PLE Microbiology Cheat Sheet

MOD’s MICROBIOLOGY CHEAT SHEET Type PROTOZOAN Entamoeba Histolytica

Infective Stage

Dx Stage

Mature cyst

Immature, mature and trophozoite

Giardia Lamblia

Cyst

Cyst and troph

“falling leaf” motility Crytosporidium Parvum Trichenella Vaginalis

Thicked walled oocyst Troph only Sporozoites

Troph (ringed form)

Taxoplasma Gondii IH: Man DH: CAT Trypanopasoma Cruzii (Chaga’s Disease/American Sleeping Disease) Agent: Reduvid Bug (kissing bug) painless Trypanosoma Brucei (American Sleeping Disease) – demyelinating encephalitis agent: Tsetse fly painful (glossina)

Oocyst (fecal)

GS: Smear Thick: check (+) Thin: ID Species Troph (bradyzoite)

Metacyclic trypomastigote

Blood trypomastigote

Metacyclic trypomastigote

Blood trypomastigote

CESTODES Taenia Solium (Pork) and Taenia Saginata (Beef) “Beef/Pork Tapeworm” Diphlyobotrium Latum “Fish Tapeworm” Echinococcus Granulosis (Hydatid Disease) IH: sheep/man DH: dog TREMATODES Schistosoma Japonicum “Oriental Blood Fluke” IH: Oncomelania Nipensis Quadrasi Paragonimus Westermani “Lung Fluke” IH:Snail: Antamelania Asperata *Crab: Sundathelupsa Philippina Clonorchis Sinensis and Opistorchis Viverrini “Asian Liver Fluke” IH: Snail (Parafossarulus) IH: Fish (Cyprinidae) NEMATODES Ascaris Lumbricoides “Round worm” LOEFFLER Syndrome

Metronidazole Diloxanide Furoate: asymp cyst carriers Metronidazole Nitazoxanide Metronidazole

Plasmodium IH: Man DH: Anopheles Flavirostris

Dinoflagellites

Treatment

Posterior kinetoplast, undulating membrane, anteriorflagellum Pyrodinium Banavontic Variation: compression

Choloroquine, Primaqine (only tissue schizonte) Quinine, Co-artem (Phil) Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine (like TMP-SMX) Nifurtimox

Surmin (not cross BBB) + Melarsoprol (cross BBB)

Activated charcoal

Notes Anchovy Smell Clue Cells, Rotten Egg smell, Steatorrhea, Malabsorption, Backpackers Diarrhea Autoinfection, HIV patients Greenish Foul Smelling Disharges, Strawberry Cervix Relapse: Vivax and Ovale Recrudescence: Malarie and Falciparum Young RBC: vivax and ovale Old RBC: Malariae TORCH infections Intracranial Calcifications Megacolon Megaesophagus Myocarditis Romania’s Sign (periorbital edema) Cyclical fever due to antigenic variation Mott Cells Winterbottom Sign Kerandel Sign East: gamebiense West: rhodesiense (more fatal) Paralytic: SAXItoxin Neurotoxic: BREVEtoxin Diarrhetic: Okadaic Acid Amnseic: Domoic Acid

Cystecerci Eggs: T. Solium

Gravid proglotids

Praziquantel

Neurocystocercosis “swiss cheese” appearance in brain (T. Solium)

Plenocercoid larvae Embryonated egg

Unembryonated egg

Praziquantel

Vit B12 Deficeincy

Hydatid cyst

Albendazole

PAIR Procedure (Puncture, Aspirate, Inject 95% Alchohol, Reaspirate)

Cercaria

Egg feces - Kato Katz

Praziquantel Best: vector control

Swimmers Itch Katayama Fever Snail fever/bilharziasis

Metacercaria

Unembryonated egg - 3% NaOH

Praziquantel

Closely resemble PTB

Metacercari

Unembryonated egg

Praziquantel

Cholangiocarcinoma

- direct fecal smear

Dx: Potassium per Manganate Stain

Embryonated egg - ingest eggs

Fertilized eggs - fecal smear and kato-katz

Albendazole

Major Damage due to LARVAL MIGRATION Tissue rxn: LUNGS

Necator Americanus and Ancylostoma Duodenale “Hook Worms”

Filariform larvae -penetrate skin

Eggs in feces - fecal smear and kato-katz

Albendazole + Fe Replacement

0.25cc/worm/day microcytic, hypochrominc anemia TRANSPULMO Stage

Trichuris Trichuria “Whip Worm”

Embryonated egg

Umembryonated egg - fecal smear and kato-katz

Mebendazole

Barrel Shaped/Chinese Lantern Eggs with BIPOLAR plugs RECTAL PROLAPSE

Embryonated egg -inhaled and ingested

D eggs on perianal fold - Graham Scotch Tape Test Rhabtidiform larvae - Harada Mori

Pyrantel Pamoate

Oxyuriasis Pruritus Ani  Autoinfection most common soil transmitted helminth in developed countries Larva Crurens HYPERINFECTION of LUNGS Autoinfection

Infective larvae intestinal nematode

Umembryonated egg - fecal smear and kato-katz

Albendazole

3rd stage of larva -mosquito bite

Microfilariae (curved/kinky) - thick blood smear

Diethylcarbama zine (DEC)

No anemia, No Transpulmo stage Enterobius Vermicularis “Pin worm, Sectoral worm” Strongyloides Stercoralis “ Thread Worm” facultative parasites Capillilaria Philippenensis “Pudok Worm” migratory bird Wuchereria Bancroftyi and Brugia Malayi

Filariform larvae -penetrate skin -ground itch

Ivermectin

Peanut shaped with Flattened bipolar plugs BORBORGYMUS and Protein Losing Enteropathy Meyes Kouvemar Bodies in LUNGS Expatriate syndrome, chyluria MOST DEBILITATING and has nocturnal

Filariasis and LOA LOA Trichinella Spirallis Undercooked pork IH:PIGS

and DEC test Encysted Larvae - muscle biopsy (striated muscle)

Thiabendazole

periodicity 8pm-4am W.Bancroftyi:Hydrocele Malayi:Elephantiasis MCC of death: RESP. FAILURE Nurse cells Respiratory Respiratory Myositis