Planteamiento, Justificacion y Objetivos

 

CFXL]IJKEÛG @M ]G ^XFHIMLJ, D][PECEKJKEÛG U FHDMPESF[ @M ]GJ EGSM[PEAJKEÛG

 

 MI ^XFUMKP ^XFUMKPF F @M EGSM[PEAJKEÛG  EGSM[PEAJKEÛG 

’]g prfymktf `m egvmsteajkeûg ms mi pijg `mcege`f y kfgkrmtf `m ug ugjj eg`jajkeûg j rmjiezjr, rmjiezjr, `fg`m sm mgkumgtrjg mspmkece mspmkecekj`js kj`js tf`js su suss kjrjktmrìstekj kjrjktmrìstekjss  hês  h êsee k j s" ([ ([jh jheg egff, :550, p. ::=). @m ljgmrj amgmrji amgmrji sm pum`m `mker qum ug prfymktf prfym ktf ms ug `fkulmgtf qum kfgsestm mg ij `mskrepkeûg `mskrepke ûg `mi mstu`ef qum sm prfpfgm rmjiezjr mi egvmsteaj`fr egvms teaj`fr,, ms `mker, mxprmsj if qum sm vj j egvmste egvmsteajr ajr  y kf kflf lf s m eg egvm vmst stee aj ajrê rê..

 

 IJ CFXL]IJ CFXL]IJKEFG KEFG @MI ^XFHIMLJ ^XFHIMLJ @M  EGSM[PEAJKEÛG   EGSM[PEAJ KEÛG  ¶Z]M M[ ]G ^XFHIMLJ6

]g prfhimlj ms tf`f jqumiif jqumiif qum jlmretj smr rmsumitf. Ms ugjj prmaugtj f egtmrr ug egtmrrfajgt fajgtmm sfhrm sfhrm jiaf jiaf qum gf sm sjhm f sm `mskfgfkm y kuy kuyjj sfiukeûg ms ij rmspum rmspumstj stj f mi gumvf kfgfkelemgtf fhtmge`f fhtmge`f lm`ejgtm mi prfkmsf egvmsteajtevf egvmsteajtevf.. [m pum`m jcerljr jcerljr qum ug prfhimlj prfhimlj ms4 Pf`jjprmaugtj Pf` setujkeûg mg rmsfivmr ij kuji ij mxestj g `ecek `ecekuit j`ms s pjrj rmsfi rm sfivm vmrr -- ]gj prma ugtj pfr rms fivmrmxestjg jpiekjg`f miuitj`m Låtf`f Låt f`f Kemgtìcekf Kemgtìcekf - Pf` Pf`ff tmlj t mlj gf mxpifrj`f pfr mi kuj kujii sm fhtmgaj ug prf`uktf cjvfrjhim

 

^IJGPMJLEMGPF @M ]G ^XFHIMLJ Ij prelmrj cjsm `mi pijgtmjlemgtf `mi prfhimlj kflemgzj kfg mi `mskuhrelemgtf m e`mgtecekj e`mgtecekjkeûg `m ij qum setujkeû setujkeûg g fhdmtf fhdmtf `m `mskuhre mstu`ef, lemgtf uhekêg`fij mg ug keûg kfgtmxtf pmrletj pmrletj kflprmg`mr su freamg, rmijkefgms m egkûagetjs pfr rmspfg`mr. Ij rm`jkkeûg mg mi mi Egc Egcfrl frlmm mskretf sm `mhm egkiuer4 ug ugjj egtrf`ukkeûg ji êrmj tmlêtekj, ij `mskrepkeûg `m ` m ij rmji rmjie`j` e`j` `mi fhdmtf fhdmtf `m mstu`ef pjrtemg`f `m if amgmrji j if mspmkecekf mspmkecekf (`mm if ljkrf j if lekr (` lekrf), f), mxpiekjkeûg `m ij setuj setujkeûg keûg jktu j ktuji, ji, mimlmgtfs mimlmgt fs`mi qumprfhimlj sustmgtj g sustmgtjg mi rmimvjgkej prfhimlj, prfhiml j, `mi `mskrepkeûg `mskrep keûg kfgkrmtj y ij leslf.

 

CFXL]IJKEFG @MI ^XFHIMLJ

 Ji augf  Jiau gfss j ut utfr frms ms ml mlpi pimj mjg g eg`estegtjlmgtm ifs tårlegfs pijgtmjlemgtf y cfrl cfrluijkeûg, uijkeûg, pmrf ms gmkmsjref gmkms jref `ecmrmgkejrifs. I cfrluijkeûg `m ug prfhimlj kfgsestm mg ij prmsmgtjkeûg frjkefgji `mi leslf, ms `mker, ’rm`ukkeûg `mi prfhimlj j tårlegfs kfgkrmtfs, mxpiìketfs, kijrf kijrfs s y prmkesfs.“(Pjljyf, :55;, p.:35).

Kflf prf`uktf prf`uktf `m msj rm`ukkeûg, sm suaemrm ij mijhfrjkeûg `m ugj f vjrejs prmaugtjs qum rmcimdmg kfg kijre`j` ifs jspmktfs `mskfgfke`fs qum ljrkjrjg ljrkjrjg mi egekef `m ij egvmsteajkeûg. J`mlês `m ij cfrlj egtmrrfajtevj, ij cfrluijkeûg `mi prfh prfhimlj imlj pum`m j`fptjr tjlheåg ij cfrlj `mkijrjtevj.

’Ms ij kfgkrmkeûg `mi pijgtmjlemgtf mg ugj prmaugtj prmkesj y `mieletj`j `miel etj`j mg kujgtf j mspjkef, temlpf y pfhijkeûg (se cumrm mi kjsf)“. (Ce`ejs A. Jrejs Jrejs,, 8>>3, p. 0:)

 

 MDML^IF4 Mg cfrlj egtmrrfajtevj4 ¶Kuêims sfg ifs cjktfrms qum egke`mg mg mi rmg`elemgtf jkj`ålekf `m ifs mstu`ejgtms `mi prelmr smlmstrm `m Lm`ekegj `m ij ]gevmrse`j` Ljyfr `m [jg  Jg`rås“6  Jg`rås“ 6 Mg cfrlj `mkijrjtevj4 @mtmrlegjkeûg `m ifs cjktfrms qum egke`mg mg mi rmg`elemgtf jkj`ålekf `m ifs mstu`ejgtms `mi prelmr smlmstrm `m Lm`ekegj `m ij ]gevmrse`j` Ljyfr `m [jg  Jg`rås“.

 

Mg ifs `fs mdmlpifs jgtmrefrms sm pum`m jprmkejr qum ifs leslfs kulpimg kfg ijs seauemgtms kfg`ekefgms eg`espmgsjhims eg`espmgs jhims mg tf`j cfrluijkeûg4 Kjrmkmg Kjrmk mg ` `m m mxprmsefgms qum elpiekjg duekefs `m vjifr4 humg humgf, f, ljif, lmdfr lmdfr,, mgtrm ftrfs. Gf freaeg freaegjg jg rmsp rmspumst umstjs js tjims kflf

[E

f

GF.

Mstêg `mieletj`fs mg kujgtf j temlpf, mspjkef y pfhijkeûg.

 

 Ji pijgtmjr mi prfhi prfhimlj, mlj, sm rmkflemg`j rmkflemg`j `jr  rmspumstjs j ijs seauemgtms egtmrrfajgtms4 egtmrrfajgtms4 ¶Kuêims sfg ifs mimlmgtfs `mi prfhimlj4 `jtfs, setujkefgms y kfgkmptfs kfgkmptfs rmijkefgj`fs kfg mi leslf6 ¶Kuêims sfg ifs bmkbfs jgtmrefrms qum aujr`jg rmijkeûg kfg mi prfhimlj6 ¶Kuêi ms ij setujkeûg jktuji6 ¶Kuêi ms ij rmimvjgkej `mi prfhimlj6

 

C]MGPM[ U KXEPMXEF[ @M [MIMKKEÛG @MI LE[LF

Ijs cumgtms `m egcfrljkeûg sfg tf`fs ifs rmkursfs qum ij kfgtemgmg, smj smjg g mstfs cfrljim cfrljims, s, egcfrlji egcfrljims, ms, mskretfs, frjims f luitelm luitelm`ejims `ejims.. [m `eve`mg mg trms tepfs4 C]MGPM[ ^XELJXEJ[4 Fcrmkmg egcfrljkeûg `m prelmrj

ljgf, qum prf prfvemg vemgm `ermktjlmgtm `mi jutfr, qum smm puhiekj pfr prelmrj vmz, gf bj se`f ceitrj`j, egtmrprmtj`j f mvjiuj`j pfr gj`em lês. lê s. Md.4 Md.4 iehrfs, iehrfs, jrtìkuifs `m rmvestj(s) f pmreû`ekf(s), rmpfrtms `m egvmsteajk egvmsteajkeûg(ms), eûg(ms),  Jkk t j s `m kf  J kfgc gcmr mrmg mgke kej, j, lmlf lm lfre rejs js `m kfgarmsfs, mgtrm ftrjs.

 

C]MGPM[ [MK]G@JXEJ[4

Fcrmkmg egcfrljkeûg `m u jiaugj ljgmrj prfkmsj`j prfkmsj`j frajgezj`j `m jkumr jkumr`f `f kfg ug kretmref mspmkìcekf, kflmgtjrefs, egtmrprmtjkefgms krìtekjs sfhrm ugj ug j f lêsf cumgtms preljrejs. Md.4 rmsôlmgms m ìg`ekms, kjtêifafs, `ekkefgjrefs, `ekkefgjrefs, mgkekifpm`ejs, cumgtms  he hief  hehi efar arêc êcek ekjs js,, he hehi hief efar arjc jcìj ìjs, s, mgtrm ftrjs.

 

C]MGPM[ PMXKEJXEJ[4  hêê s e kjl  h kj l mgt mg t m s f g a u ì j s pjr pj r j mgkfgtrjr f ifkjiezjr cumgtms preljrejs y smkug`jrejs. Md.4 ìg`ekm `m jrtìkuifs amgmrjims `m puhiekjkefgms puhiekjk efgms `m pmreû`ekf, pmreû`ekf, kjtjifaf `m ugj hehieft hehieftmkj mkj f `m hehiefarjcìjs, mtk.

 

KXEPMXEF[ 

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Mi tmlj smimkkefgj`f `mhm smr ug prfhimlj prefretjref,, elpfrtjgt prefretjref elpfrtjgtm, m, seagecekjtevf seagecekjtevf pjrj pjr j mi êrmj

mg mi qum mstê uhekj`f (pmrtegmgkej). •  Jgt  Jgtms ms `m egekejr egek ejr ug mstu` mst u`ef, ef, ms elpfr elp frtjg tjgtm tm eg`jajr se mi tmlj prfpumstf bj se`f yj fhdmtf `m Egvmsteajkeûg, mg ij zfgj `m mstu`ef f mg •

ftrjs kfg`ekefgms seleijrms. @mhm mxjlegjr mi prfymktf qum prfpfgm y kfgse`mrjr kfgse`mr jr ij kflpimde`j` `mi prfhimlj y ifs rmkursfs gmkmsjrefs pjrj iimvjr j kjhf mi mstu`ef (vejheie`j` (vejheie`j`). ).

 

KXEPMXEF[ 

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Ms jkfgsmdjhim egvmsteajr ug tmlj veamgtmqum smj egtmrmsjgtm y ji qum sm pum`j jpfyjr? egkrmlmgtjg`f ij pfseheie`j` `m jpiekjr ifs rmsuitj`fs `mi mstu`ef. Ijs pfseheie`j`ms qum sm iimvmg j ij prêktekj ijs rmkflmg`jkefgms `mi mstu`ef `mpmg`mrêg `m ij jprfhjkeûg y `m ij `espfgeheie`j` `m ifs rmkursfs pjrj mdmkutjrijs. Mxestm ij pfseheie`j` `m qum ij rmjiezjkeûg `m ij egvmsteajkeûg egvmste ajkeûg pum`j kjusjr kjus jr `júfs j tmrkmrfs, pfr if if qum ms elpfrtjgtm kfgse`mrjr ijs kumstefgms åtekjs (jsmgtjlemgtf lfrji). lfrji).

 

KEMGPEC EKF[ U ^XJKPEKF[ XMZ]E[EPF[ KEMGPECEKF[ ^XJKPE KF[ ^JXJ MI ^IJGPMJLEMGPF KFXXMKPF @M ]G ^XFHIMLJ

[maôg Smiêsqumz C, Êgami X. (:5554 pêa. 2:), jcerlj4 ’]g prfhimlj `m Egvmsteajkeûg sm kfgse`mrj j`mkuj`jlmgtm pijgtmj`f kujg`f prmsmgtj ifs seauemgtms rmquesetfs rmquesetfs f kjrjktmrìstekjs4 kjrjktmrìs tekjs4 FHDMPESE@J@4

Pf`ff prfhimlj `m egvmsteajkeûg Pf` `mhm rmjims rmspfg`mr `m ij sfkem`j`, j prfhimljs `m ij gjturjimzj f `mi pmgsjlemgtf. Ij sfiukeûg `mi prfhimlj `mhm trjmr kflf rmsuitj`f ij jpjrekeûg `m ug kfgfkelemgtf kfgfkelemgtf gumvf (mg (mg mi kjsff `mi kjs prfhimlj kemg kemgtìce tìcekf) kf) f gumvjs tmkgfifaìjs, prfkm`elemgtfs, prf`uktfs, mgtrm ftrfs.

^XMKE[EFG4 mi prfhimlj gf pum`m smr vjaf f `ecus `ecusf. f. @mhm `mceger kijrjlmgtm su

jspmktf kmgtrji. ¶Zuå ms if qum sm prmtmg`m6 ¶j quå rmsuitj` rmsuitj`ff kfgkrmtf kfgkrm tf sm jsperj iimajr6.

 

AMGMXJIE@J@4

@mhm rmcmrers rmcmrersmm j ug kfgdugtf `m fhdmtfs y cmgûlmgfs j ifs kujims . `j ugj   mxpiekjkeûg sm ims  vjie`  vji e`j. j.

KFGPXJ[PJHEIE@J@ ML^EXEKJ4 Ifs tårlegfs prmsmgtj`fs mg mi pijgtmjlemgtf `mi prfhimlj `mhmg prmsmgtjr ug gevmi tji `m mijhfrjkeûg tji, qum pmrletj `mrev `mrevjr jr `m ifs leslfs ijs bepûtmses y

 vjre  vj rejh jhim imss j` j`mm ku kuj` j`js js..

 

CFXL]IJKEFG J@MK]J@J4

Mi prfhimlj kemgtìc kemgtìcekf ekf `mhm smr cfrluij`f kijre`j` uteiezjg`f kfg mi sestmlj `m kjtmafrìjs y kfgkmptfs `m ij kemgkej mg kumsteûg.

[FI]HIM, JK]MX@F JI AXJ@F @M @M[JXXFIIF @M IJ KEMGKE KEMGKEJ U IF[ XMK]X[ XMK]X[F[ F[ Z]M J[M @E[^FGM4

@mhm mxester mxester kfg`ekefgms lìgeljs pjrj ij sfiukeûg `mi prfhimlj, jgtms `m kflmgzjr kflmgzjr ij egvmsteajkeûg.

 

H][Z]M@J @M EGCFXLJKEFG ^XMIELEGJX 

Ij fhtmgkeûg fhtmgkeûg `m egcfrljkeûg egcfrljkeûg ms ij mtjpj mtjp j lês l ês elpfrtjgtm mg mi prfkmsf `m egvmsteajkeûg kemgtìcekj,  yjj q u m m s mi cu  y cug g ` jl jlmm gt gtff p j rj ij `m `mce cege geke keûg ûg `m `mii prfhimlj, pijgtmjlemgtf, kflprfhjkeûg `m bepûtmses, mijhfrjkeûg `mi Ljrkf Pmûrekf y `mi Egcfrlm `m rmsuitj`fs. rmsuitj `fs. @mgtrf `m mstm kfgtmxtf kfgtmxtf ij fhsmrvjkeûg kflf tåkgekj dumaj ug pjpmi elpfrtjgt elpfrtjgtmm mg kujiquemr kujique mr êlhe êlhetf4 tf4 ijhfrji, mstu`ejgtei, kflugetjref, mtk.

 

H][Z]M@J @M EGCFXLJKEFG ^XMIELEGJX 

Ij kemgkej s m `msjrrfiij sm kuilegj kfg ijgjkm, fhsmrvjkeûg. Ms y elpfrtjgtm tjlheåg rmjiezjr ug ugjj rmveseûg prfcug`j `m ij heh hehiefar iefarjcìj jcìj m egvmsteajkefgmss sfhrm mi tmlj. egvmsteajkefgm tmlj. Kfgsuitjr Kfg suitjr j mxpmrtfs mg mi mi êrmj y smauer ijs iìgmjs `m egvmsteajkeûg egvmsteajkeûg mstjhimke`js mstjhim ke`js pfr egstetukefgms.

 

PE^F @M EGSM[PEAJKEÛG  Mi tepf `m egvmsteajkeûg sm rmcemrm rmcemrm j ij kijsm `m mstu`ef qum sm vj j rmjiezjr. rmjiezjr. Fremgtj sfhrm ij cegjie`j` amgmrji `mi mstu`ef y sfhrm ij ljgmrj `m rmkfamr rmkfamr ijs egcfrljkefgms f `jtfs gmkmsjrefs.

@MIELEPJKEFG @MI ^XFHIMLJ Ij `mieletjkeûg `mi prfhimlj seagecekj eg`ekjr kfg prmkeseûg mg ij egtmrrfajgtm cfrluij`j4 mi mspjkef (êlh (êlhetf etf f iuajr `m mstu`ef), mi temlpf f pmref`f qum smrê kfgse`mrj kfgse`mrj`f `f mg ij egvmsteajkeûg, y ij pfhijkeûg egvfiukrj`j (sudmtfs qum smrêg fhsmrvj`fs, mgkumstj`fs f lm`e`fs). Mgcfkjr mg tårlegfs kfgkrmtfs kfgk rmtfs gumstrjs êrmjs `m egtmrås, mspmkecekj mspmkecekjrr su s jikjgkms.

 

FHDMPESF[ @M IJ EGSM[PEAJKEFG Kflprmg`mg åi pjrj qum `m ij egvmsteajkeûg y rmprmsmgtj if qum sm quemrm ifar ifarjr, jr, if qum mstjhimkm su s u s `ecmrmgk `ecmrmgkejs ejs kfg ijs jkteve`j`ms. Eg`ekjg, `m ljgm ljgmrj rj kfgkrmtj y prmkesj, mg pjijhrjs pjijh rjs smgkeiijs, if qum sm prmtmg`m fhtmgmr kfg mi mstu`ef j rmjiezjr. Mstfs `mieletjg mi mi êlhetf `m mstu`ef y `mhmg `m `mh mg smr sm r cjktehims `m ifar ifarjr. jr. Ji cfrluijrif cfrluijrifs, s, ms prmkesf kulpier kulpier ijs seauemgtms seau emgtms kfg`ekefgms4 Egekejr ij frjkeûg kfg ug vmrhf mxprmsj`f mg egcegetevf (jr, mr,jrifs er)? prfpfgmr kfgkrmtjs yeletjg` jikjgzjhims? rm`jktjrifs rm`jkt mg cfr cfrlj lj jkkefgms kijrj, prmkesj, `miele `mi tjg`ff mi êlhe êlhetf tf `m jkkeûg.  Mdmlpif4 Jg  Jgji jiez ezjr jr if ifss cj cjkt ktfr frms ms qu qumm eg egke ke`m `mg g m g mi rmg`elemgtf rmg`el emgtf `m ifs ifs mstu mstu`ejgt `ejgtms ms `mi prel prelmr mr smlmstrm `m Lm`eke Lm` ekegj gj `m`mij [jg Jg`rås“. ]gevmrse`j` Ljyfr

     

Mg ugj egvmsteajk egvmsteajkeûg eûg sm pum`m `estega `estegauer uer `fs tepfs `m fhdmtevfs4 amgmrji(ms) amgmrji(ms) y mspmkìce mspmkìcekf(s). kf(s). Mi prelmrff mxprmsj mi cceg prelmr eg `mi ôitelf qum sm prmtmg`m jikjgzjr jikjgz jr kfg mmii mstu`ef, pfr if kuji kuj i mstê iijlj`f j prfpf prfpfrkef rkefgjr gjr rmspum rmspumstjs stjs j ijs seauemgtms egtmrrfajgtms4 ¶Zuå sm quemrm bjkmr6 ¶Zuå sm prmtmg`m fhtmgmr6

mi mgugkej`f kijrf kijrf `m ijs lmtjs qum sm pmrseaum mg ij egvmsteajkeûg j  Mi fhdmtevf  amgmrji i ms mspmkìcekfs rmjiezjr y ifs amgmrj fhdmtevfs mspmkìcek fs sm pijgtmjg mg rmijkeûg `ermktj kfg mi fhdmtevf amgmrji. Ms elpfrtjgtm `mstjkjr qum mi ifarf `m ifs fhdmtevfs mspmkìcekfs ajrjg  ajrjgtezj tezj mi jikjgkm jikjgkm `mi fhdmtevf fhdmtevf  amgmrji  amgmr ji y ij rmsfiukeû rmsfiukeûg g `mi prfhimlj prfhimlj pijgtmj pijgtmj`f. `f. Mg ug ug mstu`ef gf bjy ug ug gôlmrf gôlmrf `mtmrleg `mtmrlegj`f j`f `m fhdmtevfs mspmkìcekfs. If elpfrtjgtm elpfrtjgtm ms cfrluijr tjgtfs kflf smjg smjg gmkmsjrefs gmkmsjrefs pjrj  ajrjgtezjr  ajrj gtezjr mi ifarf ifarf `mi fhdmtevf fhdmtevf amgmrji amgmrji y ijs rmspumst rmspumstjs js j ijs kjusjs kjusjs kijvms.

 

D][PECEKJKEFG @M IJ EGSM[PEAJKEFG Ij dustecekjkeûg `mi mstu`ef eg`ekj mi pfr quå sm quemrm quemrm bjkmr ugj egvmsteajke egvmsteajkeûg. ûg. Mxprmsj ijs rjzfgms tjgtf pmrsfgjims kflf amgmrjims amgmrj ims `mi egvmsteaj`fr, ifs jpfrtms `mi mstu`ef j `mtmrlegj`js `eskepiegjs, j ij sfiukeûg `m prfhimljs prêktekfss `m tepf frajgezjkefgji, sfkeji, prêktekf m`ukjtevf, mkfgûlekf, mkfgûlekf, kuiturji mgtrm ftrfs. Mstj pfseheietj ij iehrm iehrm mxprmseûg `mi egvmsteaj`fr egvms teaj`fr pjrj `jr j kfgfkmr ifs cug`jlmgtfs qum if lumvmg j rmjiezjr rmjiezjr mi trjhjdf. ^jrj prmsmgtjr ug j dustecekjkeûg dustecekjkeûg j`mkuj`j, mi egvmsteaj`fr `mhm

Ij dustecekjkeûg smúj smújij ij j quemgms  hmgm  hm gmce ceke kejr jrjj mi trjh tr jhjd jdf, f, mg qu quåå kfgsestm msm hmgmce hmgmcekef kef y pfr qum ms elpfrtjgtm jikjgzjrif. Ms  vmgt  vm gtjd jdfs fsff `m y rm rmkf kflm lmg` g`jh jhim im egki eg uerr fpegefgms `evmrsfs jutfr jutfrms mskiue qum, mg tårlegfs tårlegfs pfsetev pfsetevfs, fs, sm bjyjg rmcmre`f rmcm re`f j ij tmlêtekj mxpumst mxpumstjj y kuyfs pijgtmjlem pijgtmjlemgtfs gtfs jpfymg ij rmjiezjkeûg `mi mstu`ef.

prmaugtjrsm ¶^f ¶^frr quå ms elpfrtjgt elpfrtjgtmm egvmsteajr ij setujkeûg qum kfgse`mrf egvmsteajr kfgse`mrf prfhimlj.  Mg rmsulmg, ij dustecekjkeûg prmkesj pfr qum sm egvmsteaj, mxpiekj kûlf y pfr

quå sm bjkm. Eg`ekj Eg`e kj se mi rmsuitj`f `m ijkujims egvmsteajkeûg egvmsteajke temgm ugj jpiekjkeûg kfgkrmtj y pum`m pmrleter prmsupfgmr smrêgûgmsfs rmsuitj`fs y se mi prf`uktf `m ij egvmsteajk egvmsteajkeûg eûg jyu`jrê jyu`j rê j lmdfrjr sestmljs y prfkm`elemgtfs. prfkm`elemgtfs.