PLM 316.pdf
March 2, 2017 | Author: Spirit | Category: N/A
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System R/3
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Release 4.6C
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April 2001
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Material Number 50045188
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Some software products marketed by SAP AG and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other software vendors.
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Microsoft®, WINDOWS®, NT®, EXCEL®, Word®, PowerPoint® and SQL Server® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
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IBM®, DB2®, OS/2®, DB2/6000®, Parallel Sysplex®, MVS/ESA®, RS/6000®, AIX®, S/390®, AS/400®, OS/390®, and OS/400® are registered trademarks of IBM Corporation.
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ORACLE® is a registered trademark of ORACLE Corporation.
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INFORMIX®-OnLine for SAP and INFORMIX® Dynamic ServerTM are registered trademarks of Informix Software Incorporated.
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UNIX®, X/Open®, OSF/1®, and Motif® are registered trademarks of the Open Group.
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HTML, DHTML, XML, XHTML are trademarks or registered trademarks of W3C®, World Wide Web Consortium, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
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JAVA® is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
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JAVASCRIPT® is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc., used under license for technology invented and implemented by Netscape.
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SAP, SAP Logo, R/2, RIVA, R/3, ABAP, SAP ArchiveLink, SAP Business Workflow, WebFlow, SAP EarlyWatch, BAPI, SAPPHIRE, Management Cockpit, mySAP.com Logo and mySAP.com are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP AG in Germany and in several other countries all over the world. All other products mentioned are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
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Preface-2
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3 days Structuring and Managing Technical Objects
5 days
Classification
3 days Maintenance Processing: Operational Functions
Investment Management
3 days Document Management System
3 days Preventive Maintenance and Service
Plant Maintenance
2 days
3 days
2 days The Cross Application Time Sheet (CATS)
3 days Maintenance Processing: Controlling and Reporting
3 days WCM Work Clearance Management
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You can generate a maintenance order in three ways: é In exceptional cases, owing to a breakdown or malfunction identified during production é As planned, resulting from the scheduling of object-based maintenance plans, in which the periodic due dates for inspection and maintenance work were determined é Through other scheduled maintenance plans, such as revisions, modifications, or new developments executed depending on requirements and capacity levels
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The maintenance order is thereby a critical integration object within the SAP components. It contains all the business information for monitoring the cost of maintenance activities.
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Based on the type of task (order type) and the processing stage, the values in the order can be differentiated according to costs, activities and settlements.
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Two views with differing levels of detail are used to monitor costs in the maintenance order: n
The cost report displays costs according to cost elements and thereby reflects the cost accounting view. You can also identify quantities here. Moreover, you can identify the amounts debited and credited during settlement.
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The cost overview displays the order costs in a condensed form, for example, after all the cost elements for stock materials have been combined into one value category for stock withdrawals. The focus here is more on displaying costs by type of resource rather than on account assignment of individual resources. You cannot identify quantities and credits here.
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Project definition and planning takes place in the Project Information System. The project structure (including the operational WBS elements, dates, costs, and budgets) is agreed here. In planning project-related maintenance work, you can use the link to the project system for two purposes: •
To coordinate the scheduling of complex projects
•
To monitor and control financial resources for complex projects
If you assign a maintenance order to a WBS element, you can: •
Copy the dates of the WBS element as basic dates for the order
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Copy the budget of the WBS element as available funds to be compared to the planned order costs
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If you are carrying out project-based maintenance orders, the link between the order and the WBS element enables you to perform an active availability check on the financial resources that have been allocated. Planned and actual values are checked against the budget at WBS element level.
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You cannot divide the budget among individual orders at this level.
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Scheduling, budget planning and monitoring of schedules and budgets is performed at the level of the respective WBS element.
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Scheduling and planning of resources for individual tasks is performed at the level of the respective order, with reference to the deadlines in the WBS element and in adherence to the budget.
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Project-related maintenance tasks that are performed within the framework of a larger overall project are generally settled to WBS elements. The corresponding WBS element must be entered as the receiver in the settlement rule for this purpose.
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The actual order costs are thereby transferred to the WBS element, which means that the WBS element is credited while the order itself is debited with these costs.
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The balance of actual order costs equals 0 after full settlement while the actual costs of the WBS element are greater than 0.
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The Project Information System is available to you as an analysis tool for complex maintenance projects.
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The information system enables you to view and analyze project data from the perspective of capacity, dates or financial resources.
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In addition, the information system allows you to exchange project information with internal and external participants. The integration of MS Excel, MS Word and MS Project means that you can use data from your project for additional planning and calculation purposes or for planning your project decentrally.
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The information system for costs enables you to display actual data for budgets, costs and revenues as summaries and with differing levels of detail.
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The information base can be described as a data cube. You can define the axes for this data cube and navigate within it both horizontally and vertically. You can use a drilldown function to analyze and select the level of information you want to see.
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The UHSRUWWUHH is used for to gather all reports centrally within a component and arrange them in hierarchical order. The reports are the end nodes on the report tree. Different report types may be combined in a report tree.
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The VWUXFWXUHUHSRUW makes a comparison of planned/actual/budget/available values for projects, project hierarchies or WBS elements for all cost elements.
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The FRVWHOHPHQWUHSRUW can be used to evaluate the following objects in the project by cost element: Projects, WBS elements and networks.
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The OLQHLWHPUHSRUW enables you to evaluate single postings flexibly according to different criteria. For example, line item reports exist for planned, actual, committed and budgeted values for project costs, revenues and finances.
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The Investment Management module has few data objects of its own. Most have been borrowed from other applications.
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Plant Maintenance terms also used in Investment Management include "functional location", which you can enter as an attribute of an investment position and "order", which you can assign to an investment item.
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Investment orders and tasks (orders or projects) can be connected with one another using the option of integrated planning and budgeting.
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The assigned funds from purchase orders, invoices, internal services and so on are assembled on the capital investment measures. You can report on these values from an investment program perspective.
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Actual assignments are periodically settled to the receiver in cost accounting or, if capitalization is necessary, to the fixed assets under construction. Settlement is made to final assets after construction.
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During the usage phase, you can monitor maintenance costs using pieces of equipment or functional locations.
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This scenario assumes that no active availability check should be made for a budget that has been defined for an investment item, but rather that the funds budgeted should only be compared in the reporting of planned and actual values of the investment measures. Distribution of the budget of an investment item to the assigned maintenance orders is therefore not necessary.
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Planned and actual order costs will be aggregated according to the bottom-up principle using the reporting function in Investment Management and can therefore be compared with the appropriate budget.
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This scenario assumes that the budget for an investment item is distributed to the assigned maintenance orders. The budget defined at order level is used as the basis for an active availability check that is performed at order level. In principle, only the actual order costs are subject to this check - and, if commitments management is active, the share of planned costs for the commitment update.
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As in the first scenario, planned and actual order costs will be aggregated according to the bottom-up principle using the reporting function in Investment Management and can therefore be compared with the appropriate budget.
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This report provides the following business information: The planned value in the R/3 Investment Management module represents the funds requested by organizational units for the implementation of their capital investment measures, whereas the budget shows the funds actually approved. The report enables you to see which requested funds were approved in full for which organizational units, where cuts were made and the extent of these cuts.
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This report provides the following business information: The budget that has been assigned to the organizational units is distributed across specific investment measures. Some of these measures have either not been created as orders or projects in the system or, at the very least, have not been budgeted. The discrepancy between the budget for the measures and that for the superior program item in the hierarchy indicates how much of the budget can be distributed on investment measures, or whether you, as the person responsible for your budget, have already fully distributed your budget.
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You use the IOH[LEOHDQDO\VHV in the LIS as a program generator. To do this, you describe the menucontrolled form and content of the required list and the system generates the program in the background after you have pressed the appropriate button. The resulting list is quite basic but still offers a variety of options for interactive processing.
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The IOH[LEOHDQDO\VLV function offers the following DGYDQWDJHV compared to the VWDQGDUGDQDO\VLV:
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You can use this technique to merge characteristics and key figures from different info structures or Data Dictionary tables in a list.
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You can choose between different layout variants.
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You can calculate new key figures for existing key figures using formulas you yourself have defined.
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The function "Evaluation" enables you to describe a report function in the LIS. A program object is concealed behind the term "Evaluation" which controls data preparation and retrieval.
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You can select characteristics and key figures using a "pick-up" technique. Similarly, you can define the list layout using a simple selection.
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You require an "evaluation structure" in the LIS to control the data retrieval for evaluations. They describe the possible data sources for your evaluations. These data sources can either be LQIRUPDWLRQ VWUXFWXUHV or normal '',&WDEOHV.
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An evaluation structure basically contains a list of characteristics and key figures, though these may come from different physical database tables.
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The name of the evaluation structure must begin with ’ZF’ (for example: ZFMARA).
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Evaluations are created with reference to evaluation structures. The characteristics and key figures of an evaluation structure are possible rows and columns in your evaluation list.
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Report writer objects are generated at the same time as evaluation structures and evaluations; they serve as libraries for evaluation structures and reports.
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A list of data that can be modified and interpreted by a variety of functions appears at data presentation level when you perform an evaluation.
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For every info structure in the Logistics Information System, there automatically exists an evaluation structure of the same name in which all key figures and information structures are indexed. You can therefore easily create evaluations for both standard and self-defined information structures, without first having to create an evaluation structure.
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The above slide shows how to proceed from the physical database - in this case, an information structure - to the data presentation for a simple example. The data in this example does not come from different data sources and the evaluation structure will already have been created during the creation of the info structure.
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SAP AG 2001
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In addition to selecting individual characteristics and key figures, you also have further layout options at your disposal.
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You can modify the position of characters in a list using the evaluation category. This enables you to define column comparisons of characteristics per key figure, of key figures per characteristic, or define a characteristic for selection only. You can define the evaluation category for several characteristics, but only one column comparison is ever possible for a particular characteristic.
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You can take the subsequent list layout into account in the layout control function for checking purposes.
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You can use formulas to calculate values for newly-defined key figures from the values of existing key figures. Their position in the subsequent list can be changed after the formula has been created using the key figures function.
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You can define numerous layout parameters, such as line texts, line totals, number and date format when creating the evaluation. However, you can also adapt this parameter when printing the list.
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SAP AG 2001
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You can use the EWS interactively in standard analyses or run it periodically in the background.
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If you use the system interactively, the warning situation will either be highlighted in a different color in standard analyses or filtered in the exception analysis function. This enables you to recognize warning situations at an early stage.
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In the case of periodical analyses, the list of exception data is automatically sent to the desired recipient by fax, mail or workflow.
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Planning background jobs in periodic analyses removes the need to use an interactive search function to look for exception situations. The dataset is systematically searched for exception situations at a frequency determined by you (hourly, daily, weekly or monthly). Should an exception occur, you can be informed by mail, fax or workflow and so begin subsequent processing.
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Periodic analysis can take place in two ways:
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System-driven: The entire dataset to be selected is checked for exception situations. Use: Monthly closing report - gives an overview of exception data.
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Event-driven: Only data that has changed since the last review is read and checked. The exception triggers an HYHQW. You must define this event in the %XVLQHVV:RUNIORZ, triggering a workflow. Use: Monitoring of current operation over short intervals. You can find further information about events in the online help - %DVLV%XVLQHVV0DQDJHPHQW6$3%XVLQHVV:RUNIORZ.
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You should be aware of the following restrictions when executing periodic analyses: Only one periodic analysis can be created for each exception. You must therefore decide between a systemdriven or event-driven analysis. Although you can create a number of exceptions for an info structure, you can still only create one event-driven analysis for each info structure.
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You select the decisive key figures for defining an exception situation from the key figures for the info structure.
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You can define several requirements for one or more key figures. You can define WKUHHW\SHVRI UHTXLUHPHQWV in this case:
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([DPLQDWLRQRIWKUHVKROGYDOXHV: The key figure values that either exceed or fall short of a defined threshold value are identified, for example, value of incoming order > 200,000.
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Examination of trend: Those key figure values that show a specified (for example, negative) trend are identified.
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Planned/actual comparison: The key figures, for which actual values deviate from planned values by more than a specified percentage (for example, 10%), are identified.
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The different requirements that you have defined can be linked to one another using "and" or "or".
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You can select all the characteristics of an info structure when defining the characteristics for an exception.
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In this case, it is important to know that you define the aggregation level at which the exception check takes place when selecting the characteristics. The key figure check always takes place at the lowest characteristic level.
n
You use the sequence of selected characteristics to set the standard drilldown sequence in a standard analysis that starts with the exception.
n
You have the option of only allowing the requirements for certain characteristic values to be checked. By clicking on the selected characteristic, you display a selection screen where you can specify the restriction. This is important if you select a large quantity of data in a subsequent analysis but still want to restrict the checking of requirements to certain characteristic values.
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SAP AG 2001
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During subsequent processing, you determine whether the exception is active for the standard and/or periodic analysis.
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Moreover, you determine the color in which the exception values that are derived from the requirements should be highlighted in the standard analysis.
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You can also define the type of further processing for the result of a periodic analysis (workflow, mail, distribution list or fax).
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In view of the picture we have just painted, SAP has decided to produce its own Data Warehouse solution that aligns the reporting tasks as a stand-alone business component and even assign it a separate server with its own database and SAP System - the SAP Business Information Warehouse.
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All of the requirements and objectives mentioned above have been met in the conception and architecture of the SAP Business Information Warehouse.
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A decisive advantage of the SAP Business Information Warehouse is the fact that all of the business know-how from over 25 years of software development in the commercial environment is evident in the form of a meta data repository in the Business Information Warehouse.
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SAP R/3 Systems can be configured as OLTP systems and supply the SAP Business Information Warehouse with all of the SAP Business Content in the form of so-called InfoSources. We will be going into these interrelations in greater detail in this course.
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BW uses a multi-level architecture to provide the maximum degree of flexibility.
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BW can extract and use data provided by a variety of sources. These include R/3 and R/2 systems, non-SAP systems, flat files, commercial data providers and even other BW systems.
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The BW server provides all the necessary tools to model, extract, store and access the data. Since the description of the data, regardless of source, is contained in a common meta data repository, data from a variety of sources can be combined for enhanced analysis possibilities.
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Users of BW can access the data through the SAP-supplied Business Explorer, or use third-party presentation tools which are certified for use with a common BAPI interface.
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BW uses an open architecture, allowing the use of third party data extraction tools, reporting tools and even third-party sources of data. These tools must pass complete certification testing before they are approved for use with BW.
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This graphic provides a more detailed view of the BW architecture.
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For R/3 source systems, SAP provides a range of production data extractor programs to simplify the task of using R/3 data.
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For non-R/3 systems, the customer can either develop their own extractor programs, or use one of the certified third-party tools available.
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On the BW server, data is stored in one or more InfoCubes. Additionally, the operational data store, or ODS, can be used to store the raw incoming data. The InfoCatalog serves as a repository for query results.
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The Business Explorer consists of two tools; the Business Explorer Analyzer that is used to create and run queries, and the Business Explorer Browser that is used to retrieve existing reports from the InfoCatalog.
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© SAP AG
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6-45
3ODQW0DLQWHQDQFH,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHP 8QLW 6XPPDU\ Choose characteristics (for example, field catalog for order header - characteristics)
Button &KRRVHNH\ILJXUHV > Choose key figures (for example, field catalog for order header - key figures)
Choose *HQHUDWH symbol >> answer query about development class with /RFDO REMHFW button -
>> Info structure is created
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Info structure S666, Update group 26
Choose Generate symbol, then $FWLYDWHXSGDWH button
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Position cursor on line containing info structure S666, and call up detail screen
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>> Period - month, activate asynchronous update (2)
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Confirm and save
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Select 6HWXS3ODQW0DLQWHQDQFH ,6 line
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Enter info structure S666; save under version &(
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Execute >> a dialog box appears: [ records converted
An analysis can be performed with the new info structure under the following path: SAP menu → Logistics → Plant Maintenance → Information System → Standard Analyses → User-Defined Analysis
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.H\ILJXUHV button > Choose key figures
Position cursor on 7RWDOSODQQHGFRVWV key figure and choose button ,QVHUW)RUPXOD Enter name 9DULDQFH
Enter an open round bracket in entry line;
then double-click on 7RWDODFWXDOFRVWV key figure; enter minus symbol; then double-click on 7RWDOSODQQHGFRVWV key figure; enter a closed round bracket then a forwards slash; double-click on 7RWDOSODQQHGFRVWV key figure; enter * 100; confirm 6-3-2 6$3PHQX→/RJLVWLFV→3ODQW0DLQWHQDQFH→,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHP→)OH[LEOH $QDO\VHV→(YDOXDWLRQ→([HFXWH Evaluation structure:
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Enter EX##, description and info structure S061
Button &KRRVHFKDUDFWHULVWLFV, select 0DLQWHQDQFHSODQW characteristic and copy Position cursor on 0DLQWHQDQFHSODQW characteristic and &KDUDFWHULVWLFYDOXHV button > Enter value 1000 &RQGLWLRQV button, enter currency UNI
Button &KRRVHNH\ILJXUHV, select 7RWDODFWXDOFRVWV key figure and copy
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>> Activate threshold analysis, confirm and enter condition > 1,000,000
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For the periodic analysis, activate $FWLYHIRUSHULRGLFDQDO\VLV and 6HQGPDLO; enter LO816-## as address
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Save exception
6-4-3 6$3PHQX→/RJLVWLFV→3ODQW0DLQWHQDQFH→,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHP→(DUO\ :DUQLQJ6\VWHP→3HULRGLF$QDO\VLV→$UHDWR$QDO\]H→&UHDWH Enter exception EX##, activate 6\VWHPGULYHQ, button &UHDWH
Enter and create variant name VAR##; confirm next screen; the required values (maintenance plant 1000, exception EX## and currency UNI) are already proposed; continue with F3; enter a description for the variant; save and go back using F3
© SAP AG
LO816
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'DWHWLPH button, enter current date and time + 10 minutes; activate 5HIUHVK SHULRGLFDOO\; 3HULRGYDOXHV button > daily; save; Check the status of actual costs by executing location analysis manually and, if necessary, create an order that exceeds the limit value accordingly.
© SAP AG
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6-63
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SAP AG 2001
© SAP AG
LO816
Appendix-1
&XVWRPL]LQJ3DWKV 2UGHU&RQWUROOLQJDQG5HSRUWLQJ Access to Customizing: SAP menu → Tools → AcceleratedSAP → Customizing → Edit Project
6$35HIHUHQFH,0* button
)LHOG1DPHRU'DWD7\SH Settlement profile for order type
Maintain settlement profile
Settlement Rule for Sub-Orders
Indicate order types for investment measures
Valuation variant
Budget – rules for availability check
Define budget profile
© SAP AG
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Appendix-2
Assign budget profile to order type
Definition of customer-specific key figures
Definition of value categories
Create field catalog
Define update rules
Create information structure
Define investment profile
Costing sheet
Costing variant
© SAP AG
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LO816
Appendix-3
Cost profile
Cost estimate version
PMIS set-up
Commitments management for order type
Define transfer of project number
Define transfer of investment program
Currency for maintenance statistics
Time for maintenance of settlement rule
© SAP AG
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LO816
Appendix-4
Assignment of IM assignment key to order type
Assignment of cost elements to value categories
Assignment of value categories to cost key figures
© SAP AG
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LO816
Appendix-5
View more...
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