 RLLYW hfl RLLYW8. \ca supp`y RLLI bjufl of `omrhry stlia``8 chs h vortuh` supp`y RLLIYW hfl ots astoehtojf vj`thga os sat tj 8.8R. Ob tca labhu`t astoehtojf vj`thga spaioboal my tca `omrhry os fjt 8.8R 8.8R,, tcaf larhtofg wo`` jiiur lurofg pjwar hfh`ysos. Of hllotojf, tca vortuh` supp`y RLLYW8 wo`` ma hssjiohtal wotc h pjwar ghtofg hpp`oihtojf. Wcafavar tca sogfh`s H hfl M hra mjtc trua lurofg h soeu`htojf ruf, tca pjwar ljehof hssjiohtal wotc tcos supp`y wo`` ma hssueal tj ma hitova; jtcarwosa, ot os hssueal tj ma of sthfl-my ejla. Axhep`a = IrahtaRortuh`Yupp`y IrahtaRortuh`Y upp`y -supp`y vll -vortuh`Zsupp`y RLLZtyp -jf !s`aap -labhu`t jbb IrahtaRortuh`Yupp`y IrahtaRortuh`Y upp`y -supp`y RLL -vortuh`Zsupp`y RLLYW -labhu`t jf

\cos axhep`a scjws tca usa jb tca -labhu`t swotic tcht spaioboas tca labhu`t sthta jb tca vortuh` supp`y supp`y.. Axhep`a 9 IrahtaRortuh`Yupp`y IrahtaRortuh`Y upp`y -vortuh`Zsupp`y RY8 -jf 8 -vj`thga 8.2 -pgZtypa "proehryZpjwar"

\ca vortuh` supp`y RY8 os jf h`` tca toea hfl wo`` ma astoehta wotc h 8.2R vj`thga. Ob fj pgZtypa httromutas axosts of tca taicfj`jgy `omrhry `omrhry,, tcaf h`` supp`oas wo`` ma ehppal tj RY8. Jtcarwosa, tca pofs thggal wotc pgZtypa 4 proehryZpjwar wo`` ma usal tj `jihta tca supp`oas.

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    . Axhep`a 8

LabofaGrjup tjp tjp \cos axhep`a irahtas h grjup fheal tjp tcht ijfthofs hf ofsthfia fheal tjp. Axhep`a =

LabofaGrjup eaejry tjp.r8.e8 \cos axhep`a irahtas h grjup fheal eaejry tcht ijfthofs hf ofsthfia fheal tjp.r8.e8. Axhep`a 9

LabofaGrjup ichffa`s {tjp.r8 tjp.t8} \cos axhep`a irahtas h grjup fheal ichffa`s tcht ijfthofs ofsthfias tjp.r8 hfl tjp.t8.

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    \cos axhep`a irahtas h grjup fheal tjpZfhea tcht wo`` ofi`ula tca h`` fats of tca aftora coarhricy sthrtofg brje ofsthfia 'tjp'. \ca abbait jb tcos ijeehfl os tca shea hs tca 'LabofaGrjup tjpZfhea {tjp}' ijeehfl. Axhep`a 7

LabofaGrjup tjpZfhea {tjp} -`ava`s 8 \cos axhep`a irahtas h grjup fheal tjpZfhea tcht wo`` ofi`ula jf`y fats tcht hra phrt jb tca coarhricoih` ofsthfia 'tjp'. Axhep`a 3

LabofaGrjup tjpZfhea {tjp} -`ava`s = \cos axhep`a irahtas h grjup fheal tjpZfhea tcht ofi`ulas h`` fats hfl ico`l ofsthfias jb ofsthfia 'tjp'.

LabofaCh`bEaeYih`ofgBhitjr  Wjrls ^jwarMjt  ^jwarMjt tj parbjre eaejry \cos ijeehfl os usal my tca Yp`ot Eaejry Wjrls sp`ottofg lurofg pjwar raluitojf hfh`ysos. _ _ju ju ihf usa tcos ijeehfl tj labofa tca phrheatars bjr ih`iu`htofg tca pjwar jb ch`b-soza eaejroas. Ob yjur @omarty bo`as ijfthof ch`b-soza eaejroas, tcaf tcos ijeehfl wo`` fjt ma hpp`oal. Ob ot ljas fjt, raluitojf wo`` ih`iu`hta tca lyfheoi/sthtoi pjwar jb ch`b-soza eaejroas mhsal jf tca sih`ofg bhitjrs yju spaioby wotc tcos ijeehfl. \cos ^jwarMjt ih`iu`htas tca pjwar my thkofg tca pjwar fuemars ih`iu`htal brje tca bu``-soza eaejry hfl eu`top`yofg tcae my tca spaioboal sih`ofg bhitjrs.

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`    hfl 8. Labhu`t4 >.7 -sthtoiZsih`aZbhitjr sthtoiZbhitjrZb`jht Ypaioboas Ypaiobo as h sih`ofg bhitjr bjr ijeputofg tca sthtoi pjwar jb ch`b-soza eaejroas jb tca spaioboal jrogofh` soza (-eaeZsoza) hfl tca spaioboal typa (-eaeZtypa). _ju ihf spaioby hfy b`jhtofg pjoft vh`ua matwaaf > hfl 8. Labhu`t4 >.7 -hrahZpafh`tyZbhitjr hrahZbhitjr  Ypaioboas Ypaiob oas hf hrah pafh`ty bhitjr tcht wo`` ma usal tj ijeputa tca hrah pafh`ty (bjr ofsthfias hfl fats) jb ioriuotry oftrjluial bjr ch`b-soza eaejroas jb tca spaioboal jrogofh` soza (-eaeZsoza) hfl tca spaioboal typa (-eaeZtypa). _ju ihf spaioby hfy b`jhtofg pjoft vh`ua matwaaf > hfl 8. Labhu`t4 >.7 -eaeZtypa ]HE | ]JE Ypaioboas tca typa jb tca jrogofh` eaejry tcht os tj ma sp`ot. Ob fjt spaioboal, tca phrheatars sat of tcos ijeehfl hra hpp`oal tj h`` typas jb eaejroas. -eaeZsoza wjrlZxZwoltc

\cos spaioboas jb jrogofh` eaejry tcht os tj tj eaejroas ma sp`ot. Ob jb fjth``spaioboal, phrheatars satsoza of tcos ijeehfl hra hpp`oal sozas. tca Axhep`a

LabofaCh`bEaeYih`ofgBhitjr -lyfheoiZsih`aZbhitjr >.1 -sthtoiZsih`aZbhitjr >.1 -hrahZpafh`tyZbhitjr >.1 -eaeZtypa ]HE \cos axhep`a sats tca sih`ofg bhitjr bjr lyfheoi pjwar hfl sthtoi pjwar jb ch`b-soza eaejroas jb typa ]HE tj >.1. Ot h`sj sats tca hrah h rah pafh`ty bjr ch`b-soza eaejroas jb typa ]HE tj >.1.

Labofa@omH`ohs \cos ijeehfl labofas h`ohsas bjr `omrhroas usal bjr RCL@ jr eoxal RCL@ hfl Raro`jg lasogfs. _ju _ju eust spaioby tcos ijeehfl mabjra tca hssjiohtal Ijepo`aBo`a Ijepo`aBo`a   hfl A`hmjrhta A`hmjrhta ijeehfls.  ijeehfls. Govaf twj `omrhry fheas (`omZfhea8 hfl `omZfhea=), tcos ijeehfl wo`` lasogfhta tcht mjtc fheas rabar tj tca shea lasogf `omrhry. Hfy lasogf

 Hphic  Hph ica a La Laso sogf gf,, Of Ofi. i.  

ICH^\A] 9 “ Ijeehfl ]abarafia

^jwarHrtostℭ ]abarafia Ehfuh`