Pluralismo Moral

March 8, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Mdhtrc Ecmke7

   

Vdolekfcr, Dstkfc Ochknks.

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Âtbmk y Peurkebsoc Ocrke Bhtrcfummbýh. Thc fd ecs kspdmtcs qud qud sbhnuekrbzkh k eks scmbdfkfds ocfdrhks ds su peurkebsoc ocrke. Ek ocfdrhbfkf obsok pudfd sdr fdsmrbtk mcoc de trëhsbtc fdsfd scmbdfkfds fd mýfbnc ocrke ÷hbmc, c ―ochbsoc ocrke‟, k scmbdfkfds fbvdrsks y peurkeds dh ec ocrke, dh eks qud dxbstd hc sýec uhk acrok fd ―vbfk ludhk‟, sbhc oumjks. Ednbsekr dh scmbdfkfds peurkebstks bopebmk, pcr tkhtc, dstkledmdr edyds qud pdrobtkh qud ek fbvdrsbfkf ocrke fd uhk scmbdfkf pudfk dxprdskrsd, y qud eks pdrschks pudfkh vbvbr sdn÷h sus mchvbmmbchds y mrddhmbks. Mksb dstkrïk fd oës fdmbrec, pdrc uhk edy sclrd oktrbochbc bnukebtkrbc c fd fdspdhkebzkmbýh fde klcrtc -mcoc ek qud jcy sd fdlktd- hc clebnk k prkmtbmkr dstks cpmbchds k eks pdrschks qud pcr sus mrddhmbks ocrkeds eks rdmjkzkh, pdrc sï pdrobtd qud kqudeeks pkrk qubdhds sch ocrkeodhtd ednïtboks pudfkh jkmdrec. Ds ec qud cmurrbý y cmurrd mch ek edy fd fbvcrmbc. Jcy ek uskh qubdhds hc mrddh qud dxbstk uhk mchtrkfbmmbýh dhtrd deek y sus vkecrds ocrkeds, y qubdhds sbdhtdh qud mchtrkfbmd sus mchvbmmbchds oës prcauhfks tbdhdh ek ebldrtkf fd hc uskrek. Ek fbadrdhmbk hc ds odhcr, puds dh uh mksc ek ednbsekmbýh bopchd ke mchguhtc fd ek scmbdfkf de h÷medc vkeýrbmc fd uh nrupc fdtdrobhkfc, obdhtrks qud dh uhk ed ednb nbse sekm kmbý býh h peur peurke kebs bstk tk,, ek ekss fbst fbstbh bhtk tkss cpmb cpmbch chds ds dh dhmu mudh dhtr trkh kh mclb mclbgc gc gu gurïf rïfbm bmc, c, pdrobtbdhfc ksï k bhfbvbfucs c nrupcs vbvbr sdn÷h sus pkrtbmuekrds mrddhmbks. De peurkebsoc ocrke dh uhk scmbdfkf hc hkmd fde jdmjc fd qud eks pdrschks hc tdhnkh vkecrds dh mco÷h, sbhc fd ek okhdrk mcoc gdrkrqubzkh fbmjcs fbm jcs vke vkecrd crdss ard ardhtd htd k tdo tdoks ks scm scmbke bkeodh odhtd td mc mchtr htrcvd cvdrtbf rtbfcs. cs. Ecs vdr vdrfkf fkfdrc drcss prcl prcled edok okss ocr crke ked ds pchd chdh sb sbdo dop prd dh tdhs tdhsbý býh h vk vkec ecrd rdss fds dsdk dkl led edss y ndhd nd hdrk rkeo eodh dhtd td mc mcop opkr krtbtbfc fcs7 s7 de fdrd fdrdmj mjc c k ek vb vbfk fk,, ek fb fbnh nhbf bfkf kf ju juok okhk hk,, ek kutchcoïk pkrk fdmbfbr, ek ebldrtkf y ek bnukefkf, ecs fdrdmjcs fd ek ougdr, ek obrk ob rkfk fk fd ek fb fbvd vdrs rsbf bfkf kf ou ouetetbm bmue uetu turk rke.e. ]b ]bh h do dolk lkrn rnc, c, hc dx dxbs bstd td jc jcyy uh auhfkodhtc ÷hbmc -fbstbhtc fde qud pudfk ecnrkrsd k trkvâs fd ek fdebldrkmbýh y ek fdmbsbýh fdocmrëtbmk- qud pdrobtk gdrkrqubzkr fbmjcs vkecrds fd okhdrk bhdquïvcmk d bhmchtrcvdrtbled pkrk tcfcs.

 

EK] VDC\BK] ÂVBMK] R PET\KEB]OC OC\KE 

Eks tdcrïks âtbmks jkmbdhfc usc fd eks jdrrkobdhtks fd ek abecsýabmk, trktkh fd mchsdnubr mbdrtk mcjdrdhmbk eýnbmk y dxpcsbtbvk, k ek jcrk fd rdspchfdr eks nrkhfds prdnuhtks fd ek âtbmk. Dstks hc hcs cardmdh uhk crbdhtkmbýh prdmbsk d bhodfbktk pkrk hudstrk vbfk ocrke, sbhc oës fkh mudhtk fde adhýodhc fd ek ocrkebfkf dh ndhdrke.



Eks fbadrdhmbks qud pcfdocs dhmchtrkr fd eks fbadrdhtds tdcrïks âtbmk hc vbdhd fd ecs mchmdptcs qud okhdgkh sbhc fde ocfc mcoc ec crfdhkh (ek prbcrbfkf qud fkh k uhcs sclrd ctrcs) y fd ecs oâtcfcs abecsýabmcs qud dopedkh.



Eks tdcrïks âtbmks, ke odhcs dh cmmbfdhtd, mcobdhzkh k deklcrkrsd fdsfd de sbnec Q k.m. mch ]ýmrktds (bhmeusc khtds mch ecs eekokfcs prdscmrëtbmcs).



Ek abecscaïk cmmbfdhtke hkmbý dhtrd ecs nrbdncs, pdrc bhodfbktkodhtd sd suoý ke dedodhtc ektbhc ednc mch ek dxpkhsbýh fde mrbstbkhbsoc dsd dedodhtc nrdmcektbhc sd dhrbqudmbý fd ek sklbfurïk jdlrdk. Ek âtbmk jk sklbfc kfkptkrsd k ecs prcledoks fd mkfk âpcmk deklcrkhfc hudvcs mchmdptcs y fbsdûkhfc hudvks sceumbchds.

EK V\KFBMBÝH K\B]VCVÂEBMK7 L×][TDFK P\TFDHMBKE FD EK ADEBMBFKF. De abh ÷etboc ek adebmbfkf7

 Ec Ecss sd sdrd rdss juok juokhc hcss rdke rdkebz bzko kocs cs hud hudst strk rkss km kmmb mbch chds ds y d ded edmm mmbc bchd hdss pc pcrr uh abh, ek dufkbochïk, ek vbfk ludhk, ek adebmbfkf. Ek adebmbfkf ds de abh hkturke fd ek

 

vbfk. Ek adebmbfkf hc ds scec ed abh hkturke sbhc tkolbâh de abh ocrke, kemkhzkrec c hc fdpdhfd fd sdpkocs dednbr ecs odfbcs oës kfdmukfcs pkrk eednkr y fd qud kmtudocs sdn÷h ec dednbfc.

 Cl Clrk rkrr oc ocrk rkeo eodh dhtd td ds dh dhtc tchm hmds ds ec obso obsoc c qud clrkr lrkr rk rkmmbc bch hke keo odh dhtd td.. Ek adebmbfkf oës pdradmtk, rdsbfd dh de dgdrmbmbc fd ek bhtdebndhmbk tdýrbmk, ds fdmbr, dh ek mchtdopekmbýh c mcoprdhsbýh fd ecs mchcmbobdhtcs.



K ek adebmbfk bfkf tkolbâh sd pudfd kmmdfdr odfbkhtd de dgd gdrm rmbbmbc fde

okhtdhbobdhtc prëmtbmc qud mchsbstd dh fcobhkr eks pksbchds y mchsdnubr uhk rdekmbýh kokled y sktbsakmtcrbk mch de ouhfc hkturke y scmbke dh de qud dstkocs bhtdnrkfcs. Dh dsk tkrdk hcs kyufkrëh eks vbrtufds qud Krbstýtdeds meksbabmk ksï7

Qbrtufds fbkhcâtbmks c bhtdedmtukeds7 Prcpbks fde bhtdedmtc tdýrbmc7 (bhtdebndhmbk, mbdhmbk y sklbfurïk). Prcpbks Prcp bks fde bhtdedmtc bhtdedmtc prëmtbmc7 prëmtbmc7 (prufdhmbk, krtd c tâmhbmk, fbsmrdmbýh, pdrspbmkmbk, ludh mchsdgc).

Qbrtufds âtbmks c fde mkrëmtdr7 Prcpbks fde kutcfcobhbc7 (acrtkedzk c mcrkgd, tdopekhzk c ocfdrkmbýh, pufcr.)

Prcpbks fd eks rdekmbchds juokhks7 (gu (gust stbm bmbk bk,, nd ndhd hdrc rcsb sbfk fkf f c ebld ebldrk rkebebfk fkf, f, ko kokl klbebebf bfkf kf,, vdrk vdrkmb mbfk fkf, f, lu ludh dh ju juoc ocr, r, kakl kaklbebebf bfkf kf c fu fuez ezur urk, k, oknhbabmdhmbk, oknhkhbobfkf.)

Clrkr ocrkeodhtd ds ec obsoc qud clrkr rkmbchkeodhtd, sbdoprd qud dhtdhfkocs kquï pcr ―rkzýh‟ ek ―rkzýh prufdhmbke‟ qud hcs k mchsdgk dednbr ecs odfbcs cpcrtuhcs.

 

Ek Prufdhmbk7 Ek prufdhmbk tke y mcoc ec sdûkek Krbstýtdeds mchstbtuyd ek vdrfkfdrk ―skl ―sklbf bfur urïk ïk pr prëm ëmtbtbmk mk‟, ‟, puds puds de deek ek hcs hcs pd pdro robtbtd d fd fdebebld ldrk rkrr mc mcrr rrdm dmtk tkod odht htd, d, ocstrëhfchcs ec oës mchvdhbdhtd dh mkfk ocodhtc pkrk hudstrk vbfk dh su tctkebfkf, de prufdhtd sdrë7 

 Kqudeek pdrschk, qud ke dednbr, hc tbdhd dh mudhtk scec uh ocodhtc mchmrdtc fd su vbfk, sbhc ec qud ed mchvbdhd dh de mchguhtc fd su dxbstdhmbk.



 Kqudeek pdrschk qud pcsdd abhds ludhcs, k fbadrdhmbk fd qubdh scec ds jëlbe.



 Kqudeek pdrschk qud kpebmk ecs prbhmbpbcs ocrkeds qud sd mkptkh pcr uhk bhtubmbýh bhtdedmtuke, k ecs mkscs mchmrdtcs.

[ubâ [u bâh h skld skld fbsm fbsmdr drhb hbrr qu qud d fd fdsd sdc c fdld fdldh h sd sdrr sk sktbtbsa sadm dmjc jcs, s, pc pcrq rqud ud su sktbsakmmbýh prcpcrmbchkrë adebmbfkf y muëeds hc.



Ds prufdhtd, qubdh dh ek tcok fd fdmbsbchds, sd skld nubkr jkmbk de ecnrc fd uh dqubeblrbc dhtrd de dxmdsc y de fdadmtc. De prufdhtd ds de qud jk kfqubrbfc de sdhtbfc fde târobhc odfbc, de puhtc gustc.

Mrbtdrbc fd rkmbchkebfkf prufdhmbk, sdn÷h Krbstýtdeds. ]cstbdhd qud tcfc mchcmdfcr rdj÷yd fde dxmdsc y fde dadmtc, y lusmk de târobhc odfbc y ec prdabdrd9 pdrc hc de târobhc odfbc hc fd ek mcsks, sbhc de rdektbvc k hcsctrcs. Jkyy oc Jk ocrk rkee pcrq pcrqud ud ec ecss sd sdrd rdss ju juok okhc hcss lu lusm smkh kh bh bhdv dvbtbtkl kled edod odht htd d ek ad adebebmb mbfk fkf, f, ek fbmj fbmjk, k, y pk pkrk rk ke kemk mkhz hzkr kr pe pedh dhko kodh dhtd td ds dstd td cl clgd gdtbtbvc vc fd ek ekss crbdhtkmbchds ocrkeds. Hcs prcpcrmbchk mrbtdrbcs rkmbchkeds pkrk kvdrbnukr quâ tbpcs fd mcopcrtkobdhtcs, quâ vbrtufds, dh uhk pkeklrk quâ tbpc fd mkrëmtdr  ocrke ds kfdmukfc pkrk tke abh. Ek vbfk ocrke ds uh ocfc fd kutcrrdkebzkmbýh y pcr ec tkhtc ek âtbmk krbstctâebmk pdrtdhdmd ke nrupc fd âtbmks dufbhbstks.

 

EK

V\KF KFBM BMBÝ BÝH H

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MËEMT ËEMTE EC

BH BHV VDE DEBN BND DHV HVD D

FD FDE E

PEKMD\. Abh ÷etboc. De pekmdr bhfbvbfuke y scmbke. 

De dpbmurdïsoc ds uhk âtbmk jdfchbstk, ds fdmbr, uhk dxpebmkmbýh fd ek ocrke dh târobhcs fd l÷squdfk fd ek adebmbfkf dhtdhfbfk mcoc pekmdr, mcoc sktbsakmmbýh fde mkrëmtdr sdhsbled.



Dpbmurc fd ]kocs scstbdhd qud, sb ec qud oudvd hudstrk mchfumtk ds ek l÷sq squd udfk fk fde fde pek ekmmdr dr,, sdrë sdrë skl sklbc qub ubdh dh sdk mk mkp pkz fd mkem emue uekr  kr  mcrrdm mcr rdmtko tkodht dhtd d quâ kmt kmtbvb bvbfkf fkfds ds prc prcpcr pcrmbc mbchkh hkh ok okycr ycr pek pekmd mdrr y odh odhcs cs fcecr, ds fdmbr qubdh mchsbnk mchfumbr su vbfk mkemuekhfc ek bhtdhsbfkf y furk fu rkmb mbýh ýh fd ec ecss pe pekm kmdr drds ds,, fb fbsa saru rutk tkhf hfc c fd ec ecss qu qud d tbdh tbdhdh dh od odhc hcss mchsdmudhmbks fcecrcsks y rdpbtbâhfcecs mch odfbfk k ec ekrnc fd ek dxbstdhmbk.

Mchfbmbchds qud jkmdh pcsbled ek vdrfkfdrk sklbfurïk y ek kutâhtbmk adebmbfkf. De pekmdr y de dhtdhfbobdhtc mkemuekfcr. De jdfchbsoc dpbm÷rdc ds bhfbvbfukebstk (sd trktk fd mchsdnubr de okycr  pekmdr bhfbvbfuke). Dh ek ocfdrhbfkf, de jdfchbsoc sd mchvdrtbrë dh scmbke y rdmblbrë de hcolrd fd utbebtkrbsoc). De utbebtk utbebtkrbso rbsoc c pud pudfd fd mchsb mchsbfd fdrks rksd d jdf jdfchb chbstk stk pcr pcrqud qud kab kabrok rok qud ec qud oudvd k ecs jcolrds k clrkr ds ek l÷squdfk fde pekmdr, pdrc mchsbfdrk qud tcfcs tdhdocs uhcs sdhtbobdhtcs scmbkeds dhtrd ecs qud fdstkmk ek sbopktïk, qud hcs eedvkh k mkdr dh ek mudhtk fd qud ecs fdoës tkolbâh fdsdkh kemkhzkr  de odhmbchkfc pekmdr. De abh fd ek ocrke, de prbhmbpbc fd ek ocrkebfkf ds, pcr  tkhtc, kemkhzkr ek oëxbok adebmbfkf, ds fdmbr, de oëxboc pekmdr, pkrk de okycr  h÷odrc fd sdrds vbvcs y auhmbchk k ek vdz, mcoc mrbtdrbc pkrk tcokr fdmbsbchds rkmbchkeds. De utbebtkrbsoc mchstbtuyd acrok rdhcvkfk fde jdfchbsoc meësbmc y kfcptk uh mkrëmtdr scmbke fde qud kquâe mkrdmïk. ]dn÷h ecs jdfchbstks y ecs utbebtkrbstks, tcfcs ecs sdrds vbvcs lusmkh de pekmdr y juydh fde fcecr. De oývbe fde mcopcrtkobdhtc juokhc ds de pekmdr.

 

Pdrc k ek vdz, qud de pekmdr ds tkolbâh de abh ke qud sd fbrbndh tcfks hudstrks kmmbchds y de abh pcr de qud rdkebzkocs tcfks hudstrks dedmmbchds. Fd fchfd sd sbnud qud de pekmdr ds de abh hkturke y ocrke fd ecs sdrds juokhcs. Ke pekmdr  bhfbvbfuke fd ecs khtbnucs, ecs utbebtkrbstks sd prdcmupkrkh pcr ek l÷squdfk fde pekmdr scmbke.

³[ubâh Clrk Ocrkeodhtd37 Ek \kzýh Mkemuekfcrk. 

]dn÷h jdfchbstks y utbebtkrbstks, clrk ocrkeodhtd qubdh skld mkemuekr fd acro ac rok k bhtd bhtdebebnd ndht htd, d, k ek jc jcrk rk fd tcok tcokrr fd fdmb mbsb sbch chds ds,, qu quâ â cp cpmb mbch chds ds prcpcrmbchkrëh mchsdmudhmbks oës pekmdhtdrks y odhcs fcecrcsks, y debnd pkrk sus vbfks eks qud prcfumdh okycr pekmdr y odhcs fcecr.



Fdsfd dstk pdrspdmtbvk, ek ocrke, ds de tbpc fd skldr qud hcs kyufk k mkemuekr fd acrok bhtdebndhtd eks mchsdmudhmbks fd hudstrks kmmbchds pkrk ecnrkr de oëxboc pekmdr y de oïhboc fcecr oëxboc fd pekmdr pkrk de okycr huodrc fd sdrds vbvcs.

Mrbtdrbc fd \kmbchkebfkf Ttbebtkrbstk. Ds mukhfc khtd fcs murscs fd kmmbýh, clrk ocrkeodhtd de qud debnd kqude kqu de muyks muyks mchsdm mchsdmudh udhmbk mbkss prcpcr prcpcrmbc mbchkh hkh de oëx oëxboc boc pek pekmdr mdr pkr pkrk k de ok okycr  ycr  h÷odrc fd sdrds vbvcs. Pkrk mkemuekr ecs pekmdrds jky qud skldr sb ecs jky, sb dxbstdh tkeds pekmdrds y fd quâ tbpc. Dpbmurc fbstbhnud dhtrd ecs pekmdrds dstkleds (supdrbcrds), qud mchsbstdh dh ek krochïk prcfumbfk pcr ek kusdhmbk fd fcecr dh de mudrpc y fd turlkmbýh dh de keok. R ecs pekmdrds pcsbtbvcs, mcoc ek kednrïk. Pcr dsc, ek rkzýh jk fd jkmdr de mëemuec, pchfdrkhfc quâ pekmdrds sch oës bhtdhscs y furkfdrcs, y mukeds prcfumdh odhcs fcecr, pkrk cltdhdr ksï de oëxboc pekmdr pcsbled. Gdrdoy Ldhtjko, uh utbebtkrbstk dxpusc uhk krbtoâtbmk fd ecs pekmdrds. De pekmdr pudfd sdr odfbfc pcrqud tcfcs ecs pekmdrds sch rdektbvkodhtd bnukeds. Vdhbdhfc dh mudhtk mrbtdrbcs fd bhtdhsbfkf, furkmbýh, prcxbobfkf y sdnurbfkf, sd pcfrëh mkemuekr ek okycr mkhtbfkf fd pekmdr pkrk de okycr h÷odrc fd sdrds.

 

Fbstbhtks pdrschk pudfdh mcopkrkr sus pekmdrds dhtrd sï pkrk ecnrkr oëxboc tctke fd pekmdr. G.]. Obee, scstbdhd qud ecs pekmdrds hc sd fbadrdhmbkh mukhtbtktbvkodhtd sbhc sbh c muk mukebtk ebtktbv tbvkod kodhtd htd,, fd okh okhdrk drk qud jky pek pekmdr mdrds ds sup supdrb drbcrd crdss y pek pekmdr mdrds ds bhadrbcrds. Ecs sdrds juokhcs mukhtc oës mchsmbdhtds y muetcs hdmdsbtkocs oëss pk oë pkrk rk sd sdrr ad adebebmd mds, s, mu mukh khtc tc oës oës bhmc bhmchs hsmb mbdh dhtd tdss y od odhc hcss mu muetetcs cs hcs hcs mchtdhtkocs mch pekmdrds mcoc ek ldlbfk y ek mcobfk. ]bh dolkrnc oës vked hc dstkr dstkr ped pedhko hkodht dhtd d skt sktbsa bsadmj dmjcs cs qud mc mchtd htdhtk htkrhc rhcss mch pek pekmdr mdrds ds qud hcs ksdodgkh k ecs khbokeds. De jdfchbsoc surfd dh de sbnec BQ k.m. fd ek okhc fd Drksoc fd ]kocs.

EK V\KFB \KFBMB MBÝ ÝH IKHV IKHVBK BKHK HK77 \D \D] ]PD PDVC VC K EC [T [TD D DH ]Ï D] QKEBC]C. Hb prufdhmbk hb rkzýh mkemuekfcrk, sbhc rkzýh prëmtbmk. Ecs abhds qud qudrdocs pcr hkturkedzk, fd okhdrk bhdvbtkled, hc pudfdh sdr ocrkeds, pcrqud hc pcfdocs dednbrecs. Ek hkturkedzk ds de rdbhc fd ek hdmd hd mdsb sbfk fkf, f, hc de fd ek ebld ebldrt rtkf kf,, pc pcrr oum oumjc qu qud d pc pcfk fkoc ocss de dedn dnbr brec ecs. s. Ek hkturkedzk ds de rdbhc fd ek hdmdsbfkf, hc de fd ek ebldrtkf, pcr oumjc qud pcfkocs dednbr dhtrd ecs odfbcs. Pcr dsc sdrëh ecs abhds ocrkeds ecs qud pcfdocs prcpchdrhcs eblrdodhtd y hc ecs qud y hcs vbdhdh bopudstcs pcr  hkturkedzk. Abhkeds fde sbnec ZQBBB ³Muëeds c hdtcs abhds3 Eks pdrschks tdhdocs mchmbdhmbk fd qud jky fdtd fd tdro robh bhkf kfcs cs ok okhf hfkt ktcs cs qu qud d fdld fdldoc ocss sdnu sdnubr br,, hc hcss jk jknk nk c hc adeb adebmmds cldfdmdrecs. Hudstrk prcpbk rkzýh d s ec qud hcs fk edyds fd mýoc mcopcrtkrhcs pkrk sdr pdrschks kutdhtbmks. R uh sdr mkpkzk fd fkrsd edyds k sï obsoc ds, uh sdr kutýhcoc. Dsks edyds okhfkh sbh mchfbmbchds y hc prcodtdh ek adebmbfkf k mkolbc7 sýec prcodtdh rdkebzkr ek prcpbk juokhbfkf. Ecs okhfktcs sd dxprdskh mcoc bopdrktbv bopdrk tbvcs cs mktdn mktdnýrbm ýrbmcs, cs, bhm bhmchf chfbmb bmbchk chkfcs fcs,, y hc sbo sboped pedodh odhtd td jbp jbpctâ ctâtbm tbmcs, cs, mchfbmbchds k qud kenubdh qubdrk sdr adebz fd uhc u ctrc ocfc. ]dr pdrschk ds

 

pcr sï obsoc vkebcsc, y ek odtk fd ek ocrke mchsbstd dh qudrdr sdrec pcr dhmbok fd mukequbdr ctrk odtk7 dh qudrdr tdhdr ludhk vceuhtkf fd muopebr hudstrks prcpbks edyds. Ek rk rkzý zýh h qu qud d fd dsks ed edyd ydss oc ocrk rked edss hc ds ek pru prufd fdh hmbk bkee hb ek mkem emue uek kfcrk fcrk,, sbh bhc c ek rk rkzzýh pr prëm ëmtbtbmmk, qud crb rbd dhtk htk ek kmmb mbýh ýh fd acro acrok k bhmchfbmbchkfk. De puhtc fd pkrtbfk fd ek âtbmk hc ds de lbdh qud kpdtdmdocs mcoc mrbk mrbktu turk rkss hk hktu turk rked eds, s, sb sbhc hc de fdld fdldrr qud qud rd rdmc mchc hcmd mdoc ocss bh bhtd tdrb rbcr crod odht htd d mc mcoc oc mrbkturks rkmbchkeds. Pcrqud de fdldr hc ds fdfumbled fde lbdh, sbhc qud de prcpbc lbdh y dspdmbabmc fd ek ocrke hc mchsbstd dh ctrk mcsk qud dh de muopebodhtc fde fdldr.

Mkrkmtdrïstbmks fde bopdrktbvc. Ecs bopdrktbvcs mktdnýrbmcs sch kqudeecs qud okhfkh k jkmdr kenc bhmchfbmbchkeodhtd. Dstcs dstëh ke sdrvbmbc fd ek prdsdrvkmbýh y prcocmbýh fd kqudeec qud pdrmblbocs mcoc uh vkecr klsceutc7 ek pdrschk, bhmeuydhfc ek fd uhc obsoc. Ek vdrfkfdrk ocrkebfkf supchd qud uh vdrfkfdrc dspdtc k ecs vkecrds qud dstëh bopeïmbtcs dh ek cldfbdhmbk k ecs bopdrktbvcs mktdnýrbmcs. Kmtukr  mchtrk tkeds bopdrktbvcs ds bhocrke, kuhqud pudfk mchfumbrhcs ke pekmdr c k ek adebmbfkf, pudstc qud eks mchfumtks qud deecs rdmcobdhfkh c prcjïldh sch eks qud ek rkzýh mchsbfdrk prcpbks c boprcpbks fd sdrds juokhcs.

³Mýoc pudfd ek rkzýh kyufkrhcs k fdsmulrbr muëeds sch ecs vdrfkfdrcs bopd bo pdrk rktbv tbvcs cs mk mktd tdný nýrb rbmc mcss y mýoc mýoc pcfd pcfdoc ocss fbst fbstbh bhnu nubr brec ecss fd ecs ecs qu qudd sbopedodhtd ec pkrdmdh, pdrc hc sch3 Dh ;dr eunkr ecs bopdrktbvcs ocrkeds sd jkeekh yk prdsdhtds dh ek vbfk mctbfbkhk, y qud hc sch uh bhvdhtc fd ecs abeýscacs. Ek obsbýh fd ek âtbmk ds fdsmulrbr ecs rksncs acrokeds qud fbmjcs bopdrktbvcs jkh fd pcsddr pkrk qud pdrmblkocs dh deek ek acrok fd ek e k rkzýh y qud, pcr tkhtc, sch hcroks ocrkeds. Pkrk skldr qud uhk hcrok ds uhk edy ocrke fkfk pcr ek rkzýh prkmtbmk y qud pudfd, pcr tkhtc, dxprdskrsd mcoc uh bopdrktbvc mktdnýrbmc (mcoc uh

 

okhfktc bhmchfbmbchkfc) Ikht hcs prcpchd uhk dspdmbd fd tdst, qud tbdhd = pkscs7 

Thbvdrskebfkf7 ―Clrkr sýec sdn÷h uhk oëxbok tke qud pudfks qudrdr ke obsoc tbdopc qud sd tcrhd dh edy uhbvdrske‟. Ds fdmbr, sdrë ek edy   ocrke kqudeek qud yc mrdc qud tcfcs ecs sdrds juokhcs fdldrïkh muopebr, pcrqud rdspdtk y prcocmbchk k sdrds qud hc vked pkrk ctrk mcsk (sdrds rd rdek ektbtbvk vko odhtd dhtd vke kebc bcsscs), cs), sbh bhc c qud sc sch h vke kebc bcsc scss dh sï ob obso socs cs (klsceutkodhtd vkebcscs).



]drds qud sch abhds dh sï obsocs7 ―Clrk fd tke ocfc qud trktds k ek juokhbfkf, tkhtc dh tu pdrschk mcoc k ek fd mukequbdr ctrc, mcoc uh  abh ke obsoc tbdopc u huhmk mcoc uh odfbc‟. ]drë edy ocrke ek qud clebnud k rdspdtkr k ecs sdrds qud tbdhdh uh vkecr klsceutc (sch vkebcscs dh sï y hc pkrk ctrk mcsk) y qud, pcr ec tkhtc, abhds dh sï obsocs y hc sbopeds odfbc. Pkrk Ikht ecs ÷hbmcs sdrds qud pcfdocs mchsbfdrkr qud sch abhds dh sï sch ecs sdrds rkmbchkeds.



Qkedr mcoc uhk hcrok pkrk uhk ednbsekmbýh uhbvdrske dh uh rdbhc fd

ecs abhds7 ―clrk pcr oëxboks fd uh obdolrc ednbsekfcr uhbvdrske dh uh pcsbled rdbhc fd ecs abhds‟ 

Pkrk pcfdr skldr sb uhk hcrok ds edy ocrke ds prdmbsc qud pcfkocs mcoprclkr sb qudrrïk qud dstuvbdrk vbndhtd dh uh rdbhc c scmbdfkf dh qud tcfcs ecs sdrds rkmbchkeds eednkrkh rdkeodhtd k trktkrsd dhtrd sï mcoc abhds y huhmk mcoc odfbcs. Ds fdmbr, qud hc sd okhbpuekrkh rdmïprcmkodhtd.

Ek ebldrtkf mcoc kutchcoïk y ek fbnhbfkf fd eks pdrschks. 

 Ke cldfdmdr bopdrktbvcs ocrkeds eks pdrschks oudstrkh rdspdtc k sï obsoks, pudstc qud hc sd trktk fd okhfktcs bopudstcs fdsfd kaudrk, sbhc rdmchcmbfcs dh mchmbdhmbk pcr uhc obsoc.



]b eks pdrschks scocs mkpkmds fd fkrhcs dstd tbpc fd edyds qud hcs pdrobtdh supdrkrk de dncïsoc y ksuobr ek pdrspdmtbvk fd ek uhbvdrskebfkf (;dr pksc), ds fdmbr, sb scocs mkpkmds fd pchdrhcs dh de eunkr fd mukequbdr ctrk pdrschk k ek jcrk fd fdmbfbr sb eks kmmbchds sch ocrkeds d bhoc bhocrk rked eds, s, dh dhtc tchm hmds ds dstd dstd ksuo ksuodh dh qu qud d sc scoc ocss pd pdrs rsch chks ks ebeblr lrds ds y

 

kutý ku týhc hcok oks. s. Kutý Kutýhc hcoc oc hc ds de qud qud sd rbnd rbnd pc pcrr su suss kp kpdt dtdh dhmb mbks ks d bhstbhtcs, sbhc qubdh sd rbnd pcr uh tbpc fd hcroks qud mrdd qud fdldrïk muopebr mukequbdr pdrschk, ed kpdtdzmk c hc muopebreks. 

Dstk ebldrtkf mcoc kutchcoïk, dstk mkpkmbfkf fd qud mkfk uhc pudfk eednkr k mchfumbrsd pcr eks hcroks qud su prcpbk mchmbdhmbk rdmchcmd mcoc uhbvdrskeds, ds ek rkzýh pcr ek muke rdmchcmdocs k ecs sdrds juokhcs uh vkecr klsceutc qud hc rdmchcmdocs k ecs fdoës sdrds qud jky dh de ouhfc.



Eks pdr drsc sch hks ks,, ec ecss sdr drds ds juo uokh khcs cs hc tbtbdh dhd d prdm rdmbc bc,, hc pudfdh dfdh bhtdrmkolbkrsd pcr uh dqubvkedhtd. Eks pdrschks hc tbdhdh prdmbc sbhc fbnhbfkf.



Ek ebl ebldr drtk tkf f mcoc pcsbl csblbebebf bfk kf fd fdmbf dmbfbr br pcr uhc ob obssoc ds ds,, dh mchsdmudhmbk, pkrk Ikht ek mukebfkf juokhk oës scrprdhfdhtd. Ikht fdadhfbý dstk pcsbmbýh pcr prbodrk vdz dh su pkrk auhfkodhtkmbýh fd ek odtkaïsbmk fd eks mcstuolrds.

]KLD\ FBKECNK\ DH ]D\BC7 EK V\KFBMBÝH FBKEÝNBMK. Ek trkfbmbýh fbkeýnbmk krrkhmk mch ]ýmrktds dh de sbnec Q k.m. Pkrk âe uhk pdrschk scek hc dhmchtrkrë ek vdrfkf hb de lbdh, sbhc qud hdmdsbtk fbkecnkr mch ctrks pkrk ecnrkrec. Ke abhke fde fbkecnc ds deek ek qud jk fd fdmbfbr quâ ds ec qud tbdhd pcr vdrfkfdrc y pcr ludhc, y hc dstkledmdr sus mrbtdrbcs sclrd ec qud fbnkh tcfcs c ek okycrïk. ]cocs sdrds fbkeýnbmcs pdrc tkolbâh kutýhcocs.  K pkrtbr fd ek fâmkfk fd ecs >0 Ikre Cttc Kpde y Gõrndh Jkldroks, hcs jklekh fd ek âtbmk fbsmursbvk.

Fd ek rkzýh prëmtbmk ochceýnbmk k ek rkzýh prkmtbmk fbkeýnbmk.  Kpde y Jkldroks mchtbh÷kh mch ek âtbmk Ikhtbkhk pdrc supdrkhfc eks bhsuabmbdhmbks. Ecs mrddfcrds fd ec qud sd eekok ―âtbmk fde fbsmursc‟ dstëh fd kmudrfc mch Ikht qud de ouhfc ocrke ds de ouhfc fd ek kutchcoïk juokhk, ds fdmbr, de fd kqudeeks edyds qud ecs sdrds juokhcs hcs fkocs k hcsctrcs obsocs obs ocs.. Pcr ec tkh tkhtc tc pcfdoc pcfdocss kmd kmdptk ptkrek rekss c rdm rdmjkz jkzkre kreks, ks, prc prcoue ouenkr nkrek ek sc klcebreks.

 

]bh dolkrnc fbabdrdh fd Ikht k ek jcrk fd fdtdrobhkr quâ sbnhbabmk ―hcs fkocs hudstrks prcpbks edyds‟. Ikht dhtbdhfd qud mkfk uhc fd hcsctrcs jk fd fdmbfb fdm bfbrr qud edyds mrd mrddh dh qud sch prcpbk prcpbkss fd eks pdrsc pdrschks hks,, dst dstcs cs kutcrd kutcrds, s, mchsbfdrk qud deec ec fdldh fdmbfbr ecs kadmtkfcs pcr deeks fdspuâs fd jkldr  mdedlrkfc uh fbkecnc dh mchfbmbchds fd rkmbchkebfkf. Ek rkzýh ocrke hc ds uhk rkzýh ochceýnbmk, sbhc uhk rkzýh prkmtbmk fbkeýnbmk7 uhk rkmbchkebfkf mcouhbmktbvk. Eks pdrschks hc fdldocs eednkr k ek mchmeusbýh fd qud uhk hcrok ds edy ocrke c ds mcrrdmtk bhfbvbfukeodhtd, sbhc k trkvâs fd uh fbkecnc. Pdrc hc k trkvâs fd mukequbdr fbkecnc, sbhc k trkvâs fd uh fbkecnc qud sd mdedlrd dhtrd ecs kadmtkfcs pcr eks hcroks y qud eednud k ek mchvbmmbýh pcr pkrtd fd tcfcs. Ds dvbfdhtd qud hc ds ksï mcoc sd fdmbfd sb uhk hcrok ds c hc mcrrdmtk, pdrc ds mcoc fdldrïk jkmdrsd. ]kld ]k ldrr mc mcop opcr crtk tkrs rsd d sb sbnh nhbababm bmk k fbke fbkecn cnkr kr dh sd sdrbc rbc k ek jcrk jcrk fd fd fdmb mbfb fbr  r  hcroks, tdhbdhfc dh mudhtk qud mukequbdr kadmtkfc pcr deek ds uh bhtdrecmutcr  vëebfc y mcoc tke jky qud trktkred. tr ktkred.

\dneks fde fbsmursc y tdst fd vkebfdz. Ek âtbmk fbkeýnbmk pkrtd fd uh jdmjc7 eks pdrschks krnuodhtkocs sclrd hcroks y hcs bhtdrdskocs pcr kvdrbnukr muëeds sch ocrkeodhtd mcrrdmtks. ]d fdld rdkebzkr uh fbkecnc qud tdhnk sdhtbfc, mcoc uhk l÷squdfk mccpdrktbvk fd ek gustbmbk y ek mcrrdmmbýh. Ek âtbmk fbsmursbvk sd dsaudrzk dh fdsmulrbr ecs prdsupudstcs qud jkmdh rkmbchke ek krnuodhtkmbýh, ecs qud jkmdh fd deek uhk kmtbvbfkf mch sdhtbfc. Ek âtbmk fbsmursbvk prcpchd scodtdr k eks hcroks k uh fbkecnc dhtrd ecs kadmtkfcs pcr ek obsok, fbkecnc qud rdmblbrë de hcolrd fd fbsmursc y sd ktdhfrë k kenuhks hcroks. Dstd prcmdsc prcpchd7 ;. [ud mukequ mukequbdr bdrk k qud prdt prdtdhf dhfk k krnuod krnuodhtk htkrr dh sdrbc scl sclrd rd hcrok hcrokss tbd tbdhd hd qud prdsupchdr7 [ud tcfcs ecs bhtdrecmutcrds mkpkmds fd mcouhbmkrsd sch vëebfcs, ds fdmbr, pdrschks y qud pcr tkhtc, mukhfc sd fbkecnk sclrd hcroks qud eds kadmtkh, sus

 

bhtdrdsds fdldh sdr dhtdhfbfcs dh mudhtk y fdadhfbfcs k pcfdr sdr, pcr deecs obsocs. [ud mukequbdr fbëecnc hc hcs pdrobtd fdsmulrbr sb uhk hcrok ds mcrrdmtk c hc, sbhc scec de qud sd ktdhnk k uhks rdneks fdtdrobhkfks, qud pdrobtdh mdedlrkrec dh mchfbmbchds fd sbodtrïk (bnukefkf) dhtrd ecs bhtdrecmutcrds. K dstd fbëecnc sd ed eekok fbsmursc.
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