PlantNames
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PLANT NAMES
WITH A VIEW TO A_. PPVJgpn EDITION
"^ilii^r—
^ The Author
Jfc
,jft
of **PIant
v*
-^
.J*
Names and Synonyms'*
re-
any one who finds omitted from the list of populai synonyms any name in actual use in any part of the United States, shall communicate such omission quests that
to
him at
cause' it
is
once, at the address below.
misapplied. is
known
should be
Do
not delay be-
only a single name, or because the If possible state in
to be in use.
made
in
names
Any
what
name is name
region the
other corrections that
or in statements of fact will
be gratefully received.
A. B. Laboratory of
NELSON, BAKER
&
DETROIT, MICH.
CO.,
LYONS.
^m
PLANT NAMES SCIENTIFIC INCLUDING
IN
AND POPULAR
THE CASE OF EACH PLANT
CORRECT BOTANICAL NAME IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE REFORMED NOMENCLATURE,
TOGETHER WITH BOTANICAL AND
POPULAR SYNONYMS AND VERNACULAR GERMAN, FRENCH AND SPANISH NAMES. THE LIST COMPRISES ALL IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH THEIR PHARMACOPOEIAL NAMES, THE PRINCIPAL FOOD PLANTS OF THE WORLD AND ALL OTHERS OF ANY ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE, GIVING ESPECIAL PROMINENCE TO THOSE WHICH ARE INDIGENOUS IN THE UNITED STATES.
COMPILED FROM THE MOST AUTHENTIC SOURCES
—BY— A. B.
LYONS, M. D
vSW YORK DETROIT.
NELSON, BAKP:K &
X.
K C TA N
CO., Publi^Heb^,
"N^-
, '
I
C
„.-%., ~ ^- ^Z^ P
.^
OKI .1^
Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1900
By In the
r>ffice
a. B. Lyons, M. D.
of the Librarian of Congress at AVashington, D. C.
PREFACE Plum svnouomy Every plant -can
a
is
last-inatiug but
As a matter
have only one such.
iiK»t imrioate study.
of fact there are fevr plants
and over rechristened by
that have not been over
each one maintaining that his
is its
only really
Out of the endless confusion there
tion.
a
supposed to have a ''correct" botanical name, and
is
is at
scientific botanists, '
designa-
'correct' '
last
emerging order
4\nd uniformity.
At the Botanical Congress held -was
adopted that the
definitely
should be in every case the name definition
and description
1.
at Paris in
first
it
of a plant
(with suitable
This rule has necessitated
changes in the current nomenclature. reformed nomenclature.
applied to
provided that name had not been pre-
A'iously applied to another plant.
book have been brought
1867 the principle
scientific designation
The names adopted
many
in this
with the
as far as possible into accordance
In the case of our indigenous plants, the
names given by Britton and BroAvn
in their recently published
"Flora
of the Northern States and Canada, have been adopted with very
few exceptions
as
conforming to the new
rules.
The attempt has
been made to adhere to the principle also in the case of exotic
^^
plants, but
CJ> thorities.
it
has not been always possible to consult original au-
In a number of inst;mces where the
new rule requires name which have undoubtedly been already made by but for which authority could not be found, my own name
rOPULAR.
A.CONiTl]M,Tv. Monkshood, AVolfsbane,etc. Raniiuculaceae. The ancient Greek name. Ornamental, but poisonous perenAbout 18 species, mounnial herbs resembling Delphinium. tainous regions of north temperate zone; 7 in U. S.
25.
a.
lo
A. Anthora Lin.
Europe.
Yellow Helmet-flower.
Hoot
bit-
ter, tonic.
b.
A. Cllineiise Siebold and ( c. ) A. Japoiiicuiu Thuuberg, yield (d. ) A. respectively the Chinese and Japanese Aconite roots, FischerLKeich. of Japan is, however, more active than either of these.
e.
f.
g.
A. ferox Wallich (A. virosum Don). Himalaya mountains. Indian Aconite, Bish, Bishma, Bikh-root; Fr. Aconit feroce (Codex ). Root even more active than that of (i. A. heterophylluiu Wallich. Himalaya mountains. Atis. tonic,^ febrifuge, not acrid. A. Lycoctoniini L.
Europe.
Root
Great Yellow Wolfsbane, BadLeaves used
gei-'s-bane, Bear's-bane, Hare's-bane, Beast-bane.
as a pot h.
A.
palmatum Don.
bitter,
r.
herb in Lapland. India.
Px^oot,
called
Bishma or Bikhma,
not acrid.
A. Napellus L.
(
A. variabile Hayne, A. vulgare
DC).
Moun
Aconite, Monkshood, Monkeyt, Wolfsbane^ Friars'-cap, Friars' -cowl, Cuckoo's-cap, Face-in-hood Jacob' s-chariot, Blue-rocket, 01d-wives-mutches||, IMousebane, tains of
Europe and Asia.
Wolfroot; Ger. Eisenhut, Sturmhut;Fr. Aconit ^Slapel (Codex). The tuberous root, Aconitum, U. S. P., Aconiti radix Br., Tubera The Arterial and nervous sedative, anodyne. aconiti, P. G. principal alkaloid, aconitine, is one of the most active poisons known. Leaves, Aconiti folia, Br., much inferior in activity to the tubers. j.
k.
A. reclinatum A. Gray. bane or Monkshood.
uncinatum L. Pennsylvania Wild Monkshood or Wolfsbane.
A.
26.
ACORUS,
-
L.
Trailing Wolfs-
Virginia to Georgia.
to Georgia, west to \\'isconsin.
Sweet Flag.
-
Araceae.
Reed-like plants with thick root-stocks. of Japan, the other of north temperate zone.
The Greek name. Only 2 a.
species, 1
Europe, Asia and K. America. Sweet Flag, A. CaLanms L. Calamus, Calmus (New Jersev), Sweet Cane, Sweet Grass, Sweet Mvrtle, Sweet Push, Sweet 'Sedge, Sweet Segg, Sweet root. Cinnamon Sedge, Mvrtle Flag, Myrtle Grass, Myrtle Sedge, Beewort;Ger. Kalmus; Fr. Acorevrai, (Codex), Acoreodorant; The Rhizome, Calamus, V. S. P.; Sp. Ital. Calamo aromatico. Rhizoma Calami, P. G., Radix acori, Rad. calami aromatici. Aromatic, stimulant, carminative.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
14
27.
ACROSTICHUM, From part.
Greek,
A large
L. Acrostichum. Polypodiaceae. meaning not evident. Syn. Chrysodium, in evergreen fern. One species. Mai-shes in tro-
pical regions (Florida).
28.
ACTAEA.
L.
Baneberry, Cohosh.
Raimiicnlaceae.
Greek name of the Eldei*. Perennial herbs with compound leaves. Four species, north temperate zone; 3 in U. S. A. dlba ( L. ) Mill. (A. spicata var. alba L. ). British America, south to Georgia and Missouri. White Cohosh, "White Baneberry, Herb Christopher, Kattlesnake-herb, Xecklace-weed, Blue Cohosh, White-beads, White Grapewort, White-berry, Snakeroot*. Rhizome of this and the two following species acrid,
n.
eraeto-cathartic, parasiticide. b.
A. riibra ( Ait. ) Willd. ( A. spicata var. rubra Ait. ) Canada and northeastern U. S. Ked Cohosh, Eed Bane-berry, Coral-andpearl. Poison-berry, Red-berry, Red-berry Snakeroot, Snakeberry, Toad-root, Herb Christopher, Rattlesnake-herb.
c.
A. spicata L. Europe and Asia. Baneberry, Herb Christopher, Grapewort, Rattlesnake-herb, Scalbegres|| Ger. Christophswurz, Wolfswurz; Fr. Racine de Saint Christophe. ;
29.
AdTINOLEPIS,
A. Gray.
Actinolepis.
Coui posit*.
From Greek, "ray scale." Syn. Eriophyllum, in part. Low winter-annuals. Five known species, all of California. 30.
ACTINOSPERMUM, Ell. 1824.
Actinospermura. Compositae Greek, "ray seed." Syn. Baldwina, jSTutt. 1818 [not Baldwinia, Raf. 1818, although this name lias been commonly applied. ] Annual or perennial herbs with large yellow-rayed flower heads. Two species, both of southeastern U. S.
From
;]1.
32.
ACUAN, Med.
Theod., 1786. Mimosa. Miuiosacea?. Vernacular name. Syn. Desmanthus, Willd. 1806 and Darlingtonia, DC. 1825. Perennial herbs or Mimosa-like shrubs. About 12 species, all but one of New World; 10 of Mexican border, U. S.
ADANS6nIA, L. Baobab, etc. Boinbacete (Malvace*). Named for Michal Adanson, French naturalist, d. 1806. Syn. Baobab, Adans., Ophelus, Lour. species,
Trees.
Three known
Old World.
a.
A. digitdta L. Tropical Africa, nat. in East and West Indies. Baobab, Calabash-tree, African Cream-of-tartar tree, Ethiopian Sour-gourd tree. Fruit, Monkey-bread, Bread-nut, Sour -gourd; Ger. Afienbrod; Fr. Pain des Singes. Acidulous, refrigerant as in the following species. Bark reputed febrifuge.
\\
A. Gre^orii F. Muell. Australia. ian Baobab or Sour-gourd tree.
/«7.?
are Java
Cardamom.
g.
A. Mel('g:ueta Koscoe. Western Africa. *S'e'ISACANTHUS, Nees. Anisacanthus. Acautliaceae. From Greek, "unequal Acanthus", Syn. Drejera, Birnbau-
137.
mia, in part. Shrubby plants. borders; 3 in U. S.
About 6
species,
Mexico and
its
138.
ANISOCARPUS, From
Herbs.
139.
Xutt.
Compositae.
Anisocarpus. Syn.
Greek,
"unequal fruited".
About 5
species, Pacitic Coast, IT. S.
Madia,
in
part.
Tor. & Gr. Anisocoma. Cichoriaceae. Greek, "with unequal hairs", alluding to the pappus. Pterostephanus, Kellogg. Low scapose annual. One
ANIS6C0MA, From
Syn.
species, California to
.
140.
Nevada.
ANON A, From
L. (Annona) vernacular Malay
Custard- apple,
name,
with fleshy, sometimes edible,
Auonaeeae.
Trees
or shrubs
fruits.
a.
A. Cherimolia Mill. (A. tripetala Ait. ). Cherimoyer, Cherimolia. cal countries.
b.
A. muricata L.
c.
etc.
Menoiuu
Peru, cult, in tropiFruit esculent.
Sour- sop; Fr. Corassol epineux "West Indies. Fruit acid, not highly Corassol grand, Cachiman epineux. Leaves vulnerary. Seeds astringent. valued.
A. paliistris L. West Indies and tropical Africa. AlligatorWood spongy, used for corks. Fruit apple, Cork -wood tree. reputed poisonous.
d.
A. reticulata L. Sugar- apple; Fr. highly esteemed.
e.
A. squamosa L. tal Custard-apple,
Seeds parasiticide.
West Indies. Custard-apple, Petit Corassol, Mamilier. Juice of tree acrid.
East Indies.
Bullock's- heart, Fruit esculent,
Sweet-sop, Sugar-apple, Orien-
Cachiman; Fr. Atocire, Pomme-canelle, Atte. Unripe fruit astringent.
Anoda. Malvaceae. ANODA, Cav. Herbs. About 15 species, Avarmer regions of America; 7 in southwestern U. S.
141.
142.
Evening Primrose. Oiiagraceae. ANOGRA, Spach. Name a transliteration of Onagra. Syn. Oenothera, in part.
Herbs with showy white or pink N. America; 9 in U. S.
flowers.
About 10
species,
SCIENTIFIC
ANREDERA,
lis. U.
One
a.
species,
West
Chenopodiaeeae. Indies to southeastern
S.
ANTENNARIA,
Gaertn.
Named from
^
37
Anredera.
Juss.
Herbaceous climber.
144.
AND POPULAR.
Everlasting.
pappus
Compositae.
"antennae" of an insect. Perennial woolly herbs. About 36 species, north temperate zone and South America; 23 in U. S. 'I he plants are mildly bitter and aromatic, and are esteemed vulnerary. likeness of Syn. Gnaphalium, in part.
to
A. dioica (L. ) Gaertn. (Gnaphalium dioicum L. ). Northern Europe, Asia and X. America, south to New ]\Iexico and California. Mountain Cudweed, Mountain or Moor Everlasting, Cat's-ear, Cat's foot, Cai's-paws, Cotton-weed; Ger. Weisse oder Kothe Katzenpfotchen (lmmortellen);Fr. Pied de chat (Codex). Fioiver-heads, Elores gnaphalii, Flores pedis cati.
b.
A. plautaffinifolia (L.
)
Eichards (G. plantaginifolium L.,
A
Canada and eastern U. S. Plantain leaf Parlinii Fernald). Everlasting or Cud- weed, Mouse-ear Everlasting; Spring, Early or Pearly Everlasting, Pussy-toes, Dog-toes, Four-toes, A\'hite Indian or Woman's Tobacco, Ladies' Tobacco, Plantain, Love's-test, Piniushion, Poverty-weed. 145.
AXTHEMIS,
L.
Camomile,
Compositae,
etc.
The Greek name
of Camomile. Syn. Maruta, Chamomilla, Herbs with pinnatitied or dissected leaves and rather in part. About 100 species, Old World 5 nat. in large flower-heads. ;
U. a.
b.
S.
A. arvensis L. Europe, mile), Field Camomile.
nat. in
U.S.
Corn Camomile (Chamo-
Europe and northern Asia, A. Cotiila L. (Maruta Cotula DC. ). May weed. Dog's Camonat. in U. S. and widely elswhere. mile, Fetid or Stinking Camomile, Fetid May-weed, Bald-eyebrow, Balderbrse:}:, Balders, Chigger-weed, Dog or Horse Daisy, Pig-sty or Poison Daisy, Dillweed, Dillidillweed, Dog-fennel, Dog-tinkel, Dog-banner, Dog-binder, Dog Camovyne, Fieldwort, Flowan, Hog-fennel, Jay-weed, Madder^", ]\Iaden-weed. Mathes, Morgan, Murg; Ger. (i. e. Mayweed), Maise, Marg, Stinkkamillen.
c.
A. nobilis L.
(C. nobilis
Godr.
).
Europe,
cult,
in
Great Brit-
Germany, Fnince and Belgium, cult, and adv. in l^. vS. Garden, English, White or Low Camomile (Chamomile, Camomiue, Camovynei, Camil), Scotch Camomile form with"single" Roman Camomile (form with 'double" flowers), flowers), Ground-apple, Whig-plant; Ger. Romische Kamille; Fr. Camoain,
(
Fioivcr-heads, mille romaine (Codex); Sp. Manzanilla romana. Anthemis, U. S. P., Anthemidis flores, Br., Flores Chamomillse See Matricaria. romanse, stimulant tonic, stomachic, nauseant.
ANTHERK'UM, L. Syn. Phalangium, in part.
Anthericum. Liliaceae. Scapose herbs with fleshy fascicuAbout 60 species, mostly of Europe, Africa and late roots. Australia, a few American; 2 in LT. S.
14G.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
38
147.
ANTHOXANTHUM, From Greek,
2 nat. in U. a.
*
L. Vernal-Grass. Gramineae. About 5 species, Europe; 'yellow flowered".
S.
Europe, nat. in U. S. Sweet Vernal-grass, Plant Sweet-scented Grass, Spring-grass, Pig-grass, Prim-grass. fragrant, abounding in coumarin.
A. odoratuin L.
148.
A^THRISCUS,
Chervil.
Hoffin.
UmbelHferae.
Greek name
Syn. of an umbelliferous plant, perhaps (a). Parsley-like Cerefolium, Chaerophyllum, Scandix, in part. herbs. About 10 species, Old World; 3 nat. in U. S. a.
A. AutliriscilS (L. vulgaris Bernh. Rough Chervil.
b.
A. Cerefolium (L.
(Chaeropbyllura Anthriscus L., A. Bur-chervil, Hemlock-chervil, Europe. Plant dir^tinctly poisonous. )
).
)
Karst.
Hoffin. (Scandix Cerefolium L., Chaerophyl-
lum sativum Lam. ). Europe, sparingly nat. in eastern I'. S. Garden Chervil, Chervil (Chevorell), Beaked Parsley; Ger. Kernel, Gartenkerbel; Fr. Cerfeuil. Plant, Herba cerefolii v. chaerophylli, deobstruent, diuretic.
Foi«?(/ /cares iLsed in s dads,
etc.
c.
Europe. Wild Chervil, Wild Cicely, Ass-parsley, Cow-chervil, Cow- weed, Cow-mumble, Cow-pai-sley, Coney-parsley, Devil' s-parsley, Kettle-d(ick, Orchard- weed, Kabbit's-meat, Kat's-bane, Sweet-ash, White[Probably many of these synonyms belong more proweed. perly to (a)].
A. sylvestris (L. )Hoffm.
Wild Caraway,
A>THYLLIS,
149.
L.
Herbs or shrubs. a.
Kidney- Vetch, etc. Papiiionaceae. About 20 species. Old World.
Europe, western Asia and northern Africa. Woundwort, S(aunchwort, Cat's-claws, Craw-
A. Yulneraria, L. Kidney-vetch,
nsls, Crow's-foot,
Jupiter's-beard, Lady's-fingers, Lamb's-toes. fodder plant for sheep.
A
Plant styptic, vulnerary.
150.
ANTIARIS, Lesch. From vernacular, Java.
About 6 a.
b.
species, tropical
Sack-tree, etc.
Artocarpac*eam-weed, Western Wall-flower, Ger. Kolikwurzel.
Root emeto-cathartic, diaphoretic, altera-
tive.
b.
c.
A. cannabiinim L. British America and throughout most of Canadian Hemp, American or Black Indian Hemp, IJ. S. Indian Hemp*, Amy-root, Bo^v1nans-root* Bitter-root* Indian Physic, Ptheumatism-weed, Milk-weed* Wild Cotton: (xer, Indianischer Hanf, Canadischer Hanf, Hundt*kohl; Fr. Ch-invre Root emeto-cathartic, diaphoretic, expectorant. du Canada. A. hypericifoliiim Ait. (A. cannabium var. hypericifolium St. British America south to Ohio and New Mexico. Gray^). John's Dogbane?, Clasping-leaved Dogbane^. Often confounded with (b) which it closely resembles.
AP0DA5THERA,
101.
Perennial herbs.
Arn.
Apodanthera.
About 14
species,
Cuciirhitaceae.
tropical America; 1
in
U.S. 162. U.
APODA^THES,
Poit.
Minute
About 10
parasites.
Apodanthes. Cytinaceae. widely distributed; 1 in
species,
S.
APTERIA,
Apteria. Burnianiiiceae. Slender, practically leafless plants. varieties of a probably merely described, Thri'e or four species North America; 1 in U. S. single one.
163.
From Greek,
164.
Nutt.
''leafless".
APOXOOETO^", L. 1781. ( Amogeton, Apogeton ).Naiadaceae.
AVater plants with fleshy Syn. Ouvirandra, Thou. 1809, About 20 species, Asia, Africa and Ausfarinaceous rhizomes. with fenestrated leaves. species Ouvirandra includes the tralia. a.
Madagascar, Latfenestralis Poir. ). Lace-leaf, Water-yam. Leaves a Lattice plant, Fleshy tubers esculent. skeleton.
A. fenestrdle Hook. (O. tice-leaf,
mere
SCIENTIFIC
165.
AND POPULAR.
41
Aloe-wood.
Thymeliaceae.
AQUILLAKIA, Lam. From
vernacular name, erroneously translated
Syn. Agallochum, Aloexylum. to East Indies. a.
About 3
Trees.
^
'eagle
wood'*
species,
China
A. Ag'allocha Roxb. (Aloexylum Agallochum Lour. ). Cochin China, Assam and ajoining regions. Ihe fragrant wood is lignaloes, the Aloes of Scripture (Lign-aloes=lignum aloes, aloes- wood) also called Calambac, Agal-wood (i. e. Agallochum wood). Aloe- wood, Aggur, Tuggur or Agila-wood, whence by confusion with Latin aquila, Eagle-wood.
AQUILEGIA,
Columbine. L. Rainmciilaceae. "eagle-like", the spurs resembling talons. Perennial her'^s with fantastic-shaped showy flowers. About 20 species, north temperate zone; 15 in U. S. The species are acrid and the following are reputed diuretic, diaphoretic and
166.
From
Latin,
emnienagogue. a.
b.
A. Canadensis L. Eed Cokimbine,
Canada and eastern
AVild Columbine, L". S. Honey-suckle*, Jack-in-trouRock-lily, Meetinghouses. sers, Planted in gardens for ornament, as are other indigenous species. Bells, Chuckles,
A. vulgaris L. Europe. Cult, in gardens and adv. in LL S. European Columbine, Garden Columbine, (Colourbine:{:, Cullavine, Curranbine), Bluebells*, Blue-starry, Boots-and-shoes, Capon's- feat her, Capon's-tail, Cock's-foot, Culverwort, Dove'sfoot, (jrranny's-nightcap, Hawk-feet, Hen-and-chickens* Larly'sshoes, I^ady's-.siippers* Snapdragon*, Sowdwort, Two facesunder-a hat; Ger. Glockenblume, Ackelei; Fr. Colombine.
Rock Cress, Wall ARABIS, L. The Greek name, "Arabian plant'.
167.
Cruriferae.
(^ress. ^
Syn. Turriiis, L., also Sisymbrium, Cardamine, in part. Annual or perennial cresslike herbs. About 80 species, mostly of northern hemisphere; 48 in U. S. a.
Sub-arctic Europe, Asia and N. America, also Alpine Rock-cress, Alpine Molewort, in gardens. Bishop' s-wig, Dusty-husband, March-and-May, May, Snow-
A. alpina L. cult,
Snow-on-the-mountain, White-rock. dri't,
b.
A, Canadensis L. Texas.
c.
White- Alison,
Canada and northeastern U.
S.,
south
to
Sickle-pod.
A. glabra (L. )Bernh. (T. glabra L., A. perfoliata Lara. ). Northern Europe, Asia and N. America. Tower Mustard,
Tower d.
Sweet- Alice,
Cress.
A. lyrata L. (C. spathulata Michx.
).
Canada and northeast-
Japan. Lyre-leaved Rock-cress. in some other species, pungent, anti-scorbutic.
ern U.
168.
S., also in
ARACHIS,
L.
-
Peanut.
-
Plant,
as
Papilionaceae.
Greek name of some leguminous plant. Low herbs with About 7 species, tropical America. subterranean legumes.
)
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
42 a.
Peanut,. Tropical America, widely cult. Gon'ber or Gouber (Negroes of southern States), Ground Pea, Ground-nut, Earth-nut, Yer-nutt, Hau^ih-nut, Manila-nut; Seedf esculent; yield a. Ger. Erdnuss; Fr. Pistache de terre. valuable fixed oil called in India Katchung oil.
A. liypog-aea L.
Aragallus. Papilioiiacear. ARAGALLUS, Neck. Herbs or j>ub-shrubs Syn. Ox,\ tropin, Astragalus, in part. About 20 species, all of w«- stern U, S. related to Oxytropis.
169.
ARALIA, L. Name of unknown
Araliaceai^. PerenSyn. Fatsia, in part. About 27 species, nial aromatic herbs, shrubs or trees. N. America and Asia; 6 in U. S.
170.
a.
A. Californica Wats. Like (e), but nard.
b.
A. llispida Vent. sota.
stem,
-
Aralia.
origin.
Pacific Coast of larger.
U.
California Spike-
S.
S. to Labrador and Minne Bristly Sarsaparilla, BrittleBark or Brittle-stem Sarsaparilla, Pigeon berry.
Northeastern U.
Dwarf Elder, Wild Elder,
Kough
diuretic, alterative.
c.
A.
iiiulleauli** L.
American
Nortlieastern
LT. S.
to
Manitoba and Mis-
Wild or False
Sarsaparilla, Virginian Sarsaparilla, Small Spikenard, Rabbit' s-voot, Shot-bush, Wild Licorice; Ger. Nackte Aralie; Fr. Aralie a tige nue, Rhizome of this and of (e), formerly called Nardus Petit nard. Americanus, alterative, stimulant, diuretic. souri.
Sarsaparilla,
( more correctly Fatsia papyrifera ( Hook. Formosa. The white pith, cut in sheets, is Dec. & Planch. ). the Chinese rice paper.
d.
A. papyrifera LTook.
e.
A. rareniosa L.
Northeastern U. S. to New Brunswick and Spikenard, American Spikenard, Spignet, Spiceberry, Indian-root, Petty -morrel, Life-of-Man, Old-man's-i'oot; See (cV Ger. Amerikanische Nard; Fr. Nard Americain. Minnesota.
f.
Hercules' -club, A. spinosa L. Gulf States to New York. Toothache-tree, Wild Orange, Spikenard-tree, Pick-tree, Shotbush, Pigeon-tree, Sea Ash, Angelica tree. Southern Prickly Elder, Southern Prickly Ashf; (jer. DornigeAralie; Fr. Aralie Bark acrid, alterative, antiarthritic. epineuse.
ARAUCARIA,
171.
Lo'ty evergreen
America a.
b.
-
trees.
Araucaria.
About 8
species,
Fiiiaceae. waini regions, S.
to Australia.
Norfolk Island. A, rxoelsa R. Br. Timbei- used for ship building.
Norfolk Island
Pint'.
Araucaria, MonA. inibriodta Pavon. Chili and Patagonia. key-puzzle. The most hardy of the Araucarias. Tmifeer valuaSeeds constitute the chief food of the aborigines in some ble. "
regions.
SCIENTIFIC
AND POPULAR.
43
ARBUTUS,
172.
L. Arbutus. Ericaceae. name. Shrubs or trees. About 30 species, chiefly of western Asia andN. America; 3 in U. S.
The
a.
classical
A. Menziosii Pursh. or Madroiia.
b.
Pacific coast, U. S.
California
Madrono
See 176 (d).
A. Uiiedo L. Mediterranean region. European Strawberry tree, Arbute tree, Arbeset, Apple-of-Cain, Cane- Apple; Ger. Erdbeerbaum; Fr. Arbousier (Codex), Olonier, Frasier en arbre. I\o(jt and leaves astringent. From the berries a spirit is distilled.
A. Xalapeiisis H. B. K. (Arctostaphylos Oxacana DC). Mexico and southwestern U. S. Mexican Madrono or Madrona. Leaves have the action of Uva Ursi.
c.
ARCTERANTHIS,
173.
From
Greene. Arcteranthis. Ranuiiciilaeeje. Greek, "northern spring-flower"'. One species in U. S.
ARCTIUM,
Burdock. Coinpositie. "bearish", i. e. rough. Syn. Lappa, in Coarse bienniHl herbs, forming troublesome weeds. part. About 6 species, Eurojje and Asia; 3 nat. in U. S.
174.
L.
The Greek name,
A. Lappa L. (L. major Gaertn. ). Europe and Asia, nat. in U. S. and widely elsewhere. Burdock, Great Burdock, Baz-
a.
zies,
Bachelor's-buttons*
Bourholm,
Clive,
Beggar' s-buttons, Billy-Buttons, Clotbui-^ (Clote-bur, Clit-bur), Cockle-bar*
(Cockly-bur, Crocklety-bur, Cuckoldy-bur), Cuckold-dock, Cucklemoors, Cuckoo-button, Harebur, Hurr-bur, Hardock, Hoar-dock, Stick-button, Thistle*, Turkey-bur; Ger. Klettenwurzel; Fr. Bardane, (Codex) Glouteron; Sp. Bardana. See (b).
A. minus Schk. (Lappa minor DC, A. Eappa var. minus AEurope and Asia, nat. in U. S. and widely elsewhereGray). Lesser Burdock, Common Burdock (of U. S. ). Generally confounded with (a) and called by the same names. Both are included in A. officinalis Allioni and Lappa vulgaris >.'eilr. Root of both species. Lappa U. S. P., Eadix bardanre, and J'ruit,
b.
Fructus lappje. Semen bardanae; alterative, deobstruent.
/
ARCTOMECO>\
Torr. Arctomecon. Greek, "northern Poppy". Herbs. western U. S.
175.
From
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS,
17«.
U. a.
Adans.
Bear-berry. Ericaceae. Evergreen shrubs or small About 25 species, mostly of western N. America- 21 in
From Greek, trees.
Papaverareae. Three species in
"bear's grape".
S.
g'laiica Lindl.
California. Great-berried Manzanita. Leaves like those of (f), as are also those of the Mexican species: (b). A. niiicrocifera DC, (c) A. Polifolia Kunth and (d) A. toiiientosa Dough, the last being known as Madrono or Madroiia. See Arbutus (a) and (c).
A.
employed
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
44 e.
A. piingeus H. B. K. California.
name being applied f.
to the several
Common
Manzanita,
shrubby Cab fornian
this
species.
) Spreng. (Arbutus Uva Ursi L., A. officinalis Northf'rn Europe. Asia and N, America, south to New Jersey, Colorado and California. Bearberry, Red Bearberry, Bear's Grape^, Uva Ursi, Universe-vine^, Bears Bilberry, Bear's Whortleberry, Brawlins, Burren Myrtle, Upland or Mountain Cranberry, Creashak, Crowberry, Kinnikinnic, Killikinic, Meal-berry, Mountain Box, Rock-berry, Sagachomi, Rapper dandies (the fruit); Ger. Barentraube; Fr. Uva Ursi, BusLeaves, Uva Ursi, serole, Raisin d'ours (Codex); Sp. Gayuba. U. S. P., Uvse ursi folia, Br., Fol. arctostaphyli astringent
A. Uva tjrsi (L.
Wimmer).
;
diuretic.
AKECA,
177.
-
L.
Sabalaceae.
-
Betel-nut.
Palms with solid nutvernacular name, East Indies. About 25 species, tropical Asia and East Indies. like fruit.
From
ji.
A. Catechu L. Pinang.
Seeds,
Noix
Betelnuss; Fr.
ARENGA,
178.
Betel-nut Palm, Art ca-nut Palm, East Indies. Areca, Br., Semen arecfe; Ger. Arekanuss, d'arec.
Toenicide, masticatory.
Sugar Palm.
Labil.
From
Syn. Saguerus, vernacular name. About 5 species, tropical Asia to Australia. a..
in
Sabalacoae. Palms.
parr.
A. saccharifera Labil. (vSaguerus Rumphii Roxb., S. sacchaEast Indd diaused for engraving.
Locust-berry. Malpigrhiaceae. species, tropical America; 1 in
About 80
S.
Rich. (B. coriacea DC). West Indies and S. America. Locust-berry. Bark, called in Braxil Muruxi bark, used in tanning. The bark of several other species is used for the same purpose under the name of Alcornoque bark.
B. spieata
CAB6mBA,
335.
Aubl.
Vernacular name, peltate leaves.
W^ater-shield.
Nyiiiphaeaceae.
Guiana.
About
Aquatic plants wiih doating 5 species, tropical America; 1 in U. S.
Cacaliopsis. CACALI6pSIS, Gray. Compositae. From Greek, "resembling Cacalia". Floccose-wooUy perennial. One species. Pacific border of U. S.
336.
537.
CACTUS, Greek name
1812. to
have
.
armed with spines. About 300 None known tropical America; 23 in U. S. See Cereus and Opuntia. active properties.
Fleshy
species,
Cactus. L. 1753. Cactaceae. Syn. Mammillaria, Haw. of some thorny plant. leafless plants,
warm and
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
74
Sappan, etc. CAESALPINIA, L. Named for Andreas Caesalpinus, Italian
838.
Caesalpinaceae. botanist,
d.
Trees or shrubs. Syn. Guilandina, Libidibia, in part. 50 species, tropical; 3 in U. S. See Guilandina. a.
b.
1603.
About
West Indies C. coriaria Willd. (Libidibia coriariaSchlecht.). and S. America. Pods known as Divi-divi, Libi-divi, Libidibi or Muatta-pana; Fructus coriarise; astringent, used for tanning. C. echinata Lam. (Guilandina echinataSpreng.^ Brazil. One of several species yielding the Brazil wood (truf^j, Pernarabuco-
wood, Nicaragua- wood, Hypernic-wood, Lima-wood, and Peachwood of commerce, used in dyeing. c.
C.
Sappan
wood,
339.
L.
East Indies.
Bukkum
or
CAJUPtXI,
Wukkum
Source of Sappan-wood, of India, used in dyeing.
Adans. 1763.
Sampfeo-
Myrtaceae.
Cajuput.
From vernacular. Syn. Melaleuca, L. 1767, MyrtoleucodenAromatic shrubs or trees with showy flowers. dron, Rumph. About 100
species, chiefly of Australia.
a.
AusC. ericifolia (Sm. ) Lyons (Melaleuca ericifolia Sm. ). Leaves yield an Australian Cajuput (Cajeput) tree. tralia. oil very similar to Cajuput oil.
b.
C. riridiflora (Gaertn.
) Lyons (Kew. ),
Melaleuca viridiflora Gaertn., Includes M. Cajuputi Boxb. ). East Indian Islands to India and Australia. Cajuput tree. Leaves yield a volatile oil, Oleum Cajuputi, L'. S. P. which is
M. Leucadendron
L.,
stimulant, analgesic, stomachic,
(
etc.
CAKILE,
Gaertn. Sea Rocket. Cniciferae. Syn. Bunias, in part. Fleshy-t^temold Arabic name. About 3 species, sea and with 2-jointed siliques. med herbs lake shores, Europe and N. America; 2 in U. S.
340.
The
341.
CAL.4MUS, L. The Greek name
med a.
plants.
Eattan Palm. Syn. Rotang.
of a Beed.
About 80
species, tropical regions,
Sabalaceae. Slender-stem-
Old World.
C. riidentiim Lour., (b) C. rerus Lour., (c) C. yimindlis Reinw. and some other species furnish the canes or rattans of commerce. From (d) C. Scipiouuni Lour, are obtained the Malacca walking-canes.
342.
CALANDRINIA, H. B. K. Calandrinia. Portiilaeaeeae. Annual or perennial herbs, some with showy flowers. About
120 species, mostly of Chili and Australia; 5 in U.
S.
CALCEOLARIA,
Calceolaria. Loefl. 1758. Yiolaceae. Latin, "slipper like". Syn. lonidium, Vent. 1803; Herbs, mostly of tropical America; 2 in U. S. Viola, in part.
343.
From
a,
C. Ipecacudnha Brazil.
White
(
Vent.
)
Lyons
Ipecac, Poaya.
[I.
Ipecacuanha Vent. (Kew)].
Root emetic.
AND POPULAR.
SCIENTIFIC b.
75
) Kze. (V. verticillata Ort., I. polygalsefolium Vent. (Kew), I. lineare Torr. ). Kansas to Colorado and Mexico. Nodding or Whorl-leaved Violet. Properties
C. Yerticillata (Ort.
and uses of
(a).
CALENDULA,
Marigold. L. Compositie. Latin, ''monthly" blooming. Herbs with showy jellofr flowers. About 25 species, Mediterranean region.
344.
From
a.
Southern Europe €. officinalis L. (Caltha officinalis Moench. ). and the Levant, cult, in gardens. Garden Marigold, Pot Marigold (Mally-gowl), Mary-bud, Gold-bloom, Golding, Gowlan, Holigold, Jackanapes-on-horseback, Rods-gold, Ruddes, Sunflower*; Ger. Ringelblume, Todtenblume, Warzenkraut; Fr. Florets, Calendula. Souci, Fleur de tous les raois. U. S. P., Flores calendulae; Vulnerary, anti-emetic. The blossomingplant,
Herba
calendulse,
H.
calthae
H.
sativse,
verrucarise;
vulnerary, formerly believed to remove warts.
846.
Calla, Water Arum. CALLA, L. An ancient plant name. Acrid bog herb. One
a.
.4raceae,
.
.
C. paliistris
Northern Europe,
L.
Water Arum, Wild
Calla,
Faverole,
species.
and N. America. Female-dragon, Water-
A.-^ia
dragon, Swamp-robin.
CALLIANDRA,
Benth. 1840. Calliandra. Mimosacrap. "beautiful stamen". Syn. Anneslia, Salisb. Ornamental shrubs, a few 1807, not Anneslea, Wall. 1829. herbs or trees. About 80 species. New W^orld; 5 in U. S. [The antiperiodic Panbotano bark of Mexico is derived frona C. Houston! (King's Disp. )].
546.
From Greek,
347.
CALLICARPA, From
warmer
L. . Callicarpa. 'beautiful fruit' Shrubs. regions, chiefly of Asia; 1 in U. S.
Greek,
'
' .
Yerbenaceae. About 25 8[)eciesi,
Americana L. Virginia to Florida and Texas. Mulberry, Bermuda Mulberry, Sour-bush.
C.
Frenck
848.
CALLIRRHOE, Nutt. 1821. Poppy Mallow. Malvaceae. Name from Greek mythology. Syn. Nuttallia, Barton, 1822;
a.
Malva, Sida, in part. Herbs with showy flowers. About 7 species, central and southern U. S. and northern Mexico. Sandarac. CALLITRIS, Vent. Syn. Thuja, in part. Trees or shrubs. Africa to Australia.
349.
a.
-
Pinaceae.
About 18
species^
Northwestern C. quadriTdlyis Vent. (T. articulata Vahl. ). Africa. Alerce, Sandarac tree, Arar-tree. Resinous exudate, Sandarac. Gum Sandarac, Juniper resin, Gum Juniper; Sandaraca; Ger. Sandarak; Fr. Sandaraque (Codex); Terebinthinate, styptic, also used for varnishes, etc. Wood ornamental, called Citron-wood, Panther-wood, Tiger-wood, Ar-ir-wood.
360.
CALLI^NA,
Salisb.
Syn. Erica, in part.
A
Heather, etc. low evergreen shrub.
Ericaceae.
One
species.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
76
C. Tulgdris (L. )Salisb. (E. vulgaris L. ), Europe, nat. in New England. Heather, Dog-heather, He-heather, Dog-, Ling-, Ked- or Small Heath, Scotch Heather (U. S.), Broom*, Besom, Busam, Bent, Bream, Grig, Black or Crow Ling, Moor. Plant reputed sudorific, diuretic, etc.
a.
CAL0CH6rTUS,
Mariposa Lily. Liliaeeae. Pursh. Greek, "beautiful lily". Herbs with coated corms and showy flowers; among the most beautiful of American wild flowers. About 40 species, southwestern U. S. and MexicQ.
351.
From
a.
C. ^IbiiS Doug.
b.
C. pulchellus Doug.
c
Mariposa Lily, Butterfly Lily, C. reniistus Benth. California. Wild or Butterfly Tulip, Pretty-grass, names not confined to
California.
Lily-bell.
California.
Golden
Lily-bell.
this species.
CAL6pHANE8,
Don, 1833. Calophanes. Acanthaceae. Greek, of "beautiful appearance". Syn. Dyschoriste, Nees, 1832. Perennial herbs or shrubs with blue or purple About 30 species, warmer regions; 5 in U. S. flowers.
362.
From
CALOPHYLLUM,
353.
From
Tacamahac. L. (hisiaceae. "beautiful leaf. Large trees with parallel About 60 species, tropical, mostly of Old World.
Greek,
veined leaves. a.
Inophylhim L. East Indies and Oceanica. Poon tree, Kamani" (Polynesia). Besinous
C.
Tacamahac
East Indian or Oriental Tacamahac, Resina Tacamahaca; Ger. Takamahak, Takmak; terebiiithinate. Seeds yield a fixed oil, Bitter oil, Domba oil, Poon-seed oil, Weandee, used in rheumatism.
tree,
b.
Tacamahaca
C.
yields
Willd.
to
East Indies.
Also
Tacamahac.
CAL6tR()PIS, R. Br. Syn. Asclepias in part.
354.
Madagascar
exudate,
Mudar. Shrubs or
Asclepiadaceae.
Three
trees.
species,
Asia and Africa. a.
C.
gigantea (L.
string
)
Dryand. (A. gigantea L.
Hemp*.
Called in northern
or Ak, in southern India Yercum.
Radix mudaris, Rad. b.
Bark
India,
Dryand. (A. procera westward to Africa.
Yields also
Mudar
bark.
355.
CALTHA, The
Latin
L.
name
-like flowers.
BowMadar Mudar bark,
India.
of root,
calotropis; alterative, diaphoretic, emetic.
Wight).
C. procera (Ait.)
).
India Mudar,
Marsh Marigold. Marsh
Ait.,
C.
French
Hamiltoni Jasmine.
Ranunciilaceae.
plants with buttercup 10 species, high latitudes of both hemi-
of Marigold.
About
spheres; 5 in U. S. a.
C. paliistris L.
Marigold,
Ontario to S. Carolina, west to Iowa. Marsh Buttercup*, Cowslip (U. S. ), Bull-flower,
Meadow
)
SCIENTIFIC
AND POPULAR.
Great Butter-flower, Capers, Spring Cowslip, Crowfootf,
.
77
Cowslop, Drunkards, Gools, Meadow Gowan, Open or Water Gowan, Meadow-bouts, Mayblob, Mire-blob, Horse-blob, Water-blob, King-cups*, Palsywort, Soldier's-buttons, Swamp-robin, Water-dragon, Watergoggles. Plant used as a pot herb.
356.
Coltsfoot*,
Cow-lily,
Crazy-Bet,
CALYCADENIA, DC.
Calycadenia. Conipositae. Greek, *'cup gland". Syn. Hemizonia, in part. Annual herbs with linear leaves. About 17 species, south-
From
eastern
357.
U.
S.
CALYCOCARPUM, From
Greek,
"cup
One
Herbaceous climber.
Cup-seed. Meuispermaceae. Syn. Menispermum, in part. species, southwestern U. S.
Nutt.
fruit".
CALYC6SERIS,
Gray. Calycoseris. Ciehoriaceae. Greek, "cup Succory". Winter-annuals with showy Two species, southwestern U. S. and Mexico. flowers.
368.
From
Calypso. CALYPSO, Salisb. Dedicated to Calypso, of Greek mythology. dium, in part. Bog orchid. One species, (U.
359.
biilbosa (L. ) Oakes (Cyp. bulbosuniL., Northern Europe, Asia and N. America.
a. C.
Orchidaceae. Syn. CypripeS.
Cal. borealis Salisb.
)
Caljpso.
CALYPTRIDIUM,
Xutt. Calyptridium. Portulacaceae. Greek, "veil" or "quiver". Succulent annuals. Four species, southwestern U. S.
360.
From
361.
CAMELINA,
False Flax. Crucif«'rae. Syn. Myagrum, in part. Annual About 5 species, Europe and Asia; 2 nat. in U. S. Crantz.
From Greek, "low flax". herbs. a.
Europe, nat. in U. S. C. saliva (L. ) Crantz (M. sativum L. ). Gold-of-pleasure, W^ild or False Flax, Dutch Flax, Camline, Cheat, Madwort, Myagrum; Ger. Leindotter. Seeds, Dodderseed, Siberian Oil-seed, yield German Sesame oil.
362.
CAMPANULA, From
L. Bell-flower. Campaimlaccae. Latin, "little bell". Herbs, some ornamental. About
250 species, northern hemisphere; 18 in U. a.
C. Rapiinculus L.
Europe.
Eampion.
S.
Tuberous roots es-
culent. b.
Northern Europe, Asia and N. America, C. rotundifolia L. Harebell ( England, south to Illinois, Arizona and California. also Hair-bell, Air-bell), Bluebell (Scotland), Round-leaved Bellwort^ (a misnomer), Blaewort, Blaver, Blue-blauers, Blue bottle* Gowk's-thumbs, Heath-bell, Witches' -bell, Lady'sor Witches'- thimble; Ger. Glockenblume, Fr. Campanule. Noteworthy European species are (c). C. g'lomerata L., Dane' s-blood, Canterbury-bells*; (d) C. latifolia L., Great Bell-flower, Coventry-bells, White Foxglovef; (e) C. medium Canterbury-bells, Marian, Mercury' s-violet; (f) L., C. Tracheliiim L., Throat wort, Haskwort, Blue Foxglovef, Canterbury- or Coventry-bells.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
$
CAMPT0S6rUS,
Link. Walking-fern, Greek, "bent sori". Small ferns. of Asia, one in N. America (U. S.).
363.
From
Polypodiaceae. species, one
Two
CANANGA, Eumph.
not Aubl. Ylang-ylang. Auoiiaceae. Syn. Unona, Uvaria, in i)art. vernacular name. Trees or shrubs. Three species, East Indies.
3()4.
From
a.
C. odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. (Uvaria odorata Lam., Unona odoYlang-ylang. Flowers source of rata Dunal). East Indies. oil of ylang-ylang or cananga.
CANARIUM, L
365.
Balsamic
-
About 90
trees.
Elemi.
-
species, tropical
Biirseraceae. Asia and Africa.
commune L. East Indies. Probably from this species is dieriyeAihe, resinous exudate, Elemi (Br. 1885), Manila Elemi, Resina (Gummi) Elemi; Fr. ifilemi (Codex); Sp. Goma de Fruit, Java Almond, Terebinth inate, vulnerary. limon.
a.
C.
b.
C
cathartic.
strictum Koib.
Southern India.
Source of Black
Dammar
resin.
CANAVALI,
366.
Adans.
Shrubby climbers. U.
367.
(Canavalia,
About 18
CaNBYA,
known
Parry.
Canbya.
-
for the American species, California.
CANELLA, From
1759. a.
P. Br. 1756.
Herbs.
Two
Canellaceae. Syn. Winterania L. species, tropical America.
Canella.^
French, Canelle, "cinnamon".
Aromatic shrubs.
Two known
Winterana (L. ) Gaertn, (W. Canella L., C. alba Murray). Canella, White or Wild Cinnamon, Florida and West Indies. Bahama W^hite-wood. Bark, False Winter's bark. Cortex canellaa, Cort. winteranus spurius, Costus dulcis; Ger. Weisser Kaneel, Weisser Zimmt; Fr. Canelle blanche (Codex). Sp. Stimulant tonic, used as a condiment. Canella blanca.
CaNNA, L. Indian-shot, etc. Caniiaceae (Marantacea&). From Latin, "reed" or "cane". Robust ornamental herbs
from tleshy rhizomes. pecially of
«.
Papaveraceae.
-
Canby.
botanist
C.
369.
a.
Papilionaceae.
tropical regions; 2 in
S.
Named 368.
DC).
species,
New
About 80
species,
tropical regions es-
W^orld.
Peru and Brazil, cult, in West Indies. AchiC. ^dulis Ker. Fecula from rhizomes, Canna starch or arrowroot, Amyras. lum cannse, U. S. P. 1870, Toulema (tous-les-mois); Ger. A similar starch is obCannastarke; Fr. Fecule de tolemane. tained from other species, as (b) C. coccinea Mill. (C. rubra Willd.).
Widely distributed in the tropics. C. Indica L. China-shot, Common Canna or Tous-les-mois. species are now cultivated as ornamental plants.
Indian-shot,
Many
other
AM) POPULAR.
t\)
Ilemp. Robust herb. )ne
species, centralAsia.
SCIENTIFIC
Cannabis,
370.
The a.
L.
classical naine.
(
C. sativa L. (including C. Indica Lam.).
Moraceae.
-
Asia,
now widely
and nat. Hemp, Connnon Hemp, Hemp-weed, Gallowgrass, Neck-weed, Nick-weed, St. Audrews-lace, Tristram's(Staminate plants popularly knot, Eed-root*, Welsh Parsley. called Female Hemp (Femble, Fimble), Barren Hemp; pistillate plants, Male, Carl or Churl Hemp, thus reversing the sexAn important es) Ger. Hanf; Fr. Chanvre (Codex), Chenevis. Flowerimj tops of the AmericanSeeds yield oil. fibre plant. grown plant were formerly (U. S. P. 1880) official as Cannabis Americana, American Cannabis, American Hemp. Flowering tops of the pistillate plant groAvn in the East Indies; Cannabis Indica U. S. P., Br., Herba cannabis indic;e, Indian Cannabis, Indian Hemp, Gunjah, Ganjah, Guaza; a form used as an intoxicant in the East is Bhang, Siddhi, Hashish or Halish (Fr. an impure resin is Charas or Churrus Haschisch, Codex) iS'eerfs; Semen (Charms, Cherrus). Antispasmodic, narcotic. V. Fructus cannabis; Ger. Hanf^;amen, Hanfkorner; demulcent. cult,
;
;
371.
Canotia. SimarubaeeaB. CAN6tIA, Torr. Leafless spiny shrub, formerly referred to Eosaceae, Eutacete,
etc.
One
species,
Mexico and southwestern U.
S.
CAPNOIDES,
Corydalis. Adans. 1763. Papayeraceae. Greek, ''smoke-like". Syn. Neckeria, Scop. 1777; Delicate erect or climbing herbs. Corydalis, Vent. 1803. About ] 10 species, north temperate zone and S. Africa; 7 in U. vS.
372.
From
a.
C. fab^ceum (Pers. ) Lyons (Cor. fabacea Pers. Cor. solida Sw. Tubers, Solid Birth wort. Europe. Cor. digitata Pers.). Tubera corydalis solidse, Ead. aristolochiai solids; Ger. Feste (Voile) Osterleiwurzel formerly reputed emmenagogue and ,
;
eutocic. b.
c.
Ontario to Minnesota, C. flavulum (Raf. ) Kze. Pale Corydalis. Colic- weed*. Louisiana.
soutli
to
tuberosum (DC.) Lyons
(Cor. tuberosa DC., Cor. bulbosa cava Schweig., Cor. solida Moench.). Europe. Tubers, Bulbous Fumitory, Eound Birthwort, Holewort. Tubera corydalis cavse, Rad. aristolochise cavae v. fabace*; Ger. Hohlwurzel, Donnerwurzel; Fr. Fumeterre bulbeuse; reputed
C.
Pers.,
Cor.
emmenagogue, anthelmintic.
373
CAPN6rEA,
Eaf. Capnorea. Hydrophyllaceae. Scapose herbs. Three known Syn. Hesperochiron, Wats. species, southwestern U. S.
CAPFARIS,
Caper. Capparidaceae. L. Shrubs with showy Howers. Greek name. About 150 species, warm and tropical regions.
374.
The
a.
ancient
C. aphylla Roth. (C. like pepper.
Sodada,
R.
Br.).
Africa.
Fruit
used
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
80 b.
c.
C. cynophallophora L. and (c) C. ferruginea L. (Mustardshrub) of the West Indies have root-barks that are vesicating and diuretic; plants anthelmintic.
Mediterranean region to central Asia. Caper C. spiiioisa L. bush, Hyssop of Scripture; Ger, Kapper; Fr. C^prier; Sp. Alcaparro. Buds, called capers, pungent, antiscorbutic.
CAPRARIA,
375.
From
Capraria.
L.
Scrophulariaceae.
Herbs or undershrubs, Latin, 'goat- weed" regions of Africa and America; 1 in U. S. '
.
warmer
CAPRIOLA,
Adans. 1763. Bermuda Grass. Gramiiieae. Syn. Cynodon, Latin, (food for the) ''wild goat". Matted grasses, 4 species; 1 nat. in U. S. Rich. 1805.
376.
From
a.
C. Dactylon (L. ) Kze. ( Panicum Dactylon L. Cynodon DactyNaturalized in U. S. from Europe and widely dislon Pers. ). tributed. Bermuda Grass, Scutch or Scotch Grass, Dog's-tooth Stolom, Radix Grass, Indian Couch-grass, Bahama Grass. graminis dactyli, used in Europe like Couch-grass. ,
CAPSICUM,
L. Red Pepper, Pod Pepper. Solanaceae. Herbs with punLatin, "box", alluding to the fruit. About 25 species, warmer regions of both hemigent fruit. spheres.
377.
From
a.
C.
Annuum
L.
S.
America,
now
universally cult,
in
many
some of which have been described as species, as C. Ionium Fing. C. grossiim Willd. and C. cordiforme Mill. Garden Pepper, Pod Pepper, Red Pepper, Spanish Pepper, Goat's Pepper, Chili Pepper, Chillies, Guinea Pepper*, Bird Pepper*;.Ger. Spanischer Pfeffer, Tiirkischer Pfeffer, Guinea Pfefier, TaschenpfefFer, Schotenpfefier; Fr. Piment des jardins, Poivre de Guinee (Codex), Piment rouge, Capsique; Sp. Chile, Pimiento. Fruit of this and other species. Red Pepper, Cayenne Pepper, Paprica; Fructus capsici. Piper hispauicum. The German Pharmacopoeia recognizes C. annuum and C. Iongum. Properties of (b).
varieties,
b.
minimum, Roxb. not Mill.) S. America, Cayenne Pepper. Fruit known in eommerce as African Pepper, Bird Pepper, in Great Britain as Guinea Pepper and Chillies; Capsicum. U. S. P., Capsici fructus Br. Piper cajannense; Ger. Cajennepfeffer; Fr. Piment de Cayenne [The only species admitted by the U. S. and British (Codex).
C, fastiguitiim Bl. (C.
now widely
cult.
Pharmacopoeias. ]
c
The fruit S. America. C. frntescens L. (C. crassum Willd. ) of this species, smaller than that of (b), is also called Cayenne pepper and
378.
is
equally active.
CARAPA,
Aubl.
Vernacular
name,
Trees. a.
Stimulant, stomachic, revulsive, rubefacitnt.
About 5
Meliaceae. Syn. Xylocarpus, in part-
Crab-tree, etc.
Guiana.
species, tropical
America and Africa.
Guiana. Andiroba C. Guiaii^nsis Aubl. (X.CarapaSpreng. ). Bark febrifuge. Seeds yield or Carapa tree, Crabwood tree. Carapa oil, Carap or Crab oil, Andiroba oil.
SCIENTIFIC b.
AND POPULAR.
(C Touloucouna
C. procera DC.
Guil.
81
&
Per.).
Senegal.
Kundah tree (Touloucouna, Tallicouna). Seeds, Mote nuts, yield Kundah (Tallicouna, Tulucuna, Callicoonah, Coundi, Kounda)
oil,
which
CARDAMINE,
379.
is bitter,
L.
cathartic and anthelmintic. Bitter Cress.
Cruciferae. Herbs.
Greek name of a Cress, ''heart-strengthening". About 100 species, temperate regions; 29 in U. S.
amara
C.
b.
C. llirsuta L. cress,
c.
Europe and northern Asia.
L.
a.
Small
Europe and Asia, Lamb's
Bitter-cress,
Bitter Cress.
nat. in U. S. Hairy Cress, Land Cress.
Bitter-
C. pratensis L. Northern Europe, Asia and N. America (U.S. ). Cuckoo-flower (Flos cuculi). Cuckoo-spit, Meadow or Small Bitter-cress, Bonny-bird-een,
Headache*, May-flower,
Lady's
Smock (Shakespere), Smick-smock, Milkmaids, Spink; Ger. Wiesenkresse,
Herba
Cukukskraut; Fr. Cresson des pres. Herb, Like the preceding, anti-scorbutic,
nasturtii pratensis.
deobstruent. d.
C. purpurea (Torr. )Brit. (Arabis rhomboidea var. Torr, ), C. Douglassii (Torr.) Brit.). Canada,
Maryland and Wisconsin.
purpurea south to
Purple Cress, Spring Cress, Moun-
tain Water-cress. e.
New Jersey to Ohio and south to N. C. rotundifolia Michx. Carolina. American Water-cress, Kound-leared Water-cress, Mountain Water-cress.
CARDIOSPERMUM,
380.
L.
Heart-seed.
Sapindaceae.
From Greek, "heart seed". Herbaceous vines. species, warm and temperate regions; 3 in U. S. a.
About 20
South America and cult, in gardens. C. Halicacabum L. Balloon- vine. Heart-seed^, Heart Pea, Indian-heart, Wintercherry* Puff-ball t. Root reputed laxative and diuretic.
CARDUUS,
381.
L. Thistle, Tassel-bur. Compositae. ancient Latin name, whence our word "card" (for wool etc. ). Syn. Cnicus, Cirsium, Serratula, in part. Robust prickly herbs. About 250 species, northern hemisphere; 56 in
The
U.
b.
a.
C. arv^nsis (L.) Robs. (S. arvensis L., Cn. arvensis Hoffm. (Kew), Cir. arvensis Scop. ). Europe, nat. in U. S. and elsewhere. Canada Thistle, Boar-, Corn-, Creeping-, Cursed-, Dog-, Hard-, Prickly- (Pricky-), Sharp- or Way Thistle, Dashel, Dodger. pernicious weed.
b.
C.
A
lanceoMtum
L. (Cn.
lanceolatus Willd.
ceolatum Scop. ). Europe, nat. in Bull Thistle, Scotch Thistle, Bur Bell-, Bird-, Blue-, Boar-, Buck-, Roadside- or Spear Thistle. The c.
U.
S.
(Kew),
Cir. lan-
Common
Thistle,
Thistle (Scotland); BankButton-, Horse-, Plume-, emblem of Scotland.
L. Asia and Europe, adv. in U. S. Musk Thistle, Plumeless Thistle, Queen Ann's Thistle, Bank or Buck Thistle, wrongly called Scotch Thistle.
C. nutans
.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
82
382.
CiREX, Classical
-
L.
name
More than 1000 a.
Sedge.
of uncertain
species; about
350 in U.
Cyperaceae.
-
Grass-like Sedges.
origin. S.
Europe, adv. in U. S. Sand Sedge, Sand-star, C. areiiaria L. Sea Sedge, Red Couch-grass, Sea-bent, Sea Bent-grass, Stare, German Sarsaparilla Ger. Sandriedgras, Sandsegge, Rothe Quecke; Fr. Laiche. Rhizome; Rhizoma caricis, Rad. sarsaparillse germanicae. Properties of Sarsaparilla. ;
Papaw. CARICA, L. Caricaceae (Papayaceae). Latin name of *'fig". S\'n. Papaya, Tourn. Shrubby or arborescent plants, generally with simple stem. About 20 spe-
383.
cies,
a.
C.
tropical America; 1 in U. S.
Papaya
L. (P. Carica Gaertn., P. vulgaris
DC.
).
Tropical
America, cult, in all tropical countries. Papaw (Pawpaw), Papaya, Melon tree, Custard Applej, Mamseiro; Ger. Melonenbaum, Papaybaum. Milky juice o^Mnri^eivmi, Succus papayse, has properties like those of pepsin.
384.
Carline Thistle. CARLINA, L. Named for Charlemagne, whose army found
remedy a.
for the plague.
Conipositae.
in the plant a Thistle-like plants, natives of Europe.
C. acaiilis L. (A variety of this is C. caulescens Lam. ). Europe. Carline Thistle, Ground Thistle; Ger. Sonnendistel, Eberwurz, Root, Rad. carlinse v. Rosswurzel; Fr. Chardon dore, Carline. Fleshy recardopatise, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue. ceptacle of this and o( {h) C. acauthifolia All., esculent.
385.
CARLOWRIGHTIA, Named
shrubs.
386.
Gray. Carlowrightia. Acaiithaceae. Charles Wright, American botanist. UnderThree known species, southwestern U. S. for
Carminatia. Conipositae. CARMINATIA, Moc. Named for Prof. B. Carminati of Pavia. Herb witli rather
small heads of whitish flowers, Mexico and southwestern U.
387.
CARPENTERTA, Undershrub
Torr.
Saxifragaceae.
Carpenteria.
with large white flowers.
S.
A
single
species,
California.
CARPHEFHORUS,
Carphephorus. Cass. Conipositae. Syn. Liatris, in part. Greek, ''chaff bearing". Perennial herbs, some sufli-utescent. About 8 species, North America; 4 in U. S.
S88.
From
a89.
CARFHOCHAETA, From Greek,
tescent.
Gray. "chaff bristle"
Three known
species,
Carphochaeta. Conipositae. Perennial herbs, some suftru-
Mexico and
its
borders; 1 in
U.S. 390.
CARFINUS,
L.
The ancient Latin name.
Hornbeam.
Trees or shrubs. northern hemisphere; 1 in U. S.
Betulaceae.
About 12
species,
SCIENTIFIC a.
AND POPULAR.
83
C. Carolinifina Walt. (C. Americana Michi.
). Eastern U. S. Beech, Iron-wood,
American Hornbeam, Blue Beech, Water Hurst- or Horst- beech. Horse Beech.
CARTHAMUS,
391.
L.
Safflower.
The Latin name, from or a.
more
Arabic,
Compositae.
"pigment".
Herbs.
Tifvo
Old World.
species,
India, cult, extensively in Europe, Asia and C. tinctorius L. Africa. Safflower, Dyer's Saffron, African Saffron, American or Thistle Saffron, False or Bastard Saffron, Parrot's Corn; Ger. Farbersatlor, Falscher Safran, Deutscher Safran; Fr. Carthame; Florets; Flores carthami, Sp. Cartamo, Azafrancillo, Alazor. Carthamus; diaphoretic, resembling camomile. [The South African Carmendik, used as a stomachic bitter, is from a related plant.]
CARUM,
L. Caraway, etc. Umbel liferae. ancient Greek name. Syn. Bulbocastanum, Bunium, in part. Herbs. About 50 species, temperate and warm regions; 1 in U. S. See also Apium, Ataenia, Conopodium, Ptychotis.
392.
The
a.
C. Bulbocdstauuni Koch. (B. LinnaeiSchur. ). Mediterranean Tubers and leaves esculent. Fruit a condiment. region.
b.
Northern Asia and C. Cariii L. (also written C. Carvi). Europe, adv. in U. S. Caraway, Car vies, Saxifragef. Fruit; Carum, U. S. P., Carui Fructus, Br., Semen carvi; Ger. Kiimmelsamen, Kiimmel, Garbe; Fr. Carui (Codex), Cumin des pres; Sp. Alcaravea; aromatic, carminative, used chiefly as a flavor and condiment.
c.
C. feriilaefolium Bois. and Candia. Topana.
393.
C4RY0CAR,
-
From Greek, "head in part.
(Bunium
ferula^folium Desf.).
Cyprus
Tubers edible.
Guiana Butternut. nut", from size of
-
Rhizobolaceae.
fruit.
Syn.
About 10
Trees producing edible nuts.
Pekea,
species,
S.
America. a.
C. biityrosiim Willd. (Pekea butyrosaAubl.), Pekea tree and (b) C. niiciferum L., Souari (Suwarrow) tree, both of Guiana, yield oily nuts called South American or Guiana Butternuts.
394.
CARY6tA,
L.
From Greek, "nut"
Toddy Palm,
etc.
Tall palms. East Indies and southeast Asia. a.
Sabalaceae.
About 12
species,
Ceylon and India. Ceylon Toddy Palm, JaggeryPalm, Bastard Sago- Palm. Sap yields palm wine (toddy) and palm sugar (jaggery). Stem yields sago; See Borassus.
C. lireiiS L.
395.
CASIMIR6a, La Llave. Two known species,
Trees. a.
palm.
Zapote.
Aurantiaceae.
tropical N. America.
C. edulis Llav. & Lex. Mexico. Seeds poisonous. soporific.
Zapote,
Fniit edible but
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
84
396,
CASSIA,
L.
-
Cassia.
-
CaBsalpinaceae.
Ancient Greek plant name, from Hebrew. Syn. Senna, in part. Herbs, shrubs and even trees. About 275 species, warm and temperate regions, especially tropical America; about 30 in U. S. See Cathaitocarpus.
Absus L. India to Egypt. Absus Seed. The seeds of this and of (b) C. auriculata L. of India are used like those of Abrus in ophthalmia.
a.
C.
0.
C. acutifolia Delile(C. lanceolata Nectoux, C. Senna var.b. L., C. orientalis Pers., C. lenitiva Bisch., Senna acutifolia Link. ). Egypt to Kordofan. Alexandria Senna, Tripoli Senna; Ger. Alexandrinische Senna, Palt-Senna; Fr. Sen^ de la Palte, d' Leaves of this and of (d); Egypte, d' Alexandrie (Codex). Senna U. S. P., Senna Alexandrina, Br., Folia sennae; Ger. Sennesblatter; Fr. Feuilles de sene; cathartic.
d.
e.
f.
C. angustifolia Vahl. (C. elongata Lemaire, C. lanceolata W. & Am., C. acutifolia Nees., C. medica, Foi-sk., C. mediciualis India Bisch, Senna officinalis Roxb., S. angustifolia Batka). westward to Somali coast. Tinnivelly Senna, India Senna. The East India or Bombay senna Leaven, Senna Indica, Br. is less carefully prepared, and still inferior is the Arabian or Mecca senna, also sold as Bombay senna, all derived from this species; Ger. Indische Senna; Fr. S^ne de Tinnevelly (Codex).
New England C. Marylaiidica L. (Senna Marylandica Link. ). Wild Senna, American to Nebraska and south to the Gulf. Leaves have been used instead of true Senna, Locust-plant. senna, but are inferior. Maine to Indiana and south to Texas. Wild Sensitive-plant, Senf^itive Pea. [The larger (g) C. Chamaecrista L. of the same region is called Partridge Pea, Dwarf Cassia, Prairie Senna or Larger Sensitive-pea.
C. nictitans L.
obovata Colladon(C. Senna Forskal, C. obtusa Roxb. C. Arabia and northobtusata Hayne, Senna obovata Link.). ern and eastern Africa. Soudan Senna, Syrian or Aleppo Senna. The leaves are sometimes mixed with those of Alexandria
h. C.
i.
C. occidentalis L. Widely diffused in tropical countries. Coffee Senna, Stinking Cassia, Styptic weed. Roasted seeds are Negro Coffee, Mogdad Coffee, Magotty-boy Bean; Ger. MogdadKaflee; Fr. Caf^ chilen; a substitute for coffee.
j.
C.
Tora L. (C. obtusifolia L. diffused in tropical countries.
897.
).
Southern U. S. and widely Senna, Sickle Senna.
Low
CASSIOPE, D. Don. Moss-plant, Moss-bush. Name from Greek mythology, like that of
Ericaceae. the related Andromeda. Syn. Andromeda, in part. Evergreen heath-like or moss-like shrubs. About 10 species, high north latitudes; 5 in U. S. and British America.
AND POPULAR.
SCIENTIFIC
85
Cassytha. CASSYTHA, L. Lauraceae. Slender, apparently leafless vines. About 15 species, mostly Australian; 1 in U. S.
398.
CASTALIA, Sali^b. Named from the famed
399.
Pond
Nymphseacese.
Lily, etc.
spring on Parnassus. Syn. Nymphaea, in part. Aquatic plants with Magnolia-like flowers. About 25 species; 7 in U. S. a.
C. alba
(
L.
)
Lyons
(
Nymphaea
alba L.
C.
speciosa
Salisb.
).
Europe. European White Water-lily or Pond-lily, Water- blobf, Water-can; Fr. Nenuphar blanc (Codex), lioot alterative, astringent. b.
C. odonita (Dryand. ) Woodv. & Wood. (Nymphaea odorata Dryand., C. pudica Salisb. ). Nova Scotia to Manitoba and south to the Gulf. Sweet-scented White Water-lily, White Pond-lily, Water-nymph., Wa'er Cabbage, Toad Lily. [The same names except the tirst are given to the very similar but larger and scentless (c) C.tuberosa (Paine) Greene, northern Hoot astringent, demulcent. U. S. to Nebraska.] Chestnut. CASTANEA, Adans. Fagacese. Latin name, from a city in Thessaly. Trees or shrubs with edible nuts enclosed in a prickly bur. Four or five species, northern hemisphere; 3 in U. S.
400.
a. C.
C.
dentAta (Marsh) Borkh. (C. vesca var. Americana Michx., Americana, Raf. ). Ontario to Michigan and Tennessee.
American Chestnut, Chestnut, Prickly-bur, Sardinian-nut; Ger. Kastanienbaum Fr. Chataignier, Marronier; Sp. CasLeaves sedative, used in whooping cough. tano. Bark as;
Fruit esculent.
tringent, tonic, febrifuge. b.
C. piiiiiila (L.) Mill. (Fagus pumilaL. ). New Jersey to Indiana and southwards. Chinkapin (Chincapin, Chinquapin),
Dwarf Chestnut.
c
C. Castdnea ( L. ) Lyons ( Fagus Castanea L., C. sativa Mill. (Kew), C. vesca Gaertn., C. vulgaris Lam. ). Asia and Europe. European Chestnut, Spanish Ches nut, Chastey, Bur, Frenchnut, Meat-nut, Stover-nut. Properties of (a).
CASTAN6pSIS,
Spach. Oak Chestnut. Fagaceae. Greek, 'chestnut-like' Trees producing edible nuts. About 20 species, mostly of tropical Asia, 1 in U. S.
401.
From
a.
*
' .
C. chrysophylla A. DC. California Chinkapin.
402.
CASTELA, Shrubs.
403.
California.
Turp.
About 10
-
Califomian Oak-chestnut,
Castela.
species, tropical
-
America;
SimarubaceoB. 1 in
U.
S.
CASTILLEJA, Mutis. Painted-cup. Scrophulariacese. Named for Castill jo, Spanish botanist. Syn. Bartsia, in
Herbs, flower-spikes often with colored part. 40 species, mostly of World; 30 in U. S.
New
bracts.
About
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
^6 a.
Ontario to TexasC. coccinea. (L. ) Spreng. (B. coccineaL. ), Scarlet Painted-cup, Indian Paint-brush, Bloody-warrior, Red-
Wickakee. Election-posies, Prairie-fire, also to other species having red bracts.)
Indians,
(These
names given 404.
CASTIlLOA, From
Spanish,
Castilloa. Cervant. "Castilian". Trees.
Artocarpaceae. About 3 species,
tropical America. a.
C. elastica Cervantes and (b) C. Markhamiana Collins, both See Hevea. of Mexico, yield India rubber.
CASUARINA,
L. Australian Oak, Beefwood. Casuarinaceae. alluding to the plumy foliLatin, 'cassowary tree", Leafless trees, looking like arboreous Equiseturas. age. About 30 species, Australia to East Indies. lu Australia called "oaks", several of the species "she-oaks", one "he-oak".
405.
From
a.
'
Southern Asia to AusC. equisetifolia L. (C. Indica Pers. ). Iron-wood (South Sea Islands), Swamp tralia and Polynesia. Oak (Australia), Toa (Fiji Islands, where formerly the wood was used for cannibal forks), ^arl- of this and other species Wood hard and durable. astiingent.
406.
CATALPA,
Scop.
-
Vernacular Indian name. shrubs with showy flowers. rest American; 2 in U. S. a.
b.
Catalpa. Bigiioiiiaceae. Trees or Syn. Bignonia, in part. About 10 species, 2 in Asia, the
C. Catdlpa (L.) Karst. (C. bignonioide^ Walt. (Kew), B. Catalpa L., C. syringrefoliaSims. ). Southeastern U. S. Catalpa tree, Indian Bean, Bean tree, Smoking-bean, Cigar tree, Indian-cigar, Candle tree, Catawba tree*. Fruit antispasmodic, ^a?'^ anthelmintic, alterative. cardiac; sedative,
Warder (C. cordifolia Duham). Illinois to ArkanHardy or Western Catalpa, Catawba tree, Larger Indian-
C. speciosa sas.
bean, Cigar tree, Shawnee-wood.
407.
CATESBAEA, Named
Shrubs.
408.
Rubiaceae.
English naturalist, d. 1749. About 10 species, mostly of West Indies; 1 in U. S. for
Catesby,
CATHA, From
shrub. a.
Lily-thorn.
L.
Mark
Properties of (a).
Khat. Forsk. (not G. Don). Celastraceae. A small Syn. Celastrus, in part. the Arabic name.
One
species.
Arabia and eastern C. edulis Forsk. (Celastrus edulis Vahl. ). Leaves Khat, Kat, Cat, Cafta, Arabian or Abyssinian Africa. Tea, used like Chinese tea.
CATHARTOC ARPUS,
Pers. 1805. Caosalpinaceae. Greek, "purging fruit". Syu. Bactyrilobium, Fistula, Trees with huge legumes, the seeds embedded Cassia, in part. Tropical regions. in pulp.
409.
Fiom
a.
C. grandis (L. tils) Pers. (Cassia graudis L. tils (Kew), Cassia Brasiliana Lam., Cassia mollis V^ahl.,). South America. Horee Properties of (b). Cassia.
AND
SCIENTIFIC b.
c.
87
C. Fistula (L. ) Pers. (Cassia Fistula L., Bactyrilobium Fistula Willd. ). Southern Asia, now cult, widely in tropical regions. Golden-shower tree, Purging Cassia tree, Puddingstick tree, Pudding-pipe tree, Dru nstick tree, Tree highly ornaFruit; G ssia Fistula, U. 8. P.,(Cassire Pulpa Br.), mental. Purging Cassia, Fructus cassine fistuhe; Uer. Rohrkassie, Kohrenkassie, Purgirkassie; Fr. Casse officinale (Codex) Ciisse en batons; Sp. Caiia tistula; Laxative, mildly cathartic. C. moschtitus G. Don (Cassia moschata Kunth. ). Panama. Fruit resembles that of (b. ) but is lighter colored and somewhat astringent.
CAT6P!SIS, Griseb. About 3 species,
410.
Herbs.
nual herbs.
Catopsis. Broiiieliaceae. tropical America; 1 in U. S.
Hedge
CATJCALIS, L. The Greek name.
411.
a.
POPUJ.AR.
Parsley.
Umbelliferae.
An-
Syn. Tordylium, Torilis, in part. About 20 species, northern hemisphere.
(Tord. Anthriscus L., Torilis An) Huds. thriscus Pernli. ). Europe, adv. in U. S. P^rect Hedge-parsley, Eough Chervil, Jlenilock Chervil, Scabby-head, Kough Cicely,
C. Anthriscus (L.
Hogweed, Lady's-needlework. 412.
CAULASTHUS,
S.
From Greek, "stem all of
413.
Wats.
flower".
Caulanthus. Herbs. Seven
species,
California and vicinity.
CAULOPHYLLUM,
Michx. Blue Cohosh. Berberidaceae.
From Greek, "stem
leaf".
Syn.
glaucous herb with a single compound a.
Cruciferae.
known
Leontice, leaf.
One
in
part.
A
species.
Canada C. thalictroides (L.) Michx. (L. thalictroides L. ). to N-: Carolina, Missouri and Nebraska, also in Japan. Blue Cohosh, Pappoose-root, Squaw-root, Blueberry-root, Blue GinYellow Ginseng. Rhizome, and roots^; Caulophyllum, seng, U. S. P.; demulcent, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, diuretic.
CAYAP6nIA, Silv. Manso 1836. Ciieurbitaceae. Syn. Trianosperma, Mart. 1843; Bryonia, in part. Herbaceous climbers. About 65 species, mostly of tropical America; 2 in U. S.
414.
a.
C. Americjilia (Lam.) Cogn. (B. Americana Lam.). Indies. Properties of Bryonia dioica, q. v.
b.
C. flcifolia Cogn. (T.
ficifolia
Cogn.
).
Brazil.
Tayuya.
West
Root
alterative, emetic.
CEAN6tHUS,
Ked-root, etc. L. Rhamiiaceae. Shrubs with white or blue of a kind of thistle. panicled flowers. About 50 species, all of U. S. and northern
415.
Greek name
Mexico.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
88 a.
Americ^nus L. Ontario to Manitoba and south to the Gulf. Red root, New Jersey Tea, Jersey Tea, Wal^ole Tea, MountainWild Snowball, Spi angles; Gcr, Seckelblume; Fr. sweet,
C.
Ceanothe. i?oo'UM, L. Chrysogonum. Coiiipositae. From Greek, '•golden knee'". Perennial herb with yellow flowers. One species, southeastern U. S.
484.
CHRYS6mA, T. & Gr. Chrysoma. Coiiipositae. Syn. Aplopappus, Bigelovia, in part. Perennial herbs resembling Solidago. About 14 species, southwestern U. S.
485.
486.
CHRYSOPHYLLUM, From Greek, "golden
Lucuma. regions; 1 a.
L.
Star-apple.
C. Cainito L. (Cainito pomifemmTuss.). apple, Cainito. Fruit esculent.
487.
Sapotaceae.
Syn. Cainito, in part. See Trees with milky juice. About 60 species, tropical in U. S. leaf".
West
Indies.
Star-
CHRYSOPLEMUM, From
L. Golden Saxifrage. 8axifragaceae. Greek, " golden spleen". Small semi- aquatic herbs. species, north temperate zone and S. America; 4 in
About 15 U. a.
S.
C. Americaiium Schw. British America and northern U. S. Water-carpet, Golden Saxifrage. [In Europe some species are used as salad, called Rock-cress; Ger. Goldmilz; Fr. Cresson de roches].
488.
CHRYS(3pSIS, Nutt. 1818. Golden From Greek, of "golden appearance''.
1818. in
[not Poiret 1811], also Inula,
part
Perennial herbs.
About 35
Aster.
Coiiipositae.
Syn. Diplogon, Raf.
Ame'llus,
Diplopappus, and Mexico.
species, U. S.
)
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
100 a.
C. gramiuifolia (Michx. ) Nutt. (I. graminifolia Michx. Grass-leaved Golden-aster, Golden-star, Southeastern U. S. Silver Aster, Silver-grass, Silk-grass, Scurvy-grass.
b.
Alabama to C. yillosiis (Pursh) Nutt. (A, villosus Pursh. ). Nebraska and British Columbia. Hairy Golden-aster or Rosinwood.
CHRYSOTHAMNUS,
Chrysothamnus. Compositae. Syn. Linosyris, Aplopappus, Bigelovia, in part. Low shrubs with numerous small flowerheads (yellow). About 30 species, all of U. S., mostly western.
489.
From Greek,
a.
Nutt. ''golden bush".
New Mexico to California and C. nauseosus (Pursh) Brit. British Columbia. Fetid Rayless-Goldenrod§, Eabbit-brush.
490.
CHYLISMA, Small. Syn. Oenothera, in part.
Chylisma. Ona^raceae. Herbs. Seven species in (J. S.
CHYTRACULIA, P. Br. 1756. Chytraculia. Myrtaceae. Shrubs or Syn. Calyptranthes Sw. 1788; Eugenia, in part. trees. About 90 species. New World; 1 in U. S.
491.
492.
CIBte(/ /a/cx; Scammonium, U. S. P., Br.; Gummi-resina Scamuionium, Diagrydium; Scammony; Ger. Scammonium, Scamraon; Fr. Scammonee d'Alep (Codex). Cathartic, hydragogue. [The best quality is called virgin scammony. The Aleppo is considered better than the Smyrna scammony]
c.
Sepium R. Br. (Kew)]. Europe, Asia and X. America, south to N. Carolina and Utah. Hedge Bindweed, Bracted or Great Bindweed, Bell-bind, Greater Bear-
C. Sepiiim L. [Cal.
bind, Creeper, Hedge-bells, Hedge-lily, Lily-bind, Ladies' nightcap, Rutland-beauty, Woodbind, Woodbine*, German
Scammonyf. spitliamaeus L. (Cal. spithamsea Paeste (Kew), V. spithamseus Kze. ). British America and eastern U. S. Upright Bindweed, Dwarf Morning-glory, Bracted Bindweed.
d. C.
Prairie Lily. COOPERIA, Herb. Amaryllidaeeae. Named for Daniel Cooper of London, d. 1842. Scapose herbs from bulbs. Two species, southern U. S. and Mexico.
564.
565.
COPAIVA, Jacq. 1760. From vernacular name.
Copaiba. Caesalpiiiaceae. Syn. Copaiba, Adans. 1763, (Mill. l_73y), Copaifera, L. 1762. Trees or shrubs. About 12 spe-
cies, tropical S.
a.
America and
Africa.
C. Langsdorfli (Desf.) O. Kze. (Copaifera Langsdorfii Desf. ). Brazil. Oleoresin from this and other species, Ccpaiba, U. S. P., Br., Balsamum Copaivse, P. G., Balsam of Copaiba (Copaiva, Capivi); Ger. Copaivabalsam; Fr.-Copalm (Codex), Baume de Copalm; Sp. Balsamo di Copaive. Antiseptic, -diuretic,
balsamic.
Other species yielding balsam of Copaiba are(b) C. coridcea (Mart.) Lyons (Copaifera coriacea Mart.), Brazil; (c) C. Gniauensis (Desf. ) Lyons (Copaifera Guianensis Desf.),
Guiana
to Brazil;
officinalis L., C.
and
(d) C. offlciiidlis (L.) Lyons (Copaifera Jacquini Desf.), Venezuela, New Grenada
VV. Indies.
566. COFERNICIA, Named in honor
Mart. 1837. of Copernicus.
Wax
Palm.
Sabalaceae.
Syn. Chrysophylla,
Blume
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
116
Fan 1836, not Chrysophyllum L. 1752; Corypha, in part. palms of medium size. About 6 species, tropical America. a.
Brazil. ) Mart. (Cor. cerifera Arruda). Palm. Young leaves coated with a vegetable Carnauba wax, used for candles, etc. i^oof alterative, like
C. cerifera Brazilian
(Ar.
Wax
ivax,
Sarsaparilla.
c6pTIS, Salisb. From Greek, "cut
567.
)art.
W-
Gold-thread. Ranimculaceae. leaved". Syn. Helleborus, Isopyrum, in About 9 species, north temperate zone; 5 in
Herbs.
S.
a.
India. C. Teeta Wallich. thread. Properties of (b).
b.
C. trifolia (L.
pumilus
Salisb.
)
Salisb.
I.
(H.
Mishmee
Chinese Gold-
H. trilobus Lam., H. British America, south to Gold-thread, Canker-root, Mouth-
trifolius L.,
trifolium Brit.
Maryland and Minnesota.
Bitter,
).
Gelbe Niesswurz, Kleinste Niesswurz; Boot Bitter tonic. Contains berberine.
root, Yellow-root; Ger.
Fr. Coptide.
CORALLORHIZA,
Coral-root. K. Br. Orchidaceae. Greek, "coral-root". Syn. Cymbidiura. Scapose herbs with coral-like roots. About 15 species, north temperate zone; 8 in U. S.
568.
From
a.
C. odoiitoiiiizon (Willd. ) Nutt. (Cymbidium odontorhizon. Massachusetts to Florida and west to Missouri. Willd. ). Small-riowered Coral-root, Small or Late Coral-root, CrawleyChickens'-toes, Dragon' s-cl aw, Turkey-claw, root, Crawley, Fever-root; most of these names also applied to other species. [The roots of other species are Boot diaphoretic, febrifuge. no doubt collected as crawley-root, notably of (b) C. multiflora Nutt.].
669.
c6rCH0RUS,
Jew's Mallow, Jute.
L.
Tiliaceae.
Herbs and small Greek name of a plant with bitter taste. About 50 species, warmer regions of Old and Kew shrubs. 2 in U. S. World; a.
India and widely naturalized.
C. capsiilaris L.
Jute plant.
Fiber, jute, used for gunny-bags, carpets, etc. b.
India and cult, in most sub-tropical countries. Jew' s Mallow. Shoots used as a pot herb. Fibe7^ forms part of the jute of commerce.
C. olitoriiis L.
CORDIA, SeeYARRONIA. 670.
COREMA,
Don. 1826.
From Greek 1842;
woi'd for
Empetrum,
Broom Crowberry.
"broom"
in part.
Low
Europe, one of northeastern U. a,
Syn. shrubs. •
Two
species,
one ©f
S.
Newfoundland to New Jersey near the Plymouth Crowberry, C]onrad's Broom Crowberry^,
C. Coiirddii Torr. coast.
Empetraceae* Tuckerm.
Gakesia,
Brown Crowberry, Crakeberry*,
Foverty-grass.
SCIENTIFIC
571.
AND POPULAR.
117
C0RE6pSIS,
L. Ticksecd Sunflower. Compositae. Greek, "bug like" of the achenia. Syn. Calliopsis, in part. Herbs, mostly with showy flowers. About 50 species, America, S. Africa and Australia; 25 in U. S.
From
a.
,
Central U. S. and cult, in gardens. C. tiiictoria Nutt. en Coreopsis, Wild Flax* Nuttall's weed.
572.
C0RETHR6GYNE,
DC.
Corethrogyne.
From Greek, "broom
style" 6 species, all of California.
573.
CORIANDRUM,
Classical name a single species.
a.
L.
Gold-
Compositae. About
Aster-like perennials.
Coriander.
from the bug-like
smell.
Uinbelliferae.
Herb.
Probably
Asia, cult, and adv. in U. S. C. sativum L. Coriander (Coliander). The fruit; Coriandrum. U. S. P.; Coriandri fructus, Br., Semen coriandri; Coriander seed. Coriander; Ger. Koriandersamen, Fr. Coriandre (Codex); Sp. Cilantro, Culantro. Aromatic, carminative, condiment. Source of oil of coriander.
574.
CORIARIA, From Latin,
L. Tanner's Sumac. Coriariaceae. "tanner's" shrub. Poisonous shrubs. About 10 species, warmer regions of Old and New World.
a.
C. myrtifolia L. (C. tinctoria Dulac. ). Southern Europe and northern Africa. Tanner's Sumac, Currier's Sumac, Ger. Gerberstrauch; Fr. Redoul, Sumac des corroyeurs. Fruit poisonous. Leaves have been used to adulterate Senna.
b.
NewZeland. Wine-berry shrub. Tutu C. sarmentosa Forst. (vernacular). Toot plant. Seeds poisonous, but wine is made from the juice of the fruit. Source of the New Zealand tootpoison.
575.
CORISPERMUM,
L. Bug-seed, Tick-seed. Clienopodiaceae. Greek, "bug seed". Herbs. About 10 species, circumpolar; 1 in U. S., viz. (a) C. hyssopifolium L., Bug-weed,
From
Tumbleweed.
576.
CORNUS,
L.
Cornel,
Dogwood.
(.ornaceae.
The Latin name, "horny", from hardness
of the wood. Shrubs or trees. About 25 species, north temperate zone, Mexico and Peru; 20 in U. S. »
a.
Canada and northeastern V. S. C. alternifolia L. fils. or Purple Dogwood, Green Osier, Umbrella treef.
b.
C.
Blue
Amoniim Mill. ( C. sericea L. ) Ontario and eastern U. S. Silky Cornel, Blue-berried Cornel, Kinnikinic (Killikinic), Female or Swamp Dogwood, Ked-brusli, Red Osier, Red-rod, Red Willowf. Rose Willowf, Squaw-bush; Ger. Sumpfkornel'; Fr. Cornouiller soyeux. Bark bitter, expectorant, nauseant. .
'
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
118 c.
e.
British America, south to New Jersey, Minnesota and California. Low or Dwarf Cornel, Bunch-berry, Very Bunch Plum, Cracker-berry, Small Fowering-cornel. similar to this is the arctic (d) C. Suecica L., called Plantof-gluttony and Dwarf Houeysucklef.
C. Canadensis L.
C. circinata L'Her. (C. rugosa Laur., possibly the older name). Canada and northeastern U. S. Bound-leaved Cornel or Dog-
wood, Green Osier. f.
Bark
bitter, astringent, febrifuge.
Ontario and eastern U. S. Flowering Dogwood, Dogwood; American, Virginia or Florida Dogwood, Boxwood; New England, American or Falf//-,r bitter, anti(G. laeve Miers) of Brazil is Pao Pareira. Greek,
'bordered seed".
periodic.
GELASIXE,
876.
Herb.
Bulbous herbs. ern U. S.
877.
One
Gelasine. Iridaceae. or two species. New AVorld; 1 in south-
GELIDIUM, Lam.
Agar-agar.
Syn. Cornea, Stackh.
Seaweeds abounding
Oelidiaceae. See
^
in gelose.
Eucheuma. a. (t.
coriienin
Lam.
(
'oasts oi
China.
One
of severa
seaweeds
from which the Chinese edible bird's nests are made. This together Avith (b) Gloiopeltis tcuax J. Agardh, as well as species of Eucheuma and Sphaerococcus constitute Agar-agar. 878.,
GELSEMir3I, From
Italian
Yellow Jasmine. Juss. Logauiaceae. of "Jasmine". Syn. Lisianthus, Bigno-
name
niat, in part. Twining woody vines with showy yellow flowers. Two species, one of eastern Asia, one of U. S.
sempervirens (L.) Ait. f. (B. sempervirens L. G. nitidum Michx.,L. sempervirens Miller, Anonymos sempervirens Walt., Virginia to Florida, Texas and south to G. lucidum Poiret). ( Tuatemala. Yellow Jasmine or Jessamine, Carolina Jessamine, Carolina Wild Woodbine, Evening Trumpet-flower; Ger. Gelber Jasmin, Jasminbignonie, Immergrline Trompetenblume^ Giftjasmin, Gelseinie; Fr. Gelsemium (Codex), Jasmin sauRhizome and roots; Gelsemiuin, V. S. P., vage; Sp. Gelsemio. Gelsemii radix, Br. antispasmodic, arterial and nervous seda-
a. (t,
,
;
tive.
Blackberry Lily. Iridaceae. GEM3liNGIA, Fabr. 1759. Syn. Belamcanda, Adans., 1763; Pardanthus, Ker. 1805; Ixia, in part. Rather robust herb with fruit resembling in appearance a blackberry. One species, eastern Asia, nat. in U. S. (a) G. Chineusis (L. ) Kze. (Ixia Chinensis L. ); Blackberry Lily, Leopard-flower, Dwarf Tiger-lily.
870.
880.
Genip tree. L. from vernacular, West Indies.
GE^'IPA,
Xame
lent fruit.
U. a.
About 10
Rubiaeeae.
-
Trees with succu-
species, mostly of tropical
America;
1
in
S.
Genip tree, Genipap (vernaS. America. G. Aiiiericdua L. Fruit cular Genipapo), in Surinam called Marmalade-box. The Seven-year Apple from(b) (large as an orange) esculent. G. clusiaefolia Griseb., West Indies to Florida, is not edible.
881.
GENISTA,
L.
name (from
Broom, Whin.
Papilionaceae.
Celtic gcu a *'bush), applied originally to Spartium junceum L. From this comes Fr. genet and hence Shrubs, some thoniy, with Plantagenet (Plante a genet). showy yellow flowers. About 80 species, temperate regions of
Latin
Old World.
)
SCIENTIFIC a.
AND POPULAR.
171
a, tiuctoria L. (including G. pubescens L, and G. lucida Kittel). Europe and northern Asia, nat. in U, iS. Dyer's Broom, Dj'e-weed, Green-Aveed, Alleluia, Base Broom, (heen Broom, Dyer's Furze, Dyer's Whin, Groonwood, Woad-waxen, WoodAvax, Wood- waxen, Waxen-woad, Widow- wisse, AVudwise; Ger. Farberginster, Gilbkraut, Glosen. rise),
H.
cytisogenistse;
diuretic,
Herb
,
H. genistw
cathartic,
(
tincto-
formerly used to
produce the famous Kendal green. Gentian. GENTIANA, L. Named for King Gentius of Illyria.
882.
(ieutiaiiaceae. Bitter herbs with showy
yellow or white flowers. About 800 species, north temperate and Arctic zones and 8. America; 43 in U. S.; Ger, Enzian; Fr. Gentiane; Sp. Genciana,
blue, purple,
a.
G. crinita Froel. Ontario to Georgia and west to Iowa and Minnesota. Fringed Gentian, Larger Fringed Gentian.
b.
Yellow (ientian, G. liitea L. Southern and central Europe. Pale Gentian, Bitter-root, Bitterwort, Felwort. Boot; Q-entiana, U, S. P., Gentianae radix.. Br., K. gentiana? P. G., E. gentians rubrae v. lutese v. majoris; Ger. Enzianwnrzel, Bitterwurzel, Pother Enzian; Fr. Gentiane (Codex), Kacine [The smaller roots also of (c) de gentiane jaune; bitter, tonic. G. Paimonica Scopoli, Austria; (d) G. punctata L., Alps to the Balkans, and (e) G. purpurea L., Alps, Carpathian Mountains and Norway, are collected with those of (t. lutea, and are recognized in some of the European pharmacopoeias.]
f.
g.
(G. quinqueflora Lam. ). Gentian, Stift" Gentian, Ague-weed, Gall-weed, Plant bitter, tonic.
G. quiuquefolia L.
Five flowered Blue Gentian. <
G. Sapouaria L. (G. Catesbaei Walt., not of Elliott). Ontaria SoapAvort to Florida and west to Louisiana and ^Minnesota. Gentian; Mai-sh or Eough Gentian, Calathian X'iolet, Harvestother bells. (This and species are used under various names such as American Gentian, Blue or Southern Gentian, Sampson Snakeroot for the same uses as the European Gentian Other species of indigenous gentians are ( h) G. aciita Michx. )erhaps only a variety of the Old World G. Amerella L. ), .
No (orthern (i)
(jentian,
Baldmoney (Bawdmoney), Bastard Gentian:
G. Audrewsii Griseb. (G. alba Muhl.
),
Closed or Blind
Gentian, Cloistered-heart, Barrel Gentian, Bottle Gentian; (j) G. detonsa Rottb. (G. serrata Gunner), Smaller Fringed Gentian; (k) G. EUiottii Chapm. (G. Catesbyei Ell., not of Walt, G. scaberrima Kusnezow), Elliott's G«-ntian; (1) G. flavida A. Gray (G. alba A. Gray 1848 not Muhl. 1818), Yellowish Gentian; (m) G. Porpliyrio J. F. Gmel. (G. purpurea Walt, not L., G. angustifolia Michx.), One-flowered Gentian; (n) G. villosa L. (G. ochroleuca Froel.), Striped (Jentian, Straw Colored or Marsh Gentian. [There has been nmch confusion in the nomenclature, scientific as well as popular of on v gentians.]
GERANIUM,
Geranium, Cranesbill. L. Geraiiiaceae. "crane", alluding to beak of fruit, an ancient plant name. Perennial herbs. About 17o species, temperate regions; 21 in U. S.
.
From Greek,
.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
172 a.
G. macula turn L. Canada and eastern U. S. south to Georgia. Cranesbill, Spotted or Wild Cranesbill, Storksbill, Spotted or Wild Geranium, Alum-root, Alum-bloom, Chocolate-flower, Crowfoot*, Dove-foot, Old-maid' s-night-cap, Shame-face; Ger. Fleckstorchschnabel Fr, Bec-de-grue tachete, Geranium macule, Pied-de-corneille; Sp. Geranio. Bhizame; Qrer&mMm, U. S. P., ,
;
astringent.
Robertianum
Canada
New
Jersey, west to Missouri Asia and northern Africa. Herb Robert, Fox Geranium, Mountain Geranium, Deathcome-quickly, Dragon's-blood* Red-Eobin, Red-bird, RedRedshanks, Rock-weed, Sailor' s-knot, vStinking bird's-eye, Cranesbill, VVren' s-flower, Jenny- wren; Ger. Ruprechtskraut, Hei^b astringent, Bockstorchschnabel; Fr. Herbe a Robert.
b. Gr.
and Manitoba,
L.
also
to
Europe,
in
discutient, diuretic.
884.
Gerardia. GrERARDIA, L. Named for John Gerarde, author of
Scrophulariaceae. the Herbal,
d.
1612.
About Herbaceous or suffruticose plants with showy flowers. 40 species, New World; 20 in U. S. See also Dasystoma. 885.
GEUM,
L.
Avens.
-
Rosaeeae.
-
The
ancient Latin name. Syn. Stylipus, in part. herbs with yellow, white, rarely purple flowers. north temperate zone; 17 in U. S. species, mostly in a. (x.
ciliatiim
Perennial
About 40
Pursh (G. triflorum Pursh.). British America and Long-plumed Purple Avens, Johnny-smoker,
northern U. S. Prairie-smoke. b.
Northern Europe, Asia and N. America, south to G. rivale L. Pennsylvania and Colorado. Water Avens, Purple or Drooping Avens, Evans-root, Chocolate- root, Indian Chocolate, Curei^^t^ome and j-oo^/e^s; Rad. caryall, Maidenhair*, Throat-root, ophyllatse aquaticte, Rad. benedictfe sylvestris; Ger. Sumpfnelkenwurzel, Wasserbenediktenwurzel; Fr. Racine de benoite aquatique; astringent, tonic, stomachic.
c.
British G. strictiim Ait. (G. Canadense Murr., not Jacq. ). Yellow Avens, America, south to New Jersey and Arizona. Yellow Bennet. Black-bur (local U. S.).
d.
G. iirbaniimL. (G. caryophyllatum Pers. ). Europe. European Avens (Avance, Evans), Bennet, Herb Bennet or Bennett, Blessed herb, Clove-root, City Avens, Yellow or Wood Avens, Goldy-harefoot, London-basket, Star-of-the-earth Ger. NelkenBhizome; Rad. wurz, Benedictenwurz; Fr. Benoite (Codex). (Rhizoma) car}'ophyllat?e, Rad. gei. Properties of (b). ;
e.
Rough G. Virginiaiiiim L. Canada and northeastern U. S. Avens White Avens, Red-root, Throat-root, Chocolate-root, (this name applied to other species having a similarly colored These names apply equally, except root), American Bennet. the first to (f) G. Canadense Jacq. (G. album Gmel. (Kew), G. Carolinianum AValt. ) which is properly American White Avens. Properties of ( b ) ,
AND POPULAR.
SCIENTIFIC
GIFOLA,
886.
Cotton Kose,
Cass.
17S
Compositae,
etc.
Anagram
of Filago. Syn. Filago, Gnaphalium, in part. AVhite-woolly herbs, resembling Filago. About 10 species, [Heller catalogues warm and temperate regions; 5 in U. S. the species as Filago. ]
Europe, (Filago Germanica L. ). ) Dumort Cotton Kose, Chafe- weed. Cudweed, Childing Cudweed, Down-weed, Herb Christopher*, Hoarwort, Owl's-crown; formerly called Herba impia. Plant reputed vulnerary.
a. (x.
Oerinanica (L.
nat. in
U. S.
GIGARTINA,
Stackh. Sea Moss. Syn. SphiBrococcus, Mastocarpus, in part.
887.
About 50
lated to Chondrus. a. (x.
mamillosa Greville
(S.
species,
Oigariiiieae.
Seaweeds rewidely distributed.
mamillosus Argardh, M. mamillosus
Kutzing).
Coasts of north Atlantic. Irish Moss, in part. Plant; Chonclrus, U. S. P., in part. See Chondrus crispus.
GILIA, K. &
888.
P.
for Philip Gil, Collomia, in part. Herbs, cies,
889.
A
New
Gilia.
.
Named
World; 63 in U.
Polemoiiiaceae.
-
Spanish botanist. some ornamental.
Syn.
Cantua,
About 75
spe-
S.
Maidenhair tree. OINKGO, L. 1771. Taxaceae. Vernacular Japanese name. Syn. Salisburia, Sm. 1797. tree with leaves resembling frondlets of an Adiantum.
Sm. ). China and Japan, and Gingko tree, (Ginkgo, Gingo), Maidenhair tree; Chinese name Yin-hing (i. e. Silver Apri»Seec?s, called by the Chinese Pa-koo, almond-like, esculent cot). biloba L. (S. adiantifolia often planted as a shade tree.
a. Gf.
yield a fixed
890. 891.
oil.
GITH6pSIS,
Xutt. Inconspicuous annuals.
species,
both of California.
OLADIOLUS, From
corms.
L. Sword-lily. Latin, dim. of gladius, a 'sword".
Iridaceae.
Herbs from fleshy and the Mediterranean region. *
About 90
species, Africa
South Africa. a.G. edulis Burchell. chestnuts when roasted. b.
Canipamilaceae.
Githopsis.
Two
Corms
edible, tasting
G. paliistris Gaudin (G. Boucheanus Schlecht.
).
like
Sword-lily,
Round Ramson, Round Mandrake, Corn Flag; Ger. Runder AUermannsbarnisch, Siegmarswurz. rotundi, Bulbi gladioli; vulnerary.
892.
(xLAl^CIUM,
Name from
Juss.
Corms,
Horned Poppy.
Bulbi victorialis
Papaveraceae.
Greek, alluding to ''glaucous" foliage. Chelidonium, in part. Glaucous herbs with yellow About 6 species, mostly of Mediterranean region. a.
Syn. latex.
Grlaiiciiim (L. ) Karst. ( Chelidonium Glaucium L., G. flavum Crantz (Kew), G. luteum Scop. ). Southern Europe, adv. in U. S. Yellow Horned Poppy, Y^ellow Sea Poppy, Horn Poppy, Bruise- root. Bruise wort, Spatmore, Squatmore, Sea Celandine; Fresh plant or juice of Ger. Hornmohn; Fr. Pavot cornu. plant purgative, hydragogue; (b) G. coriiiciildtiim Curtius has similar properties.
G.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
174
OLAUX,
vSea Milkwort, etc. L. Primulaceae. ancient name of Milk-vetch, meaning "sea green". herbs of salt marshes. Two species, one Small bnt rather pretty of north temperate zone, one of S. America.
803.
The
maritima L. Northern Europe, Asia and N. America. Sea Milkwort, Black Saltwort, Sea Trifoly; Ger. Milchkraut; Fr. Glance.
a. (x.
Ground Ivy. GLECH^MA, L. Labiatae. Ancient Greelc name of a Labiate plant. Syn Nepeta, in Creeping herbs. About 6 species. Old World. part.
894.
a.
G. hederacea L. (Nepeta Glechoma Benth., N. hederacea B. S. Europe, widely nat. in U. S. Ground Ivy, Field Balm, P.). Gill-over-the-ground, Alehoof or Tanhoof ( so called from use in brewing), Cat's-foot, Cat's-paw, Creeping-Charlie, Crowvictuals, Gill-ale, Gill-go-by-the-ground, Gill- run. Hay-hove, Hay-maids, Hedge-maids, Hove, Kobm-run-away, Eobin-runin-the-hedge; Ger. Gundelreben; Fr. Lierre terrestre (Codex). Herb formerly reputed stimulant tonic, etc.
^S()o.
Caesalpinaceae. GLEDITSIA, L. 1742. (Gleditschia). Named for J. D. Gleditsch, German botanist, d. 1786. Syn.
Melilobus, Mitch. 1748.
America and Asia; 2 a.
Thorny
trees.
About 5
species,
N.
in U. S.
G. aqudtica Marsh. (G. monosperma Walt. (Kew), G. Carolinensis Lam.). Indiana and southward, west to Missouri.
Water Locust, Swamp Locust. b.
G. triacanthos L. (G. spinosa Marsh. G. brachycarpa, Pursh., Michigan to G. Meliloba Walt., G. heterophylla Raf. ). Honey Locust, Sweet Georgia, west to Texas and Kansas. Locust, Thorn or Black Locust, Honey, Honey-shucks, Sweetbean, Three-thorned Acacia. Pods contain a saccharine pulp. Glinus. Aizoaceae. GLINUS, Lofl. Syn. Mollugo, in part. About (> Herbs, rarely shrubby. species; tropical and subtropical regions; 1 in U. S.
>»9(>.
GLOBULARIA,
Globularia. L. Globular iaceae. About 15 Latin, a "little ball" Herbs or shrubs. species, Mediterranean region.
897.
From
a.
.
Southern Europe. Wild G. Alypiim L. (G. virgata Salisb. ). Senna, European Wild Senna. Leaves used as a substitute for true senna.
GLOSSOPETALON,
Gray. (Glossopetalum). Sapiudaceae. Spiny shrub. Greek, "tongue" and "petal". One species, U. S. and Mexico.
898.
From
GLOTTIDIUM,
Benth. Glottidium. Papilioiiaceae. Greek, '* throat-like". Syn. Sesbania, in part. Herbs with pinnate leaves. One species in southern U. S.
S9t).
From
.
SCIENTIFIC
AXD POPULAR.
17")
(tLYCINE, L. Soy Bean, etc. Papilioiiaceae. Sjn. Doliclios, Soja, in part. Herbs, mostly climbing or prostrate. About 16 species, tropical Asia, Africa and Aus-
900.
tralia.
a.
G. hispida Maxim. (S. hispida Moench). China and Japan. Soy Bean, Sahuca Beau, White Gram, called in Japan Miso. Seeds esculent, used for preparation of Japanese Soy ( Sooja ) (_b) G. Soja (L. ) S. & Z. (D. Soja L.). is said to' be a distinct species, but probably used in the same manner (Mueller). ;
GLYCOSMA,
Xutt. Glycosma. Umbelliferae. Greek, "sweet smellino;" Syn. Osmorrhiza, Myrrhis, in part. Herbs with anisate odor. Two species, southAvestern U. S.
901.
From
.
GLYCYRRHIZA,
902.
L. 1737
Licorice. 'sweet root"
Papilioiiaceae. Syn. Liquiritia, Medic, 1787. Perennial herbs with sweet roots. About 20 species, north temperate zone, S. America and Australia; 1 in
The Greek name, meaning
u. a.
.
s.
Southern Europe. ( b
G. echiuata L. Licorice.
b.
'
Properties of
Sicilian Licorice, Calabrian
j
G. glabra L. (G.
officinalis Lepech. L. officinalis Moench., G. vulgaris Gueld.). Southern Europe to central Asia. Licorice (Liquorice, Lickorice, Lickerice. Licourize). Boot and underground stun; Glycyrrhiza, U. S. P., Glycyrrhiza? radix Br. R. liquiritise, P. G. K. glycyrrhiza^ hispanicae; Licorice-root, Sweet-root, Sweet-Avood, Spanish Juice-root or Juice- wood; Ger. Siissholz, Slissholzwurzel, Lakritzenholz; Fr. Reglisse (Codex), Bois de reglisse, Bois doux, Racine douce; Sp. Orozuz, Regaliz, Palo dulce; demulcent, has the property of masking bitterness of quinine. ;
c.
G. glandulifera Wald.
e^Kitt. (G. glabra, var. glandulifera Regel & Herder). Hungary, Turkey, west to Turkestan. Probably only a variety of (b). The source especially of Rus-
sian licorice-root. d.
G. lepidota Pursh. fornia.
903.
Wild
British America, south to Licorice, American Licorice.
GLYPTOPLEl RA, From
Greek,
Eaton. "carved rib".
flowers disproportionately large.
Iowa and
Cali-
Glyptopleura. Ciohorlaceae. Dwarf winter annuals with
Two
species, deserts of
Utah
and Nevada.
GNAPHALIUM, L. Cudweed, Everlasting, etc. ('oinpositae. Old Greek name of a plant, meaning "woolly'". Woolly herbs with small flower heads. About 120 species, widely distrit)uted; 18 in U. .S. vSynonym.s are Chafl-weed, Petty Cotton; Ger. Katzenpfotchen, Immei-sohon; Fr. Pied de chat.
904.
Immortelle; Sp. (rordolobo.
)
PLANT NAMES ANT) SYNONYMS
176 a.
Canada to 0. obtiisifolium L. (G. polvcephalum Michx. ). Life-everlasting', Florida and west to Texas and Manitoba. Sweet Balsam, Field or White Balsam, Old-field Balsam, Balsam-weed, Chafe-weed, Everlasting, Sweet-scented or Fragrant Feather-weed,
Life-everlasting,
Fuzzy-guzzy,
Moonshine, Poverty-weed, Rabbit Tobacco.
Indian-posy
Herh aromatic,
anodyne, antiseptic. b.
G. sylTaticiini L. Europe, northern Asia and N. America, where it is perhaps only naturalized. Wood Cudweed, Golden Motherwort, Chafeweed, Owl's-crown. Floicering tops diaphorhot infusion.
etic (in c.
G. uliginosuiu L. Europe and northern Asia, nat. (or perhaps Low Cudweed, Mouse-ear, indigenous) in northern U. S. Dysentery- weed. Marsh Cudweed, Wartwort, Small Life Everlasting. Herb demulcent, stomachic.
GNAPHALODES,
905.
From Greek,
Gnaphalodes.
A. Gray.
Compositae.
''resembling Gnaphalium".
Khyncolepis, in part.
Low
Syn. Micropus, Three floccose- woolly annuals.
species in California.
GOCHNATIA, H. B. K. Named for F. C. Gochnat
906.
Gochnatia.
Compositae.
of Strasburg. Syn. Moquinia, in About 10 spepart. Shrubby plants with coriaceous leaves. cies, New World; 1 in Texas. Godetia. GODETIA, Spach. Onagraceae. Annuals resembling Oenothera, Syn. Oenothera, in part. but with purple or pink, instead of yellow flowers. About 20' species, New World; 16 in U. S. (Pacific border.)
907.
GOMPHOCARPUS,
P.Br. Gomphocarpus.Asclepiadaceae. Greek, "club-fruit". Syn. Acerates, iu part. Shj-ubs or herbs. About 50 species, mostly of Africa and Arabia; 2 in
908.
From
California.
GOMPHRENA, L. (Gomphraena). Amaranthaceae. Herbs or sub-shrubs. About 9( species, tropical America, a few in Asia and Australia; 5 in U. S.
909.
GOKOLOBUS,
Michx. (Gonolobium). Asclepiadaceae. Greek, "angle pod"'. Shrubs and shrubby climbers. About 85 species. New World. See Vincetoxicum and Mesa-
910.
From
denia. a.
G. tetragoims DC. Echites hirsuta.
911.
of Malacatos.
See
Loblolly Bay. G0RD6nIA, Ellis. Theaceae. Named for James Gordon, London nurseryman, 18th Cen-
tury.
Syn. Hypericumf, in part.
About 16 a.
Cundurango de paloma Bark reputed alterative.
species,
Evergreen trees or shrubs. N. America and eastern Asia, 1 in U. S.
(L. ) Ellis (Hypericum Lasianthus L. ). Virginia to Florida. Loblolly Bay, Tan Bay, Holly Baj, Bay Holly, Black Laurel, Swamp Laurel. Bark astringent, used for tanning.
G. Lasianthus
)
SCIENTIFIC
GOSSYPIUM, L
912.
AND POPULAR. Cotton.
-
177 -
Ancient Latin name, of eastern origin.
Malvaceae, Shrubs or small
trees. About 15 species, warmer regions of Old and World; 2 cult, in U. S.
a.
New
Cotton tree, New Orleans G, arboreiim L. India to Arabia. Cotton. (G. sanguineum Hassk. of Java is referred by Mueller to this species, which does not in fact form a real tree.
Barbadense L. (Includes according to Bentley and Trimen G. vitifolium Lam., G. Peruvianum Cay., G. punctatum Schum. & Thou., G. acuminatum Roxb. and G. religiosum Parlatore, not L. ). Tropical America, cult, in southern U. S. Yields the Sea Island cotton.
b. €r.
c.
herb^ceum L. India, much cult, in tropical Asia and southern Europe. Regarded by Seeman as a variety of (a). Common Cotton of the Old World. Nankin Cotton is a variety with tawny fibre. Bark of the root of this and of other species; Cossypii radicis cortex, U. S. P., Cotton-root bark; Ger. Baumwollwurzelrinde; Fr. i^corce de la racine de cotonier; emmenagogue, parturifacient. Seeds of the various species, Semina gossypii, Sem. bombacis, source of cotton-seed oil, Oleum gosjypii semins, U. S. P. Hairs investing the seeds constitute Cotton; Gossj'pium Br. (Goss}^ium puriticatum,
Cr.
U.
S. P.),
Bombyx,
Pili
(Lana
s.
Lanugo)
gossypii,
gossypina; Fr. Coton (Codex); used for dressing wounds, as well as for textile fabrics. _ d. (t,
Lana etc.,
hirsiitum L. [G. herbaceum L. (Kew)]. Tropical America, Yields the Upland or Short-staple cotton. U. S.
cult, in
e.
G. religiosum L. (G. herbaceum L. (Kew), G. Peruvianum Cav. ). TmpicalS. America. Source of the Peruvian and Brazilian long-staple cotton, called also plant forms a small tree.
Kidney
cotton.
The
GOUASIA,
913.
Jacq. (Gouana). Chew-stick. Rhamnaceae. shrubs. About 50 species, tropical regions, especially of New AVorld; 1 in U. S.
CUmbing
a.
difilise
West Indies and Brazil. Chew-stick, Chaw-stick. Wood stomachic, tonic, used for cleansing the teeth. ^arA- aromatic, tonic.
G. Doiningensis L.
GRATIOLA,
914.
From herbs. U. S. a.
or
L. Hedge Hyssop. Scrophiilariaceae. ancient name gratia Dei of (a). Hairy perennisj About 25 species, temperate and warm regions; 13 in
Europe. officinalis L. Hedge Hyssop, Herb-of-grace (Gratia Dei); Ger. Gnadenkraut, Gottesgnadenkraut, Wildau(Codex); Sp. Graciola. Flowering herb, H. gratiol*, also root, drastic cathartic, anthelmintic. The closely related (b) G. \irginiana L. (G. officinalis Michx. not L., G.
G.
rin; Fr. Gratiole
America and U. S., is called WaG. aurea Muhl., of Canada and eastern Golden Hedge-Hyssop, is called also Goldenpert.
Carolinensis Pers. ter
U.
Jes amine; S.,
),
(c)
of British
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
178
ORAYIA, H. & Arn. (Graya). Grayia. Cheuopodiaceae. Named for Asa Gray, the distinguished American botanist. Undershrubs. Two species, Colorado to California.
915.
916.
GREENELLA,
Gray.
Named
Edward Lee Greene, the
for Rev.
der low winter-annuals.
917.
Greenella.
Two
Compositae. discoverer.
GREVILLEA,
R. Br. Silk Oak, etc. for R. K. Greville, English botani8t,
Named
Slen-
species, Arizona.
Proteaceae.
In1866. cludes the older genera Lysanthe and Stylurus of Salisbury. Trees and shrubs. About 160 species, Australia and New Caledonia. a.
G. robiista Cunningham. Oak, Silky Oak.
918.
East Australia.
d.
Silk Oak, Silk-bark
ORIN DELIA, Willd. Gum-plant, Tar- weed. Compositae. Named for Prof. H. Grindel of Riga, d. 1836. Syn. Donia,
in part. Herbaceous or suffruticose perennials with rather large flower heads (yellow). About 35 species, western N. and S. America; 25 in U. S. a.
FlowerG. robiista Nutt. California. Grindelia, Gum-plant. ing tops of this and of (b); Grindelia. U. S. P.; balsamic, anti-
b.
Central G. squarrosa ( Pursh ) Dunal ( D. squarrosa Pursh). Broad leaved Gum-plant; (c) G. g^Iutiiiosa U. S. to Mexico. Dunal, Mexico, nat. in California, Calancapatle de pueblo (Mexico) and (d) G. hirsiitula H. & Am., Pacific coat>t of U. S., have properties of (a).
spasmodic, used for relief of dyspnoeia.
919.
GUAJACUM,
L. (Guaiacum). Guaiac. Zygophyllaceae. vernacular. West Indies. Trees with pinnate leaves and blue flowers. About 10 species, tropical America; 1 in Florida. See Porliera.
From
a.
G. officinale L. (G. bijugura Stokes). West Indies and northern Guallacan tree and (b) G. Sanctum L. (G. mulS. America. tijugum Stokes). West Indies, southern Florida and northern Heart wood; Guaiaci Lignum. U. S. P., Br., S. A'uerica. Lignum guajaci v. benedictum v. sanctum. Lignum vitse, Guaiacum- wood, Guaiac- or Gaiac-wood, Pock-wood; Ger. Ouajakholz, Pockholz, Franzosenholz; Fr. Bois de gayac (Codex); Sp. Guayaco, Palo Santo; alterative, antiarthritic,
emmenagogue. 920.
GUARDIOLA, Named
flowers.
U.
Compositae.
Guardiola.
L.
Perennial herbs with white for a Spanish botanist. Four species, Mexico and bordering territory; 1 in
S.
GUAREA,
Cocillana. Meliaceae. Allem. 1771. Trees Cuba. Syn. Syncarpus, in part. About 70 species, tropical or shrubs with pinnate leaves.
921.
Vernacular name.
America and Africa. a.
G. Riisbyi
(
Brit.
)
Rusby
has properties of Ipecac.
(S.
Rusbyi
Brit.
).
Cocillana.
Boot
SCIENTIFIC
S22.
GUETTARDA,
AND POPULAR.
179
Velvet-seed.
RuMaceae.
L.
Shrubs or small trees. About 50 species, tropical America, oue of wide distribution; 2 in U. S. (a) (J. elliptica Sw., West Indies to Florida,
called Velvet-seed.
is
UUILANDINA, L. (Guilandia). Bonduc. Caesalpinaceae. Syn. Csesalpinia, in part, some botanists referring all the species to that genus. Prickly trailing shrubs. About 5 spe-
•923.
cies, tropical regions.
Boudiic L. (C. Bonduc Koxb., G. glabra Mill.). Florida and most tropical coasts. Seeds, Yellow Nicker-nuts or Nickarnuts, Bonduc-nuts (from Arabic, bondog, a necklace), Beazornuts, Molucca Bean. Properties of (b).
A. (x.
Bonducella, L. (C. Bonducella Roxb., G. aculeata Salisb. ). Tropical shores generally. Seeds, Gray Nicker-nuts, Nickerseeds, Gray Bonduc-nuts or Beazor-nuts; bitter, tonic, febrifuge. Source of Nicker-seed oil, used for embrocations. Bark tonic.
h. Gr,
^24.
GDILLEMINEA, Three
Herbs.
925.
H.
Amaranthaceae.
perhaps reducible to one;
0UIZ6tIA, Cass. 1827. Til-seed, etc. Named for the French historian, F. P. G.
Syn. Werrinuwa,
1 in
Texas.
Compositae.
Guizot, d. 1874. 1814; Verbesina, in part. Herbs reAbout 5 species, tropical Africa and Asia.
Heyne
lated to Heliopsis. a.
B. K. (Guilleminia).
species,
DC, V. sativa Roxb.). India Africa. Ramtil, Niger-seed, Black Til-seed, OilSeeds yield a bland fixed oil.
G. Abyssinica Cass. (G. oleifera
and eastern seed.
D26.
GUTIERREZIA, Named
Lag.
Brown-weed.
Compositae.
for Gutierrez, a noble family of Spain.
Syn. Solidago, in part. Herbs or sub-shrubs resembling Golden-rod. About 20 species. New World; 6 in western U. S.
927.
GYMINDA, Anagram
of
Sarg.
-
Myginda, an
cies in southeastern
U.
Gyminda. allied genus.
. Celastraceae. Shrub. One spe-
S.
GYMNANTHES,
Swz. Gymnanthes. Euphorbiaceae. flowered". Syn. Excoecaria, in part. Shrubs. About 10 species, tropical America, chiefly in West Indies; 1 in U. S.
928.
From Greek, "naked
GYMiVEMA, R. Br., not Endl. Gymnema. Asclepiadaceae. Syn. Asclepias, in part. Erect or climbing shrubs. About 30 species, warmer regions of Africa, Asia and Australia.
929.
a.
Africa and AusG. sylvestre R. Br. (A. gerainata Roxb.). tralia. Root a reputed antidote to snake poison. Leaves when chewed destroy for a time the sense of taste.
1^30.
GYMN6CLAI)US, Lam.
-
From Greek, "naked branched",
-
Caesalpinaceae.
e. not thorny. Guilandina, in part. Trees with showy white flowers. species, one of China, one of U. S. i,
Syn.
Two
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
180
dioica (L. ) Koch (O. Canadensis Lam. (Kew), G. dioica Ontario to Tennessee, west to Indian Territory and ). Nebraska. Kentucky Coffee tree, American Coffee tree, Chicot (Canada), Kentucky Mahogany, Nicker or Nickar tree. Seeds, Coffee-nurs, American Coffee-beans, formerly used as a
a. Gr.
L.
substitute for coffee.
GYMNOGRAMMA,
Desv. Gold Fern, etc. Polypodiaceae. Greek, "naked sori". The genus includes the ornamental Gold and Silver Ferns. About 30 species, especially of New World; 2 in U. S.
931.
From
932.
GYMN0L6mIA,
H. B. K. (Gymnoloma).
Compositae.
From Greek, "naked
border", alluding to absence of pappus. Perennial herbs, some shrubby, resembling Helianthus. About 25 species, warmer regions of New World; 4 in U. S.
GYMN0SP>:RMA,
Gymnosperraa. Less. Compositae. Greek, "naked seed", pappus being absent. GlutinTwo species, central N, America; 1 in ous shrubby plants. * U. S.
933.
From
GYNOCARDIA,
Chaulmugra. R. Br. 1819. Bixaceae. heart". Syn. Chalmoogra, Roxb. An ornamental 1814, Hydnocarpus, Chilmoria, in part. One species. dioecious tree.
934.
From Greek, "woman
a.
G. odorata R. Br. (Chal. odorata Roxb. (apparently the older name), H. odoratus Lindl., Chil. dodecandra Buch Ham.). Seeds yield India to Malacca. Chaulmugra (Chalmoogra).
Chaulmugra
oil,
used in cutaneous diseases.
GYPS6pHILA,
Caryopliyllaceae.
From
About 60
Gypsophyll. L. Greek, "chalk loving". Herbs. Old World; 2 nat. in U. S.
935.
a.
b.
Europe and Asia, adv. G. paniciilata L. Gypsophyll, Babies'-breath, Mist.
in
U.
S.
species,
Tall
Levant Soap-root, G. Striithinm L. ]Mediterranean region. Spanish Soapwort. Root, R. saponarise levanticse v. hispanicae V. segypticae, R. lanariae; Ger. Spanische Seifenwurzel; detergent, containing saponin.
GYR6STACHYS,
Pers. 1807. Ladies-tresses. Orcliidaceae. Syn. Spirauthes, L. C. "twisted spike". Terrestrial Rich. 1818; Neottia, Limodorum, Ophrys, in part. orchids with flowers (often fragrant) more or less spirally arranged on the spikes. About 80 species, tropical or temperate regions; 13 in LT. S.
936.
From Greek,
a.
G. cernua (L.) Kze. (S. cernua L. C. Rich. (Kew), O. cemua Noddinj? or Drooping Canada and eastern L. S. L. ). Ladies '-tresses. Wild Tuberose, Screw- auger, names not confined to this species.
b.
G. gracilis (Bigel. Bigel.
).
)
Kze. (S. gracilis Beck. (Kew), N. gracilis eastern U. S. Slender Ladies' -tresses.
Canada and
Corkscrew plant, Twisted-stalk.
SCIENTIFIC
GYROTHECA,
^37.
AND POPULAR.
Salisb. 1812.
From Greek, "round
Eed-root.
fruit" Syn. Perennial herb with red fibrous roots. West Indies.
a.
181
.
Haemodoraceae.
Lachnanthus,
One
species,
Ell.
U.
S.
1816.
and
G. capitata (Walt.) Morong (Anonymos capitata Walt., L. tinctoria Ell (Kew), G. tinotoria Salisb.). Swamps. Massachusetts to Florida and Cuba. Red-root, Indian or Carolina Eed-root, Indian Paint-root, Spirit-weed, Wool-flower.
HABENARIA,
^38.
Orchis*. Willd. Orchidaceae. Latin habena, a'^rein" or"strap". Syn. Gymnadenia, Platanthera, Orchis, in part. Terrestrial orchids. About 400 species; 37 in U. S.
From
a.
H. conopsea Benth. (G. conopsea E. Br.), and (b) H, bifolia E. Br. ( P. bifolia Eeich. ) of Europe are among the orchids yielding
salep,
the palmately divided tubers of (a) See Orchis.
called
Ead.
palmse-Christi; demulcent, nutrient.
Showy indigenous species are (c) H. ciliaris (L. ) E. Br., Yellow Fringed-orchis; (d) H. graiidiflora (Bigel. ) Torr. (H. fimbriata (Wild.) A. Gray), Purple Fringed-orchis, Large or Early Purple Fringed-orchis, Tattered-fringe, Meadow Pink; (e) H. leiicophaea (Nutt. ) A. Gray, Prairie White or Greenish Fringed-orchis; (f) H. peramoena A. Gray, Fringeless or Great Purple-orchis; (g) H, psychodes (L.) A. Gray Smaller Purple Fringed-orchis, Soldier' s-plume. Inconspicuous species are (h) H. orbiciilata (Pursh ) Torr., called Heal-all* and (i) H. bracteata (Willd.) E. Br., Long-bracted Orchis or Vegetable Satyr. (O. fimbriata Ait. not Willd.
),
Pink Fringed-orchis, Flaming Orchis,
«39.
HAEMANTHUS,
L. Blood-flower. Amaryllidaceae. "blood flower". Scapose bulbous plants. About 30 species, Africa; called also African Tulip.
From Greek,
a.
H. coccineiis L. (H. coarctatus Jacq., H. latifolius Salisb.). vSouthern Africa. Cape Tulip, Salmon-leaved Blood-flower. Bulb diuretic, antispasmodic.
HAEMAT6xYL0N,
«40.
L.
(Haematoxylum). Caesalpinaceae.
From Greek, "blood wood".
Trees of
medium
size.
One
or two species, tropical America. a.
Central America, nat. in West Indies. H. Campechianiim L. Henrt-ivood; Logwood, Block- wood, Logwood tree. Campeachy- wood: Ha30matxylon, U. S. P.,Hsematoxyli lignum,Br., Lignum campechianura v. cceruleum; Ger. Campescheholz,
Campecheholz; Blauholz; Fr. Boisde Campeche, Bois d'Inde (Codex), Bois de sing; Sp. Palo de Campeche; astringent, antiseptic; a valuable dyeing material.
941.
HAGENIA, Named
for
J. F. Gmel. 1791. K. Gottfried Hagen.
not Banksia, Forst. 1776; Brayera, tree with pinnate leaves.
Cusso. Rosaceae. Syn. Bankesia, Bruce, 1790, Kunth 1824. dioecious
A
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
182 a.
H. Abyssinica (Bruce) Gmelin (Brayera anthelmintica Kiinth (Kew), BankesiaAbyssinica Bruce).
The female
Abyssinia.
Kousso
tree.
Cusso (Cosso, Kusso, Kooso): Oasso, Br.; Flores Koso, P. G., Flores brayerse (anthelIT. S. P., minticae); Ger. Kosso, Kusso, Cousso; Fr. Cousso (Codex); inflorescence;
anthelmintic, taenicide.
942.
Hal6pHILA, From
in salt
Greek, marshes.
'
Thou.
Halophila. Valisneriaceae. Inconspicuous annuals growing widely distributed; About 5 species, 1 in U. S.
'sea loving' '
.
HALYMENIA,
Agardb. Dulse. Rhodymeniaeeae. and 'moon' or 'month' Sy n. Fucus, About 20 Khodymenia, Sphjerococcus, in part. Seaweeds.
943.
From
species, a.
Greek,
warmer
'
'sea'
'
'
'
'
' .
seas.
K
edulis Grev., S. H. edulis (L.) Agardh (F. edulis L., edulis Ktitz) and (b) H. palmatns (L. ) Agardh (F. palmatus
L.
)
Shores of Atlantic and Mediterranean.
.
Used
for food in Shetland
HAMAMELIS,
944.
Witch Hazel.
L.
Dulse,
Dallish.
and elsewhere.
Hamamelidaceae.
Greek name of a kind
of "medlar", flower and fruit being Shrubs, blossoming in autumn. Three
"boj-ne together". species, 2 of Japan; 1 in U. S.
known a.
many synonyms that are mere Scotia to Florida and west to Texas and Witch Hazel, Wych-hazel, Snapping Hazel^ Minnesota. Striped Alder, Spotted Alder, Winter bloom, Tobacco-wood; Leaves; Hamamelis, Ger. Zauberhasel; Fr. Hamamelis. U. S. P., Hamamelidis folia Br.; Bark, Hamaraelidis cortex, vulnerary. distilled extract is astringent, emollient, Br. popularly known as Pond's Extract.
H. Vir^iniana L. varieties.
(including
Nova
)
A
;
946.
HAMELIA,
Hamelia Jacq. Rubiaceae. Shrubs of M. du Hamel, French botanist. America. About 12 species; 1 in U. S.
Named tropical
946.
for
HANC6rNIA,
Gomez.
Manga ba.
Apocynaceae.
Small tree or shrub. One species, Brazil; (a) H, speciosa Gomez ( H. Gardneri Miers, H. pubescens Nees & Mart. ). Fruit (Avhen fully ripe) edible, Yields the Mangabeira rubber. See Hevea. called mangaba or mangava.
947.
HAPLOESTHES,
Gray.
Haploesthes. Coinpositae. the involucre of few bracts.
From Greek, "simple garment" Somewhat shrubby plant
of saline regions.
One species, Texas
to Colorado.
948.
HAPL6pHYT0N,
DC.
Haplophyton.
Apocynaceae.
From
Greek, "simple plant", alluding to absence of calycine glands. Perennial herb. One species, Arizona to Guatemala and Cuba.
949.
HARBOtRIA,
C.
&
R.
Harbouria. Umbelliferae. Herb with yellow flowers.
Syn. Cicuta, Thaspium, in part. One species, Colorado.
AND POPULAR.
SCIENTIFIC
183
HARDENBERGIAjBenth. Victorian Lilac. Papiliouaceae. Named for Countess Hardenberg, sister of Baron Hugel. Woody climbers. Three known species, Australia.
960.
a.
H. monophylla Benth.
Australia. Victorian Lilac, Australian Sarsaparilla, Spurious or Native Sarsaparilla. Root, a substitute for Sarsaparilla.
HARPAECARPUS, Nutt Harpsecarpus. Composiiae. Syn. Madia, Hemizonella, in part. Herbs, closely related to Madia. Three species, western U. S.
951.
952.
HARPAGONELLA, Gray. Harpagonella. Boraginaceae. Dim. of Latin harpugo, a "grappling hook". Insignificant One
annual.
953.
species, California lo Arizona.
HARPAGOPHYTUM,
DC.
Grapple-plant. Pedaliaceae.
From Greek,
"grapjjle plant", the fruits furnished with sharp hooks. Syn. Uncaria, in part. Hoary procumbent herbs. Four species, Africa; (a) H. prociiuibens DC. (U. procumbens Burch. ) is the Grapple plant, Grapnel plant or Wait-a-bit Thorn of South Africa.
954.
HARTMANNIA,
Spach.
Onagraceae.
Primrose. Louisiana.
Named for Emanuf 1 Hartman ol
Syn. Oenothera,
Herbs with diurnal flowers, red, white or purple. About 10 species. New World; 3 in U. S. in part.
955.
HARTWRIGHTIA, One
Herb.
956.
Gray.
Hartwrightia.
Compositae.
species in southern U. S.
HASTINGSIA,
Wats.
S.
Herbs closely related
Hastingsia.
to Schoenolirion.
Liliaceae.
Two
species, Cali-
fornia.
HAZARDIA, Greene. Syn. Aplopappus, in part. western U. S.
957.
958.
Hazardia. Compositae. Herbs. Six species in south-
HECASTOCLEIS, From
cre of
Gray. Hecastocleis. Compositae. Gret'k, "each shut in", each flower having an involu-
its
own.
Low
shrub with prickly leaves.
One
species,
Nevada.
HECHTIA,
Klotsch. Hechtia. Bromeliaceae. About 6 species, mostly spiny-toothed leaves. of Mexico; 1 in Texas.
959.
Her OS with
960.
HEDE6MA, From Greek,
Pennyroyal, etc. Labiatae. Syn. Melissa, Cunila, "sweet smelling^'.
Pers.
Ziziphora, in part. World; 12 in U. S. a.
Aromatic herbs.
About
15 species.
New
(L. ) Pers. (M. pulegeoides L. 1753, C. pulegeoiCanada to Florida and des L. 17t)2, Z. pulegeoides Desf.). Pennyroyal, American or Mock Pennyroyal, west to Nebraska. Squaw Mint, Hck-weed, Stinking Balm; Ger. Amerikanischer Leaves and tops, Hedeoma, Polei; Fr. Pouliot Americain. U. S. P.; aromatic, carminative, emmenagogue; source of oil of Pennyroyal also used lo drive away mosquitoes.
H. pulegeoides
;
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
184 b.
piperita Gray, not Benth. ) of Texas has properties of (a) but is less disagreeable; (c) H. piperita Benth., not A. Gray, of Mexico resembles peppermint and is used in the same manner.
H. thy moides Gray. (H.
HEDERA,
961.
The
Two a.
Ivy. Araliaceae. Evergreen climbers. name, 'clinging' one of Euro- Asia, one of Australia.
L.
classical Latin
species,
'
' .
Europe and Asia, L. (H. poetica Salisb. ). Ivy (Ivory, Hyven), English Ivy; Barren, Black, ing or Small Ivy, Woodbind, Bindwood ( Scotland ); Ger. Exudate, Ivy gum, Gummi (gemeiner), Mauerepheu.
H. Helix cult.
hederae, Gummi hederse (arboreae), Berries emeto-cathartic, narcotic. issue peas.
962.
HEDYSARUM, The Greek name
widely Creep-
Epheu
resina astringent. formerly used for
emmenagogue,
Wood
Hedysarum. L. Papilionaceae. Perennial of a Vetch, "sweet Broom".
some shrubby. About 60 species, north temperate zone and northern Africa; 6 in U.S. (a) H. Gangeticum Auct. herbs,
Root used like ipecac in dysentery.
India.
HEIMIA, Named for
963.
in part.
World; a.
1
Heimia. Link. & Otto. Dr. Heim, physician, of Berlin.
Shrubs with yellow flowers. in southern U. S.
Two
Lythraceae. Syn.
Nes-sea,
species,
New
salicif61ia.(H. B. K.; L. &0. (N. salicifolia H. B. K.). Leaves Texas, Mexico and Argentina. Hanchinol, Abro sol.
H.
diaphoretic, anti-syphilitic, insecticide.
HELENIASTRUM,
Vaill. Heleniastrum. Coiiipositae. Greek, "star Helenium". Syn. Helenium, in part. Herbs with resinous-dotted leaves. Five species, western U. S.
964.
From
Sneeze-weed. Compositae. HELENIUM, L. Greek name of Elecampane. Bitter herbs with large flower About 25 species, northern and central America; 16 in heads.
965.
U.
s.
Canada to Florida and west to Arizona and L. Sneeze-weed, Sneezewort, Swamp or False British Columbia. In Mexico called Rosilla de Sunflower, Oxeye, Yellow-star. puebla. Leaves and flowers errhine, having probably some Other species possess similar properties. narcotic properties.
a.
H. autuiimale
b.
H. tenuifolium souri.
966.
Virginia to Florida, Texas and MisNutt. Plant actively poisonous. Fine-leaved Sneeze- weed.
flowers.
a.
H.
Torr. & Gr. Helianthella. Compositae. Syn. Encelia, Geroea, diminutive of Helianthus. Perennial herbs with yellow Lithonia, in part. About 15 species, N. A^merica; 12 in U. S.
HELIANTHELLA,
Latin, Leighia,
&
Florida. Gr. tenuifolia Torr. pectorant, anti-spasmodic, emetic.
Helianthella.
Boot,
ex-
SCIENTIFIC
967.
AND POPULAR
185
HELIANTHEMUM,Pers.
Eock-rose, etc. Cistaceae. Greek, "sun flower", the flowers opening only in sunshine. Syn. Cistus, in part. Woody herbs or low shrubs. About 125 species, mostly in warmer regions; 10 in U. S.
From
a.
H. Canadense
(L. ) Michx. (C. Canadensis L. ). Maine to N. Carolina and Kentucky and west to Wisconsin. Frostwort, Frost-weed, Frost plant. Long-branched Frost-weed, Canadian Eock-rose, Sun-rose. Scrofula plant; Ger. Canadisches Sonnenroschen; Fr. Heliantheme du Canada. Herb, astringent, alterative.
"b.
H. Helianthemiim gareGaert.
).
Daisy, Sun-rose.
968.
(L.
)
Karst. (C.
Helianthemum
European Eock-rose,
Europe.
L., H. vulSol-flower, Sun
Properties of (a).
HELIANTHUS, From Greek, "sun
L. Sunflower Compositae. flower", appropriately so named. Annual
or perennial robust herbs with showy yellow flowers. 60 species, New World; 48 in U. S. a.
Aboui
L. Mexico, Texas and northward to the Saskatchewan, also cult, in gardens and for its seeds. Sunflower, Common or Garden Sunflower, Comb-flower, Gloden, Gold, Larrabell, Wallflower*. Seeds yield a bland fixed oil and are used for feeding poultry and stock. Pith for moxas. Growing plant
H. annuiis
anti-malarial. b.
H. tuberosus L. British America, south to Georgia and Arkansas, also commonly cult. Jerusalem Artichoke ("Jerusalem" is a corruption of Italian girasole meaning sun flower), Earthapple, Canada Potato; Ger. Erdapfel, Erdartischocke; Fr. Topinambour. Tubers esculent. Less cultivated in Europe than since the introduction of the potato. Several other species have tuberous root-stocks that might be developed by cultivation. Thoseof(c)H. giganteiis tuberosus (Bourg.) Brit, are sometimes used for food. .^_^
r
HELICHRYSUM,
VaiU. Immortelle. Compositae. Greek, "sun gold". Syn. Elichrysum. Herbaceous or shrubby plants, the flower heads having scariose colored bracts and so "everlasting" About 275 species, Old World, mostly of S. Africa.
969.
From
.
a.
Crete. Everlasting; Fr. Immortelle H. orientale Gaertn. (the most familiar name) Ger. Strohblume. More common in our gardens is the Australian (b) H. liicidum Henckel (H. ;
bracteatum Willd. ). Other Immortelles of the gardens are (c) Helipterum Manglesii F. Muell. (Rhodanthe Manglesii Lindl. ) and (d) Ammobium alatum E. Br., both from Australia.
970.
HELICTERES,
L. Screw-tree. Sterculiaceae. "twisted", of the carpels. Trees or shrubs., 40 species, warmer regions of both hemispheres.
From Greek, About
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
186 a.
Fruit, called! Southern India. Screw tree. Twisted-stick, Twisted-horn or Twisty, believed to relieve colic; (b) H. Jamaicensis Jacq., in the West Indies^ has the same-
H. Isora L.
synonyms and 971.
HELIETTA, Named
shrubs. in U. S.
972.
uses.
Tul.
Helietta.
-
-
Rntaceae.
Trees or Louis T. Helie, French physician. Aboat 4 species, warmer regions of New World; 1 for
HELIOPSIS, Pers. False Sunflower, etc, Conipositae. From Greek, "sun like". Eobust herbs with aspect of "
About 10
Helianthus. also Ox-eye.
New World;
species,
4 in U.
S.
;
called
HELI0TR6pILM, L. Heliotrope, Turnsole.Boraginareae. Ancient Greek name of a plant, meaning "sun turning" or "sundial". Herbs or sub-shrubs. About 115 species, warmer including some naturalized. regions of the globe; 14 in U. S. The fragrant Heliotrope of the gardens is (a) H. Periiviaiiiiiii L., one popular name of which is Cherry-pie.
973.
,
974.
HELLEBORUS, The
ancient
divided leaves. a.
b.
Hellebore.
L.
Raniiiiculaceae.
Greek name. Perennial herbs with palmately About 12 species, Europe and western Asia.
H. foetidus L.
Bear's-foot, Bastard Bear' s-foot,. Europe. Barefoot, Fetid or Stinking Hellebore, Garget-root. Helleboraster. Ox- heal. Setter-grass, Setterwort, Setliswort. Properties of (b).
(H. grandiflorus Salisb. ). Europe and cult, in Black Hellebore, Christmas-flower, Christmas Rose, Christ' s-herb. Clove-tongue, Felon-grass, New-years Rose; Ger. Schwarze Nieswurz, Winterrose, Weinachtswurz, Christ wurz; Rhizome and Fr. Hellebore noir (Codex); Sp. Eleboro negro. rootlets, Rad. hellebori nigri, Rad. melampodii, gastro-intestinal irritant, hydragogue, emmenagogue, powerful depressant.
H. niger
L.
gardens.
c.
Europe, nat. in eastern U, S. Green or Bastard Hellebore, Chris- root, Christmas Rose, Peg-root, not to be confounded with Veratrum viride q. v. Ger. Griine Nieswurz, Chriswurz. Properties of (b) but more active.
H. viridis L.
;
975.
HEL(3nIAS, L. Swamp Pink, From Greek, "marsh loving".
showy purple
One
flowei-».
Stud-flower.
Melanthaceae.
Perennial bog herb with
species,
New York
to Virginia.
See Chamaelirium.
HEMEROCALLIS,
L. (Hemerocalis). Day Lily.Liliaceae. Perennial herbs with "beautiful for a day". About 5 species, Europe and Asia; 2" large lily-like flowei^s. (a) H. flava L Yellow Day Lily and cult, and adv. in U. S. (b) H. fnlva L. the more common Orange Day Lily, Lemon Lily, Eve's-thread.
976.
From Greek,
;
977.
HEMIDESMUS,
Hemidesraus. Asclepiadaceae. Syn. Asclepias, PeriThree species, India and Twining plants. R. Br.
From Greek, "half 'and "bond". ploca, in part.
Moluccas.
,
,
.
SCIENTIFIC a.
AND POPULAR.
187
Br. (P.IndicaL., A. Pseudo-Sarsa Koxb. ) ) E Indian Sarsaparilla, Hemidesmus, Xunnari. Root, Hemidesmi radix, Br., used like Sar&aparilla.
H. indicus (L. India.
978.
Hemieva. HEMIETA, Raf. 1836. Saxifragaceae. Syn. Suksdorfia, Gray 1880; Saxifraga, in part. Two species
in U. S.
HEMITOMUS, Gray 1855. Hemitomus. Monotropaceae. Syn. Newberrya, Torr, 1867, this name adopted later by Gray himself. Brownish scaly plants with flowers in crowded spikes. Four species, Pacific coast of U. S.
979.
HEMIZ6>IA,
Tar-weed. DC. Compositae. "half girdled", alluding to the ray akenes. Heavy-scented, generally viscid herbs, related to Madia. About 25 species, 12 in California.
980.^
From Greek,
981.
HEPATICA,
Scop.
Liver-leaf.
Ranunculacea
,
Ancient Greek name, "liver" plant, from form of leav< ». Sea pose evergreen perennials. Syn. Anemone (Kew), in part. About 4 species, north temperate zone; 2 in U. S. aciita (Pursh) Brit. (H. triloba var. acuia Pursh, A. acutiloba Laws. (Kew), H. acutiloba DC). Canada to Georgia, west to Minnesota. Acute-lobed Liver-leaf, Sharp-lobed Liverleaf, Heart Liver-leaf, with many of the synonyms and with properties of (b).
a.
H.
b.
H. Hepatica (L. ) Karst. (A. Hepatica L. (Kew), H. triloba Chaix, H. nobilis Moench). Northern Europe, Asia and N. America, south to Florida and Missouri. Kidney Liver-leaf, Common Liver-leaf, Liverwort* (a name belonging rather to Marchantia), Noble Liverwort, Three-leaved or Heart Liverwort, Liver- weed, Golden Trefoil, Herb Trinity, Ivy-fl(.wer, Mouse-ears, Spring-beauty*, Squirrel-cup; Ger. Ltberblume, Leberkraut, Edel-Leberkraut; Fr. Hepatique. Leaves; Folia hepatici (nobilis,) H. hepaticag, H. trifolii aurei; tonic, deobstruent.
982.
HERACLEUM,
L.
Cow
Parsnip.
Umbelliferae. Perenin U. S.
Greek name of a plant, from the Hercuks of myth. nial herbs. About 60 species, northern hemisphere; 1 a.
H. lauatiini Michx. British America south to N. Carolina, Utah and California. Cow Parsnip, Masterwort, Madness, Madnep, Youihwort. Root ajad seed acrid, used in epilepsy, in dyspepsia, etc.
b.
H. sphondyliiim
L. (H. Branca-ursina All.). Europe and northern Asia. European Cow-parsnip, Bear's-breach*, Hogweed; Ger. Bfirenklaue, Heilkraut; Fr. Berce, Fausse Acanthe. Properties of ( a )
983.
HERMANMA, Named
L. Hermannia. Sterculiaceae. Hermann, Professor of botany at Leyden. About 90 species, tropical regions of both hemi-
for Paul
Undershriibs. spheres; 2 in U. S.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
188
HERMIDIUM, A single
984.
Herb.
Wats. Hermidium. Nevada.
S.
Nyctaginaceae.
species,
Herrania. Sterciiliaceae. HERRANIA, Goudot. About 4 species, warmer reTrees related to Theobroma. The seeds of (a) H. albiflora Goudot gions of New World. and some other species are used in S. America as substitutes for Cacao, Cacao Cimarrona,
985.
HESPERALCEA,
^86.
Greene. Hesperalcea. Malvaceae. Greek, "western Mallow". Syn. Sidalcea, in part.
From
One
Robust annual.
HESPERALOE,
987.
California.
species,
Engelm.
From Greek, "western Two species, southwestern
Aloe". U. S.
Hesperaloe. Liliaceae. Plant resembling Yucca.
HESPERELAEA,
988.
Gray. Hesperelsea. Greek, "western Olive". A small tree.
From
Guadalupe
Oleaceae.
One species,
Island.
HESPEREVAX,
989.
From
Gray. Hesperevax. Composilae. "western Evax". Syn. Evax, Psilocarphus, in part. Floccose- woolly herbs. About 5 spe-
Greek,
Sty Iodine,
cies, California.
HESPERIS,
L, Rocket. Cruciferae. Biennial Ancient Greek name of ( a) flower of the 'evening'
990.
,
or perennial herbs. a.
About
'
.30
'
.
Europe and Asia.
species,
H. matronalis L. Europe and Asia, cult, and adv. in U. S. Dame's Rocket, Dame's Violet, Garden Rocket, Sweet Rocket, Damask Violet, Summer Lilac, Dame's or Queen's Gilliflower; Plant reputed Night-scented, Rogue's or Winter Gilliflower. diuretic.
HESPEROCALLIS,
991.
Gray. Hesperocallis. Liliaceae. Scapose herb with large beauty".
From Greek, "evening
flowers in a simple raceme.
One
species, California.
HESPEROCNIDE,
992.
From Urtica.
Torr. Hesperocnide. Urticaceae. Greek, "western nettle" Perennial herbs, related to Two' species, one in Hawaiian Islands one in California. .
HETERANTHEIIA,
^93.
&
Pav. 1794. R. Pontederiaceae. 'with diverse anthers' Syn. Schollera, Schreb. 1789, not Roth. 1788; also Leptanthus, Pontederia, CommeMarsh or aquatic herbs. About 10 species, 2 linaf, in part. of Africa, the rest of America, 4 in U. S. The best known is (a) H. diibia (Jacq. ) MacM. (C. dubia Jacq., L. graraineus
From Greek,
Michx.
Water
,
' .
H. graminea Vahl. (Kew), S. graminea A. Gray). (b) H. reniformis R. & P. and (c) H.
Star-grass.
limosa (Sw. t994.
'
)
Willd. are called
HETER0C6d()N,
Plantain.
Nutt. Heterocodon. Cainpanulaceae. Greek, "diflTerent bells", alluding to dimorphism of Syn. Campanula, in part. Annual herb. One spePacific coast of U. S.
From
corollas. cies,
Mud
SCIENTIFIC
995.
HETERODRABA,
AND POPULAR.
189»
Heterodraba. Cruciferae^ Slender diffuee annuaL
Greene.
From Greek, a "different Draba". One species, Pacific coast of U. S. 996.
HETEROGAl^RA, From
Heterogaura. Rothr. Onagraceae. Annual herb with habit Greek, a "different Gaura".
One
of Clarkia.
997.
species, California.
HELEROMELES, From Greek,
a
'
Roemer.
California Holly. Pomaceae. Syn. Photinia, Crataegus^
different Medlar".
Mespilus, in part. A small evergreen tree, bearing ample One species; (a) H. arblitifolia (H. clusters of red berries. Ait. f. )Roem. (C. arbutifolia Ait. not Poir., P. arbutifolia Lind.. (Kew), M. arbutifolia Link., H. Fremontiana Decne. ). California Holly, California Christmas-berry, Laurel Hawthorn,,
Toyon, ToUon.
HETEROSPERMUM,
Cav. (Heterosperma). Compositae. Greek, with "dissimilar seeds". Annual herbs with small heads of yellow flowers. About 7 species, Mexico to S. America; 1 in southern U. S.
998.
From
HETEROTHECA,
Cass. Heterotheca. Compositae. with "dissimilar cases", alluding to achenes. Herbs with rather large flower heads (yellow). About 6 species, Mexico and northward; 2 in U. S.
999.
From Greek,
1000.
HEtCHERA, Named
1747.
etc.
Saxifragaceae.
H. von Heucher, German botanist, d. Perennial herbs, leaves mostly basal. About 20 species,
N. America; 17 in U. a.
Alum-root,
L.
for Prof. J.
S.
mostly southwestern.
H. Americana L.
Ontario to Alabama, west to Louisiana and Alum-root, Common Alum-root, American Sanicle^ Split-rock, Cliff-weed. Root of this and other species astrinMinnesota.
gent. The names American Sanicle and Ground Maple apply especially to (b) H. yillosa Michx., Virginia to Tennessee.
HEVEA,
Aubl. Brasilian Rubber tree. Euphorbiaceae. vernacular, heve, S. America. Syn. Siphonia, Rich.,, About 12 species, tropical S. also Jatropha, in part. Trees.
1001.
From
America. a.
(S. Guyanensis Juss., S. elastica Pers., Source of Para rubber. Prepared milk-juice
H. Ouianeiisis Aublet. J. elastica L.
f. ).
(of this and other species); 1 lastica, U. S. P., India-rubber,. Caoutchouc (Caut>chuc), Resina elastica, Gummi elasti'um; Ger. Kautschuk, Federharz; Fr. Caoutchouc (Codex); Sp. Cahuchu, Goma elastica. Brasilian rubber is obtained alsofrom (b) H, Brasiiiensis Muell. (S. Brasiliensis Kunth. ) and from (c) H. discolor Muell. From the seeds of (b) is obtained
Siringa
oil,
used for making soap.
HEXALECTRIS,
Raf. Crested Coral-root. Orcliidaceae. "six «• rested". Syn. Bletia, in part. TeresOne species, N. Carolina totrial orchid with coralloid roots.
1002.
From Greek,
Florida and Mexico.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
190
HIBISCUS, L. Hibiscu«, Kose Mallow, etc. Malvaceae. Ancient Greek name of mallow. Syn. Abelraoschus, in part. About 180 Herbs, shrubs or small trees with showy flowers. (including species, warm and temperate regions; 17 in U. S.
1003.
naturalized species). a.
India and moschatus Moench). Musk Mallow. Seeds MuskEgypt, nat. tropical America. seed, Amber-seed, Ambrette; Semen abelmos«hi, Grana moschata, Semen alce8e«gyptiac?e;Ger, Bisanikorner;Fr. Ambre ta, Grains d' ambrette; used in perfumery for their musk-like
H. Abelmoschus L. (H.
odor. b.
H. caniiabiniis L. (H. radiatus Cavan. ). Tropical Asia, Africa and Australia. Ambaree, Bastard Jute, Brown Indian Hemp. Leaves used as a pot herb.
Plant cultivated for
its
jute-like
fibre. •c.
H.
esciilentus L. (A. esculentus Guil.
et.
Tropical Africa Unripe
Per.).
and widely cult. Okra, Ochro, Gumbo, Okra bandakai. capsules mucilaginous, esculent. -d.
iiiilitaris Cav. (H. Virginicus Walt.). Florida, west to Louisiana and Minnesota.
H.
Pennsylvania to Halberd-leaved
Eose-Mallow, Sweating-weed. •e.
H. Moscheiitos
Brackish marshes, Massachusetts to Florida Rose, Sea Hollyor Water Mallow.
and Louisiana. hock, f.
Swamp
L.
Swamp Rose-Mallow, Mallow
H. R6sa Sinensis L. Tropical Asia and
cult,
for
ornament.
China Rose, Chinese Rose, Shoe-black plant. Shoe-flower. Bark reputed emmenai2oof mucilaginous, used like Althsea. gogue. :g.
Flowers yield a black dye.
H. Sabdariffa L. Tropical Asia and Africa and widely cult. Red or Guinea Sorrel, Roselia, Rozelle. In Mexico and Texas Calyx called Jamaica; Fr. Oseille de Guinee, Ketmie acide. acidulous, mucilaginous, refrigerant, used in jellies, etc. yields the roselia fiber.
h.
i.
Western Asia, H. Syriacus, L. Shrubby Althsea, Rose of Sharon.
cult,
Plant
and adv. in U.
S.
Southern Europe, nat. in eastern U. S. BladL. der Ketmia, Flower-of-an-hour, Black-eyed Susan, Devil' shead-in-a-bush. Modesty, Venice Mallow.
H. Trioniim
1004.
HIC6rIA, Raf. 1808 (Hicorius). Hickory. Jiiglandaceae. From vernacular hieori of aborigines, Syn. Carya, Nutt.
Trees, mostly with tough hard Avond 1818; Juglans, in part. and oily seeds. About 12 species, N. America; 11 in U. S. Old American name Kiskatom, whence Kiskitomas-nut (KiskyThoraas nut J), no longer in use. a.
tomentosa Lam., C. toraentosa Ontario and eastern U. S., west to Nebraska. White-heart Hickory (Hiccory, Pohickery,) White or Fragrant Hickory, Bull-nut, King-nut, Mocker-nut, Hardbark, Red or Black Hickory. Kernel esculent.
H. alba Nutt.,
(L.
)
Brit. (J. alba L., J.
H. maxima Raf.
).
SCIENTIFIC b.
191
H. aquatica (Michx.
Swamp
f. ) Raf. (J. aquatica Michx. f., C. aquatica Southeastern U. S., west to Texas. Water Hickory, Hickory, Bitter Pecan, Water Bitter-nut. Kernel
bitter.
Wood
Nutt.
c.
AND POPULAR.
).
soft.
H. glabra
(^[ill.) Brit. (J. glabra Mill., C. porcina Nutt., H. porcina Raf. ). Canada and eastern U. S. west to Minnesota. Pig-nut, Pig-nut Hickory, Bitter-nut, Hog-nut, Broom Hickory; Black, Brown, Red or White Hickory. Kernel astringent ,
and d.
bitter.
H.
laciiiiosa (Michx. f. ) Sarg. (J. laciniosa Michx. f., C. sulcata Nutt., H. sulcata Raf. ). New York to Tennessee, west to Indian Territory. Big Shag-bark, Shell-bark Hickory, Kinc)^-nut; Big, Thick or Western Hickory, iVwUhick-shelled.
Ktrnel esculent. e.
H. inicrocdrpa (Nutt.) Raf. (J. alba var. odorata Marsh., C. microcarpa Nutt. H. glabra var. odorata Sarg. ) Massachusetts to Virginia, west to Missouri. Small-fruited Hickory, Balsam Hickory, Little Shag-bark, Small or Little Pig-nut. Nut thin ,
shelled. f.
g.
.
Kernel esculent.
H. minima (Marsh)
Brit. (J. alba var. minima Marsh, J. sulcata Willd., C. amara Nutt., H. amara Raf. ). Bitter-nut, Bitter Pig-nut, Swamp or Bitter Hickory. Kernel very bitter.
H. ovdta (Mill.) Brit. (J. ovata Mill., C. alba alba L. ). Canada and eastern U. S., west
not J. Minnesota. Shag-bark, Shag-bark Hickory, Shell-bark or Scale-bark Hickory, White Hickory, Redheart or Upland Hickory, Kingnut, White or Sweet Walnut. Nut thin shelled. Kernel esNutt.,
to
culent. h.
H. Pecan (Marsh.) Britton
(J. Pecan Marsh., H. olivseformis Raf., C. olivseformis Nutt.). Indiana and Kentucky, west to Texas and Iowa. Pecan, Peccan, Illinois-nut, Illinois Pecan, Soft-shell Hickory. Seed very sweet, yields a bland, pleasant-flavored fixed oil.
HIERACIUM, L. Hawkweed, Speer-hawk. Cichoriaceae. Ancient Greek name of a different plant, meaning ''hawkSyn. Pilosella, in part. Perennial herbs. About 300 weed''. species, north temperate zone and Andes mountains; 37 in U. S. (including some naturalized); Ger. Habichtskraut; Fr. Eper-
1005.
vi^re. a.
H. aurantiaciim L.
Hawkweed
or
Europe, Hawkbit,
U. S. Orange or Tawny Golden Mouse-ear Hawkweed,
nat. in
Grim-the-coUier, Devil's Paint-brush, Flora's Paint-brush. b.
H. Canadense Michx. and Michigan.
«.
British America,
south to
New
Jersey
Canada Hawkweed, High Dandelion.
H. Gronovii L., Hairy Hawkweed and (d) H. (Michx.), Rough Hawkweed, both of eastern U. S. are used for relief of toothache.
scdbrum to Canada,
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
192 e.
H. miironim
Europe, adv.
L.
ih
U.
vS.
Wall
Hawkweed,
French Lungwort, (xolden Lungwort; Ger. Gelbes LungenPlant bitter, vulnerary. kraut; Fr. Pulmouaire des Francais. •
f.
H. Pilosella L. Europe, adv. in U. Mouse Bloodwort, Ling Gowans,
Mouse-ear Hawkweed,
S.
Felon-herb; Ger. Mauseohrchen; Fr, Filoselle, Oreille de souris. Plant bitter, astrin-
gent. g.
H. praedltUm
Europe, adv.
Vill.
in
U.
S.
King-devil,
a
troublesome weed. h.
H. UDibellatiim
Europe.
L.
Ger.
Lungenhabichtskraut.
Plant used in asthma. i.
Canada to Georgia, west to Nebraska and ManiL. Eattlesnake-weed, Poor Robin's Plantain, Vein-leaf or Veiny-leaved Hawkweed or Hawkbit, Snake Plantain, Striped Bloodwort, Bloodwort, Early Hawkweed. Plant reputed an antidote to snake bites.
H. venosiim toba.
1006.
HIPPOCRATEA, Named
in
Hippocratea.
L.
Celastraceae.
honor of Hippocrates, the father of medicine.
Climbing shrubs. About 30 of New World; 1 in U. S.
HIPPOMANE,
species, tropical regions especially
Manchineel. Euphorbia ceae. name, from ''horse" and ''madness". Tree Syn. Mancinella, Tuss. 1824, Manganilla Adans. 176:^. with poisonous milk sap. One species, tropical America.
1007.
Ancient Greek
a.
L.
])lant
H. Mancinella L. (M. venenata Tussac, H. Manganilla Jacq. ). West Indies, Florida, Panama, Venezuela, etc., Manchineel, Manzanillo.
Sap a powerful
irritaut,
a skin poison,
emeto-
cathartic, etc.
1008.
HIPPURIS, From
leaves. a.
Mares-tail, etc. L. Haloragidaceae. Aquatic herbs with whorled Greek, "horse's tail". Three species, temperate and frigid zones; 3 in U. S.
Northern Europe, Asia and N. America, south Mare's-tail (originally Maine, N. Mexico and California. Female Horse-tail), Bottle-brush, Cat's-tail, Joint-weed, KnotPaddock-pipes, Witches' -milk; grass*, Female Knot-giass, Ger. Schafthalm Fr. Pesse d' eau.
H. vulgaris L. to
;
1009.
HOFFMAISSEGGIA, Cav.HofFmanseggia.Caesalpinaceae. Named for J. Centurius, Graf. Hoffmansegge. Syn. Pomaria,
Herbs or low shrubs. About 20 species, Caesalpinia, in part. western America and south Atrica; 10 in southwestern U. S.
HOFMEISTERIA,
Walp. Hofmeisteria. Compositae. Hofmeister, vegetable histologist. Syn. Low suffrutescent Helogyne, Benth. 1844, not Nutt. 1841. plants. Three species, Arizona to lower California; 1 in southwestern U. S.
1010.
Named
1011.
for
W.
HOLARRHENA, Trees or shrubs.
R. Br.
Conessi Bark.
About 10
species, tropical
Apocynaceae. Asia and Africa..
AND POPULAR.
SCIENTIFIC a.
193
H. antidyseiiteriea Wall. (Wrightia antidysenterica K.
Br.).
Tellicherry bark; bitter,
tonic,
Bark, Conessi bark, India. febrifuge, antidysenterie.
HOLLISTERIA,
1012.
White-woolly
One
Wats,
Hollisteria.
Polygonaceae.
species, California.
HOLOCARPHA,
1013.
S.
herbs with stems dichotoraously branched.
Greene.
From Greek, "entire chafl". Herb. One species, western U. S.
Holocarpha. Compositae. Syn. Hemizonia, in part.
Holodiscus. HOLODISCUS, Maxim. Rosaceae. Shrubs with panicles of small white Syn. Spiraea, in part. flowers. About 3 species, southwestern U. S.
1014.
H0L6STECM,
1015.
Jagged Chickweed. Caryophyllaceae.
L.
From Greek, "wholly Insignificant herbs.
bone,"
Three
appropriateness not obvious.
species.
Old World;
1 nat. in
U.S.
Holozonia.. H0L0Z6]VIA, Greene. Compositae. Perennial herb with small flowerSyn. Lagophylla, in part. One species, California. heads.
1016.
HOMALOBUS, Nutt. Milk Veteh. Papilionaceae. Syn. Astragalus, Kentrophyta, Ervum, in part. Perennial herbs. About 6 species, Mexico and adjacent regions; 3 in U.S.
1017.
H06kERA, Salisb. for Wm. Jackson
1018.
Named
Syn. Brodisea, in part. New World; 8 in U. S.
Hookera. Liliaceae. Hooker, English botanist, d. 1865.
Scapose
herbs.
About 15
h6rDEUM,
1019.
The
L. Barley. Gramiiieae. ancient Latin name, meaning perhaps "bristly". Grass-
with flowers in close spikes. About 12 species. Bear, Bigg, Haules, Hoils, Pillards.
es
a.
H.
species.
viilgdre L.
To
Orient,
now widely cultivated
Synonyms
in cooler climates.
may
be referred the numerous varieties of Barley; Ger. Gerste; Fr. Orge; 1. Two-rowed Barley, H. dfstichon L., including the Common English Barley, the Golden, Italian and Siberian varieties; 2. the Six-rowed Barley, H. hexdstichon L., including Scotch, Bear, Red and Square Barley; 3. the so-called Four-rowed Barley, H. vulgdre L., in the restricted application of that name, including Russian and French, Spring, Winter, Black. Naked and Wheat Barley; 4. the Dinkel and related Barleys, H. zeocrilou L,, including Turkish, Rice, Sprat, Battledore, Fulham and Putney Barley. this species
Husked seeds, Pearl Barley, Hordeum decorticatum, Br., Hordeum perlatum; Ger. Perlgerste, Perlgraupen; Fr. Orge perl^ (Codex); nutrient. Seeds, sprouted and then dried constitute malt, used in brewing and in preparation of easily digested foods for infants or invalids. Seeds esculent.
HORKELIA, Cham. & Sch. Horkelia. Rosaceae. Syn. Potentilla (Kew), in part. Perennial herbs resembling Potentilla. About 23 species. Pacific Border of U. S.
1020.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
194
Featherfoil, etc. Priimilaceae. HOTT^NIA, L. Named for Prof. Peter Hotton of Ley den, d. 1709. Pretty Two species, one of Euroaquatic herbs with whorled leaves.
1021.
Asia, one of eastern U. S. Gilliflower, Water Fr. Phime d'eau.
V'^iolet,
Synonyms, Water-feather, Water Water Yarrow; Ger. Wasserviole;
Bluets, Venus' -pride. Rubiaceae. HOUST^NIA, L. Named for Dr. William Houston, English botanist, d. 1733. Low herbs with small Syn. Oldenlandia, Hedyotis, in part.
1022.
About 25
blue, purple or white flowers. 18 in U. S. a.
species,
N. America;
coerulea Hook., O. coerulea A. Gray). Bluets, Innocence, Scotia to Alabama, west to Michigan. Angel's-eyes, Blue-eyed grass. Bright-eyes, Eye-bright*, Little-
H. coerulea L. (Hed.
Nova
washerwoman, Nuns, Quaker-bonnets, Quaker-lad it-s, Star-ofBethlehem*, Venus' -pride. Wild Forget-me-not. (b) H. angustifolia Michx. and (c) H. minor (Michx. ) Brit, are called Star Violet.
HOUTTUYNIA, Thunb.
1784 (Houtouynia). Piperaceae. Houttuyn, Dutch botanical writer, 18th Syn. Anemopsis, Hook. 1838, Anemonopsis Pritz., century. Marsh j)lants. Two species, one of eastern Asia, not S. & Z. one of California.
1023.
Named
a.
M.
for
&
B. H. (A. Califomica H. & A., A. Berlanderi Yerba Mansa. Root punCalifornia to Mexico.
H. Californica C. DC). gent.
1024.
HOWELLIA, Named
A. Gray.
for the discoverers,
Howellia. Lobeliaceae. Joseph and Thomas T. Howell.
Delicate aquatic or marsh herbs.
U.
1025.
Two
species, Pacific coast of
S.
h6ya, Named
Wax
R. Br.
Asclepiadaceae.
plant.
Thomas Hoy, English
gardener. Herbaceous About 50 species, tropical Asia to Australia; (a) climbers. H. cariiosa R. Br. from India is the well known Wax plant, cult, for
1026.
for
ornament.
HUDSONIA,
False Heather,
L.
Named
for William Heath-like plants, verv
Cistaceae.
etc.
Hudson, English botanist, d. 1793. showy in bloom. Three species, east-
ern U. S.
Nova Scotia to Virginia. 8onia§, Field Pine, Poverty-grass.
a.
H. ericoides L.
b.
H. tomentosa Nutt.
Heath-like Hud-
Canada and northeastern U. S. Woolly Hudsonia, False Heather, Beach Heather, Heath, Bear-grass, Dog's-dinner,
1027.
Ground Cedar, Ground Moss,
HtLSEA, Named
T.
for Dr.
balsamic herbs.
&
G.
Gr.
W.
Hulsea. Hulse, U. S. Army.
Poverty-grass. -
Compositne.
Viscid-pubescent
Six species, California to Washington.
SCIENTIFIC
HUMULUS,
1028.
AND POPULAR. -
L.
195
Hop.
Moraceae. Twining U. S.
The Latin name, probably perennitils. a.
Two
of Teutonic origin. species, north temperate zone; 1 in
Liipulus L. Europe, Asia and N. America, south to Georgia and Arizona, also widely cult. Hop vine, Bine, Bur,
H.
Seeder, anciently known as Lupus salictarius ( Pliny ) Among the varieties are ''White Bine", "Golding" and "Grape". .
Hops; Humulus, U. S. P., Lupuliis, Br., Strobili humuli V. lupuli, Coni lupuli; Ger. Hopfen, Hopfenzapfen, Hopfenkatzchen; Fr. Cone de houblon (Codex). Glandular powder from strobiles, Lupulin, Lupulite; Lupulinum. U. S. P. Br., Glandula; lupuli, Lupulina; Ger. Hopfenmehl; Fr. LupuStrobiles,
(Codex).
line
Bitter, tonic, sedative.
HURA,
1029.
From
L. Sand-box tree. the vernacularname, S. America.
Euphorbiaceae. Trees.
Two species,
tropical America. a.
L. (H. Brasiliensis Willd). West Indies and tropAmerica. Sand-box tree. In S. America called Ajuapar or Acupa, in Brazil, Assacu or L^ssacu, in Panama, Javilla. Fruit when ripe bursts with a loud report, scattering the seeds, hence called the Devil's Sand-box and the Monkey's Dinnerbell. Seeds, known in Mexico as Habilla (Pepita) de San Ignacio, drastic cathartic. The acrid bark (casca de assacu) is used medicinally.
H. crepitans ical
HUTCHINSIA,
R. Br. 1812. Hutchinsia. Cruciferae. Miss Hutchins, botanist of Bantry, Ireland. Syn. Hymenolobus, Nutt. 1838; Lepidium, Capsella, in part. Low herbs. About 8 species, northern hemisphere; 1 in \J. S.
1030.
Named
for
HYDRANGEA,
L. Hydrangea. Saxifragaceae. Greek, a "water vessel", alluding to shape of capsule. Shrubs or small trees with flowers in corymbs. About 35 spe-
1031.
From
New World and
cies,
a.
H. arborescens L. (H. vulgaris Michx.). New York and eastern U. S. Hydrangea (Hydrangia), Wild Hydrangea, Seven-bark, Bissum.
b.
eastern Asia; 5 in U.S.
Bout diuretic, lithontriptic.
H. Thunbergi Siebold. "Tea of Heaven".
1032.
Japan.
Leai^s used for tea, called
HYDRASTIS,
Ellis 1759. Golden-seal. Ranunciilaceae. Greek, "water compelling", i. e. hydragogue. Syn. Warnera, Mill. 1768. Perennial herbs from a thickened yellow rootstock. Two known species, one of Japan; 1 in U. S.
From
a.
H, Canadensis L. (W. Canadensis Miller). Ontario to Georgia, west to Missouri and Minnesota. Golden-seal, Orange-root, Yellow-root, Y"ellow Puccoon, Yellow Indian-paint, Turmericroot, Ohio Curcuma, Indian Turmeric, Ground Kaspberry, EyeEye-balm, Yellow-eye, Jaundice-root, Indian dye; Ger. Kanadisches Gelbwurz, Kanadisches Wasserkraut, Gelbes Blutkraut; Fr. Racine orange, Sceau d'or; Sp. Raiz amarilla,
root,
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
196
U
Rhizome and rootlets; Hydrastis, Sella de oro. S. P., Hydrastis rhizoraa, Br.; bitter, tonic, alterative. Contains berberine and hvdrastine, which latter by oxidation yields Hydras-
tinmeU. S.P.
HYDROCOTYLE,
1033.
Marsh Pennywort. Umbelliferae. Perennial herbs, commonly
L.
From Greek, "water cup" U.
S.
.
About 75
with peltate leaves.
species,
widely distributed; 7 in
Synonyms, Fairy-table, Shilling-grass; Ger. Wasserna-
bel.
Of our indigenous species, the more important are (a) H. Americana L., American Marsh Pennywort, Penny-post; (b) H. raiiiiiiciiloides L. f. (H. natans T. & Gr.), Floating Marsh Pennywort,; (c) H. limbellata L., Umbellate or Manyflowerpd Marsh Pennywort, Navelwort, Sheepsbane. Watergrass, in Mexico Ombligo de Venus, and (d) H, verticillata Thunb. (H. vulgaris L, (Kew), H. interruptaMuhl.), Whorled Marsh or Water Pennywort, Penny-grass, Penny-rot. Properties of 424 (a), q. v.
HYDRO PHY^LUM,
1034.
From
Greek,
rather showy a.
*
H. Yir^inicum L.
is
Hydrophyllaceae. Herbs with coarse foliage and species, all of U. S.
Water-leaf.
'water leaf
flowers.
'
.
About
7
sometimes called Bur flower or Brook-
flower.
HYGR6pHILA,
1035.
tropical
and
Hygrophila. Acanthaceae. Herbs. About 25 species^ in U. S.
R. Br.
From Greek, "moisture sub-tropical; 1
loving".
HYMENAEA,
1036.
Courbaril. L. 1752, Caesalpinaceae. Dedicated to Hymen, the leaves having each a single pair of leaflets. Syn. Courbari, Adans. 1763. Trees. About 12 species, tropical America.
a.
Tropical America. South American Locust Varnish tree, Algarroba (of Panama). Wood exceedingly heavy and strong. Seeds surrounded by a saccharine edible pulp. Tree source of West Indian Coual or Coapinole (Mueller). South American Anime has been wrongly re-
H. Courbaril
L.
tree, Courbaril,
ferred to this source (Nat. Dispensatory).
HYMENOCALLIS, Salisb. Spider Lily. Aniaryllidaceae. From Greek, "beautiful membrane", alluding to the crown. Syn. Pancratiumf, in part. Ornamental bulbous herbs; flowers white, fragrant, the filaments connected by a web-like crown. About 30 species. New World; 11 in U. S.
1037.
HYMENOCLEA,
&
Gr. Hymenoclea. Compositae. Torr. "enclosed membrane". Low shrubby plants with numerous small flower-heads. Two species, southwestern
1038.
From Greek,
U.
S.
HYMESOFAPPUS,
L'Her. Hymenopappus. Compositae. rather small discoid flower-heads (white or yellow). About 10 species, all of southern U. S. and Mexico.
1039.
From Greek, "membrane papfms." Herbs with
SCIENTIFIC
HYMEN6tHRYX,
1040.
AND POPULAR.
Gray.
197
Hymenothryx.
Compositae.
From Greek, "membrane bristle", alluding to Herbs. Two known species, southwestern U. S.
the pappus.
HYOSCYAMUS,
L. Henbane. Solanaceae. ancient Greek name, meaning ''hog bean". Coarse, viscid-pubescent herbs. About 15 species, Mediterranean region; 1 nat. in U. S.
1041.
The
a.
H. dlbns L. of (b).
b.
White Henbane. French Codex.
Southern Europe.
Seeds are official in
Properties
H. niger
L. Southern Europe, sparingly nat. in U. S. Black Henbane, Henbane (Henbell, Henkam), Fetid or Stinking
Nightshade, Hog's-bean, Insane-root, Belene. Chenile, Loavesof-bread, Poison Tobacco; Ger. Bilsenkraut (schwarzes), Teufelsaugenkraut; Fr. Jusquiame noir (Codex) Sp. Beleno negro, ieayes of second year's growth; Hyoscyamus U, S. P., Hyoscyami folia, Br. Herba hyoscyami, P. G. [The seeds also were formerly official, still so in the Codex]. Sedative, deliriant narcotic. Contains the alkaloids atropine and hyoscine. ;
,
HYPELATE,
1042.
P. Br. White Ironwood. Sapindaceae. ancient Greek name of Butcher's Broom. Syn. AmyMelicocca, in part. small tree. West Indies to Florida.
The risf,
A
St. John's wort. HYPERICUM, L. Hypericaceae. The ancient Greek name, "under heathei*". Syn. Sarothra, Androssemum, in part. Herbs with punctate or black-dotted leaves and yellow flowers. About 210 species, widely distributed; 34 in U. S.
1043.
a.
H. Androsaemum
L. fA. vulgare Gaertn., A. officinale All.). Tutsan (Tipsen, Titson, Titsy, Stitson; Fr. toutesaine). Park-leaves, Touch-leaves, Touch-and-heal, Sweet-amPlant vulnerary. ber, Sweet-leaf, White-amber.
Asia Minor.
b.
H. perforatum L. (H. vulgare Lam., H. officinale Gates, H. officinarum Crantz). Europe and northern Asia, nat. in U. S. Common St. John's- wort, John's-wort. St. John, Herb John, Penny -John, Amber, Balm-of-warrior' s- wound, Cammock, Hyssop*, Rosin-rose, Touch-and-heal; Ger. Johanniskraut, Johannisblut, Hartheu, Hexenkraut, Hasenkraut, Teufelsflucht; Fr. Millepertuis (Codex), Casse-diable; Sp. Hypericon. Flow-
Herba v. Summitateshyperici; bitter, terebinthinate, Used in jj reparation of Oleum hyperici, Red Oil. vulnerary. Some other species may be equally efi^ctive. The more noteworthy (indigenous) are (c) H. Ascyron L. (H. pyramidatum Ait. ), Great or Giant St. John's- wort; (d) H. graveolens Buckley, Mountain St. John's-wort; (e) H. maciilatuni Walt. (H. corymbosum Muhl.), Spotted or Corymbed St. John'swort and (f) H. proliflcum L., Shrubby St. John's-wort, Broom-brush, Paint-brush. See Sarothra.
ering tops;
1044.
HYPHAENE, From
palms.
Gaertn. Doum Palm. Sabalaceae. a Greek word meaning to "weave". Branching fanAbout 10 species, Africa, Arabia and Madagascar.
PLANT NAMES'aND SYNONYMS
198 a.
H. crinita Gaertn. (H. Thebaica Mart. )
Northeastern Africa
.
and Arabia. Doum Palm, Doom Palm, Gingerbread tree, Mealy husk of fruit edible, resembling gingerbread in taste.
HYPOCHOERIS,
L. (Hypochaeris). Cichoriaceae. these animals being fond of its roots. Perennial herbs with basal leaves and large flower-heads (yelAbout 50 species, Europe, Asia and S. America; 2 nat. low).
1045.
From Greek,
U.
'
'for pigs'
'
,
Synonyms, Cat's-ear, Gosmore; Ger. Saukraut; Fr. Boots of some S. American species used like Salsify.
S.
Porcelle.
HYPOPITYS,
Adans. Pine-sap, etc. Monolropaceae. ''under fir trees". Syn. Monotropa, in part. One Scapose saprophyte, with flowers in a one-sided raceme.
1046.
From Greek,
species, north temperate zone (U. S. a.
).
Small (M. Hypopitys L., H. multiflora ) Scop. (Kew),H. lanuginosa RafjH. Monotropa Crantz). Northern Europe, Asia and N. America, south to Florida and AriFalse Beech- drops, Pine-sap, Fir- rape, Bird's-nest, zona. Yellow Bird's-nest. Plant hitter, nauseaut, diuretic.
H. Hypopitys (L.
1047.
HYP6xIS,
L.
Aiiiaryllidaceae.
Star-grass.
From
Greek, "acute below", perhaps descriptive of the capSyn. Ornithogalum, in part. Perennial herbs from a sule. About 50 species, warmer regions corm, with grass-like leaves. of Old and New World; 3 in U. S. a.
H. hirsiita (L. 1759).
)
British
Star-grass.
Coville (O. hirsutum L.
America and eastern U.
S.
1753, H. erecta L. Star-grass, Yellow
Boot detergent, vulnerary.
Hyssop. Labiatae. HYSSOPUS, L. Ancient Greek name of some aromatic herb. Perennial aroOne species, southern Europe, nat. in matic herb. U. S.
1048.
a.
H, officinalis L. (H. canescens DC, H. orientalis Adam, etc.). Hyssop (Ezob, Isop), Garden Hyssop; Ger. Ysop, Eiserig; Fr. Hysope Codex) Sp. Hissopo. Flowering herb, aromatic, bitter^ (
;
vulnerary.
1049.
IBERIS,
L.
Name from
Iberia,
i.
Candy-tuft, etc. Spain. Herbs,
e.
Cruciferae.
some ornamental.
About 20 species, Mediterranean region. The Candy-tuft of gardens is (a) I. umbellata L. of southern Europe; the white variety is I. Coronaria Don, not a distinct species. 1060.
IBERYILLEA, Syn.
Greene.
climbers.
Two
species,
ICAC6rEA,
Cucnrbitaceae. Perennial herbaceous
Ibervillea.
MaximowicziaCogn., not Rupr. Texas.
Aubl. Marlberry Cherry. Myrsinaceae. vernacular (Carib) name. Syn. Ardisia, Bladhia,. Shrubs. About 200 species, Cyrilla, Pickeringia, in part. warmer regions of both hemispheres; 1 in Florida, viz. (a) I, paniculdta (Nutt. ) Sudw. (C. paniculata Nutt. ). Marlberry Cherry.
1061.
From
SCIENTIFIC
ICHTHYOMETHIA,
1052.
From Greek,
"fish Erythrina, in part.
A
AND POPULAR.
199
Jamaica Dogwood. Papilionaceae.
intoxicant".
Syn.
West Indian tree.
Piscidia,
L.
1759;
One species; extends
to Florida. a.
Piscipiila (L. ) Kze. (E. Piscipula L., P. Piscipula Sarg; P. Ervthrina Jacq., P. toxicaria Salisb., P. inebrians Medic.)
I,
WVst
Indies to Florida. Jamaica Dogwood, White Dogwood, Manaca*: Ger. Piscidie; Fr. Bois enivrant; Sp. Colorin de Bark of root, narcotic, analgesic, sedative. peces. Used to stupefy fish. See Cracca (b) and (c).
Holly, Winterberry. ILEX, L. Ilicaceae. Ancient name of Holly Oak. Syn. Prinos, in part. Shrubs or trees with berry-like fruit, some evergreen. About 160 species, most numerous in New W^orld; 14 in U. S.
1053.
a.
Europe. European Holly, Aunt Mary's Christmas, Crocodile, He-Holly (also She-Holly), Hulver (Helver, Holiverd, HoUin, Hollen. Plollond, Holyn), Holm, Sparked Holm, Prick-HoUin, Poison-berry; Ger. Stechpalme, Slecheiche, Christdorn; Fr. Houx. Leaves anti-arthriFruit emeto-cathartic. tic. Bark yields bird lime. Wood very white and close-grained.
I.
Aquifolium L.
tree,
b. I.
Cassine L. (1. Dahoon Walt. (Kew); includes I. myrtifolia Southeastern U. S. Dahoon Holly, Yaupon.
Walt.).
Southeastern U. S. Swamp or Meadow (lecidiia Walt. Holly, Bear-berry, Possum Haw. Properties and uses of (k).
c.
I.
d.
I.
e.
I.
Maine to opdca Ait. [I. quercifolia Meerb. (Kew)]. Fl'Tida, west to Texas and Missouri. American Holly, W^hite Holly. Properties of (a), but leaves are said to be sedative and expectorant. St. Hil. (I. Paraguariensis Don., I. ParaguayenHook., 1. thseezans Bonpl. not Mart.). Brazil and Argen-tina. Paraguay Tea, Jesuit's or St. Bartholomew's Tea, Yerba Mate; Ger. Jesuitenthee, St. Bartholomykraut; Fr. Mate Leaves contain Cafieine. (Codex). Used like Chinese tea. (f) I. Goiigoiiha Lamb., (g) I. theezans Mart, and some other species are used also as yerba mat^.
Paragiieiisis
sis
h.
Canada verticilldta (L. )A. Gray (P. verticillatus L. ). Black or False Alder, Striped or White U. S. Alder, Virginia or Common Winterberry, Feverbush. Bark astringent, tonic, febrifuge. Similar properties are ascribed to (i) I. g:ldbra (L) A. Gray (P. glaberL. ), Massachusetts to Florida, west to Louisiana; Ink-berry, Dye-leaves, Gall-berry, Evergreen Winterberry and (j) I. laevigilta (Pursh. ) A. Gray (P. laevigatus Pursh), Maine to Virginia. Smooth
I,
and eastern
Winterberry, Hoop- wood, Can-hoop. k.
I.
(Kew), not L., L religiosa west to Texas, also in Bermuda, (Youpon), Emetic Holly, Indian Black-drink;
voiiiitoria Ait. (I. Cassine Walt.
Barth. ). Cassena,
Southeastern U.
Yaupon
S.,
.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
200
Appalachian, Indian, Carolina or South-sea Tea; Ger. Apalachenthei^ Carolinathee, Indischer Thee. Leaves, Folia apalarhinis, Fol. paragufe, contain caffeine and were formerly used by Indians to make their "black drink"
ILICIOiDES, Dumont 1802. Mountain Holly. Ilicaceae. From Greek, "resembling Holly". Syn. Nemopanthus
1054.
(Nemopanthes), Kaf. 1819
One
deciduous shrub. a.
(Kew); Vacciniumf,
species,
U.
in part.
A
S.
I. imicrondta (L. ) Britton (V. mucrouatnm L., N. fascicula(Kew); N. Canadensis DC). ris Kaf. Canada, south to
Mountain Holly, Canadian or Wild Virginia and Wisconsin. Holly, Brick-timber, Cat-berry.
ILLICIUM, L. From Latin, "enticing",
1055.
About
shrubs.
Star- Anise. Magnoliaceae. alluding to the odor. Evergreen 6 species, eastern Asia, Japan and eastern jS".
America; 2 in U. a.
rioridannm Ell. Florida to Louisiana, Poi-on Bay, Stinkbush (of Louisiana), Sweet Laurel, Florida Anise tree, Florida Bark aromatic, tonic. Leaves and fruit have Star- anise. poisonous properties.
I.
b. I.
parviflorum Vent.
Florida. c.
S.
(I.
anisatum Bartr,
Properties of (a),
,
/^oo^ said to
not L. ). Georgia to resemble sassafras.
religiosum Siebold (1. anisatum L. notGaertn., I. San-ki Eastern Asia and Japan. Sacred Anisetree. Bark, ). Lavola bark, used for incense. Leaves and fruit aromatic but
I.
Pers.
poisonous. d.
veriim Hook. f. (I. anisatum Gaertn., not L.). Southeastern Chinese Anise tree. Fruit, China, cult, in China and Japan. Star-anise, Chinese Anise; lUicium U. S. P.; Fructus (Semen) Indischer Anis, Sternanis, anisi stellati, Sem. badiani: Ger. Badian; Fr. Anis etoile, Badiane; aromatic, carminative, with flavor of true Anise.
I.
1056.
ILYSANTHES,
Raf. False Pimpernel. Scrophulariaceae. flower". Syn. Capraria, Lindernia. in About 10 species, 6 in U. S.
From Greek, "mud part.
Small herbs.
IMPATIEIVS,
Touch-me-not. L. Balsaminaceae. Succulent Latin, alluding to sensitiveness of capsules. About 220 herbs with irregular, often ornamental flowers. pecies, mostly of tropical Asia; 2 in U. S.
1057.
Name
a.
aurea Muhl. (I. pallida, Nutt. ). Quebec to Oregon, south Georgia and Kansas. Pale Jewelweed, Pale Touch-me-not, Yellow or Golden Jewelweed, Wild Celandine, Ceroline, Wild Balsam, Pale Balsam- weed, Quick in-the-hand, Silver- weed, Wild Ladies* -slipper. Snap-weed, Slippers, Slipper-weed, Weathercock. Herb aperient, diuretic.
I.
to
b.
Balsamina L., from tropical Asia is the Common Garden Balsam; (c) I. NoU-taiigere L. (1. Noli-me-tangere Crantz) is the European Touch-me-not or Wild Balsam, called also Codded Arsmart.
I.
SCIENTIFIC •d.
AND POPULAR
201
Walt. (I. fulva Nutt. )• British America, south to Florida and Missouri. Spotted Touch-me-not, Cowslip-, Earjewel, Spotted or Orange Jewel weed, Speckeled Jewels or Jewel-weed, Balsam-weed, Wild Balsam, Brook Celandine (Solentine), Wild Celandine, Ceroline, Kicking-colt, Kickinghorses, Ladies' -eardrop, Ladies' -pocket. Silver-leaf, Silver plant, Shining-grass, Slipper-weed, Wild Ladies' -slipper, Snapdragon* Snap- weed, Weathercock. Properties of (a).
I. biflora
IMPERAT6rIA,
1058.
L. Masterwort. Umbelliferae. Latin, "imperial". Peucedanum, Oreoselinu i, in Robust perennial herbs. About 10 species. Old World.
From part.
a.
Ostr lithium L. (P. Ostruthium Koch. (Kew), O. officinale Link.). Central and southern Europe adv. in U. S. Masterwort, Felon-grass, Felonwort, Imperial Masterwort, Broadleaved Hog' s-fennel, Pellitory of Spain*; Ger. Meisterwurz, Kaiserwurz, Ostritzwurz, Ostranz; Fr. Imperatoire (Codex). Mhizome; Rhizoma (Radix) imperatorise v. ostruthii, R. astrantise; aromatic, acrid, masticatory, etc., sometimes mixed by accident or design with aconite root. Leaves used as a pot herb, and in manufacture of some kinds of Swiss cheese.
I.
INDIG6fERA,
1059.
L. Indigo. Papilionaceae. "indigo yielding". Herbs or shrubs. About 250 species, warm and temperate regions; 6 in U. S. including introduced species,
From
a.
Latiu,
Anil L. ( I. tinctoria Blanco not L. ) West Indies and tropiAmerica; Carolina and southward in eastern U. S., also cult. West Indian Indigo plant, Devil' s-eye, Anil (vernacular name whence our word aniline). Leaves source of the dye-stuff Indigo; Indicum, Pigmentum indicum; Ger. Indigo, Indig; Sp.
I.
.
cal
Anil; formerly used in epilepsy, also reputed emmenagogue. Indigo is obtained also from (b) I. argentea L. (I. coerulea Roxb., I. glauca Lam, I. tinctoria Forst., not L. ), North Africa, east to India, also cult., and from (c) I. tinctoria L. (I. Indica Lam. not Mill.), tropical Asia, Africa and Australia and widely cult, in tropical countries, East Indian Indigo plant.
Inga tree. IKGA, Scop. Mimosaoeae. Vernacular name, S. America. Trees or large shrubs. About 150 species, tropical America. The pods of several species contain a saccharine pulp which in some is edible, in some
1060.
is
1061.
cathartic.
INGENHOl^ZIA, DC. not Bert. ( Ingenhoussia. )Malvaceae. Shrub resembling Gossyx^ium. One species, Mexico and
southern U.
S.
INULA, L. (Enula). Elecampane, etc. Conipositae. Ancient Latin name of Elecampane, probably corrupted from Helenium, the Greek name. Syn. Asterf, Conyza, Corvisartia, in part. Perennial herbs with large flower heads (yellow). About 90 species, Old World; 1 nat. in U. S.
1062.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
202 a.
Heleiiium L. ( Cor. Helenium Merat, A. Helenium Scop. ). Elecampane (AlliCentral Asia and Europe, nat. in U. S. campane, Alicompane, Aligfopane), Elf Dock, Elfwort, Horseheal, Horse-elder, Inul, Scabwort, Yellow Starwort, Velvet Dock, Wild Sunflower; Ger. Alant, Glockenwurzel, Ottwurz^ Root; Inula, Fr. Aunee officinale, Grande aunee (Codex).
I.
U.
Radix
S. P.,
helenii v. inulae v. enulse; diuretic, expectorant,,
Candied root a popular cough remedy.
reputed bactericide. b.
sqiiarrosa (L. )Bemh. (Con. squarrosaL., I. Conyza DC). Plowman's Spikenard, Cinnamon-root, Flea wort*, Europe. Herb diuretic,. Lady's-glove; Ger. Diirrwurz; Fr. Conyze. emmenao:ogue, insecticide, (c) I. ci'ithmoides L. of southern Europe is called Golden Samphire; (d) I. Oculus-Christi L. (I. Oculus Schr. ), Europe, is called Christ' s-eye.
I.
lODANTHUS, T. &Gr.
1063.
Purple or False Rocket. Cniciferae.
From Greek,
Syn. Hesperis, ''violet" colored "flower". Thelypodium, in part. Herb with violet or white flowers in One species, easternU. S. panicled racemes. lodina. lODINA, Hook. & Arn. Two species, South America;
1064.
Shrubs.
H. 1065.
& A.
Quebracho
is
flojo.
Wood and
Aqiiifoliaceae.
(a) I. rhoinbifolia bark rich in tannin.
Pine Starwort, etc. Compositae. "violet rayed". Syn. Aster, Diplopappus, in Three known species, all Aster-like perennial herbs.
lONAC-TIS, Greene.
From Greek, part.
of U. S.
a.
I,
linariifolins (L.) Greene (A.
linariifolius
Hook.
Canada
)
L. (Kew), D. west to Texas and
linariifolius
to Florida,
Stiff" Aster, Savory-leaved Aster, wort, Pine Starwort.
;^[innesota.
Sandpaper Star-
IPOMOEA,
L. (Ipomsea, Ipomea). Convolvulaceae. "worm like", alluding to twining stems. Syn. Batatas, Calonyction, Convolvulus, Pharbitis, in part. About 300 species, widely Herbs, usually twining or trailing. distributed 33 in U. S. See also Exogonium.
1066.
From
Greek,
;
a. I.
Batatas Poiret (B. edulis Choisy, Con v. tuberosa).
Tropi-
Tubers Sweet Potato, Camote. cal America, now widely cult. esculent. The following species among others yield also edible tubers; (b) I. Batatilla G. Don., Venezuela; (c) I. Calo-
&
Muell., Australia; (d) I. costdta F. Muell., Ausgraminea R. Br., Australia (Mallamak of the natives); (f) I, luamiiiosa Choisy, Amboina; (g) I, platauifolia R. &S., Central America.
bra Hill
tralia; (e)
h.
I.
speciosum Choisy (Engler & Pranfl), Tropical America to Florida, Boj. ). widely nat. [in tropical countries, also cult. Moon-flower, Moon
I. Bona^nox L. Bona-nox Cal.
Creeper.
(Cal.
(L.
)
AND POPULAR.
SCIENTIFIC i.
I.
hederdcea (L. )Jacq. (Con v. hederaceus I. Nil Roth, I. triloba Thunb.
C. Nil L., P. Tropical America, nat. in southern U. S. and widely elsewhere. Blue Morning-glory. Boasted seeds, in India called Kaladana, in Japan Kengashi, used as a purgative. Varieties of this and of (j) I. purpurea Lam. are the garden Morning-glories.
Nil Choisy,
k.
1.
leptophylla To-r. Nebraska Bush Morning-glory, Man-root.
I,
I.
20S
to
L.,
).
New Mexico
and Texas.
Orizsibensis (Pel.) Ledan. (Conv. Orizabensis Pelletan). Tuberous roots; Male Jalap, Fusiform or Woody Jalap, Jalap-stalks; Ger. Falsche Jalape, Jalapenstengel; purgative, Mexico. (m) I. siuiulans Hanbury. Source of Tarapico Jalap or Sierra Gordo Jalap. See Exogonium, to which possibly these species belong.
Mexico.
n.
pandurata (L. ) Meyer (Conv. panduratus L.
). Ontario Man-root, Man-of-the-earth, Hog Potato, Wild Potato, Wild Sweet-j)Otato, Wild Jalap, Mechoacanna, Mechamech (of the aborigines), Scammony-root, Wild Scammony. Tubers feebly cathartic.
I.
and eastern U.
1067.
IRESINE, From Greek,
S.
P. Br.
Blood-leaf, etc.
Amaraiithaceae.
alluding to ''woolly" calyx. Herbs, annual or perennial. About 20 species, warm and temperate regions; 2 in U. S. (a) I. paniculata (L. ) Kze, southern U. S. and southward, is called Blood-leaf, Juba's-bush and Juba's-brush.
1068.
IRIS,
Fleur de
L.
From Greek, "rainbow". About 100 a,
species,
Blue Flag, etc. Iridaeeae. Herbs from creeping root stocks.
lis.
^
mostly of north temperate zone; 22 in U. S.
Florentina L. Southern Europe, Florentine Orris (i. e. Iris )y Flag, Florence or Sweet Flower-de-luce. Rhizome of this and two following species; Orris-root; Rhizoma iridis, Kadix iridis florentinse, R. ireos; Ger. Irisrhizom, Vielchenwurzel, Violfcnwurzel, Schwertelwurz; Fr. Iris de Florence (Codex); Sp. Liria de Florencia; acrid, sternutatory, but chiefly used in deniifr ces, cosmttic powders, etc. Sometimes used for issue peas (Pois d'iris de Paris)
I.
White
b.
Germanica
Southern Europe, northern Africa to India^ L. and adv. in U. S. European Blue Flag, German Iris or Orris; Ger. Blauer Schwertel, Schwertlilie; Fr. Flambe, Fleur de lis (corrupted in English to Flower de luce). This species, also (c) I. pallida Lam., Southern Europe to Syria, Pale Blue Flag, have properties and uses of (a).
I,
cult,
d.
I,
prismatica Pursh. (I. Virginica Muhl. not L., I. gracilis ) New Brunswick to N. Carolina. Slender Blue Flag,
Bijjel.
Poison Flag. e.
Properties of (g).
Europe, adv. in U. S. Yellow Flag, False Sweet-flag, Daggers, Corn Flag, Yellow Water-flag, Sword Flag^ J acob's-sword. Flagons, Yellow Water-skegs, Water-seg. SeedL used for coffee.
I.
Pseudaconis L.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
"204
f.
v^rna L.
I.
Blue Flag. g.
Pennsylvania to Georgia. Dwarf Root stock "pungently spicy".
Iris,
Slender
Canada, south to versicolor L. (I. Virginica L. not Muhl. ). Florida and west to Arkansas and Manitoba. Blue Flag, Flag Lily, Liver Lily, Snake Lily, Poison Flag, Water Flag, American Fleur-de-lis or Flower-de-luce; Ger. Verschiedenfarbige Schwertlilie, Amerikanischer Schwertel; Fr. Irisvarie, Flambe Rhizome, Blue Flag, variee, Glaieul bleu; Sp. Liria Americana. Iris U. S. P., cathartic, cholagoo:ue.
I.
1069.
IRVINtJIA, Hook.
Dika Bread.
Simarubaceae.
Named
for Dr. Irving, R. N. Trees with curious annulated Three species, tropical west Africa, (a.) I. Barter! branches. Seeds ook. f. is called Bread-tree, Dika Bread, Mango*. edible.
H
ISANTHUS,
Michx. False Pennyroyal, etc. Labiatae. Greek, '"equal" (i. e. regular) "flowered". Syn. Annual herb. One species, Canada and Trichostema, in part. eastern U. S., False Pennyroyal, Fluxweed, Blue Gentian*.
1070.
From
L. Woad. Criiciferae. Greek plant name. Herbs, annual or biennial. About 30 species, southern Europe and western Asia, Europe. Dyer's Woad (Wad, Ode, Goud), I. tinctoria L.
1071.
ISATIS,
Ant'ient
a.
Ash-of-Jerusalem. This species as well as (b) Fortune, of China yields indigo.
I.
indi^otica
ISNARDIA, Named for A.
L. Marsh Purslane. Onagraceae. D. Isnard, French botanist, d. 1724. Syn. Ludwigia, in part. Sue ulent herbs. About 4 species, N. America; 3 in U. S.
1072.
-a.
Europe, I. paliistris L. (L. palustris Ell. ). rica; U. S. throughout. Marsh Purslane, False Loose-strife, asthma.
Phthisic-weed.
Asia and N. Ame-
Water Purslane, Pkmt has been used in
ISOCARPHA,
Isocarpha. R. Br. 1816. Conipositae. Gret-k, ''equal chafl", the bracts of involucre and reSyn. Dunantia, DC. 1836; Calea, in ceptable being similar. Herbs related to Ageratum. About 5 species, tropical part. America; 1 in U. S.
1073.
From
IS6C0MA,
Isocoma, Damiana*. Coinpositae. equal hair". Syn. Aplopappus, Baccharis, Bigelovin, Linoseris, in part. Suffrutescent plants with succuTen species in lent leaves and small rayless heads (yellow). southwestern U. S.
1074.
From
-a.
Greek,
Nutt.
'
yeneta (H. B. K. ) Greene (Bac. veneta H. B. K., Big. veCalineta Gray, L. Mexicana Schlecht., A. discoideus DC). One of the plants called Damiana. Plant refornia to Mexico. puted aphrodisiac.
I.
1076.
IS6mERIS,
Nutt.
Isomeris.
Capparidaceae.
From Greek, "equal parts". A shrub of unpleasant odor, with yellow flowers. One species, California.
)
SCIENTIFIC
AND POPULAR.
205
F. & Gr. Isopappus. Compositae. Greek, with "equal pappus". Syn. Aplopappus, in part. Herbs with small heads of yellow flowers. Two species, southern U. S.
ISOPAPPUS,
1076.
From
ISOPYRUM,L.1752. False Eue Anemone.Raminciilaceae. Ancient Greek plant name. Syn. Enemion, Raf, 182(X. Herbs with ternately decompound leaves. About 15 species, north temperate zone; 4 in U. S.
1077.
Virginia Willow. Saxifragaceae. ITEA, L. From Greek name of "willow", the foliage being willow-like.
1078.
Shrubs with raceraed Avhite flowers. ern Asia; 1 in U. S.
About 5 species, 4
of east-
Marsh Elder. Ambrosiaceae. iVA, L. Old Greek name of Ground-pine (Ajnga) which has a similar odor. Syn Cyclachsena, in part. Rough herbs resembling Ambrosia. About 14 species, all American; 11 inU. S. (a.) I. friitescPiiS L. is called also High-water shrub and Jesuit's-
1079.
bark*. Ivesia. IVESIA, Torr. & Gr. Rosaceae. Syn. Potentilla, inPerennial herbs related to Potentilla. part. Fourteen species belong to southwestern U. S.
1080.
Wild Jasmin, etc. iXORA, L. Riibiaceae. Dedicated to Iswara, a Malabar deity in whose worship theflowers were used. Shrubs or small trees. About 135 species, tropical regions especially of Old World.
1081.
a.
I.
coccinea L.
remedy
Bandhuca Roxb.
(I.
).
Tropical Asia.
A
in India for dysentery.
JACARANDA,
1082.
Juss. Rosewood, etc. Bignoniareae* vernacular, Brazil. Syn. Bignonia, in part. Trees. America. 30 species, tropical
From About a.
J. procera (Willd. ) Spreng. (B. procera Willd. ) (b) J. Copaia (Aubl.) D. Don. (B. Copaia Aubl. ); (c) J. Caroba ( Vel. DC. (B. Caroba Velloso); perhaps all three a single species. Guiana to Brazil. Caroba. Leaves alterative, anti-syphilitic. Other Brazilian species also called Caroba and having similar properties are (d) J. oxyphyl la Cham, and (e) J. subrhombea ;
See also Bignonia, Cybistax and Sparattosperma.
DC. f.
Brazil. Wood of J. ovalifolia R. Br. (J. mimossefolia Don.). this and some other species is the fragrant Palixander or Palissandre wood, also called Rosewood.
JACOBIXIA,
1088.
Shrubs.
U.
Moric.
About 30
species,
Jacobinia.
Acantliaceae.
warmer regions of America;
1 in*
S.
JACQUEM6NTIA,Choisy.Jacquemontia.ConvoIvulaceae. for Victor Jacquemont who traveled in the West About 36 species, Twining herbs. Indies, 19th century.
1084.
Named
tropical America, 1 in Asia; 4 in U. S.
.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
•206
1085.
JACQUINIA, Named for Prof.
1818.
Myrshiaceae.
^
de Jacquin, botanist of Leyden, d. Evergreen shrubs. About 18 species, tropical America; N.
I.
(a) J, arinillaris Jacq., S. called Bracelet-wood or Joe-wood.
2 in U. is
Bracelet-wood.
L.
;
West Indies .,^
to Florida, _^^j
JAMBOS, Adans. (Jambosa DC, Jambus). Myrtaceae. Trees Syn. Eugenia, in part. Vernacular, Hindustan. bearing large edible fruits.
1086.
a.
J. Jambos (L. ) Lyons (E. Jambos L. (Kew), E. jambosa Crantz, E. Jamboo Roxb. J. vulgaris DC, Jambus rot^atus Noronha). East Indies, cult, in all tropical countries. Kose Fruit esculent, Apple, Malabar Plum, Jambosade, Jamba. ,
with flavor of rose-leaves. b.
DC
(E. Malaccensis L. (Kew), J. purJ. Malaccensis (L. ) India, East Indies purea W. «& A., J. domestica Rumph. ). and Oceanica. Malay Apple, the Mountain Apple or Ohia of Hawaiian Islands. Fruit esculent.
1087.
JANtJSIA,
Janusia.
Juss.
Climbing shrubs. in U. S.
About 8
species,
Malpighiaceae. S. America; 1
mostly of
Sheep' s-bit. Cainpanulaceae. JASI6nE, L. Ancient Greek name of this or a kindred plant. Dwarf herbs with clustered flowers. About 12 species, temperate Europe; 1 adv. in U. S., viz. (a) J. montana L., Sheep' s-bit, Sheep's
1088.
Scabious.
JASMINDM,
Jasmine, Jessamine. L. Jasminaceae. Shrubs or climbers. About the Arabic name, yasmin. 125 species, warmer regions especially of Old World. The fragrant flowers of several species are largely used in perfumery, notably of (a) J. grand iflorum L., India to Japan, cult, in France, Large-flowered White Jasmine or Jessamine (Jasmin, Jessamin, Jessamy, Jeshamy); (b) J. oduratissimum L., Madeira, Sweet-scented Yellow Jasmine; (c) J. officinale L., Chma and southern Asia, cult, in southern Europe, Common White Jasmine; (d) J. Sambac, India to China, Arabian Ja.smine, Bela (Hindustan).
1089.
From
1090.
JATEORRHIZA,
Miers.
Calumba.
Menisperniaceae.
From Greek, "healing root". Syn. Cocculus, Menispermum, Woody climbers. Three species, tropical Africa. in part. palmdta (Lam.) Miers (M. palmatum Lam., C. palmatus This last is possibly a disnot Hook., M. Columba Roxb. tinct species; if so we must adopt for the name of the plant proEastern Africa ducing Calumba J. Colli mba ( Roxb. ) Miers. ) Root; Calumba, U. S. P., Calumbse radix Br., Calumba or Radix Kalumb); Colombo, P. G., Columbo (from vernacular Fr. Racine de Colombo Calumbo; Ger. Kolombowurzel
A. J.
DC,
.
;
(Codex), Colombe; Bitter
tonic.
^
AND
SCIENTIFIC
JATROPHA,
1091.
L.
POPL'LAR.
207
Spurge Nettle,
etc. Eiiphorbiacfae. Prickly herbs or shrubs. About 70 specins, warmer regi(ms especially of New World; 8 in U. S. (a) J. stiiniilosa Michx. (J. urens, var. stimulosa Muell. ), Virginia to Florida and Texas, is called Spurge Nettle, Sand Nettle, Stinging-bu^h, Tread-softly.
From Greek, "healing nutriment".
JAUMEA,
1092.
Named
for
Jaumea. French
Pers. 1807.
H. Jaume
I.
St.
Compositae.
Hilaire,
botanisr.
Syn.
Kleinia, Juss. 1803, not L. Coinogyne, in part. Herbs or subshrubs. About 5 species, chiefly of S. America; 1 in California. ;
JEFFERS6nIA,
1093.
Bart. Twin-leaf. Berberidaceae. honor of Thomas Jefferson, the statesman. Syn. Podophyllum, in part. Perennial herbs with solitary white flowers. Two species, one in Alantchuria; 1 in U. S.
Named
a.
in
Pers. (P. diphyllum L., J. binata Bart. ) Bartonis Michx, ). Ontario to Virginia and west to Wisconsin. Twin-leaf, Rheumatism root, Helm t-pod, Ground-squirrel Pea, Yellow-root. Pvoot diuretic, alterative,
J, diphjlla
(Kew),
(L.
J.
anti-arthritic.
1094.
1095.
JEPSONIA, Two species in
Small.
U.
JOANNESIA,
Jepsonia.
Veil.
Anda
Syn. Anda, Juss., Andicus, Veil. a.
J. princeps Veil.
(
Saxifragaceae.
S.
Anda
Assu. Tree.
Euphorbiaceae.
One
Braziliensis Raddi,
species, Brazil.
A. Gornesii Juss.,
Andicus pentaphyllus Veil.). Brazil. Anda Assu. Seeds, Semina (Nuces) anda3;Ger. Ararafriichte, Andaniisse; actively cathartic; yield an oil resembling castor
oil.
Walnut JtGLANS, L. Jiiglandaceae. Latin name, the "nut of Jove". Trees with pinnate leaves and edible nuts. About 10 species, north temperate zone and S. America; 5 in U. S.
1096.
.
a.
J. cinerea L. (J. catharticaMichx., J. oblongaMill. ). Canada to Georgia, west to Arkansas and N. Dakota. Butternut, White or Lemon Walnut, Oil-nut. Bark of root; Juglans, U. S. P., Butternut bark; Ger. Graue Wallnussrinde; Fr. Ecorce de noyer gris; Sp. Nogal; cathartic, cholagogue. Seeds rich in oil.
b.
Ontario and eastern U. S. Black Walnut. Seeds J. nigra L. yield oil; twood valuable; (c) J, Californica Wats., California, is the California Black Walnut.
d.
J. r^gia L.
Europe and Asia, cult, in U.S. English Walnut, European or French Walnut, Bennut, Welsh-nut, French-nut,
Madeira-nut (a thin shelled variety);
Nux
Noyer commun
Xux
regia,
Nux
persica,
(Codf-x). Rind of fruit, alterative, anthelmintic. Leaves, Folia juglandis, P. G., astringent, alterative. Kernels yield walnut oil. Immature fruit pickled. euboea; Fr.
)
.
PLANT NAMES
208
1097.
ANT)
SYNONYMS
Wood Eush. JtJNCOIDES, Adans. 1763. From Greek, ''rush-like". Syn. Luzula, DC. About 40
like perennials.
species; 11 in
U.
Jimcaceae. Eush-
1805.
S.
Eush, Bog Rush, etc. Jimcaceae. JUNCUS, L. Ancient Latin name, referring to useol rushes for "binding". Grass-like plants, mostly paludal or aquatic. About 175 species, especially of north temperate zone; 78 in U. S.
1098.
Juniper. Pinaceae. JUNIPERUS, L. Ancient Latin name, meaning "renewing its youth". Syn. Evergreen trees and shrubs with berry-likeSabina, in part. fruit. About 30 species, northern hemisphere; 9 in U. S.
1099.
Bermudidna L. Bermuda and Barbados. The fragrant icood used for pencils, etc.
a. J.
Pencil Cedar.
b.
Northern Europe, Asia and N. America, J. communis L. south to New Jersey, Michigan and New Mexico. Juniper tree, Aiten (Ailnach, Etnaoh), Fairy-circle, Gorst, Hackmatack, Horse Savin; Ger. Wachholder, Kaddig, Kranewett, Jachandel, Johandel; Fr. Genevrier comniun; Sp. Enebro. Fruit, Juniper berries, Melmot berries; Baccae juniperi; Ger. Wacbholderbeeren; Fr. Baie de genievre ( Codex j; diuretic, carminative, emmenagogue; source of oil of Juniper. Oleum The wood also yields by distillation a volajuniperi, U. S. P. From the fruit is distilled the tile oil, oleum ligni juniperi. spirit called gin (originally geneva).
c.
J.
d.
J.
Southern Europe and northern Africa. Oxyc^driis L. Prickly Cedar, Spanish Cedar, Large brown-fruited Juniper, Wood yields by dry distillation Oil of Berry-bearing Cedar. Cade; Oleum cadinum, U. S. P.; Ol. juniperi empyreumaticum, 01. cadi, 01. juniperi nigrum; Ger. Kadeol, Kaddigol, Takinol; Fr. Huile de cade (Codex), anthelmintic; used in skin diseases; a constituent of Haarlem oil.
Sabina L. (S. officinalis Garcke.). Europe, northern Asia and N. America, south to New York and Montana. Savin (Savine), Saving tree. Cover-shame; Ger. Sadebaum; Fr. SabineThe tops; Sabina, U. S. P., Sabinae cacumina Br., ( Codex). Summitates sabinte, Herba sabinae; Ger. Sadebaumspitzen, Sadekraut; emmenagogue, irritant, anthelmintic. Also source of oil of savin
6.
(
U. S. P.
British America and U. S., east of Eocky Mountains. Eed Cedar, Carolina Cedar, Virginian Cedar, Pencil Cedar, Savin*, Eed Savin, Eed Juniper, Pencil-wood. Properties resemble those of (d)
J. Tirginiana L.
1100.
JUSSIAEA, L. Named for Bernard
Prim rose- Willow.
Onagraceae.
Syn. Ludwigia, in part, Jussieua (the older form). Perennial herbs with white or yellow solitary flowers. About 35 species, warm and temperate regions, especially of New World; 8 in U. S. (a) J. Forsk., or Creeping Floating Primrose-willow, is called, diffusa
de Jussieu,
d.
1777.
;
also Clove-strip.
SCIENTIFIC
AND POPULAR.
1101. JUSTICIA, L.
Named
209
Acanthaceae.
Justicia.
Scotch horticulturalist. Syn. Dianthera, Diapedium, Dicliptera, in part. Herbs, rarely shrubs. About 110 species, warmer regions; 1 in U. 8. See Adhatoda.
1102.
Justice,
for J.
KALLSTROEMIA,
Scop. Caltrops. Zygophyllaceae. Kallstroem. Syn. Tribulus, in part. Herbs, often prostrate, with yellow flowers. About 10 species, warm and tropical regions; 4 in U. S.
Named for
KALMIA,
Sheep Laurel, etc. Ericaceae. Kalm, a pupil of Linneus, d. 1779. Evergreen shrubs with showy flowers. About 6 species, 1 of Cuba
1103.
Named
L.
for Peter
the rest of eastern U. S. a.
K. an^iistif61ia L.
Canada, south to Georgia. Sheep Laurel, Lamb-kill, Kill-kid, Narrow-leaved Laurel or Sheep-laurel, Dwarf Laurel or Sheep-laurel, Sheej)- poison, Spoonwood Ivy, Wicky. Properties of (d), as have (b) K. glaiica Ait., British America, south to New Jersey, Michigan, Colorado and California., Swamp Laurel, Pale Laurel; and (c) K. hirsiita Walt., Virginia to Florida, Hairy Laurel, Calf-Kill,
Wicky. d.
Canada and eastern U. S. Mountain Laurel, latifolia L. Calico-bush, American Laurel, Small or Wood Laurel, Broadleaved Laurel or Kalmia, Kose Laurel, Sheep Laurel, Spurge Laurel, Claujoun, Kalmia, Ivy-bush, Big-leaved Ivy, Spoonhunt, Spoonwood, Wicky. Leaves alterative, narcotic, sedative, errhine, astringent. Fruit poisonous.
K.
1104.
KARWINSKIA, Shrubs.
America;
1105.
1
KELL^ttGIA,
1106.
KHAYA,
species,
Juss.
Rhamnaceae.
and sub-tropical N.
tropical
Kelloggia.
Torr.
One
Slender herb.
Karwinskia.
Zucc.
About 5 in U. S.
Riibiaceae.
species, California.
-
Juribali.
-
Cedrelaceae.
The vernacular name. trees.
(Desv.
)
Syn. Swietenia, in part. Large Two species, tropical Africa; (a) K. Senegalensis Juss. (S. Senegalensis Desv. ). W^estern Africa.
Juribali.
1107.
Bark
astringent, febrifuge.
KNEIFFIA, Spach. Named for Prof. C. Kneifl
Sundrops,
etc.
Onagraceae.
Syn. Oenothera,, in part. Sufii-utescent herbs with yellow diurnal flowers.. About 10 species, temperate N. America; 9 in U. S.
a.
K. puinila
of Strassburg.
(L.) Spach. (Oe. pumilaL., Oe. chrysantha Michx.).
Small Sundrops, Dwarf EveEvening Primrose, (b) K. Rairaann, and (c) K, ^laiica (Michx.) Spach
Canada and northeastern U.
S.
ning: Primrose, Golden-flowered
fniticosa (L.
)
are called also Scabish.
)
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
210
1108.
KNOWLT6NIA,Salisb.l796.KnowltoDia.Riiiiunciilaceae. for Thomas Knowlton, curator botanical garden at Syn. Thebesia, Neck. 1790. Acrid herbs. About species, South Africa; (a) K. vesicatoria Sims. South
Named Eltham. 6
African Buttercup.
1109.
White Sage, etc. k6cHIA, Roth. Cheiiopodiaceae. Named for W. D. J. Koch, curator botanical garden Erlan-
gen, d. 1849. low shrubs. a.
Plant acrid, vesicant.
Syn. Chenopodium, in part. Perennial herbs or About 35 species, mostly of Old World; 2 in U. S.
K. Americana Wats. ( K.prostrata Auct.,not Schrad. ). Nevada. White Sage. A valuable salt bush, as is (b) K. villosa Lindl. of Australian deserts, called Cotton-bush, (c) K. Scoparia (L) Roth. (C. Scoparia L. ), Europe and Asia, adv. in U. S., is called
1110.
Brown
Cypress, Belvidere or
KOEBERLOIA,
One
species,
1794. Koelle,
German
KOELLIA, Moench Named for
Cypress.
Simarubaceae. Texas and Mexico.
Koeberlinia.
Zucc.
Shrub, almost leadess.
1111.
Summer
Mountain Mint.
Labiatae.
botanist, 18th Century Syn. Brachystemum and Pycnanthemum, Michx. 1803; Clinopodium. Origanum, Satureja and Tullia, in part. Mint-like perennials. About 15 species, all of U. S. Properties of J. L. C.
Mentha. a.
K. incaua tario
to
(L. )Kze. (C. incanum L., P. incanum Michx.). OnFlorida. Hoary Mountain Mint, Mountain Mint,
Calamint, Wild Basil, locally b.
known
as Horsemint.
K. Virginiana (L.) MacM. (S. Virginiana L., P. lanceolatum Pursh). Canada to Georgia, west to Nebraska. Virginia Thyme, Virginia Mountain Mint, Basil*, Mountain Thyme, Pennyroyal*, Prairie Hyssop. The name Virginia Thyme is given also to the much less aromatic, (c) K. flexiiosa ''Walt. MacM. (O. flexuosura Walt., S. Thymus- Virginicus L.,^P. linifolium Pursh), Ontario and eastern U. S., Narrow-leaved Mountain Mint^.
1112.
KONIGA, Adans. 1763. Sweet Alyssum, etc. Cruciferae. Named for Charles Konig;. curator in British Museum. Syn.
Konig (older form), Lobularia, Desv. 1813; Glyce, Alyssum :and Clypeola, in part. [Not to be confounded with Koenigia About 4 spePerennial herbs or shrubs. L., Polygonaceae. ] The Sweet Alyssum of the gardens cie", Mediterranean region. is (a) K. maritima (L. ) R. Br. (C. mantima L., G. mariti-
mum
Seaside Koniga^, Lind., A. maritimum Lam.). Allison, Anise*, Madwort, Snow-drift, Seedling.
Sweet
KOSTELETZKYA,
Presl. Kosteletzkya. Malyaceae. Syn. for V. F. Kosteletzky, botanist of Bohemia. About 8 spePerennial herbs or shrubs. Hisbicus, in Part. cies, New World; 3 in U. S.
1113.
Named
1114.
KRAMERIA, Named
Krameria. Krameriaceae. H. Kramer, Austria, 18th Century. About 20 species, warmer regions of
Loefl. for Dr. J. G.
Herbs or low shrubs. America; 4 in U.
S.
SCIENTIFIC a.
K. argentea Mart.
AND POPULAR.
Brazil.
Rhatany, Eatanhia da
211
Source of Para, Brazilian or Ceara
terra.
b.
K. cistoidea Hook.
c.
K. Ixina L. Brazil to Mexico and West Indies. Savanilla or New Granada Rhatany. See (e)
d.
K. secuudiflora DC. (K. lanceolata Tor.). Florida to New Mexico and Mexico, Linear-leaved Krameria. Source of Texas Rhatany.
€.
K. tridndra R.
Chili.
Root resembles Payta Rhatany. Source of
&
Pa v. (K. tomentosa St. Hil. ). Peru and Bolivia. Source of Peruvian or Payta Rhatany. Root of this and of (c), Rhatany, Rhatany root; Krameria. U. S. P,, Krameriae radix, Br., Radix ratanhiae (ratanhai); Ger. Ratanhawurzel, Ratanhiawurzel; Fr. Ratanhia (Codex); Sp. Ratania, Crameria. root) gent.
[Varieties are Short or
Stumpy Rhatany
and Long Rhatany (the branches)].
A
(the
main
powerful astrin-
Wisteria. KRAUNHIA, Raf. 1808. Papilionaceae . Syn. Wisteria, Nutt. 1818, also Glycine, in part. Woody climbers with showy blue or purple flowers. Four known species, three of Asia; 1 in U. S.
1115.
a.
K. frutescens (L. ) Raf. (G. frutescens L. W. speciosa Nutt. (Kew), W. frutescens Poir. ). Southeastern U. S. American Wisteria, Kidney-bean tree, Virgin's- bower*. ,
KRYNiXZKIA, Fisch. & Mey. 1841. Boraginaceae. Syn. Krynitzia, Piptocalyx, Torr. 1874, not Oliver, 1870 (but Heller catalogues two species under this name). Herbs. Perhaps 20 species, N. America. See Allocarya, Cryptanthe, Eremocarya and Oreocarya.
1116.
1117.
KUHNIA,
False Boneset. Compositae. of Philadelphia, pupil of Linnaeus. Syn. Eupatorium, in part. Perennial herbs with small flower heads in corymbs. About 8 species, N. America; 4 in U. S.
Named
1118.
L.
for JDr.
Adam Kuhn
KUHSiSTERA, Lam. 1789. Prairie Clover. Papilionaceae. Named from
resemblance to Kuhnia. Syn. Petalostemon, also Dalea, in part. Perennial herbs with spicate or capitate flowers (purple or white). About 35 species, N. America; 27 in U. S. (a) K. caudida (Willd. ) Kze. is White Prairie Clover or Tassel-flower; (b) K, purpurea (Vent.)
Michx. 1803,
MacM.
is
Violet Prairie Clover,
Red
Tassel-flower,
Red Thim-
ble weed.
1119.
KUMLIENIA, Herb.
One
Greene.
Kumlienia.
Eanunculaceae.
species in western U. S.
KUNZIA, Spreng. 1818, not Kunzea, Reichb. Rosaceae. Syn. Pur.-hia, DC. 1817, not Spreng 1817. Shrubs. Two species, Pacific slope U. S.
1120.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
212
LABLAB,
Adans. 1763. Egyptian Bean. Papilionaceae. Syn. Lablavia, Don 1834; vernacular name, Africa. One species, Africa. Dolichos, in part. Herbaceous climbers.
1121.
From
a.
Lablab L., L. vulgaris Savi, L. ) Lyons (D. niger Medic, and L. rufus Medic, L. cultratus DC, Lablavia Africa, widely cult, in tropical countries. vulgaris D. Don). Seeds and 'pods esEgyptian Bean, Black or Hyacinth Bean.
L. Lablab (L.
culent.
L ACHNOC AULON, Kunth.
Lachnocaulon. Eriocaulaceae. Syn. Eriocaulon, in Scapose herbs resembling Eriocaulon. Four known part. species, southern U. S.
1122.
From Greek, 'VooUy stemmed".
LACHN6ST0MA,H.
B. K. Lachnostoma.Asclepia(iaceae. Herbaceous Greek, "woolly mouth" of the corolla. About 5 species, warmer regions of New World; climbers. l.in U. S.
1123.
From
1124.
,
LACINIARIA, Hill. 1762. Blazing-star. Compositae. From Latin, "fringed", from appearance of flower heads.
Syn. Liatris, Schreb. 1791; also Serratula, Stoepelina, in part. Perennial herbs mostly from tuberous roots, the showy flowerheads in racemes or spikes. About 15 species, all of U. S. a.
Hill
Liatris scariosa (Ser. scariosa L., Florida, west to Texas, Nebraska and ManiLarge Button-Snakeroot, Gay-feather, Kattlesnake' stoba. Root of this and folmaster. Blue Blazing-star, Devil's-bit. lowing species reputed diuretic, diaphoretic, carminative.
L. scariosa (L. Willd.
).
)
Maine to
b.
L. spicata (L.) Kze. (Ser. spicata L., Liatris spicata Willd. ). Massachusetts to Florida, west to Louisiana and Wisconsin. Button Snakeroot, Dense Button-Snakeroot, Gay-feather, Devil'sRough-root, Sawwort, Throatwort*, Colic-root*, Rattlebit. snake' s-master. Corn Snakeroot, Prairie-pine, Backache-root.
c.
L. squarrosa (L. Willd.).
(Ser. squarrosa L., Liatris squarrosa ) Hill Scaly Blazing-star, Colic-root, Rattlesnake' s-master.
Lettuce. Cichoriaceae. LACTl^CA, L. Ancient Latin name, "milky", whence our word lettuce. Herbs with small flower Syn. Mulgedium, Sonchus, in part. heads (yellow, white or blue). About 85 species, northern hemisphere; 10 in U. S.
1125.
a.
British America, L. Canadensis L. (L. elongata Muhl. ). Wild Lettuce, American or south to Georgia and Louisiana.
Canada Wild Lettuce, Tall Lettuce, Butter-weed, Devil's-weed, Devil's Ironweed, Fireweed*, Horseweed, Snake-bite, Snakeweed, Trumpet-weed, Trumpet Milkweed, Trumpets, Wild Opium. J}iice mildly narcotic as also in the indigenous (b) L. hirsuta Muhl. (L. sanguinea Bigel., L. elongati, var. sanguinea T. Gr. ), Hairy or Red Wood-lettuce and (c) L. sagittifolia Ell. (L. integrifolia Bigel, not Nutt., L. elongata, var. integrifolia T. & Gr. ), Arrow-leaved Lettuce, Devil's Ircn-weed.
&
SCIENTIFIC d.
AND POPULAR,
213
Southern Asia, now widely cult. Garden Lettuce, Sallet, Sheepwort. Varieties are Cabbage Lettuce, forming heads (L. capitata DC.) and Cos Lettuce. Ger. Gartenlattich, Gartensalad; Fr. Laitue officinale (Codex); Sp. Lechuga. i/caves used as salad. InspisS8e P. G., H. melissse citratae; in hot infusion, diaphoretic, emmenagogue.
officinale, Citronelle
(Codex),
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
244
MELITTIS,
Bastard Balm. L. 1753. Lablatae. Syn. Melissophyllon, Adans. 1763. Greek, "honey". One species, Europe, (a) M. Herb with showy flowers. Bastard Melissophyllum L. (M. melissi^efolium Salisb. ). Balm; formerly reputed diuretic and lithontriptie.
1303.
From
1304.
MELOCHIA,
Melochia,
L.
Tomentose herbs or sub-shrubs.
Sterculiaceae.
About 50
species,
tropical
regions of both hemispheres; 2 in U. S.
MEL6tHRIA, L. Creeping Cucumber. Ciiciirbitaceae. Old Greek plant name. Vines with small monoecious flowers. About 65 species, chiefly of Old World; 1 in U. S. (a) M. pendula L., of southeastern U. S. to Mexico, is called Creeping Cucumber.
1305.
1306.
MENISPERMUM,
L. Moonseed. Meiiispermaceae. seed", alluding to crescentic shape of About 4 species, 3 of eastern Asia; 1 Dioecious vines.
From Greek, "moon seeds.
in U. S. a.
Canada to Georgia, west to Arkansas. L. Canada Moonseed, Yellow Parilla, Texas or Yellow Sarsaparilla. Vine Maple; Ger. Canadisches Mondkorn; Fr. Menisperme du Canada. Rhizome and roots; Menispermnm, U. S. P.,
M. Canadense
bitter tonic, alterative,
diuretic.
MEN0D6rA, Humb. &
Bonp. Menodora. Oleaceae. Greek, "gift of power". Syn. Bolivaria, in part. Sub-shrubs. About 15 species, mostly of Mexico and adjacent
1307.
From
region; 6 in U. S.
1308.
MENTHA,
L.
The Latin name
-
Mint.
-
Labiatae.
Herbs Syn. Pulegium, in part. with odorous foliage. About 30 species, north temperate zone; 12 in U. S.; Ger. Minze; Fr. Menthe. a.
M.
of Mint.
Europe, nat. in U.S. Corn Mint, Field Mint^ Wild Pennyroyal, Water Calamint; Ger. Var. piper^scens Malinvaud is the source in part Feldminze. of Japanese oil of peppermint, and of menthol. arvensis L.
Lamb' s-tongue,
British America, L. (M. borealis Michx. ). American Wild Mint. south to \'irginia and N. Mexico. Var. glabrata Benth. is also a source of Japanese or Chinese oil of peppermint and of menthol.
b.
M. Canadensis
e.
M. U.
d.
[M. aquatica L. (Kew)]. Europe, adv. Erhr. Bergampt Mint, Bishop's- weed*, Fish Mint.
citrata S.
in
Europe; adv. L. (M. aquatica var. crispa Benth.). Crisped- leaved Mint, Curled or Cross Mint, Balm Mint; Ger. Krauseminze. Leaves of this and of (e) M. crispata Schrad., perhaps a variety of (j), are the Folia menthse crispje of the P. G.
M. crispa in U. S.
f.
longifolia (L. ) Huds. (M. sylvestris L. 1763 (Kew), M. Europe, nat. inU. S. Eurospicata var. longifolia L. 1753).
M.
pean Horsemint, Brook Mint, Fish Mint, Water Mint.
)
SCIENTIFIC g.
M. piperita
h.
M. Piilegiuni
AND POPULAR.
245
L. Europe, nat. in U. S. and widely elsewhere. Peppermint, Brandy Mint, Lamb Mint, Lammint;Ger. PfefFerminze; Fi. Menthe poivree ( Codex );Sp. Yerba beuna piperita. Leaves and tops, Kientha Piperita, U. S. P., Folia Menthae piperitae P. G., Herba menthse; carminative, anodyne, stimulant. Plant yields oil of Peppermint, which consists partly of menthol. L. (P. vulgare Mill.). Europe. European Pennyroyal, Brotherwort, Church wort. Flea Mint, Hillwort, Lillie-riallJ, Lurkey-dish, Organy, Origan, Pudding-grass, Puliall, Puliolroyal; Ger. Polei; Fr. Menthe pouliot, Pouliot commun (Codex), Tolilolo;Sp. Poleo. Properties of Hedeoma
pulegeoides, q. i.
.
M, rotimdifolia
v.
(L.
)
Huds. (M. spicata
var.
rotundifolia L.
).
Eastern U. S. to Mexico. Kound-leaved Mint, Patagonia Mint, Apple Mint, Horsemint*, Wild Mint, Yerba buena piperita. j,
M.
spicata L. M. spicata var. viridis L. 1753, M. viridis L. 1763 (Kew), M. sylvestris var. glabra Koch). Europe, nat. in U. S. and widely elsewhere. Spearmint, Mint, Brown or Garden Mint, Lamb Mint, Lammint, Mackerel Mint, Our Lady's Mint, Saffe-of-Bethlehem; Ger. GriineMinze, Eomische Minze; Fr, Menthe verte (Codex), Menthe romaine, Baume vert; Sp.
U.
S. P.,
Y^'erba buena..
Herba menthae
Leaves and tops] acutse v. romanae;
Ir. entha Viridis, properties of (f )
MENTZELIA,
1309.
L. Prairie Lily. Loasaceae. for C. Mentzel, German botanist, d. 1701. Syn. BarCoarse herbs or suffrutescent plants with showy toniaf in part. white or yellow flowers. About 40 species, warmer regions of New World; 27 in U. S.
Named ,
a.
M. decapetala (Pursh)Urb. & Gilg. (B. decapetalaPurshl812, B. ornata Pursh 1814, M. ornata T. & Gr. ). Dakota and Montana to Texas. Gunebo Lily, Prairie Lily. Buckbean. MENYANTHES, L. Menyaiithaceae. Greek plant name. Marsh herb with trifoliate leaves. One species, northern hemisphere (U. S.
1310.
a.
M.
Europe, Asia and north America south to trifoliata L. Pennsylvania, Minnesota and California. Buckbean, Bogbean, Brook-bean, Bitter- worm, Bog Hop, Bop Myrtle, Bog-
Bean or Bitter Trefoil, Marsh or Water Trefoil. Marsh Clover, Moon-flower* Water Shamrock; Ger. Dreiblatt, Fieberklee, Bitterklee, Bieberkiee, Wasserklee; Fr. Menyanthe, Trefle d'eau, (Codex); Sp. Trebal acuatico. Leaves, Folia Trifolii fibrini P. G., bitter tonic, alterative, antiscorbutic, emmen agogue. nut,
1311.
Menziesia. MENZIESIA, J. E. Smith. Ericaceae. Named for Dr. A. Menzies, naturalist of Vancouver's explor-
ing expedition. Shrubs. About 7 species, N. America and Japan; Sin U. S. (a) M. pilosa (Michx. ) Pers. (M. globularis Salisb. ) is called Minnie-bush.
PLANT NAMES ANT) SYNONYMS
246
MERCURIALIS,
L. Dog' s Mercury, etc. Latin, "mercurial plant". Herbs. Mediterranean region and eastern Asia; 1 nat. Bingelkraut; Fr. Mercuriale.
1312.
From
a.
M. auiiua Mercury.
b.
L. Europe, adv. in U. S. Leaves cathartic, alterative.
Euphorbiaceae. About 6 species, in
U. S.; Ger.
Mercury herb, French
M. perennis
L. Europe. Dog's Mercury, Kentish Balsam, Bazzard-flower, Bristol-weed, Cheadle, Sapwort. The male plant is called Baron's (i. e. barren) Mercury, also Girl's Mercury, ]VIaiden Mercury, the female plant is Boy's Mercury. Properties of (a).
Primrose*. MERIOLIX, Raf. Oiia^-raceae. Sufirutescent herb with yellow Syn. Oenothera, in part. flowers. One species, southwestern U. S. and Mexico.
1313.
MERTENSIA,
1314.
Lungwort.
Roth.
Bora^inaceae.
Named
for Prof. F. C. Mertens, German botanist. Syn. Pulmonaria, in part. Perennial herbs. About 15 species, northern hemisphere; 10 in U. S. a.
Yirgrinica (L. ) DC. (M. pulmonarioides Roth. (Kew), P. Virginica L. ). Ontario to S. Carolina, west to Kansas and Nebraska. Virginia or American Lungwort, Smooth or Tree Lungwort, Virginia Cowslip, American Cowslip*, Roanoke Herb lenitive, expectorant. Bell, Blue-bells*.
M.
MESADENIA,
Raf. Indian Plantain. Compositae. Syn. Cacalia, Senecio, in part. "central gland". Perennial herbs with small discoid flower-htads. About 12 species, N. America, 8 in U. S.
1315.
From Greek,
a.
M.
atriplicifolia
(
L.
)
Raf. (C. atroplicifoliaL., S. atroplicifol-
iusHook.). Ontario to Florida, west to Kansas and Minnesota. Pale Indian Plantain, Wild Caraway. Plant emollient. b.
M.
) Raf. (S. Muhlenbergii Sch. (Kew), Muhl.). New Jersey to Minnesota and southGreat Indian Plantain, Wild Collard.
reiiiformis (Muhl.
C. reniformis
ward.
MESEMBRYANTHEMUM,
1316.
From Greek, "midday
flower".
Aizoidaceae.
L.
Syn.
Mesembryum, Adans. About 300 species,
Fleshy-leaved plants, some cactus-like. warmer regions mostly of Old World, especially Africa; 3 nat. in U. S. a.
South Africa, nat. in southern Europe and Ice-plant, Diamond Fig, Diamond-plant; Ger. Eiskraut; Fr. Glaciale, Cristalline. Plant diuretic, emollient.
M.
crystallinuin L.
in California.
b.
M. edule L.
S.Africa.
Hottentot's Fig.
MESOSPHAERUM,P.Br.
1317.
Syn. Hyptis, Jacq. 1786. cies,
U.S.
warmer regions of New
Fruit ed'ihle.
1756. Mesosphaerum. Labiatae.
Herbs or shrubs. About 250 speWorld, especially in Brazil; 4 in
,
AND POPULAR.
SCIENTIFIC
247
MESPILUS,
L. Medlar. Poiiiaceae. Syn. Pyrus, in part. ancient Greek name of (a). Shrubs or small trees. One or two species, Europe and Asia.
1318.
From
a.
[P. Germanica J. Hook. (Kew)]. Europe and western Asia. Medlar, English or Dutch Medlar, Medle. Fruit edible. tree, Hosedoup, liowdoup, Marie.
M. Germanica L.
METASTELMA,
1319.
K. Br.
Metastelma.
Asclepiadaceae..
Shrubby climbers with small or minuteWhite flowers. 40 species, warmer regions of New World; 6 in U. S.
About
METHYSTICUM,
Kaf. 1738. Kavakava. Piperaceae* "intoxicating". Syn. Macropiper, Miq, 1739; Piper (Kew), in part. Succulent shrubs with ample foliage. About 6 species, Polynesia.
1320.
From Greek,
a.
M. excelsiim (Forst. ) Lyons (P. excelsum Forst., P. methysticum L., not Forst., Mac. excelsum Miq.). New Zealand to Australia.
New
Zealand Toothache-tree, KaAvakawa
tree.
Boot analgesic. b.
(Forst.) Lyons (P. methysticum Forst,, Mac. metbysticum Miq,, Mac. latifolium Miq. fide Hillebr., Meih. esculentum Kaf.). Polynesian Islands. Kavakava, Awa, Ava, Kawa. Moot intoxicant, analgesic, local anesthetic.
M. methysticum
METROSIBEROS,
Banks 1788. Lehua, etc Myrtaceae. Greek, "iron womb". Syn. Nani, Adans. 1763, Nania, Miq. 1855. Trees or shrubs, some climbers, with showy flowers. About 10 species, Oceanica to Australia.
1321.
From
a.
lutea Gray, M. spectabilis Gaertn. Polynesian Islands, Hawaii to Viti. The Lehua of Hawaiian song. The similar (b) M. tomeiitosa Cunn. of New Zealand is known as Fire-tree. Both are large trees with crimson (sometimes yellow) tassel-like flowers and very hard durable timber, (c) M. vera Lind. (Nania vera Miq. ) is the Iron-tree of Java.
M. polymorpha Gaud. (M. etc.
).
METr6xYL0N,
1322.
From
Greek,
Sagus,
yn.
Kumph.
Malay archepelago a.
Rottb. 1783.
Sago Palm. Sabalaceae. probably pith wood,
"womb wood", meaning 1788.
Lar
to Fiji islands.
(Willd. ) Mart. (S. Rumphii Willd., S. genuina East Indies. Prickly Sago Palm. Starch from interior of trunk is SagO, U. S. P. 1870; Fr. Sagou (Codex); Sp.
M. Riimphii Blume). Sagii.
b.
Rottb. (M. Sago Koen., M. Sagus Spreng., M. laeve Spineless Sago Palm. Mart., S. lajvis Blume). East Indies. or sagu is the Chief source of the sago of commerce. ( Sago
M. Sagu
Papuan word
MEUM,
1328.
The cies,
for
"bread"
).
Adans.
ancient Greek name.
Mediterranean region.
Umbelliferae. One, possibly 2 or 3, spe-
Spignel, ite.
Herbs.
)
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
248 A.
M. Athamanticum
Jacq. Europe. Spignel (Spicknel, SpikeSpeknel, Spike-nail), Spignet, Baldmoney (Badmoney), Bawdmoney, Bearwort, Honka, Mew, Micken. Boot, Radix mei (athainantici), Bad. anethi ursini; Ger. Barwurzel, Herzwurzel, Mutterwurzei, Barendillwurzel; carminative, stomachic, nel,
emmenagogue. 1324.
MICHELIA, L. Named for Micheli,
8yn.
Cha
Champaca.
Magnoliaceae.
Florentine botanist early in I8th Century. Trees. About 15 species, tropical paca, Adans.
and mountainous Asia. a.
M. Champaca L. (C. Michelia Noronha, M. suaveolens Pers., India. Chumpaka or Champak tree, M. Blumei Steud. ). Moot
sacred to Vishnu.
bitter,
tonic.
Flowers exceedingly
fragrant.
MICRAMPELIS,
Eaf. Wild Balsam-apple. Cucurbitaceae. Syn. Echinocystis, T. & Greek, "small grapevine" Herbaceous Gr. Megarrhiza, Momordica, Sicyos, in part. About 25 species. New World; 9 in U. S. vines.
1326.
From
.
;
«,.
M. fabacea (Naud. ) Greene (Meg. Californica Tor.) and (b) M. Marali (W^ats. Greene (Meg. Marah Wats. ), both of Cali)
fornia, are called Big-root, Bitter-root,
and Yerba marra.
Seeds
called chilli coyote. c.
M.
lobata (Michx.) Greene (S. lobata Michx., E. lobata Tor, tfc Mom. echinata Muhl., Mic. echinata Raf. ). Ontario to Texas. Wild Balsam-apple, Mock Orange*, Creeper, Creeping-Jenny. Gr.,
MICRANTHEMUM,
Michx. Scropliulariaceae. Small glabrous annuals. Greek, "small flowered". New World; 2 16 species, in U. S. About
1326.
From
MICR6caLA,
Link. Microcala. Geiitianaceae. Slender herbs. Two speGreek, "little beauties". cies, one of Europe, one of N. and S. America ( U. S.
1327.
From
MICROMERIA,
Benth. 1829. Yerba Buena. Labiatae. Greek, "small parts". Syn. Piperella, Presl. 1826, Low herbs, some shrubby. About 75 species, mostly of Old World, a few in America; 3 in U. S.
1328.
From
A.
Chamissonis (Benth."* Greene (M. Douglassii Benth. (Kew), M. barbata, Fisch, & Meyer). Pacific Coast of U. S. Yerba buena (Spanish name for Mint). Plant diaphoretic, Similar properties are ascribed to (b) M. obovata febrifuge.
M.
Benth., West Indian Islands, called All-heal.
1329.
MICRORHAMNUS,
Gray. Microrhamnus. Shrub. "small Buckthorn". Mexico.
From Greek, Texas
to
New
MICR6SERIS,
Rhamnaceae. One species,
Microseris. Don. Ciclioriaceae. Endive". Herbs with scape- like pedmostly of N.Amerflowers 20 species, uncles, yellow. About
1330.
From
Greek,
"little
ica: 15 in California.
AND POPULAR.
SCIENTIFIC a.
M. Forsteri
J.
Scorzonera,
MILLA,
1331.
Hook.
Australia and
New
Zealand.
Native
Root esculent. Cav. (Millea).
Herbs with cylindrical hollow New World; 1 in U. S. 1332.
249
MIM(3SA, From Greek,
Milla. leaves.
Mimosa,
L.
Liliaceae.
About 20
species,
Mimosaceae.
etc.
*
'mimic". Herbs, shrubs or trees. About 280 species, warmer parts of America, Africa and Asia; 16 in U. S. a.
South America, now widely naturalized in subpiidica L. countries. Sensitive-plant, Humble-plant, Touchweed. The Wild Sensitive-plant of Texas is (b) M. strigillosa T. & Gr.
M.
tropical
Monkey-flower. MIMCLUS, L. Scrophulariaceae. Latin, diminutive of /wj'mjts, an "actor". Herbs with pink, violet or yellow flowers, commonly showy. About 50 species. New World; 41 in U. S.
1333.
a,
.
Pacific coast of U. S. Musk-flower, M. moscliatus Dougl. Musk plant, Vegetable Musk. Plant has a musk-like odor.
1334.
MIMUSOPS,
L. Balata, etc. Sapotaceae. Greek, "ape's face". Syn. Achras, Sapota, in part. Trees or shrubs with milky juice. About 30 species, tropical regions of Old and New World.
From
a.
M. elata Allem. Para. milk, (b) M. Elengi
Cow tree. Milk sap resembles cow's L. of India yields an edible fruit and a
6ar/: which is tonic and astringent, (c) M. Sieberi DC. (A. Zapotilla var. parviflora Nutt. ), W^est Indies to Key AVest, is called W^ild Dilly; fruit eaten by birds.
d.
M. globosa Gaertn. (M. Balata
Crueg., A. Balata Aublet, S. Mueller! Belkrode). Oronoco and Amazon valleys. Balata or Bully tree ( Bulletrie, Bolletrie, Bullet tree ) Exudate is Chicle, Balata or Tuno gum; Leche de popa, now largely used in the manufacture of chewing gum. .
MIRABILISjL. (originally Admirabilis). Nyctagiiiaceae. Latin, "wonderful". Ornamental heibs, from fleshy tubers. About 15 species, warmer regions of America; 9 in U. S. Ger. Wunderblume; Fr. Belle de nuit.
1335.
;
a,
M. Jalapa
L. (M. Jalappa Thunb. ). S. America, commonly gardens. Marvel-of-Peru, Four-o'clock, World' swonder, Afternoon-ladies, Beauty-of-the-night. Boots, known as Metalista root or False Jalap, reputed cathartic. cult,
1336.
in
MITCHELLA,
L.
Partridge-berry. Rubiaceae. botanist of Virginia, 18th Century. Creeping, evergreen herbs with flowers in pairs. Two species, one of S. America, one in U. S.
Named
a.
for Dr.
M. repens L.
John Mitchell,
Canada to Florida, west to Texas and MinneJapan. Partridge-berry, Squaw-vine, Twin-berry, Checker-berry, Chicken-berry, Cow-berry, Deer-berry, Boxsota, also in
)
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
250
Hive-vine, Partridge- vine, Winter Clover, Wild Running Box, One-berry, I'igeon-berry, Snake-berry, Two-eyed berries. Squaw Plum. Plant tonic, astringent, par-
berry, Fox-berry,
turifacient,
etc.
MITELLA, L. Mitrewort, Bisbop's-cap. Saxifragaceae. Latin, dim. of miira, "a cap". Perennial berbs, witb slender racemes of small flowers. About 10 species, N. America and eastern Asia; 9 in U. S.
1337.
a.
M.
(lipliylla
Mitrewort,
to N. Carolina, west to Missouri. or Two-leaved Mitrewort, Bisbop's-cap, False Sanicle, Fairy-cup, Fringe-cup. Leaves
L.
Canada
Common
Currant-leaf, astringent, diuretic,
MITRACARPUM,
1338.
Zucc. (Mithracarpus). Riibiaceae. fruit". Herbs. About 30 species, mostly of tropical America, a few African; 1 in U. S.
From Greek, "turban
MODIOLA, Moench.
1339.
MaHaeeae.
Modiola.
A
Latin modiolus, an ancient Koman measure. small mallow-like herb. One variable species, warmer regions of America and S. Africa (U. S.
From
Sandwort. MOEHRINGIA, L. Caryophyllaceae. Named for P. H. G. Moehring, naturalist of fJanzig. Syn. Arenaria (Kew), in part. Low herbs. About 20 species, northern hemisphere; 2 in U. S.
1340.
MOENCHIA,
1341.
Kamed
Ehrh.
for Prof.
tium (Kew),
Low herbs. adv. in U. S.
in part.
terranean region;
1
MOGIPHANES,
1342.
From Greek,
Mart.
Caryophyllaceae. Marburg. Syn. CerasAbout 3 species, Medi-
Pearlwort.
Konrad Moench
of
Mogiphanes.
Herbs. see". World; 2 in U. S.
''hard to
warmer regions New
Amaranthaceae. About 12 species,
MOHAVEA,
Gray. Mohavea. Scrophulaiiaceae. the river near which the plant was discovered. Viscid-pubescent herb. One species, Arizona to southern Cali-
1343.
Named from
fornia.
MOHRODENDRON,
Brit. Snowdrop tree. Styracaceae. Syn. for Dr. Charles Mohr, botanist of Alabama. Halesia, in part. Shrubs or small trees with drooping bellshaped flowers. About 4 species, southeastern U. S.
1344.
Named
a.
(H. tetraptera L. 1762 (Kew), H. Virginia to Florida, west to Illinois. Silver-bell, Snowdrop tree. Bell tree. Wild Olive tree, Calico- wood, Shittim-wood, Tiss-wood. Some of these names apply also to
M. Caroliuum (L.)
Brit.
Carolina L. 1759).
(b)
M. dipterum
(Ell.) Brit. ^H. dipterum Ell.).
Carpet- weed. MOLLl^GO, L. Low herbs, usually with whorl ed leaves. mostly tropical; 2 in U. S.
1345.
a.
M.
Aizuaceae.
About 12
species,
Eastern U. S. and widely distributed as a verticillata L. weed. Carpet- weed, Indian Chick weed. Devil' s-grip.
SCIENTIFIC
AND POPULAR.
251
MOLUCCELLA,
L. (Molucca). Shell-flower. Labiatae. Herbs with large (in error) from Molucca Islands, About 2 species, Mediterranean region. bell-shaped calyx. (a) M. laevis L., western Asia, often cult, in gardens, is called Shell-flower or Molucca Balm.
1346.
Xamed
,
M0iM6KmCA,
Balsam Apple. L. Cuciirbitaceae. Latin, "chewed", alluding to appearance of the seeds. Climbing herbs. About 25 species, tropical regions of Old World; 2 adv. in U. S. (a) M. Balsamiua L. (M. Charantia Balsam Apple, Balsam Tropical countries generally. Desc. ). Seedtf Root and fruit cathartic, emetic. vine, Balsamina. vulnerary, (b) M. Charantia L. (M. Balsamina Desc.) is the similar Balsam Pear; East Indies and widely cult.
1347.
From
1348.
MOXARBAyL. Named
for
Horsemint, Wild Bergamot, etc. Labiatae. N. Monardes, Spanish botanist, 16th Century.
Aromatic herbs with rather large flowers in About 12 species, N. America; 11 in U. S. a.
capitate clusters.
Canada to Georgia and L. (M. coccinea Michx. ). Oswego Tea, American Bee Balm, Rose Balm, Low Balm, Bed or Scarlet Balm, Mountain Mint, Horsemint-,. Indian' s-plume; Sweet-Mary, Square-stalk.
M. didyma Michigan.
b.
Xew York to Florida, west to Texas and L. Horsemint, American Origanum, Rignumj, MonWisconsin. Herb, as in arda;Ger. Pferdeminze; Fr. Menthe de cheval. other species, diaphoretic, diuretic, carminative, emmenagogue. Source of oil of Monarda. (c) M. citriodora Cerv. (M. aristataNutt. ), Nebraska to Texas and Arizona, is called Lemon Monarda or Prairie Bergamot; (d) M. flstulosa L. (M. mollis L. ), Ontario and eastern U. S., is Wild Bergamot; called also Oswego Tea and Horsemint.
M. punctata
MOXESES,
One-flowered Pyrola. Pyrolaceae. alluding to the solitary flower. Perennial evergreen herb. One species, Syn. Pyrola, in part. (a) M. uniflora (L. ) Gray (M. grandifloraS. F, Gray (Kew), Europe, Asia and N. America. One-flowered P. uniflora L. ). Wintergreen, One-flowered Pyrola.
1349.
From Greek,
1350.
Salisb.
"single delight'
',
MONNIER A,P. Br. 1755.Hedge- Hyssop. Scrophulariaeeae. Named
for Prof. L. Guillaume le Monnier, French botanist, 1799. Syn. Herpestis, Gaertn. 1805, also Limosella, Gratiola, Matourea, Obolaria, in part. Herbs. About 60 species, warmer regions of both hemispheres; 7 in U. S. d.
1351.
MONSO A,
R.
Herbs or shrubs. M. polystachya R.
&
P.
About 50
Monnina.
Polygalaceae. South America, (a) South American Polygala.
species.
& P. Peru. Moot bark astringent and detergent, containing saponin.
1352.
«I0N0D6rA, Dunal. Calabash Nutmeg. From Greek, "single gift". Syn. Anona, in
with large woody fruit and aromatic natives of Africa.
seeds*.
Anonaceae. part.
Trees
About 6
species^
)
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
252
Myristica (Gaertn. )Dunal (A.MyristicaGaertn. )• Jamaica, probably introduced from Africa. Calabash Nutmeg; AmerSeeds having ican, Mexican, Guinea or Jamaica Nutmeg.
a, 31.
flavor
and use of Nutmegs.
M0N6lEPIS,
Monolepis. Schrad. Chenopodiaceae. Greek, "one scale", alluding to the single scale-like Low herbs resembling ChenopoSyn. Blitum, in part. sepal. dium. About 4 species, northern Asia and western N, America; 3 in U. S.
1363.
From
M0X0L6pIA, DC.
1354.
From Greek,
Monolopia.
"
White-woolly annuals with Pacific border of U. S.
yellow flowers.
From Greek, desert annual.
Three
species.
Monoptilon. Compositae. Tor. & Gr. small "single feather", alluding to pappus. One species, California to Utah.
M0N6pTIL0N,
1355.
Compositae.
"single husk", alluding touniserial involucre.
A
M0N6tR0PA,
L. Indian- Pipe. Monotropaceae. "singly nodding", descriptive of the flower. Syn. Monotropion. Low saprophytes, bearing a single nodding flower at the summit of a soaly scape. Two species, widely
1356.
From Greek,
distributed; 1 in U. S. a.
British America, U. S. throughout, Mexico, Indian-pipe, American IceDutchman' splant, Corpse-plant, Ghost-flower, Pipe-plant, pipe*. Fairy-smoke, Eye-bright*, Nest-root, Bird's-nest plant, Fit-root, Convulsion-root, Convulsion-weed, Ova-ova.
M. imiflora
L.
Japan and southeastern Asia.
MONOTROPSIS,
Schwein. 1817. Monotropaceae. Syn. Schweinitzia, Nutt, 1818. Saprophytes. Two species, southeastern U. S. (a) M. odorata Ell. (S. odorata DC. (Kew), S. Caroliniana Don.) of Maryland and N. Carolina is the rare Sweet Pine-sap, called also Carolina Beech-drops.
1357.
From Greek, "Monotropa-like"
MOJiTIA,
1358.
L.
.
Water Chickweed,
etc.
Portulacaceae.
Low for G. Monti, Italian botanist, 18th Century. annual herbs. About 5 species, colder regions of both hemispheres; 2 in U. S. (Heller includes in this genusjfmany speNanjed
cies referred a.
ter
1359.
by others
to Clayton ia.
Northern U. S. and widely distributed. WaChickweed, Blinking Chickweed, Blinks, W^ater-blinks.
M. fontana
L.
MORINDA, From
Indian Mulberry. L. Rubiaceae. "Indian mulberry". Trees or shrubs, some About 40 species, warmer regions, particularly of
Latin,
climbers.
Old World. a.
India to tinctoria Koxb. (M. citrifolia Hunt., not L. ). Indian Mulberry, Al tree. Bark and roofs (AchAustralia. root, Al-root) yield a red dye, as do those of (b) M. Royoc L. (M. umbellata L. (Kew), M. Kojoc Lour.), WeSt Indies and Florida, called Yaw- weed, (c) M. citrifolia L. is the Noni of the Polynesian Islands; pulp of fruit used as a hairdressing.
M.
)
SCIENTIFIC
MORINGA,
1360.
From
Ben
Juss.
Syn. Guilandinat, in part. species, N. Africa, western Asia and East
( M. Arabica Pers. ) Seeds source of true oil of Ben.
Behen. b.
Moringaceae.
nut.
M, aptera Gaertn.
a.
253
vernacular name, Malabar.
Three known
Trees. Indies.
AXD POPULAR.
Arabia
.
to Abyssinia.
M. ptery^ospernia
Gaertn. (M. oleifera Lam., G. MoringaL. ). Boot has pungency of horseradish. Seeds, Ben nuts, Behen nuts, yield oil of Ben which is bitter, acrid and purgative. Wood, Lignum nephriticum, formerly used in kidney complaints.
Horseradish
tree.
MORONGIA,
1361.
Brit. 1894. Sensitive Brier. Mimosaceae. for the late Rev. Thomas Morong, Amei ican botanist. Syn. Schrankia, AVilld., not Medic; Leptoglottis, Mimosa, in part. Prickly herbs or shrubs. About 10 species, warmer
Named
regions of America, 1 in Africa; 6 in U. S. a,
M.
iincinata (Willd. ) Brit. (S. uncinata Willd., Mimosa Intsia Walt. ) Virginia to Nebraska and southward. Sensitive Brier, Sensitive Rose, Shame- vine. (b) M. angiistata (T. & G.) Brit., southeastern U. S., Narrow-leaved Sensitive Brier, is
also called Sensitive-plant*.
1362.
M0RON6bEA,
Hog-gum
Aubl.
From
vernacular, Guiana. Trees. America and the West Indies. a.
Guttiferae.
tree.
Two known
species, S.
M. coccinea
Aublet. Brazil and West Indian Islands. HogResinous exudate, Hog gum. Doctor gum, Mani, Onani; terebinthinate, vulnerary. See Cochlospermum and
gum
tree.
Rhus.
1363.
MORTOSIA, Shrubs.
Gray.
About 5
Mortonia.
species,
Celastraeeae. 3 in U. S.
Mexico and borders;
Mulberry. MORUS, L. Moraceae. Ancient Latin name of Mulberry. Trees or shrubs with succulent aggregate fruits. About 10 species, northern hemi-
1364.
.
sphere; 2 in a.
M. alba
L.
L^.
S.
China, now widely
Sycamine, Silkworm
cult,
and
nat.
White Mulberry,
Leaves the chief food of the silk-
tree.
worm. b.
M. nigra
c.
M. riibra L.
L. Southern Russia and Persia, widely cult. Black Mulberry; Ger. Maulbeerbaum; Fr. Murier; Sp. Moras. Fruit esculent: juice, Succus mororum, refrigerant. Bark of root
tffinicide.
»
Ontario to S. Dakota, south to Florida and Texas. Red Mulberry, American Mulberry. Properties of (b.
1365.
MUCtJNA, Adans. 1768. From vernacular, Brazil.
Cowhage. Papilionaceae* Syn. Carpopagon, Dolichos, Stizolobium, P. Br. 1756, in part. Climbers with thick leathery pods. About 25 species, tropical regions of Old and New Worlds.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS^
254 a.
priiriens (L.) DC. (D. pruriens, L., S. pruriens Medic, C. East aud West Indies. pruriens Roxb., M. prurita Hook.). Hairs ASecds are called Sea-beans, Asses' -eyes, Donkey' s-eyes. from the pods, Cowhage (Cowage, Cowetch); Setae v. Lanugo siliquae hirsutae; Ger. Kratzbohnen, Kuhkratze; Fr. Pois velas, Pois a gratter; Sp. Pica-pica; formerly reputed anthelmintic, (b) M, lirens Medic. (S. urens Pers. ) of S. America has the same properties.
M.
MUILLA,
Wats.
Muilla. Liliaceae. Syn. Allium!, in part. Perennial herbs resembling Allium but without the characteristic odor of Three species, Pacific coast of U. S. that genus.
1366.
Anagram
S.
of Allium.
Banana. Musaceae. MUSA, L. Syn. Ensete, in part. Gigantic herbs, the leafstalks forming a trunk often more than a foot in diameter. About 25 species,
1367.
tropical regions. a.
M, Chineiisis Sweet (M. Cavendishii Lamb., M. regiaRumph., M. nana Lour.), Chinese Banana; (b) M. paradisaica L., Plantain, Adam's Apple; (c) M. sapientum L., Common Banana (many varieties), Adam's Fig, (d) M. Simiarum Rumph. (M. corniculata Lour., M. acuminata Coll.), Pisang. These closely related species yield valuable esculent fruits.
«.
M,
Fibre Philippine Islands. Abaca, Abaka. textilis Nee. leaf stalks is Manila Hemp, (f) M. Eiisete.L F. Gmel. (E. edule Bruce) of northeastern Africa, Bruce's Banana, is often planted for ornament in California and the southern States. Fruit in these species not edible.
from
Grape Hyacinth. MUSCARI, Mill. Liliaceae. Late Latin, said to mean "musky". Syn. Hyacinthu«if, in part. Bulbous scapose herbs. About 40 species, Old World; (a) M. botryoides (L. )Mill. (H. botryoides 2 adv. in U. S.
1368.
Europe and Asia, adv. in U. S., is the Common Globe L. ). Hyacinth, Pearls-of-Spain, Blue-bell*. (b) M. comosum Mill. A cultivated variety is called Feather HyaEurope. cinth, Purple-tassels, Purse-tassels, Tuzzimuzzy. C. & R. Museniopsis. Umbelliferae. Greek, "resembling Musenium". Herbs. One species in Texas.
1369.
MDSENI6pSIS,
From
1370.
MUSiSEON,
nium, Nutt.
Three 1371.
About
M.
1840;
Syn.
.
Seseli, in
species, northeastern
U.
part.
Umbelliferae.
Adorium
Raf. 1825, MuseResiniferous perennials.
S.
MUTISIA, L. f. Named for Jose Celestino
1808.
a.
Musineon.
Raf. 1820.
Greek name of "Fennel"
Mutisia. Compositae. Mutis, South American botanist, d. Erect or climbing shrubs, many highly ornamental. 36 species. South America.
riciaefolia Cavan. cardiac, tonic.
Chili.
Flowers anti-spasmodic, sedative,
i
SCIENTIFIC
AND POPULAR.
255
MYGINDA,
Jacq. 1760. Myginda. Celastraceae. Syn. Crossopetalum, P. Br. 1756, Rhacoma, L. 1759. Shrubs. About 8 species, warmer regions, New World: 4 in
1372.
U.
S.
MYOSITIS,
L. Forget-me-not, etc. Boraginaceae. Greek, "mouse-ear". Low herbs with flowers in oneAbout 35 species; 4 in U. S. Syn. Scorpionsided racemes. grass, Mouse-ear.
1373.
From
a.
M. paliistris (L. ) Lam. (M. Europe and Asia, cult, and
scorpioides, var. palustris L. ). nat. in U. S. Forget-me-not,
Mouse-ear, Scorpion-grass, Marsh Scorpion-grass, Snake-grass, Caterpillars,
Love-me.
MYOStJRUS,
1374.
L.
Mouse-tail.
Ranunculaceae.
From Greek, "Mouse-tail", alluding to form of receptacle. Low annual herbs. About 6 species, America and Australia; 5 in U. S. (a) M. miuimiis L. Small Mouse-tail, is called also ,
Blood-strange.
Wax Myrtle, etc. MYRICA, L. Myrtaceae. Ancient Greek name of Tamarisk. Syn. Gale, Adana, Shrubs or small trees. About 35 species; 7 in U. S.
1376.
a.
M. Carolinensis Mill. Canada berry, with other synonyms of formerly used for candles,
b.
c.
to
Florida. Waxberry, BayFruit abounds in wax,
(b).
etc.
Maryland to Florida, west to T-^xas and cerifera L. Arkansas. Wax Myrtle, Bay berry. Tallow Bayberry, Candleberry, Candle-berry Myrtle, Waxberry, Tallow shrub; Ger. Wachsmyrtel, Wachsbaum, Wachsgagel; Fr. Arbre k suif; Sp. Arbol del la cera. Fruit source of American vegetable wax or tallow (^myrtle wax, bayberry tallow), which is said to have astringent and mildly narcotic properties.
iVi,
M, Gale L. (G. Belgioa Dum. ) Europe, Asia and N. America, south to Virginia, Michigan and Washington. Sweet Gale, Burren Myrtle, Bog or Devonshire Myrtle, Dutch or Moor Myrtle, Bay-bush, Fern Galef, Meadow Fern*, Gall-bush, Golden Osier, Golden Withy, Gonle, Goyle, Meadow-bura, Moss Wythan, Sweet Willow, Wild Suraacf; Ger. Gagel, Brabanter Myrte; Fr. Piraent royal, Galeodorant. Leatrs and 6mc/s altera.
tive, tonic, vulnerary.
MYRIOPYLLUM,
L. Water Milfoil. Haloragidaceae. leaved". Aquatic herbs. About 20 species; 11 in U. S. (a) M. spicatuni L. may serve as a type of the genus. Spiked Water-Milfoil, Meakin, Navelwort, Wa-
1376.
From Greek, "myriad
ter
1377.
Navelwort.
MYRISTICA, From Greek,
Aromatic a.
trees.
L.1742. Nutmeg. Myristicaceae. anything". Syn. Palala, Kumph. 1741. About 90 species, tropical Asia and America.
"tit for
W. Bicuhyba Schott. (M. source of Becuiba Tallow.
officinalis
Mart.).]
Brazil.
Seeds
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
256 b.
M, frag'rans Houtt. (P. fragrans (Houtt. ) O. Kze., M. moschata Thunb., M. aromatica Swz., M. officinalis L. fils.). Molucca Islands,
now
cult, in
many
tropical countries.
Nutmeg
tree.
Semen myristicae Nutmegs; Myristica. U. S. P., Br. P. G., Nux moschata, Nuces nucistc^; Ger. Muskatnuss, Moschatenuss, Myristicasamen; Fr. Muscade (Codex), Noix muscade; Sp. Nuez mosedda. AriUoidoifruity Mace; Macis. U. S.P.; Arilliis myristicae, Flores macidis; Ger. Muskatbliithe, Muskatblumen; Fr. Macis (Codex), Fleur de Muscade; Sp. Macias. Aromatic, carminative, narcotic. From nutmegs is obtained the volatile oil of Nutmeg and the expressed oil, Nutmeg butter. Seeds,
Mace c.
d.
also yields volatile
oil.
M, fatiia Houtt. Molucca Islands. or Male Nutmegs of commerce.
M. Otoba Humb. & Bonp. source of Otoba butter.
MYRRHIS,
1378.
Scop. 1772.
The ancient Greek name. matic herbs. a.
The seerfs are the Long, Wild
Northwestern
S.
America.
Seeds
Sweet Chervil. Umbelliferae. Syn. Lindera, Adans. 1763. Aro-
Perhaps only one
species.
See Glycosma,
Sweet Chervil, M. odorata Scop. Europe and Asia Minor. Sweet Angelica, Sweet Bracken, Sweet Cicely (of Europe), Sweet Cess or Cisley, Sweet Fernf, Sweet Humlock, Myrrhf, Spanish Chervil; Ger. Korbelkraut. tive; used also in salads, etc.
Root aromatic, carmina-
Myrsine. Myrsinaceae. MYRSIINE, L. Trees or shrubs. About Ancient Greek name of Myrtle. 80 species, warmer regions of Old and New World; 1 in U. S.
1379.
MYRTUS,
1380.
Myrtle. L. Myrtaceae. About 100 speShrubs. ancient Greek name of (a). mostly of S. America, some of Australia and Asia.
The cies,
a.
Western Asia, nat. in southern Europe. Myrtle, Common Myrtle (Mirtle, Mirtil), Bridal Myrtle, Leaves aromDutch Myrtle, Jew's Mvrtle; Ge.; Fr. Myrte.
M. commiinis L.
(b) M. Arragon Kunth of Mexico there used as a substitute for the European Myrtle. [Sever(c) M. iiiiinal species of Myrtus yield edible fruits, e. g. miilaria Poiret of Ch>li and Falkland Islands, Cranberry Myrtle; (d) M, tomentosa Ait. of India and China, and (e) M, tJgni Mol., the Chilian Guava.] atic, astringent, antiseptic,
is
;J
1381.
NABALUS,
Rattlesnake-root, etc. Clclioriaceae. Syn. Prenanthes, Harpalyce, Perennial herbs with heads consisting of a few ligulin part. About 20 species, America and Asia; 11 in U. S. ate liowers. Cass.
From vernacular Indian name.
a.
albus (L.)Hook. (P. alba L. (Kew), H. album Don). Rattlesnake-root, White to Georgia and Kentucky. Root Lettuce, Cancer- weed, White Canker- weed, Lion's-foot. bitter, tonic, reputed antidote to snake poison.
]S.
Canada
SCIE.NTIFlf b.
N. altisiinns (L.
)
2o7
Hook.
Lettuce, Lion's-foot, of (a). e.
AND TOPULAK.
[P. altissima L. (Kew)]. Rattlesrake-root, Bird-bell.
Tall White Properties
N. serpentariiis (Pursh) Hook. (P. serpentaria Pursh (Kew), N. Fraseri DC. ). Ontario to Florida. Gall-of-the-earth, Rattlesnake-root, Lion's-foot, Snake Gentian, White Lettuce, Canker- weed. Properties of (a).
1382.
NAIAS, L. Water-Nymph. From Greek, ''water-nymph". Submerged '
About 10
species; 5 in
U.
Naiadaceae. aquatic plants.
S.
NAMA,
L. 1753. Nama. Hydrophyllaceae. From Greek, a "stream", alluding to the habitat. Syn. Hydrolea L. 1762. Perennial herbs, some shrubby, with blue flowers. About 15 species, warmer regions, both hemispheres; 4 in U. S.
1383.
IS
AM,
see
METROSIDEROS.
NAPAEA, L. Glade Mallow. Malvaceae. Frona Greek, a ''wooded vale", alluding to the habitat. A perennial herb with small white dioecious flowers. One spe-
1384.
cies,
eastern
LT. S.
NARCISSUS,
1385.
L.
Narcissus. Amaryllidaceae. "narcotic". Syn. Jonquilla, Scapherbs from coated bulbs. About 20 species, mostly Furop-
The ancient Greek name, ose ean. a.
N. Pseiido-Narcissiis
L. (J. bicolor Raf.
dil (Dilly, Daflbdilly, Averil),
Trumpet
).
Europe.
Daffodil,
DaflbBell-flower,
Chalice- flower. Cowslip, Yellow Crowbells, Easter or Yellow Lily, Lide-Lily, Queen Anne's flower; Ger. Gelbe Narcisse, Aftbdil; Fr. Narcisse des pres, Porillon. ^{(/6 and/ower emetic, antispasmodic.
Common
in cultivation are also (b) N. Jonquilla L., southJonquil, Yellow Jack; (c) N. Biilbocoduim L., Mediterranean region, Hoop-petticoat Daffodil; (d) N. iucoinpai'abilis Mill. (N. aurantius Schult. ), Europe, sometimes called in England Butter- and- eggs or Eggs-and-bacon (e)
ern Europe,
;
N. poeticiis L. (J. poetarumHaw. ), Europe, Poet's Narcissus, Asphodel, AVhite-dillies, Laus-tibi, Sweet-Nancy, WhiteNancy; (f) N. TazettaL. (N. polyanthos Loisel., J. Tazetta Raf.), Europe, Polyanthus Narcissus. Var. orlentalis (N. orientalis L. ) is the Chinese Sacred Lily or New-year's Lily.
NARDOSTACHYS,
1386.
The
DC.
ancient Greek name. grant herb. One species. a.
Spikenard. Valerianaceae. Syn. Valeriana, in part. fra-
A
DC. (V. Jatamansi Roxb. includes ) N. grandiflora DC). Himalaya mountains. Spikenard (of the ancients). East Indian or True Spikenard, Nard, Jatamansi.
N. Jatamansi (Roxb.
Boot, dic.
Nardus
;
indica, Spica nardi; aromatic, bitter, antispasmo-
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
258
1387.
NAREGAMIA, W. & Shrub.
Miq.
).
Arn.
Goanese Ipecac.
Meliaceae.
One species; (a) X. alata W. & A. (X. dentata West Indies. Goanese Ipecacuanha. Boot and stalk
emetic, nauseant, expectorant.
1388.
NAUMBEROIA, Moench. Tufted Loosestrife. Primiilaceae. Syn. Lysimachia, in part.
in
axiUary spikes.
One
Marsh herb with yellow
flowers
species, circumpolar; northern U.
S.
NAYARRETIA,
E. &Pav. (Navarettia).Polemoniaceae. Spanish physician. Syn. Gilia, in part. Annual herbs with small flowers in dense clusters. About 24 species, all of western U. S. (a) N. squarrosa (Esch. ) Hook. & Am., is called Skunk-weed in California.
1389.
Named
1390.
for Dr. Navarrete,
NECTANDRA,
Roland. Bebeeru, etc. Laiiraceae. Greek, ''nectar stamen". Syn. Ocotea, in part. About 70 species, warmer regions of New World.
From Trees. a.
N, Puchury-major Nees (O. Puchury major Mart. ) and (b") IS, Brazil. Fuchury-minor Nees (O. Puchury-minor Mart.). Brazilian Sassafras. Seeds {Cotyledons), Pi chury beans. Sassafras nuts, Brazilian beans, Pichurim, Puchurim; Semen v. Fabae V. Cotylse pichurim; Ger. Pichurimbohne, Sassafrasniisse; Fr. Feve pichurim, Noix de sassafras; aromatic, stimulant. Bar!: aromatic, astringent, febrifuge.
c.
British Gniana. N. Rodioei Hook. (N. Rodiei Schomb. ). Greenheart tree, Bebeeru tree. Bark, Bebeeru or Bibiru bark; Cortex nectandrw, Cort. beberu v. bibiru; Ger. Bibinirinde; Fr. iScorce de bebeeru; antiperiodic, tonic; source of alkaloid Starchy seeds, although bitter, used for food. Timbebeerine. ber used in ship-building.
d.
N. Sp. indet.
Coto bark and Para- coto bark are derived from have been referred doubtfully to Both are aromatic and astringent, used in bowel this genus. troubles. See Drymis. trees, natives of Bolivia, that
1 391.
KELUMBO, Adans.Lotus Lily, Water-beau.Ny mphaeaceae* Syn. Nelumbium, Willd; Nymvernacular, Ceylon. Aquatic plants with large peltate leaves and Two species, one of Old World, the fragrant flowers.
From
iphsea, in part.
showy
other American (U. a.
S.
).
N. liitea (Willd.) Pers. (Nelumbium luteum Willd.). New England to Michigan; south to Florida and Indian Territory. American Lotus Lily, Great Water-lily, Water Lotus, Great Yellow Lily, American Nelumbo, Water Chinkapin, WanSeeds, Duck Acorn, Water-nut, Battle-nut, kapin, Yoncopin. esculent.
b.
Nelumbo L., Nym. nucifera ) Karst. (Nym. Egypt to Japan, E. Gaertn., Nelumbium speciosum Willd. ). Sacred Lotus, Indies and Australia, adv. in southern U. S. Indian or Egyptian Lotus, Egyptian Bean, Sacred Bean, Pythagorean Bean, Jamaica Water-lily. Rhizome and seeds esculent, the former, source of Chinese arrowroot.
N. Nelumbo (L.
SCIENTIFIC
AND POPULAR.
259
NEMACAULIS,
1392.
From
Xutt. Nemacaulis. Polygonaceae. Greek, "thread stem". Annual herb. One species,
California.
NEMACLADUS,
1393.
Nutt. Nemacladus. Lobeliaceae. "thread branch". Annual herbs. Three known species, California to N. Mexico.
From Greek,
NEMASTYLIS,
1394.
Xutt. Nemastylis. Iridaceae. "thread style". 8yn. Eustylis, Engelm. & Gr.; Ilia, in part. Bulbous herbs with nearly regular perianth. About 10 species. New World; 4 in U. S.
From Greek,
NEMOPHILA,
1395.
Nutt.
Nemophila.
From
Hydrophyllaceae.
Greek, "grove loving" Syn. Elllsia, in part. Fragile annuals. About 12 species, all of U. S., mostly in California, (a) N. iiisignis Dougl. is called Baby-eyes; (b) N. aurita Lindl. is called Love-grove. .
NEM6SERIS,
1396.
Greene. Nemoseris. Cichoriaceae. Greek, "thread Endive". Syn. Rafinesquia, Nutt. Stout annuals with white flowers. Two known species, California to New Mexico.
From
NE0WASHIN0T6NIA,
1397.
Sudw.
Sabalaceae.
From
Greek, "new Wa8hino:tonia". Svn. Washingtonia, Wendl. 1879, not Raf. 1818, Pritchardia, Drude 1889. Large fan-palms. Two species, southern California and southward. (a) N. ftlamentosa (Wendl.) Sudw., Washington Palm, is our largest native Palm. Seeds used for food by aborigines.
NEPENTHES, L. Pitcher-plant. Nepenthaceae. Greek name of a narcotic drug, "sorrow removing". Syn. Phyllamphora, Lour. Climbers, the leaves having pitcher-l'ike appendages. About 40 species, tropical regions of Old World.
1398.
NEPETA,
1399.
L. Catnep. ancient Latin name of Catnep. Herbs. Europe and Asia; 1 nat. in U. S.
The cies,
a.
Labiatae.
About 130 spe-
Europe and Asia, nat. in U. S. Catnep (CatN, Catdria L. nip), Catmint, Catrup, Cat's- wort. Field Mint; Ger. Katzenminze, Katzenkraut; Fr. Cataire, Chataire, Herbe aux chats, Menthe des chats. Herb antispasmodic, carminative, emmenagogue.
NEPHELILM, L. 1767. Litchi, etc. Sapindaceae. Ancient Latin plant name, from the Greek. Syn. Dipherocarpus, Llanos 1759, Litchi. Small trees producing edible fruits. About 20 species, southern Asia, East Indies and Fiji
1400.
Islands. a.
N. lappaceiim L. tan.
b.
India. Rambutan (i. Fruit esculent, highly esteemed.
e.
"hairy"
),
Rampos-
N. Litchi Cambess. (N. LichiSteud. L. Chinensis Sonner. ). South China, Cochin China and Philippine Islands. Litchi, Litschi, Leechee, Li'tchi, La'tji. A favorite fruit in China. ,
.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
260 c.
N. Loiigan Fruit,
Cambess.
called
India to southern China.
by the Chinese
lung-yen,
e.
i.
Longan,
dragon's-eye,
es-
culent.
1401.
NEPHI16lEPIS, Schott. From Greek, "kidney scale" from form ,
About 12
loniferous ferns.
1402.
Polypodiaceae. of indusiura.
NEPTUNIA, Lour. Named from the aquatic
under shrubs.
About
:^eptunia. Mimosaceae. habitat of one species. Herbs or 12 species, tropical regions; 4 in U. S.
KERIUM,
Oleander. L. Syn. Oleander. ancient Greek name. or three species, Asia.
1403.
Apocynaceae.
The
a.
Sto-
species; 2 in southern U. S.
Shrubs.
Two
N. Oleander L. (O. vulgaris Medic.)- Mediterranean region and cult, as an ornamental shrub in sub-tropical regions. Oleander, Rose Laurel, Rose Bay, South Sea Rose, probably the "Willow" of Scripture; Ger. Rosenlorbeer; Fr. Laurier Plant has poisonous properties. rose, Laurose; Sp. Adelfo. The Sweet Oleander of India is (b) N. odorum Ait. (N. odoratum Lam., O. Indica Medic. ).
NESAEA, Comm.
(Nessea.) Nesaea. Lythraceae. Herbs or shrubs. About 25 of a sea nymph. species, mostly of Africa; 1 in U. S.
1404.
From name
1405.
NESLIA, Desv. Named for J. A. N.
Ball Mustard. de Nesle, French botanist.
with small globose silicles. Asia, adv. in U. S.
One
NESODRABA,
Greene. Greek, "island Draba" Three species in western U. S.
1406.
From
1407.
NESTR^NIA,
.
species,
Cruciferae. Hispid herb
Europe and eastern
Nesodraba. Cruciferae. Syn. Draba, in part. Herbs.
Raf. 1836.
Nestronia.
Santalaceae.
From the Greek name of Daphne. Syn. Darbya, A. Gray 1846. Low dioecious shrub. One species, southeastern U. S. 1408.
NEYIUSIA,
A. Gray (Neviusa).
Shrub with large white U. S. 1409.
flowers.
Neviusia.
One
species,
Rosaceae. southeastern
Compositae. NICOLLETIA, A. Gray. (Nicollettia). Named for J. N. Nicollet, astronomer and explorer. Peren-
nial herbs with large heads of purple or flesh-colored flowers.
Two
species, southwestern U. S.
NICOTIANA, Named for Jean
Tobacco. L. Solanaceae. Nicot, French ambassador to Portugal about About 50 Narcotic herbs, some shrubby, one a tree. 1560. species, mostly American; 11 in U. S.
1410.
a.
Canada and eastern U. S.. cult, in Turkey, N. riistica L. Wild Tobacco, Indian Tobacco, Real India and elsewhere. Tobacco, Syrian Tobacco, Wit. Furnishes most of the tobacco Projverties of ( b ) of Turkey, the Philippine J slands and India.
SCIENTIFIC b.
AND POPULAR.
261
Tropical America, now widely cultivaied. N. Tabaeum L. Tobacco, Virginia Tobacco, Dninkwort. The dried leaves, Leaf Tobacco; TalDacum. U. S. P., Tabaci folia Br., FoJia Nicotiana P. G. Ger. Tabak; Fr. Nicotiane, Tabac (Codex), sedative, nauseant, sternutatory. The Shiraz tobacco of Pereia is derived from (c) N. Peisica Lind. Some of the Havana tobacco is obtained from (d) N. repanda Willd. In the northwest (e) N. multivalvis Lind. is used, in Missouri (f) N. quadrivalvis Pursh. ;
1411.
Fennel-flower. J^ICtELLA, L. Kaiiiinciilaceae. Annuals with dissected leaves. About 25 species, Mediterranean region and western Asia.
Damascena L. Levant to southern Europe. Fennel-flower, Bishop's- wort, Devil-in-a-bush, Love-in-a-mist, Love-in-a-puzzle, Eagged-lady. Seecd^ used like those of (b).
a,
N.
b.
Mediterranean region. Black Cumin, Black N. sativa L. Caraway, Fitch (of Scripture), Roman Coriander, Nutmegflower, Fennel-flower, Gith, Git; Ger. Schwartzkiimmel; Fr. Quatre epices. Seeds, semen nigelli v. melanthii v. c umini nigri, pungent, aromatic, carminative, used like Caraway seed.
1412. of
1413.
NISS6lIA, Jacq. Trees or shrubby climbers.
New
World; 2 in U.
Nissolia. Papilionaceae. species; warmer regions
About 8
S.
IS'ITROPHILA, Wats.
From Greek, herb.
One
Nitrophila. "alkali loving". Low,
species,
Cheiiopodiaceae.
somewhat
succulent,
western U. S.
NOLINA, Michx. Nolina. Liliaceae. Herbs with small flowers in terminal panicles. About 15 species, Mexico and adjacent region; 9 in U. S.
1414.
1415.
NOPALEA,
Salm-Dyck.
Syn. Cactus, Opuntia, in part. About 3 species, tropical America. a.
Nopalea. Cactaceae. Succulent thorny plants.
N. cochenilllfer (L. ) Lyons (C. cochenillifer L., O. coccinellifera Mill., N. coccinellifera (Mill.) Salm-Dyck.). Mexico and West Indies. Cochineal Cactus. See Opuntia.
1416.
NOTHOCALAIS,
Greene. False Calais. Cichoriaceae. "spurious Calais". Syn. Troximon, in part. Scapose herbs with solitary large flower heads (yellow). Three known species, central and western U. S. Called also False Dandelion.
From Greek,
NOTHOLAENA, E. Br. Notholaena. Polypodiaeeae. (Written also Nothochlaena). Small rock-ferns. About 40 species; 14 in U. S.
1417.
1418.
IV0TH0SC6rDUM, Kunth.
Nothoscordum. Liliaceae. Greek, "false garlic". Scapose herbs resembling Allium, but without the odor. About 10 species, mostly of tropical America; 1 in U. S.
From
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
262
1419.
NYCTAGrlNEA,
Choisy,. Xyctaginea. Nyctaginaceae. resemblance to Nyctago of Jussiea. now called Mirabilis. Prostrate hairy annual with rose-colored flowers. One species, Texas.
Named from
1420.
&
NYMPHAEA,L.1753. Yellow Pond Lily. Nympbaeaceae. From Greek, "nymph" plant. Syn. Nuphar (Kew), Sibth. Sm. 1806, Nyphar, Xymphozanthus.
Aquatic plants with
About
cordate floating leaves and yellow flowers. north temperate zone; 6 in U. S. a.
N. adveiia Soland. lutea Walt. not. L. ,
).
(Nuphar adrena K. Canada to Florida,
Br.
8 species,
(Kew), Nuphar
Avest to
Rocky Moun-
Yellow Pond Lily, Common or Large Yellow Pond Lily, Spatter-dock, Beaver Lily, Beaver-root, Cow Lily, Dog Lily, Frog Lily, Horse Lily, Bull-head Lily, Bonnets, Kelp*. Rhizome astringent, emollient; abounds in starch. tains.
b.
c.
N. liitea L. ( Nuphar luteum Sibth. & Sm. (Kew), XymphozanEurope. European Yellow Pond Lily, thus vulgaris Bich. ). Cambric-leaf, Can Dock, Clote-leaf, Flatter Dock, Water-blob, Water-car, Water Coltsfoot, Nenuphar, Brandy-bottles (the fruit), also most of the synonyms of (a); Fr. Nenuphar jaune i2/iizome astringent, demulcent. ^ Codex). N. polysepala ( Engelm. ) Greene [Nuphar polysepalum Engelm* (Kew)]. Northwestern V. S. Western Yellow Pond Lily> Giant or Larger Yellow Pond Lily, Wankapin*. Seeds esculent. (d) N. rubrodisca (Morong) Greene of northeastern U. S., Red-disked Pond Lily is called Can Dock; (e) N. sa^ittaefolia Walt., southeastern IT. S., Arrow-leaved Pond-lily, is called also Alligator-bonnets.
1421.
NYSSA,
Tupelo, Ogeechee Lime,
L.
etc.
Cornaceae.
Trees or of a water nymph, nurse of Bacchus. About 7 species, eastern N. America and eastern and
The name
shrubs. central Asia; 4 in U. S. a.
b.
c.
Virginia to FloN. aquatica L. [N. uniflora Wang. (Kew)]. Large Tupelo, Swamp Tupelo, Cotton rida, west to Missouri. Gum-tree, Tupelo, Black or Sour Gum.
N. Ogeche Marsh. (N. capitata Walt., N. Oye-chee Steud. Gulf states. Ogeechee Lime, Gopher Plum.
).
N. sylvatica Marsh. [N. multi flora Wang. (Kew)]. Ontario to Pepperidge, Sour Gum, Florida, west to Texas and Michigan. Tupelo, Swamp Hornbeam, Black Gum, Yellow Gum, Beetlebung, Hombine, Hornpine, Hornpipe. Fruit acid.
OBOLARIA,
Pennywort. (irentianaceae. a coin, the leaves being round. One species, southern U. S. perennial herb with scanty foliage.
1422.
From Greek,
1423.
6CIMUM, The
classical
L.
A
obolus,
L.
(Ocymum).
name.
HerlDs.
regions especially in Africa
Labiatae.
Basil.
About 35
and Brazil
;
1
specie^,
in U. S.
warmer
SCIENTIFIC a.
AND POPULAE.
263
0. BasilicumL. ( including O. majnsHort. ,(). medium Mill, and Asia and Africa, cult, in gardens. O. minimum L. ). Sweet Basil [Basil, from the Greek, means royal], Basil, Common Basil; Ger. Basilienkraut; Fr. Basilic (Codex); Sp. Albal>aca. Herb has ordinary properties of mints; used as a pot herb, for seasoning^, etc. Several other species have similar properties, e. g. (b) 0. sanctum L., southern Asia and Australia, (c) 0. viride Willd. of tropical Africa, perhaps a variety of the following, in Sierra Leone called Fever-plant, and (d) 0. gratissiimim L., Southern Asia. :
1424.
OCOTEA,
Aublet.
Ocotea. Laiiraceae. Syn. Oreodaphne, Nees; Lauras,
-
From vernacular, Guiana.
Xectandra, Persea, in part. Aromatic trees or shrubs. About 200 species, mostly of tropical America, some African; 1 in Florida. See Nectandra. a.
0. Guiauensis, Aublet. (O. opifera Mart., Oreodaphne opifera Xees). Brazil. Canella de cheiro. Bark employed in treating abscesses. Fruit yields a fragrant volatile oil.
1425.
ODONTITES, Gmel. Ked From
Bartsia, etc. Scrophulariaceae.
Greek, "toothache" remedy.
Annual herbs.
sia, in part.
About 20
Syn.
Euphrasia; BartMediterranean
species,
region; 1 nat. in U. S. a.
) Wettst. (E. Odontites L., B. Odontites Huds. ). Asia, adv. in U. S. Red Bartsia, Red Eye-biight.
0. Odontites (L.
Europe and 1426.
0D0NT6sT0MUM,Tor. Odontostomum.Haemodoraceae. From
Greek,
"tooth mouth".
flowers in panicled racemes.
One
Bulbous herb with white species, Pacific coast
(U. S.).
OENANTHE, L. Water Hemlock, etc. Umbelliferae. Ancient Greek plant name, "wine flower". Syn. Phellandrium, in part. Herbs, mostly of marshes. About 40 species, widely distributed; 2 in U. S.
1427.
a.
Europe. Hemlock Water-dropwort, BelderDead-tongue, Five-fingered root, Meadow Saffron*, Hemlock Drop wort. Hemlock Water-drop, Water Hemlock, Water Lovage. Plant an active poison. The European (b) Oe. flstulosa L., Common Water Hemlock; Ger. Rebendoldenkraut, is less poisonous.
Oe. crocdta L. root,
c.
Ben dock,
Biller,
Oe. Phellandriiim Lam. (P. aquaticum (L. ). Europe and northern Asia. Fine-leaved Water Hemlock, Death-in, Edgeweed, Horsebane, Phellandrium, Water Dropwort, Water Fennel; Ger. Wasserfenchel, Rossfenchel, Pferdfenchel: Fr. Phellandrie aquatique (Codex), Fenouil d'eau. Fruit, Fructus Phellandrii, P. G., Sem. foeniculi aquatici; diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant.
1428.
OENOTHERA,
L.
From Greek, "wine
Evening Primrose.
Onagraceae.
scent" (?), the root said to have a vinous odor. Herbs Avith yellow nocturnal flowers. About 20 species, Isew World; 5 in U. S. See Anogra, Galpinsia, Gaurella, Hartmannia, Kneiflia, Lavauxia, Megapterum, Meriolix, Onagra, Pachylophus, all formerly referred to this genus.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
264 142J).
Bluets. Rubiaceae. OLDENLAjNDIA, L. Named for H. B. Oldenland, Danish botanist. Syn. Hed-
About in part. Small herbs. regions, especially of Asia; 4 in U. S.
175 species,
yotes,
a.
Shaya, Chaya, India. 0. umbellata L, (H. umbellataLam.). Indian Madder plant. Lecwes expectorant. Boot, vShaya root, Chay or Choy root, Indian Madder; yields a valuable red dye.
1430.
OLE A,
L.
-
-
Olive.
-
The classical name, whence our word 'oil" About 36 species, C)ld World and Oceanica. '
a.
warmer
.
Oleaceae. Trees or shrubs.
0. Europaea L. (O. Oleaster HofFm., O. communis Steud., O. Southwestern Asia, officinarum Cranz., O. lancifolia Moench) now widely cultivated in sub-tropical countries. Olive. The wild tree is called Oleaster; numerous varieties are distinguishLeaves and ed, the names being Spanish, Italian or French. Fruit esculent, source of Olive oil (sweet oil); bark febrifuge. Oleum Olivae, U. S. P.
OLEARIA, Moench
1802. Daisy tree, etc. Compositae. Shrubs, some trees or herbs. Eurybia, Cass. 1820. About 85 species, Australia and New Zealand.
1431.
Syn.
a.
(E. argophylla Cass.). Tasmania. F. Muell. (b. ) 0. Silver-leaved Musk tree. Foliage has a musky odor. stellulata DC. (E. lirata DC. ), Tasmania, is called Daisy tree.
0. argophjila
OLIGOMERIS,
Oligomeris. Cambess. Resedaceae. About 5 Greek, "few parts". Herbs or sub-shrubs. species, mostly of S. Africa; 1 in U. S.
1432.
From
1433.
OLNEYA, Gray. Named for Stephen
Tesota, etc. T. Olney, botanist of
Papilionaeeae.
Rhode
Island.
small tree, one species, 0. Tesota Gray, southwestern U. called Iron wood (Arbol de hierro)and Tesota.
A S.,
OMPHALEA,
Ouabe, etc. L. Euphorbiaceae. Greek, "navel" plant, alluding to form of anthers. Climbing shrubs or small trees. About 12 species, tropical America, one in Madagascar.
1434.
From
a.
0. didndra L. Fr. Noisettier.
b.
West
Indies.
Ouabe, West Indian Cob-nut;
Seeds edible, source of
Ouabe
0. oleifera Hemsley. Central America. bor oil which is purgative like Castor oil.
1435. *
oil.
Seeds source of
Tam-
0MPHAL{)DES, Moench. Venus' Navel wort .Boraginaeeae. From
Greek, "navel like", alluding to shape of seeds. Syn. Herbs. About 20 species, northern hemisphere;
Omphalium. 2 in U.
S.
6NAGRA,
Evening Primrose. Onagraeeae. Adans. Greek, "wild ass". Syn. Oenothera (Kew), in part. Herbs with yellow nocturnal flowers. About 12 species, chiefly North America; 8 in U. S.
1436.
From
SCIENTIFIC a.
AND POPULAR.
265
0. biennis (L.) Scop. (Oe. biennis L.). Labrador to Florida, west to Kocky Mountains. Common Evening Primrose, Wild or Field Evening Primrose, Night Willow-herb, Fever-plant, Four-o'clock*, King's Cure-all, Tree Primrose, Large Eampion, Scabish*, Scurvish; Ger. Nachtkerze; Fr. Onagre. Plant mucilaginous, alterative. Var. graiuliflora Lindl. is the Com* mon Evening Primrose of gardens.
1437.
0N6bRYCHIS, Herbs or shrubs.
Gaertn.
About 70
Sanfoin. species,
Papilionaceae.
Europe and southern
Asia. a.
0. viciaefolia Scop. (O. sativa Lara. ). Europe to Central Asia. Sanfoin, Cinquefoil, Cockscomb*, Cock's-head plant. Everlasting-grass, Hen"s-bill, Lucerne*, Medick Fitch; Fr. Esparcette.
A
valuable fodder plant.
Sensitive Fern, etc. ONOCLEA, L. Polypodiaceae, Ancient Greek plant-name, ''close vessel". Syn. Struthiopteris, in part. Ferns with segments of the fertile fronds enclosing the sori. Three species, 2 in U. S. (a) 0. sensibilis L. is called Sensitive Fern ( b ) 0. Struthiopteris ( L. ) Swz.
14S8.
;
(Osmunda Struthropteris
L., S.
Germanica
VVilld.)
is
called
Ostrich Fern.
Rest-harrow. 1439. ONONISj L. (Anonis). Papilionaceae, Ancient Greek plant-name, "ass" weed. Herbs. About 60 species, Europe and Mediterranean region. a.
Rest-harrow, Bomariskie, Camarvensis L. Europe. mock Whin, Cat Whin, Lady Whin (Scotland), Land Whin, Ground Furze, Hen Gorse, Horse's -breath, Lewte, Wild Lico-
0.
rice*, Sit-fast, Steadfast, b.
Rashburn, Ramsey, Rassels, Stainch.
0. spinosa L. Europe. Rest-harrow, Stay-plow, Cammock*, Petty Whin; Ger, Hauhechel, Ochsenbrechkraut; Fr. Bugrane, Bougrane. Root, Radix Ononidis, P. G., Rad. restis bovis; diuretic, lithontriptic, alterative.
1440.
0X0p6rD0N,
L. Cotton Thisile. Compositae. ancient Greek name, "asses' flatus". Thistle-like plants with decurrent leaves. About 12 species, Old World.
The
a.
0. acanthium L. Europe and Asia, cult, in IT. S. Cotton Thistle, Argentine Thistle; Crab-, Down-, Musk-, Oat- or Queen Mary's Thistle, known in England as Scotch Thistle, see 381 (b);"Ger. Eseldistel, Krebsdistel.
1441.
ONOSMA,
L.
Onosma.
Boraginaceae.
From
Greek, "ass smell". Syn. Maharanga DC. Bristly or hoary herbs. Adout 70 species. Mediterranean region to India. The roots of (a) 0. echioides L., Europe (Ger. Lotwurz) and of (b) 0. Emodi Wall (M. Emodi DC), India, yield a red dye.
ONOSMODIUM,
Michx. False Gromwell. Boraginaceae. Syn. Lithospermum, in part. Hispid or hirsute herbs. About C species, N. America; 5 in U. S.
1442.
From Greek, "resembling Onosma".
)
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
266 a.
Virpniannm (L. ) DC. (L. Virginianum L. ) Eastern U. S, False Gromwell, Virginia False Groruwell, Wild Job's-tears, Root and seeds reNecklace- weed, Pearl-plant, Gravel- weed.
0.
puted diuretic, lithontriptic.
1443.
0(p6PSIS, Greene. From Greek, ^^e^g like",
Oonopsis. Coiiipositae. alluding to the involucre. Syn. Aplopappiis, Bigelovia, in part. Perennial herbs with small flower heads. Four known species, central IT. S.
1444.
OPERCULINA,
S.
Manso. Turpeth
root.
Convolvulaceae.
Convolvulus, Ipomcea, in part. Herbaceous vines. About 10 species, tropical Asia and East Indies. Syn.
a.
Turpethum
(L.) Peter (I. Turpethum K. Br. (Kew), C. India and East Indian islands. ). Root, Turpeth-root, Vegetable Turpeth (Turbith), Indian Jalap; Fr. Turbith vegetal (Codex); purgative.
0.
Turpethum, L.
1445.
0PHI0GL(3SSUM,
L. Adder's-tongue. Ophio^-lossaceae. Greek, ^'serpent's tongue", alluding to the fructification. Somewhat fleshy plants with a single sterile frond, the sporangia in a spike. About 12 species; 8 in U. S. (Other names are Adder's- spear. Adder's Fern, Adder' s-grass, Edder's-tongue, Serpent' s-tongue, Snake' s-tongue.
From
1446.
OPHIORHIZA,
L. (Ophiorrhiza). Rubiaceae. Greek, ''snake- root". Syn. Mungos, Adans. Perennial herbs or shrubs. About 50 species, tropical Asia, Australia and Fiji Islands. (a) 0. miiiigos L. East Indies. Mungo, Indian Snakeroot, Earth-gall. Root bitter, reputed
From
antidote to snake-poison.
1447.
Op6pANAX,
Koch.
Opopanax.
Umbelliferae.
Greek name
Syn. of the exudate, "all-healing juice". Ferula, Pastinaca, in part. Perennial herbs. About three species, Europe and Asia. a.
Opopanax (L.) Lyons (P. Opopanax L., O. Chironium Koch, not Guss., F. Opopanax L,, not Spreng.). Southern Europe. Gum-resino-us exudate, Opopanax, Hercules' All-heal; Fr. Opopanax (Codex); Sp. Opoponaso; resembles Ammoniac, See Dorema.
0.
OPULASTER,
Medic. 1799. Nine-bark, etc. Rosaceae. "star Opulus", the fruit being star-shaped. Syn. Phys ocarpa, Paf. 1836, also Spirsea and Neillia, in part. Shrubs with palmately lobed leaves and white flowers in corymbs. About 5 species, 1 of Mantchuria; 4 in U. S.
.1448.
From
Greek,
OPl^NTIA, Mill. Opuntia, Prickly Pear, etc, Cactaceae. Ancient Greek name, from that of a town. Syn. Cactus, in part. Succulent thorny plants with jointed branching stems. About 150 species. New World; 52 in IT. S.
1449.
a.
0. Opuntia (L. ) Coult. (C. Opuntia L., O. vulgaris Mill.). Massachusetts to Florida and Mexico. Eastern Prickly Fear, Prickly-pear Cactus, Indian Fig*, Barbary Fig, Devil' s-tongue,
Hedgehog
Thistle.
Fleshy stems
discutient.
Fruit edible.
AND POPULAR.
SCIENTIFIC b.
267
0. Tiina (L.) Mill. (C. TunaL. ). West Indies and tropical (It is the fruit of this species more America. Prickly Pear. particularly that is known as Prickly Pear or Indian Fig; Ger. Fruit Indische Feige, Spanierfeige; Fr. Figue de Barbaric). This species is more particularly esculent, yields a red dye. the food plant of the cochineal insect, which also thrives, however, on Nopalea cochenillifer (q. v.) as also on (c) O. FicusIndica Mill, of Central America; (d) 0. Hemaiidezii DC. of
Mexico and
less
commonly on
(a).
Orchis. Orchidaceae. ORCHIS, L. Terrestrial orchids, some highly Ancient Greek name. About 80 species, north temperate zone; 2 in U. S. ornamental.
1450.
a.
0. latifolia L,
Europe,
Marsh Orchis.
Radix palmae-Christi. d.
The
branching tubers
and of
(c) N. sambuformerly known as See Habenaria and Cunopsea.
of this species, of (b) 0. maculata L. ciua L., constitute the variety of salep
Europe. Male Orchis, Adam-and- Eve, Bloodybutcher, Dead-men' s-tingers (Shakespere), Crake-feet, Cuckoo Orchis, Drake' s-feet, Gandergoose, Gethsemane, Red-granfergregors, Gramfer-greygles, Greycles, Kettle-case, Man-Orchis, Long-purples, Red-butcher, Skeatlegs, Soldier' s-jacket, Spreespinkle, Standerwort. Tubers constitute the official Salep, Tubera Salep P. G. Radix salep; Fr. Salep (Codex); demulSalep (simple tubers) is obtained also from (e) cent, nutrient. 0. Mono L., and (f) 0, iistulata L. See also Anacamptis, Eulophia and Platanthera.
0. iiiasculaL.
,
g.
0.
Canada to Georgia, west to Nebraska. spectabiliS L. Orchis; Gay, Purple or Spring Orchis, Preacher-in-the-
Showy
pulpit.
OREASTRUM,
Greene. Mountain Aster. Compositae. Greek, "Mountain Aster". Syn. Aster, in part. in Herbs resembling Aster. Three species U. S.
1461.
From
1452.
0RE0BR6mA,
Howell. Oreobroma. Portulacaceae. food". Syn. Calandrina, Lewisia, Herbs. Ten species in western U. S.
From Greek, "mountain Talinum, in part.
1453.
OREOCARYA, Greene. White Forget-me-not. Boraginacpae.
From Greek, "mountain Hairy
herbs. southern, extending into in part.
1454.
Syn. Eritrichium, Krynitzkia, species, all of \J. S., mostly
OREODAX, Willd. (Oreodoxa)RoyalPalm,etc.Sabalaceae. From
in part. tropical a.
nut".
About 16 Mexico
Greek, "mountain glory" Syn. Areca, Oenocarpus, Tall palms with smooth trunk. About 6 species, ,
America;
0. oleracea (Jacq.
Cabbage Palm,
1 in Florida, )
Mart. (A. oleracea Jacq.). West Indies. (cabbage) esculent. Pithy wood yields
^ud
Sago. b.
0. r^gia H. B. K. (Oe. regius Spreng. ). Tropical America to Florida. Royal Palm. The foregoing are among the most stately and ornamental of all palms.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
268
OREOXIS,
1455.
Raf.
Oreoxis.
Syn. Cvmopterus, in part.
U.
Herb.
Umbelliferae.
A single
species, western
S.
ORIGANUM,
L. Marjoram, etc. Labiatae. ''mountain joy". Syn. Majorana, in part; Perennial herbs, some shrubby. About 30 species, Old World. 1 adv. in U. S.
1456.
From Greek,
a.
0. Creticum Sieber (?). Southern Europe. Spanish Hop: Ger. Spanischer Hopfen, Kretischer Dosten, Kandischer Mairan. Htrh of this and some allied species yields Cretan oil of Origanum or Spanish Hop oil, used to relieve tooth-ache.
b.
0. Dictamims L. Levant. Diptam, Diptamdosten Fr. ;
Dittany of Crete; Ger. Kretischer Crfete (Codex).
Dictame de
«.
0. Majorana L. (M. hortensis Moench). Southern Europe and western Asia, widely cult. Sweet Marjoram, Knotted Marjoram; Ger. Meiran, Mayran, Majoran, Wurstkraut; Fr. Marjolaine (Codex); Sp. Almoraduz, Mejorana. Herh, Herba majoranse, H. amaraci, H. sampsuchi; stomachic, carminative, used as a condiment.
calla L.) and (b^ P. iniicroiiata L. of central and southern Africa, are the reputed although improbable source of the exudate, Sarcocolla, Sarcocol, Anzeroot (Arabia), Gujara (Hindustan) ixer. Fleischleinigummi, Fischleimgumnii; Fr. ;
Sarcocolle; reputed detergent, discutient, depilatory.
PESXISETUM,
1531.
From
About 40
in part. a.
}
Egyptian
Pei-s.
species,
Millet.
Gramineae.
Syn. Panicum, Penicillaria,
Latin, "feather bristle".
warmer
regions.
(Pan. co?ruleum Mill., Penic. spicata Willd. ). Egypt to India, cult, in southern U. S. Egyptian or East Indian Millet, Cat-tailor Pearl Millet, Bajree (India), Egyptian Wheat. One of the principal cereals of India. In China (b) P, eereale Trin. is cultivated likewise.
P. thyphoideuin Rich.
PENTACAENA,
16S2.
Bartling. Pentac«ena. Caryopliyllaceae. Greek, "Five thorns". Tufted perennials with punAbout 4 species, New World; 1 in southgent subulate leaves. western U. S.
From
PEXTACHAETA,
1533.
From Greek,
"F'ive
Nutt.
awned".
species, southwestern
U.
PENTHORUM,
L.
Pentachaeta. Compositae. venial annuals. About 6
Low
S.
Ditch Stonecrop. Crassulaeeae. Greek, "tive" and "rule", thepartsof the tlower being Perennial herbs with flowei-s in secund cymes. all in fives. Three known species, Asia and N. America; 1 in U. S.
1534.
From
a,
L. Canada crop, Ditch Stonecrop.
P. sedoides
PENTODOX,
1535.
From
Greek,
1636.
U.
S. to
Virginia Stone-
Pentodon. Rnbiaeeae. Syn. Oldenlandia, in part. species, one in Africa, one in southeast-
Hochst.
Two
Cuba.
PENTSTEMON, From Greek,
S.,
Soland. Beard-tongue. Scrophnlariaceae,
"five stamens", the flowere having a fifth rudi-
mentary stamen. herbs with showy 107 in U.
S.
"five toothed".
Tender annuals.
em
and eastern U. Herb astringent.
Peretmial Syn. Penstemon, Pentastemon. About 110 species, North America; mostly southweateni. flowers.
Ruiz. & Pav. Peperomia. Piperaceae. Greek, "pepper like". Fleshy herbs, some shrubby. About 400 species, warmer regions especiallv of New World; 2 in U. S.
1537.
PEPER6mIA,
From
PERAMIUM,
Salisb. 1812. Goodyera. Orchidaceae. Goodyera (Kew), R. Br. 1813, also Satyrium and Herbs with tufted basal leaves, the inconspicuous flowei-s in bracted spikes. About 25 species; 3 in U. S.
1538.
Syn.
Neottia, in part.
a.
) MacM. (N. pubescens Willd., G. pubescens R. Br.). Canada and eastern U. S. Downy Rattlesnake Plantain, Net-leaf Plantain, Spotted Plantain, Rattlesnakeweed, Networt, Adder's Violet*, Ratsbane, Scrofula- weed.
P. piibesceiis (Willd.
)
SCIENTIFIC
AND POPULAR.
281
P/an< reputed alterative. The smaller (b) P. repens (L. Salisb. (S. repens L., (x. repens K. Br.), Creeping or Lester Rattlesnake Plantain, is called also White Plantain, Smaller Net-leaf Plantain and Squirrel-ear.
1689.
PERAPHYliLLM, Xutt. Shrubs, allied to Amelanchier.
Peraphyllum.
One
Poniaceae.
species, central U. S.
PERfcSsKIA, L., not Veil. 1825. Bleo, etc. Cactaceae. Sjn. Pierescia, Peireskia. Leafy as well as thorny shrubs. About 15 species, tropical America.
1540.
a.
West Indies. Barbados or West Indian P. acubdta Mill. Gooseberry, Gooseberry shrub. Fruit edible. In New Granada the leaves of the Bleo, (b) P. Bleo DC, are used for salad. r
Perezia. PEREZIA, Lag. Compositae. Syn. Duraerelia, Less., not Lag.; Trixis, in part. Herbs or sub-shrubs. About 50 species, warmer regions of America; 5 in U. S.
1541.
a.
P. adndta Gray (T. Pipitzahoac Schaf!ner.,D. Alamani DC. ). Rhizome laxative. From this and other speCentral Mexico. cies is obtained pipitzahoic acid, called vegetable gold, which has purgative properties.
1542.
PERICOME, Gray
Pericome. Compositae. around", referring to the akenes. A strong-scented herb with yellow flowers. Arizona to New Mexico. A second species is found in Mexico.
From Greek, "hair
1643.
all
PERILLA,
L. Perilla. Labiatae. vernacular, Hindustan. Syn. Ocimum, in part. Annual herbs with colored leaves. Two species, natives of Asia.
From
a.
P. frut^scens (L.
•^vrae. species,
One
Pacific coast of U. S.
PLAT YSTEMON, Benth. 1834. Cream-cups. Papaveraceae.
1614.
From Greek, Annual herb.
"flat
One
stamen".
PLECTRITES, D(
1615.
Plectrites.
Syn. Valerianella, in part. ern U. S.
PLEEA,
1616.
Herb.
A
Herbs.
Yaleriaiiaceae.
About 8
Michx. Pleea. single species, southern U. S.
PLEUR1C6SP0RA,
1617. 1618.
A
Syn. Boothia. Dougl. 1834.
species, California
small scaly herb.
-
Gray.
One
species, west-
Liliaceae.
Moiu.tropaceae.
species, California.
PLEUROGYNIA,
Eschol. (Pleurogyne.) Geiitianaceae. "rib stigma". Syn. Swertia, in part. Annuals with rather large blue flowers. About 7 species, higher north latitudes, 2 in U. S.
From Greek,
1619.
PLUCHEA, Named
for the
Marsh Fleabane. Coinpositae. Abb^ N. A. Pluche of Paris, 18th Century.
Cass.
Syn. Baccharis, Erigeron, in part. Herbs, some shrubby, with small flower-heads. About 30 species, widely distributed; 6 in * U. S. -^
a.
'
P. eamphorata (L. ) DC. (E. camphoratumL.). Atlantic and Gulf coast of U. S., also in West Indies. Spicy Fleabane, Salt-marsh Fleabane, Plowman's- wort, Camphor plant, (b) P. odorata Cass., West Indies, is called Riverside Tobacco.
.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
296
1G20.
PLUMBAGO,
L.
Lead wort.
Pliiinba^inaceae.
Perennial herbs or shrubby climbers. northern hemisphere, 1 in U. S.
P. Europaea L.
a,
Europe.
Common
About 15
species,
Leadwort, Toothwort,
(b) P. J?z?c6 epispastic, emetic, Dentellaria; Ger. Bleiwurz. rosea L., India, and (c) P. seaudeus L., San Domingo, called Herbe au diable, have the same properties.
1621.
PLUMERIA,
(Plumieria, Plumiera). Apocynaceae. traveler and botanist, d. Ornamental shrubs, about 45 species, tropical America.
Named 1706. a.
^
L.
M. Plumier, French
for
Tropical America. Jasmine tree, Eed Jasmine, Frangipane, Fraugipanni, Nosegay-tree, Ked Nosegay-tree, Snake-wood*, (b) P. acutifolia Poir is called in india Pagoda tree, in Burmah Kambodja; (c) P. alba L. in West Indies is called Pagoda-tree, While Nosegay-tree.
P. riibra L.
1622.
PLUMMERA, Named
Gray.
Plummera.
Compositae.
discoverer Miss Plummer (Mrs. J. G. mon). Strong-scented robust herb with yellow flowers. species, Arizona. for
its
LemOne
PNEUMARIA,
Hill. Sea Lungwort. Boraginaceae, Syn. Mertensia (Kew), Pul(rreek, "lungwort". fleshy perennial herb, monaria, Steenhammera, in part. one species, north temperate zone (U. vS.).
1623.
From
A
a.
Pulm, maritima L., M. maritima P. maritima (L. ) Hill. Coasts of Europe, S. F. Gray (Kew), S. maritima Eeichb.). Sea Lungwort, Sea Bugloss, OysterAsia aud N. America. plant*.
1624.
PODISTERA, One
Herb.
1625.
Umbelliferae,
PODOPHYLLUM, From Greek,
About 4 a.
Podistera. Wats. Nevada.
species,
species,
Mandrake, etc. Berberidaceae. Herbs from perennial rootstocks. N. America and Asia; 1 in U. S.
L. "foot leaf".
Ontario to Florida, west to Texas and MinneApple, Wild Mandrake, American Mandrake, Mandrake, Wild Lemon, Ground Lemon, Hog Apple, Devil's Apple, Indian Apple, Kaccoon- berry, Duck's-foot, L'mbrellaRhizome, Mandrake-root; Podoplant, Vegetable Calomel. phyllum, U. S. P., Podophylli Rhizoma Br. Ger. Fussblattwurzel; Fr. Rhizome de podophyllum (Codex); cathartic, laxative, cholagogue. Active constituent, podophyllotoxin. Fruit edible, (b) P. Emodi Wallish of southern Asia has
P. peltatiim sota.
L.
May
;
similar properties.
1626.
PODOSTEMMA, From
Herbs.
Greene. Podostemma. Asclepiadaceae. Greek, ''foot garland". Syn. Asclepias, in part. Five species in U. S.
AND POPULAR.
SCIENTIFIC
1627.
PODOSTEMON, From
Greek,
Michx.
Podostemaceae.
"foot stamen", the ovary being borne on a Aquatic or paludal plants. About 20 species,
slender stalk. one in eastern U. S., viz. River-weed,-Thread-foot.
1G28.
River-weed.
297
(a)
P. Ceratopliyllum Michx.,
PODOSTIOMA,
Ell. 1817. Podostigma. Asclepiadaceae. Greek, ''stalked stigma". Syn. Stylandra, Nutt. 1818. Perennial herb. One species, southeastern U. 8.
From
1629.
POGOOYNE, From
Benth. Greek, "beard pistil".
Pogogyne. Labiatae. Aromatic low annuals. Five
species, all of California.
1630.
POGONIA, From
Greek,
Juss.
restrial orchids. a.
Snake-mouth,
etc. Orcliidaceae. Arethusa, in part. TerAbout 30 species; 5 in U. S.
''bearded".
Syn.
P. ophiogrlossoides (L. ) Ker. Eastern U. S. to Canada. Rose Pogonia, Adder's Pogonia, Snake-mouth, Adder's-mouth Pogonia or Orchis, (b) P.triautliophora (Sw. ) B. S.P (P. peudulaLindl.). Eastern U. S. Nodding Pogonia, Three-birds, c. P. verticillata ( Willd. ) Xutt. Eastern U. 8. and Ontario. Whorled Pogonia, Whorled Snake-mouth. .
1631.
POGOSTEMON,
Desf. Patchouli, etc. Labiatae. "bearded stamen". Herbs, some shrubby. About 35 species, East Indies to Japan.
From
a.
Greek,
P. Heyneaniis Benth. (P. Patchouly
Pelletier, P. suavis TenPatchouli plant. Patchouli Balm. Volatile oil distilled from the plant is Patchouli (Patchouly) or Putcha-pat, much used in perfumery,
ore).
1632.
East Indies.
POINCIANA,
L. (Poincea,Xeck.).
Caesalpinaceae.
Highly ornamental trees About 6 species, tropical regions, (a) P. regia Boj. Madagascar, planted for ornament in all tropical countries. Royal Poinciana. .
1633.
POLASISLi,
Raf.
Clammy-weed.
Capparidaeeae.
From Greek, "very unequal",
referring to the stamens. Syn. Cleome, Jacksonia, in part. Strongly scented herbs. About 15 species, temperate and tropical regions; 4 in U. S. a.
P. graveolens Raf. (C. graveolens Raf. (Kew. ), not L., C. dodecandra Michx. ). British America, south to New York, Kansas and Colorado. Clammy-weed, Worm-weed, False Mustard.
Plant acrid, counter-irritant, vermifuge.
POLEMONIUM,
L. Greek Valerian, etc. Polemoiiiaceae. of \ alerian, of Greek origin. Herbs, mostly perennial. About 20 species, north temperate zone; 16 in U.S., mostly western.
1634.
Latin
a.
name
Europe. Greek Valerian, Jacob' s-ladder, Ladder-to-heaven, Charity, Makebale; Ger. Speerkraut; Fr. Val^riane grecque. Properties of (c). (b) P. Vau Briiutiae Brit, of northeastern U. S., American Jacob' s-ladder, closely resembles this species.
P. caeriileiim L.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
298 c.
P, reptans L. Eastern U. S. Abscess-root, American Abscessroot, American Greek Valerian, Creeping Greek Valerian, Jacob' s-ladder*. Bluebell* Forget-me-not* Sweet-root; Ger. Geschwiirwurzel.
Root alterative, astringent, diaphoretic.
POLIANTHES,
1635.
Tuberose. Amaryllidaceae. L. Syn. Polyanthus, Tuberosa, flowered" from tuberous rootstocks. About 3 species,
From Greek, "white
.
Herbs Heist. tropical America. a.
P. tuberosa L. (T. arnica Medic). Mexico and widely cult. Flowers fragrant, much used Tuberose, Mistress-of-the-night. in perfumery.
1636.
POLIOMINTHA,
Gray.
Poliumintha. Labiatae. Syn. Hedeomat, in part. Three sj)ecies, Mexican border of
From Greek, "hoary Mint". Hoary U.
suttrutescent plants.
S.
POLYCARPON,
All-seed. Caryopliyllaceae. Slender annuals. About 6 fruited". species, widely distributed; 1 nat. in California, viz. (a) P. tetraphyllum L. from Europe, called All-seed.
1637.
Loefl.
From Greek, "manv
1638.
POLYGALA,
L.
From Greek, "abounding About 260 species; 44 in U. a.
b.
c.
Milkwort. in milk".
Polygalaceae. Herbs, rarely shrubs.
S.
Bitter Milkwort, European Bitter Europe. P. ainara L. Poly gala; Ger. Kreuzblume, Kreuzwurz. Herb, Herba polySee (d). galae, bitter tonic, stomachic.
P. major Jacq. Southeastern Europe. Root, Radix polygalse hungarica^.
Hungarian Milkwort.
P. paiicifolia Willd. (P. uniflora Michx. ). British America, south to Georgia and Illinois. Fringed Milkwort or Folygala, Flowering Wintergreen, Gay-wings, May-wings, Babies'-feet, Babies' -toes. Babies' -slippers, Bird-on-the-wing, Dwarf Milkwort, Indian Pink, Ladies' -slipper*, Little Pollom, Evergreen Snakeroot.
d.
P. poly gama Walt. (P. rubella Muhl. ). Canada and eastern U. S.* Bitter Milkwort, Pink Milkwort or Folygala, Racemed Milkwort, Centaury. Properties of (a), as have also: (e) P. Soopjiria Kunth., Southern U. S. and Mexico; (f) P. JJiittallii T. & Gr., eastern U. S., Nuttall's Milkwort, Ground Centaury, and (g) P. Tiridescens L. (P. sanguinea L., not Canada and ea.stern U. S. Field or Purple Milkwort, Nutt. ). '
Strawberry-tassel. h.
Canada to N. Carolina, west to Minnesota. P. Senega L. Senega Snakeroot, Seneca Snakeroot, Seneca root, Rattlesnake root. Mountain Flax; Ger. Senegawurzel; Fr, Polygala de VirRoot, Senega, U. S. P., Senegae Radix, Br., ginie (Codex). Rad. polygalse virginianae; acrid, stimulani, expectorant. robust variety, Maryland to Tennessee and Michigan, is P. Senega latifolia T. & Gr. The White or False Senega root, having similar properties is from (j) P. Boykiiiii Xutt.,
A
southern and southwestern
LT. S.
.
.
SCIENTIFIC
AND POPULAR.
299
Other species of interest are (k) P. cruciata, eastern U.S., Cross-leaved Milkwort, Marsh Milkwort or Polygala, Drumheads; (1) P. iiicarnata L., eastern U. S. to Mexico, Pink Rogation-flower, Milkwort, (American) Procession-flower; (m) P. Intea L., eastern l\ S., Orange Milkwort, Wild Bnch dor's- buttons. Yellow Milkwort or Polygala; (n) P. Serpen taria Eck. & Zey., South Africa, root regarded an alexipharmic; (o) P. veneiiosa Jnss., Java, acrid and poisonous, and (p) P. vulgaris L., Europe, European Milkwort, Crossflower, Four-sisters, Gang-flower, Procession-flower, Rogationflower, Robin's-eye.
1639.
P0LYG0NATU3l,Adans. Solomon' s-seal.Couvallarlaeeae. The Greek name, "many jointed". Syn. Convallaria, in
part. Herbs with scarred rootstocks. temperate zone; 2 in U. S. a.
About 20
species,
north
Ontario and P. biflorum (Walt.) EH. (C. biflora Walt.). eastern IJ. S. Hairy or Twin-flowered Solomon' s-seal. Dwarf Rhizome of this and Solomon' s-seal or Seal wort, Conquer-John of ( b ) collected in America as Solomon' s-seal .
b.
P. comniutatiim (R. &S. ) Dietr. (P. giganteum Dietr. (Kew), Canada to Georgia, west to Louisiana C. commutata R. c^ S. ). and Utah. Great Solomon' s-seal. Giant or Smooth Solomon's seal,
Sealwort, Drop-berry.
c P.
Europe and multifloriiui (L. ) All. (C. multiflora L. ). Asia. Many-flowered »Solomon' s-seal ^., David' s-harp, .Jacob'sladder, Ladder-to-heaven, Scala coeii, Lily-of-the mountain, Rhizome of this and of Fraxinelle, Drop-berry, Whitewort. (d), Solomon' s-seal (of Europe), Our-Lady' s-seal. Lady' s-seal, Seal-of-heaven, Weisswurzel, Salomon'sWhite-root; Ger. siegel; Fr. Sceau de Salomon; formerly reputed to possess marvelous healing virtues.
d.
) All. (C. oflBcinalis L., C. Polygonatum L., Europe and Asia. True Solomon'.s-seal, P. vulgare Desf. ). ( Sealwort, with synonyms of ( c) Fr. Sceau de Salomon ( 'odex )
P. offleiuale (L.
;
POLYOONELLA, Michx. Jointweed. Polyg:oiiaeeae. Latin, dim. of "Polygonum". Syn. Polygonum, (jonopyrum, in part. Herbs with jointed stems. About 8 species, all ofU. S. (a) P. articiilata (L. ) Meisn., Coast Jointweed, is called also Sand-grass.
1640.
1641.
POLYGONUM,
L.
Knotweed,
The Greek name, meaning "many
etc.
Polygon aceae.
^yn. Listorta, in part. Herbs, some shrubby, with spiked, raeemed or capitate inflorescence. About 200 species, 66 in U. S. jointed'',
a.
Europe and British America, south to P. ampllibium L. Kentucky, Colorado and California. Water Persicaria, Willowweed, Willow-grass, Ground Willow, Red-shanks, Hearts- ease*.
b.
HalberdP. arifoliiim L. Canada and northea.stern U. S. leaved Tear-thumb, Scratch-grass, Sickle-grass. The latter names apply also to (c) P. sagitatiiiii I^., Arrow-leaved Tear- thumb, a more common species.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
300 d.
P. aviculdre L. Europe, Asia and N. America. Knot-grass, Door-weed, Door-grass, All-seed, Armstrong, Beggar-weed, Bird's-tongue, Bird-grass, Bird- weed, Centinode, Cow-grass, Crab-weed, Finzach, Goose-grass, Hog-weed, Iron-grass, Knotwort, Male Knot-grass, Ninety-knot, Mantil, Pink-weed, Sparrow-tongue, Stone- weed, Swine' s-grass, Tacker-grass, Waygrass, Wire-grass*, Wire-weed.
e.
P. Bistorta L. (B. officinalis Eaf., B. major S. F. Gray). Europe and northern Asia. Bistort (i. e. twice bent), Snakeweed, Adders wort, Dragon wort, Easter- ledges, Easter-magi en ts, Astrology]:, Osterich, English Serpentary, Snakewort, Passions, Red-legs, Sweet Dock, Twice-writhen; Ger. Wiesenknoterich, Natterwurz, Knoterich; Fr. Bistorte (Codex), Couleuvrine. Bhizome, Bistorta, Bad. l3istort8e. Bad. columbinse; astringent. Similar properties belong to the indigenous (f) P. Virginianum L., Virginia Knotweed, Virginia Bistort; also to the circumpolar (g) P. >ivipanim L. (B. viviparaS. F. Gray), Alpine Bistort, Serpent-grass.
h.
1.
P. CouvolviiliiS L. Asia, nat. in Europe and U. S. Black Bindweed. Blackbird Bindweed, Climbing or Corn Bindweed, Ivy or Knot Bindweed, Bear-bind, Corn- bind, Devil' s-tether, The name False BuckWith-wind, Climbing Buckwheat*. wheat is given to the similar (i) P. cristdtum Engelm. & Gr.; (j)P. dumetoriiiii L. and (k) P. scaudens L. Europe, nat. in U. S. Water-pepper, p. Hydropiper L. Smartweed, Biting Knotweed; Biting Persicaria, Bite-tongue, Lake-weed, Pepper-plant, Red-knees, Red-shanks, Sickleweed*, P/an^ acrid, diureCiilrage, Ciderage, Arse-smart, Arsenickj. tic.
India, nat. in U. S. Prince's-feather, m. P. orientale L. Gentleman' s-cane, Garden Persicary, Ragged-sailor. n.
P. Persicaria L.
Europe, nat. in U.
S.
Spotted Knotweed,
Black-heart, Crab' s-claws, Heart-weed, Heart's-ease* (U. S.), Heart' s-ear, Lover' s-pride, Peachwort, Persicaria, Persicary,
Pink-weed, Red-shanks, Red-weed, Willow-weed, Plumbago*. o.
Ell. rP. acre H. B. K., P. Hydropiper Michx., British America, U. S. throughout, and southward. Smartweed, Dotted or Water Smartweed, Arsesmart,
P. pimctatiim not L.
).
American
Arsmart, Hydropiper, Water-pepper, Turkey-troop. rid, diuretic, diaphoretic,
p.
P. tinctorium
A 1642.
Japan and China.
Ait.
Herb
ac-
emmenagogue. Japanese Indigo plant,
source of indigo.
POLYMNIA,
L.
Leaf-cup.
Compositae.
Dedicated to the Muse Polhymnia. Perennial herbs, some shrubby. About 10 species, New World; 2 in L^. S. a.
P. UvedAlia L. Eastern U. S. Yellow Leaf-cup, Bear's-foot, Yellow Bear' 8-foot, Large-flowering Leaf-cup, Uvedalia. Boot tonic, stimulant.
SCIENTIFIC
AXD POPULAR.
301
POLYPODIUM, L. Polypody. Polyiwdiaceae. Greek name of a kind of Fern, "many footed" Ferns from creeping rootstocks. About 350 species; 11 in U. S.
1643.
.
a.
P, viilgdre L. Xorthem Asia, Europe and N. America. Common Polypody (Polypod, Polypode, Polypoddy), Rock Brake-", Adder's Fern* Ever-fern, Golden Maidenhair*, Golden Polypody, Golden-locks, Moss Fern, Wall Fern, Wood Feni, Polypody of the Oak, Polypody of the Wall; Ger. Gemeiner Tiipfelfarn, Siissfarn, Engelsiiss; Fr. Polypode Commun (Codex). Rhizome, Radix polypodii, R. tiliculse dulcis; expectorant, diuretic.
POLIPORUS,
1644.
Agaric, etc. Hymeiiouiycetes. pores". Syn. Boletus, in part. (toadstools), mostly of corky or woody texture. A few Fries.
From Greek, having "many Fungi
are edible. a.
P. fomentarius (L. ) Fries (B. fomentarius L. ). Southern and middle Europe. Oak Agaric, Surgeon's Agaric, Spunk, Punk, Touchwood; Ger. Wundschwamm, Feuerschwamm, Zunder; Fr. Agaric de chene (Codex). Fungus absorbent, hemostatic, (b) P. ignarius (L. ) Fries (B. ignariusL.) and (c) P. margindtlis Fries, yield a similar Agaric, but harder.
d.
P. officinalis Fries (B. laricis Jacq., B. purgans Pers. ). Europe and northern Asia. White Agaric, Larch Agaric, Male Agaric, Purging Agaric, Amadou, German Tinder; Ger. Larchenschwamm; Fr. Agaric blanc officinal, Polypore du Meleze (Co. dex); hemostatic, purgative in large, astringent in small doses,
POLYPREMUM,
1645.
Polypremum.
L.
Logaiiiaceae. Obscure annual herb. One and Mexico.
From Greek, "many stemmed". species,
southern U.
POLYPTERIS,
1646.
S.
Nutt.
Polypteris. Stevia,
From Greek, "many winged". Syn. Rough herbs with pink or purple part. cies.
1647.
North America; 4 in U.
P0LY8TACHYA,
Hook.
From Greek, "many natives of Africa, a few
1648.
POLYTAESIA, From Greek,
with
with yellow flowers.
1649.
Polystachya.
Orchidaceae.
offshoots". Small epiphytes, mostly in tropical America and Asia; 1 in U. S.
Polytsenia. Umbel liferae. "many fillets" (i. e. oil-tubes). Herb One species, east-central U. S.
Hair cap Moss. Musci. Tall showy mosses, north temAbout 10 in U. S.
L.
hairy".
perate and arctic zones. a.
S.
DC.
POLYTRICHUM, From Greek, "very
Coiiipositae. Palafoxia, in flowers. About 6 spe-
Europe and U. S. Golden Maidenhair, P. comniiine L. Bear Moss, Besom Moss, Golden Moss, Goldilocks, Silver Heather, Silver Ling; Ger. Golduer Widerthon. Plant, Herba adianti aurei, H. polytrichi; diuretic, as is (b) P. jimiperiniim Hedw., Europe and U. S., Hair-cap Moss, Bear's-bed, Ground Moss, May-queen Moss, Robin's Rye.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
302
1660.
PONTEDERIA,
Pickerel- weed.
L.
Poiitederiaceae. Aquatic
Named
for Prof. G. Pontedera of Padua, d. 1767. herbs with spikes of bkie flowers. About 8 species, 1 in U. S.
New World;
1651.
PONTHIEVA,
Ponthieva.
E. Br.
Terrestrial orchids.
Orcbidaceae.
About 15 species, New World;
1 in
U. S.
p6pULUS,
Poplar, Aspen, etc. L. Salicaceae. Trees Latin name, whence our word "poplar" About 25 species, northern hemisphere, eswith soft wood. pecially in higher latitudes; 11 in U. S.
1652.
The
a.
classical
P. alba L.
Europe and
Arbell, Awbel, White Poplar,
Beech, E-attler b.
.
Asia, nat. in U. S. Abele (Abel, Abbey), Silver Poplar (Popple), Silver-leaf or Aspen Poplar, Great Aspen, White Asp, Dutch tree, White-bark.
P. balsamifera L. British America and northern part of U. S. A variety, P. balsamifera candiBalsam Poplar, Tacamahac. Leaf-buds cans (Ait.) A. Gray, is known as Balm-of-Gilead. resinous, aromatic, expectorant.
c.
P. deltoides Marsh (P. Carolinensls Moench,
P. monilefera Canada, south to angulata Ait., P. Canadensis Desf.). Cottonwood, Necklace Poplar, Florida and New Mexico. Carolina Poplar, Yellow Cottonwood, Big Cottonwood, Cottontree, Italian Black Poplar, Carolina Poplar, Kiver or Water (d) P. beteropbylla L. in Poplar, Berrv-bearing Poplar. the eastern States and (e) P. acuminata Rydb. also (f ) P. aug'ustifolia James, in the west are also called Cottonwood, (g) P. tricbocarpba T. &G., California to Alaska, is called Black Cottonwood or Balsam Cottonwood.
Ait., P.
h.
P. Eiipbratica Olivier. Northern Africa, east to Thibet and The "willow" of southern Siberia. Garab tree of the Arabs. Scripture (Ps. 137).
i.
P. tremuloides Michx.
New Mexico and
British America, south to Kentucky, American Aspen (Asp, Aps,
California.
Espen, Haspen), Mountain Asp, Quaking Asp, Auld-wive'stongues, Trembling Poplar, Quiver-leaf, White or American The Aspen of Europe, to which most of the above Poplar. names were originally applied, is (j) P. tremiila L. The Great Aspen or Large-toothed Asj)en of the eastern U. S. is (k) P. graudideutata Michx. 1.
Europe. Black P. nigra L. (including P. dilatata Ait.). Poplar (Pipple, Popillary, Pepillary), Cat-foot Poplar, Old English or Willow Poplar, Cotton-tree. The variety Italica Du Boi (P. fastigiata Desf. ) is the well-known Lombardy Poplar, called also
1653.
Black-lady or Water Poplar.
PORLIERIA, Named in honor
R. &Pay. (Porliera). Zygopbyllaceae. Syn. Guaiacum, in of a Spanish botanist.
Two
species, tropiShrubs or trees with pinnate leaves. part. cal America; 1 in U. S., viz. (a) P. aug'ustifolia (Engelm. ).
Texas
to Mexico.
Wood has
properties of
Guaiacum
q. v.
SCIENTIFIC
AND POPULAR.
303
POROPHYLLUM,
Vaill. Porophyllum. Compositae. Greek, *'pore leaved", the leaves having pellucid dots. Herbs or sub-shrubs. About 30 species, New World; 3 in U. S.
1654.
From
1655.
PORTERANTHUS,
Britton, 1894. Rosaceae. Porter of Lafayette College. Syn. Gillenia, Moench 1802, not Gillena, Adans. 1763; Spiraea, in part. Perennial herbs with rather large white or pinkish flowers. Two species, both in U. S.
Named
for Prof. T.
C.
a.
P. stipulatus (Muhl.) Brit.
b.
P.
(S. stipulata Muhl., G. stipulacea Nutt. ). New York to Louisiana and Indian Territory. American Ipecac, Indian Physic, with other synonyms of (b).
trifolijitus (L. ) Brit. (S. trifoliataL.,G. trifoliata Moench). to Georgia, west to Missouri. Indian Physic, Bow-
New York
man's- root, Indian Hippo, False Ipecac, Western Dropwort, Meadow-sweet*. Root emetic, expectorant.
1656.
PORTULACA, The
shine. a.
L.
Portulaca, Purslane. Portiilacaceae.
Latin name,
Fleshy herbs, blossomiug in brighi sunAbout 30 species, mostly of New World; 9 in U. S.
P. grandiflora Hook.
South America, cult, in gardens and adv. in U. S. Garden Portulaca, Sun plant, Showy Portulaca, French or Garden Purslane, Pink, Mexican Eose, Rose
Wax
Moss, Kentucky Moss. b.
Tropical America, nat. in U. S. and widely Purslane, Purslain, (Pursley, Pussley). Used as
P, oleracea L. elsewhere. a pot herb.
Reputed vulnerary and
antiscorbutic.
POTAMOGETON,
L. Pondweed. Naidaceae. Gr«-ek name of apond weed, **river inhabitant". Aquatic plants with leaves either floating or submerged. About 60 well-detined species, temperate regions; 38 in U. S. The species are called also Water-spike and Pickerel- weed*
1657.
The
a.
P. natans L. Europe, Asia and N. America. Common Floating Pondweed, Deil's-spoons, Batter-dock, Flatter-dock, Fishleaves, Tench-weed, (b) P. crispiis L. is called Curly-leaved Pondweed, Water Caltropsf, Muckweed; (c) P. liiceiiS L., Cornstalk-weed, Shining P(mdweed; (d) F. pectiuatus L., Fennel-leaved Pond-weed, Pond-grass.
POTENTILLA, L. Barren Strawberry, etc. Rosaceae. Latm, diminutive of poiens, ''powerful" (medicinally). Syn. Tormentilla, in part. Herbs or shrubs. About 150 species, nearly all of north temperate zone; 90 in U. S.
1658.
a.
P. Anserina L. Silver-feather,
Europe, Asia and N. America.
Silverweed,
Wild Agrimonyf, Buttercup* Caraoroche, Wild
Tansy, Goose Tansy, Goose-grass, Dog's Tansy (Scotland), Argentina; Ger. Giinserich, Silberkraut; Fr. Argentine (Codex) Plant astringent, tonic. Anserine. b.
Europe, Asia, Canada and northeastern U. S. Silvery Cinquefoil, Hoary Cinquefoil. Included in the Argentine of the French Codex.
P. argentea L.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
304 c.
P. Canadensis L. (includes P. simplex Michx.).
Canada and
Five-tingei', Common Cinquefoil (of America), eastern U.S. Eesembles (f) Sinkfieldt, Star-Hower, Kiinning Buttercup.
and used d.
in its place.
P. fruticosa L, British America, south to New .Jersey, MinShrubby Cinquefoil, Hardnesota, Arizona and California. hack, Prairie- weed.
e.
f.
P. Monspeli^nsis L. (P. Norvegica L. (Kew), P. hirsuta Michx.). Eurojie, Asia and N. America. Rough Cinquefoil, Barren Strawberry.
Europe and Asia. P. reptans L. (T. reptans Stokes, not L. ) Creeping Cinquefoil (Sinkfield), European Five-finger, Gold.
en-blossom; Ger. Quintefeuille. g.
Potentille rampante,
Fiinffingerkraut; Fr.
Plant, astringent, febrifuge.
P. Tormentilla Neck. {,T. erecta L., T. officinalis Curt, P. officinalis S. F. Gray). Europe and northern Asia. Tormentilla (Tormentil, Thormantle), Septfoil (Setfoil), Bloodroot*, Ewe Daisy, Shepherd 's-knot. Sheep 's-knapperty (Ireland). Rhizome, Rad. Tormentilla?; Ger. Tormentillwurzel, Euhrwurzel, Heideckerwurzel, Blutwurzel; Fr. Tormentille; astringent, febrifuge.
PREMNA,
1659.
Premna. Shrubs and warmer regions of Old World.
From cies, a.
L.
Greek, "stump''.
trees.
Terbenaceae. About 45 spe-
Tahiti to Fiji. Yaro. Bark one of the constituents of Tonga, a Fiji remedy for neuralgia, etc.
P. Taitensis DC.
1660.
PRIMULA,
Primrose. Primulaceae. "early" blooming. Perennial scapose About 150 species, mostly of northern hemisphere; 14 L.
The Latin name, herbs. in U. S. a.
Southern Europe, cult, in gardens. Auricula L. ursi auricula), Yellow Auricula (of Alps), Bear's-ear, (Bezor), French or Mountain Cowslip, Dusty-miller, Primmilyif:,
P. Auricula (i. e.
Tanner' s-apron.
Europe. Hill. (P. veris L. in part). Cowslip, Cow-sinkin, Pagle (Paigle, Peagle).
b.
P. elatior
c.
P. farinosa L. (P. Auricula
Oxlip, Great
Hill., notL.). Europe, Asia and northern N. America, south to Michigan. Mealy Primrose, Bird's-eye Primrose, Scotch Primrose, Bonny- bird-een. Powder-
ed-beau. d.
officinalis Jacq. (P. vulgaris Hill, not Huds., P. veris L., Europe. Cowslip, English Cowslip, Cowslip Primin part). rose, Culverkeys, Lady's-keys, Herb Peter, St. Peter's-wort*, Pagle (Paigle, Pagil), Pretty Mullen (Mullein), Palsywort, Polyanthus (Polander|), the last a cultivated variety; Ger. JRoot Primel, Peterschltissel, Himmelschliissel Fr. Primav^re
P.
;
Rad. paralyseos, Rad. Flovjers nervine.
arthritica,
expectorant, antispasmodic.
SCIRXIJI-K; AMI)
1661.
PRIOISOPSIS, Xutt. From Greek, "saw like"
rOPULAR.
305
Prionopsis. tonipositee. alluding to leaf maygins. Syn. Donia, Aplopappus (Kew), in part. Herb with large heads of yellow flowers. One species, Kansas to Texas. ,
Priya. PRIVA, Adans. Verbeiiaeeae. Perennial herb^. About 10 species, warmer regions of both hemispheres; 1 in U. S., viz. (a) P. eohindta Juss., Brazil to Florida, Styptic-bur, Velvet-bur.
1662.
1663.
PROSERPINACA,
L. Mermaid-weed.
Haloragidaceae.
From
Latin, "forward creeping". Aquatic herbs. species, both of eastern U. S. to AVest Indies.
Two
Mesquit. PR0S8.
Name
a.
P. hir^iitissima (Pursh) Brit. (C. hirsutissima Pursh., A. patens (Kew ), var Nuttalliana A. Gray, A. Nuttalliana DC. ). Texas to Nebraska and Br'tii-h olumbia. American Pulsatilla, American or Nuttall's Pasque-flower, April-fool, Badger- weed, Easter-flower, Gosling, Hartshorn plant. Headache plant, May-fl»nver, Prairie Anemone, Prairie or Wild Crocus. Pro(
perties ot (b). b.
P. prateusis (L. ) Mill. (A. pratensis L.) and (c) P. PulsaEutilla (L. ) Lyons ^A. Pulsatilla L., P. vulgaris Mill.). rope and northern Asia. Pulsatilla, European Pulsatilla or Pasque-flower, Dane's-blood. Easter-flower; Ger. Kiicheiischelle, Pulsatille; Fr. Anemone Pulsatille, Coqueiourd (Codex), Sp. Piilsatila.
U.
1004.
S. P.
;
Tilt
dowering
herb
of both
species,
Pulsatilla,
alterative, antispasmodic.
PUNICA,
L. 1753.
Pomegranate.
Piinicaceae.
The Latin name, '*Carthagenian" fruit. Sy». Granalnm, Shrub. One species, northern Africa and westSt. Lag. 1880. ern Asia. a.
Pomegranate, P. Granatiim L. (G. Punicum St. Lag.). Carthaegnian or Punic Apple, Garnet Apple, Balaiista, Balaustine; Ger. Granatbaum; Fr. Grenadier (Codex), Balustier; Sp. Granado. Bai^k of stem and root, Granatnm, U. S. P., GranRadicis Cortex, Br., Cortex Granati P. G. Tsenicide, conRind of fruit Cortex psidii, taining the alkaloid pelletierine. Cort. malicorium; astringent used in tanning morocco leather. Flowers, Flores balaustii, Balaustia, astringeijt. Fruit acidulous, ati
esculent.
,
PLANT XAMES AND SYNONYMS
312
PUYA,
Puya. Bromeliaceae. Mol. (Puja). Syn. Pourretia, K. & Pav. vernacular (Chili). About 5 species, Chili and Shrubby or arborescent plants. Peru.
1695.
From
a.
P. lanugluosa Schult. (Pourretia lanuginosa Source of Chagual gum.
11.
&P. ).
Chili. ,
PYROLA, L. VVintergreen, Shin-leaf, etc. Pyrolaceae. PerenLaiin horn pyrus (Pear), from similarity of leaves. About 15 species, northern hemisphere; 11 nial scapose herbs. in U. S.
1696.
;i.
P. elliptiea Nutt. British America, south to Maryland, Illinois and New Mexico. Shin-leaf, Wild Lily of-the-valley. (b) P. chlorjintha Swz. and (c) P. minor L. are also called Shinleaf.
d.
Europe, Asia and northern N. America, Kound-leaved VV^intersouth to Georgia, west to Minnesota. green. False VVintergreen, Lartjer Wintergreen, Pear leaved Wintergreen, Canker Lettuce, Wild* or Indian Lettuce, Consumption-weed, Copper-leaf, Dollar-leaf, Liverwort Lettuce; Leaves astringent, diuretic. Ger. Waldmangold; Fr. Pyrole. The other species have similar properties.
P. rotiiudifolia L.
1697.
PYROCOMA,
Pyrocoma. Compositae. Rigid perennial herbs;
Hook.
Syn. Aplopappus ( Kew), in part. 26 species in U. S. PaciKc border. ,
1698.
PYRULARIA,
Michx.
Buffalo-nut, etc.
Santalaceae.
Shrubs or Syn. Hamiltonia, in part. species, one in Asia, one in U. S.
Latin, "pear like'.
small trees. a,
P. piibera Michx, (P. oleifera A. Gray, H. oleifera Muhl. ). Oil-nut, Buffalo-nut, Elk-nut. Pennsylvania to Georgia. Seeds rich in
oil.
PYRllS, name
1699.
Latin cies,
a.
Two
L. (Pirus). of the Pear.
Old World.
Pear.
-
.
Poinaceae.
Trees or shrubs. About 12 speSee Cydonia, Mains, Mespilus and Sorbus.
P, communis L.
Europe and central Asia, and widely cult. In the wild state called Choke Pear; Ger. Bimbaura; Fr. Poirier. • Fruit esculent. Pear.
1700.
PYXIDANTHERA, From Greek, "box
Michx. Pyxie,
etc.
Diapensiaeeae.
Syn.
Diapensia, in part. Dwarf evergreen shrub. One species; (a) P. barbulata New Jersey to N. Carolina. Michx. (D. barbulata Ell.). Flowering Moss, Pyxie, Pyxie Moss, Pine- barren Beauty.
1701.
QUAMASIA,
anther''.
Raf. 1818. (Quamassia).
Liliaceae. Syn. Camassia (Kew), Lindl. 1832; Lemotrys, Scilla, in part. Scapose herbs from membranous-coated bulbs. About 5 species, all of U. S.
From vernacular Indian name.
SCIENTIFIC a.
AND POPULAR.
313
Q. esculeuta (Ker.) Coville (C. esculenta Lind. (Kew), L. hyacintha Raf., S. Fraseri Gray, C. Fraseri Torr. ). Pennsylvania to Minnesota, south to Texas. Eastern Quamash or (Jamass, Wild Hyacinth. Bulb esculent.
QUAMOCLIT, Moench. Cypress vine. Convolyulaceae, Syn. Quainoclita; Ipomciea, in part. Herbaceous twiners. About 10 species, warm and tropical regions; 2 nat. in U. S. viz. (a) Q, coccinca (L.) Moench, Small Red Morninggilory, American Jasmine; (b) Q, Qiiam.
RIGIOPAPPUS,
From Greek, "stiff flowers. One species,
Rigiopappus. Compositae. Slender annual with yellow Pacific border of U. S. Gray.
papf)U8".
RIViNA, L. (Rivinia). Hoop-withe. Phytolaccaceae. Named for A. Q. Rivinu>.
Tor. (Salizaria).
Labiatae.
Don Jose Salazar y Lnrreqni, Mexican CommisBoundary Survey. Shrubby plant. One species,.
for
bord' r of
IJ.
S.
SALPICHR6a,
Miers 1845. (Salpichroma). Solauaceae* "colored trmupet", alluding to the corolla.
From Greek, Herbs, Syn. Busheckia, Mart. 182iSeec?s esculent; source Ajonjoli. of Benne oil, Gingili or Teel oil; Oleum Sesami, U. S. P., having properties of olive oil.
\
AA
'
SESBAN,
Adans. 1763 (Sesbana). Papilionaceae. ancient name, of Arabic or Persian origin. Syn. SesHerbs or bania. Scop. 1777; Agati, Adans 1763, in part. About 15 species, warmer regions; 4 in U. S. slirubs.
1838.
The
a.
S.
macrocdrpa Muhl. Florida to Colorado and Central America. One of Long-podded Sesban|, P^a-tree, Colorado Hemp. several species which yield a strong fibre for cordage.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
344
Sea Purslane. SESl)VIUM, L. Low fleshy herbs. Syn. Pharnaceum, in part. cies, sea coasts and saline regions; 2 in U. S.
1839.
1840.
SHERARDIA,
Herb Sherard, etc. Rubiaceae. Sherard, English botanist, d. 1728. with whorled, spiny pointed leaves. One species. Old
Named Herb
Aizoaceae.
About 4 spe-
Dr.
for
L.
Wm.
World. a.
Europe, adv. in eastern U. S. S. arv^nsis L. Blue Field Madder, Spurwort, Herb Sherard.
1841.
SH6REA. Named
for
of India, d. tropical Asia. a.
b.
Roxb.
Sal
Field Madder,
Dipteraceae.
tree.
John Shore, Baron Teignmouth, Governor general Large resinous trees. About 25 species, 1834.
India. Sal-tree, Saul-tree, Indian Sal. Timber exceedingly heavy, hard and durable. Leaves the food Exudate a kind of dammar. of the Tussa silkworm.
S. robusta Gaertn.
S. Talura Roxb. (S. laccifera Heyne). tree yields a kind of dammar, also lac.
SH6rTIA,
East
Indies.
The
&
Gr; Shortia. Tor. Diapensiacea©. for Charles W. Short, American botanist, d. 1863. Two species, one in Japan, the other Perennial stemless plants.
1842.
Named
(rare) in N. Carolina.
1843.
SIBARA, Herb.
One
Greene.
Sibara.
Cruciferae.
species, western U. S.
SIBBALDIA,
Sibbaldia. L. Rosaceae. Robert Sibbald, Scotch physician, d. 1712. Syn. Small shrubby plants of alpine Potentilla (Kew), in part. regions. About 5 species, north temperate zone; 1 in U. S.
1844.
Nam. eastern U. S., nat. in Europe. Star-cucumber, Bur-cucumber, One-seeded Bur-cucumber, Wild Cucumber, Nimble-Kate. Boot and seeds bitter, diuretic.
SICYOSPERMA,
Sicyosperma. Cacurbitaceae. Gray. Greek, "Sicyos-seeded". A herbaceous vine closely One species. New Mexico. related to Sicyos.
1846.
From
SID A,
Sida, Indian Mallow. L. Malvaceae. Herbs. About 75 species, ancient Greek plant name. warmer regions of both hemispheres; 22 in U. S. See Abutilon. (a.) S. rhoinbifolia Canariensis(Willd. ) Griseb. (S. Canary Islands, nat. in southern U. S. Canariensis Willd. ). Canary-island Tea-plant, Queensland Hemp. Leaves demulcent. Inner bark yields a strong tibre.
1847.
An
SCIENTIFIC
1848.
AND POPULAR.
345
SIDALCEA, Gray. Name combined from
species,
Globe Mallow. "Sida" and *'Alcea". California and Mexican border.
Malvaceae. Herbs.
27
SIDERdXYLON,
1849.
L. Sideroxylon. Sapotaceae. "iron wood". Sjn. Bumelia, Sapota, in part, frees or shrubs. About 70 species, mostly tropical regions of southern hemisphere; 1 in U. S., viz. (a) S. mastidiodeii-
From Greek,
dron Swz. b.
Jacq., notBalb. (B. mastichodendron R. Florida to West Indies. Mastic tree.
&
S.,
B. pallida
).
S. dulciflcuin A. DC. of western Africa is called Miraculousberry (fruit exceedingly sweet); (c) S. obovatnm Gaertn. (B. cuneataSw.), West Indies, is called Downward Plum, Saffron Plum, Ant's- wood; (d) S. rugosuili R. & S (Sap. rugosa Griseb. ), Brazil and West Indies, is called in Jamaica Beef Apple, or Bull Apple.
1850.
SILAUS, Bernh.
Meadow
Saxifrage.
Umbelliferae.
Greek name of some umbelliferous plant. Perennial herbs, natives of Europe and Asia, (a) S. flavesceiis Bernh. (s! pratensis Bess., Slum Silaus Roth. ). Europe. Meadow Saxifrage.
1861.
SILENE, L. From Greek, 'saliva'
Catchfly, etc.
CaryophjIIaceae.
alluding to the sticky secretion. Syn. Cucubalus, Behen, in part. Annual or perennial herbs. About 250 species, widely distributed; 62 in U. S., including *
' ,
nat. species.
Europe, cult in gardens and nat. in U. S. Sweet William Catchfly, Garden or Lobel's Catchflv, Dwarf French Pink, Mice Pink, Limewort Catchfly, None-so-pretty Old-maid's Pink, Pretty-Nancy, Sweet-Susan, Wax-plant.
ii.
S. Ariiieria L.
b.
S. vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (C. Behen L. not S. Behen L )' B. vulgaris Moench, S. Cucubalus Wibel, S. inflata J. E. Sm. Europe and Asia, nat. in eastern U. S. Bladder Campion Behen, Bull-rattle, Cow-bell, Devil's-rattlebox, Knap-bottle*' Maiden's-tears, Rattle-bags, Sea Pink, Snappers, vSpatline i f b Poppy,
Frothy Poppy, White Ben.
^
Other notable species are (c) S. acaiilis L., Arctic and Alpine Europe, Asia and N. America; Moss Campion, Moss Pink, Cushion Pink; (d) S. dlba Muhl. (C. niveus Nutt. S nivea Otth. ), Pennsylvania to Iowa, Western White Campion, Snowy Campion; (e) S. nutans L., Europe, adv. in U. S. Nodding Catchfly, Dover or Nottingham Catchfly; (f) S. reeia Sims., southeastern U. S., Royal Catchfly, Pixie, Piskitrs, Wild Pink.
1852.
SILPHIUM,
L. (Silphion). Rosin-weed, etc. Compositae.
Greek name of some resinous coarse foliage. About 13 species, ».
S. lacinidtum L.
(S.
plant. all
gummiferum
Robust herbs with
of U. S.
Ell.).
Ohio
to
Alabama
west to Texas and S. Dakota. Rosin-weed, Compass-plant. Pilot- weed, Polar-plant. Herb resinous, somewhat aromatic.
PliANT
346
NAMES AND SYNONYMS
b.
S. perfolidtum L. Ontario and eastern U. S., west to Nebraska. Cup-plant, Indian-cup, Ragged-cup.
c.
Ohio to Georgia, west to Louisiana S. terebinthinaceum Jacq. and Minnesota. Prairie Dock, Prairie Burdock, Rosin-plant, Rosin-weed, Turpentine Sunflower. Properties of (a).
SIMABA,
Cedron. Aublet. Simaroubaceae. Trees Syn. Quassia, in part. vernacular, Guiana. and shrubs. About 15 species, tropical South America.
1863.
From
a.
S. Cedron (R. Br.) Planch. (Q. Cedron R. Br.), Columbia and (b) S. ferruginea St. Hil., Brazil. Cedron. Seeds, Cedron Rattlesnake' s-beans. Semen siraabje s. cedronis; Ger. seed. Cedronbohne, Cedronsamen; Fr. Cotyledon de cedron (Codex). Bitter, antidote to venom of serpents.
1854.
SIMARtJBA, Aubl. (Simarouba). From vernacular name of (a), Guiana.
bark and wood. See Picrasma. a.
S.
Simariibaceae.
Trees with bitter About 4 species, tropical America; 1 in U. S.
Guiana officinalis DC. Q. SimarubaL. f. ). Mountain Damson, Bitter Damson, Paradise tree, Guiana called Simaruba, in Martinique, Bois blanc. the root, Simaruba bark; Ger. Simarubarinde, Ruhrrinde;
amdra
Aubl. (S.
,
to Brazil. Paraiba; in
Bark
oj
bitter, tonic.
b.
S. glauca DC. (Q. glauca Spreng, S. officinalis Macf. not DC, West Indies and Central America. S. medicinalis Endl. ). Properties of (a). • Paradise tree; Fr. Simarouba (Codex).
SmM^NDSIA,
Simmondsia. Nutt. 1844. Buxaceae. Syn. Brocfor T. W. Simmonds, English naturalist. Evergreen shrub with acorn-like nuts. One chia, Mauri 1845. species, California.
1856.
Named
1866.
SIN APIS, L. (originally Sinapi). Mustard. The Greek name, from Celtic. Syn. Brassica,
in part.
Herbs of rank growth.
About 5
Criiciferae. Leucosinapis,
species,
southern
Europe. a.
S. dlba L. (L. alba Spach., B. alba Boiss. ). Europe and westWhite Mustard, Charlock, Kedlock, ern Asia, adv. in U. S. Senvre; Ger. Weisser Senf, Gelber Senf; Fr. Moutarde blanche (Codex); Sp. Mostaza bianco. Seeds, White or Yellow MusSeedtard-seed; Sinapis Alba, U. S. 1\, Sem. eruca; laxative. leaves used as salad.
1867.
SIPHONOGLdSSAjOersted. From Greek, "tube tongue".
Siphonoglossa. Acanthaceae. Suffrutescent plants.
4 species, Mexico and adjacent territory;
1858.
SIPHONYCHIA, Annual
U.
S.
herbs.
T.
& Gr.
About 4
1 in
U.
About
S.
Siphonychia.Caryophyllaceae. N. America; 3 in
species, western
SCIENTIFIC
AND POPULAR.
347
Honewort. Umbelliferae. SiSON, L. Ancient Greek name. A slender herb. One species, (a) S. Europe to Asia Minor; Honewort, Bastard Amomiiii] L., Seeds aromatic, used as a condiment. Stone-parsley.
1869.
Cruciferae. SISYMBRIUM, L. (Sysimbrium). Ancient Greek name of an allied plant. Syn. Erysimum, Annual or perennial herbs. Adans. Arabis, Braya, in part. About 50 species, widely distributed; 6 in^U. S.
1860.
,
;
Europe and northofficinale (L. ) Scop. (E. oflBcinale L. ) Hedge Mustard, Bank Cress, Hedgeern Asia, nat. in U. S. weed, California Mustard (locally), Lucifer-matches, Scrambling Rocket; Ger. Wilder Senf, Hederich; Fr. Erysimum, V^lar, Tortelle, Herbe aux chantres (Codex); Sp. Eresimo. Seeds pungent. Plant antiscorbutic, lithontriptic.
a. S.
.
SISYRIKCHIUM, L. 1753. Blue-eyed Grass. Iridaceae. Ancient Greek plant name. Syn Bermudiana, Adans. 1763. About 70 Perennial scapose herbs with grass-like leaves. species, New World; 10 in U. S.
1861.
a.
S, angustifolium Mill. (S. ancepsCav., S. mucronatumMichx. This with some other species has been B. graminifolia Medic. British America, erroneously referred to S. Bermudiana L. ). Common Blue-eyed south to Virginia, Kansas and Colorado. Grass, Pointed Blue-eyed Grass, Blue-grass*, Blue-eyed Lily, Blue-eyed Mary, Grass- flower, Pig-root, Rush Lily, Star-eyed Root acrid, cathartic. Grass.
SITILIAS,
Raf. 1836. False Dandelion. CIchoriaceae, unexplained. Syn. Pyrrhopappus (Kew), DC. 1838; Herbs with rather large Leontodon, Barkhausia, in part. heads of yellow flowers. Six known species. North America; 4 in U. S.
1862.
Name
1863.
SiUM,
Water Parsnip.
L.
Umbelliferae.
The Greek name
of a marsh plant, perhaps of Celtic origin. Perennial marsh herbs. About 8 species, north temperate zone and Africa; 3 in U. S. See Berula and Oxypolis. a.
b.
S. cicutaefolium Grael. (S. lineare Michx.,S. latifolium of American authors, not of Lin.). British America, south to Florida, Louisiana and California. American W^ater Parsnip, Wild Parsnip. The plant is said to have poisonous properties. S. latifolium* L.
Radix c.
sii palustris,
Europe.
R.
European W^ater Parsnip,
Root,
pastinacee aquaticae; poisonous.
Japan, China and Siberia, also cult. Skirret S. Sisarum L. (Skeryth, Skyryth, Skyrwort), Crummock; Ger. Zuckerwurzel; Root esculent. Fr. Sucrerot,
SMEL6wSK1A, C. A. Meyer. Smelowskia. Cruciferae. White-woolly alpine perennials. About 6 species, northern Asia and N. America; 3 in western U. S.
1864.
PLANT NAMES AND SYNONYMS
348
SMILAX,
1865.
Sarsaparilla, etc. Smilaceae* also of an Oak. Syn. Coprosraanthug, Perennial climbers, commonly shrubby. About 195 most abundant in tropical America and Asia; 18 in
L.
Greek name of Yew, in part. species,
U. a.
S.
S. dspera L.
par b.
ila,
Mediterranean region to India.
Rough Bindweed.
Italian Sarsa-
Properties of (e).
China L. Japan and eastern Asia. Rhizome, China-root, Radix (Rhizoma s. Tuber) Chinae; Ger. Chinawurzel, Pocken-
S.
wurzel, Cbinaknolle; Fr. Squine (Codex); alterative. c.
S. glycyphylla Smith. Australia. Botany Bay Tea, Sweet Tea. Boot alterative. Leaves used instead of tea.
herbacea L. (C. herbaceusKunth, S. pulverulenta Michx.), Canada and eastern U. S. Carrion-flower, American Jacob's-
d. S.
ladder. e.
Mexico. Mexican Sarsaparilla. medica Sch. & Cham. Source of the Vera Cruz and Tanapico Sarsaparilla. The word Sarsaparilla is from the Spanish, meaning "bramble-vine". Root [of this and (f)]; Sarsaparilla, U. S. P., Sarsse Radix
S.
Br.,
Radix sarsaparillae
8.
sarsae;Ger. Sarsaparille, Sassaparille,
Stechwindenwurzel, Sarsa; Fr. Salsepareille du Mexique (Codex); Sp. Zarzaparilla; alterative. f.
New Granada. Source of S. offlcindlis Humb. & Kunth. Jamaica Sarsaparilla (the only variety recognized in the British Pharmacopoeia), Red Sarsaparilla, Bearded Sarsaparilla.
See
(e).
papynicea Duham. Guiana to Brazil. This species yields a portion of the Brazilian Sarsaparilla (Rio Negro, Para or Lifc.bon Sarsaparilla), the exact botanical source of the several Other species which fiiniish varieties being not yet ascertained. medicinal sarsaparilla are (h) S. cordato-ovata Richard, (i) S. eucalyptifolia Kunth.; (j) S. orndta Hook. f. (k) S. scabriiiscula Kunth, and (1) S. syphilitica Kunth.
g. S.
;
Southeastern U. S. Bamboo Brier, m. S. Pseudo-China L. American China-root, False or Bastard China-root, Long-stalked Green-brier, Bull-brier. Rhizome alterative. The rhizome of (n) S. B6na-nox L. (S. hastata Willd., S. tamnoides A.
Gray, not L.
),
Bristly or Fiddle-shaped Green-brier,
is
also
used. 'S mixed with other
S.
seaweeds). Mediterranean Sea. Helminthocliorton, Corsican Moss, Corsican Worm-weed, Worm Moss, Crow-silk; Ger. Wurmmoos, Wurmtang, Seebusch; Fr. Mousse de Corse (Codex). Plant anthelmintic, resolvent. b.
S. compressus Agardh. agar.
1890.
SPHAEROSTIGMA, From Greek,
part.
1891.
One
of the geaweeds furnishing Agar-
See Eucheuma.
Herbs.
Primrose*. Onagraceae. Syn. Oenothera (Kew), in About 17 species in western U. S. Small.
''globe stigma".
SPHENOCLEA,Gaertn.l788.Sphenoclea.Cainpaimlaceae.
From Greek, "wedge pressed". Syu. Pongatium, Juss. Annual herb. One species, widely distributed (U. S. ). 1892.
Pink-root. SPIGELIA, L. Loganiaceae. Named for Adrian vonderSpigel, Belgian physician, d. 1825.
Herbs with red, yellow or purple New World; 6 in U. S. a.
1789.
flowers.
About 35
species,
Tropical America. Demerara Pink-root, S. Aiitll^lmia L. West India Pink-root, Brazilian Spigelia; Fr. Spig^Iie anthelrainth ique ( Codex ) Properties of ( b ) .
b.
New Jerspy to Florida, west to Texas and S. Marylandica L. Wisconsin. Indian Pink, Carolina Pink, Maryland Pink, Loricera||, Siarbloom. Worm-grass, Worm-weed; Ger. Marylandische Spi gel ie; Fr. Spigelie du Maryland. Roof, Pink-root; Spigelia, U. S. P., narcotic, used only as an anthelmintic.
SPILANTHES, Jacq. (Spflanthus). Compositae. From Greek, ''spot-tiower". Syn. Acmella. Annual or perennial herbs with rather small flower-heads. About 30 spe-
1893.
cies, mo:Jtly tropical; 1 in
a.
U. S.
South America (?), cult, in all tropical counS. olerdcea L. Para Cress; Ger. Parakresse; Fr. Cresson de Para (Cotries. 7.
a a
b k
Elephant 826. a Garnet 16*14. a Golden 47. a, 1898. b
Hen Hog
1875. c 1625. a
Honeysuckle
225. a
1652.
a
Arbol de hierro 1433. a Arbol de leche 315. b Arbor vitae 1992. b Arbousier 172 b Arbre a pain 1 88. a Arbre a suif 1375 b Arbiede Jud6e436. b Arbre de vie 1992. b Arbute tree 172. b *Arbutu8 1263 Arbutus, Trailing 754. a
Arceuthobium
Arekanuss
1715
Archangel 135. a Archangel, Black 230. a Archangel, Green 1242. b, e Archangel, Red 1132. c Archangel, Sweet 1132. c
177. a
*Arenaria 99, 1340, 2005 Arenaria rubra 2005. a Areng Palm 178. a *Aretbusa 1630
Argans
d
1451.
Argentill
a
65.
Argentina
A.rgentine)
(
1658. a,
b
Arghel (Argel)
1858. a
*Argorothamnia 692 *Aria 1875 Arillus myristicae 1377. b *Aiistolochia 5. a Aristolochia cava 372. c Aristolochia fabacea 372. c Aristolochia poly rrhiza 182. o Aristolochia so lida 372. a
Armeniaca
1668. c
*Armeria 1903 Armoise 187. s *Armoracia 1742 Armstrong 1641. d Arnberry 1750. h fArnica 19)9. a Arnica-bud 1163. a Arnicae tlores, etc 183. Arnika 181 a Arnique 183. a Arnotta
*Aplotaxis 1791
7:0, 957, 1074, 1076, 1257^ 14*3, 1661, 1697, 191l
Archangel. White 1132. a *Archangelica 135, 530 *Arctiemora 1479 ArchU 1150. b, 1739. a. b *Arctiodracon 1247 Arctostaphyli folia 176. b *Arctostaphylos 12oi *Arctous 1263 *Ardisia 1051 Areca-nut Palm 177. a *Areca 1464
a
266. a
Aro 18L. b *Aromia9 4 Aron 18^. a Aron, dreiblattriger 181. b *Aronia 96 Aronsiab (Aronwurz) 189. a Aronswurz, Indianische 181. b Arpent-weed 1824. c Arroche218. f
Arrow-beam
801. c
Arrow-grass 2033
Arrow-head 1762 Arrow-wood 1721. gr, 2095.i,k Arrow-wood, Indian 576. f, 8nl.
b
Arrow-wood, Maple-leaved 2095. h Arrowroot 1947. a Arrowroot, Brazilian 1276. b Arrowroot, Burmuda 1277. a Arrowroot, Canna 369. a, b Arrowioot, Chinese 1.391. b Arrowroot, East Indian 619. a Arrowroot, Florida 2H5. a Arrowroot, Portland 189.. a Arsenic, Wild
466. a, lo41. I
Arse-smart 1641. 1, o Arsmart, Codded 1057. c *Artanthe 1*2 Artemisa 187. s
Artemisia 802 Artemisiae herba Arthanite 625. a
187. s
a
NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Arthritica radix 1660. d Artichoke, Bur 631. b Artichoke, Jeiusalem 968. b Arum 189. a
Arum
181,541, 1528 1528
Arum
(indicuml
181.
b
Arum, Spotted 18v. a Arum, Three-leaved 181. b Arum Water H45 Anindinaria 232. j, k Asa dulcis ly29. a, 1^78. b Asa Gray a 1J3
Ass-ear 1937. a Ass'-foot 1602. i, j, 2053. a Assacu 10i,y. a Asses' eyes 136S, a ,
Golden 488 Heath 1184 Mountain 1451
Asaret 19 1. a
AsatumU.
Astragalus
Asafetida 828, a, b, f Asafoetida U. S P. 828. b Assai Palm 808. a 194. esp. f S. P. 194. a
195, 630. b Asclepiadis radix 630. b
Asclepiade
Asclepias 17, 196, 3^4, 6.30, 92^97^, 1626,2054 Asclepias, U. S P. 195. d
Rayless 299
169, 1017, 1464,
Ash, Poison 17:^. p Ash, Poison 469. a *Ash, Prickly Southern 170. f
Ash, Prickly, species 2136 Ash, Rim t22. a Ash, Sea, 170. t, 2136. o Ash, Spanish 1945. a Ash. Stinking 1681. a Ash, Sweet 148 c Ash, Trumpet 1964 a Ash, Wafer 1681. a Ash, Water 16. b Ash, White (herb) 48. a fAsh, White 469 a, 19tb. a Ash, Wild 187r> a, d Ash, Yellow 509. a Ash-of-Jerusaiem 1071. a, 1717. a
Ash- weed 48. a Ashwort ISn. k Asiminier 198 a Askutasquash 614. b Asp, Quaking 1652. i, j Asp, White 165-^. a Aspaghul seed 1611. e Asparagus 199 A8para>;us, Winter 1819. a AsPKN, species 16?2. a, i, j, k Asperge 199. a Asperule 2'-l. b Asphodel 1385. e Asphodel, Bastard 1. a Asphodel, Bog 1 Asphodel, False 2007. a Asphodel, Lancashire 1. a Asphodel, Scottish 2107. a Aspic 1145. b
Aspidium
712
Aspidium, U S. P. 712. b, c Aspidosperma, U. S. P.203.a
1638.
m
Baclin 26 . f Atocire 1 40. e *Atrfraa 264
Aulmoneys
d
1711. b, c,
1554
Aune 79 Aunee officinale
1721.
fBachelor's-buttons 174.
Atamasco 21 iO *Athanasia 1283 Athanasiag heiba 1957. a *Atherosperma 1142
a
Baccharis lti74, 1619 Ba«hbungen 2o94. c
I066, 18?4 Astrantise radix 1058. a Astrology 16 il. e
Atharaanta
7.
Baby-eyes 1395. a Baecae domesticae
Stokes' 1916. a White 695 White-topped 1854
Ash, species 845
bb
1638. c
Babies'-slippers 1638. c
Babur
Silver 488. a Stiff 1065. a
Atalantiamonophylla
1299
Babies'-breath 131. a, 863. f^ 935. a Babies'-feet (Babies' -toes)
Babinglon's-curse 1566. a Baboot 7. a Bab's-root 1679. e Babul (Babulah) 7. a
Ash. Biiter 1590. a +Ash, Bittei 801. b •j-Ash, Black Ifi. b Ash, Bhie 1945. a Ash, Floweiing 469. a Ash, Ground 4«. a, 135. a, c Ash, Hoop 4 Cocklebur, Thorny 2131. a Cockly bur 174. a. b Cocks 1611. b Cock's-head plant 1437. a Cock's-foot 166. b fCockscomb 1437. a Cockscomb, Yellow 1726 * Cock-weed 61. a Cocky-baby 189. a Cocoa 1984. a Cocoanut 529. b
Coeotier 529. b
Cod-head 463. a Codia 1497. d Codlins-and-cream Coelestina 57 Coffee 531. a
755.
»
ka
b
NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Mogdad
Coffee, Coffee,
396. i 396. i
Negro
Coffee nut 930. a Coffee, Coffee,
Soudan 53.3. a, 1503. a Swedish 208. a
Coffee trep, Araericao 930.a Coffee tree, California 1721. Coffee, Wild 2037. a Coffee-bean, Kentucky 930. Cognassier 628. a
Cohosh, Cohosh, Cohosh, Cohosh,
Black 497. a Blue 413. a
Red 27. b White 27. a Cohune Palm 220. a Coing 628. a Going du Bengale *Coinogyne 1092
a
Wild
1315. 589. b
CoUinsonie Collmarkraut
116.
888
Colocynth
505.
b
505.
1601. i Coloquinte 505. b Colt-herb 2053. a Colt's-tail 1174. a
a -f-Coltsfoot 855. a, 858 a Coltsfoot, False 194. a 205.3.
Coltsfoot, Sweet 1548 Coltsfoot, Water 1420. b *Colubrina 43
Colubrina radix 182. f Columbarige herba 2091. f Columbinae radix 1641. e
Columbine
166 urn bine. Feathered 1976. a, etc
Columbine, Tufted
1976. c
Columbo (Colombe) 1090. a Columbo, American 844. a Colum bo-wood 581, a
Coma Comb
303. b 324. b 304. a
1852.
species 1751
Cone-flower, Long-headed 1713, a Cone-flower, Prairie 1713. a Cone-flower, Purple 304 Conessi bark Kill Congo-root 1679. e *Coniothele 268 11.30
Couoclinium 802
Con&olida regalis 656. c Consolida Saracenica 1869. b Conjsoude grande 193r. a Consound 248. a, 1937. a Consound, King's 6.%. c
Consound, Middle 63. o Constancy 1824. j Consumption-weed 1696. d Consumptive's-weed 772. a Contrayerva 698. a, b Contraverva,
German
a 613. c
421
Coral-evergreen 1240. a Coral-root 568 Coral-root, Crested 1002 Coral-tree 784 *Carallocarpus 320. d Corassol 140. b, d, e Corazo Palm 220. a *Cordia 2085
Cordiceps 512] Cordylauthus 37 Coreopsis 263, 1982, 2092 Coriander (Coriandre)573. a Coriander, Koman 1411. b Coriariae fructus 338. a
Corme
1875. e Cork-tree 1704. s, t, u Corkscrew plant 936. b Cork- wood 11.56 a tCork-wood 1604. b
Cork-wood tree
Conquer-.John 1639. a *Conradia 1255 Consolida major 1937. a
630.
140. c
Corn, Amel 2040. d Corn, Broom 1876. b Corn, Chocolate 1876. b Corn Cockle 61 Corn, Coffee 1876. b Corn, Guinea 1876. b Corn, Heath 821. a Corn, Indian 214S. a Corn, Kafir 1876. b Corn, Parrot's 391. a Corn, St. Peter's 2040.C Corn, Saracen's 821. a fCorn, 'lurkey- 2148. a
Conval-lily 562. a *CoDvallaria 1639,2076
Corn-bind 56'>. a, 1641. h Corn-binks 423. c
Convolvulus
fCorn-bottle 423 c Corn-flower 423. c Corn-salad, Beaked 2078. b Corn-salad, European 2u78.a
308, 815, 1066,
13.56.
a
*Conyza 1062, 1683, 1834 Conyze 1062. b
Corn-smut
*Conyzella 1174 Cooch-(Cutch-) grass 60. a Cool-tankard 284. a Coolstock 303. e Coolweed 41. a Coolwort (White) 1997. a Coon-root 1773. a Coontee (Coontie) 2145. a
Cornel,
Copaiba
565
Copaiba (Copaiva) 565 *Copaifera 565 Copal, Chacaze 2013. a Capal, Copal, Copal, Copal, Copal, Copal, Copal,
Malabar 2086. a Mexican 73i. a West Indian 1036. a
Zanzibar 2013. a Topal-balsam 121C. b < opal-tree 2086. a Copalchi bark 6L6. f (Jopalm ~)6f). a Copal m tree 1210. b Copper-leaf 1696. d Coptida 567. b Coq desjardins
482. a 117.
Coque du Levant
Cornea
2o71.
a
877 species 576
h Cornelian tree 576. Coronilla 577 a Cornouiller i-76. b, f, h Cornstalk-weed 1657. c 1",
Cornwood 1682. b Coronaria 1236 Corozo nut lt84. a Corpse-plant 1356. a Cortex adstringens brasiliensis 1925. a *Corvisartia 1062 Corydails 2o2 Corydalfes 262. a Corydalis 372
Indian 208^i. a Jackass 2013. a Kauri 55. a
*Coprosmanthus 1865
Comb-flower 968. a, 304. b Comfrey 1937. a Comfrey, Middle 63. c Comfrey, Saracens' 1831 f Comfrey, Spotted 1692. a Comfrey, Wild 633. b *Commelina 993 Compass-plant 1125. e
Concombre
Cone-flower,
Convulsiou-weed
b
Colophony
Colza
*Condylocarpus 1832
Convulsion-root 1356. a
b Colombo Americana 844. a Colombo de Mariette 844. a Colombo wurzel 844. a
('.)i
1282. a
1444
u
*Colocynthis 505 Colocynthis, U. S. P.
Colt's-foot
Condurango
724. a
Conomon 61.3. a *Conostylis 1223
Cojote, Chili 614. a
Collomia
724. a
Concombre sauvage *Condalia 1720 Condiar 178. a
*Conocarpus 47.
*Colaria 533 Colchique 534. a Cold seeds 505. a, 613. a, c, 614. d, 1126. a Cole-rape 303. b Colework 303. e Colewort, Hare's 1871. b, c Coliander 573. a Colic-root 680. f, 194. a tColic-root 160. a, 1124. b, c Colic-weed 262. a tColic-weed 262. b, 372. b Colicwort 65. a CoUard (Collet) 303. e CoUard 1883. a Collard,
Concombre purgatif d'ane
Cory'dalis cava 372. c Corydalis solida 372. a
Corypha 566, I7.i7 Cosmea (Cosmus) 582 Cosso 941. a Cost (Costus) 482 a Cost, English 1957. a Costmary 482. a Costus dulcis 368. a Costus root 1791 Coto bark 1390. d tCoto bark 7u6. a
Colon a
Coquelicot 1497. c Coquelourde 1691 b Coquilla-nut 220 b Coral-and-pearl 27. b Coral-bean 1874. b Coral-bean, Larue 1457. a Coral-berry 1936. c
912. c
Cottagers 677. a COTToN 912 Cotton, Lavender 1777. a Cotton, Petty 904 Cotton, Wild 160. b, 195. C
Cotton-bush
1109.
b
Cotton-grass 774 Cotton-seed tree 226. a
GENERAL INDEX.
422 1652. c, 144. a, 121. a,
Cotton-tree 420.
Cotton-weed 6. a Cotton wood fCottonwood
a,
1
1652. c, d, e, f 1999. c
Cotylet 586. a
Couch-grass 60. a Couch-grass, Indian 376. a Couch-grass, Red 382. a
Coundi
oil
378.
b
Cough-root 2036. a Cough-root, CaliforniallQS b Cough-weed 1831. a Coughwort 2053. a Cou gourde 1126. a 320. b 147. a, 201. b, 688. a, b, 863. h Conmarouma bean 688. a,
Crab-weed
1641.
d
Crab's-claws 1641, n Crab's-eyes 4. a
Crabwood
tree 378. a *Cracca 310 Cracker berry 576. c Crackers 873. d Crain 830. a Crake- berry 570. a, 747. a Crake-feet 1450. d Crake-needles 1796. a Cranberry 1476. b
Cramp-bark 2095. d Cran de Bretagne 1742. a
Couleuvree
Coumarin
Cranberry, b
*Coumarouna 688 Courbari 1036
species 1476
Cranberrv, High-bush 2095.
d
Cranberry, Mountain
Courbaril 1036. a
Crest-marine
2075. p, 176. f
Courge potiron 614. b Courida 223. a Couronue de moine ]9o9. a Couronne deSaint-jeansl87.s Courtship-and-matrimon v^
2057. a
Cranberry, Rock 2075. p Cranberry, Upland 176. f Cranberry tree 2095. d. in Cianberry, White 468. a Craue-wiilow 428. a Crane's-berry 1476. a
Coutflt 2053. a
Cranesbill 883
Coventry-bells 362. d, f
Crap 821. a Crashes 1742. b Crassula major 1824. c
Cover-shame 1099. d Covey (Sweet) 777. b Cow-bell 1851. b Cow-berry 547. a, 1336. a, 1851. b, 2075. p Cow-grass 2032. f, j, 1641. d Cow-herb 2074. a Cow's-lick 320. b Cow-lily 355. a
Cow-mumble
1884. a
a
Cristalline 1316. a *Cristaria 1271
423.
d
b
*Crossopetalum 1372 Crosstoes 1227. a 685. a
Crossweed CrosEwort
176. f
Creeper4563. c, 1325. c Creeper, Trumpet 1964. a Creeper, Virginia 1514. a
1249. b, 802.
i
Cross wort. Golden 863. e *Crotalaria 234. *Croton 1267, 1780
Creeping-bur 1240. a Creeping-Charlie 894. a, 1824. a Creeping-Jack 1824. a Creeping-Jenny 1325. c 1240. a, b, 1149. a, 1824.
a
*Crockeria 1140 Crocklety-bur 174. a, b Crocodile 514. d, 1053. a fCrocus 754. a Crocus, Autumn 534. a Crocus, Autumnal 601. a Crocus, Meadow 534. a Crocus, Michaelmas 534. a Crocus, Prairie 1693. a Crocus, Purple 534. a Crocus, U. S. P. 601. a Crocus, Wild 1693. a
Cropweed
Cream-of-tartar tree 32
1334. a,
599.
Creyat 127. a Crinkle-root 660. a
Cross-flower 1638. p Cross-of-Jerusalem 1236. Cross -vine 265. b fCrossvine 1964. a
1711. c
Creashak
Cow-weed 148. c Cow-wheat 1296. a Cowbane 495. c, 1479. b Cowbane, Spotted 555. a Cowbind 320. b 55.
674. a Crawley, False 1684. a Crawley-root 568. a, b Crawnels 149. a
Cream-cups 1614 Cream-nut 257. a
1946. a
gum
Cravobaum
Crazy-Bet 355. a Crazy-weed 208. c, p
Cow-rattle 1236. a Cow-sinkin 1660. b Cow-tongue 621. a Cow-tree 315. b, 523,
Cowdie
*Crassuvium 321 Crataegus 96, 584, 997 *Crataeva 47
Crazy
148. c
Cow-medles 1796. a Cow-plant 1728. d Cow-poison 656. e
Cow-quake
Cress, Para 1893. a Cress, Penny 1989. a Cress, Peter's 599. a Cress, Purple 379. d Cress, Rock 167, 1908. a tCress, Rock 487. a Cress, Rocket 235. a Cress, St. Barbara's 235. a Cress, Spring 379. d Cress, Swine's 578. a Cress, Thale 1908. a Cress, Tower 167. c Cress, Wall 167, 1908. a Cress, Wart 578 Cress, Winter 235 Cress, Yellow 1711. c Cresson de fontaine, 1742. b Cresson de Para, 1893. a Cresson de roches, 487. a Cresson des pres, 379. c Cresson ee ;i;094. c
Crab-grass 1763. a Crab-stock 1269. a Crab-tree 1269, 378. a
b
Croton oil 606. h Crouper-bush 428. a Crow-bells 1808. a Crowbclls, Yellow 1385. a Crow-corn 68. a
Cowhage (Cowage) 1365
Creeping-sailor 1792. a
Crow-fig 1923. d
Co wish 1554. a Cowitch 1365. a
Creesy, species 1711 *Crematomia 294 Creosote bush 588. a
1236. d 747. a 479. a Crow-silk 1889. a Crow-soap 1781. a Crow-toe 660. b, 1227. a Crow-victuals 894. a Crow-berry 747, r,&. f, 1476.3
Cow's-tail 1174. a
Cow's-wort 1523. b Cowslip 1385. a tCowslip 133. g,355,a,1057.d, 1711. i, 2061. a Cowslip, American 693. a tCowslip, American 1314. a Cowslip, Bedlam 1692. a Cowslip, Bugloss 1692. a Cowslip, English 1660. d Cowslip, Cowslip, Cowslip, Cowslip, Cowslip,
French
-660.
a
Great 1660. b
Jerusalem
Mountain
1692. a 1660. a
Virginia 1314. a Cowslop 355. a Cowthwort, 1165. a
Coxcomb, Red 91. d Crab-apple, species 1269
+Crepis 1163 Crepitus lupi 1238. a (;ress,
Bank
1860.
a
Cress, Bastard 1989. a, 1168. c Cress, Belle-isle 235. b Cress, Bitter 379. esp.a,23r).a Cress, Butter 1711. c Cress, Cow 1168. c Cress, Field 1168. c Cress, French 235. a Cress, Garden 1168. e Cress, Indian 2044. a Cress, Lamb's 379. b Cress, Land 235. a, b, 379. b Cress, Leek 74. a Cress, Mouse-ear 1908 a Cress, Normandy 235. a
Crow-flower
Crow-Pea
Crow-poison
Crow-berry, Broom 570 Crowberrv, Plymouth 570. a
Crowd-weed
303. a, 1168. c
Crowdy
1824. a Crow^foot, species 1711. fCrowfoot 355. a, 660. b, 883. a, 1240. b, c, 1478 Crowfoot, Musk 46. a Crowfoot, Water 242 Crowfoot, White-flowered 133. a Crowfoot, Wood 133. g
Grown bark
498.
e
a
NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH NOT TO PAGE. Cundurango de platano
Crown-beard, Sunflower, 2091 b Crown-imperial 847. b Crowu-ol-the-lield Crow's-foot 149. a *Cruciata 863. e Crummock 1863. c *Cryptanthus 154
61.
730.
a *Cunila 960 Cup-plant 1852. b 730. b, 910.
*Cupameni
Cuprea bark 1716. a, b *Cupressus 453, 1962 Cuprose 1497. c Curasao 506. c, d Curaie 1923. g Curcuma, Ohio 1032. a
Cucklebur, Sea 2131. c
Cucklemoors 174. a, b Cuckold-dock 174. a, b a
1475. a Cuckoo-buds 1711. c Cuckoo-butLou 174. a, b Cuckoo-Hower 379. c, 1236. d, 1475.
Curdwort
i
Curlew-berry 747. a Curleck 303. a, 1712. a
Curly-head 514. e Curranbine 166 b.
Currant, fCurrant
species 1732 2108. e
Currant, Indian 1936. c Currant-leaf 1337. a Curry-leaf 449. a
*Cucubalus 1851
Cucumber, Bitter 505. b Cucumber, Creeping 1305. a Cucumber, Indian 1290. a Cucumber, One-seeded 1845 Cucumber, Snake 613. a Cucumber, Squirting 724. a Cucumber, Wild 1845.a,724.a
Cusso (Cousso) 941 Custard-apple 140. esp. d A e +Custard-apple 198. a, 383. a Cut-linger 2100. a Cut-heal 2077. c Cut-paper 316, a
Cucumber-root, Indian 1290. a Cucumber-tree 1262. a,c,d,e,
Cut-weed 849. b Cutch 7. b, j *Cyanus 423
222.
a
fCucumber-tree 1211. a CucLimis 505, 614, 1232 Cucumis agrestis 724. a
*Cyclach8ena 1079 *Cycloptera 3
*Cymbidium 568, 1200 Cyminum (Cuminum)
615.
Dog
etc. 248. 1658. g Horse 145. b Irish 1959. a Marsh 1903. a
Michaelmas i
Damasin (Damas) 1668. h Damiana 2052. a fDamiana 1074. a Dammar Damar) 55. b, c, d,
*Cynodon 376
Dammar, Agath
Cudbear
Cynoglosse
Dammar resin. Black *Dammara 55, 1666
Cudweed, species Cudweed 904, 886.
144 a
tCudweed 1150. b Cudweed, Childing 886. a Cudweed, Golden 1683. b Cukukskraut 879. c Culberdill 15. a Culilawan bark Culip 2049 Cullavine 166. b Culiay 1705. a
500. e
Culrage 1641.
633. a
45
Cyperus, Sweet
635.
*Cyphomandra
1867
d
Cyprip^de 636 Cypress, species 1962, 617 fCypress 63. a, 803. b, 1138. a, 1955 b
*Culletia 43 1
Culupa (Curuba)
(
2101
*Cynoglossum 1187 Cynorrhoda (Cynorrhodon) 1743. a Cynosbata 1743, a Cynosbati fungus 1743. a
Cynthia
1515. J
Culvt^rkeys 1660. d Culver's-physic 1171. a Culver's-root 1171. a Culver wort 1G6. b
Cumin (Cummin) 615. Cumin, Black 1411. b Cumin de pres 392. b
a
Cypress, Cypress, Cypress, Cypress, Cypress, Cypress, Cypress, ( I
Curaiu, Sweet 1595. a
Caminura nigrum 1411. b Cundurango 1282. a Cundurango bianco 167? a
Belvidere 1109. c 1109. c Field 63. a
Brown
Flowering 1955. b Heath 1240. d
Summer Yellow
1. £ Devii's-posy 76. b Devil's-rattlebox 1851. b DeA^il's-root 1794. c, 1459. Dcvil's-shoestrings 590. d Devil's-snuflbox 1238. a Devil's-tether 1641. h Devil's-tongue 1449. a
e
(549 b,
*Daucus 1886 Daucus de Crete
Davernoya
212.
»
39
Daw
651.
Devil's-walkin^stick 62. b Devll's-weed 1125. a
a
Day -berry ^ *Davenia 224
i732.
Devil-wood
i
Dew-cup
1470.
65.
b
species 1132
Dhak
Diagrydium
Dead-tongue 1427. a Dead wort 1771. c Deal, American i601. q Deal, European I6ul. r Death-come-quickly 883. b Death cup 90. b Deathin 495. c, 1427. c Death's-herb 2J9. a Death-of-man 495. b Deer-balls 737. a Deer-berry 1336. a, 870. b,
*Dianihera llol *Dianthus 2051
n
Deer-wood
""Dieteria
1101
a, 785.
b
1252
Dill 134 tDill 51. a, 839.
t
a
Deii's-spoons 72,
a, 1657. a
Dill-weed 145. b
Dendrocalamus
232 d
Dillidillweed 145. ^ Dilly 134. a, 1385. 3 Diliy, Wild 1334. o
*Dens-leonis 1959 Deniariae radix 115. a
p.
Spatter 1420. a
Sweet 1641. e Velvet 2090. b. 1062. a
521. a
Digitale pourpree 677, Dika Bread 1069. a
1472. a
Deor's-tongue 2035.
1480.
Dock, Dock, Dock, Dock,
*Diapensia 1700 Diapensia; herba 1775. f *Diaperia 832 *Dicentra ^62 *Dichaeta 227 *Dicketoslenimn 311 *Dichopsis 1490 *Dicliptera 665, 1101 *DicJytra (Dielytra) 26^
Deer-foot 302. a Deer-grass 1724. a Deer- vine 1207. a
Dog-berry tree 576. i. Dog-blow 482. e Dog-bur 633. a, b Dog-buttons 1923. d
145.
b
Dog-fennel 206, c Dog-fennel, False 720. a Dog- mint 520. d •f
Dog-poison 51. a Dogs-aud-catp 2032. c Dog'h-bane, Climbing 1544.a Dog's-dinner 1026, b Dog's-finger 677. a Dog's-mouth 151. a Dog's-rib 1611. b
*Dimeresia 762 Dindle 1959. a, 1871. 9 *Diodonta 263
Dog-toes 144. b Dog's-tongue 633.
Dermophylla
*Diosma 236
Dog-tree
J
ion 1959. a
414, 2021 radix 2021. a
Dermophyllae Descurainia 1873
*Diotis 805
Devil-in-a-busb 1411, a. 1501 a Devil's-apple 649. b, c Devil's-apron 1131. n
*Dipherocarpus 1400 *DipIopappus 106? Diptam (Diptame) 1456.1 Diptamwurzel 673. a *Dipteracanthus 1752 *Diplogon 488 *Diplopappus 488, 695
Devil' s-bit 455. a^ 1124. a, b.
Dirty-Dick 464.a
Desman thU3 31 Desmodium 1294
68. a
Devil 's-bite 2089. b Devil's-bones 680 i Devil's-claw 1284. a Devil's-claws 1711. Divi-divi 338. a Diviladner 1946. c
Dock, species
1753
Dock, Batter 1548. a Dock, Butter (Butterflv)
Dollar-leaf 1696. d
Domba
oil 353. a
Dompte-venin 630. t *Donia 918, 1661 Donkey's-eyes 1365. 8 Donkey's-oats 1753. a Donnerkraut 1830. a
Donnerwurzel
1548. a
Dock. Can
1420.
b,d
1052. a,
372. c
Doon-head-clock 1959. a
b a
)
NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. 1641.
d
Doorn-boom.7. h Doratophora 699 *Doria i869 Dornapfel 649.
Dudder-grass
b, c
40.
*Doroaicum 183, 768 Doronicum germanicuua
Dudgeon 333. a Dulcamara 1867
183. a Dosten (brauner) 14^6. d Dosten, kretischer 1456. a
Dulse
Dother 620 Double-claw 1284 a DoubJe-tooth 263.
f
Doum (Doom) Palm Doundake bark Doura 1503. a Dove's-dung
1044. a 1784. a
1867. j 943. a, b 1787. a,
Dur-bottle 423. d
Durchwachsdost 802. i Durchwachskraut 327. a Durian 719. a
1458. a
Durra (Doura)
a
778, 1406
b
167. a Dusty-miller 1831. d, 1660.a.
1236. c
1883.
*Draco 703. *Dracoceplialum
Dutch-cheese 1270 a
Dutch-mice 1141. j Dutchman's-breeches 262. b Dutchman's-laudanum
418. 1292,
1581
*Dracontium 1883 Dracontium minus 189. a Dragge (Drake) 1220. a
Dragon-head, False 1581. a Dragon-root 181. a, 189 a Dragon-tree 703. a Dragon wort 1641. e Dragunbeifuss 187. e 703
Drake' s-feet 1450. d Drank (Dravick) 1220. a 61. a Dreiblatt 1310. a
Drawk
Dreifaltigkeitskraut 2102. f
*Drejera 137 Drias 1978. a
Droke 1220. a Droopwort 1895. a Drop-berry 1639. b. c Drops-of-snow 133. g Dropsy plant 1302. a Dropwort 1895. a Dropwort, False 1479. a Dropwort. Hemlock 1427.
a.
Dwale
219. a, 1867. j Dway berry 219. a Dye-leaves 1938. a, 1053. i Dye-weed 881. a Dyer's-weed 1717. a, 1869.f.g
Dyschoriste 352 Dysentery-root
1655. a.b
Drumheads
1638. k Drumstick 423. d Drumstick tree 409. b
1137. b 1137. b.
Eagle-wood 165. a Ear-drops 262 Ear-jewel 1057. a, d Earning-grass 1599. a Earth-apple 968. b Earth-ball 2047. Earth-club 558. a Earth-gall 783. a, 1446. a 2089. b Earth-nut559.
a, 635. b, 168.a
Eiche
1704.
Eichelkaffee 1704. q 210.6. a Eichhornia, (Eichornia) 1586 Eihhornwurzel 68. a
Eichenmistel
Eisenhut
25.
i
2091. f Eiserig 1048. a Eiskraut 1316. a Einbeere 1501. a Eker 1742. b
El Kellah 98. a Elseagnus 1166 Elaeocarpus 2086 Elaeodendron 835
Elaphrium
330
Elder, Bishop's 48. a Elder, Box 16. b Elder, Dog 48. a Elder, Dwarf 170. b, 48. a Elder, Ground 135. a Elder, Marsh 1079. 2095. d Elder, Poison 1730. p,1771.f Elder, Red or Rose 2095, d Elder, Southern Prickly 170. f Elder, Water 2095. d Elder, White 209 i. d Elder, Wild 170. b Elder-roob (Elder-rob) 1771. e
Eatonella 1157 Eaver 1220. a Ebenier 681. a, c
Faux
Eberesche Eberraute
641. 1875. d.
a
187. a Eberwurz 384. a Ebony 681. a, e fEbony 1608. d
Duck's-foot
Echinocactus 1224 Echinocystis 729, 1325
a
635. j 1963. a
Easter-flower 1693. a, b Easter-ledges 1641. e
*Ebulum
65. h, 1625.
Elbe
Elatiue 740 Elbocarpus 434 Elder, species 1771
Drunkards 355. a. 870. b Drunkwort 1410. b Dubock 758. a Duck-retter 2089. b Ducks 636. a, etc Duck's-meat 1159
Ehuawa
Eibisch 87 a
Earth-smoke 850. a Easteningwort 1794. a Easter-bell 83. b
Ebony, False 641. a Ebony, Mountain 243. b
1220. a
,
m
Egg-plant 1867. k fEgg-plant 1936. b Eggs-and-baoon 1385. d 1 227. a Eglantier, sauvage 1743. a Eglantine (Eglantei*) I74.s,f Eglantine, Twisied 1222. b Egrimoine, (Egramounde) 59. a Egriot 1668. g Ehrenpreis 2094. f
Eisenkraut, (Eisenhart)
904. c
fibenicr, c,
1479.
Dropwort, Western
b
1356. a
Easter-magients 1641. e Eat-berry 1732. i
1479.
Dropwort, Water 1427.
182.
jDutchman's-pipe
Dysentery-weed
Dragon-head 704
Egg, Vegetable 1867. k Egg-berry ( Eck- berry
Ehretia 294
1515. b
Dutchman' s-pipe
Dragon, Biting 187. e Dragon, Brown 181. b Dragon, Great 189. a Dragon's-blood 703. a, 1682.a tDragon's-blood 883. b Dragon' s-claws 568. a 'Dragon' s-mouth 151. a, 179 a Dragon' s-tongue 466. a
Eel-grass 2158. a, 2081. a Eel-grass, Green 242. a Efstridge 1767. a
,
Dustv-husband
521
Drachenwiirz, stinkende
Drunk
1876.
1427. c
Edelgarbe 18. c Edelschafgarbe 18. c Edeltanne 2. f Edelweiss 1164. a
16»'8.
1
Diirrwurz 1062. b Duscle 1867. o
*Dowiiingia 281
Drakaina
Edge weed b
Dumerelia 1541 Dunaaiia 1073 Dunche-down 2055. a Duqwat 769. a
Down -weed
Draba
Eddoes, (Eddos, Edders) 541. a Eddoes, Blue 2135. a Eddoes, Nut 2135. a
Dulcamara
Durlitze 576.
Dracaena
a
Dumb-watches
Dove's-foot 166. b Down-hill-of-life 1249. a 886.
425
tpuckmeat 2123, 2114 Echinospermum 1137 Duckmeat, Tropical 1606. ft Echinus 1267 Duckweed 1159 Echites 85, 2012 Duckweed, Greater 1896. a Ecorce de Geoftree 2110. b,c Duckweed, Tropical 1606. a Edder's-tougue 14-15
Door-weed (Door-grass)
Eldin 1548. a
1771
Eberreiskraut fichalote 76. a
187.
a
Echidiocarya 1609
Echinacea
304.
Elecampane
1062.
a
Election-posies 403. a, etc. Elgmi 365. a
Elemi, African 2S9. b Elemi, Brazilian 1606. c Elemi. Manila 365. a
#
f
GENERAL INDEX.
426 Elemi, Mexican 738. a Elemi, Oriental 289. b Elephantenlause 1829. a Elephant's-ear 245 Elephant' s-foot 741 Elephant' s-trunk 15i84. a Eleven-o'clock-lady 1458. a Ellhorn 1771. e Elfwort 1062. a *Elichrysiun 969 Elk-bark 1262. d, f Elk-nut 1698. a Elk-tree 1477. a 262. d 1771. e Ellar (Ellarne) 1771. e
Elk-wood Ellanwood
1
Erdbrod 625. a Erdnuss 168. a Erdrauch 850. a Erdscheibe 625. a Erdschwefel 1240. a Ergot 512. a
*Eritrichium
*Erysimum
Eryngo
species 2058 2085
Esparraguera
1566, 2022 Elsenich 1554. d Elshinder 1866. a
Endive, Green 1125. Endivie 494. b
f
f
g
Eugelsiiss 1643. a 135.
a
*Ensete 1367 *Enslenia 104 Enulae radix 1062. a
Enzian 882 Enzian, ostindischer 19 }3. a Enzian, weisser 1139. a Epheu. amerikanischer 1514. a
Epheu igemeiner)
961.
a
Epiaire 1900 fipicea 2. a *Epifagus 1170 *Epilobium 456
Ettle 2067. e
Faham (Faam)
Faitour's-grass 803. c Fall-flower 206. f Fall-poison 479. a Fallkraut 183. a Fame-flower 1953. b
Fancy
Eupatoire des Grecs 59. a Eupatoire perfoli6e 802. i Eupalorium, U. S. P. 802.
i
758. 758.
968. b 172. b
Erdartisehocke
a
136.
2102. f
Fiirberginster 881. a Farberrothe 1749. a
*Eupatorium 537, 1117, 2119 Euphorbium, P. G. 803. n Euphraise 804. a Euphrasia 1425 Euphrasy 804. a *Euryangium 828 *Euryanthe 102 *Eurybia 1431
Fiirbersaflor 391. a Farfarae folia 2053. a Farkle berry 2075. a Farmer's-ruin 1884. a
*Eustylis 1394
Father-of-heath 765. c *Fatsia 170. d, 728
*Eutoca 1557 *Euxolus 91 Evans-root 885. b
*Evax
Ever-bramble
*Farnesia
Faulbaum
1750.
7.
d
492. a, b Fat-hen 218. e, 464. a, d, g |Fat-hen 187. s, 329. a
Farnhaar
1668.
m,
1721.
g
Faverel 778. a Faverole 345. a Fay berry 1732. i Feaberry 1732. i
832, 989
g
Ever-fern 1643. a Ever-green 1824. c
Feather-leaf, Indian 1992. 1^
Ever-white 121. a Evergreen, Bunch 1240. c Evergreen, Christmas 1825.
Feather-tree 583. b
Feather-weed 904. a Featherfew 482. f Featherfoil 1021
1240. e
species 144
Everlasting 832, 904, 969.
a,
b
Everlasting, Pearly 121. a Everlasting-grass 1437. a
a
Eve's-cup
1787. a,
Febrifuge plant 482. Federharz 1001. a *Fcdia 2078 Feige, indische 1449.
1792. b, 1824. o
Equisteum majus Equisetum minus Erdapfel 968. b
Erdbeerbaum
118, 491, 1086,1594 S. P. 801. b
b
s:
a
1356.
Eucalyptus, U. S. P. 790. c Eucalyptusblatter 790. c
Everlasting,
a
Erdbeere 842
Fairy-smoke
Evergreen, Trailing
fipine vinette 251. e *Epiphegus 1170 158.
Fairy-table 1033 Fairy-ihimbles 677. a
b
*Eugeufa
*Endodeca 182 *EnemioQ 1077
Eppich
Fairy-fingers 677. a
Euonymus, U. *Euosmus 250
1704. e 494. a
fipurge 803.
i
a
Enchanter's herb 2091.
1^8.
Fairy-cap 677. a Fairy-cheeses 1270. a Fairy-circle 1099. b Fairy-creeper 42. a Fairy-cup 1337. a
a
fithuse 51. a 1099.
d,
f
Essigrose 1743. d Estragon i87. e
570
*Encelia 966
Enemy
f
Etnach
*Elytrospermuni 1809 *Emblica 1575 *Eraerus 577 Emetic-root SOS. a
Engelwurz
Fairies'-horse 1831. Fairies' -table 53. a Fairy-bells 677. a
*Espeletia 231
Espen 1652
Elshinder, Stinking 1831. El uteri ae cortex 606. b *Elytraria 2048
Encino Endive
199.
18.
b
Fair-maid»(-of-February) 857. a Fair-maids-of-Kei't 1711. b.
724. a Esparcette 1437. a
Elodea
289.
1711.
*Erythrina 1052 Erythroxyli folia 787. a Esche 845 Escherwurzel 673. a
b
f
b
Feigenbaum
831. a Feigenranunkel 830. a
Feist (Foist) 1238. a
Eve's-darniiiff-needle 2144. Eve' s-t bread 2144. a, f,976.b *Evodia 789
Feldcupresse 63. a l^oldgarbe 18. a
Ewe
Feldkumraelkraut
1963. a
i
2136.
Fair-maid-of-France
74, 235, 561,
Eseldistel 1440. a Eselsgurke (Eselskiirbiss)
a
Elm, Corkwood 714. b Elm, Water 1610 Elm-bark 2058. e, f
Encens
781
1860, 1873
Elm, ftastard or False 422. a Elm, California Slippery
Fabariae herba 1824. c Fabes (Feabes, Fapes ) 1732.. Face-in-hood 25. i
*Fagara 2136 *Fagarastrum *Fagus 400. b
1856. a 1017, 1160, 2096
*Ervum
240. c
*Empetrum
Faba calabarica 1582. a Faba febrifuga 1923. b Faba marina 751. a
77, 1453, 1619
Ellen (Ellet) 1771. e Eller 79 *Ellisia 795, 1256, 1395
846.
116. a, 804. a, 1217. b, 1356. a, 2094. ds
*Eriophyllum 29
Erlenbaum 79 Erucae semen
Elm, fElm
Eye-bright
fEye-bright 707. a, 1022. a Eye-bright, Red 1425. a Eyehright, Spotted 803. h, j Eye-root (Eye-balui) 1032. a Eye wort h04. a Ezob 1048. a
Ergot, Corn 2071. a Ergot de mais 2071. a *Erica 350 *Erigeron 1174, 1619 Erigeron, Canada 1174. a *Eriocaulou 1122 *Eriodendron 420 *Eriogynia 1231
Ellem (Elmen, Elven) 2058. d
Elloopa
*Excfle€»ria 928, 1780 Exile-tree 1988. a 1066. 1, m'
*Exogonium
I'eldkamille 1285. a 1994.
a
.
c
b
a
c a a
a
NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Feldminze
1308. a
Feldraute 850. a Feldrose 1497.
Feldthymian
1994. a a, 974. b 187. s, 1005. f
Felon-grass 1058.
Felon-herb
Felon-weed mil. f Felon wort 1058. a, 1867.
j,
462. a Feltrike 783. a
Feltwort 2090. b Felwort 882. b Female-dragon 345. a Female-regulator 1831. a
Femble
Hemp
(P'imble)
370. a Fen-berry 1476. Fen-rue 1976. b Fenchel 839. a Fenchelholz 1788. a Feni greci semen 2034. a Fenigreek 2034. a Fennel 839. a Fennel, Dog 802. d Fennel, Sea 599. a Fennel, Water 1427. c Fennel-flower 1411. a, b Fenouil 839. a Fenouil d'eau 1427. c Fenouil faux 1978. a Fenouil puant 134. a Fenugrec (Fenugrek) 2034. Fenugreek (Fenugreek)
2034. a
Fern, Adder's 1445 tFern, Adder's 1643. a Fern, Basket 712. b Fern, Beech 1561. a Fern, Black-oak 204. a Fern, Bottle 640. a Fern, Bristle 2028 Fern, Brittle 640. a Fern, Caterpillar 1814. a Fern, Chain 2126 Fern, Christmas 712. a Fern, Cinnamon 1471. a Fern, Climbing 1244. a Fern, Ditch 1471. b Fern, Female 204. b, 712. e Fern, Filmy 2028 Fern, P'inger 1814. a Fern, Flower-cup 2125 Fern, Flowering 1471 Fern, Fragrant 712. e Fern, Gold 931 Fern, Hare's-foot 2028. a Fern, Hartford 1244. a Fern, Holly 712. a Fern, King 1471. b Fern, Lace 461. a Fern, Lady 204. b Fern, Male 712. b Fern, Marsh 712. e Fern, Meadow 712. e |Fern, Meadow 551. a, 1375. c
Fern, Fern, Fern, Fern, Fern, Fern, Fern, Fern, Fern, Fern, Fern,
Moss 1643. a Oak 1561. b Ostrich 1438. b Paisley 1957. a Petty 204. a Quill 712. e
Regal Royal
Rue
1471. 1471 204. c
.
b b
Scale (Scaly) 441. a
Scented 1957. a
Seaweed
Fern, Fern, Fern, Fern,
1814. a
Sensitive 1488. a Shield 712 Shruby (Fern busli 551. a Fern, Silver 931 Fern, Snake 1471. b, 18N. a Fern, Swamp 712. e Fern, Sweet 551. a TFern, Sweet 1378. a Fern, Tree 492, 622 TFern, Tree 1471. b Fern, Wall 1643. a Fern, Water 434 Fern, White-oak 640. a Fern, Windsor 1244. a Fern, Wood 712. c, d, 1643. Fern-gale 551. a i
Feronia
47
Feronia gum 826. a Ferry, Sweet 551. a
Ferula
1178, 1193, 1447, 15.-4
Fetid-shrub 198. a Fetter-bush 1592. b Fetter-foe 482. f Fetthenne (Fette
Henne)
1824. c
Fcve Feve Feve Feve
1390. a,
1367. c 1449. a 1784. a Devil's 180. b Diamond 1316. a Hottentot's 1316. b Indian 1449. a, b Wild 523. a Figue de Barbarie 1449. Figuier 831. a
Barbary Country
FiGWORT,
Fir, Douglas 1674. a Fir, Ground 1240. f Fir, Joint 752 Fir, Red 1674. a Fir, Scotch 1601. r F^r, Yellow 1674. a Fir-rape 1046. a, 1170. a Fire-balls 1236. b
species 1820
*Filago 886 Filaree 777. a Filberd (Filbeard) 579. c Filbert 579. c
b
b
760. a, 1174. a,
649. b, c, 1125.a,.
l"i8h-poi.son 590. b, c, 50. l''ish-wood 801. a
d
Fitch, Medick 1437. a of Scripture 1411, b Fit-root 1356. a Five-finger 1658. c, f, 1514.a Five-finger, Marsh 547. a Five-fingered root 1427. a Five-finjiCrs 14v
Ginger, Garden 673. a
1792. a
(jeranium. Turnpike 464. e Gerard, Herb 48. a *Gerardia 52, 647 Gerardia, Bushy 647. a Geratacaca 317 a (jerberst ranch 574. a
Germander,
Gilbkraut 881. a Gilbwurzel 619. c, d
990.
Geranium, Rose 1526. b, c Geranium, Spotted 883. a Geranium, Strawberry
i
Gift-Sumac 1730. h Giftwende 630. b Giftwurz 630. b Giftwurzel 698. a, b Giftwutherich 495. c *Gigalobium 751 *Gigantabies 1832 *Gigantochloa 232, o
species 882 fGentian, Blue 1070
1792. a
a
h
1730.
Giftheil 619. e Gift- Jasmin 878, a Gift -Lattich 1125. f
Gentian,
Indian
b
613. c
*Genista 641, 1882 Genistae flores 641. b Genson 2037. a
Geranium, species 1526,883 *Geranium 777 Geranium, Beefsteak 1792. a Geranium, Feather 464. e Geranium, Fox 883. b
Gartenthymian 1994. b Garth, Garden 1168 e
Gauchheii
Giflbaum
a
Genepi blanc 18. b Genet k balais 641. b Genevrier commun 1099. b Genip tree 880. a Genipap (Genipapo) 880. a Genipi vrai 187. h Genipp, weisser 187. h Genippkraiiter 18. b
Geranium, Geranium, Geranium, Geranium,
861.
d
Ghost-flower 1356. a Giant tree 1832. b Gichtbeere 1732. e Gichtrose 1488. b Gichtrube 320. b
m
Gartenkerbel 148. b Garten lattich 1125. d Gartenlauch 76. e Garten r ante 1756. a Gartensalad 1125. d
1450.
Gherkin (Gerkin)
a
*Geoflfraea (GeoflFroya) Georgia bark 1597. a
Garou 644. a Garrqbo 432. a
Gaude
Gethsemane
Gewiirz, englisches 1594. b Gewiirzuelkeu 796. a
Gelsemie 878. a Gem-fruit 1997. a 183.
1634. c
Gesundheitskrauter
Gelbkrauc 1717. a Gelbsuchtwurzel 619, c Gilbwurz, kanadisches 103:i.
Gertwurz 187. a Gervao 2079. a Geschwurwurzel Geslings 1764. e Gesse 1141. i
Geiger tree 2085. d Geisblatt 1222. a Geisraute 860. a Geissbart 2057. a Gelbbeeren 1721. h
2037. a
Garlicwort 74. a Garnet-berry 1732. h
1668. e, 1732.
182. e
Geckdor 863
Gentian, White 1139.
Garlic, Crow 76. j Garlic, Cow 76. j Garlic, Field 76. j Garlic, Hedge 74 Garlic, Hog's 76. h Garlic, Meadow 76. b Garlic, Rush 76. f Garlic shrub 265. a Garlic, Wild 76. b, j Garlic, Wood 1973. "e
Gaskins
Gebiirmutterswurzel
Horse 2037. a Gentian, Snake 1381. c Gentian, Spurred 1969. a
Garlic (Garlete) 76. e fGarlic 1973. e Garlic, Bear's 76. b Garlic, Clive 76. f.
*Gasteria 80. g *Gatesia 2143 Gatten 801. c, 2095. d Gatteridge 801. c
Gerste 1019
Grentian,
59. a Garden-gate 2102. f Garden-plague 48. a Gardener's-eye 1236. Garentoquen 1493. b Garget 1585. b Garget root 974. a
ftl.
*Geroe 966
b
1"
Gentian, Fringed
Garclive
Gartenschierling
a,
1638. c
Gayuba 176. Gean 1668. e
Gemsbhnne
b, 1 867. a
7.
(iamboge, American 2106.
Gambogia
Gay-feather 1124.
Gay-wings
429
species 1973
Germander, Wall 1973. b Germander, Wild 1973. f Germandree aquatique 1973. e
Germandr^e Chamuedrys
Gintjer,
Green
187. s
Ginger, Indian 194. a Ginger, Wild 194. a, e tGinger, Wild 182. b Ginger-grass 129. a, d Ginger-leaf 763. a Ginger-plant 1957. a Ginger-sauce 1753. a
Gingerbread tree
1044. a,
1500. a Gingili 1837. a
Gingko tree 889. a Ginseng 1493. a, b
1973 b CJermandree maritime] 973.
Ginseng
(iernier.^griiner 2089. bj 2089. a
Ginseng, Blue 413. a Ginseng, Horse 2037. a
Germer, weisser
1493
GENERAIi INDEX.
430 Ginseng, White 2037 a Ginseng, Yellow ilS. a
Golden-locks, Jamaica
Giroflier 796. a *Gisopteris 1244 Gith (Git) 1411. b
Golden-rod, Bushy 809. b Golden-rod, False 300 Golden-rod, Fragrant 809 Golden-rod, Ravltss 476, 489 Golden-rod, Flap-top 809. b Golden-seal 1032. a fGolden-seal 2076. a Golden-shower 641. a, 409. b Golden-star 488. a Golden-tuft 1683 b Goldenpert 914. c Goldicup 1711. c GoldilocKs 1649. a. 1711. e Golding 344. a Goldmilz 487. a
Gith {Gye) 61. a Glaciale 1316. a Glaieul bleu 1068. g Glance 893. a
Glandes quercus 704. q *Grandularia 2091 Glaskraut 1499. a Glasschmalz 1763 Glasswort 1767. b 1
Glasswort, Common 1763. a Glasswort, .Tointed 1763 a Glasswort, Prickly 1767. a Glidewort 861. a *Gleditschia 89.5
*Glehnia 1562
Glenn-weed Globe-berry
Globe-aower
Golden-rod,
Goldregeu Goldruthe
641. a i
1168. c 1963. a 2043. a,
Gocnme ammoniaque b
Gomme arabique Gomme-gutte
Glockenblume 166. b, 362. b Glockenwurzel 1062. a Gloden 968. a
*Gomphocarpus
*Gloiopeltis 877. b
Gloryless
46. a Glosen 881. a Glouteron 174. a,
b
Glouteron, Petit 2131. b *Glyce 1112 *Glyclne 4, a, 157, 823, 1115, 1731
Glycyrrhiza hispanica 902.b
Gnadenkraut
914. a flores 144. a 121, 144, 886,
*Gnaphalium
1164, 1683 Gnavelle 1810. a
Go-to-bed-at-noon 2016. b Goa powder 2110. a Goapulver 2110. a Goat-leaf 1222. a Goat's-beard 45, 190 Goat's-beard, False 207. a Goat's-beard, Purple 2artsease 2102 f
1471. b 1693. a Harvest-bells 882. g
Haselwurz 194 f Hasenklee 1475. a Hasenohr 327. a Hasenpappelkraut
He-Oak
*Helenium 964
641. a
He-Holly 1053. a He-Huckleberry
977 a
35H, 425, 6.54,
1013
1636 1514
*Hemizonella 951
Hederae gummi 961. a Hederich 1860. a
Hemlock, fHemlock
Hedge-bedstraw
Hemlock, Creeping 1963. c Hemlock, Dwarf 1963. c Hemlock, Lesser 51. a Hemlock, Mountain 2046. b» Hemlock, Poison 555. a fHemlock, Poison 495. b Hemlock, Small 5'. a
863. f Hedge-bells 563. a, c Hedge-burs, Wild 863. Hedge-hog 1796. a
a
species 2046 135. a
Haw, Possum 2095. 1, 1053. Haw, Shawnee 2095. 1 Hawk-berry 1668. e
Hedge-hyssop 1350 Hedge-maids 894. a fHedge-mustard 1873. a
Hawk-feet
Hedge-neitle 1900. a
Hemlock, Water
Hedge-peak
Hemlock, Water 1427 Hemlock, Wild 495. b
166.
b
Hawk-nut 559. a Hawkbit 1005 tHawkbit 1163
Hawkweed 1C05 Haws 221. a Hawthorn, species Hawthorn, Laurel Hay-hove 894. a
174S. a
Hedge-picks 1668. q Hedge-plant 2011. a Hedge-tapcf 20«('. b Hedge-thorn 592. a, d
Hawk's-beard 594 592
997. a
a,.
2094. f
Heil-aller-Welt 59. a Heiligegeistwurzel 135. a
Heilkraut 982. b Heinrich, guter 464. d Helenii radix 1062. a
Heart's-pansv 2102.
Hartshorn bush Hartshorn-plant
Harz, burgunder
He-Broom
fHeart's-ease 1641. Heart' s-ear 1641. n
Hart's-eye 1516. a Hart's-lhorn 1721. d Hart's-tongue 1814. a
69.
Heil-aller-Schaden 1775.
Heart-weed 1641. n Hearts 1475. a
Hart's-balls 737. a
Harvesi-lice
Heideckerwurzel 1658. g Heidelbeere 2075. a Hell 101. e
Hazel nut 579 Hazelwort 194. f tHe-Balsam 1587. b
Harbinger-of-spring Hard-iron 218. e
49, 1179, 1294,
1679
b a
2058. e
861. a
Han-Ke 1598. a Hanger 1131. a *Haplopappus 10,
174. a,
1205.
787. a Hazel, Black 1472. a Hazel, Snapping 944. a Hazel, Witch 944. a tHazel, Witch 1875. d,
1724. a
Hanf, canadischer
Harebur
2()1.
Haycocks
*Hedysarum
a
8P4.
Hay-plant
Hayo
a
Handsome Harry Hanf 370. a Hanfnessel
b
Hedge-weed 1860. a *Heayosmos 616 *Hedyotes 1429 Hedyotis 1022
495
Hemlock-chervil 148. a Hemlock-spruce, False 1674 Hemlock-tree 2046 a, 1674.b
Hemlock tree, Western 2046. b
Hemony
Hemp
59.
370. a
a
b
a
NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Hemp, Albany 2068. a Hemp, American IGO. b tHemp, American 6. a tHemp, Bastard 802.c,861.a Hemp, 13engal or Bombay 605. a
Herba impia 886. a Herbe k, gternuer 18. d Herbe k fievre 802. i Herbe h la ouate 195. c Herbe a I'hiroudelle 462. a Herbe au citron 1302. a Herbe au diable 1620. b, c Herbe aux chantres 1860. a Herbe aux charpentiers 18. Heibe aux gueux 514. d Herbe au scorbut f27. a Herbtf aux vers 1957. a Herbe de Str. Barbe 235. a Herbe parfaite 802. i
Hemp, Bowstiing 33 tHemp, Bowstring 354. a Hemp, Canadian 160. b Hemp, Colorado 1838. a Hemp, Indian 370. a tHemp, Indian 6. a Hemp, Indian, Black 160. b Hemp, Madras 605 a * Herbert ia 81 Hemp, Manila 13^7. e Hemp, New Zealand l.'^73. a Herbstzeitlose 534. a Hercules' All-heal 1447. a Hemp, Queensland 1847. a Hercules'-club 170. f, 2136. Hemp, Sisal 56. b Herehoune 2181. a Hemp, Sunn 605. a Herlitze 576. h Hemp, Water 24 Hermodactyls 534. b Hemp, Wild 95. b, 861. a Hemp-Nettle, species 861 Heron' s-bill 777 Hemp-tree Hempwt-ed
2119.
a Hen-and-chickens 248. a tHen-and-chickens 166. b Hen-plant 1611. b, c 1041
Henbane, Yellow 1578. f 1041. b Henbit 280 a Henbit (Greater) 1132. b Henbit, Small 2094. i Henequen (Henequin) 56. b
Hen bell
Henkam
1041. b 1148. a Hens 2102. b Hen's-bill 1437. a
2034 a
b
Hickory, Eucalyptus Hieble 1771. c
Hepatica nobilis 981. b Hepatica stellata 201. b Hepatique 981. b Herb Barbara 235. a Heib Bennet 885. d, ;39,.b
Knotenwurz Kuoterich
1820. 1641. e
Knotweed,
species 1641
Kockelskorner *Koenigia 1254
117.
Kohl 303. e Kohl rabi 303 e Kohlbaumrinde Kohlsaataol
3(i3.
Kokospalm
52H.
1641.
378.
615. a
b
Kurkuma 619. c, d Kurung (Kurunj) 859. Kuskus 129. f Labdanum (Ladanum) 863.
a
Lakmos
b
1150.
Lakritzenholz 503
Lamb-iakins
902. 189. a
b
Lamb-hly 2007. a Lamb-succory 184
i
Laburnum 641. a 'Laburnum 6 11 Laburnum, White 1738. a Laburnum, Wild 1300. b
2110. b, c
Lac (Lacca, Lack)
b b
331. a, 606. a, 831. c, e, g, 1841. b Lac tree 1804. a Lacca musica 1150. b Lace-bark tree 1128. a Lace-but ion 768. a Lace-Fern 461. a
1090. a 505. b
1968
Laiche 382. a Laiteron 1871. b Laitue officinal 11-25. d Laitue vireuse 1125. f Lake- weed 1611. b
1126. a Kiirbissaraen 614. d
Labkraut
Lady's-smock 379. c Lady'a-thimble 36'^ b *Lagophylla 1016
Lagothamnus
b
Kurbis
*LablaTia 1121
butter 867. b Kola 533. a Kolikwurzel 160. a
Koloquinten
1
a
Kokum
Kolimbnwurzel
Kundah
392.
Kuteera gum 1912. d Kutera gum 528. a
b
Kuotweed, Biting Knotwort 1641. d
Lady's-shoes 166. b Lady's-shoes-and stockings 1227. a Lady's-slipper 1227. u fLady's-slippers 166. b
1522
Kuchenschelle
Knobweed
b
Lady's-ruffles 833 Lady's-seal 1639. c,d, 1956.a
1453
a
74.
83.
Lady's-mantle 65 Lady's-milk 1280. a Lady's-ueedlework 411. a Lady's-purs'e 329. a
Krummholzol 1601. m Krynitzkia 77, 608, 764,
b
Knoblauch 76. e Knoblauchkraut
1227. a Lady's-garters 1750. g Lady's-glove 1062. b, 1227. a Lady's-hair 40. a
*Krigia 1835
Knauel, wilde *Knautia 17y4
53l».
Lady's-delight 2102. f Lady's-fingers 149. a,1141.d,
Kreuzdorn 1721. d Kreuzkraut 1831. g Kreuzwurz 1638. a Kriechenpflaume 1668. q
tKnap-boitle 1851. b
Ladies'-glove 677. a; Ladies'-laces 1559. a Ladies' mantle 65 Ladies'-nighteap 563. c Ladies'-pocket 1057. d Ladiks-supper, species 636 fLadies' -slipper 1638. c Ladies' slipper, Wild 1057. a, d Ladies' thimble 677. a Ladies'-tresses 936 Lady-fingers 677. a Lady-by-the-gate 1781. a Lady-never-fade 121. a
Lady-wrack 849. b Lady's-comb 1796. a
Krebsdistel 1440. a Krebswurz 1170. a Kreuzblume 1638. a
734
a,
1639. c
Krauseminze 1308 d Kraut-weed 303. a, 1712. a
497. a Kiatschrose 1497. c Klebkraut 863. a Kleebaum 1681. a •Kleinia 1092 Kletienwurzel 174. a
IKnapweed
Ladies'-bower 514. d Ladies'-cushion 1903. a Ladies'-eardrop 1057. d
Kraftwurzel
Kiss-me-quick 803 b Kiss-me-quick-and-go Kisses (Kiss-mei 2l02
Knapweed
Ladder-to-heaven 1634.
Kornblume
Kousso (Kooso, Kusso) b
Kisky-Thomas nut 1004
Knap
Lace-pod 1996
Lachenknoblauch 1973. e *Lachnanthus 937 Lacuiua 1150. b Lacquer tree 1730. o Lactucarium 1125. d, f, g Lad-savour 187. a
Korbelkraut 1378. a Koriandersamen 573. a 423. c Kornel 576. b, f Kornelkirsche 576.
526.
437
Lace-flower 651. a Lace-leaf 164. a
Koontee 2145. a Koosumbia 1804. a Koot (Koost) 1791. a
tree 1682. e
Kino, West Indian Kipper-nut 559. a Kiroche 1668. c Kirschlorbeer 1668. Ki.vkatom 1004
Knackaway
KOT TO PAGE.
Konigeu der Nacht 438. a Kouigsfarrn 1471, b Konigskerze 2090. b Kouker tree 50. b
Kino, Bengal 331. a Kino, Botany Bay 790. e, f, g, h Kino, Brazilian 827. a Kino, Caracas 526. b Kino de I'lnde 1682. c Kino, Gambia 1682. b Kino, Jamaica 526. b Kino, Palas 331. a
Kino
I»ARAGftAt»H,
Kombe 1919. a Konigschina 498. a
7. a, f, f,
Lamb-sucklings 2032. g Lamb's-foot 1611. c, 65. b Lamb's-lettuce 1611. d Lamb's-quarters 464.a,218.e fLamb's-quarters 2036. a Lamb's-tail 1240. a, 1764. e Lanib's-tongue 785. b, 1308. a, 1611. d, 1814. a 149. a Lainier 1132. a Lamluaire digitSe 1131. a
Lamb's-toes
•Lamium
1939
GENERAL INDEX.
438 Lammint 1308. g, j Lampourde 2131. b Lampwick 1568. c Lana gossypii
912. c
Lanariae radix 1935. b Lang-de-beef 284. a Langue de boeuf (Langdebeef) 1591.
b
Langue de cbien
633. a
Lautar (Lontar) Palm
178.
a
Lantern-leaves 1711. h Lanugo gossypii 912. c Lap-love 563. a Lapathi radix 1753. e
P. 174.
Larcbenschwamm
a,
b
1644.
1205.
d
a
m
Lattice-leaf 164. a
d
Laurel, Alexandrian 353. a Laurel, American 1103. d Laurel, Bay 1144. a Laurel, Big 1728. d Laurel, Big-leaf 1728. d Laurel, Black 911. a Laurel, Califoruia 2059. a Laurel, Camphor 500. b Laurel, Cherry- 1668. f, i Laurel, Copse 644. b Laurel, Deer 1728. d Laurel, Dog 1189. a Laurel, Dwarf 1103. a Laurel, Florida 1938. a Laurel, Great 1728. d Laurel, Ground 754. a Laurel, Hairy 1103. c Laurel, Horse 1728. d Laurel, Lady 644. b Laurel, Mountain 1103. d,
d fLaurel, Mountain 2059. a Laurel, Noble 1 144. a 1728.
1403.
1113. b 1728. d, 1103.d,
a
Laurel, Sassafras 2059. a Laurel, Sheep 1103. a, b Laurel, Small 1103. d,1262.f Laurel, Spurge 644. b, 1 103.d Laurel, Swamp 911. a, llOS.b,
b Laurel, Sweet 1262.
1055. a
879. a
*Lepachvs 1713 *Lepidanthus 126 *Lepidium 1030
*Lepigonum 2005 Leptandra, U. S. *Leptanthus 993
P. 1171. a
*Leptocaulis 156, 1886 *Leptoglottis 1361 *Leptoseris 1265 *Lepurandra 150
Lerchenklaue 656. c Lettuce, species 1125 Lettuce, Canker 1696. d Lettuce, Hare's 1871. b, c Lettuce, Indian 1696. d,
a
1145.
Lavender,
1190. a
Laurel, Pale Laurel, Rose
a
193.
species 1145
482. a 1202. a, c Lavender-thrift 1202. a Laverocks 1475. a Lavola bark 1055. c Lavose 1190. a Lawyers 1743. a
Lavender, Sea
Laserwort 1139 Latherwort 1781. a Lathyris major 803. g 1601.
d
Laiisesamen
fLavender
Laser (cyreniacum) 1978. b Laserkraut 1139. a Laserpitium germanicum
76.
Laiisepfeffer 656.
Lavandel
Larrabell 968. a Larrea 683 Laser 1139. a
Laucb
d
193. a, 666.
Lavande commune 1145. a Lavande officinale 1145. a Lavande triste 1202. c
Laricis cortex 1138. b Lark-heel 666. c Lark's-claw 656. c fLark's-heel 2044. a Larkspur, species 656
Latschenol
*Leptocliuium 866 1424,
Lausekraut 1523
Lappula hepatica 59. a Lapper-gowan 2043. a Laque 606. a Laque bleu 1150. b Larch, species 1138 fLarch 2. e Larcheurinde 1138. b
fLarkspur
Laurocerasus 1668. i Laurose 1403. a *Laurus 250, 500, 1266, Laiisekornei
*Lappa 174 S.
Leopard-flower
1546, 1788 Laus-tibi 1385. e
*LapoTtea 2068 Lappa, U.
Laurel, White 1262. f Laurel, Winter 1668. f Laurel, Wood 644. b, 1103. d Laurestine 2u95. n Laurier commun 1144. a Laurier rose 1403. a Laurier-benzoin 250. a Laurier-cerise 1668. i
*Layia 269 Laylock 1945 Lead plant 103. a Leadvvort, species 1620 Leaf-cup, species 1642 Leather-bush 689. a
844. a, 513. e
Lettuce, Lamb'
2078. a, b,
,9
d
1611.
Lettuce, Liverwort 1696. d Lettuce, Spanish 513. e Lettuce, Water 1606. a Lettuce, White 1381. a, b, c Lettuce, Wild 112.5. a, f fLettuce, Wild 1696. d *Leucanthemua3 482 *Leucopsidium 155 Leucosinapis 1856
Levant-nut 117. a Lever-wood (Leaver-wood) 689. a, 1472. aj
Leather-flower 514. g, h Leather-jacket 790. x Leather-leaf 454. a
Levers 1881 Levose 1190. a *Lewisia 1452 Lewte 1439. a Liane k Tail 265. a Liatris 388, 866, 1124, 2035
Leatherwood
*Libanotis 212
Lebeusbaum Leberblume Leberklette
689, 637 1992. b 981. b
59.
Libi-dibi (Libi-divi) 338. a *Libidibia 338 *Licaria 674 *Lichen 442 Lichen, Archil 1150,
a
Leberkraut 981. b Leche de popa 1334. d Lectiminga 1959. a Lcchee 1400. b Leechwort 1611. b Leek 76. d Leek, Leek, Leek, Leek, Leek,
Crow
1808.
French
76.
Ledon Lehua
1153. 1321.
76. g,
h
b
Lichwort
a d
Sour 1753. b Three-seeded
WUd
1739. a,
I' Islande 442 a Lichen, Manna, 1150. a Lichwale 1214. a, c
Lichen
1499. a Lickorice (Lickerice) 902. b 76.
g
b a
*Leighia 966 Leindotter 361. a
Licorice, species 902 Licorice Indian 4. a Licovice,
Wild
4. a, 208.
tLicorice,
863.
170. c,
1439. a
Licorice-weed 1810. a
Leiukraut
1205. a Leiusamen 1208. b
Lide-lily 1385. a
*Leiophyllum 657
Liebfrauenstroh
*Lemna 1896 Lemon 506. e, i, h Lemon, Ground 1625. a Lemon Monarda 1348. c
Liebstcickel 1190 a
Lemon, Persian 1201. a Lemon, Vegetable 613. a Lemon, Wild 1625. a Lemon-grass 129. b, d *Lemotrys 1701 Leng 2017. b
d,
c,
e
Wild
Lieber'sche Kniuter 861. b 8G3.
i
Lief (LiflF) 1:.^32. a Lierre terrestre 894. a Life-everlastii'g 904. a
*Life-everlasiiug 121. a
Life-of-man
170. e, 676, a,
1824. c
Life-plant 321. a Life-root 1&31. a
fLight-wood
7. i
Ligu-aloes 165.
a, 674.
a
Lentil 1160. a Lentisk (Lentiscus) 1605. a *Leontiee 413 *Leontodon 153, 1862, 1959
j-Lign-aloes 813. a Ligu-aloes, Mexican 330. b Lignum benedictum 919.a,b
835. a Leopard' s-bane 183 tLeopards'-bane 1501. a
Lignum coeruleum
Leopard tree
Lignum campechianum 940.
a 940. a
b
b
c
NUMBEBS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Lignum muscarum 1590. a Lignum muscicidum 1590. a Lignum nephriticum 1360. a Lignum pavanum 1788. a Lignum sanctum 919, a, b Lignum yitae 919. a, b fLlgnum vitae 2107. b Lignum vitae, Australian V Ligustici radix 1190. a Lilac, species 1945 Lilac, African 1299. b 790.
Lily, species 1196
Atamasco 2150. a Beaver 1420. a 92.
a
879, a Bull-head 1420. a
f
Cow 1420. a Daffodel 2150. a
Lily, Day 976 Lily, Dog 1420. a tLily, Easter 1385. a, 2150. a Lily, Ethiopian 2147. a Lily, Fairv 2150. a Lily, Flag' 1068. g Lily, Flax 1573. a Lily, Frog 1420. a Lily, Great Yellow 1391. a Lily, Green 847. a Lily, Ground 2036. a Lily, Gunebo 1309. a Lily, Hedge- 563. c Lily, Horse 1420. a' Lilv, Jamestown 649. b, c Lily, Lamb 2007. a Lilv, Lemon 976. b Lily, Liver 1068. g Lily, Lotus 1391 Lilv, Mariposa 351. c Lily, May 562. a Lily, Mound 2144. d Lily, Newyears 1385. f
Northern
1639. c
Lithewort 1771. c *Lithonia 966
Lithophragma *Lithospermum
521. a, 1696. a, 2061.
a
1214.
Lily-pod, Little 302. a Lily-thorn 407 Liiixa bark 498. c
Lima-wood
338.
521. a
Lily, Park 562. a Lily, Plantain 851. b Lily, pond, species 399.1420 Lilv, Prairie 564, 1309. a Lily, Rush 1861. a Lilv, Snake 1068. g Lilv, Spider 1037 tLily, Spider 2014. a Lilv, Spring 785. a Lily, Straw 2073. b Lilv, Swamp 2150. a Lilv, Toad 399 b, c, 513. d Lilv, Trinitv 2036. c Lily, Trout "785. b Lilv, Trumpet 2147. a Lilv, Water 399 Lilv, Water (yellow) 1420 Lily, Wild 189. a Lily, Wood f62. a, 2036. b,c
1966
109, 1442 Lithy-tree 2095. j Lithywale (Littlewale)
Wild
*Litchi 1400
Litmus
b
Lime, Ogeechee 1421. b Lime, Sour 506. a, b, h Lime, Sweet 506. h Lime, Wild 2136. f, 1201. b Lime-berry 2038 a Lime-tree, species 1999 Limewort Catchfly 1851. a *Limnanthes 1197 935, 2004 506. i Limonilla 1589. a
Lily, day, species 851
Lily,
716 Lis blanc 1196. p *Lisianthus 807, 878 *Lithagrosiis 532
*Limodorum
Butterfly 351. c Calla 2147. a
Chinese Sacred 1385. Clinton's 521. a Corn- 563. a
"
Liriosma
'2061. a
tLily 597 Lily, African 2147. a
Belladonna Blackberry
a
Lily-of-the-Nile 2147. a Lilv-of-the-valley 562. a Lilv-of-the-vallev, False Lily-of-the-valley,
Lilac, California 415. c Lilac, Indian 1127. c, 1299.b Lilac, Summer 990. a Lilac tree 1299. b Lilac, Victorian 950. a Lillie-riall 1308. h
Lily, Lily, Lily, Lilv, Lily, Lily, Lily, Lily, Lily, Lily, Lily, Lily,
Lilv, Yellow 785. b, 1385. Lily-bell 351. a, b
Lily-bind 563. c Lily-grass 189. a Lily-oak 1945' Liiv -of-the-mountains
439
Liquiritia 902 Liquorice, See Licorice Liriconfancy 562. a
1160.
b
Litschi (Li'tchi) 1400. b Litsea 1266, 2059 *Littanella 1215 Little-boy' s-breeches 262. b Little-good 803. d
Little-washerwoman
1022.
Liveche 1190. a Liver-berry 1918
Limonie
Liver-leaf, species 981 Liver-weed 981. b
*Limonium
tLiverwort 69. a, 981. b Liverwort, Heart 981. b Liverwort, Noble 981. b Liverwort, Three-leaved
1903 *Limosella 1350 Lin (Linn, Line, Linde) 1999
Lin, Semence de 1208. b
Lin de
la 1573.
981.
Nouvelle Zelande a
Linaire commune 1205. a *Linaria 629, 740 Lind, White 1999. a, c
b
Liverwort, Water 242. a
Liverwort, White 1505. a Lizard's-tail 1790. a, I602.ij
Llewellyn 2094. f Loaves-of-bread 1041. b Lobe-berry 526. b
Linden, species 1999 Lindenbluthen 1999. b
Lobelia, species 1217
Lemon
a
*I,indera 250, 1378 Lindernia 1056
Lobelia,
Ling (Links)
*Lobelienkraut 1217. b Loblolly tree 1604. b *Lobularia 1112
Lockin-gowan 2043. a Loco-weed 208. c, p fLoco-weed 605. d. Locust, species 1738
Ling, Draw- 774 Ling, Pull- 774 Ling, Silver 1649. a Ling, Wire 747. a
Locust, African 1503. a Locust, Black 895. b Locust, Honey 895. b ^Locust, Honey 1664. a,
Ling-berry 2075. p 1682
Lingua cervina 1814 a Lingwort 2089. a
1738.
*Linoseris 1074 *Linosyris 489, 1169 1208.
Lint (Lin) 1208. Lint, Fairy 1208. a Lint, Laverock's 1208. a Lint-bells 1208. b Lion's-ear 1165. a Lion's-foot 65. b, 1164. a, 1381. a,
b
Lion's-heart 1581. a Lion'8-leaf 1162. a
Lion's-mouth
151. a, 677.
a
Lion's-snap 151. a Lion's-tail 1165 Lion's-tooth 1163. a, 1959. a Lip-fern 461 *Liparis 1176 Lippia Mexicana 1209. a
*Liquidambar 551
a
Locust, River 103. b Locust, South American 1036. a Locust, Swamp 890. a Locust, Sweet 895. b Locust, Thorn 895. b Locust, Water 895. a Locust, Yellow 509. a Locust-berry 334. a Locust-bloom 1999. b Locust-plant 396. e Locust-tree 432. a, 1738 *Locusta 2078 Loflelkraut 527. a
Linn, Black 1262. a Linn, Yellow 1262. a
Linseed
1302.
Lobelie en flee 1217. b
2017. b tLing 1955. b, 2056. a Ling, Bell 765. b Ling, Black 350. a Ling, Crow 350. a, 765. b
Lingoum
a
Live-forever 1824. c, d Live-long 1824. c, 121. a
Loggerheads _423. d 940"! a
Logwood
*Loiseleuria 452 Lokao 1721. e, f
Lolch 1220. a London-basket 885. d *London-lace 1559. a London-pride 669. b, 1781. a London-tuft 664. b
ba
ba
GENERAL INDEX.
440 Loflg-beard 2001. a LoDg-purples 1250. a, 1450.d
Longan 1400. c Lougshucbs 1601. Longwort 115. b
Swamp
a,
652. a
Tufted 1388
*Lophanthu9 54 Lophiocarpus 1225 Lopseed 1574 Loqiiat 769. a
189.
181. b,
Lotus 422. b Lotus, Egyptian 1391. b Lotus, Honey 1300. a Lotus, Indian 1391. b Lotus odoratus 2032. d Lotus, Sacred 1391. b 681. c, e
Lotus, Water 1391. a Lotwurz 1441. a
Louse-berry tree 801. Louse-bur 2131. b
LousEWORT, Lousewort
e
species 1523
260. a, 647. a,
656. d Lovage 1190 Lovajie, American
11^3. a
Lovage. Scotch 1193. c Lovage, Water 1427. a
Love-bind 514. d Love-entangle 1824. a Love-entangled 514. d Love-grove 1395. b
Lovely-bleeding 91. a, b, d Lover' s-pride 1641. n Lover's-steps 1220. a Low Bella 1217. b
Lowellia 1993
Lowenmaul Lowenmtul, Lowenzahn
a grosses 151. a i959. a i20.5.
Lowries, Sturdy
644. b Loxa bark 498. d, e Lucerne 1291. d fLucerue 1294. a, 1437. a Lucerne, Sweet 1300. a Lucerne, Yellow 1291. b Lucifer 1291. d Lucif r-matches 1860. a *Ludwigia 1072, 1100, 1230
Luiaa
1669
Lukwati
769. a
c
f
Mahogany, Australian 790.p Mahogany, Bastard 790. p Mabogany, East Indian 417. b, 1879. a
Mahogany, Mahojany, Mahogany, 1248. b Mahogany, Mahogany, Mahogany. Mahogany,
False 1546. a Forest 790. y Horseflesh
Indian
417.
Kentucky Mountain
930.
Mahogany, Eed 790. y Mahogauy, Swamp 790.
1028. a Lupulus 1028.
Mahogany, White
Lupus
a,
tree 889. a Maidf-n'.s-hoDesty 514. d
Maiden's-tears 1851. b Maiden's-ruin 187. a Maid's-hair 863. a, i Maid'8-love 187. a
Lysimachia 1388, 1901 Lysimaque 1249 *Lythrum 652, 1511
Maiglocken 562 a Maile (Maire) 89. a
Mairan 145
Macary-bitter 1961. a Mace (Macis) 1377. b Mache 2078. a 2011
219. a 649. b, c
Maize-ihorn
Majoran 803.
d
138, 9 1, 12 9
Madness (Madnep) 982. a Madrono (Madrona) 17 2 Madu-nut 623. a Madwort 361. a, 1112. a Madwort, German 200 Mafura (Mafurra) tree Magell 644. c
a, c
b
423.
Majoe-bitter 1961. a
Madder, Field 1840. a Madder, Indian 1429. a Madder, Wild S63 f. g Madeira-nut 1096. d Madeira-wood 1934. a Maden-weed 145. b Maderwort 187. b
Mafureira 2026
5.
Mais. Filament de 2148. a Maisbrand 2071. a Maise 145. b Maispistille 2148. a Maize 2148. a Maize, Water 2097. a Maize-smut 2071. a
Macropiper 1320 Macrotys 497
2026. a
2057. a
species 40
Maidenhair
*Lysanthe 917
Madia
a
tMaidenhair 468. a, 885. b Maidenhair, Black 204. a Maidenhair, English 204. d Maidenhair, Golden 16 »9. a t-Maideuhair, Golden 1643. a Maidenhair, White 204. c
Lyre-tree 12 U. a
Mad-apple
562.
Maidenhair,
1238. a
Mad
790. z
Maid-of-the-meadow Maid-sweet 2057. a
2104
*Lycoperdon 737 Lycoperdon-nuts 737. a Lycopode 1240. a *Lycopodium 1825 *Lygodesmia 1689 *Lyonia 2139
-172,
z
tree 1934. a
(
Maiblume
Lycope 1242 Lycoperde des bouviers
*Maclura
Mahogany
Mahonia 251. d Mahwa Mahwah) 240. b Maianthemum 2061
a
salictarius 1028. a
Lurkey-dish 1308. h Lustwort 707. a
Luzula 1097 Lychnis 61.
b
Irish 79. a
261. b, 437
1235
Mad-dog weed 72. a Mad-nep 1516. a Mad-weed 1821. c Mad-woman's-milk Madar 854. a Madder 1749. a TMHdder 14.5. b
b
1314.
Maguey plant P6. Maharanga 1441 Mahogaui 1934 jMahogany 1730.
a
706.
1262
Lupine, False 1985 Lupuline (Lupulite) 1028. a Luputinum (Lupulina)
Love-me
Love's-test 144.
lOOS.e
Lungwort, French 1005. e Lungwort, Golden 1005. e Lungwort, Sea 1623. a Lungwort. Smooth 1314. a Lungwort, Tree 1314. a Lungwort, Virginia 1314. a
Ma"caja buiter 529. a
Love-peas 4. a Love-tree 436. b Love-vine 620
h
Lungwort,Bullock's 2090. Lungwort Cow's or Clown's 2090. b
Love-in-a-chain 1824. b Love-in-a-mist 1411. a, 1515. a Love-in-a-puzzle 1411. a Love-in-idleness 2102. f Love-in-winter 466. b Love-lies-bleeding 91. a, b,d Love-lies-bleeding 44. b Love-man 86:?. a 1373. a
1005.
Lungenkraut 1692 a Lungenkraut, gelbes Lungwort 1692 Lungwort, American
Lupine (Lupin)
a
Lot-tree 1875. c Lote tree 2155. b
Lotus tree 2155. b,
Maghet 482. f Magnolia, species
Lungenhabichtkraut
Loosestrife 1249, 1250 fLoosestrife 1904 Loosestrife, False 1072. 1229
Lor beer 1144. a Lords -and-! adies
Magellanicus cortex a
Lunary 290. a, 1231. a Lung-yen 1400. c
a
*Lonicera 676, 1936 Loofa (Louff) 1232. a
Loosestrife, Loosestrife,
*Luma 118 Lumbang nut 69. Lunanaea 533
1456. c,
Majorana
d
1456
Make-beggar 1761. a Make-peace 2fil. a Makebale 1634. a Malabar-nut 39. a Malabathri folia (cortex) f.00. g Malacca nut 1829. a
Malachodendron 1924 Malagueto de montana 2103 a
Malambo bark
606.
Male Fern
d
712.
d
Male-fern, Buckhorn 1471. Malice 1270. a ]\lalicoriura cortex 1694. a
Mallamak Mallcf tree
Mallow,
1066. e 790. t
species 1270 87 iMallow [allow, False 1271. a
^
a
NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Mallow, Glade 1384 Mallow, Globe 1888, 1848 Mallow. ludiau 6. a, 1847, 2065. a
Mallow, Jew's 569. b Mallow, Marsh- 87. a Mallow, Musk 1003. a Mallow, Poppy 348 Mallow, Rose 1003. d, e Mallow, Sea 1146. a Mallow, Swamp 1003. e Mallow, Water 1003. e Mallow, Tree 1146. a Mallow, Venice 1(X)3. i Mallow, White 87. a Mallygowl 344. a Maltese-cross 1236, b *Malva 348, 1271
Malva arborea Malva vulgaris Malvaviscus
87.
87.
Mammee
140. 1228.
Maple, Sugar
b Maple, Vine Maple-flower
a
1306. a 248. a
1058. a, 209. a
Masterwort, Wild
*Mandioca 1276 Mandrake, (American) a 189. a, 1956. a European 1274. False 320. b Round 891. b Wild 1625. a,
501. a 946. a Manjrabeira rubber 946, a *viangas (Manga) 1275 Mangel-wurzel 259. a Mangle 1829. a Manglier 1727. a Mango 1275. a
Mangaba (Manguva)
tMango 867. c, 1069. a Mango, Mountain 523. a Mangostan (Mangosline)
c
Matico 1602. a IMatico 802. f,
Mangrove, Black 223. a Mangrove, Olive 223. a
Ma
Matricaria
557.
a
a
Mani 13i2, a Manicou '/19. a
c
a
961.
Mauerpfefter 1824, a
Maul (Maws) 1270. a Maulbeerbaum 1364. b
Mauve
b
1739.
f
1270. a, b, c
Maw-seed 1497. d Mawroll 1281. a *Maximowiczia 1050 May 167. a, 2058 d
Mav, 614. b,
Italian 1895. b May-apple 1625 May-blob 3r,'>. a May-blossom 502. a May bush 592. a May-rtower 7.-4. a, 51H.
Marsh-beetle 2055. a 1476.
b
a
a, b,
133, b,j,379. 0,1693. a
1940. a
Mav-pops
b
Marsh-berry
Mauerepheu
Mauritius-weed
880. a 1228. a
Marrubium foetidum 230. Marrubium nigrum 230. a b
Mattenkraut 1153. f Maudlin 482, a Maudlin, Water 802. Maudlin wort 482. e
Mausdoin 1755. a Mau^eohrcheu 1005.
Marrube blanc 1281. a Marubenoir (fetide) 230. a Marrub'astrum 1165. c Marrubii aquatici Herba 1242.
c
Matrisilva 201. b
1546. c a,
223.
115. b, 482
Matrimony 1234. a Matrimony vine 1237.
f, j
row, Vegetable
b
d
Matricaire 482. f
Marjoram, Sweet 1456. c Marjoram, Winter 1456. d Mark-weed 1730. h Markerry 464. d, 1730 h Maiking-nut 1829. a Marie 1318. a
Marool 33. a Marronier 400
7.
*Matonia 742 *Matourea 1350
Marjolaine 1456. c joram, Knotted 1456. c Marjoram, Pot 1456. d. fMarjoram, Spanish 2067. c
Marmalade-box Marmalade trte
2113.
Maticobliitter 1602. a
Matitas
Marjerira 14n6. d
Mangrove 1727. a plan grove 526. b
1276.
Maihas, Red 44. b 145. b
Mat felon (Mater-filon) 423. d
Ma
*Mangostana 867 Mangosteen 867. o
1672. a
Mathes
Marieublatt 482. a Marigold (Marvgold) 344 Marigold, Bur- 263. f, g. h Marigold, Corn 482. g Marigold, Fetid 720 Marigold, Field 482. g Marigold, French 1951. b Marigold, Marsh 355 Marigold, Rayless 263. g Marigold, Water 263. d Marigold, Wild 482. g Marigold, African 1951. a
Marl-grass 2032.
c.
b Mangrove, Zaragoza
Mata perro 1282. a, Mate 1U5iian 213. a Sassafras- nuts 1390. a,b Sassafras-tree 699. a Sassafrasniisse 1 90. a, b Sassaparilie 1865. e
Sassy-bark
786.
a
Satin-flower 83. c, 1234 Satin-flower. Crimson 307. a Satin -pod 1234 Saturday' s-pepper 803. d Saturei 1789. a *Satureja 616, 1111
*Satyrium 15H8 Sauce-alone
Saucy bark
74. a, 1168. 786. a
e
species 1792
Scabby-head 411. a Scabby -head 148. a Scabish 1107. b, c fScabish 1436. a
.
*Schultesia 783 *Scilla 1701,2066 Scilla, U. S. P. 2066. a Scille (Squille) 2066. a *Scleroderma 2047. i
Scleroderma
737
Scobs styracina 1929. d Scoke 1585. b Scold 620 Scoparius U. S. P. 641. b Scordii herba 1973. e
Scammonee i,Scammon)
*Scordonia 1973
b
*Scordosma 828 563.
b
Scammony, varieties 563. b Scammony, French 630. a *Scainmony, German 663. c Scammony Alontpthtr 630.a Si ammony, Wild 1066. n Scammony root 1066. n Scanuog 2032. e *Scandix l48 Scarbt ee J269. a Scarlet-berry i867.
Scorpion-grass 1373 Scorpius 577
Scorzonera, Native 1330. s Scotch-grass 376. a Scouring-rush 758. b
Scourwurt
1781.
Scarlet-cross 1236. b Scarlet-lightning 1236.
b
Sceau de Salomon 1639. Sceau d'or 1032. a Schabziegerklee 2032. d Sohachtelhalm 758. a, b Schafgarbe 18. a Schafgri{)pe 18. a Schafihalm 1008. a Schallotte 76. a
c,
Scharlachbeere 1585. b Scherneckel kraut 1775. a Scheuerkraut 758. a
Sauge officinale 1769. b Saugh, Privy 1194. a Saukraut 1045
Schinseng 1493. a, b *Schizostachyum 232,
d
1894
Schierling, gefleckt^r 555. a
w
1664. c 14v5. a 238. a Screw-tree 970. a, b Scrofula plant 967. a, 1820. b, c Scrofula-root 785. b
Scrofula-weed 15:^8. a Scrophulaire 1820. a, b ScruD-brush 206. o Scrubby-erass 627. a
ScuLLCAP, species 1821 Scurvish 1436. a Scurvy 303. d Scurvy-grass 527. a, 488. a Scurvy-grass, W^ild 578. a Scurvy-grass, Yellow 235. a Scurch-grass 60. a, 376. a
Scutia 1720 Sea-bean
1365.
a
Schlafapfel 1274. a
Sea-belt 1131. b
Schlaugenmoos 1240. a Scblangenwurz, canadische
Sea-bent 382. a
194.
a
a
Scratch-grass 1641. b,c Screw-auger 936. a
Screw-bean Screw Pine Screw stem
j
Sauerampfer 1761 a Sauerbeere 1476. b Sauerklee 1475. a
1611. c
1068. a, b, c
*Sciadiodaphne 2059
d
Schamnm
Sauohr
q
a
Si-hwindelkorner 611. a *Schubertia 1962
.
Saudistel 1871. b
Saule blanc 1764. a Saunders, Red 1682. d Saunders. White 1776. a
16(38.
79.
1068. g Schwertelwurz
Scabwort 1062. a Scaddie 2067 a
Scammonium
Schwarzdorn Schwarzerle
Schwarzkiimmel 1411. b Schwarzwurz 19.37. a Schwefelwurz 554. b Schweinbrod 625. a
Schwertliiie 1068. b, g
Scala coeli 1639. c Scaibegres 28. c Scald-berry 17)0. g Scald- w«-ed 620 Scale-bark Hickory 1004. g
663.
b
*Schweinitzia 1357. a Schwertel, amerikanische
ScabisD, Meadow 206. h Scabish, Sweet 1794. b Scabious, species 1794 Scabious 1174. a Scabious, Sheep's 1088. a Scabious, Sweet 768. a, b
Seal le wort 1769. Scallion 7H. a fScallion 76. d
630.
Schw»nzpleffer 611. a
Sea-blite 696 Sea-cu.shion 190S.
a
c
GENERAL INDEX,
456
Senna, Wild (European) 897. a Sennesblatter 396. c, d
Sea-girdle 1131. a
Sea-grape
5;i6. b,
1767.
a
Sea-grape, English 1763. a Sea-hay 2158. a Sea-grass 1754. a, 1763. a. 1903. a, 2158. a Sea-staff liBl. a Sea-thrifD 1202. a, 1767. a Sea-weed 1131. a
Sensitive plant,
Sedum minus
Senvre
1824.'a
b
Ergot de 512. a Segg, see Sedge Sel^heal 166:. a, 1775. a Seigle,
f Self-heal 1595. c Selin de marais 1551. d *Selinum 1554 Sellerie 158. a Selly (Seel) 1764' Semaphore plant 1294
1638.
h
Senega-root, False 1638. j Seue.a-root, White 1638. j 1638.
h
Senf, gelber 1856. a 303. Senf, weisser 1856. a Senf, wilder 1860. a Sengreen 1830. a Senhalan«c 1730. c
d
Senna, varieties 896 *Senna 396 Senna, Bastard .545. a Senna, Bladder 54y a Senna, Scorpion 577. b Senna, U.
S. P. 396. c,
Serpent gra^s 164i. g Serpent's tongue 1445 Serpentaire de Virgiuie
Service-tree 1875.
a, d,
Sesam ^Sesame) Sesame 1837. a
1837.
a
7.
d
a
Shepherd' ."-needles 1796. a tShephtrd's-pouch 14 >9. a Shepherd's-purse ;-i29. a Shepherd's-stafl" 686 b
d
1976.
Shin wood
a, b, c 1963. c
Shittira-wood 1721. k, 1344a Shoe-black plant 1003. f Shoe-flower 1003. f
Shoe-make
1730. c
Shoe-strings 103. a
Shoemaker's-heels 464. d Shoo-fly 234. b Shooting-star 693. a Shore -grass 1215
o
62
Shambrogue
116.
Shedherd's-kiiot 1658 g
Shinleaf 1696.
m
b, 754. 3,778.
Shepherd' s-delight
Shinin^-^rass 1057. d,
*Seseli 1370 *Setaria 447 Setsicker 1711. h Setter-grass (Setterwort) 974. a Settiswort 974. a Setwall 2077. c Seven-bark 1031. a Seven-sisters 803. d, k Seven-year's-love 18. d 7.
b
Shej herd's-club 2090. b
SheriflF-weed 482. e Shield-Fern 712 Shilling-grass 1033
Sesame, German 361. a *Sesbania 650, 899, 1838
Seyah
2016.
1125.
Shepherd's-sundial 116. a Shepherd' s-warniug 116. a Shepheid's-watch il6. a
96
b
Serville 1222.
a
d, e, g Shallon 870. c 76. a Shallot Shamalo (Shamoola) 1496. b
*Senfcio 760, 1315, 1942
Senf (schwarrer)
i
Shaddock 606. g Shag-bark 1004.
SeneQon 1831. g Senega wurzel 1638. h Senagae radix
Shell-bark lOO 4. d, g Shell-flower l-t46. a tShell-dower 463. a Shellac 606. a *6heplierdia 1166 Shepherd's-caleiider 116. a Shepherd' s-clock 116. a,
Shad-flower
Senebiera 578
d
Sheepwort
*Sericographis 249
Shad-bush 96
Sencion 1831. g Sene d'Alexandrie 396. c Sene de Tinnevelly 396. d S6n6 indigene 545. a
1781. a, 6. a,
1599 a Sheep's-bit 1088. a Sheep' s-cheese 6iJ. a
*Sereuaea 1833
Sevmeria
Semencine 187. n Semper, Rock- 599. a
1475.b
*Serapias 756
Seyal (Seyaleh
Semen contra 187. n Semen sanctum 187. n
Sheep-weed
a,
Sheep's-knapperty 1658. g Sheepsbaue 1033. c
829. a
182. f
Seigle 1823. a
Seneca root
303. d, 1856. a
Septfoil (Set foil) 1658. g
Serpentaria 182. d, f Serpentaria brasiliaua 46~.b Serpentary 182. d, f Serpentary, English 1641. e Serpolet ly94. a Serpyllum 1994. a *Serratula H8, 1124, 2093 Serronia 1602 Service-berrv 96, 1875. c,d,e
See-bright 1769. d Seebusch 1889. a Seed-box 1229. a Seeder 1028. a Seedling 1112. a Seeeiche 849. b Seidelbast 644. c Seidenpflanze 195. c Seifeminde 1705. a Seifenwurzel 1781. a Seifenwurzel, spanische 935.
American 49 Wild 396. f,
Sensitive-plaut, 1332 b
Sequa
*Spbifera 1266 *Sebipira 296 Secale cornutum 512. a Seckelblume 415. a Sedge 382 Sedge, Cinnamon 26. a Sedum majus 18S0. a Sedge, Myrtle 2P. a Sedge, Sea 2158. a Sedge, feweet 26. a Sedocke 15. a
Sheep-nose 842. d Sheep-poison 1 103. Sheep-root 1599. a Sheep-rot 1599. a
Sensitive-plant 1332. a tSensiiive-plant 1361. b
Sea-wrack 849. b fSf a-w ack 2158. a Seal wort 1639 Seaweed 849 Sebestan (Sebesten) 2085. *Sebesten 2085
Sheep-lice 631. a
Shore-weed 1215 Shoi-bush 170. c, f Shoter 1963. a Shovel-weed 329. a Shreetalum 580. a
Shunas
1193. c
*Sibthorpia 668 Sickle-grass 1641. b, c Sickle-heal 1667. a
2032. e
Shame-face 88 {. a Shame-vine 1361. a
Shp-Holly 1053. a She-Oak 40i
Sickle-pod 107. b Sickle-weed 1667. a tSickle-weed 1641. 1 Sicklewoit 1667. a, 63. c *Sicyos 1325 Sicyoides 1845 *Sida 348, 1271 *Sidalcea 986 Siddhi 370. a fside-saddle flower 481. a Side-saddle plant 1787. a, b *Sideroxylon 324, 326 *Sideroxylon 682 Siebpnzeit 2032 d Siegesbeckia 2092
Shea-t'ee 240. d
Siegmarswurz
Shamrock 1475. a fShamrock 1291. c Shamrock, Indian 2036. b Shamrock, True 2032. e Shamrock, Water 1310. a Shamrock, White 2032. g Sham rug 2032. e Shaw nee-wood -fOG. b Shave-grass 758. b Shavings 469. a
Shava 1429. a She-Heather 765. b
Sheep-berry 2095. c. e Shpep-blue 563. s Sheep-bur 2lHl, b Sheep-bur, Small 1137. Sheep-foot 1227. a Sheep-grass 1599. a
891.
b
Sierra salvia 187. g
radix Silberkraut i658. a Sii palustris a,
b
1863.
SilJqua dulcis 432. a Siliqua hirsuta 1365. a *Siliquastrum 436
b
b
a
1
NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Silk, Virginian 195. c Silk-cottou tree 420. a Silk-grass 488. a, 2144. f
Smallache 158. a Smallage 158 a Smallage, Marsh
Silk-vine 1544. a Silkweeil 195
Sraartw««'d Smart.weed, Sraartweed, Sniear-d')ck
Silkworm
tree 1364. 828. i Silver-bell 1344. a
a
Silphium
1869. c, 1895. d, 1976.
a,
d
*Silybum 1280 Simarouba 185 4. b Simariiba 1590 c, f
1831. g *Sinapis 303 Sinapis niirra 303. d Siaicle 1775. a Sinkti^ld 1658. c Sinngrun 2i00. a Sinnthau 707. a *Siphonia 1001
b
Sit-fast 1439. a, 1711. h Sithes (Siethes) 76. f *Sium 258, 1479, 1595, 1850 Sivven 1750. h Skaw 1771. e Skaw-coo 1867. j Skeatlegs 1450. d Skedge (Skedgwith) 1194. a Skedlock 1712. a Skeleton we'-d 474. a Skerrish 1194. a Skeryth 1863. c
b
768.
Skewer-wood
801. c
Skirret 1595.
c, 1863.
c
Skoinilon 193 Skorbutkraut 527. a Skullcap, species 1821 Skunk-bush 869 a Skunk-weed 18s3. a, 1389. a Skyryth (Skyrwort) 1863. c Skytes 135. a Sleeping-bpauty 1475. a Sleepy- Dick 14.'i8. a Slink-weed 652. a, 1217. a Slipuer plant 1524. a Slippery-root 1937. a Slipper- weed (Slippers) 1057. a,
Slouyh-heal 1667. a Sloven -wood 187. a 802.
Small-pox plant
167. a, 803. i 1785. a
Snow-plant
Snowball, Little 428. tt Snowball, Wild 415. a Snowball-bush 2095. d
Snowbeiry
1936. b, 467 Snowl)t>rry, Creeping 468. a
Snowdrift
2071
of
Rve
512. a
1554, 1979,2154 Snaffles 1523. a
Snag-bush
1668.
q
182. f Snake-berry 28. b, 320. b,
Snake-wood Snake-wood
1621. a tree 1923. a, Snake's-head 847. c Snake's-nieat 189. a
j
1787. b, c
d
Snake's-tongue 1445 tSnakeroot 27 a, b. 1831. a Snakeroot, Blj«ck 497. a, 194. a, 1775. b, c
Snakeroot, Brazilian 467. b Snakeroot, Button li24. a,b,
a
785.
b
Soap-apple 471. a
Soap-bark tree 1705. Soap-berry 1779. a, So^p-bulb 471. a
a,
b
Soap-plant 471. a, 2144. 2i59. b Soap-root 1781. a fSoap-root 1185
c,
Soap tree 1705. Soapwort, Common 1781. a Soapwort, Field 2074. a Soapwort, Spanish 935. b *Soccus 188
Soda
1767
*Soja 900 Sol begrella 1774. b Sol-flower 967. b Solanoa 1802
*Solanum 1239 Solanum racemosum
1585. e, 1137. b, 1250. a, 1753. a Soldier's-buttons 355. a Soldier's-cap 262. b Soldier's pocket 1450. b Soldier's plume 938. g
b
Soldiers 133,
Canada 194. a Corn 781. a, European Evergreen
194. f
1638. c
Snakeroot, Snakeroot, Snakeroot, Snakeroot,
Snowdrop, Yellow Snow-drops 133, j
Soap-root, California 471. a Soap-root, Levant 935. b
a
1630.
Snake-pipes 758. c Snake-plant 583
Snakeroot, Snakeroot, 1124. b Snakeroot, Snakeroot,
a
Soafs 1764
Snake-head 463. a Snake-leaf, Yellow 785. b Sn^ke-leaves 1814. a Snake-milk ^03. a
781.
167. a, 1112.
Snowdrop 857 tSnow-drop 1936. b Snowdrop tree 1344. a Snow-flake 634. b Snuff bean 688. a
Snagrel
Snake-mouth
469. a
Snow-in-harvest 514. d Suow-on-the-mouutaia
Smoke-wood 514. d Smoking-bean 406
Smut Smut
d,
a
Snappeis 83. b, 1851. b Snatch-weed 863. a Sneeze-weed 965 Sneezewort 965, 2089. a Sueezewort, Tansy 18. d Suottle- berry 1963. a
Snow-Hower
Smell i II g-wood i87. a Smelly-million 613. a Smick-sT.ock 370. c Smiddv-leavps 464. d Smilaciiia 20C,1, 2076 Smoke-tree 5S3
Heart 194. a Indian 1446. a Pois
m
555. a 882. g,
Sampson
1679. e
Snakeroot, Senega, 16.38. h Snakeroot, Short-styled
*Solea 612 Solentine 1057. d *Solidago 300, 309, 809, '926, 1551
Soloman's-puzzles 1824. c SoLOMON's-siiAL, species 1639 Solomon's-seal, False 2076.a
Solomon' s-seal. Small 2076. a
1775. c
Snakeroot, Vermont 194. a Snakeroot, Virginia 182. f Snakeroot, White 802. a. b
Snakeweed
d
Sloe (Sioo, Slon) 16;8. q tSloe 2095. e Sloe, Araprican 1668. u Sloe-thorn 1668. q
Slunkweed
d
133rt. a, 1867. j
Sisal-herap r>6. b *Sison 158, 767 Sisymbrium 74,167,685, 1742, 1805, 1873, 1908
Skevish
464.
Snake-bite 2036. a, 1125. a, 1773. a Snake-flower 731. a, 83. b, 1132. a, 12.36. a, 2031. a Snake-grass 1373 a, 83. b
d
oil 1001.
Dotted 1641. o 1641. o
Water
*.Smvrnium
Simson
Siringa
1205.
Sraut-ball 1238. a
Sinianibarinde 1854. a Simbolee oil 440. a
Siri oil 129.
d
Siiiellage 1190. a Sniellbo.ves 133. g Smelling-stick 1788. a
1057. d, 1166. a, 1262. d, 1895. d
Silver-rod 1869. c Silver- weed lt>.58. a, 1057.
Simpler' s-j..y 2091.
1554.
1641.
Smeetaluiu 580. a
Silver-berry ';35. a Silver-button 121. a Silver-chain 1738. a Silver-feather 165S. a Silver-gra-*s 4S8. a Silv^T-head 1503. a Silver-leaf 1914. a, in. a,
457
Snapdragon 151. esp. a tSnapdiagon 16d. b, 1057.
182.
f,
1125. a,
1641. e
Snakeweed, Poison
495. b,
5F5. a
Snakewort, 1641. e Snap- berry 1936. c Snap-jack 83. b Snap-weed 1057. a, d Snap-wood 250. a
Solomon's-seal, Two-leaved 2061. a Solomon's-seal, Zigzag 2076. a Soraerwort 182. e Sommereiohe 1704. q Son-before-the-father 534. a SonchuH 1125
Sonnendistel
.384. a Sonnenhirse 1214. c Sonnenriischen 967
Sonnenthau
707.
a
b a
GENERAL INDEX.
458 Soodbrod
Sperage 199. a Spergule 1884. a
Sper^ula
18 "6. b varieties
Sorrel, Sorrel, Guinea
1
753. a,c,d
10()3.
g
Sorrel, Laoies' 1475. b Sorrel, Mountain 1480. a Sorrel, Red 1003. g Sorrel, Round-leaved 1480.a Soirel, Sheep 1475. a, b Sorrel, Tree 222 Sorrel, Wood 1475 Sorrel-tree 1477. a fSorrel-tree 1592. a Sorrel-viue 50.'. a Soiiari fSuwarrow) 3W. b
Souchet comestible C>Zb. b Souci 344. a Soufre vegetal 1240. a Sour-bush 347. a Sour-dock, Boreal 1480. a Sour-gourd tree 32 Sour-grass 1753. a, b Sour-sabs (Sour-suds) 1753. a
Sour-sauce l'ii3. a Sour-sop 140. b Sourberry 14'/Q. b Sou rock (Sou rack)
1753.
Sourwood 1477. a Southernwood 187.
a, f
1871. b, c
Sow-fennel 1554. b Sow-foot 2053. a Sow-grass 578. a Sow THISTLE, species 1871 Sow-tit 842. d, 1750. p
Sowbane 464. f Sowdwort 166. b,
1767.
a
Soy bean 900 a Spadic
787. a Spanierfeiue 1449. b
e-wood
250. a,
b
Spid»r-flower 615 Spider-p ant 1792. a Spiderwort, Common 2014.a Spigelie anthelmintique
a
1892.
Spigelie
du Maryland
1892. Spignel (Spickuel) 1323. a Spignet 170. e, 1323. a Spike, Oil of 1145. b ^Spikenard 129. c
Spikenard, American 170. e Spikenard, California 170. a Spikenard, Celtic 2077. a Spikenard, East Indiam 1386. a Spikenard. False 2076. a Spikenard of reie 2077. g Spikenard, Plowman' s 1062. b, 2:.'6. a Spikenard, Small 170. c Spikenard, True 1386. a Spikennrrt, Wild 2076. a Spikenard tree 170. f Spikenel (Spike-nail) 1323. Spillbaum 801. c Spinach i89l. a Spinach, Australian 1970. b Spinach, French 46 3. a Tobacco, Indian 1217. b fTobacco, Indian 144. b Tobacco, Ladies' 121. a, 144. b Tobacco, vTountain 183. a Tobacco, Oregon 2077. b Tobacco, Poison 1041. b Tobacco, Rabbit 904. a Tobacco, Riverside 1619. b Tobacco, Wild 120.1. a, I217.b Tobacco, Woman's 144. b Tobacco-root 1191. a, 2077. b Tobacco-treed 741. a
Tobacco-wood
944. a 178. a, 285. a, 394. a, 529. b. 1570. c Toe-nails 1284. a Todtenblume 344. a Tolemane, Fecule de 369. a
Toddy
Tollkirscbe, (Tollkraut) 219.0.
Tollkorner
117.
a
1578. c 1239. a Husk 1578.
a
Tolmeiner 664. b •Tolmiaea 507, 1173 Tolu-balsam 2008. c
392. c
Toper's plant 1774. c Topinambour 968. b
Torch-wood
Treacle wort 1989. a Tread-softly 1091. a Treasure-of-Jove 1824. a Tree-beard 2001. a Tree-fern 84, 492 tTree-fern 1471. b Tree-hair 2070. a Tree-of-heaven 62 Tree-of-the-gods 62. b Trefled'eau 1310. a Trefoil, species 2032 Trefoil, Trefoil, Trefoil, Trefoil, Trefoil, Trefoil, Trefoil, Trefoil,
TrefoU,
Bean
1310. a, 641. a
Bird's-foot 1227. a Bitter 1310. a Black 1291. c Golden 981 b
Great 1291. d Hart's 1300. b Heart 125*1. a
Hop
l:i91.
c
Trefoil, Marsh 131u. a Trefoil, Melilot \t9\. c Trefoil, Moon 1291. b Trefoil, Shrubby 1681. a Trefoil, Sour 1475. a Trefoil, Spanish 1291. d Trefoil, Sweetsmelling 802.c Trefoil, Water i310. a
*Trianosperma 414 *Tribulus 1102
112
Torches (Torchwort) 2090.b
*Tricerastes 648
*Tordylum 411
Trichophyllum 228
*Torilis 411 *Torilis 148. a
*Trichostema 1070
Tormentil (Thormantle) 1658 g
Trickle 660. a
Tormeniilla 1658
*Trifolium 1300, 1731, 1928 Trifolium aureura 981. b Trifolium fiibrinum 1310. a Trifaly, Sea 893. a Trifoly, Sour 1475. a Trinitaiis herba 2102. f Trip-madam 1824. a, b
Trick-madam
Tormeutilla root 16.'i8.g Tormentillwurzel 1658. g Tornillo 1664. c
*Torreya 1939, 2050 Torrey tree 2050. b
Tor telle 1860. a Tory-wee i 633. a
Trip-toe
Toiich-and-heal 1043. Touch-leaves 1043. a
a,
1824.
b
Tricratus 3
b
:i095.
a
*Tripolium 299 *Tripterelia 328
Trisiram's-knot 370. a *Triticum 60 Triiicum U. S. P. 60 a Trixaginis herba 1973. b
Touch-me-not 1057 Touch-weed 1832. b
Touchwood 164». a Toulema 369. a Touloucouna Tous les mois
878. b 369. c, 2344. a 1150. b Toute-epice 1594. b Tow-cok (Tow-cock) 2098. a
*Trlxis 1541 Troll-flower 2043. a, b
Tournesol
Trompetenblatt 1787. b Trompillo 1867. p
Toxicodendron 1730 Toyon (Tollon) 997. a Toy wort 329. a
True-love 2036. b Trufle de cerf 737 a
Tragacanth 208. f, etc Tragacanth, African 1912. c Tragacanth, Indian 1912. d Tragacanth, Senegal 1912. c Tragacantha 208. f, etc Traganth 208. f, etc Trauhenfarrn 1471. b Traubenkraut 464. b, e tTraveler's-delight 157. a Traveler' s-joy 514. c d, tTraveler's-joy 1240. a Traveler's tree 1714. a Treacle, Clown's 76. e Treacle, Countryman's 1756. a Treacle, English 74. a, 1973. e
Treacle, 76. e
Poorman'a
74, a,
*Troximon
58, 1416, 1596
Truffle,
species 2047 tTrufile 559. a Trufiie, Hart's 737. a Truffle, Tuckahoe 1238. b Trumpet Creeper 1964, a
Trumpet-flower 26^ Trumpet-flower, Evening 878. a
Trumpet-flower (Virginia) 1964. a Trumpet-leaf 1787 Trumpet-plant 1787. a Trurapet-viue 1964. a
Trumpet-weed 802. Trumpets 1125. a
j,
Trumpets, (Yellow) Tshuking 187. c Tuber-root 19.5. d *Tubeiosa 1635 Tuberose 1635. a
1125.a 1787.
a
a
f
NUMBERS REFER TO PARAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE. Tuberose, Wild 936. a Tuckaho (Tuckahoo) 1238.b
Tuckahoe 1238. b, 1463. a fTuckahoe 1528. b
Tucum Tuggur
Tula (Tule Rush) 1809. a Tule root 1762 Tulip, species 2049
1474.
m
Tulpenbaum
b
1211. a a,
Ulmaire
*Velaea 186 Velar 1860. a Velvet-bur 1662. a Veivet-flbwer 91. a fVel vet-flower 1951. b Velvet-leaf 6. a, 1146. a
2057. a 2058. f
*Turia 1232 Turkey-beard 2137 Turkey-berry 1936. c
*Uinbellula 2059
Ulmenspira** 2057. a
Umbil-root 636. d, e
Umbilicus 586 Umble (Umbel)
Turkey-blossora 2024. a
636. d, e
Umbra tree 1585. a Umbrella-leaf 683, 1548. a Umbrella-plant 1625. a, 6^5. g
Turkey-bur 174. a Turkey-claw f68. a Turkey-corn 262. a Turkey-grass 863. a Turkey-pea 262. a fTurkey-pea 767. a Turkey-pod 1908. a
Umbrella tree
1262. c, d, e,
Uncinaria
Uncum (Unkum)
Unicorn (True) 68. a Unicorn plant 1284. a,
Dragon Indian
b
*Unoua
b b
181. 181. esp.
b Turnip, Pepper 181. b Turnip, St. Anthony's 1711. Turnip, Swamp 181. b Turnip. Wild 181. b Turnsole 973 fTurnsole 803. d Turpentine 1601.i,j,k.l,m,r,t Turpentine Chian 1605. e Turpentine Cyprian 1605. e 181.
Turpentine, Oil 1601. i, r Turpentine, Scio 1605. e Turpentine, Strassburg 2. f Turpentine, Venice 1138. b Turpentine tree 1605. e Turpeth, Vegetable 1444. a Turpeth root 1444. a
Turr
2056. a
1851. a 68. a
364, 2140
Unshoe-the-hors=e 290. a
b
Lion's 1162. a Maish or Meadow
Upas an liar 150. b Upas radja 1923. f Upas tieute 1923. f Upas tree 150. b Upstart
Venusblut 2091. f Venusfinger 633. a 40. a Veratre blanc 2089. a Veratre vert 2089. b
*Veratrum 193, 455, 1907 Veratrum americanum b I2f9
831
*Urtica 2068
Vermicularia 2079
Ussacu 1029. a Uva anguina 320. b
Vernal-grass 147 V^rnis de Japon
Uva
Veronica
ursl 176. f
Uvae passae 2108. Uva'ho do campo
e 796.
h
*Uvaria 364, 2140 Uvedalia 1642. a *Uvularia 1918
*Vaccininm
62.
b
1171
Veronica purpurea 260. a Veroniken 2094. f Veronique de Virginia 1171. a
468, 873, 1054,
14:6, 2139 *Vachellia 7. d
Veronique femelle 2094. d Veronique male 2094. f Verrucariae herba 344. a
Vervain,
Valkrian,
Turtle-bloom
463. a Turtle-grass 2158. a
Valerian, American
Turtle-head 463
Valerian. False 1831. a
Tushylucky
Valerian, Greek,
species 2077
species 2091
Vervain, Base 2094. d Vervein (Verviue, Vervin) 2091. f
636. a, etc
1634
b
Venushaar
2089.
*Urania 1714 Urari 1923. g *Uredo 2071
Urostigma
686.
Verbena, Garden 2091. a,b Verbena, Lemon 1209. d Verbena, Sweet 1209. d Verbena-grass 129 b *Verbesiua 732, 925 Verge d'or I869. b
a
534.
b
Venus'-looking- lass 1154 Venus'-pride 1022 Venus'-shoe 636. a, etc
Verbena
»Tu»ritis 167
2053. a Tussilage 2053. a
1682. c 686.
Venus'-comb 1796. a Venus'-cup 636. d, e, Venus'-flytrap 679. a
Unicorn-root flx. a Unicorn-root, False 455. a Unicorn's-horn 455. a, 68. a Universe-vine 1'6. f
Black 1162. a Cree 1679. b
Vengay
Veiius'-hair 40. a
Turme;in's-bower, Purple 216. a Visci stipites (lignum)
Warlock
Warmot
a
1762 a
329. a
1749. a 303. a, 1712. a 18r. b
*Warntra 1032 Warree 14y6. a Wart flower 462.
1226. a
Vitis alba 320. b Vtiii alba S7/Ivesirisl320. a
j
Water-lily, species 399, 1420 Water-lily, Dwarf 1197. a Water-lily, Fringed 1197. a Water-lily, Great 1391. a Water-lily, Jamaica 1391. bWater-lily, Little 302. a Water-lily, Tree 1262. c Water-lily, Victoria 2097. a Water-lily, White 399 Water-lily, Yellow 1420 Water-milfoil,
£05.
a
Hooded
2072. a, etc Water-nut 2017. a, 1891.
Water-nymph
5^8. a, 904. c 344. a 1781. a
Warzenkraut Waschwurzel
*Washingtouia 1397 *Washingtoniana 1832 Wasser-Bathengel 1973.
1242
Water-leiitil 1159 Wat^r-lettuce, W. Indian 1606. a
Water-melon
a
803. d Wart-weed 462 a, 803. d, k Wartwort 803. d, k, 462. a,
Wart-spurge
Vitellaria 1228 Viiis 105, 502,1514
i
Water-kers 1142. b Water-leaf 302. a, 1034 W^ater-lemon 1515. a, e,
1792. a
Vibgin's-bowek, species
1427. a
Water-feather 1021 Water-fern 434 Water-gcggles 3-55. a Water-grass 10:^3. c, 1742. b
263.
Wandering-sailor 1249. a
Ward-seed
b
1742
Water-jell V 802. a
White 1004. g Wancopin 1391. a Wandering-Jenny 1249. Wandering-Jew 629. a,
*Virgilia 509
True
Yellow 1742. c Water-crowfoot 1711. g Water-cup 1787. a Water-dragon 355. a Water-drop, Hemlock 1427. a Water-dropwort, Hemlock
Water Hoarhound
g
a
Vippe 1601. r Virgaurea 1869. b
b
American 379. Marsh 1742, c Mountain
Water-hemp 24 Water-hemp, Agrimony
a
69.
Wauika 1919. a tWankapin 1420. c Wappale (Wapatoo) Waras (Wars) 1267.
2105. a
a,
Wallnussrinde, graue 1096.a
Violet-bloom 1867. j Violet-wood 7. g Violette odorante 2102. d
*Viscum 1249 Viscum quernum
1771. c
^4'all-rue Fern 204. c jiVall flower t.68. a
Walnut,
399. a, 1420. 487. a
Water-carpet
Walking-fern 363 Wall-ink 2094. c Wali-peppei 1824. a Wall-pie 204. c
Violet, species 2102 Violet, Adder's 785. b
a,
1420. b Wattr-caltrop 2017. a
Waldnieister 201. b
Wale wort (Wall wort)
d
d
Wasserwegerich 72. a Water-archer 1762 Water-bean 1391 Water-blinks 1358. a Water-blob 355. a, 399.
Waldmalve 1270. b Waldmangold 1696. d Waldsiroh 863
1730. c,
Vinettier 251. e Viola 3*3
2095.
Wasserviole 1021 species 2036
Wake-robin 181. b, 189. a Wake-robin, Virginia 1528.b
Waldfain
210S. e
Vleckia 54 Vlix 1208. b
424. a Wasserschierling 495. c
1999. c
1717. a 1874. a
Wait-a-bit 1865. o 1514. a
Villarsia 1197
Vinegar tree
Wassernabel 1033 Wassernabel, asiatischer
2058. b, c
Victoria regia 2097. a
Vin
1753. e
Wahoo (.Wauhoo) 801. b tWahoo 1721. k, 1999. c,
*Viborquia 818 *Vicia 1160
b
1032. a Wasserkrug 1787. b W^assermangoldwurzel
Wachsgagel
Vettertoo 482. f Vew (View) 1963. a Vi-tree 1898. a
Vigne 2108. e Vigne Tierge
b
Wachholder
129
1242.
Wasserbenediktenwurzel 885. b Wasserdost 802. c, i, m Wasserdiirrwurz 263. i Wasserfenchel 1427. c Wasseihanf 263. i, 802. c, i Wasserholder 2095. d Wasserkraut, kanadiaches
d
Vulneraria 149. a Vulvaire 464. i Vuss (Vuz) 2016. a
species
tVetch, Milk- 1556 Vetchling 1 141 Vetiver i29. f
Vetiveria
f63
Wasserandom
d
1875.
Volvulus Vomit-nut Vomitwort
e
a
1382,399. b,c
W^ater-pepper lr,41. 1, o Water-platter 2097. a
Water-purpie 2094. c Water-seg 1068. e Water-shield 302. a, 335
b
NTTMBEBS
a
ft^FElt
tO I»AfiAGRAPH, NOT TO PAGE.
Water-skeg», YeUow 1068. e Water-spike 1657 Water-target 302. a Waier-lorch 2035. a
Whip>-beam 1875. c Whip-tongue 863. f
Water-weed
Whippoor will-boots
Water-vani
Waterwort Wattle
Wau
1566. a 164. a 7^9, 2U4.
7. e, j,
d
etc
t Wax-berry 1936.
1999.
White-apple
White-bark White-beam
b
Wax-berry, Cornel
576.
i
Wax-bush
1511. a Wax-cluster 870. a Wax-dolls 850. a
Wax-tree 2106. a Wax-tree, Japanese 1730. Wax-weed, Blue 1511. a
2095. a
206.
353. a Weathercock 1057. a, d Weeby 1831. f Weeping-widow 847. c Wegedorn, glatter 1721.
g
Wegerich (Wegetritt) b Weiberkraut 187. s Weichselkirsche 1668. 1611.
j
White-head 1513. a White-heads 27. a White-leaf 1895. d ^Vllite-Xancy 1385. e White-Pwobin 1236. a
White-rock 167. a White-root 195. d, 1639. White-rosin tree 1601. i White-vine 514. d, 320
Wein, wilder 1514. a Weinachtswurz 974. b Weinrebe 2108. e Weinstock 2108. e Weirauch 289. a Weisstanne 2. f Weisswurzel 1639. c, d Welcome-to-our-house
873, 2075
808.
Weld 1717. a Well-grass 1742. b Well-grass, Horse 2094. c Well-iuk 2094. c
Wellingtonia 1832 Welsh-nut 1096. d Weremod 187. b
1764
Widerthon, edler 707. a Widerthon, goldner l&t9. a
482. f
Whe.\t, varieties 2040 Wheat, Couch 60. a Wheat, Egyptian 1531. a Wheat, Guinea 2148. a Wheat, Indian 821. a Wheat, Turkey 2148. a
Widow-wail 847. c Widow-wisse 881. a
a
Cat 1439. a, 1743. a Dyer's 881. a 1439. a 1439. a
Wild-cherry bark Wild-vine 1956. a
1875. 1668.
Wild-wood 1717. a Wildaurin 914. a Wilding tree 1269. a Wilgers
1764.
Wimberry
W indies
2075. a 1611. b
Win berry
(
m
Wincopipe
Wine-l)errT
56:3.
116.
a
a
Wind-berry 2075. p Wind-flower 133. esp. g and 1 1940 a fWi.'d-flower 329. Wind-flower, Red
Wind-herb Wind-root
Wine 2108. Wine Palm
a, 514. f 133. f
1568. b 195. d
e 1570. c
Wine-berry 1732. h, i, 2075. p Wine-berry shrub 574. b Wine-tree 187.=;. a Wing-seed 16S1. a Wing-st*m 2092. a Wink-a-peep 116. a Winlin-berry 1771. e
2094. h,
i, j
i,
83. c
Winter's bark 706. a tWinter's bark 499. b, c Winter' s-bark, False 368. a
b
*Wigandia 772 Wiggen (Wiggin)
c
Whin (Whuns) 2056. a Whin, Cammock 1439.
Willow-weed 12c0. a, 1641. a, n Willowwort 1260. a
Winter-weed
Wiffs 1764 583.
1250. a
Winter-berry 1053. h, Winter-bloom 944. a Winter-fat S05. a Winter-sweet 1456. d
Widow's-cross 1824. g Wiesenklee 2032. f Wiesenknoterich 1641. e Wiesenkressen 379. c
Wig-tree
Milk 1250. a,b Night 1436. a Purple 12.50.a Spiked 456. a,
Willow-herb, Swamp 652. a Willow-herb, Yellow l249.d
Wind
1738. a Wick 60. a. 592. a Wickakee 403. a, etc Wicke 1592. a Wicke 1103. c, d, 1S75. d Wicken-tree 1875. d Wickens 60. a, 592. a Wicopy bS9. a Wicopy, Indian 456. a Wickup 456. a, 755. b.689. a 1999. a Wickv 1103. c,d, 1875. d Widbin 1-222. b, c
Widdy
o
Willow-herb, Willow-heib, Willow-herb, Willow-herb,
2075. a 176. f
Whya tree
'
h
Willow, Milk 1250. b Willow, Persian 456. a Willow, Primrosfc- 1100 Willow, Red 576. b Willow, Roman 1945. a Willow, Rose 576. b Willow, Sage 1250. a Willow, Sweet 1375. c Willow, Virginia 1078 Willow, Water- 663 Willow-grass 1641. a Willow-herb 755 Willow-herb, French 456. a Willow-herb, Golden 1249.d Willow-herb, Great 456 Willow-herb, Hooded 1821. a, c
species
Whortleberry, Bear's Whuttle-grass 1300. b
2108. e
Ladv Land
d
2075. a
Whortleberry,
Weiderich, rother 1250. a
Wheat-grass 60 Wheat-thief 109 Whig-plant 145.
c,
Whitlow-grass 702 Whitlow-grass, Vernal 778 Whitlowwort, Silver 1506. Whitten tree 2095. d Whorl v-wort 1171. a
Whort'(Whurt)
1764
Weiderich 1249
Wermuth 187. b, Werrinuwa 925
d
White-dillifs 1385. e
species 1764
Willow, Bay 456. a Willow, Blooming 456. a Willow, Crane 428. a Willow, Desert 465 Willow, Flowering 456. a Willow, French 456. a Willow, Ground 1641. a Willow of .Scripture 1403. a, 1652.
c
482. e, 148. c A\Tiite-wood 1999. a, e, 1211. a, 713. a White-wood, Bahama 368. a Whitewort 16.39. c, 482. f
Wean dee
Whin, Whin, Whin, Whin,
187.5.
White-weed
116. a
Weyth^rnoy
157. a 1652. a
White-berry 27. a White-bird 83 b, c 778. a ^Tiite-bush 518. a, 2139. a White-cap 1895. d, 53. a
White-devU ni
Wax-work, Roxbury 421. a Waxen-woad 881. a' Way-bread 1611. b, c Way-grass 1641. d Way-thorn 1721. d Wayfaring tree 2095. j Wayfaring-tree, American
Wein
16. c, d,1875.d,
1043. a
White-blow
Wax-palm, Brazilian 566. a Wax-plant 1025. a, 1851. a
Weide
Willow,
a
Wbit«-amber
465
Wildkirsche 1668. p Willey (Wilf, 1764
Petty, 1439. b 2075. a
Whistle-wood
Wax, Ocuba 2103. a Wax, Vegetable 1375. b Waxberry 1375. a, b
Way won
^Vhin
Whinberry
1787. b Whippoorwill's-shoe 636. a, 1787. b Whist-aller 1771. e
1717. a
)
d p
Wintera
706
*Winterania 368 Winteranus spurius cortex 368. a
Wintergreen 870. b Wintergreen, Bitter
466.
b
a
GENERAL INDEX.
466 Wintergreen, Chick weed 2031. a
Wintergreen, False 1696. d Wintergreen, Flowering 1638. c
Wintergreen, Large 1696 fWintergreen oil 261. b Wintergreen, One-flowered 1349. a Wintergreen, Pear-leaved 1696.
Winterbrunnenkresse a 706. a
Wisteria 1115 Wisteria, American Wit 1410. a Witch 2058. e
*Xylothermia 1985
1514. a
Yackron
1115.
a
a
Yam, species 680 Yam, Water 164. Yam, Wild 680. f
563. c, 961. a
878. a
Woodbine, Wild
Wooduep
60. a 801. c, 1875. a,d
1686.
1514. a
a
Woodrip 201. b Woodrowel (Woodrowe) 201.
WoodruS"
Yamp
211.
a
a
Yantonica 187. n Yarr 1884. a Yarrow 18 Yarrow, Water 1021 Yate-tree 790.
1
Yaupon
1053. b, k 1914. a Yaw-weed 1359. b Yeara 1730. i Y^ble 1771. c
Yaw-root
b 201, b 937.
Wool-flower
e
713
1704. q Yaits (Yetts) 221. a Yak 1704. q
Woodbine, American 1514.a Woodbine, Carolina Wild
d
d
Witch-wood
*Xylosma a
Wood-vine, Wild 881.
Witch-hobble (-hopple)
§2058. Witches'
a, 251. e
Wood-sow 251. e Wood-sower 1475.
Wood-bine
796. a tWire-grass 1641. d Wire-weed 1641. d, 206.
1375. c
1528
*Ximenesia 2092 *Xylocarpus 378 *Xylopia 2140
251. e
sour 1475.
a
87.
Xanthosoma
Woodbine, species 1222 tWoodbine 514. c, 563. c
Winterszimmt
Witch-grass
Wymote
Wythan, Moss
1973. a
Wood
2058. e e
Wych-wood 2058. Wychen 1875. d
Wood-wax (Woodwaxen)
466. b Winterrinde, echte Winterrose 974. b
Wintergrun
2095. a,
tWvch-hazel
c
579. c
Wood-of-the-holy-cross 1226. a
Wood-sore
d
Wintergreen, Spotted 466. a Wintergreen, White 468. a 235.
1267. a. 1456. c, 1789. a Wych-elm 2058. e Wvch-hazel 944. a
Wurstkraut
Wood-lettuce 1125. b Wood-lily, Red 2036. b Wood-lily, White 2036.
Wood-nut
b
187.
Wurrus (Wurus)
Wood-oil 687. a, etc Wood-sage, American
d
Wintergreen, Kound-leaved 1696.
Wurmtod
Wood-fern 712. c, d Wood-flower 133. b Wood-fringe 42. a
a
-bell 362. b Witches' -bells 423. c Witches'-milk 1008. a Witches'-moneybag 1824. c Witches'-pouches 329. a Witches' -thimble 362. b Witches' -thimbles 423. c Witchen 1875. d With-wind 563. a, 1641. h Withe-rod 2095. b, i, 1 Withe-wood 2095. i, 1
Woolen
Witherspail 863
Yellow-rod 1205. a Wormseed, Aleppo 187. n Wormseed, Alexandrial87.n Yellow-root 567. b, 1032. a, 421. a, 1093. a Wormseed, American 464. c Yellow-root, Shrub 2134. a Wormseed, Levant 187. n' Yellow-seed 1168. c Wormseed, Treacle 78:^. b
Withy, Cane 1764. a Withy, Golden 1375. Withy, Hoar 1876. c Withy-twig 1764. m Withy-wind 514. d Witty tree 1875. d Woad (Wad) 1071
c
b Wooly-butt tree 790. o Wordsworth's flower 830. a World' s-wonder 1335. a, 2090.
1781. a
Worm-bark
187.
Wormwood
Wort Wots
Wode-whistle
Woundwort
221. a 555. a
Wohlgemuth, gemeiner 1456. d Wohlverleih
q
Wolf-berry Wolf-root 759.
25, esp. i,183.a,
a
Wolfs-claws
Wolffia 2114
28. c 2090.
Wood-brooms
a 149. a, 1869.
h
Woundwort, Clown's 1900. Woundwort, Marsh 1900. a Woundwort, Soldier's 18. a Wourari (Wourali) 1923. g Wreath-aster, White 206. f
Wundsehwamm
206. a
686.
1742. c
Yellow-star 965. a Yellow-top 1869 Yellow-weed 1717. a
Yellow-wood
2136. c, e, 472. a, 583. a, 1797. a, 1938. a, 2011. a, 2134. a
Yellow-wood, Kentucky 509. a
Yellow-wood, Pricklv 2136. e
Yellow-wood, West Indian 2136. e
Yellowwort, Parslev-leaved 2134. a Yellows 636. d, e Yen-ju 1874. a Yer-nut 559. a, 168. a
*Wrightia 1011 Wudwi:
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