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Project Integration 100 Practice Questions 1. Which of the following document has a reference of organization’s strategic vision, goals, and objectives? A. B. C. D.

Business need Business case Project scope statement Project statement of work

Answer: D Explanation: The strategic plan documents the organization’s strategic vision, goals, and objectives including a high-level mission statement. The strategic plan has a reference in the statement of work (SOW). Business need (choice A) may be based on the organization’s business need, market demand, technological advance, legal requirement, environmental consideration, and government regulation. Typically business need and the cost-benefit analysis are contained in the business case (choice B).

2. Though you are managing a S 500,000,000 project for which the project charter was signed by four sponsors, you are facing problems of interferences from sponsors in your day to day work. Now the project cost variance is -5500, whereas it was positive cost variance a week before. Based on the information, what should the project manager do NEXT? A. B. C. D.

Start the next project phase Review project management plan Fast track the project Plan risk responses

Answer: B Explanation: In this situation the project is fairly doing well. None of the details show major problems. Even the cost variance of -$500 is small, considering the cost of the project. Which of the following should a project manager do when the project ¡s going well? Since the second phase of the project could generally not have started without closing out the first phase, choice A could not be best. There is no reason to believe that fast tracking is necessary (choice C) as the project is not delayed. Choice D should have already been done as part of the planning process group. This is old information that would have been known at that time. With everything going well on the project, the only choice that makes sense is to review the project management plan for the project with project team.

3. The activity needs more time since identified risk has occurred- There no enough reserve to accommodate the change. What the project manager should do next? A. B. C. D.

Use management reserve Issue change request Request the functional manager for assistance Inform sponsor

Answer: B Explanation: It is the project manager’s responsibility to manage the project scope within budget and contingency reserves to accommodate changes. In the given situation, the project manager has to FIRST request for extension of project schedule and addition effort to complete the work, which is approved in the change control board.

4.

The project manager is putting project control system in place. There are effective measures of progress that can be used in the project. What is the BEST thing the project can do to control the project? A. B. C. D.

Emphasis the creation of milestones Increase the frequency of the formal and informal meetings Break the project into phases Increase the strength of the people engaged in monitoring and controlling project work

Answer A Explanation: The question is ‘what are effective measures of progresr Completion of milestone means deliverable completed ‘done’, which are measured against quality metrics and acceptance criteria. If a milestone is completed on time and on budget, the project manager has some measure of the status of the project. Therefore choice A is correct? Adding more people (choice D) would increase cost. Since there is a less costly solution, this would not be the best choice. Many project managers make the mistake of just adding meetings (choice B), but there is usually a more effective and less costly use of time. Though phases (choice C) would help, these are usually larger pieces than milestones.

5. The project manager is managing a 6-month project having 500 project deliverables to be completed within approved budget of 5600,000 . As on date after 3-month it is reported that 250 deliverables have been completed and 5300,000 have been spent. Which of the following statement is correct? A. B. C. D.

The project is on time and within cost budget The project manager should review cost performance since schedule is under control There is no enough information The project manager should review quality since schedule and cost is in control

Answer C Explanation: Half the project scope is done and half the cost has been expendeth The answer is simple. Or is it? In fact, you do not know what the progress was against planned, so you cannot answer whether there is a schedule or cost variance. Generally cost baseline is S-curve and not always a straight line

6. In which process the project team assesses the performance to determine whether any corrective or preventive actions are indicated, and recommend those actions as necessary? A. B. C. D.

Control cost Perform quality assurance Control scope Monitor and control project work

Answer: D Explanation: During the monitor and control project work process, the work performance information received from control scope, schedule, cost, quality, communications, risks, procurement and stakeholder engagement processes including validate scope process are reviewed to assess the impact of variances on project objectives. The assessment and recommended corrective or preventive actions are documented in the work performance report that is communicated to the relevant project stakeholder& Work performance report is the output of the process Monitor and Control Project Work

7.

When the project is in progress, which of the following BEST describes what the project charter may be used for? A. B. C. D.

To help give reward to the project team To assess the effectiveness of the change control board To help determine whether to accept changes in the project scope To make sure project team develops network diagram

Answer C Explanation: One of the ways to check if a change should be approved is to determine whether the work falls within the project charter. If not, it should be rejected, assigned to a more appropriate project, or addressed as a project of its own. One of the responsibilities of the project manager is to maintain the integrity of the project charter.

8. A key influential project stakeholder wants to make a change to the work breakdown structure that does NOT affect the project schedule and budget. What is the BEST thing to do? A. B. C. D.

Tell stakeholder that WBS cannot be changed before revisiting project scope statement Make the change, since the stakeholder has high influence in the success of the project Consult management Look for impacts on competing constraints

Answer: D Explanation: Read the questions carefully. Don’t miss the impact of the words NOT and BEST in the question. Even though scope change may not directly affect the project schedule, which means that the proposed scope change may be in the non-critical path. You need to look at the impacts of scope change on other competing constraints (budget, quality, resources and risks). So the best choice is Option D

9. Which of the following is NOT a reason to measure variances from the baseline? A. B. C. D.

To catch deviations early To allow early corrective actions To identify new risks before they occur To create a process to detect variances

Answer: D Explanation: A baseline is a reference point to determine the degree of variances in project scope, schedule, cost, and quality in order to catch early deviations (Choice A), to allow for early corrective actions (Choice B), and to identify new risks before they occur (Choice C). The process to detect variances (Choice D) ¡s described ¡n the project management plan.

10. A project manager is assigned to a new, high priority project. There are only five resources available and other resources are already committed to other important projects- The time available to complete the project is less than half the time needed, and the project manager has failed to convince management to change the end date. The project manager should: A. Coordinate with team members the overtime necessary to complete the work. B. Provide the team with opportunities to do a great job on the work that can be accomplished. C. Negotiate for reprioritizing the work by deferring the work that cannot be completed in the time provided. D. Use more experienced resources to complete the work faster.

Answer: C Explanation: With limited resources you need to create a resource levelled or resource constrained schedule that will impact time constraints. In this situation, the project manager should first negotiate with the sponsor/customer to either reprioritize the work by deferring the low priority work that cannot be completed in the time allocated or provide additional resources and budget to crash project schedule. Choices A, B and D cannot solve the problem in hand.

11. It is important to re-baseline the project schedule carefully because: A. B. C. D.

Revisions require management approval Historical data will be lost for the project schedule Root-cause analysis must be performed Schedule recovery cannot be planned for activities delineated later in schedule

Answer B Explanation: Some schedule delays are so severe that re-base lining is needed to provide realistic data in which to measure performance. Re-base lining should be used as a last resort, and should be used with care because the historic data will be lost (Choice BL Re-base lining is done after performing root cause analysis (choice C) and obtaining approval from the component authority who may be the project sponsor or customer

11. As a result of comparing WBS to actual results, change requests may be issued for all the following EXCEPT: A. B. C. D.

Expand scope Reduce scope Adjust scope Define scope

Answer D Explanation: Comparing WBS to actual results is part of Control Scope process and NOT in the Define Scope process. Change requests to expand, reduce or adjust scope are one of the outputs of Control Scope process, which are approved in the Perform Integrated Change Control process.

12. A project manager receives the change request from the customer for additionalfunctions in the product. It is most important the project manager considers the impact on: A. B. C. D.

Competing constraints Successor deliverables Network diagram Communications management plan

Answer: A Explanation: This question talks about a change request in scope. It would be most important to look for impacts of scope change on competing constraints (project scope, time, cost, quality, risk, and resources). After that is completed, the impact to successor deliverables would be evaluated.

. 14. A project is running through the tough environment conditions The inflation is going up than considered in the planning. What is the MOST appropriate thing to do? A. B. C. D.

Reevaluate business case Recommend project termination Update project management plan Changing project control system

Answer: A Explanation: Although the project management plan may need to be updated (choice C), that does not address the problem presented. Recommending project termination (choice B) does not address the problem. Changing project control system (choice D) will not help with a problem that has already occurred. It is too late The first thing to do with such a severe problem is to see if the project charter is still valid, and whether the project can be done at all. This is choice A since project charter is based on the business case.

15. Projects are temporary endeavor because of all the following conditions except: A. B. C. D.

Project has definite end Project has specific goals and conditions Project teams that produce project deliverables are permanent staff Project products are created to last for a longer period

Answer: C Explanation: Project teams that produce project products, services or results are temporary, because the project teams are either disbanded or reassigned (option-C) after project formally closed or terminated. The term temporary does not apply to the project products, services or results, since project products are created to last for a longer period (option-D), Generally, the end date of the project is forecasted before the project begins or authorized (option-A) Projects have specific goals and conditions (option-B)

16. Project management is not defined as:

A. It is accomplished through the integration of forty seven logically grouped project management processes B. It is a discipline of planning, organizing, and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals C. It is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements. D. It is a discipline that is a subset of most engineering and other technical disciplines.

Answer: D Explanation: Project management is a discipline to manage project professionally and is Not a subset of engineering and other functional disciplines.

17. The project team manages the work of the projects, and the project management typically involves: A. Balancing the competing constraints that include quality, scope, time, risks, cost and resources. B. Integrating requirements of profitability, low cost, and legal responsibility. C. Implementation of software, hardware, and other systems to enhance organizational efficiency. D. Supporting human factors, communications, discipline, and performance management.

Answer A Explanation: Project management is a discipline of planning, organizing, and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives. Project management involves addressing the various needs, concerns, and expectations of the stakeholders as the project is progressively planned and executed and balancing the competing project constraints, those includes quality, scope, time, risks and cost etc.

18. To be an effective project manager he or she must have core competencies in the following areas except: A. B. C. D.

Interpersonal skills The project management body of knowledge General management knowledge Political philosophy

Answer: D Explanation: Expert project management requires that the project team understand and use knowledge and skills from at least five areas of expertise: The project management body of knowledge, Business knowledge, Application area knowledge, General management knowledge and Interpersonal skills Political philosphy (Choice D) is a branch of philosophy that is concerned with the concepts and arguments involved in political opinion, which is not a competency required to an effective project manager

19. Portfolio ¡s a collection of projects, programs and other ongoing work that are grouped together to facilitate effective management of that work to meet the organizational strategic business objectives. What the portfolio management is involved in? A. To manage, and control projects, and programs to achieve specific strategic business objectives. B. To manage project finances and take policy decisions C. To identify, prioritize, authorize, manage, and control projects, programs, and other related work,to achieve specific strategic business objectives. D. To identify, prioritize, authorize, manage, and control projects in order to optimally utilize organizational resources

Answer: C Explanation: Portfolio management as the centralized management of one or more portfolios, which involves identifying, prioritizing, authorizing, managing, and controlling projects, programs, and other related work to achieve specific business objectives.

20.Organizations performing projects may divide each project into phases. Collectively, project phases are known as the: A. B. C. D.

Project waterfall Project life cycle Product life stages Project life quality cycle

Answer B Explanation: Projects are divided into phases to better management control. Collectively the project phases are known as project life cycle.

21. All are true about subprojects EXCEPT: A. B. C. D.

Contracted to an external enterprise Not having definite start and finish dates Assigned to another functional unit Having distinct project life cycle

Your Answer is Correct Answer B Explanation: Subprojects are often contracted to an external enterprise or assigned to another functional unit in the performing organization. Subprojects are usually represented in the WBS. Subproject can be referred as a project (will have a distinct project life cycle), managed as a project

22. Organization system is a collection of subsystems integrated to accomplish an overall goal of the organization. Organizations that have departments or other subunits those operate as nonproject-based organizations with systems to support project. The absence of project-oriented systems usually makes: A. B. C. D.

The functional heads manage their portion of project The project managers mere expeditors The project management more difficult The senior management busy resolving conflicts

Answer: C Explanation: Systems have inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes, with ongoing feedback among these various parts. The problem with the nonproject-organization system couldhave wonderful departments that operate well by themselves but don’t integrate well together. Consequently, the organization suffers as a whole. The absence of project-oriented systems usually makes project management more difficult.

23. In addition to the traditional concerns of determining project cost and time. the project team of a project that spans national boundaries must also consider all the following EXCEPT:

A. B. C. D.

Time-zone differences National and regional holidays Volatile political differences Project reporting formats

Answer D Explanation: Project reporting formats are not considered for estimation project cost and time; whereas, time-zone differences, holidays, and risks (e.g. volatile political differences) are considered.

24. Cultural influences on a project include all the following areas EXCEPT: A. B. C. D.

Political Occasional Educational Ethical

Answer B Explanation: Every project must operate within context of one or more cultural norms. This area of influence includes political, economic, demographic, educational, ethical, ethnic, religious, and other areas of practice, belief and attitudes that affect the way that people and organizations interact. Occasional means occurring or appearing at irregular or infrequent intervals

25. All of the following are characteristics of a project EXCEPT: A. B. C. D.

Temporary Definite beginning and end Interrelated activities Repeats itself every month

Answer: D Explanation: Option D implies that the whole project repeats every month Generally, the only things that might repeat in a project are some activities and the whole project does not repeat.

26. A project is a temporary endeavour. The temporary nature of projects may apply to all the following except: A. B. C. D.

The opportunity or market window The project team, as a working unit Project products, services or results Finite project duration

Answer C Explanation: Temporary does not apply generally to the product, service, or result created by the project (option C). Most project are undertaken to create a lasting product. The opportunity or market window is usually temporary — some projects have a limited time frame in which to produce their product or service (option A). The project team, as a working unit, seldom outlives the project (option B). The team is disbanded when the project ends. Temporary means that every project has a definite beginning and a definite end (option D).

27. The five project management process groups are:

A. B. C. D.

Planning, checking, directing, monitoring, and recording Planning, executing, initiating, controlling, and closing Planning, executing, directing, closing, and delivering Initiating, executing, monitoring, evaluating, and closing

Answer B Explanation: Five project management process groups are initiating, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling, and closing each phase or project.

28. Project phases are: A. B. C. D.

Sub-projects Project management process groups Product life cycle Organizational process assets

Answer: A Explanation: A project may be divided into number of phases A project phase is logically related project activities that culminate of one or more deliverables. Project management process group are not project lifecycle phases. Each project phase (Feasibility phase, requirement phase, design phase, transition phase) can be considered as a sub-project. It is possible that all project management process groups could be conducted within a phase.

29. Project management process groups are:

A. Overlapping processes that occur at varying levels of intensity throughout each phase of the project B. Overlapping processes that occur at the same level of intensity throughout each phase of the project C. Discrete, one-time events D. Discrete. repetitive events that occur at the same level of intensity throughout each phase of the project

Answer: A Explanation: In practice, the project management process groups are often overlapping and interact in ways that are not completely detailed For example design work can start when 70% requirements have been collected. These occur at varying levels of intensity throughout each phase of the project

30. During the course of your project, you notice that most of the changes are coming from the design phase. What should you do? A. Assign a team member to solely work with the design department B. Change the communication management plan to aggressively interact with the designers C. Ask the design department to assign a person to liaison with the project team D. Talk to the design department to understand the reasons for the changes.

Answer: D Explanation: The best way to deal with this problem is to discover the root cause. Only choice D does that.

31. Project management process groups are: A. B. C. D.

Discrete and one-time events Not overlapping Project life cycle phases Linked by the outputs which are produced

Answer: D Explanation: Project management process groups are linked by specific inputs and outputs which are produced, where the results or outcomes of one process becomes the input to another process group For example the planning process group provides the executing process group the project management plan and project documents. The process groups are seldom either discrete or one-time events (Choice A). Process groups are overlapping activities that occur throughout the project (Choice B). The process groups are NOT project lifecycle phases such as design phase or build phase. Process group are conducted within each phase (Choice C)

32. The triple constraints are driven by: A. B. C. D.

Time, schedules, and quality Time, availability, and quality Time, money, and schedules Time, money, and scope

Answer D Explanation: The triple constraint is often depicted as a triangle where one of the sides or one of the corners represents one of the parameters (time, cost, and scope) being managed by the project team. Please note that the triple constraints are modified by the term competing constraints since PMBOK 4th edition

33. The project related governance processes, methodologies, tools and techniques for managing projects within the organization should be supplied by the: A. B. C. D.

Project library Project quality office Project management office Project administration office

Answer: C Explanation: The project management office (PMO) is a management structure that standardizes the project related governance processes and facilitates the sharing of resources, methodologies, tools and technique&

34. Many project managers are confusing the project life cycle with the project management process groups. You are trying to help project managers in your organization understand the difference between the project management process groups and project life cycle. Which of the following identifies the DIFFERENCE between these two life cycles? A. B. C. D.

The project life cycle includes product life cycle The project management process group only applies to develop products The project management process group only applies to some projects The project life cycle is managed through the project management process groups

Answer: D Explanation: The project life cycle is broken into phases and each phase is managed through the project management process groups. The core of project life cycle is to create requirements document, build design, and develop product or transition product or service; whereas the core of project management process group is to initiate, execute, control and close each project phase. Project life cycle is a sub-set of product life cycle (Choice A).

35. The project management plan should include all the following EXCEPT:

A. B. C. D.

Subsidiary plans Issue log Cost baseline Q Scope baseline

Answer B Explanation: All the 11 subsidiary plans and 3 project baselines are the part of the project management plan except Issue Log, which is a project document that is used to record issues those arise when managing stakeholder engagement

36. Which of the following process the organization process assets (CPA) is often referred by the project manager? A. B. C. D.

Collect requirements Plan risk responses Validate scope Develop project charter

Answer: D Explanation: CPA is one of the inputs to Develop project Charter process. You should remember that the organizational process assets - CPA is not input to 9 out of 47 project management processes Breakup is as follows: 2 planning processes (collect requirements and plan risk responses); 2 executing processes (perform quality assurance and develop project team; 4 controlling processes (validate scope, control risks, control procurements and control stakeholder engagement) and 1 closing process (close procurements)

37. The previous project manager of your project was being managed without stakeholder’s engagement. There is a lack of management control and no clearly identified project deliverables of each project phase. Which of the following would be the BEST choice for getting your project better planed, organized and controlled? A. B. C. D.

Adopt a project life cycle approach to control project and engage stakeholders. Develop lessons learned for each phase Develop specific plan for each phase of the project Develop a description of the product of the project.

Answer: A Explanation: Option D would help, but not help both control and deliverables for each project phase. Option C would help control each project phase, but would not control the integration of the phases into a cohesive whole. Option B would help improve subsequent phases, but would do nothing for control and deliverables. Effective project management requires a project life cycle approach to control project. Option A is the only answer that covers both control and deliverables. The stakeholders influence is very high in the initial phases of the project, so they need to be engaged for better control on project,

38. All of the following are the activities necessary to perform integrated change control system effectively except: A. Defined procedures to control scope B. Change requests in a standard format C. Review meetings D. Lessons learned .

Answer D Explanation: An integrated change control system consists of the processes, procedures and change control board that allow smooth evaluation, tracking and controlling changes in scope, schedule, quality, risks and cost Without the change, the lesson has not been learned. The cause of change is documented as the learned lesson. A lesson learned are reviewed and documented in the retrospective meetings and in the project or phase closure meetings

39. You are managing a project to introduce a new product to the market place. The product is expected to have a long product life cycle. In this situation, the concept of being temporary is not applied to: A. B. C. D.

The product life cycle The project team The project management process groups The project life cycle

Answer: A Explanation: The end of a project is reached when project objectives have been achieved or not achieved (terminated) The concept of temporary applies to the project, project life cycle, and project team. It is not applied to the product life cycle.

40. An approach that can help project management team to set up and achieve project objectives is management by objectives (MRO), which specifically addresses all the following except: A. B. C. D.

Establishing unambiguous and realistic objectives. Periodically evaluating whether project objectives have been achieved. Promoting participation, team building, and commitment to the project. Analyzing and reducing risk and determining how to handle it when it occurs.

Answer D Explanation: Management by objectives, developed by Peter Ducker in the early 1950s, is a technique to establish clear, achievable objectives and evaluate progress toward those objectives on a regular basis. The technique works best when it is based on a collaborative effort between two parties, where the teams discuss, negotiate and agree, thus ensuring participation and commitment to the project. The technique does not address project risk management.

41 . The project management office (PMO) issued guidelines to all project managers in an organization for information needed to be included in the project management plan. To describe your project management approach or strategy, you should summarize the: A. B. C. D.

Project documents Project scope statement Cost baseline Subsidiary management plans

Answer D Explanation: Subsidiary management plans are usually part of the project management plaw The description of the project management approach or strategy is outlined in summary of these 13-subsidiary management plans, which includes:: requirement management plan, scope management plan, schedule management plan, cost management plan, quality management plan, process improvement plan, human resource management plan, communication management plan, risk management plan, procurement management plan, stakeholder management plan, change management plan, and configuration management plan.

42. Having to constantly push the team to perform is an example of a LACK of: A. B. C. D.

Project continuity Team buy-in Management support Team accord

Answer B Explanation: Buying-in means being convinced and willing to work in certain way. To get team member commitment to a project plan, the team has to have been involved in the planning process—not handed a schedule or cost that someone else created—and they have to agree that the resulting plan is reasonable. In order to negotiate team buy-in, you need to be clear on what’s involved, how things will change, and what the end product will be. Some form of dialogue should be happening. What is your vision? What is their ideal vision? Do the two compare? Is everyone on the same page, and if not, how can you get them there? It’s important that every team member understands their new responsibilities - and they need to know how their role contributes to the overall project and success of the team. Additionally, figure out the team’s availability, work schedule, vacation bookings, other deadlines and key dates so that the final timeline of the project is realistic but also accommodates their other responsibilities.

43. You have been appointed manager of a project to convert multiple electronic mail systems at a major financial institution to a single platform. Your company’s approach was not the client’s first choice, and your firm was able to be the lowest cost alternative by using funds provided to your company for a different purpose. After the project is underway. the client specifies a new approach that has never been used before. When the project is approaching the originally scheduled end date, it becomes clear that the technological approach will have to be significantly altered. Although the client has been kept apprised of developments throughout the project through regular status reports, and the project plan has been followed, the client demands that the project be continued without any increase in cost until all of the client’s requirements are met. Your firm feels that it has no choice but to comply with the client’s demands, although this will result in a substantial loss on the project. What was the MOST important thing that should have been done to avoid this situation? A. B. C. D.

Better identification of risks and risk mitigation strategies Clearer statement of work Change control system Formal client acceptance of the scope baseline

Answer: D Explanation: It is always advisable that project manager should have baselined project scope with customer for a buy-in, before execution. Project baselines (scope, schedule and cost baselines) are approved by the sponsor/customers. Updated baselines will reflect changes in the project scope, cost, schedule and contracts. This help reduce problems as narrated above.

44. Which of the following BEST describes the project manager role during project planning? A. Creating a Gantt chart and getting management to approve it B. Coordinating in creation of a project management plan that can be used to guide the project C. Defining activities the team members are required to perform D. Implement the plan developed by the management

Answer: B Explanation: Project manager coordinates with project team and stakeholders in developing project management plan, which includes 1 1-subsidiary plans and 3 project baselines (scope baseline, schedule baseline, and cost baseline), which are used to manage the project.

45. Which of the following describes the BEST use of organizational process assets?

A. B. C. D.

& Estimating, life cycle costing and project planning Risk management, estimating and creating lessons learned c. Project planning, estimating and creating a status report Estimating cost, identifying risks and project management plan

Answer D Explanation: Organization process assets includes historical information, lessons learned, templates and best practices that are useful in estimating schedule and cost, identifying risks and deciding risk responses and developing a project management plan. Life cycle costing is used to determine the total cost of owning a product.

46. Which of the following will help the project manager verify assumptions and assess alternatives? A. B. C. D.

Organizational policies Project management plan Organizational process assets Corrective actions

Answer C Explanation: Organizational process assets include historical information, lessons learned; templates and best practices, which are useful in verifying assumptions made in your current project and assess alternatives.

47. What the project manager must have before developing project management plan? A. B. C. D.

Project cost Project risk register Project schedule Project charter

Answer: D Explanation: Project charter is an important input to Develop Project Management Plan process.

48. A change control is a process of controlling changes to the: A. B. C. D.

Project documents. Product features. Project baselines. Contract

Answer C Explanation: Change control is a process of identifying, documenting, approving, or rejecting, and controlling changes to the project baselines. In other is used to control changes to all aspects of an approved project management plan (Choice C).Confìguration control is the process of managing the product scope, project deliverables and version control project documents (Choices A, B and D)

49. Which of the following BEST describes the role of project manager role during project planning? A. B. C. D.

Creating a work breakdown structure Engaging project stakeholders in planning process Make a list of milestones the team members are required to accomplish Develop project charter

.

Answer: B Explanation: The project manager’s role during project planning is to develop project management plan in collaboration with project team, stakeholders and subject matters and that can be used as guide to implement the project. Without stakeholder buy-in no plan can work, therefore Choices A and C are not the best choices. Project charter is an important input to develop project management plan

50. You are managing a complex project. You are required to build 50 products for your customer. Due to the complexity of the project, it is divided into 10 sequential phases, i.e. 5 products to be built in each phase. You have just finished the first phase of your project and you are about to kick off your second phase. Which project management process should you start to kick off the second phase of the project? A. B. C. D.

Develop Project Charter Develop Project Management Plan Direct and Manage Project Work Monitor and Control Project Work

Answer A Explanation: The PMBOK Guide processes are applicable to the entire project if the complete project is a single-phase project. In the case of multi-phase projects, the PMBOK Guide recommends that you treat each phase of the project as a sub-project and apply all the processes to each phase. You are about to start a new project phase, and as a result, you should revisit the Develop Project Charter process, because the original Project Charter may reflect changes made so far and require updation

51. Project team has finally completed project management plan for a $100,000 project having 150 stakeholders and 25 project team members located at three different countries. Which of the following BEST describes a project management plan? A. B. C. D.

Project budget where change control system is applied to control changes Activity cost estimates Project schedule Formal, approved document where change control system is applied to control changes

Answer: D Explanation: Project management plan is a formal, approved document that includes both subsidiary plans and project baselines (excluding project documents), which are controlled through change control system.Project budget, project schedule and cost estimates are the L project documents, where configuration management

52. Management wants to know from you the process of creating a coherent, consistent document that can be used to guide both project execution and control. A. B. C. D.

Develop project team Develop project management plan Manage stakeholder engagement Perform integrated change control

Answer: B Explanation: Develop project management plan is a process of creating a coherent, consistent document that can be used to guide both project execution and control, since it contains subsidiary plans, change control system, configuration management system and project scope baselines. Develop project team and manage stakeholder engagement are the part of execution process group, whereas Perform Integrated Change Control process is the controlling process group; therefore Choice B is the best choice.

53. All of the following are true for a project scope baseline EXCEPT? A. B. C. D.

It is included in the project management plan. g. It includes approved project scope statement. It is useful in controlling changes to the WBS dictionary. It an important input to develop project charter.

Answer D Explanation: Project scope statement, WBS and WBS dictionary are part of scope baseline, which is included in the project management plan. Project charter is an input to develop project management plan and not vice versa.

54. The management of the project you are managing has asked you to require that each piece of the project scope be defined, estimated and scheduled. Management also wants to authorize each piece of the project after the documentation is assembled. What is the MOST appropriate response to these requests?

A. Politely advise management to forego the authorization of work B. Provide management with a schedule of when the components will be ready for their authorization C. Ask management to authorize each component of plan before it is completed D. Tell management that the chance for authorization will come after the components of the project management plan are compiled

Answer: D Explanation: The MOST appropriate response to these requests is to tell management that the chance for authorization will come after the components of the project management plan are compiled.

55. A project management plan should be realistic in order to be used to manage the project. Which of the following is the BEST method to achieve a realistic project schedule? A. B. C. D.

Senior manager creates the project schedule based on input from the project manager Functional manager created the project schedule based on input from the project manager Project manager creates the project schedule based on input from senior management Project manager creates the project schedule based on the input from the team

Answer: D Explanation: Project manager creates the project schedule based on the input from the team to achieve a realistic project schedule and ensures team buy-in.

56. Management by objectives (MBO) works only if: A. B. C. D.

It is supported by project stakeholders The rules are written down The project does not impact the objectives The project objectives are documented in the project charter

Answer: A Explanation: The primary purpose of MBO is that project team in collaboration of project stakeholders mutually agree on SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bound) objectives and how to achieve them Another purpose of MBO is to obtain support of facilities, approvals and resources from key project stakeholders to achieve the project objectives during execution. The best answer is the need for project stakeholders to support the project objectives (Choice A) when developing project management plan

57. You are performing an audit in your company and find that most of the project management plans are neither consistent nor up-to-date. Which of the following statements is not true? A. Projects should never tie executed without a valid, updated and realistic project management plan. B. The project management plan is secondary because it is only the results that matter. C. A great deal of effort is required to develop and update a project management plan, but the benefits include less pressure on all stakeholders and a resulting product that will satisfy the requirements. D. Poor planning is one of the major reasons for cost and time overruns.

Answer B Explanation: It is NOT true that the project management plan is secondary because it is only the results that matter. All other choices are true statements.

58. You have documented certain constraints in the project charter that may influence the project success. What is not a constraint in project management? A. B. C. D.

Laws and regulations. Predefined budget. Team preferences. Imposed milestones

Answer C Explanation: Constraint is one that restricts; limits, regulates or confines project team to initiate, plan, execute, control or close project or phase. Choices A, B and D are the examples of the project constraints. Team preferences include information about what team members prefer to do things differently are NOT constraints.

59. Which of the following statements describes the relationship between project phases and the project life, cycle? A. The project lifecycle is a subset of project phase. B. Collectively, the project phases are known as the project life cycle. C. The project lifecycle is regarded as a sequence of project activities while phases are defined to control the overlapping of activities. D. The project lifecycle contains the repetitive elements inside a project phase

Answer B Explanation: Collectively, the project phases are known as the project life cycle.

60. The process of establishing clear and achievable objectives, measuring their achievement, and adjusting performance in accordance with the results of the measurement is called: A. B. C. D.

Strategic planning. Alternative objectives inventory. Management by objectives Contingency planning

Answer C Explanation: Management by Objectives (MBO) is a process of agreeing upon objectives so that the project stakeholders and the members of project team jointly agree to the objectives and understand what they are in the organization to achieve them. The process of establishing clear and achievable (SMART) objectives, measuring their achievement, and adjusting performance in accordance with the results of the measurement is called Management by Objectives (MBO).

61. Which of the following are not the characteristics of a project? A. B. C. D.

Constrained by limited resources Planned, executed and controlled Creates unique product or service Ongoing and repetitive

Answer: D Explanation: Operations are ongoing and repetitive while projects are temporary and unique. A project can thus be defined in terms of its distinctive characteristics - a project is a temporary endeavour undertaken to create a unique product or service.

62. Which of the following statement related to Standards and Regulations is correct? A. Standard is a document approved by a recognized body - there can be multiple standards for one product. B. Regulations are mandatory but Standards are not mandatory. C. Standards after widespread adoption may become de facto regulations D. The influence of standards and regulations for a project is always known

Answer: B Explanation: Regulation is a requirement imposed by the governmental body. These requirements can specify product, process or service characteristics, including the applicable administrative provision, that have a government-mandated compliance. Standard is a document established by consensus and approved by the recognized body that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines, or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context. Therefore Regulations are mandatory but Standards are not

63. A project manager has just reached the end of the project. Which of the following documents will the project manager needs before closure of the project or phase? A. B. C. D.

Documents that provide quality measurement results Documents that confirms verification of deliverables Documents that provide performance measurement results Documents that confirm the acceptance of project deliverables

Answer D Explanation: Documents that confirm the acceptance of project deliverables is the output of Validate Scope process, and the accepted deliverables is an input to Close Project or Phase process. Documents that provide quality measurements and product performance measurement, documents that confirms verification of deliverables (Choices A, B and C) are all the part of the Control Quality process.

64. All of the following are part of project closure EXCEPT? A. B. C. D.

Collection of records Analysis of project success and effectiveness Coordinating the operation and maintenance phase of the project Archiving project information

Answer: C Explanation: Collection of records, analysis of project success and effectiveness and archiving project information are the part of close project except coordinating the operation and maintenance phase of the project

65. The first phase of your project has come to an end. What should be done BEFORE beginning the next phase? A. Verify that the resources are available for the next phase B. Check the project’s performance compared to its baselines C. Confirm that the phase has reached its objectives and formalize transition of the phase deliverables D. Take corrective action to bring project results in line with project expectations

Answer: C Explanation: Phase end reviews are held at the end of each project phase to confirm the phase has reached its objectives, formalize transition of the phase deliverables and bringing phase to an orderly end. Verify that the resources are available for the next phase (Choice A) is part of planning process. Checking project’s progress compared to its baselines (Choice B) and taking corrective action to bring project results in line with project expectations (Choice D) is a part of controlling processes.

66. Which of the following is a common problem when closing project or phase? A. B. C. D.

Retain human resources Perform quality assurance Obtain customer acceptance of completed deliverables Audit procurements

Answer: A Explanation: Generally the common problem the project managers face wtien closing procurements is to retain resources. Without human resources it is difficult to gather lessons learned and update organizational processes assets. Perform Quality Assurance (Choice B) is the part of execution process, obtain customer acceptance of completed deliverables (Choice C) is part of Validate Scope process, and audit procurement (Choice D) is a technique used to Close Procurements

67. You have managed your project under a projectized organization and has just started closing project. Under the circumstances, which of the following should be your GREATEST concern? A. B. C. D.

Preparing yourself up to take over a large multi-year complex project The team is not focused on archiving the project documents. You will have extra management pressure to verify deliverables. Releasing team for other projects.

Answer B Explanation: Start of project closure means that you have obtained customer acceptance (signoffs) of deliverables. Closing project involves analyzing cause of project success and as well failures, collecting lessons learned and archiving project documents in the organization process assets. Under the given situation, your GREATEST concern is that the team is NOT focused on achieving the project documents that cause may delay in releasing some of the project team members for other projects.

68. You have managed your project under a projectized organization and has just started closing project. Under the circumstances, which of the following should be your GREATEST concern? A. B. C. D.

Preparing yourself up to take over a large multi-year complex project The team ¡s not focused on archiving the project documents. You will have extra management pressure to verify deliverables. Releasing team for other projects.

Answer B Explanation: Start of project closure means that you have obtained customer acceptance (signoffs) of deliverables. Closing project involves analyzing cause of project success and as well failures, collecting lessons learned and archiving project documents in the organization process assets. Under the given situation, your GREATEST concern is that the team is NOT focused on archiving the project documents that cause may delay in releasing some of the project team members for other projects.

69. Management advises new project manager to create lessons learned at the end of each project phase. What does a lesson learned include?

A. B. C. D.

Causes of good performance Work performance reports Procurement audit reports Quality audit report

Answer A Explanation: The lesson learned analysis the causes of good performances, causes of bad performances, causes of variances, causes for updates, causes for corrective actions and causes for defect repair etc. and provide recommendations to improve the best practices or processes for implementation in future project or phase.

70. A project manager has just reached the end of a project- Which of the following documents the project manager does not need to create in the close project or phase process? A. B. C. D.

Project files Project closure documents Lessons learned Workarounds

Answer D Explanation: Close project involves formalize transitions of final deliverables to the customer and archiving all project files, closure documents and lessons learned Workarounds (Choice D) is a solution to deal with unanticipated problem (control risks) that occurs during execution.

71. The major deliverable of the close project or phase is: A. B. C. D.

Lessons learned documentation Accepted deliverables Verified deliverables Procurement audit documentation

Answer A Explanation: Lessons learned documentation (Choice A) is one of the major deliverable in the Close Project or Phase process Accepted deliverables (Choice B) is the major output of Validate Scope process, Verified deliverables (Choice C) is the major output of Control Quality process and procurement audit (Choice D) is one of the techniques used in the Close Procurement process

72. Documents that serve as historical records for future projects are archived: A. B. C. D.

Throughout the project At the end of the project planning process group At closing the project or phase At the end of the initiating process group

Answer C Explanation: Documents that serve as historical records for future projects are recorded and reviewed on completion of each milestone or iteration cycle in the retrospective meetings throughout the project, but are only archived during the Close Project or Phase process.

73. An output of close project or phase is the: A. B. C. D.

Final product, service or result transition Procurement audits Project documents updates Project management plan updates

Answer: A Explanation: Two major outputs of Close Project or Phase are the transition of final products, services or results and organizational process assets updates that includes all project files, project closure documents and lessons learned Procurement audits is one of the techniques used to Close Procurements; whereas project documents updates and project management plan updates are the outputs of controlling process group, which are inputs to Close Project or Phase

74. The project is completed and the final product has been transitioned to the customer, but the customer refuses to give final acceptance of the product transition. It is MOST important for the project manager to: A. Inform management of the situation. B. Ask the team for assistance. C. Document the situation. D. Initiate legal proceedings.

Answer: C Explanation: Close project or phase involves formalizing transition of the products, services or results, and bringing it to an orderly end. If the customer refuses to give final acceptance of the product transition, it is MOST important for the project manager to FIRST document the situation and the reasons for not acceptance of final project transitioning by the customer and then inform management Without acceptance of product transitioning, the project or phase cannot be closed.

75. It is important to archive project records at the end of the project to: A. B. C. D.

Make decisions. Recall what happened on the project. Support cost estimates. Support the selection of sellers.

Answer: B Explanation: It is important to archive project records at the end of the project to recall what happened on the project to make decisions, support cost estimates and the selection of sellers in future projects.

76. The project or phase closure team will also need to rely on their collective experience of stakeholders to review the outcomes and determine the project has been satisfactorily concluded. Going through the project is very rewarding although time-consuming. It provides an opportunity to: A. B. C. D.

Review project performance Share knowledge Conduct 360 degree appraisal Update project charter

Answer: B Explanation: The project or phase closure team will also need to rely on their collective experience of stakeholders to review the outcomes and determine the project has been Satisfactorily concluded- Going through the project is very rewarding although time-consuming. It provides an opportunity to learn from the experience of stakeholders and ensure that everything is truly completed. Review project performance is the part of monitor and control project work, conduct 360 degree appraisal is the part of manage project team and update project charter is done when scope changes or at phase gate reviews by sponsor.

77. A project team has completed all the final project deliverables, and the customer has accepted the deliverables. However, the lessons learned required by the project office have not been completed. What is the status of the project? A. The project is incomplete because the project needs to be re-planned B. The project is incomplete until all the project management deliverables are complete and accepted C. The project is incomplete because the customer has accepted the deliverables D. The project is incomplete because the project has reached the due date

Answer: B Explanation: There is no mention of a due date so choice û cannot be best. Re-planning (choice A) is a drastic step, uncalled for the situation described. A project is complete when all work, including all project management work, is completed. The lessons learned are project management deliverables so choice C cannot be correct

78. You are the project manager for a product development company that specializes in developing specific products. Over the time, a standard WBS template has been prepared and a scope management plan has been established. On your last project, one client wanted you to use a different specification than you normally use for developing a product. Although this constituted a scope change, it turned out that this new specification shall reduced the actual product development cycle time by 20%. At the end of the project, you realized that its continuous use would lead to significant improvement in your future similar projects. Your next step should be A. Document the lessons learned and share them within the company B. Adjust the schedule baseline to note the reduction in time C. Calculate the savings based on schedule reduction and pass on the savings on to the dog owner D. Issue a new methodology and mandate that it be followed

Answer: A Explanation: It is important to contribute to the project management knowledge base by sharing lessons learned and best practices for improving the quality of project management services. Lessons learned in changes to the product scope should be documented and shared so that they become part of the database for the current project and other projects in the organization.

79. You have just completed design phase and about to enter the build product phase. All the following need to be done on completion of design phase EXCEPT: A. B. C. D.

Complete the lessons learned Formal acceptance of design documents Update the archives Completion of the project product

Answer D Explanation: The product of the project is completed at the end of the construct/build phase (choice D). At the end of each phase you complete the final phase deliverables described in choices A, B and C.

80. It is important to collect project records at the end of the project or phase in order to: A. B. C. D.

Document decisions made in the project Recall what good and bad happened in the project or phase Support performance decisions Support the risks on the project

Answer: B Explanation: A lessons learned document describes more than just the decisions made (choice A). It should help recall what went right and what went wrong in the project performance, resource utilization and quality etc.

81. All of the following will occur in the close project or phase process EXCEPT: A. B. C. D.

Complete the lessons learned Release project team Obtain formal acceptance of product transitions Performing benefit cost analysis

Answer: D Explanation: Benefit cost analysis (choice D) is done earlier in the project to help select best alternatives during project initiation and controlling processes. All the other choices are done during the Close Project or Phase process. Therefore, choice D must be the best answer.

82. One of the main objectives of the project was to acquire additional expertise completing a large scale design project. The project is mostly completed when the client decides to terminate the project. A change in their business means the project is no more needed. What is the MOST effective thing to do? A. B. C. D.

Stop the work immediately Complete the project, but do not charge the client for the expertise your team gained Tell the client that work will stop when the project is completed Move onto close project or phase process

Answer B Explanation: Did you choose A? You missed the point. Your company needs to be able to gain Expertise completing a large scale design project. That cannot be well done until the project is completed. The question is saying that the company gets large value in finishing. Perhaps they can sell the finished product to someone else. Based on what is described, completing the project (choice B) will meet your company objectives and help you gain the expertise you need if the client agrees and proprietary client data is not required to complete the worlc In the given situation that is narrated, the second best choice is to move to Close Project or Phase (choice D).

83. All of the following activities are required to be performed in close project or phase EXCEPT: A. B. C. D.

Confirm formal acceptance of final product transition Confirm project feedback from the team Confirm completeness of the project documents Confirm project management plan updates

Answer: D Explanation: Choice B refers to lessons learned, and choices A and C are always part of close project or phase. When project enters close out (as opposed to at the end of a phase), the project management plan are updated in the controlling processes (choice D) and not in the closing project or phase

84. Your project is being managed in the projectized organization. It has just entered the close project or phase process. What should be the main concern of the project manager? A. B. C. D.

The project manager himself is focusing on another new project The project manager is not focused on completing the project The project manager is having extra pressure from the customer for product transition The project manager is finding it difficult in retaining project team

Answer D Explanation: Because you are in a projectized organization, the teams are dissolved. The team will either be looking for new jobs or trying to extend the length of the project so they have work for a longer period of time.

85. Which of the following describes that the project or phase is closed? A. B. C. D.

When the work is completed When the final deliverable(s) is/are accepted and the exit criteria is met When the work for the next phase is ready to be started When is the schedule milestone is met

Answer: B Explanation: Though there are many criteria for when a phase is completed, only choice B is included on this list. Work for each phase must be inspected and accepted before the phase can be closed out.

86. Which of the following describes that the project or phase is closed? A. B. C. D.

When the work is completed When the final deliverable(s) is/are accepted and the exit criteria is met When the work for the next phase is ready to be started When is the schedule milestone ¡s met

Answer B Explanation: Though there are many criteria for when a phase is completed, only choice B is Included on this list. Work for each phase must be inspected and accepted before the phase can be closed out.

87. Which of the following is not a corrective action? A. B. C. D.

Staffing changes Providing additional training to the staff Taking disciplinary actions Variance analysis

Answer D Explanation: A corrective action is taken once a problem has been found and analysed. Variance analysis can result to some corrective action.

88. Your organization has a miserable project completion Your PMO director has lost out all confidence that any one in his organization can figure out why the project completion had a schedule overrun. Therefore, he has hired a consultant to find out what is going wrong. In reviewing the lessons learned database to determine the root cause of the problem, the consultant should be looking at all the information exceptA. B. C. D.

New or revised activity duration estimates Modified activity schedules Analysis of alternative schedules Schedule updates

Answer: D Explanation: Schedule updates (choice D) occur after the prospective changes have been analyzed and processed through the change control system. Reviewing new or revised activity duration estimates, modified activity schedules, and analysis of alternative schedules can help the consultant to analyze the quality of change control system

89.What is the last thing to do to close project or phase: A. B. C. D.

Complete the lessons learned Provide the client with all the pertinent documents Update the archives Release the team

Answer: D Explanation: The project or phase is closed only after the lessons learned are completed (choice A), providing pertinent documents to client (choice B) and updating archives (choice C) before the resources are released, since you need your team to do the work of project closure.

90. Close procurements is similar to close project or phase ¡n that both involve: A. B. C. D.

Organizational process assets updates Kick off meetings Perform quality assurance activities Validate scope

.

Answer A Explanation: Kick off meetings (choice B) occurs during project initiating and planning. Perform Quality Assurance (choice C) occurs during project executing. Validate scope (choice D) is part of the project monitoring and controlling process group to obtain acceptance of product or deliverable, not closing All types of closure must make sure that the actual product of the project meets the requirements (quality) for the product Therefore, choice A is the best answer

91. The customer requests a change when the product transitioning in the progress. As a project manager how will you address the issue? A. B. C. D.

Implement risk response plan Create workaround Create a formal change request Inform the customer of the impact of changes on scope, time, cost or quality.

Answer C Explanation: The first action would be to create a formal change request (choice C), and then follow the change control process, perform integrate change control and inform the customer of the impact of change on scope, time, cost or quality (choice DL Choices A and 8 does not deal with situation in hand.

92. Company is trying to improve its future project performance and updates and organizational process assets. Which of the following is the BEST way to accomplish it? A. B. C. D.

Project management plan Project scope baseline Lessons learned database Project schedule

Answer C Explanation: Lessons learned database is updated in the close project or phase, in order to avoid future pitfalls and use the good ideas of past projects. This leads to improvements in future projects. Updating od project management plan (Choice A), project scope baseline (Choice B) and project schedule (Choice D) are the done in the controlling processes, which can help team to analyze the cause of updates and becomes input to update lessons learned.

93. Project or phase closure includes all the following EXCEPT: A. B. C. D.

Measures project performance Transitioning of project or phase final product Documenting the degree of project or phase success Update organization process assets

Answer: A Explanation: Project performance is measured earlier in the project by using earned value management techniques and not in the close project or phase, making choice A the only correct answer to this question. Choices B, C and D are the part of close project or phase process.

94. One of the project phasesof your project is completed. Before you start work in the next phase, what should you ENSURE first: A. Verify resource availability B. Verify schedule against the baseline C. Confirm that phase has accomplished the objectives, and have all deliverables formally accepted D. Recommend corrective actions.

Answer C Explanation: A phase or project must meet the phase exit criteria, formally closed and all the deliverables accepted by the team of the next phase.

95.A project may close for all the following reasons EXCEPT: A. B. C. D.

It is determined that the project objectives cannot be met The project objectives have been met The need for the project no longer exists The project manager has resigned from the company

Answer: D Explanation: The project manager’s resignation or reassignment is not a valid reason for terminating a project- Choices A, B or C could be the valid reasons for project termination.

96. When at the earliest time the project closure can be completed? A. B. C. D.

At the end of each project phase At the end of the project At the completion of each deliverable Whenever new project manager takes over from the previous project manager

Answer A Explanation; This question tests whether you realize that project closure can occur earliest at the end of each project phase (choice A) as well as latest at the end of the project (choice B). Each deliverables are accepted in the validate scope process (choice C).

97. The requirement to complete the project in three months using only four resources is an example of: A. B. C. D.

Constraints Earned value analysis component Benefit cost ratios Law of diminishing returns

Answer: A Explanation: Here the resources are the constraints (limitations) to complete the requirements within the predefined project timelines.

98. The cost management plan can establish the following EXCEPT: A. B. C. D.

Basis of estimates Reporting formats Control thresholds Unit of measures

Answer: A Explanation: Cost management plan is a document that sets out the format and establishes the activities and criteria for planning, structuring, and controlling the project costs. A cost management plan can establish level of accuracy, unit of measures, organizational procedure links, control thresholds, rules for performance measurement, reporting formats and process descriptions.

99. Is it useful to initiating the new project phase at the start of each phase? A. No, it is wasteful and should be avoided whenever possible B. Yes, It helps to keep the project focused on the business need that it was undertaken to address C. Yes, it helps to ensure that the project continues regardless of changes ¡n the business needs D. Yes, it helps to ensure continuous employment of project team members, even if the project is unlikely to satisfy the business need that it was undertaken to address.

Answer: B Explanation: Initiating the new project phase at the start of each phase helps to keep the project focused on the business need that it was undertaken to address.

100. Your company is building standard products. Company decides to introduce a new product with distinctive features and functions for a specific market segment. These new products will be offered for sale with the new year release. Which of the following is true? A. This is a project because this new product has never been built and sold by this company before. B. This is an ongoing operation because the company is in the business of building standard products. Introducing new features is simply a new twist on an existing process C. This is an ongoing process because the new line will be sold indefinitely. It is not temporary D. This is not a project or an ongoing operation. This is a new product introduction not affecting ongoing operations.

Answer A Explanation: Introducing a new product in a new year release is a project. The product is new having distinct features and a function, which implies this is a unique product hasn’t done before. This project is initiated as a result of business need.

101. You have just discovered an error in the project schedule that will prevent you from meeting a milestone date. The BEST thing you can do is: A. B. C. D.

Develop alternative solutions to meet the milestone date. Change the milestone date. Ignore any discussion about due dates in the project status report Talk to the team about the need to meet milestone dates.

Answer A Explanation: The BEST thing is to FIRST develop an alternative solutions to meet the milestone date. The alternative solutions could be either be fast tracking or crashing project schedule. Alternatively outsourcing portion of project work. This is an example of work around plan.