PLANILLA-Todos Somos SNTE
March 16, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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QFN[NDH]GN QHFÇ[B@N QFNJBFFN? [HKHP PHGHP [HKHP PHGHP PJ[C PJ[C QN]N CF @HGB[Â COC@S[BTH PC@@BHJNF KC FN PC@@BÐJ = KCF P.J.[.C. CJ MNON @NFBDH]JBN =1=1-=1=; Gcxb`nfb, Mnon @nfbdhrjbn, n >= kc gnrzh kcf =1=1
B.
QFN[NDH]GN KC Q]BJ@BQBHP
Cj cf njîfbsbs kcf kcsnrrhffh kc fhs tbcgphs n`tunfcs cj gntcrbn sbjkb`nf, hmscrvnghs quc fhs nircgbnkhs nf Pbjkb`nth Jn`bhjnf kc fhs [rnmnonkhrcs kc fn Cku`n`bðj (PJ[C) cj cf cstnkh kc Mnon @nfbdhrjbn, cxbicj y kcgnjknj uj sbjkb`nth rcjhvnkh, n`tbvh y prhphsbtbvh, quc rcdfcoc y n``bhjc `hj oustb`bn fn kcdcjsn kc `nkn ujh kc fhs gbcgmrhs quc fh `hjshfbknj `hgh tnf. tnf. ]c`fngn ]c`fngnj j fn npcrturn nf kbîfhih `hjstru`tbvh, rcsphjsnmfc, cgpîtb`h y ujbdb`nkhr, `hj ujn mnsc dbrgc, kcgð`rntn, `hjdbnmfc, quc kâ fu`en n fns jc`csbknkcs kc fhs trnmnonkhrcs kcf gnibstcrbh y vnfhrc cf bgphrtnjtc pnpcf quc kcscgpcþn âstc cj fn sh`bcknk mnon`nfbdhrjbnjn. @hjh`ckhrcs kc fn jucvn phfçtb`n cku`ntbvn jn`bhjnf y cf rhf kcf kh`cjtc `hgh nicjtc kc trnjsdhrgn`bðj sh`bnf cj Gâxb`h, ecghs kc`bkbkh prcscjtnr uj prhyc`th kc trnmnoh quc rcdfcon jucstrn `hjtrbmu`bðj n gcohrnr cf mbcjcstnr sh`bnf, fnmhrnf, c`hjðgb`h y prhdcsbhjnf kc fhs bjtcirnjtcs kcf PJ[C< prhghvbcjkh ujn gcohr `nfbknk kc vbkn y dnvhrc`bcjkh fn ghtbvn`bðj y fn sntbsdn``bðj fnmhrnf. Fn prbj`bpnf tnrcn cs trnmnonr `hj rcsphjsnmbfbknk, bjtcirbknk y rcspcth cj fn mÿsquckn kc vçns y hp`bhjcs gîs nkc`unkns, `hj cf dbj kc ntcjkcr kc gnjcrn nscrtbvn fns kcgnjkns kc fhs trnmnonkhrcs, rcdhrznjkh kc cstn gnjcrn, fn `rckbmbfbknk y fn `hjdbnjzn cj fn cstru`turn sbjkb`nf y cf mucj kcscgpcþh kc su nuthrbknk `hgh fçkcr kc uj `hfc`tbvh cku`ntbvh. Qhr tnjth, cj fn prbhrbknk kc rcstnmfc`cr cf mucj prcstbibh kc jucstrn hrinjbzn`bðj sbjkb`nf cj Mnon @nfbdhrjbn, Cstnghs `hjvcj`bkhs quc cxbstc ujn prhdujkn y scjtbkn jc`csbknk kc `ugpfbr `hj fn gbsbðj sbjkb`nf quc fc duc `hjdcrbkn, ‖rcprcscjtnr, kcdcjkcr, prhtcicr fhs kcrc`ehs y `hjqubstns fhirnkns nsç `hgh fu`enr pcrgnjcjtcgcjtc phr gcohrcs `hjkb`bhjcs fnmhrnfcs‗<
Cj cf prcscjtc
kh`ugcjth, prcscjtnghs uj `hjoujth kc prhpucstns quc suricj kc ujn pfntndhrgn kc prbj`bpbhs, jc`csbknkcs y vnfhrcs cgnjnkhs kcf ircgbh gnibstcrbnf,
gbsgn quc jhs pcrgbtbrî dhrtnfc`cr uj PJ[C bj`fuycjtc, ousth, cqubtntbvh y trnjspnrcjtc cj sus n``bhjcs, `hj npcrturn nf kbîfhih, fn jcih`bn`bðj y fn `hjstru``bðj prhphsbtbvn, mnoh uj gnr`h kc rcspcth, kcgh`rn`bn y `hj`bfbn`bðj `hj fn bkcn kc `rc`cr y gcohrnr.
Kcdcjkcrcghs fns `hjkb`bhjcs kc trnmnoh cj `hjirucj`bn `hj fn phfçtb`n cku`ntbvn kc jucstrh pnçs, pnrn `hjtrbmubr kcskc fn vbkn sbjkb`nf n fn trnjsdhrgn`bðj kcf Pbstcgn Cku`ntbvh Gcxb`njh, khjkc fhs kcrc`ehs kc fhs jbþhs, jbþns y oðvcjcs n fn cku`n`bðj kc `nfbknk scnj biunf kc bgphrtnjtcs `hgh fhs kcrc`ehs nf snfnrbh y fns `hjkb`bhjcs kbijns kc trnmnoh kc thkhs fhs quc `hjtrbmubghs nf duj`bhjngbcjth kc cstc irnj sbstcgn y fh en`cghs phsbmfc. ]cprcscjtnr n fn mnsc `hj kbijbknk, vcfnr phr sus bjtcrcscs, mrbjknr uj trnth biunfbtnrbh cs pnrtc kc jucstrn gbsbðj `hgh hrinjbzn`bðj, sustcjtnkhs sbcgprc cj ujn vbsbðj quc jhs prhyc`tn en`bn fn cx`cfcj`bn y shmrc thkh cj fn dbrgc `hjvb``bðj kc quc `hj cffh fn kbrbicj`bn kcf PJ[C sc rcbvbjkb`nrî drcjtc n sus nircgbnkhs< n`tunfgcjtc tnj jc`csbtnkhs kc su nphyh, prhtc``bðj y rcspnfkh.
BB.
GBPBÐJ
Sjn Hrinjbzn`bðj Pbjkb`nf rc`hjh`bkn n jbvcf jn`bhjnf quc hdrc`c n thkhs fhs `hgpnþcrhs kc fn Pc``bðj = kcf P.J[C kc Mnon @nfbdhrjbn, fn bgnicj `hjshfbknkn cj su qucen`cr `htbkbnjh, kc ujn sc``bðj hrinjbznkn, ujbkn, cdb`bcjtc y `hgmntbvn< quc dnvhrc`c fn biunfknk, cqubknk y cf prbj`bpbh kc kcrc`eh cj fns hphrtujbknkcs, prbvbfcibn fn trnjspnrcj`bn, fn ehjcstbknk y fn rcjkb`bðj kc `ucjtns cj su icstbðj, kcjtrh kc uj gnr`h kc rcspcth, `hjvbvcj`bn pfurnf y `hgprhgbsh cj su gntcrbn kc trnmnoh< mrbjknjkh uj scrvb`bh hphrtujh, bjtcrn`tbvh, cdb`bcjtc y cdb`nz, quc rc`upcrc y shfbkbdb`n fn `hjdbnjzn y cf rc`hjh`bgbcjth kc thkhs sus nircgbnkhs.
BBB.
TBPBÐJ
Phghs fn gcohr Pc``bðj kcf PJ[C, mnsn su icstbðj cj fhs prbj`bpbhs kc? ujbknk, pfurnfbknk, kcgh`rn`bn, shfbknrbknk, cs bj`fuycjtc, `rçtb`n, prhphsbtbvn, `hj pcrspc`tbvn kc iâjcrh, `hgprhgctbkn `hj sus nircgbnkhs n trnvâs kc ujn
icsthrçn cdb`bcjtc, trnjspnrcjtc, rcsphjsnmfc, y ehjcstn. @hrrcsphjsnmfc cj fn kcdcjsn kc fn cku`n`bðj pÿmfb`n, fnb`n, irntubtn, eugnjbstn y kc `nfbknk `hj cqubknk, kcdcjshrn cj thkh ghgcjth y `br`ujstnj`bn kc fhs kcrc`ehs kc fhs trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj.
Fu`enjkh sbcgprc phr knr shfu`bðj shfu`bðj prhjtn y
hphrtujn n fns jc`csbknkcs kc fn mnsc.
BT.
TNFH]CP R @HGQ]HGBPHP Ehjcstbknk
Kbijbknk
Pcrvb`bh
]cspcth
Phfbknrbknk
[rnjspnrcj`bn
@hjirucj`bn
]csphjsnmbfbknk
Kbs`bpfbjn
@hrkurn
Qfurnfbknk
Cqubknk
Eugnjbsgh
Bjstbtu`bhjnfbknk Cjtrcin Bgpnr`bnfbknk Icjcrhsbknk Fcnftnk
Bj`fusbðj
T.
QHFÇ[B@N KC @NFBKNK
]cspctnr fn cstru`turn sbjkb`nf y sus ðrinjhs kc ihmbcrjh bgpufsnjkh fn `nfbknk y fn bj`fusbðj, `hj cf hmoctbvh cs inrnjtbznr uj scrvb`bh cdb`bcjtc y cdb`nz pnrn fhs nircgbnkhs, prbvbfcibnjkh ujn `hgujb`n`bðj pcrgnjcjtc y nscrtbvn cj fn shfu`bðj hphrtujn kc thkns nqucffns prhmfcgîtb`ns y sbtun`bhjcs quc nquconj n fhs nircgbnkhs.
TB.
D.H.K.N.
DH][NFC_NP? Pcr cf Pbjkb`nth Jn`bhjnf gîs irnjkc kc Ngârb`n Fntbjn. Fhs Ðrinjhs kc Ihmbcrjh. N`hrkc n fn jucvn Fcy kc cfc``bðj cfc``bðj kc fhs sbjkb`nths, kcskc tbcgph ntrîs. ]cspcth n fn Cstru`turn Pbjkb`nf (Jn`bhjnf, Cstntnf Pc``bhjnf, Kcfcin`bhjnf y ]cprcscjtnjtcs kc Cs`ucfn) ]c`ursh eugnjh prhdcsbhjnfgcjtc prcpnrnkh. Cqubknk y Iâjcrh
Njtc`ckcjtc ebstðrb`h
KCMBFBKNKCP? Dnftn kc vbj`ufn`bðj `hj fn sh`bcknk y hrinjbzn`bhjcs nkecrcjtcs. Gçjbgn prcscj`bn cj fhs gckbhs kc `hgujb`n`bðj. Kcs`hjh`bgbcjth kc fhs cstntuths sbjkb`nfcs kc fn mnsc y kbrbicjtcs. Nuscj`bn kc n`cr`ngbcjth `hj htrns sc``bhjcs sbjkb`nfcs. Dnftn kc n`cr`ngbcjth `hj fn mnsc cj fns cs`ucfns.
Jc`csbknk y scjtbkh Kcsbjtcrâs kc cj bkcjtbknk fns jhrgns ourçkb`nskckcfpcrtcjcj`bn. sc`thr cku`ntbvh y fns sbjkb`nfcs. Qfurnfbknk. Dnftn kc thfcrnj`bn c bj`fusbðj. Dnftn kc [rnjspnrcj`bn cj cf Cocr`b`bh Pbjkb`nf.
NGCJN_NP? Ghvbgbcjths kc iruphs cxtcrjhs cxtcrjhs bj`hjdhrgcs, `hj fhs quc jh sc en ffcinkh n n`ucrkhs kcskc en`c tbcgph. Kcirnkn`bðj kc fn Bgnicj kcf gncstrh y fn dbiurn kcf fçkcr fçkcr sbjkb`nf. Ngcjnzns kc n`thrcs bjtcrjhs cj `hjtrn kc fn prhpbn hrinjbzn`bðj sbjkb`nf, sbjkb`nf,
ghvbkhs phr bjtcrcscs pcrshjnfcs, kconjkh kc fnkh fn prhtc``bðj y rcspnfkh kc fn mnsc trnmnonkhrn, rnzðj kc scr kc thkh sbjkb`nth. Kcs`hjdbnjzn y rcpukbh kc ujn sbijbdb`ntbvn sbijbdb`ntbvn pnrtc kc fhs trnmnonkhrcs `hj sus rcprcscjtnjtcs sbjkb`nfcs phr fn npntçn gnjbdcstnkn cj fn rcshfu`bðj kc `hjdfb`ths. Fn prhmfcgîtb`n icjcrnkn cj gntcrbn kc `ngmbhs, mnsbdb`n`bðj mnsbdb`n`bðj y pnih kc snfnrbhs kcvcjinkhs sbj rcshfvcr. D.H.J.C. y thkn fn prhmfcgîtb`n kc pnihs quc cffh en icjcrnkh. icjcrnkh. ]cdhrgn fnmhrnf jh `hjscjsunkn y fh knþhs `hfntcrnfcs kc fn gbsgn.
Î]CNP KC HQH][SJBKNK? Qnrtb`bpn`bðj kc thkhs. @npn`btn`bðj y cku`n`bðj `hjtbjun. Cgphkcrngbcjth kcf trnmnonkhr kc fn cku`n`bðj. Cj`nuznr cf rc`ursh eugnjh cxbstcjtc gckbnjtc n`ucrkhs `hj cf BPCQ BPCQ quc inrnjtb`cj fn cstnmbfbknk fnmhrnf kc fhs `hgpnþcrhs. Bkcjtbdb`nr y `njnfbznr nphyhs cxtcrjhs. Ph`bcknk y pnkrcs kc dngbfbn. Gcohrn kcf snfnrbh y prcstn`bhjcs kcf trnmnonkhr. Phfu`bðj n fns prhmfcgîtb`ns cxbstcjtcs. Kbrbicjtcs jucvhs fbsths fbsths pnrn prcpnrnrsc cj gntcrbn sbjkb`nf y cocr`cr `hj
vnfhrcs. Jucvhs fbjcngbcjths kc SPB@NGG.
Bj`hrphrn`bðj kc oðvcjcs n fn mnsc. Hdb`bjns cj thkhs fhs gujb`bpbhs. Jucvh ihmbcrjh cj cf cstnkh.
TBB.
◈
HMOC[BTHP N``bðj phfçtb`n. @hjstrubr ujn prhpucstn phfçtb`n y sh`bnf quc pcrgbtn phsb`bhjnr n fn Pc``bðj = `hgh n`thr prhtniðjb`h y shfbknrbh, quc dhrtnfcz`n jucstrn pnrtb`bpn`bðj cj fn thgn kc kc`bsbhjcs cj fn nicjkn kcf Ihmbcrjh kcf Cstnkh kc Mnon @nfbdhrjbn, `hj fn dbjnfbknk kc quc fhs trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj y thkh cf quc fn en`c phsbmfc nf`nj`c gcohrcs jbvcfcs kc vbkn.
◈
@hgujb`n`bðj Bjtcrjn y Cxtcrjn. Dhrtnfc`cr y hptbgbznr fhs `njnfcs nkc`unkhs quc `hjtrbmuynj n ujn gcohr `hgujb`n`bðj, bjdhrgn`bðj y rctrhnfbgcjtn`bðj kc fns n``bhjcs y csducrzhs kc jucstrh @hgbtâ Coc`utbvh Jn`bhjnf y Pc``bhjnf cj
dhrgn hphrtujn cjtrc fhs nircgbnkhs kc jucstrn hrinjbzn`bðj, `hgujb`njkh kc gnjcrn cdc`tbvn kc nrrbmn en`bn nmnoh y vb`cvcrsn cj dhrgn y tbcgph. Qrhghvcr uj ngmbcjtc kc bjtcrn``bðj y rcspcth `hj fhs gckbhs kc
`hgujb`n`bðj, bgprcshs y cfc`trðjb`hs pnrn kbdujkbr cj fn hpbjbðj pÿmfb`n fhs nvnj`cs y fhirhs kcf Qrhyc`th Pbjkb`nf kc fhs trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj kc fn Pc``bðj =, y kc jucstrh @hgbtâ Coc`utbvh sc``bhjnf.
◈
Qhfçtb`n kc nfbnjzns.
Dhrgnr vçj`ufhs `hj hrinjbzn`bhjcs jh iumcrjngcjtnfcs (HJI‒P),
phfçtb`ns, sh`bnfcs, nsç `hgh `hj htrns hrinjbzn`bhjcs sbjkb`nfcs, mnoh prbj`bpbhs kc rcspcth, shfbknrbknk y nuthjhgçn, nfcjtnjkh fn pnrtb`bpn`bðj kc fn Dckcrn`bðj Kcgh`rîtb`n kc Pbjkb`nths kc Pcrvbkhrcs Qÿmfb`hs (DCKCPPQ).
Qrhghvcr `hjvcjbhs c bjtcr`ngmbhs quc `hjtrbmuynj n kcsnrrhffnr
prhdcsbhjnfgcjtc pnrtb`bpnjtcs.
n
fhs
gbcgmrhs
kc
fns
hrinjbzn`bhjcs
Dhrgn`bðj kc ujn Jucvn @ufturn Qhfçtb`h-Pbjkb`nf. Qh fçtb`h-Pbjkb`nf.
Qrhghvcr fn dhrgn`bðj, `npn`btn`bðj y n`tunfbzn`bðj pcrgnjcjtc kc `unkrhs phfçtb`h-sbjkb`nfcs.
Qrhghvcr fn dhrgn`bðj, `npn`btn`bðj y n`tunfbzn`bðj pcrgnjcjtc kc `unkrhs kc fçkcrcs fçkcrcs sh`bnfcs y pnkrcs kc dngbfbn dngbfbn pnrn dhgcjtnr cf dhrtnfc`bgbcjth kc ujn `ufturn phfçtb`n y `çvb`n quc nfbcjtc fn pnrtb`bpn`bðj kc fn `buknknjçn y htrns hrinjbzn`bhjcs sbjkb`nfcs cj `hhrkbjn`bðj `hj cf @hgbtâ Cstntnf kc N``bðj Qhfçtb`n y fn Dckcrn`bðj Kcgh`rîtb`n kc Pbjkb`nths kc Pcrvbkhrcs Qÿmfb`hs (DCKCPPQ).
Cj cf gnr`h kc pfurnfbknk cstntutnrbh, cstntutnrbh, y n trnvâs kcf @hgbtâ Cstntnf kc N``bðj Qhfçtb`n, rcnfbznr fns n`tbvbknkcs kc hmscrvn`bðj cfc`thrnf, `hhrkbjnjkh nqucffns cj quc sc ouziuc jc`csnrbn fn pnrtb`bpn`bðj kc fhs trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj kc jucstrn Pc``bðj =.
◈
Icsthrçn cdb`nz y trnjspnrcjtc. ]ntbdb`nr cf `hgprhgbsh kc rcnfbznr fn icsthrçn sbjkb`nf? cdc`tbvn, ehjcstn, trnjspnrcjtc, rcsphjsnmfc y cxpckbtn.
◈
@hrrcsphjsnmbfbknk `hj fn cku`n`bðj pÿmfb`n kc `nfbknk. Qnrtb`bpnr y prhghvcr cj fn trnjsdhrgn`bðj quc cf sbstcgn cku`ntbvh rcqubcrn pnrn `hjstrubr ujn vcrknkcrn cs`ucfn pÿmfb`n kc `nfbknk, cj `hrrcsphjsnmbfbknk `hj fns nuthrbknkcs y pnkrcs kc dngbfbn n trnvâs kc fhs @hjscohs Cs`hfnrcs kc Qnrtb`bpn`bðj Ph`bnf pnrn `hjshfbknr fn Jucvn Cs`ucfn Gcxb`njn.
◈
Cqubknk kc iâjcrh. Qrhghvcr phfçtb`ns ndbrgntbvns quc ffcvcj n fn cqubknk kc iâjcrh, mus`njkh quc guocrcs y ehgmrcs pnrtb`bpcj `hgh n`thrcs kctcrgbjnjtcs cj biunfknk kc hphrtujbknkcs y `hj rcspcth n fn kbvcrsbknk, cj fhs îgmbths phfçtb`h, c`hjðgb`h, sh`bnf y sbjkb`nf kc jucstrh cstnkh.
◈
Kcdcjsn y prhgh`bðj kc fhs kcrc`ehs kc fhs trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj. @hjshfbknr fns `hjqubstns y nvnj`cs fhirnkhs phr cf @.C.J. kcf PJ[C y fn Pc``bðj =< kcdcjkcr y prhghvcr pcrgnjcjtcgcjtc fhs kcrc`ehs kc fhs trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj, utbfbznjkh thkhs fhs gckbhs quc cf gnr`h ourçkb`h phjc n jucstrh nf`nj`c.
◈
]cspcth n fn cstru`turn sbjkb`nf y n fhs n`ucrkhs `hjscjsunkhs.
]cspctnr y knr `ugpfbgbcjth n fhs n`ucrkhs quc cgnjcj kc fn
cstru`turn sbjkb`nf, y fhs ðrinjhs kc ihmbcrjh kc jucstrn hrinjbzn`bðj.
TBBB.
CP[]N[CIBN
Sjbknk cj fn n``bðj `hj rcspcth n fn kbvcrsbknk, pfurnfbknk, thfcrnj`bn y fcinfbknk bjtcrjn khjkc sc prbvbfcibc fn ehjcstbknk y y cdb`bcj`bn cj fn icstbðj< `hrrcsphjsnmfc `hj ujn cku`n`bðj pÿmfb`n kc `nfbknk y prhphsbtbvn cj cf qucen`cr phfçtb`h. Qhr tnjth, `hj fns dhrtnfczns y fns hphrtujbknkcs quc sc `ucjtn, cf rcth cs `hgmntbr fns kcmbfbknkcs y ngcjnzns n trnvâs kc fn rcnfbzn`bðj cstrntâib`n kc fns sbiubcjtcs n``bhjcs?
@hjshfbknr fn Jucvn Cs`ucfn Gcxb`njn `hj fn pnrtb`bpn`bðj kc thkhs, pnrn
trnjsdhrgnr fn Ph`bcknk cj quc vbvbghs ([rnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj, fhs kbdcrcjtcs sc`thrcs, fhs pnkrcs kc dngbfbn y fn sh`bcknk cj icjcrnf).
Nf scr uj sbjkb`nth jn`bhjnf phkcghs ghvbfbznr g hvbfbznr y trnjsdhrgnr trn jsdhrgnr fn cku`n`bðj cku` n`bðj n
trnvâs kc jucstrh rc`ursh eugnjh `npbtnfbznmfc vbj`ufîjkhjhs `hj fn sh`bcknk.
Cstnmfc`cr `hjvcjbhs `hj kbdcrcjtcs bjstbtu`bhjcs kc jbvcf supcrbhr y cf sc`thr
prhku`tbvh pnrn cjrbquc`cr fn cku`n`bðj `hjtbjun y fn supcrn`bðj prhdcsbhjnf kc fhs trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj.
Bj`cjtbvnr y dhrtnfc`cr nf trnmnonkhr kc fn cku`n`bðj phr gckbh kc fn
n`tunfbzn`bðj `hjtbjun, fn `npn`btn`bðj y cf ush kc fns tc`jhfhiçns kc bjdhrgn`bðj y `hgujb`n`bðj ([B@‒s), pnrn fhirnr su kcsnrrhffh bjtcirnf.
Icjcrnr bjb`bntbvns kc pfurnfbknk c bj`fusbðj nkcgîs kc prhirngns pnrn
kcsnrrhffnr ujn `ufturn kc cqubknk y iâjcrh.
@rcnr prhirngns kc `npn`btn`bðj y fbkcrnzih pnrn dhrtnfc`cr jucstrn
cstru`turn sbjkb`nf, cf rcspcth n fn bgnicj kcf gncstrh, y kcsnrrhffnr cf scjtbkh kc pcrtcjcj`bn.
Qrhpb`bnr fn pnrtb`bpn`bðj kc fn sh`bcknk, pnkrcs kc dngbfbn, nsç `hgh fhs
gckbhs kc `hgujb`n`bðj pnrn fn `hjtbjun`bðj y `rcn`bðj kc bjb`bntbvns kc rcdhrgn shmrc fn cku`n`bðj y jucstrn hrinjbzn`bðj.
Cgphkcrnr nf gncstrh, pnrn quc jucstrn sh`bcknk fc vcn y rc`hjhz`n ujn
jucvn bgnicj.
Pciubr dhgcjtnjkh fn `ufturn kcf nrtc y cf kcphrtc pnrn n`rc`cjtnr fn rcfn`bðj
`hj htrns sc``bhjcs ecrgnjns.
Bkcjtbdb`nr y `njnfbznr thkhs fhs nphyhs phtcj`bnfcs y cxbstcjtcs kcjtrh y
ducrn kc fn hrinjbzn`bðj pnrn cf dhrtnfc`bgbcjth kc cstn. @hjtbjunr cj fn fu`en y icjcrnr prhirngns kc `hj`bcjtbzn`bðj kc fn kcdcjsn
kc fn cku`n`bðj pÿmfb`n, fnb`n y irntubtn.
@hjtbjunr fn kbdusbðj kc jucstrhs cstntuths sbjkb`nfcs, nsç `hgh `hjtbjunr
`hj fn `npn`btn`bðj kc jucstrn cstru`turn n jbvcf kc ]cprcscjtnjtcs kc Cs`ucfn, Kcfcin`bhjnf y Pc``bhjnf, cj thrjh n fns jhrgns cstntutnrbns y fns jhrgns ourçkb`ns quc rciufnj jucstrn gntcrbn kc trnmnoh.
Bgpufsnr cf gcohrngbcjth snfnrbnf, prhdcsbhjnf y pcrshjnf kc thkhs jucstrhs
nircgbnkhs ntcjkbcjkh cj thkhs sus nspc`ths fns prhpucstns y pfnjtcngbcjths kc fhs @hgbtâs Coc`utbvhs Kcfcin`bhjnfcs, kc @cjtrh kc [rnmnoh y fns ]cprcscjtn`bhjcs kc Cs`ucfn.
[rnjspnrcjtnr cf cocr`b`bh sbjkb`nf y en`cr kc fn rcjkb`bðj kc `ucjtns ujn
`ufturn sbjkb`nf.
@rcnr phfçtb`ns kc `nfbknk njtcphjbcjkh prh`cshs kc `crtbdb`n`bðj.
QFNJ KC []NMNOH QFNJBFFN? [HKHP PHGHP PJ[C PJ[C QN]N CF @HGB[Â COC@S[BTH PC@@BHJNF KC FN PC@@BÐJ = KCF P.J.[.C. CJ MNON @NFBDH]JBN =1=1-=1=; [bounjn, Mnon @nfbdhrjbn, n >= kc gnrzh kc =1=1
BU.
QFNJ KC []NMNOH
Cj dc`ens prðxbgns, kc n`ucrkh `hj fn `hjvh`nthrbn quc pnrn cdc`th cxpbkn cf @hgbtâ Coc`utbvh Jn`bhjnf, sc cdc`tunrî cf @NGMBH KC KB]C@[BTN kc jucstrn Pc``bðj = kcf PJ[C cj Mnon @nfbdhrjbn, @nfbdhrjbn, mus`njkh fn kcgh`rn`bn y cf `ugpfbgbcjth `nmnf n fn rcdhrgn kc fn cfc``bðj kc sbjkb`nths cj cf pnçs< gnjbdcstnghs icjubjh bjtcrâs kc pnrtb`bpnr cj fn cfc``bðj kcf jucvh @hgbtâ Coc`utbvh Pc``bhjnf quc cocr`crî sus duj`bhjcs kurnjtc cf pcrçhkh =1=1-=1=;, pnrn fh `unf prcscjtnghs cf sbiubcjtc pfnj kc trnmnoh quc prctcjkc cj gntcrbn kc ?
>. PC@]C[N]ÇN ICJC]NF ]cprcscjtnr n `nkn ujh kc fhs nircgbnkhs njtc fhs ðrinjhs supcrbhrcs
kcf sbjkb`nth y njtc tcr`crhs `hj trnjspnrcj`bn y kbijbknk, npcinkh cj thkh ghgcjth n fhs cstntuths, vnfhrcs, oustb`bn y cqubknk.
c bgpufsnr fns n`tbvbknkcs quc sc prhphjinj cj cf @hgbtâ Kbrbibr Coc`utbvh Pc``bhjnf cj mcjcdb`bh kc thkhs fhs nircgbnkhs, sbj kbstbj`bðj nfiujn.
Kcsbijnr fns `hgbsbhjcs quc rcqubcrn cf trnmnoh sbjkb`nf kc fn Pc``bðj =
kcf PJ[C kc ujn gnjcrn rcsphjsnmfc, phjbcjkh cspc`bnf ntcj`bðj cj quc sc kcsbijnrîj pnrn kb`ens n`tbvbknkcs n fhs `hgpnþcrhs `hj fn gnyhr `npn`bknk pnrn fn rcnfbzn`bðj kc cstns, nuthrbznjkh fn kh`ugcjtn`bðj jc`csnrbn `hj fn dbrgn kc fn Pc`rctnrbn Icjcrnf.
Bjdhrgnr n fhs gbcgmrhs kc fn Pc``bðj = kcf PJ[C kc fhs nsujths cj
trîgbtc< shfb`btnr kc âsths fn gnyhr bjdhrgn`bðj y kh`ugcjtn`bðj pnrn ujn gcohr thgn kc kc`bsbhjcs, mnsnkh cj fn fcinfbknk y trnjspnrcj`bn cj mcjcdb`bh kc thkhs fhs nircgbnkhs.
N trnvâs kc k c fn Pc`rctnrçn Pc`r ctnrçn kc Hrinjbzn`bðj, `hjvh`nr cj tbcgph y dhrgn n
fns scsbhjcs kcf @hgbtâ Coc`utbvh Pc``bhjnf, prcsbkbcjkh y fcinfbznjkh fns n`tns `hrrcsphjkbcjtcs, rcspctnjkh fns jhrgns cstntutnrbns.
Nphynr y rcspnfknr n fhs nircgbnkhs kc fn sc``bðj = kcf PJ[C cj fn
fu`en njtc `unfqubcr bjstnj`bn quc ntcjtc `hjtrn fn sciurbknk sh`bnf, c`hjðgb`n y fnmhrnf kc fhs trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj kc jucstrn
hrinjbzn`bðj sbjkb`nf, cvbtnjkh scnj fnstbgnkhs cj sus kcrc`ehs fnmhrnfcs y eugnjhs. çjkhfc prhphjbcjkh Mrbjknr cf sciubgbcjth n prhmfcgîtb`ns kc `unfqubcr çjkhfc
shfu`bhjcs oustns y hphrtujns cj rcspucstn.
En`cr ffcinr kc gnjcrn bjgckbntn fn bjdhrgn`bðj quc cgnjc kcf
Pbjkb`nth Jn`bhjnf kc [rnmnonkhrcs kc fn Cku`n`bðj (PJ[C) n `nkn nircgbnkh n trnvâs kc fn cstru`turn sbjkb`nf.
Fns n``bhjcs quc `nkn sc`rctnrçn rcnfb`c kcmcrîj scr kc `hjh`bgbcjth
kcf `hgbtâ sc``bhjnf, prcscjtnrfns prcvbngcjtc n su coc`u`bðj cj fns rcujbhjcs trbgcstrnfcs y `hjtnr `hj fn dbrgn kc vbsth mucjh kc fn Pc`rctnrbn Icjcrnf. ^ucknrî phr cs`rbth, y cjtrcinkh n fn Pc`rctnrçn kc Hrinjbzn`bðj pnrn su Nr`ebvh (pfnj kc trnmnoh). r c`nmnr fns cvbkcj`bns c vbkcj`bns kc fns N trnvâs kc fn Pc`rctnrçn kc Hrinjbzn`bðj, rc`nmnr
n``bhjcs kc `nkn sc`rctnrçn n fh fnrih kc thkn fn icstbðj (bjdhrgc kc n`tbvbknkcs), pnrn bjtcirnrfn n fn `nrpctn quc `hjdhrgnrî cf nr`ebvh c bjvcjtnrbh kcf @hgbtâ Coc`utbvh Pc``bhjnf.
=. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC H]INJB_N@BÐJ Qrhphjcr, prhghvcr y `hhrkbjnr fhs fbjcngbcjths pnrn cf gcohrngbcjth kc
fn icstbðj sbjkb`nf y nkgbjbstrntbvn, fn sbgpfbdb`n`bðj y nuthgntbzn`bðj kc trîgbtcs y prh`cshs kc icstbðj cj fn @hhrkbjn`bðj Gujb`bpnf h rcibðj, nsç `hgh knrfcs sciubgbcjth, cvnfun`bðj y kbdusbðj kc fhs rcsuftnkhs.
Bgpufsnr y prhghvcr fn `ufturn hrinjbzn`bhjnf hrbcjtnkn n hptbgbznr fhs
prh`cshs kc icstbðj y prhdcsbhjnfbzn`bðj kcf sbjkb`nth, cj fhs jbvcfcs Kcfcin`bhjnfcs, @cjtrhs kc [rnmnoh y ]cprcscjtn`bhjcs kc Cs`ucfn.
Cfnmhrnr y prhphjcr fhs fbjcngbcjths quc kcmcrî hmscrvnr fn
hrinjbzn`bðj sbjkb`nf cj gntcrbn kc pfnjcn`bðj y kcsnrrhffh bjtcirnf, pnrn bjstrugcjtnr gc`njbsghs kc hrinjbzn`bðj, gâthkhs y prh`ckbgbcjths kc trnmnoh quc gcohrcj fn ntcj`bðj y cf scrvb`bh n fhs nircgbnkhs.
Kbscþnr y cfnmhrnr fhs gnjunfcs kc hrinjbzn`bðj, prh`cshs, phfçtb`ns,
pcrdbfcs, pucsths y duj`bhjcs kcf sbjkb`nth.
Bgpufsnr y `hjtrbmubr nf kcsnrrhffh kc fhs kbvcrshs prhirngns kc trnmnoh
kcf sbjkb`nth, prbj`bpnfgcjtc cj fns kcfcin`bhjcs, rcprcscjtn`bhjcs kc cs`ucfn y `cjtrhs kc trnmnoh.
@hhrkbjnr y vbibfnr fn npfb`n`bðj kc fhs fbjcngbcjths pnrn cf gcohrngbcjth
kc fn icstbðj sbjkb`nf y nkgbjbstrntbvn, kcdbjbkhs phr cf @hgbtâ Coc`utbvh Pc``bhjnf. ]cprcscjtnr shfbknrbngcjtc `hj fn Pc`rctnrçn Icjcrnf n fn Pc``bðj = y
ffcvnr fhs nsujths kc su `hgpctcj`bn njtc fns bjstnj`bns y nuthrbknkcs `hrrcsphjkbcjtcs.
Ffcvnr n `nmh fns n`tbvbknkcs quc pcrgbtnj ujn gcohr nkc`un`bðj kc fns
cstru`turns y duj`bhjngbcjth kc fns kcfcin`bhjcs, rcprcscjtnjtcs kc cs`ucfn y `cjtrhs kc trnmnoh, `hjtrbmuycjkh n gnjtcjcr y dhrtnfc`cr fn ujbknk kc sus bjtcirnjtcs.
Gnjtcjcr fn hrinjbzn`bðj y rcsphjsnmbfbknk kcf rcibstrh n`tunfbznkh kc
Pc`rctnrbhs Icjcrnfcs Kcfcin`bhjnfcs y sus `hgbtâs< kc @cjtrh kc [rnmnoh y ]cprcscjtnjtcs kc Cs`ucfn, nsç `hgh cf pnkrðj icjcrnf kc nircgbnkhs.
Hrinjbznr y pfnjbdb`nr fns `npn`btn`bhjcs gckbnjtc `urshs-tnffcrcs pnrn
kbrbicjtcs sbjkb`nfcs kc thkhs fhs jbvcfcs jbvcfcs kc fn cstru`turn sbjkb`nf.
Cj `hhrkbjn`bðj `hj cf @hfcibnkh kc ]cfn`bhjcs, Tbj`ufn`bðj Ph`bnf y
Hrinjbzn`bhjcs Nkecrcjtcs, kcmcrî prhghvcr njtc cf Pbstcgn Cku`ntbvh Cstntnf fn `hjstbtu`bðj kc fhs @hjscohs Cs`hfnrcs kc Qnrtb`bpn`bðj Qn rtb`bpn`bðj Ph`bnf.
Stbfbznr y ngpfbnr fhs cspn`bhs kc fn pîibjn wcm pnrn fn kbdusbðj kcf
trnmnoh kc fhs kbvcrshs `hfcibnkhs.
Gnjtcjcr n`tunfbznkh cf sbstcgn kc `rckcj`bnfbzn`bðj kc fhs kbrbicjtcs
sbjkb`nfcs y kc thkhs fhs gbcgmrhs quc bjtcirnj jucstrh ircgbh sbjkb`nf.
Hrinjbznr, `hjh`cr y rcsiunrknr fhs pfnjcs kc trnmnoh c bjdhrgc kc
n`tbvbknkcs, quc `nkn ujn kc fns sc`rctnrçns kcf `hgbtâ sc``bhjnf cjtrcinrî `nkn 4 gcscs, pnrn su njîfbsbs y nprhmn`bðj cj `hjoujth `hj cf Pc`rctnrbh Icjcrnf kc fn sc``bðj = kcf PJ[C.
0. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC []NMNOH R @HJDFB@[HP KC [HKHP FHP JBTCFCP Ntcjkcr y nphynr prhn`tbvngcjtc n fhs sc`rctnrbhs icjcrnfcs y fns
jc`csbknkcs quc sus nircgbnkhs prcscjtcj, pnrn quc fn icstbðj cj fns kcfcin`bhjcs sbjkb`nfcs y `cjtrhs kc trnmnoh scn gîs cdc`tbvn
Cstnmfc`cr uj gc`njbsgh cdb`bcjtc pnrn quc fns nsngmfcns hrkbjnrbns y
cxtrnhrkbjnrbns sc rcnfb`cj `nkn >51 kçns rcspctnjkh fh cstnmfc`bkh cj fhs Cstntuths kcf PJ[C< vbibfnjkh cj `hjoujth `hj fn Pc`rctnrçn kc Hrinjbzn`bðj, quc fhs `ngmbhs kcfcin`bhjnfcs y rcprcscjtnjtcs kc `cjtrhs kc trnmnoh sc ffcvcj n `nmh cj tbcgph y dhrgn sbj kbstbj`bðj nfiujn.
Tbibfnr quc sc gnjtcjin n`tunfbznkh cf rcibstrh kc fhs gbcgmrhs kc fns
kcfcin`bhjcs y `cjtrhs kc trnmnoh< cfnmhrnr ujn cstnkçstb`n kcjtrh kc fhs sbiubcjtcs rumrhs? prhmfcgns fnmhrnfcs, kc pnih, vbvbcjkn, scrvb`bh gâkb`h, `npn`btn`bðj, prhdcsbhjnfbzn`bðj y n`tunfbzn`bðj phr gckbh kc fhs kbrbicjtcs sbjkb`nfcs pnrn icstbhjnr shfu`bhjcs.
Icstbhjnr njtc DHJC fn bgpfcgcjtn`bðj kc vcjtnjbffns ÿjb`ns cj fhs
gujb`bpbhs pnrn quc fhs trnmnonkhrcs pucknj en`cr fhs trîgbtcs kc dhrgn kbrc`tn y prcscj`bnf njtc cstc cjtc iumcrjngcjtnf, cxbibcjkh sc hptbgb`c fn rcvbsbðj kc fns `fnvcs, cf prh`csh kc fn kh`ugcjtn`bðj cjtrcinkn, sc cgbtn bjdhrgc kc fn prhmfcgîtb`n cxbstcjtc, y sc rcspctc fn vnfbkn`bðj kcjtrh kc fhs ;3 kçns cstnmfc`bkhs, `hj cf hmoctbvh quc fhs pnihs scnj n tbcgph.
Icstbhjnr njtc fn nuthrbknk `hrrcsphjkbcjtc fn bgpfcgcjtn`bðj kc
jðgbjn cxtrnhrkbjnrbn DHJC kc gnjcrn cxpckbtn pnrn cf `hmrh kc snfnrbhs kcvcjinkhs.
Icstbhjnr njtc fns nuthrbknkcs `hrrcsphjkbcjtcs fn shfu`bðj uricjtc nf
irnj prhmfcgn quc rcprcscjtn fn `hjstnj`bn kc ‖JH NKCSKH‗ quc sc
cxpbkc phr pnrtc kcf Kcpnrtngcjth kc Qninkurçn `unjkh cf trnmnonkhr shfb`btn fn fb`cj`bn sbjkb`nf sbj ih`c kc sucfkh phr Nrtç`ufh ;0 kc fn Fcy Dckcrnf kc fhs [rnmnonkhrcs nf Pcrvb`bh kcf Cstnkh, sc shfb`btnrî nf BPCQ sc bgpfcgcjtc cstrntcibn cdc`tbvn quc rcsucfvn kc gnjcrn bjgckbntn tnj
kcfb`nkh y scjsbmfc prhmfcgn quc nqucon y vbhfcjtn cf kcrc`eh kc fhs trnmnonkhrcs kc fn Pc``bðj = kcf PJ[C.
@hjtbjunr `hj fhs vçj`ufhs cjtrc cf Ðrinjh kc Ihmbcrjh kcf PJ[C
Pc``bðj = y cf Pbstcgn Cku`ntbvh Cstntnf, `hj fn dbjnfbknk kc `hjtbjunr cf trnmnoh cj `hjoujth cj uj gnr`h kc rcspcth. Gnjtcjbcjkh nf PJ[C `hgh vbibfnjtc kcf prh`csh kc nsbijn`bðj kc pfnzns kh`cjtcs, cf `unf sc rcnfbznrî `hj fcinfbknk, mus`njkh quc jh scnj vufjcrnkhs fhs kcrc`ehs kc fhs `hgpnþcrhs kc mnsc.
Cstnmfc`cr cf `hjku`th phr cf `unf sc fhirc gnjtcjcr fn bjdhrgn`bðj
n`tunfbznkn shmrc cf prh`csh kc n`cptn`bðj kc fhs ghvbgbcjths kc pcrshjnf quc shj rc`bmbkhs cj BPCQ.
Gnjtcjcr n`tunfbznkh cf dhrgnth kc prhmfcgns kc pnih `hj fhs knths
`hgpfcths kcf trnmnonkhr pnrn quc scn duj`bhjnf c bjdhrgnr fns bj`bkcj`bns kc pnih quc sc prcscjtnj n fns nuthrbknkcs `hgpctcjtcs.
Hrinjbznr kc gnjcrn cdb`bcjtc fn kh`ugcjtn`bðj cjtrcinkn phr kbrbicjtcs
sbjkb`nfcs pnrn cvbtnr fn bjjc`csnrbn kupfb`bknk kc kh`ugcjths cj trîgbtcs quc shj rc`urrcjtcs.
@hjh`cr y rcsiunrknr fhs pfnjcs kc trnmnoh kc `nkn @hgbtâ Kcfcin`bhjnf
y ]cprcscjtnjtc kc @cjtrh kc [rnmnoh `hj cf hmoctbvh kc mrbjknr nphynr cj cf sciubgbcjth kc cstc, kc tnf dhrgn quc thkhs fhs trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj `hjhz`nj kcf `ugpfbgbcjth kc fns n`tbvbknkcs pfnjcnkns nf ghgcjth kc fn cfc``bðj kc sus rcprcscjtnjtcs.
;. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC DBJNJ_NP Cf @hgbtâ Coc`utbvh Pc``bhjnf kcmcrî gnjtcjcr cj rcsiunrkh y rcnfbznr
uj `hrrc`th gnjcoh fhs rc`urshs y fns `uhtns sbjkb`nfcs.
]cnfbznr prcsupucsth kc circshs npcinkh n fns n`tbvbknkcs sbjkb`nfcs,
nkgbjbstrntbvns, sh`bnfcs y kc icstbðj `hj trnjspnrcj`bn y fcinfbknk.
Ffcvnr cf fbmrh kc bjircshs y circshs kc fhs insths quc hrbibjcj fns
n`tbvbknkcs kcf PJ[C `hj dn`turns kc fhs insths, gckbnjtc fn dbrgn quc fh n`rckbtc.
Qrhghvcr fn pnrtb`bpn`bðj kc fhs nircgbnkhs cj cf kbdcrcj`bnf kc rctbrh kc
fhs trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj.
Cstnmfc`cr phfçtb`ns quc cj gntcrbn kc nkgbjbstrn`bðj y dbjnjzns
pcrgbtnj cdb`bcj`bn dbjnj`bcrn y cf `ubknkh kcf pntrbghjbh sbjkb`nf kc fn Pc``bðj = kcf PJ[C.
]cvbsnr cf rc`ursh c`hjðgb`h kc n`ucrkh `hj fn gcgmrcsçn y n fn vcz
cjtrcinr kc dhrgn hphrtujn fns pnrtb`bpn`bhjcs quc `hrrcsphjkcj n fns kcfcin`bhjcs sbjkb`nfcs y rcprcscjtn`bhjcs kc `cjtrh kc trnmnoh kc fn cjtbknk.
Qhjcr n kbsphsb`bðj kcf @hgbtâ Coc`utbvh Pc``bhjnf y @hjtrnfhrçn fn
kh`ugcjtn`bðj quc oustbdbquc y `hgprucmc fhs ghvbgbcjths kc dhjkhs y knr fns dn`bfbknkcs pnrn quc sc cdc`tÿcj fns rcvbsbhjcs h nukbthrbn quc sc rcqubcrnj pnrn fn gcohr npfb`n`bðj kcf prcsupucsth kc fn Pc``bðj = kcf PJ[C. ]cjkbr bjdhrgc `hj rcsphjsnmbfbknk y trnjspnrcj`bn shmrc fhs bjircshs y
circshs kc fn Pc``bðj = kcf PJ[C, cj tbcgph y dhrgc `hjdhrgc nf cstntuth.
3. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC QCJPBHJNKHP R OSMBFNKHP Mus`nr y prhghvcr cspn`bhs rc`rcntbvhs, kc kcs`njsh y scrvb`bhs
gâkb`hs kc `nfbknk cj nphyh kcf mbcjcstnr kc fhs `hgpnþcrhs pcjsbhjnkhs y oumbfnkhs.
Qrhghvcr y jcih`bnr fn nuthrbzn`bðj kc kcs`ucjths, prbvbfcibhs y nphyhs
quc pucknj mcjcdb`bnr fn cstnmbfbknk c`hjhgçn kc fhs trnmnonkhrcs pcjsbhjnkhs y oumbfnkhs.
Cstnr nf pcjkbcjtc kc fns sbtun`bhjcs quc vbvnj fhs pcjsbhjnkhs y
oumbfnkhs shmrc fn cdb`bcj`bn kc fhs scrvb`bhs gâkb`hs quc prcstn cf BPPP[C n fhs nircgbnkhs.
Kh`ugcjtnr fns qucons kcf scrvb`bh kc BPPP[C kc fhs gbcgmrhs kc fns
kcfcin`bhjcs kc oumbfnkhs y shfb`btnr `hpbn kc fns cvbkcj`bns pnrn cjtrcinr n fns nuthrbknkcs kc fn bjstbtu`bðj `hj cf dbj kc cj`hjtrnr
shfu`bhjcs h cj su kcdc`th rcnfbznr ujn n`fnrn`bðj bjgckbntn n fns cvcjtunfbknkcs quc sc prcscjtcj.
]cnfbznr cstnkçstb`n quc jhs pcrgbtn kctc`tnr cf tbph kc scrvb`bh gâkb`h
quc prcscjtn kcdb`bcj`bn nf ghgcjth kc fn ntcj`bðj kc fhs nircgbnkhs tnjth oumbfnkhs `hgh n`tbvhs kcf BPPP[C. Bjdhrgnr phr cs`rbth y cvbkcj`bns n fn Pc`rctnrçn Icjcrnf pnrn ffcvnr n `nmh fns icstbhjcs njtc fns nuthrbknkcs sbjkb`nfcs kcf îrcn.
Icstbhjnr pnrn fhs oumbfnkhs y pcjsbhjnkhs njtcrbhrcs n >224, quc injnj
gcjhs kc $>1,111.11 (Kbcz gbf pcshs 11/>11 g.j.), quc n trnvâs kcf kbdcrcj`bnf kc rctbrh quc hthrin cf Ihmbcrjh kcf Cstnkh pnufntbjngcjtc sc fcs enin cdc`tbvh ujn pcjsbðj gçjbgn enstn phr csn `njtbknk y/h sc fcs hthriuc fn nyukn eugnjbtnrbn quc n`tunfgcjtc mcjcdb`bn n ;11 `hgpnþcrhs.
y/h kcgnjknr njtc fns nuthrbknkcs kcf Ihmbcrjh kcf Cstnkh y/h Icstbhjnr fhs trbmujnfcs fnmhrnfcs fn shfu`bðj nf prhmfcgn kc pnih kc fn prbgn kc njtbiöcknk kc fhs `hgpnþcrhs quc sc oumbfnrhj cj fhs nþhs kc >22= n >22;.
Cj `hhrkbjn`bðj `hj cf BPPP[C c BPCQ sc mus`nrî bgpfcgcjtnr uj
prh`csh kc oumbfn`bðj prnigîtb`h y cdb`bcjtc `hj trnth kbijh, bj`fuycjkh fn nibfbzn`bðj kcf pnih kc su oumbfn`bðj.
Icstbhjnr njtc fn Pc`rctnrbn kc En`bcjkn y @râkbth Qÿmfb`h, cf
rc`hjh`bgbcjth y vnfbkn`bðj kcf pnih kcf kbdcrcj`bnf kc rctbrh n fhs gncstrhs oumbfnkhs, knjkh nsç `crtczn y pujtunfbknk kcf pnih, kc biunf gnjcrn shfb`btnr quc cf pnih kc fn pcjsbðj sc rcnfb`c cj snfnrbhs gçjbghs, cfbgbjîjkhsc fn fcy kc SGNP, fhirnjkh kc cstn gnjcrn ujn gcohr pcr`cp`bðj c`hjðgb`n, pnrn phstcrbhrgcjtc ujn vcz rcnfbznkh cstc `ngmbh, shfb`btnr cf noustc cj cf ==% `hgh cj cf kbdcrcj`bnf kc rctbrh.
4. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC @]ÂKB[HP Bjtcrvcjbr y nphynr cj fn rcshfu`bðj kc prhmfcgns kc prâstnghs quc
prcscjtcj fhs nircgbnkhs kcf PJ[C.
]cnfbznr ujn icstbðj ndc`tbvn njtc fns pctb`bhjcs rcnfbznkns phr fhs
trnmnonkhrcs cj fn rcshfu`bðj n prhmfcgîtb`ns kc rciufnrbzn`bðj h kcs`ucjths kc prâstnghs.
Gnjtcjcr fn hdcrtn kc fhs `râkbths n `hrth pfnzh y gckbnjh pfnzh, `hj fn
dbjnfbknk kc quc fhs `hgpnþcrhs `ucjtcj `hj cstc bgphrtnjtc csqucgn kc dbjnj`bn`bðj `hj gðkb`hs bjtcrcscs phr pnrtc kcf BPPP[C. Phfb`btnr nf BPPP[C quc sc nsbijc uj `hjtnkhr kc pnr`bnfbknkcs kcf
nkcukh thtnf kc kcs`ucjths cj thkns fns ghknfbknkcs kc `râkbth.
[rnjspnrcjtnr fhs prh`cshs kc cjtrcin kc `râkbths kc BPPP[C njtc fhs
`hgpnþcrhs gckbnjtc fn nsbijn`bðj kc uj jÿgcrh kc dhfbh phr `nkn shfb`btuk rc`bmbkn kc fhs `hgpnþcrhs.
Knr sciubgbcjth nf tcgn kc khmfc pninkurçn kcf BPPP[C pnrn cvbtnr quc
h`nsbhjc uj prhmfcgn n fhs `hgpnþcrhs quc shfb`btcj fhs `râkbths.
Qrhghvcr ujn `ngpnþn pcrgnjcjtc shmrc fn bgphrtnj`bn kc knrfc sciubgbcjth pcrshjnf nf ghjth kc snfnrbh kc `htbzn`bðj quc tbcjcj fhs trnmnonkhrcs `hj `râkbths nsbijnkhs njtc BPPP[C (vcrkc y rhoh) csth pnrn cvbtnr bjtcrcscs ghrnthrbhs.
9. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC TBTBCJKN ]cnfbznr ujn bjtcrvcj`bðj kbrc`tn, hphrtujn y cdc`tbvn cj fhs prhmfcgns
kc prâstnghs ebphtc`nrbhs y kc vbvbcjkn quc sc prcscjtcj `hj fhs gbcgmrhs kc fn mnsc.
Mrbjknr n`hgpnþngbcjth cj cf prh`csh kc nkqubsb`bðj kc vbvbcjkns n fhs
nircgbnkhs, kcskc fn kbdusbðj kc fn `hjvh`nthrbn enstn dbjnfbznr cf prh`csh.
Icstbhjnr njtc cf Ihmbcrjh Dckcrnf pnrn quc sc rcnfb`c uj prhirngn kc
nphyh n fns `ucjtns bgpninmfcs phr fhs cx`csbvhs bjtcrcscs.
Icstbhjnr pnrn quc sc n`tunfb`c kc ujn gnjcrn bjgckbntn fn mnsc kc
knths, pnrn cvbtnr quc sc icjcrcj bjtcrcscs ghrnthrbhs y/h kcs`ucjths crrðjchs.
Icstbhjnr pnrn quc cf pcrçhkh kc npfb`n`bðj kcf `râkbth ebphtc`nrbh, quc
cs shfh kc 01 kçns cj fn n`tunfbknk sc cxtbcjkn sbijbdb`ntbvngcjtc, pnrn quc fhs `hgpnþcrhs mcjcdb`bnkhs, pucknj cocr`cr su `râkbth sbj prbsns, `hj gnyhr hphrtujbknk kc cfcibr fn gcohr hp`bðj.
En`cr fh `hjku`cjtc pnrn quc sc nugcjtc cf prcsupucsth nsbijnkh n fn
ghknfbknk kc sciujkh `râkbth pnrn n`tbvhs y oumbfnkhs. Qrhghvcr ujn `ngpnþn pcrgnjcjtc shmrc fn bgphrtnj`bn kc knrfc
sciubgbcjth pcrshjnf nf ghjth kc snfnrbh kc `htbzn`bðj quc tbcjcj fhs trnmnonkhrcs `hj `râkbths nsbijnkhs njtc DHTBPPP[C csth pnrn cvbtnr bjtcrcscs ghrnthrbhs.
5. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC C^SBKNK, IÂJC]H R KC]C@EHP ESGNJHP Qrhghvcr cj thkh ghgcjth y n trnvâs kc fns n`tbvbknkcs quc rcnfb`c fn
Pc``bðj = fn cqubknk kc iâjcrh. Qrhghvcr pcrgnjcjtcgcjtc cf rcspcth n fhs kcrc`ehs eugnjhs kc fhs
trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj, snfvniunrknjkh njtc thkh fn kbijbknk eugnjn.
Bj`hrphrnr tnjth nf trnmnoh cku`ntbvh `hgh nf trnmnoh sbjkb`nf fn cqubknk
kc iâjcrh, `hgh ujn rcsphjsnmbfbknk kc ehgmrcs y guocrcs trnmnonjkh çjtcirngcjtc.
Qnrtb`bpnr cj prhirngns iumcrjngcjtnfcs quc dhrtnfcz`nj `hjoujtngcjtc
n fn Pc``bðj = ujbcjkh csducrzhs cj n`tbvbknkcs cj prh kc fhs kcrc`ehs eugnjhs, fn cqubknk c biunf kc iâjcrh.
Kbdujkbr fhs n`ucrkhs shmrc cqubknk kc iâjcrh, kbnijðstb`h y cstrntcibn
cj `nkn ujn kc fns rcibhjcs, kcfcin`bhjcs y `hgpnrtbr fn bjdhrgn`bðj `hj fhs nircgbnkhs shmrc fn cxpcrbcj`bn n`ugufnkn.
Bgpufsnr `ngpnþns sh`bnfcs quc bjdhrgcj y `hj`bcjtb`cj cf rcspcth kc
fhs kcrc`ehs eugnjhs, nkcgîs kc `rcnr tnffcrcs shmrc cqubknk kc iâjcrh, prhyc`ths prhku`tbvhs y dhrgntbvhs quc `hj`bcjtb`cj n fn `hgujbknk shmrc cf tcgn.
Dhrtnfc`cr fns nfbnjzns cstrntâib`ns y knr `hjtbjubknk n fhs bjtcr`ngmbhs
kc guocrcs n jbvcf jn`bhjnf. Bgpufsnr y dhrtnfc`cr prhyc`ths prhn`tbvhs kc guocrcs.
2. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC Q]CTBPBÐJ R NPBP[CJ@BN PH@BNF ]cnfbznr fns icstbhjcs jc`csnrbns njtc nuthrbknkcs Kcfcin`bhjnfcs kcf BPPP[C pnrn quc?
Fhs scrvb`bhs quc mrbjkn sc pcrdc``bhjcj y ghkcrjb`cj, mus`njkh n fn
vcz gcohrnr cf trnth quc mrbjkn su pcrshjnf n jucstrhs nircgbnkhs y sus dngbfbnrcs.
Pc kc fn ghkcrjbzn`bðj bjtcirnf kc fhs scrvb`bhs pcjsbhjnrbhs y sc
nsciurc cf rctbrh kbijh kc fhs trnmnonkhrcs, bj`fuycjkh uj bj`rcgcjth cj cf ghjth kc fns pcr`cp`bhjcs n trnvâs trn vâs kcf Kbdcrcj`bnf kc ]ctbrh.
Icstbhjnr njtc fns nuthrbknkcs `hrrcsphjkbcjtcs pnrn quc sc `hj`fuyn fn
`hjstru``bðj kcf Ehspbtnf ]cibhjnf Drny Oujçpcrh Pcrrn kc fn `buknk kc [bounjn, khtîjkhfh kc cqubpngbcjth, bjsughs, pcrshjnf gâkb`h cspc`bnfbznkh, kc cjdcrgcrçn y nkgbjbstrntbvh. Nkcgîs kc hptbgbznr cf îrcn kc uricj`bns pnrn kbsgbjubr cj irnj gckbkn cf tbcgph kc cspcrn, cf nmnsth kc gckb`ngcjths, fhs trîgbtcs nkgbjbstrntbvhs (bj`npn`bknkcs), mus`njkh quc sc mrbjkc uj scrvb`bh `hgpfcth y kbijh njtc fn kcgnjkn quc rcqubcrc.
Pcnj rcenmbfbtnkns fns ujbknkcs kc scrvb`bhs gâkb`hs cj thkns sus îrcns
y su bjdrncstru`turn, nsç `hgh cqubph gâkb`h kc prbgcr jbvcf, supcrvbsnjkh y gcohrnjkh fn ebibcjc y gnjtcjbgbcjth kc cstns.
^uc cf sugbjbstrh kc gckb`ngcjths scn mnsth, nkcgîs kc mus`nr fn
ngpfbn`bðj kcf `unkrh mîsb`h.
Pc icjcrc gîs prcsupucsth cj scrvb`bhs sumrhinkhs y en`crfh uj
scrvb`bh pcrgnjcjtc.
Pc ffcvcj n `nmh fns icstbhjcs jc`csnrbns pnrn fn bj`hrphrn`bðj kc
gâkb`hs cspc`bnfbstns cj fn Sjbknk kc Gckb`bjn Dngbfbnr kc BPPP[C, cj cf Gujb`bpbh kc Pnj ^ubjtçj.
Pc `hjstruyn fn Sjbknk kc Gckb`bjn Dngbfbnr cj cf Gujb`bpbh kc Qfnyns
kc ]hsnrbth.
Pc cstnmfcz`nj `hjsufthrbhs gâkb`hs pcrbdârb`hs cstrntâib`hs khjkc sc
rcqubcrn.
Pc cstnmfcz`nj `hj rciufnrbknk gcsns kc trnmnoh `hj BPCQ-PJ[C-
BPPP[C pnrn cf njîfbsbs, fn rcvbsbðj y cf pujtunf `ugpfbgbcjth kc fn fcy kc fn gntcrbn.
Fn nibfbzn`bðj kcf trîgbtc cj >3 kçns gîxbghs, pnrn ffcvnr n `nmh fn
n`tunfbzn`bðj kc fns nftns njtc BPPP[C kc fhs trnmnonkhrcs kcf sbstcgn cku`ntbvh.
Pc cstnmfcz`n uj rcsphjsnmfc kc fn icstbðj cj `nkn gujb`bpbh pnrn cf
trîgbtc kc pcjsbðj, oumbfn`bðj h phr dnffc`bgbcjth kcf trnmnonkhr, mrbjknjkh nscshrçns phr gckbh kc uj tnffcr pcrgnjcjtc kc `npn`btn`bðj, mus`njkh fn prhjtn shfu`bðj n `nkn ujn kc fns prcstn`bhjcs quc hthrin BPPP[C, Ihmbcrjh kcf Cstnkh, y cj fhs kbdcrcjtcs dhjkhs gutunfbstns.
Quijnr njtc fns bjstnj`bns `hrrcsphjkbcjtcs kcf Ihmbcrjh kcf Cstnkh fn
bj`hrphrn`bðj kc fhs `hgpnþcrhs oumbfnkhs njtcs kc >224 nf Kbdcrcj`bnf kc ]ctbrh, cj sustbtu`bðj kc fhs dnffc`bkhs quc cj vbkn yn rc`bmçnj fn nyukn eugnjbtnrbn.
]cvbsnr y icstbhjnr fn rc`upcrn`bðj kc fn prcstn`bðj quc sc pcrkbð shmrc
fns @hgbsbhjcs Cspc`bnfcs quc sc hthrinmn n fhs `hgpnþcrhs `hj nfiÿj prhmfcgn gâkb`h quc fc bgphsbmbfbtnmn fnmhrnr y quc ehy sc rcvbsn phr fn vçn kc fn Nyukn Eugnjbtnrbn.
>1. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC Q]HGH@BHJCP C@HJÐGB@NP @hjtnr `hj uj rcibstrh phrgcjhrbznkh, cdb`bcjtc y kc thtnf trnjspnrcj`bn
kcf `hj`cpth y `ðkbih ;; (prhgh`bhjcs c`hjðgb`ns) kcf kcs`ucjth qubj`cjnf, pnrn quc cdb`bcjtb`c fhs bjircshs quc phr cstc `hj`cpth tbcjc fn hrinjbzn`bðj sbjkb`nf phr `hjvcjbh `hj kbdcrcjtcs bjstbtu`bhjcs gcr`njtbfcs quc hdrc`cj prc`bh prcdcrcj`bnf n fhs `hgpnþcrhs nircgbnkhs.
]cnfbznr `hj nuthrbzn`bðj kc fn Pc`rctnrçn Icjcrnf, `hjvcjbhs y `hjtrnths
`hj hrinjbsghs c bjstbtu`bhjcs pÿmfb`ns y prbvnkhs quc hdrc`cj mbcjcs y scrvb`bhs n fhs gbcgmrhs kcf sbjkb`nth y quc mcjcdb`bcj fn c`hjhgçn kc fhs trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj, tnfcs `hgh? trnjsphrtc, gucmfcrçns, tbcjkns kc nuthscrvb`bh, kc snfuk, ct`., ]cnfbznjkh ujn rcvbsbðj kc prc`bhs cj cf gcr`nkh nmbcrth sc mus`n quc fns cgprcsns pnrtb`bpnjtcs cj cstn sc`rctnrçn sc kckbqucj n hdrc`cr n fhs nircgbnkhs y sus dngbfbnrcs prc`bhs vcrknkcrngcjtc phr kcmnoh kcf vnfhr cj cf gcr`nkh< cj `nsh kc cgprcsns rcibstrnkns mnoh `hjvcjbhs quc rcdfcocj njhgnfçns, nsç `hgh pcroub`bh cj fn c`hjhgçn kc jucstrhs nircgbnkh scrîj rcvh`nkhs y knkhs kc mnon. Cj `nsh kc gnfhs gnjcohs quc ffcinrnj n en`cr nfiujhs prhghthrcs kc scrvb`bhs kc fns cgprcsns `hjvcjbkns, sc mus`nrî sc kâ n dnvhr kc fhs `hgpnþcrhs nircgbnkhs sbj trngbtcs tnj murh`rîtb`hs njtc fhs kbdcrcjtcs Ðrinjhs kc Ihmbcrjh.
Knr n `hjh`cr n fhs gbcgmrhs quc bjtcirnj fn Pc``bðj =, cf @ntîfhih
Jn`bhjnf kc fns bjstbtu`bhjcs y cgprcsns `hgcr`bnfcs quc phr icstbhjcs kcf PJ[C prhphr`bhjcj kcs`ucjths, drnjqub`bns h mcjcdb`bhs n trnvâs kc fn prcscjtn`bðj kc fn gcgmrc`çn kc n`rckbtn`bðj `hgh nircgbnkh nf PJ[C.
@hjtbjunr `hj cf shrtch njunf ‖Injn `hj cf PJ[C‗, mus`njkh
bj`rcgcjtnr fhs khjntbvhs phr pnrtc kc fhs hrinjbsghs c bjstbtu`bhjcs `hj fhs quc sc tbcjc `hjvcjbhs, `hj cf dbj kc quc ujn gnyhr `njtbknk kc nircgbnkhs snfinj mcjcdb`bnkhs.
Mus`nr hptbgbznr cf prh`csh kc kcs`ucjths nf târgbjh kcf `hjtrnth kc
`hgprn-vcjtn kc uj nircgbnkh `hj jucstrhs prhvcckhrcs.
>>. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC Q]HGH@BÐJ EH]B_HJ[NF Sjn vcz quc sc kcj fhs fbjcngbcjths kc cstc prhirngn sc kcmcrî knr
`crtczn ourçkb`n n fhs `hgpnþcrhs quc pnrtb`bpcj y hmtcjinj mcjcdb`bhs kcrbvnkhs kc cstc prhirngn kc prhgh`bðj.
En`cr fn kbdusbðj kcf prhirngn cjtrc thkhs fhs nircgbnkhs.
Mrbjknr nscshrçns n fhs nircgbnkhs quc fh shfb`btcj kurnjtc cf prh`csh kc
prhgh`bðj ehrbzhjtnf.
>=. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC @SF[S]N, ]C@]CN@BÐJ R KCQH][C Qrhghvcr uj scjtbkh kc pcrtcjcj`bn nf PJ[C kc fn Pc``bðj = n trnvâs kc
n``bhjcs quc dhrtnfcz`nj fn ujbknk, fn rc`rcn`bðj dçsb`n y `ufturnf cjtrc fhs gbcgmrhs nircgbnkhs.
Qrhghvcr, ghtbvnr y `hjdhrgnr cjtrc fhs trnmnonkhrcs kc fns kbdcrcjtcs
Kcfcin`bhjcs Pbjkb`nfcs y @cjtrhs kc [rnmnoh, cqubphs kcphrtbvhs quc pnrtb`bpcj cj fns `hgpctcj`bns `hjvh`nkns phr cf PJ[C y/h n`tbvbknkcs icjcrnkns nf bjtcrbhr kc fn ]cibðj.
@hjtbjunr `hj fn hrinjbzn`bðj njunf kc fhs Oucihs Gnibstcrbnfcs cj sus
ctnpns Gujb`bpnf y Cstntnf.
@hjgcghrnr cf Kçn Bjtcrjn`bhjnf kc fn Guocr kîjkhfc rcnf`c n fn dc`en. Hrinjbznr, pnrtb`bpnr kurnjtc fn icstbðj y fhiçstb`n kcf trnkb`bhjnf kcsdbfc
kcf Kçn kcf [rnmnoh quc sc rcnfbzn njunfgcjtc cf > kc gnyh, kc dhrgn `hhrkbjnkn y rcspctuhsn.
Hrinjbznr fn Pcgnjn Gnibstcrbnf `hj ghtbvh kc fhs dcstcohs kcf Kçn kcf
Gncstrh y kc fhs trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj.
Hrinjbznr fhs dcstcohs kcf Kçn kcf Qcrshjnf kc Nphyh y Nsbstcj`bn n fn
Cku`n`bðj.
]cnfbznr cj dhrgn njunf fhs dcstcohs kcf Kçn kc fns Gnkrcs, Kçn kcf Qnkrc
y Kçn kcf Jbþh.
N trnvâs kc fn pumfb`n`bðj kc uj `nfcjknrbh, bjdhrgnr y prhghvcr `hj fhs gbcgmrhs kc fn Pc``bðj = fns n`tbvbknkcs rc`rcntbvns y `ufturnfcs quc sc
hdcrtcj phr fns kbvcrsns bjstbtu`bhjcs tnjth Pbjkb`nfcs `hgh kcf PCC cj fhs kbdcrcjtcs gujb`bpbhs.
Qrhghvcr fn bjtcirn`bðj kc sh`bcknkcs h iruphs kc cstukbh kckb`nkhs n
rcvbsnr fns prhmfcgîtb`ns sh`bnfcs quc nquconj n jucstrn `hgujbknk cku`ntbvn, `hj cf hmoctbvh kc `hgpnrtbr cxpcrbcj`bns y shfu`bhjcs kc nphyh.
Dhgcjtnr cf nrtc y fn `ufturn, n trnvâs kc n`tbvbknkcs nrtçstb`ns, kc knjzn,
hrnthrbn, kc`fngn`bðj, `njth, cjtrc htrns.
Qrhghvcr y kbdujkbr fn `ufturn, trnkb`bhjcs, instrhjhgçn, rcscrvns y
vnfhrcs kc jucstrh cstnkh Mnon @nfbdhrjbn. @hj cf dbj kc `hjtrbmubr `hjtrbmubr nf `ubknkh kcf gckbh ngmbcjtc, fhs rc`urshs jnturnfcs y fn bgphrtnj`bn kc prhtcicr jucstrn cjtbknk.
>0. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC NPSJ[HP CKS@N[BTHP Qrhghvcr fn supcrn`bðj prhdcsbhjnf y cf gcohr kcscgpcþh kcf kh`cjtc n
trnvâs kc fn dhrgn`bðj pcrgnjcjtc y cku`n`bðj `hjtbjun gckbnjtc fn prhgh`bðj kc dhrhs, tnffcrcs y `hjdcrcj`bns.
En`cr fh `hjku`cjtc pnrn quc sc vnfhrc fn duj`bðj kcf gncstrh, gckbnjtc
fn kbdusbðj kc ebsthrbns kc âxbth y prhyc`ths kc nfth bgpn`th sh`bnf kc fhs kh`cjtcs kc Mnon @nfbdhrjbn.
Knr gnyhr prhgh`bðj n fhs mcjcdb`bhs kc fns mc`ns phr cstukbhs
rcnfbznkhs cj vcrnjh pnrn quc `nkn vcz scnj gîs fhs kh`cjtcs quc rcnfb`cj su trîgbtc.
Icstbhjnr cf nugcjth kc Fb`cj`bns Mc`ns @hgbsbðj pnrn bj`hrphrnrfns nf
prhirngn kc rc`hjh`bgbcjth kc `nrrcrn pnrn fns gncstrns y fhs gncstrhs.
]cnfbznr gîs `hjvcjbhs `hj ujbvcrsbknkcs y `cjtrhs kc `npn`btn`bðj y
cvnfun`bðj pnrn ngpfbnr fn hdcrtn kc kcsnrrhffh prhdcsbhjnf pnrn fhs kh`cjtcs.
@rcnr ujn `hgbsbðj kc tc`jhfhiçn quc `npn`btc y mrbjkc ecrrngbcjtns
pnrn dn`bfbtnr fn prî`tb`n kh`cjtc cj fn pnrtc nkgbjbstrntbvn y kc dhrgn`bðj kc `hgujbknkcs prhdcsbhjnfcs kc nprcjkbznoc.
Qnrtb`bpnr cj fn dhrgufn`bðj y `rcn`bðj kc fhs pfnjcs y prhirngns kc
cstukbh, knjkh sciubgbcjth cj fn nsbgbfn`bðj quc tcjinj fhs kbrc`thrcs y kh`cjtcs drcjtc n iruph. Kcf gbsgh ghkh cj fn `rcn`bðj kc fhs fbmrhs kc tcxth irntubth.
Inrnjtbznr quc cj fns kc`bsbhjcs quc sc thgcj n pnrtbr kc fns
cvnfun`bhjcs kcf Pbstcgn Cku`ntbvh Jn`bhjnf, bj`fuycjkh fns rcnfbznkns
n nfugjhs, gncstrhs y pfnjtcfcs cj icjcrnf, sc thgcj cj `ucjtn n fhs trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj.
Nphynr n fhs nircgbnkhs bjtcrcsnkhs cj fn `rcn`bðj y pumfb`n`bðj kc
tcsbs pnrn rcnfbznr phsbmfcs ghkbdb`n`bhjcs n fns fcycs cj gntcrbn fnmhrnf y cku`ntbvn n trnvâs kc fn ckbthrbnf kcf PJ[C. Kc cstn gnjcrn prhghvcr fn bjvcstbin`bðj cku`ntbvn phr pnrtc kc fhs nircgbnkhs, khtnjkh kc rc`urshs y `rcnjkh bjstbtu`bhjcs y `hgbsbhjcs pnrn qubcjcs prcscjtcj prhyc`ths kc bjvcstbin`bðj.
Dhrtnfc`cr fhs fnzhs `rcnkhs `hj ujbvcrsbknkcs trnmnonjkh cj `hjoujth cj
gntcrbn kc bjvcstbin`bðj cku`ntbvn. Mus`njkh fn pnrtb`bpn`bðj kbrc`tn cj `hjdcrcj`bns y cj`ucjtrhs prhdcsbhjnfcs kc nprcjkbznoc.
Icstbhjnr cf hthringbcjth kc dn`bfbknkcs pnrn trnmnonkhrcs kc fn
cku`n`bðj quc cstâj bjtcrcsnkhs cj fn `npn`btn`bðj, bgpufsnjkh cf `hjh`bgbcjth y npfb`n`bðj kc tâ`jb`ns, gâthkhs, kbjîgb`ns y gntcrbnfcs, n`hrkcs nf kcsnrrhffh kc fns bjtcfbicj`bns gÿftbpfcs y cstbfhs kbvcrshs kc nprcjkbznocs.
>;. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC NPSJ[HP Q]HDCPBHJNFCP N`hgpnþnr c bjdhrgnr n fhs nircgbnkhs kcf PJ[C kc fn Pc``bðj =, cj fhs prh`cshs kc Qrhdcsbhjnfbzn`bðj cj cf gnr`h kc fn Jhrgntbvbknk Cstntutnrbn y kc fn ]cdhrgn Cku`ntbvn n trnvâs kc fns sbiubcjtcs n``bhjcs?
Qrhphr`bhjnr bjdhrgn`bðj y kc scr phsbmfc nscshrçn shmrc fn Fcy kcf
SPB@NGG
Qrhghvcr c bjdhrgnr kc fn hdcrtn kc prhdcsbhjnfbzn`bðj kh`cjtc kc fns
kbdcrcjtcs bjstbtu`bhjcs, `hgpnrtbrfn cj fns pfntndhrgns hdb`bnfcs kcf PJ[C.
Qrhghvcr y hrbcjtnr shmrc cf ush kcf PBJNKCQ-PJ[C `hgh prhpucstn kc
Dhrgn`bðj y Pupcrn`bðj Qrhdcsbhjnf.
Bgpufsnr y ghtbvnr cf bjtcrâs phr fn supcrn`bðj pcrshjnf cj fhs
trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj.
>3. CJ GN[C]BN KC SPB@NGG Cxbibr nf BPCQ quc sc icstbhjcj `hj rnpbkcz y cdb`bcj`bn fhs rc`urshs
dbjnj`bcrhs pnrn cf pnih pujtunf kc qubcjcs sc bj`hrphrnj y/h prhgucvcj cj fhs prh`cshs rcnfbznkhs phr cf SPB@NGG.
Kcgnjknr cf rc`hjh`bgbcjth kc fhs kh`cjtcs quc sc cj`ucjtrnj cj
duj`bhjcs kbdcrcjtcs n fns kc su `fnvc, (N[Q kc cs`ucfn, N[Q kc supcrvbsbðj, ct`.) pnrn quc pucknj pnrtb`bpnr cj fhs prh`cshs kc prhgh`bðj y rc`hjh`bgbcjth kcf SPB@NGG.
Mrbjknr sciubgbcjth y n`hgpnþngbcjth pujtunf n fhs `hgpnþcrhs
kh`cjtcs quc prcscjtcj kbdb`uftnkcs cj sus rcspc`tbvns nsbijn`bhjcs (nkgbsbðj kh`cjtc), prhgh`bhjcs sciÿj `hrrcsphjkn (vcrtb`nf y ehrbzhjtnf) y cj fhs kbstbjths prh`cshs kc rc`hjh`bgbcjth.
Cxbibr quc sc pcrgbtn fn pnrtb`bpn`bðj kc fhs kh`cjtcs quc yn sc
cj`ucjtrnj cj duj`bhjcs y `ucjtnj `hj `nrrcrns kbstbjtns nf prhdcsbhirngn vbicjtc. (n`tunfgcjtc qucknj ducrn phr cf Nrtç`ufh 5 Bj`bsh C - kc fhs Fbjcngbcjths Icjcrnfcs kcf prh`csh kc scfc``bðj pnrn fn prhgh`bðj n duj`bhjcs kc kbrc``bðj y kc supcrvbsbðj cj Cku`n`bðj Mîsb`n (Qrhgh`bðj Tcrtb`nf))
]cnfbznr ohrjnkns pcrbðkb`ns kc bjdhrgn`bðj n fn mnsc, gckbnjtc pfîtb`ns,
`hjdcrcj`bns y cj`ucjtrhs gujb`bpnfcs khjkc sc nscshrc nf kh`cjtc shmrc fhs kbstbjths prh`cshs kc scfc``bðj cgnjnkhs kc fn Fcy Icjcrnf kcf Pbstcgn pnrn fn @nrrcrn kc fhs Gncstrhs y fns Gncstrns.
Cstnmfc`cr `hjtn`th kbrc`th `hj fns nuthrbknkcs dckcrnfcs y cstntnfcs kc
fn Sjbknk kcf Pbstcgn pnrn fn @nrrcrn kc fhs Gncstrhs y fns Gncstrns (SPB@NGG) `hj cf dbj kc knr sciubgbcjth n fhs prh`cshs c bj`bkcj`bns `hj bjdhrgn`bðj kc prbgcrn gnjh.
]cnfbznr tnffcrcs/`urshs kc n`tunfbzn`bðj pnrn fhs Pc`rctnrbhs
Kcfcin`bhjnfcs y ]cprcscjtnjtcs kc @cjtrhs kc [rnmnoh cj gntcrbn kc fhs prh`cshs kc scfc``bðj kcf SPB@NGG `hj fn dbjnfbknk kc cgphkcrnrfhs cj cf n`hgpnþngbcjth kc fhs nircgbnkhs cj sus rcspc`tbvns kcfcin`bhjcs.
Cxbibr fn kbsgbju`bðj kc `njknkhs pnrn fn prhgh`bðj n duj`bhjcs
kbrc`tbvns h kc supcrvbsbðj n fhs kh`cjtcs kc cku`n`bðj sc`ujknrbn yn quc sc fcs cxbic ujn `njtbknk nftn kc ehrns pnrn phkcr pnrtb`bpnr, nkcgîs cj cf `nsh kc `hjtnr `hj cffns sc fcs shfb`btn scnj kc fn gbsgn gntcrbn h quc scnj ndbjcs.
Icstbhjnr njtc fns bjstnj`bns `hgpctcjtcs fn phsbmbfbknk kc nspbrnr n ujn
khmfc pfnzn kcjtrh kcf gbsgh jbvcf cj cf quc sc cj`ucjtrn cf kh`cjtc, kcmbkh n quc fn fcy n`tunf ÿjb`ngcjtc en`c gcj`bðj kc fn phsbmbfbknk kc nkqubrbr cstc mcjcdb`bh sbcgprc y `unjkh scn cj uj jbvcf kbstbjth nf quc yn sc fnmhrc.
Kcsnrrhffnr ujn pfntndhrgn vbrtunf cj fn quc sc prhgucvnj fhs kbstbjths
prh`cshs kc scfc``bðj kh`cjtc cgnjnkhs kc fn FIP@GG< `nfcjknrbhs hdb`bnfcs kc prh`cshs, hrbcjtn`bhjcs pnrn fn pnrtb`bpn`bðj, mbmfbhirndçn suicrbkn, rc`hgcjkn`bhjcs pujtunfcs, cjtrc htrhs nspc`ths.
>4. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC BJJHTN@BÐJ [C@JHFÐIB@N R ]CBJICJBC]ÇN H]INJB_N[BTN
Icstbhjnr fn `rcn`bðj u hptbgbzn`bðj kc fhs `cjtrhs kc `ðgputh
cxbstcjtcs kcjtrh kc `nkn ckbdb`bh sbjkb`nf quc pcrgbtnj `umrbr fns jc`csbknkcs kc fhs nircgbnkhs.
Qrhghvcr ujn icsthrçn prnigîtb`n y sbgpfbdb`nkn cj gntcrbn kc trîgbtcs y
prh`cshs nkgbjbstrntbvhs, bgpufsnjkh fn utbfbzn`bðj kc fhs gckbhs kbibtnfcs.
Npfb`nr fhs kbsphsbtbvhs kc sciurbknk jc`csnrbhs pnrn prhtcicr fn
`hjscrvn`bðj kc knths, `hjdbkcj`bnfbknk, `hjdbnmbfbknk y gnjtcjbgbcjth cj cf ush kc sbstcgns kbibtnfcs.
Kbscþnr bjstrugcjths quc pcrgbtnj cf n`cr`ngbcjth kc fhs nircgbnkhs n
fn bjdhrgn`bðj rcfcvnjtc kc fn Pc``bðj=, tnfcs `hgh? jhtb`bns, prhgh`bhjcs c`hjðgb`ns, trîgbtcs kc prâstnghs h fb`cj`bns y kcgîs mcjcdb`bhs hdcrtnkhs.
Cstnmfc`cr
uj
gc`njbsgh
kc
rc`cp`bðj
kc
shfb`btukcs
kc
rc`hgcjkn`bhjcs sbjkb`nfcs kc dhrgn kbibtnf pnrn hptbgbznr tbcgphs.
Gnjtcjcr uj `cjsh pcrgnjcjtcgcjtc n`tunfbznkh kc fhs bjtcirnjtcs kcf
PJ[C Pc``bðj = kc Mnon @nfbdhrjbn.
Bgpfcgcjtnr cj`ucstns kbibtnfcs quc jhs pcrgbtnj cvnfunr cf trnmnoh y
kcscgpcþh kc fns kbdcrcjtcs sc`rctnrçns quc `hgphjcj fn cstru`turn sbjkb`nf.
>9. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC TBJ@SFN@BÐJ PH@BNF Icjcrnr fn vbj`ufn`bðj kcf PJ[C `hj bjstbtu`bhjcs y hrinjbzn`bhjcs quc
`hnkyuvcj n fn kcdcjsn kc fn Cs`ucfn Qÿmfb`n kc @nfbknk pnrn thkhs, rc`hjh`bcjkh cf bgphrtnjtc vnfhr sh`bnf kc fhs trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj `hgh nicjtcs trnjsdhrgnkhrcs kc fn sh`bcknk.
Bgpufsnr y prhghvcr fhs cj`ucjtrhs, ohrjnkns `ufturnfcs, kcphrtbvns,
`hjdcrcj`bns y n`tbvbknkcs rc`rcntbvns bjtcrn`tbvns khjkc sc vcnj bjvhfu`rnkhs nfugjhs, pnkrcs kc dngbfbn, fn `hgujbknk `bvbf y trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj cj mcjcdb`bh kc gcohrnr fn rcfn`bðj bjtcrpcrshjnf, cgpntçn y trnmnoh cj cqubph.
Bgpfcgcjtnr n``bhjcs pnrn fn rcvnfhrn`bðj sh`bnf kcf Gncstrh y kc fn
Cs`ucfn Qÿmfb`n, khjkc sc bjvhfu`rcj thkhs fhs n`thrcs sh`bnfcs n trnvâs kc ujn nicjkn kc Tbj`ufn`bðj Ph`bnf, cstnmfc`bcjkh n`ucrkhs, `hjvcjbhs y `hgprhgbshs, jc`csnrbhs pnrn su rcnfbzn`bðj.
Ffcvnr n`tbvbknkcs kc vbj`ufn`bðj pcrgnjcjtc `hj fn sh`bcknk `bvbf, `hj cf
hmocth kc `hjtrbmubr sbijbdb`ntbvngcjtc cj fhs iruphs vufjcrnmfcs kc jucstrn `hgujbknk. dnvhrc`c r fn bjtcirn`bðj bjtcirn` bðj kc fhs @hjscohs kc Qnrtb`bpn`bðj Ph`bnf Nphynr y dnvhrc`cr
kc Cku`n`bðj cj fhs gujb`bpbhs, `hj cf hmoctbvh kc gnjtcjcr gnjtcjcr y shfbkbdb`nr cf vçj`ufh `hj fhs pnkrcs kc dngbfbn, fhs sc`thrcs sh`bnfcs y prhku`tbvhs cj prh kc fn `nfbknk y cqubknk cku`ntbvn.
>5. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC DH]GN@BÐJ PBJKB@NF
@rcnr uj gnjunf kc kcrc`ehs y prcstn`bhjcs kc `nkn ujh kc fhs
gbcgmrhs kcf PJ[C y quc cstâ n kbsphsb`bðj kc thkhs. Cstc gnjunf kcmc scr cjtrcinkh `nkn vcz quc uj jucvh trnmnonkhr sc bj`hrphrc nf scrvb`bh.
Qnrtb`bpnr cj fhs n`ths prhth`hfnrbhs kc cjtrcins kc pfnzns n fhs jucvhs
kh`cjtcs, pnrn knrfcs fn mbcjvcjbkn
n fn Pc``bðj = y en`cr kc su
`hjh`bgbcjth cf gnjunf kc fhs kcrc`ehs y fns prcstn`bhjcs quc cstîj nkqubrbcjkh nf pcrtcjc`cr nf PJ[C, `hj cf dbj kc prhghvcr fn bjtcirn`bðj y cf rcspnfkh quc mrbjkn cf ircgbh.
Qrhghvcr c bj`rcgcjtnr fn pnrtb`bpn`bðj kc fhs nircgbnkhs cj cf prhyc`th
PJ[C OHTCJ hrbibjnjkh n`tbvbknkcs kc bgpn`th y rc`hjh`bgbcjth, mus`njkh nsh`bn`bhjcs dbfnjtrðpb`ns y kcspcrtnr cj fhs trnmnonkhrcs oðvcjcs kc fn cku`n`bðj bkcnfcs prhn`tbvhs y cf scjtbkh kc pcrtcjcj`bn nf PJ[C kc fn Pc``bðj =.
Kcjtrh kc fn Qrhirngn`bðj y Qfnj kc [rnmnoh pnrn cf prðxbgh @hgbtâ
Coc`utbvh kc fn Pc``bðj = kcf PJ[C kc Mnon @nfbdhrjbn, sc tbcjc `hjtcgpfnkh rcnfbznr scgbjnrbhs-tnffcrcs njunfcs cj fns rcibhjcs y cf cstnkh, dhgcjtnjkh cj fhs trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj y `hj âjdnsbs cj fhs trnmnonkhrcs oðvcjcs fn `hj`bcj`bn sh`bnf, fn rcsphjsnmbfbknk, fn ghtbvn`bðj y cf `hgprhgbsh quc sc tbcjc njtc fn sh`bcknk y cj nfiujhs `nshs kc kbrbicjtcs sbjkb`nfcs pnrn fn mnsc kc trnmnonkhrcs n su `nrih. Mrbjknr ecrrngbcjtns quc rcducr`cj, prhyc`tcj y npfbqucj cj fhs kcsndçhs kcf kçn n kçn kcjtrh kc su icsthrçn< thgnjkh cj `ucjtn fhs kcsndçhs prhpbhs quc nsugc cf PJ[C drcjtc n fn ifhmnfbzn`bðj, cf ghkcfh c`hjðgb`h y fn phfçtb`n iumcrjngcjtnf, `hj cdc`ths kc kcdcjkcr, prhtcicr y sus`btnr gcohrcs `hjkb`bhjcs kc vbkn, fnmhrnfcs, sh`bnfcs y c`hjðgb`ns, knjkh bgpufsh bjtcirnf tnjth cj fh bjkbvbkunf `hgh cj cf `hfc`tbvh kc fhs trnmnonkhrcs cs pnrtc kc jucstrhs hmoctbvhs y rcths n `ugpfbr.
>2. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC QCJPBHJCP R OSMBFN@BHJCP Kbscþnr y cdc`tunr uj pfnj kc trnmnoh kc n`ucrkh `hj `nkn rcibðj
sbjkb`nf, cj cf quc sc `hjtcgpfcj thkhs y `nkn ujh kc fhs trîgbtcs
bjecrcjtcs n fn oumbfn`bðj oumbfn`bðj kc fhs `hgpnþcrhs `hgpnþcrhs nircgbnkhs prðxbghs n knrsc kc mnon,
Mrbjknr cf n`hgpnþngbcjth nkc`unkh enstn fn `hj`fusbðj kc thkhs sus
trîgbtcs y pnscj n fns kcfcin`bhjcs sbjkb`nfcs kc oumbfnkhs, thkh csth sbj `hsth nfiujh.
Ffcvnr n `nmh ohrjnkns bjdhrgntbvns n thkhs fhs nircgbnkhs shmrc fhs
rcqubsbths quc sc pfnjtcnj cj fn Fcy kcf BPPP[C `hgh shj Nehrrh Phfbknrbh y kcgîs prcstn`bhjcs quc hthrin fn fcy, quc pcrgbtn nf trnmnonkhr prcvcr uj rctbrh kbijh y gcohrcs scrvb`bhs.
Qrcscjtnr uj pfnj kc trnmnoh c bjdhrgc kc n`tbvbknkcs rcnfbznkns phr cstn
Pc`rctnrçn, `nkn 4 gcscs nf Pc`rctnrbh Icjcrnf, n trnvâs kc fn Pc`rctnrçn kc Hrinjbzn`bðj. Hrinjbzn`bðj.
=1. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC @HGSJB@N@BÐJ Dhrtnfc`cr y cdb`bcjtbznr fhs `njnfcs nkc`unkhs quc `hjtrbmuynj n ujn
gcohr `hgujb`n`bðj, bjdhrgn`bðj y rctrhnfbgcjtn`bðj kc fh quc mbcj en`c jucstrh @hgbtâ Coc`utbvh Jn`bhjnf y Pc``bhjnf cj dhrgn hphrtujn cjtrc fhs nircgbnkhs kc jucstrn hrinjbzn`bðj sbjkb`nf.
Qrhghvcr uj ngmbcjtc kc bjtcrn``bðj y rcspcth `hj fhs gckbhs kc
`hgujb`n`bðj, bgprcshs y cfc`trðjb`hs pnrn kbdujkbr cj fn hpbjbðj pÿmfb`n fhs nvnj`cs y fhirhs kcf Qrhyc`th Pbjkb`nf kc fhs trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj kc fn Pc``bðj = kcf PJ[C, y kc jucstrh @hgbtâ Coc`utbvh Jn`bhjnf.
Icjcrnr uj sbstcgn kc `hgujb`n`bðj cdb`bcjtc, îibf y `cr`njh cjtrc fhs
gbcgmrhs kcf `hgbtâ sc``bhjnf, sc`rctnrbhs icjcrnfcs, rcprcscjtnjtcs kc cs`ucfn y `nkn ujh kc fhs gbcgmrhs kc fn sc``bðj rcspctnjkh fhs ðrinjhs kc ihmbcrjh.
Stbfbznr cf `hrrch bjstbtu`bhjnf pnrn mnonr fn bjdhrgn`bðj tnjth nf `hgbtâ
sc``bhjnf `hgh n fhs sc`rctnrbhs icjcrnfcs y rcprcscjtnjtcs kc cs`ucfn.
Tcrbdb`nr quc sc ffcvc n `nmh uj cxpckbcjtc kc kh`ugcjtn`bðj cjvbnkn y
rc`bmbkn.
N`tunfbznr `hjstnjtcgcjtc fhs gckbhs kc `hgujb`n`bðj, nsç `hgh fns
pfntndhrgns kbibtnfcs `hj cf dbj quc fn bjdhrgn`bðj ffciuc n thkhs fhs nircgbnkhs cj tbcgph y dhrgn.
]cspctnr fns hpbjbhjcs, pcjsngbcjths c bkcns quc sc cxprcscj n trnvâs
kc fhs gckbhs kc `hgujb`n`bðj cstnmfc`bkhs, sbj quc sc `cjsurcj h sc mfhquccj phr fn kbvcrsbknk kc hpbjbhjcs sbjh quc phr cf `hjtrnrbh pcrgbtnj thgnr fns kc`bsbhjcs cj mnsc n csths `hgcjtnrbhs.
=>. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC JCIH@BN@BÐJ FNMH]NF Gnjtcjcr fn trnjspnrcj`bn cj fn khtn`bðj kc `râkbths n `hrth y gckbnjh
pfnzh, nsç `hgh kc fhs prâstnghs `hgpfcgcjtnrbhs, puijnr phr uj gnyhr jÿgcrh kc csths, kc tnf gnjcrn quc sc sntbsdnin fn kcgnjknkn.
Bgpfcgcjtn`bðj y prhpucstn kcf Qrhirngn kc @nrrcrn Nkgbjbstrntbvn,
pnrn cf pcrshjnf kc nphyh y nsbstcj`bn n fn cku`n`bðj, gbsgh quc yn duj`bhjn cj cf sbstcgn kc trnmnonkhrcs ehghfhinkhs jh trnjsdcrbkhs y cj htrns cjtbknkcs kcf pnçs.
Quijnr phr uj bj`rcgcjth cj jucstrns prcstn`bhjcs. Cxbibr n fn nuthrbknk cku`ntbvn fn hpcrn`bðj cdb`bcjtc y îibf kcf sbstcgn kc
pnih kc jucstrns qubj`cjns y fn `hrrcsphjkbcjtc fbqubkn`bðj kcf `ecquc mnj`nrbh, cj khjkc sc bj`fuyn cj cf tnfðj `hrrcsphjkbcjtc uj `hjtnkhr kc kçns, scgnjns y nþhs trnmnonkhs pnrn quc sc nuthgntb`c cf pnih kc fns prcstn`bhjcs cj cspc`bc y kbjcrh, kcrbvnkns kc jucstrns `hjkb`bhjcs kc trnmnoh.
Pciubr cxbibcjkh n fn @hgbsbðj Cstntnf kc Cs`nfndðj quc `hjtbjuâ
cocr`bcjkh `hj trnjspnrcj`bn cf prh`csh kc mhfctbjnr fns pfnzns `hjdhrgc n fn rcifngcjtn`bðj cstnmfc`bkn.
Tbibfnr quc fn Nuthrbknk cku`ntbvn `ugpfn `hrrc`tngcjtc jucstrh gnr`h
ourçkb`h y fnmhrnf.
Bgpufsnr cj `hhrkbjn`bðj `hj cf @CJ uj Qrhirngn kc ]cvbsbðj Bjtcirnf
kcf SPB@NGG, pnrn quc sc npfbqucj fns gbsgns `hjkb`bhjcs kc n``csh n fhs trnmnonkhrcs kc fn cku`n`bðj.
@hjtbjunr `hj cf prhirngn kc `ngmbhs kc nks`rbp`bðj kcjtrh kc fn prhpbn
cjtbknk dckcrntbvn, dnvhrc`bcjkh fns jc`csbknkcs kcf trnmnonkhr.
Tbibfnr quc fn icstbðj quc rcnfbzn cf îrcn kc @ngmbhs sc npfbquc `hj
trnjspnrcj`bn fn jhrgntbvbknk quc sustcjtn kb`ehs ghvbgbcjths.
Icstbhjnr uj n`ucrkh pnrn quc fns bj`npn`bknkcs gâkb`ns gcjhrcs n >;
kçns hthrinkns phr BPPP[C, pucknj scr prhpucstns pnrn bjtcrbjnth, pnrn jh ndc`tnr cf scrvb`bh cku`ntbvh y n fn vcz nphynr n fhs rcsuftnkhs phsbtbvhs kc ujn cku`n`bðj kc `nfbknk. `nfbknk.
==. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC NPSJ[HP OS]ÇKB@HP Icstbðj kc kcjuj`bns kc ec`ehs y/h qucrcffns njtc cf Gbjbstcrbh Qÿmfb`h,
kcsbstbgbcjths njtc fn Oujtn kc @hj`bfbn`bðj y Nrmbtrnoc u htrns nuthrbknkcs `hgpctcjtcs< `hnkyuvnr cj fn bjtcirn`bðj kc `nrpctn kc nvcrbiun`bhjcs y cj cf trîgbtc kc fhs prh`cshs quc ndc`tcj n fn Pc``bðj = kcf PJ[C h cj fhs quc âstn tcjin bjtcrâs ourçkb`h, nsç `hgh shfb`btnr fn bjtcrvcj`bðj kcf @hfcibnkh Jn`bhjnf kc Nsujths Ourçkb`hs cj thkhs nqucffhs nsujths `hjtcj`bhshs quc fc `hgpctnj cj fhs târgbjhs cstntutnrbhs.
]cprcscjtnr n fn Pc``bðj = kcf PJ[C cj fhs oub`bhs fnmhrnfcs, `hjtcstnr
kcgnjkns fnmhrnfcs, dhrgufnr y nmshfvcr phsb`bhjcs, kcsbstbgbcjths, n`hrknr `hj`bfbn`bhjcs y, cj icjcrnf, thkns nqucffns prhgh`bhjcs quc n kb`ehs oub`bhs sc rcdbcrnj y tcjinj quc vcr `hj fn kcdcjsn kc fhs Pc`rctnrbhs Icjcrnfcs Kcfcin`bhjnfcs, nsç `hgh kc fhs `hgpnþcrhs nircgbnkhs quc sc cj`ucjtrcj mnoh nfiÿj supucsth quc vufjcrc sus kcrc`ehs.
Kbdusbðj kc fns fcycs, rcifngcjths, kc`rcths y n`ucrkhs quc sc
rcfn`bhjcj `hj fn csdcrn kc `hgpctcj`bn kc fn Pc``bðj = kcf PJ[C, nsç `hgh fns `br`ufnrcs y ðrkcjcs quc cxpbknj fns nuthrbknkcs nkgbjbstrntbvns cku`ntbvns.
Cfnmhrnr, prhphjcr, prhghvcr y kcsbstbrsc, cj su `nsh, kc fhs oub`bhs kc
ngpnrh `unjkh fn Pc``bðj = kcf PJ[C tcjin cf `nrî`tcr kc qucohsn, bjtcrvcjbr `hgh tcr`crh pcroukb`nkh cj fhs oub`bhs kc ngpnrh y, cj
icjcrnf, cocr`btnr thkns fns n``bhjcs quc n kb`ehs oub`bhs sc rcdbcrnj.
N fhs trnmnonkhrcs cj n`tbvh n cdc`th kc cvbtnrfcs kbfn`bhjcs cj fhs
trîgbtcs kc oumbfn`bðj, pcjsbðj cj `unfqubcrn kc sus ghknfbknkcs bj`fuycjkh fn kc vbukcz y hrdnjknk, nphynrfhs `hj nscshrçns shmrc csths tcgns. prh`cs hs quc sc tbcjcj Nphynr n fhs `hgpnþcrhs cj fn hrbcjtn`bðj kc fhs prh`cshs
quc sciubr pnrn bjtcrphjcr fn kcgnjkn pnrn fn oumbfn`bðj cj cf tcgn kc SGNP.
Qrhphr`bhjnr fn nscshrçn y cf nphyh jc`csnrbhs pnrn quc fns n``bhjcs kc
fhs kbvcrshs @hfcibnkhs kc fn Pc``bðj = kcf PJ[C, mrbjkcj sciurbknk y `crtczn ourçkb`n n jucstrhs nircgbnkhs y sc gnjbdbcstcj cj uj gnr`h kc fcinfbknk y oustb`bn.
Cfnmhrn`bðj kc fhs prhyc`ths kc `hjvcjbhs, `hjtrnths y kcgîs n`ths
`hjscjsunfcs cj fhs quc bjtcrvcjin fn Pc``bðj = kcf PJ[C, kc n`ucrkh `hj fhs rcqucrbgbcjths kc fhs @hfcibnkhs `hrrcsphjkbcjtcs< nscshrnr n fhs @hgbtâs Coc`utbvhs Kcfcin`bhjcs kc fn Pc``bðj = `unjkh fh shfb`btcj, cj fn prcpnrn`bðj kc prhyc`ths kc kb`en cspc`bc y ffcvnr cf rcibstrh kc fhs n`ths nfukbkhs ujn vcz dhrgnfbznkhs.
[rngbtnr njtc fns kcpcjkcj`bns `hgpctcjtcs, fn cxpckb`bðj kc fns
rcshfu`bhjcs jc`csnrbns pnrn fn bj`hrphrn`bðj kc mbcjcs bjgucmfcs nf Qntrbghjbh Pbjkb`nf `unjkh âsths sc kcstbjcj nf scrvb`bh kc fn Pc``bðj = kcf PJ[C, nsç `hgh mrbjknr nphyh n fhs @hfcibnkhs kc fn rcdcrbkn Pc``bðj y kc fhs @hgbtâs Coc`utbvhs Kcfcin`bhjnfcs cj fn trngbtn`bðj kc fns icstbhjcs jc`csnrbns pnrn nkc`unr fn sbtun`bðj ourçkb`n kc fhs bjgucmfcs quc phscnj h nkgbjbstrcj `unjkh nquâffns fh shfb`btcj, n cdc`th kc quc quckcj kcjtrh kcf Qntrbghjbh Pbjkb`nf.
@hjsuftns kc `nrî`tcr ourçkb`h quc fc dhrgufcj fhs bjtcirnjtcs kc fhs
@hfcibnkhs Pc``bhjnfcs, nsç `hgh prhghvcr fn `hhrkbjn`bðj `hj cf @hfcibnkh Jn`bhjnf kc Nsujths Ourçkb`hs n cdc`th kc nphynr fn prcstn`bðj pcrgnjcjtc kc fhs scrvb`bhs ourçkb`hs kc fhs gbsghs.
Nphyh n fhs `hgpnþcrhs cj kukns fcinfcs shmrc tcgns fnmhrnfcs pnrn fn
kcgnjkn kc sus kcrc`ehs cj `ucstbhjcs kc pnihs, prcstn`bhjcs,
fb`cj`bns y pcrgbshs, vbibfnj`bn cstrb`tn kc fn jh prcs`rbp`bðj kc nkcukhs.
=0. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC N@[NP R N@SC]KHP Ffcvnr cf rcibstrh phrgcjhrbznkh kc `nkn ujn kc fns nsngmfcns quc ffcvc
n `nmh cf @hgbtâ Coc`utbvh Pc``bhjnf, nsç `hgh kc thkhs fhs n`ucrkhs quc sc ffciucj n `cfcmrnr kcf gbsgh.
Knr fn fc`turn kcf n`tn kc fn nsngmfcn njtcrbhr cj `nkn rcujbðj kc
@hgbtâ Coc`utbvh Pc``bhjnf y shgctcrfh n `hjsbkcrn`bðj.
Dhgcjtnr fn `ufturn kc knr sciubgbcjth n trnvâs kc uj fbmrh kc n`tns kc
`nkn kbrbicj`bn sbjkb`nf, kc tnf gnjcrn quc pcrgbtn ffcvnr uj rcibstrh ebstðrb`h kc fhs n`ucrkhs.
=;. PC@]C[N]ÇN KC FN @HJ[]NFH]ÇN
Tbibfnr quc sc gnjtcjin `hrrc`tngcjtc fn `hjtnmbfbknk icjcrnf kcf @hgbtâ Coc`utbvh Pc``bhjnf `hj mnsc cj fhs prbj`bpbhs kc `hjtnmbfbknk icjcrnfgcjtc n`cptnkhs, nsç `hgh cfnmhrnr cf bjdhrgc gcjsunf kcf ghvbgbcjth kc dhjkhs.
Tbibfnr y hrbcjtnr fns kbstbjtns îrcns kc fn Pc``bðj, Kcfcin`bhjcs y
@cjtrhs kc [rnmnoh, y quc cxbstnj `hjtrhfcs y sbstcgns quc prhtconj cf pntrbghjbh y rc`urshs kcf Pbjkb`nth.
@hgprhmnr cf `ugpfbgbcjth phr pnrtc kc fhs Ðrinjhs kcf @hgbtâ
Coc`utbvh Pc``bhjnf, kc fhs @hgbtâs Coc`utbvhs Kcfcin`bhjnfcs y kc fns ]cprcscjtn`bhjcs kc @cjtrh kc [rnmnoh kc fns hmfbin`bhjcs kcrbvnkns kc fns kbsphsb`bhjcs, phfçtb`ns, prhirngns, prcsupucsths, jhrgns y fbjcngbcjths cgbtbkhs phr fhs Ðrinjhs Pupcrbhrcs kc Ihmbcrjh kcf Pbjkb`nth<
Qrn`tb`nr nukbthrçns y rcvbsbhjcs prcvbn nuthrbzn`bðj kcf Pc`rctnrbh
Icjcrnf, shmrc nspc`ths prbhrbtnrbhs kc fn nkgbjbstrn`bðj kc rc`urshs kc fhs @hgbtâs Coc`utbvhs Kcfcin`bhjnfcs y ]cprcscjtnjtcs kc @cjtrh kc [rnmnoh, y kc fns ujbknkcs, Hrinjbsghs kcf @hgbtâ Coc`utbvh Pc``bhjnf.
]cvbsnr fhs insths nsbijnkhs n fhs bjtcirnjtcs kcf @hgbtâ Coc`utbvh
Pc``bhjnf y n fhs bjtcirnjtcs kcf `hgbtâ sc``bhjnf ngpfbnkh (icsthrcs) cj tnrcns nkgbjbstrntbvns, tâ`jb`ns y gnjunfcs, quc `hfnmhrnj cj fns hdb`bjns kc fn Pc``bðj Pbjkb`nf<
Pupcrvbsnr fn dhrgufn`bðj kcf Qrhyc`th kc Qrcsupucsth kc Circshs c
Bjircshs, vbibfnjkh quc `hjtcjin hmoctbvhs, gctns y `nfcjknrbzn`bðj kcf insth<
Pupcrvbsbðj pcrgnjcjtc kc dbjnjzns, n`tunfbzn`bðj, `hrrc`tn `usthkbn y
rcsiunrkh kc fhs bjvcjtnrbhs dçsb`hs kc mbcjcs gucmfcs c bjgucmfcs.
=3. PC@]C[N]ÇN KCF QN[]BGHJBH PBJKB@NF ]ciufnrbznr cf >11% kc fhs mbcjcs bjgucmfcs kcf Pbjkb`nth pnrn tcjcr fn
`crtczn ourçkb`n kc su prhpbcknk.
@hjstru``bðj kc uj Kcphrtbvh Gnibstcrbnf quc scn nuthsustcjtnmfc. ]csiunrkh, nkgbjbstrn`bðj y hptbgbzn`bðj kc fhs mbcjcs bjgucmfcs y
nqucffhs nkqubrbkhs n fh duturh n tçtufh ourçkb`h, ghmbfbnrbh, bj`fuycjkh kh`ugcjths y nr`ebvhs, dhjkhs rc`nuknkhs phr `hj`cpth kc `uhtns sbjkb`nfcs, `râkbths, khjn`bhjcs h fcinkhs y fhs bjircshs quc phr `unfqubcr htrh tçtufh fcinf sc hmtcjin.
Icstbðj njtc cf @hgbtâ Coc`utbvh Jn`bhjnf pnrn nkqubrbr mbcjcs gucmfcs c
bjgucmfcs y trnjspnrcjtnr cf ush y nkqubsb`bðj kc csths.
]csiunrknr `hj rcsphjsnmbfbknk, ehjrnkcz y ehjcstbknk thkhs fhs mbcjcs kcf Pbjkb`nth.
Nkgbjbstrn`bðj y hptbgbzn`bðj kc fns `uhtns sbjkb`nfcs quc ffciucj cj
gnjcrn prhphr`bhjnf kc n`ucrkh `hj cf prcsupucsth njunf kc bjircshs y circshs.
=4. HDB@BNFÇN GNRH] ]cnfbznr uj kbnijðstb`h pnrn `hjh`cr fns jc`csbknkcs kc fns
bjstnfn`bhjcs kcf PJ[C cj thkhs sus ckbdb`bhs quc pcrgbtn sumsnjnr fns kcdb`bcj`bns y gcohrnr fns `hjkb`bhjcs pnrn mrbjknr uj gcohr scrvb`bh.
Ffcvnr n `nmh ujn rcvbsbðj gbju`bhsn kc fns jc`csbknkcs kc pcrshjnf kc
nphyh y nkgbjbstrntbvh pnrn cf kcsnrrhffh ðptbgh kc fns n`tbvbknkcs nkgbjbstrntbvns y kc scrvb`bhs kcjtrh fhs ckbdb`bhs sbjkb`nfcs.
Gnjtcjcr ujn rcfn`bðj cstrc`en `hj fhs rcsphjsnmfcs kc pntrbghjbh
sbjkb`nf, `hj fn dbjnfbknk kc ffcvnr n `nmh uj trnmnoh `hhrkbjnkh pnrn cf mucj duj`bhjngbcjth kc fns bjstnfn`bhjcs, `hj cf prhpðsbth kc hthrinr uj scrvb`bh kc `nfbknk. ` hj cf dbj Nkqubsb`bðj, hptbgbzn`bðj y cjtrcin hphrtujn kc fhs gntcrbnfcs, `hj
kc `umrbr fn jc`csbknk cj tbcgph y dhrgn, pnrn cf mucj kcscgpcþh kc fhs `hgpnþcrhs icsthrcs kc `nkn `hhrkbjn`bðj rcibhjnf y hdb`bjns kc fn Pc``bðj = kcf PJ[C cj Gcxb`nfb, nsç `hgh cf pcrshjnf `hjtrntnkh phr fn Pc``bðj = kcf PJ[C.
=9. @HGB[Â PC@@BHJNF CFC@[H]NF
Sjh kc fhs `hgprhgbshs nsugbkhs cs fn bgphrtnj`bn kc trnspnrcj`bn y fn rcjkb`bðj kc `ucjtns knkh n quc sc trnmnonrî mnoh cstc prbj`bpbh sciÿj cf nrtç`ufh >59 `hj fn dn`uftnk y ntrbmu`bhjcs kcf @hgbtâ Pc``bhjnf kc Tbibfnj`bn, [rnjspnrcj`bn y ]cjkb`bðj kc ]csuftnkhs y fns `hgpctcj`bns tngmbâj scþnfnkns cj cf Nrtç`ufh >1; kcf Cstntuth Pbjkb`nf, gbsgns kc fns quc sc en`c gcj`bðj y `hgprhgbsh kc cstns.
Npfb`nr y hmscrvnr cf ]cifngcjth y Gnjunf kc Duj`bhjcs cgbtbkh phr cf
@hgbtâ Jn`bhjnf, csth pcrgbtc rciufnr y rcsphjsnmbfbznr fns n``bhjcs quc `hjffcvcj n jh `ugpfbr `hj cstc npnrtnkh, h en`cr `nsh hgbsh. Fhirnr ujn pnrtb`bpn`bðj kc fn sh`bcknk cj fns duj`bhjcs kc dbs`nfbzn`bðj
knjkh dc kc fns trnjspnrcj`bns kc fn icstbðj sbjkb`nf.
Dhgcjtnr ujn `ufturn kc [rnjspnrcj`bn y ]cjkb`bðj kc ]csuftnkhs
sustcjtnkn cj vnfhrcs y prbj`bpbhs âtb`hs quc sc rcdfcocj cj cf qucen`cr `htbkbnjh kcf PJ[C y kc sus kbrbicjtcs.
Kbscþnr c bgpfcgcjtnr cf Qrhirngn Pc``bhjnf phr fn [rnjspnrcj`bn y
]cjkb`bðj kc ]csuftnkhs.
Dhrgufnr cf Qrhirngn Njunf kc Nukbthrbns, `nfcjknrbznjkh fns rcvbsbhjcs
quc sc kcmnj rcnfbznr nf @hgbtâ Coc`utbvh Pc``bhjnf, n fhs @hgbtâs Kcfcin`bhjnfcs y n fns ]cprcscjtn`bhjcs kc @cjtrh kc [rnmnoh.
Cstnmfc`cr fn hmfbinthrbcknk kc rcjkbr `ucjtns, nf rcqucrbr kc fhs tbtufnrcs
kcf @hgbtâ Coc`utbvh Pc``bhjnf, fn kc`fnrn`bðj pntrbghjbnf kc mbcjcs, quc kcmcrî prcscjtnrsc kcjtrh kc uj pfnzh kc trcbjtn kçns eîmbfcs phstcrbhrcs n su cfc``bðj y phr sciujkn h`nsbðj cj fhs trcbjtn kçns prcvbhs nf târgbjh kc su icstbðj.
Cstnmfc`cr n fhs gbcgmrhs kcf @hgbtâ Coc`utbvh Pc``bhjnf, cf Qrhirngn
Njunf kc N`tbvbknkcs, `hj cf dbj kc supcrvbsnr su pujtunf `ugpfbgbcjth kc trnmnoh kcscgpcþnkh y fhs nvnj`cs kc `nkn gbcgmrh.
Qrhghvcr cf @ðkbih kc Âtb`n kcf PJ[C `hj fn nkhp`bðj kcf dhgcjth kc
fhs vnfhrcs? fn bjtcirbknk, ehjcstbknk y rcsphjsnmbfbknk kc fhs kbrbicjtcs sbjkb`nfcs. Tbibfnr cf ush nkc`unkh kc fhs mbcjcs gucmfcs c bjgucmfcs kcf
pntrbghjbh sbjkb`nf.
Qrhghvcr fn npfb`n`bðj kc fns snj`bhjcs `hrrc`tbvns kc fhs kbrbicjtcs
njtc fhs Ðrinjhs Pupcrbhrcs kc Ihmbcrjh `hgpctcjtcs.
Qumfb`nr cj fhs Ðrinjhs bjdhrgntbvhs hdb`bnfcs kc fn Pc``bðj, uj bjdhrgc
kcf cstntus kcf Pbjkb`nth cj `unjth n icstbðj, prhirngns y dbjnjzns.
]c`bmbr y trngbtnr fns bj`hjdhrgbknkcs quc suronj cj fhs scrvb`bhs y
prhgh`bðj kc prcstn`bhjcs, cj cf îgmbth kc su `hgpctcj`bn.
Bjdhrgnr kc su icstbðj nf @hgbtâ Jn`bhjnf kc Tbibfnj`bn, [rnjspnrcj`bn y
]cjkb`bðj kc ]csuftnkhs y nf Qfcjh Pc``bhjnf, y cj su `nsh rcsphjkcr phr
brrciufnrbknkcs
h
bj`ugpfbgbcjth
kc
sus
hmfbin`bhjcs,
bjkcpcjkbcjtcgcjtc kc fn rcsphjsnmbfbknk fcinf quc pukbcrn scrfc ntrbmubkn.
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