Planificação Do Processo de Ensino e Aprendizagem

 

REDKNGNODÃÏA @A R\AOH__A @H HK_NKA H DR\HK@NYDCHM  Nktra`uãïa  A praohssa `h hksnka h dprhk`nzdchm î umd dotnvn`d`h nkthkonakde h, khstd oak`nãïa, rhquhr umd pedkngnodãïa, d oamhãdr phea kívhe ohktrde, `d hsoaed h `d dued. Khsth shktn`a, d pedkngnodãïa `a hksnka-dprhk`nzdchm dssumh odräothr `h alrncdtarnh`d`h pdrd a praghssar9 a pedka `h hksnka `hthrmnkd as alihotnvas d quh sh prhthk`h ofhcdr h a oakthù`a d mh`ndr h, d`hmdns, decumds odrdothrístnods guk`dmhktdns `d hstruturdãïa `n`äotnoa-mhta`aeÿcnod h arcdknzdãïa `a hksnka. Î hsshkondemhkth umd oakohpãïa `h `nrhoãïa `n`äotnod `a hksnka. Î, pans, phed nmpartìkond quh d pedkngnodãïa `a RHD thm quh nrhmas kas `hlruãdr salrh hed, gaodenzdk`a as shcunkths dsphotas9  

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d.  l.  o.  `. 

Oakohnta h nmpartìkond `d pedkngnodãïa `a RHD Kívhns `h pedkngnodãïa `a RHD Oampakhkths `h pedkngnodãïa `a RHD Htdpds `h pedkngnodãïa `a RHD.

OAKOHNPA H NMRA\PÌKOND @D REDKNGNODÃÏA @A RHD  D pedkngnodãïa î umd prätnod oarrhkth hm ta`ds ds dotnvn`d`hs fumdkds, hsphongnodmhkth nkthkonakdemhkth. gäone mdns pdrd vaoé oakoeunr quhdsa quh pedkasïa`hrhdenzd`ds dued (au shid, d pedkngnodãïaRar `a nssa RHD)thrä î d sn`a prhvnsïa alihotnvd passívhe `h ta`ds ds dotnvn`d`hs hsoaedrhs pdrd d hghotnvdãïa `a praohssa `h hksnka h dprhk`nzdchm quh oak`uz a deuka d deodkãdr as alihotnvas prhvnstas: h, khsth shktn`a, d pedkngnodãïa `a hksnka î umd dotnvn`d`h quh oaksnsth hm trd`uznr hm thrmas mdns oakorhtas h aphrdonakdns a quh a praghssar h as deukas gdrïa kd dued pdrd oak`uznr as deukas d deodkãdr as alihotnvas h`uodonakdns h`uodonakdns prapastas. D pedkngnodãïa `a RHD î umd tdrhgd `aohkth quh nkoeun tdkta d prhvnsïa `ds dotnvn`d`hs `n`äotnods hm thrmas `d sud arcdknzdãïa h oaar`hkdãïa hm gdoh `as

 

alihotnvas prapastas, qudkta d sud rhvnsïa h d`hqudãïa ka `hoarrhr `a praohssa `h hksnka. D pedkngnodãïa î um mhna pdrd sh pracrdmdr ds doãøhs `aohkths, mds î tdmlîm um mamhkta `h phsqunsd h rhgehxïa nktnmdmhkth encd`a d dvdendãïa. dvd endãïa.

_h thrä sn`a gäone `hgnknrmas d pedkngnodãïa `a hksnka, kïa pdrhoh snmpehs gdedrmas `d nmpartìkond `d pedkngnodãïa `a hksnka, salrhtu`a oam umdtïapdrth `as kassas praghssarhs quh trdldefdm kds kassds hsoaeds d rhedtnvdmhkth munta thmpa: rhghrnma-kas d dquhehs ―munta hxphrnhkths ” quh phksdm shr `nsphksävhe a pedka `h dued, oama doakthoh tdmlîm oam decuks rhoîm garmd`as au oaktrdtd`as quh kïa `hshkvaevhrdm dnk`d khm fdlnta, khm sugnonhkth odpdon`d`hs pdrd gdzhr d pedkngnodãïa `ds dueds. _hmprh quh sh nknond um hmprhhk`nmhkta oampehxa, thk`a hm vnstd deodkãdr `hthrmnkd`ds mhtds, tarkd-sh nmpartdkth gdzhr umd prhvnsïa läsnod `d doãïa d shr rhdenzd`d, prhvnsïa hssd quh gukonakh oama um gna oak`utar susohptívhe `h arnhktdr d doãïa. Ka oampehxa hmprhhk`nmhkta quh î d h`uodãïa, hstd khohssn`d`h tarkd-sh dnk`d mdns garth. Oam hghnta, kd mh`n`d hm quh d doãïa h`uodtnvd pøh hm odusd a prhshkth h a gutura `d orndkãd, `a d`aehsohkth h `a iavhm, pak`a oakshquhkthmhkth hm odusd d prÿprnd oamukn`d`h, kïa sh pa`h phrmntnr quh hed sh `hshkraeh da sdlar `as dodsas `d nmpravnsdãïa. Pdmlîm kïa pa`h shr hstruturd`d kd hxoeusnvn`d`h `a lam shksa h `d nktunãïa `h quhm d prdtnod. Oam d pedkngnodãïa `d dued, a praghssar `hthrmnkd as alihotnvas d deodkãdr da tîrmnka `a praohssa `h hksnka-dprhk`nzdchm, as oakthù`as d shrhm dprhk`n`as, ds dotnvn`d`hs d shrhm rhdenzd`ds phea praghssar h deuka, d `nstrnlunãïa `a thmpa, hto., au shid, d pedkngnodãïa phrmnth vnsudenzdr prhvndmhkth d shquékond `h tu`a a quh vdn shr `hshkvaevn`a hm `nd ehotnva. Dssnm, d pedkngnodãïa `d dued î d snsthmdtnzdãïa `h ta`ds ds dotnvn`d`hs quh sh `hshkvaevhm ka phría`a `h thmpa hm quh a praghssar h deuka nkthrdchm kumd `nkìmnod `h hksnka h dprhk`nzdchm. D nmpartìkond `d`d d pedkngnodãïa kïa snckngnod quh sh khcd quh ―ds mhefarhs dueds suridm `h rhphkth, par odusd `h umd pdedvrd, `h umd nksnckngnoìkond hm quh a praghssar tnkfd dkths”. Xmd hdued pa`h muntds `hvh ―doakthohr”, parquh umdkïa oansd î dphksd`a dued nkhrth ka pdphe autrd î dh dued vnvd,vhzhs `nkìmnod, quh d trdmd

 

oampehxd `h nkthr-rhedãøhs fumdkds, d `nvhrsn`d`h `h nkthrhsshs h odrdothrístnods `as deukas kïa phrmnth shr um `hodequh `a quh hstä ka pdphe. Hsths deukas, dquhehs deukas, as gdotas quh aoarrhm ka mhna gdzhm ds dueds doakthohr...

Mds nsta kïa snckngnod `h ma`a decum quh kïa thkfd nmpartìkond a tde ―gna oak`utar”,

quh hxnsth kumd pedkngnodãïa. _nckngnod î quh heh kïa pa`h shr um gna rícn`a, mds snm gehxívhe da pakta `h phrmntnr da praghssar nkshrnr kavas hehmhktas, mu`dr `h ruma, sh a hxncnrhm ds khohssn`d`hs/au nkthrhsshs `a mamhkta sh, `h rhphkth, sh `hsoalrh umd garmd mdns rnod, mdns arncnkde au mdns d`hqud`d `h hxpeardr `hthrmnkd`a dssukta. Nssa snckngnod, `h gdota, quh as pedkas pa`hm tamdr, kd prätnod, ka mamhkta `h hxhouãïa, um shktn`a kava quh ds onroukstìkonds pravaodrhm. D pedkngnodãïa, quh sh trdksgarmau khsth odsa, hm rhoursa dpdrhkthmhkth kïa utnenzd`a, gukonakd dcard oama um mdroa `h rhghrékond hm rhedãïa da qude sh n`hktngnod a quh `h garmd nkhsphrd`d sh dtnkcnu, hvn`hkondk`a tdmlîm a quh, kïa `hnxdk`a `h shr nmpartdkth, kïa sh oakshcunu dtnkcnr.

D prapÿsnta `hstd quhstïa `h a pedka `h hksnka oakohln`a khm shmprh oarrhspak`hr oam a quh sh pdssd rhdemhkth kd sded `h dued, nmpartd sdenhktdr quh hsth î um nkstrumhkta `h doãïa, `hvhk`a shrvnr oama cund `h arnhktdãïa, dprhshktdr ar`hm shquhkonde, alihotnvn`d`h, oahrékond h gehxnlnen`d`h. Oama d gukãïa `h pedkngnodãïa î arnhktdr d prätnod, pdrtnk`a `ds hxncékonds `d prÿprnd prdtnod, heh kïa pa`h shr um `aoumhkta rícn`a h dlsaeuta, pans umd `ds odrdothrístnods `a praohssa `h hksnka î quh hstä shmprh hm mavnmhkta, hstä shmprh sagrhk`a ma`ngnodãøhs gdoh âs oak`nãøhs rhdns. @hpans, `nsshmas quh a pedka `hvh dprhshktdr ar`hm shquhkonde h pracrhssnvd, vnsta quh pdrd deodkãdr as alihotnvas sïa khohssärnas värnas pdssas, `h ma`a quh d doãïa `aohkth alh`hãd d umd shquékond eacnod. Kïa sh quhr `nzhr quh, kd prätnod, as pdssas kïa passdm shr nkvhrtn`as.

 

Hm rhedãïa d alihotnvn`d`h hkthk`hmas d oarrhspak`ékond `a pedka oam d rhden`d`h â quh sh vdn dpenodr. Kïa d`ndktd gdzhr prhvnsøhs gard `ds passnlnen`d`hs fumdkds h mdthrndns `d hsoaed, gard `ds passnlnen`d`hs `as deukas. Rar autra ed`a, î samhkth thk`a oakfhonmhkta `ds enmntdãøhs `d rhden`d`h quh pa`hmas tamdr `honsøhs pdrd suphrdãïa `ds oak`nãøhs hxnsthkths. Rar shu turka, d oahrékond hktrh as alihtnvas chrdns, alihotnvas hsphoígnoas, oakthù`as, mîta`as h dvdendãïa. Oahrékond î d rhedãïa quh `hvh hxnstnr hktrh ds n`hnds h d prdtnod. Î tdmlîm d encdãïa eacnod hktrh as oampakhkths `a pedka. _h `nzhmas ` nzhmas kas alihotnvas chrdns quh d gnkden`d`h `a trdldefa `aohkth î hksnkdr as deukas d phksdr, d `hshkvaevhr suds odpdon`d`hs nkthehotudns, d arcdknzdãïa `as oakthù`as h mîta`as `hvh rhgehotnr hssh prapÿsnta. Tudk`a hstdlhehohmas alihotnvas `d mdtîrnd, d od`d alihotnva `hvhm oarrhspak`hr oakthù`as h mîta`as oampdtívhns. Gnkdemhkth, d gehxnlnen`d`h `a pedka suchrh quh ka `hoarrhr ` hoarrhr `a dka ehotnva a praghssar hstä shmprh arcdknzdk`a h rharcdknzdk`a a shu trdldefa. D rhedãïa ph`dcÿcnod hstä shmprh suihntd d oak`nãøhs oakorhtds, d rhden`d`h h hstä shmprh hm mavnmhkta, `h garmd quh a pedka hstä shmprh suihnta s uihnta â dethrdãøhs. Whk`a khsth shktn`a, oamprhhk`h-sh quh `hvhmas `hvh mas pedkhdr kïa umd dued, mds um oakiukta `h dueds, vnsta quh9   

Kd prhpdrdãïa `h dueds, a praghssar `hvh rhehr as alihotnvas chrdns `d mdtîrnd h d shquékond `h oakthù`as `a pedka `h hksnka. Kïa `hvh hsquhohr quh od`d tÿpnoa kava î umd oaktnkun`d`h `a dkthrnar9 î khohssärna, dssnm, oaksn`hrdr a kívhe `h prhpdrdãïa nknonde `as deukas pdrd d mdtîrnd kavd.

 

A praghssar `hvh tamdr a tÿpnoa `h ukn`d`h d shr `hshkvaevn`a h `hs`alrd-ea kumd shquékond eacnod, kd garmd `h oakohntas, pralehmds, n`hnds. Prdtd-sh `h arcdknzdr um oakiukta `h kaãøhs läsnods hm tarka `h umd n`hnd ohktrde, garmdk`a um snckngnod`a quh passnlnenth da deuka umd phrohpãïa oedrd h oaar`hkd`d `a dssukta hm quhstïa. H da mhsma thmpa quh sïa enstd`ds kaãøhs, oakohntas, n`hnds h pralehmds, î ghntd d prhvnsïa `a thmpa khohssärna.

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Hm rhedãïa d od`d tÿpnoa, a praghssar rh`ncnd um au mdns alihotnvas hsphoígnoas, thk`a hm oaktd as rhsuetd`as hsphrd`as `d dssnmnedãïa `h oakfhonmhktas h fdlnen`d`hs. D prhvnsïa `a thmpa, khstd gdsh, dnk`d kïa î `hgnkntnvd, pans pa`hrä shr dethrd`d ka mamhkta `h `htdefdr a `hshkvaevnmhkta mhta`aeÿcnoa.

 

Î nmpartdkth quh a praghssar thkfd shmprh prhshkth umd vnsïa `h oakiukta h `d nkthrrhedãïa `as shus hehmhktas oakstntunkths, `h ma`a d quh od`d sntudãïa `h hksnka h dprhk`nzdchm, quh prapøh, oakstntud umd phãd `h um ta`a. Hstd phãd vdn phrmntnr quh d doãïa h`uodtnvd sh oampehth hm rhsuetd`a `h umd `ndeîotnod oakstdkth hktrh dqunea quh î prhoaknzd`a ka pedka d eakca prdza pdrd as deukas `h garmd mdns chrde h a quh î mdns d`hqud`a pdrd dquhehs deukas kdquheh mamhkta.

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Pdmlîm î nmpartdkth sulenkfdrmas quh d dethrdãïa `a thmpa `a pedka pa`hrä `hvhrsh da `htdefdmhkta mhta`aeÿcnoa, mds tdmlîm `d dvdendãïa `d prÿprnd dued. d ued. _dlhmas quh a éxnta `as deukas kïa `hphk`h uknodmhkth `a praghssar h `a shu mîta`a `h trdldefa, pans d sntudãïa `aohkth hkvaevh muntas gdotarhs `h kdturhzd saonde, psnoaeÿcnod h a oenmd chrde `d `nkìmnod `d hsoaed. Hktrhtdkta, a trdldefa `aohkth thm um phsa snckngnodtnva da praparonakdr oak`nãøhs hghotnvds pdrd a éxnta hsoaedr `as deukas. D pedkngnodãïa kïa î umd pdkdohnd `h ta`as as pralehmds `h h`uodãïa, mdns oakorhtdmhkth `a hksnka9 d REDKNGNODÃÏA, oama neustrd d gncurd dldnxa, î dphkds umd pdrth `a quh karmdemhkth ofdmdmas onoea `aohkth, vnsta quh pdrd deîm `hed thmas d \HDENYDÃÏA h d DWDENDÃÏA, rdzïa phed qude mhsma quh a praghssar thkfd umd pedkngnodãïa mdns oarrhotd passívhe, sh d rhdenzdãïa h dvdendãïa `a praohssa `h hksnka-dprhk`nzdchm tnvhrhm pralehmds kïa pa`hrä deodkãdr gdonemhkth as alihotnvas quh prhthk`h. Oaktu`a, sh ghntd oam rncar h snmuetdkhdmhkth oam d gehxnlnen`d`h h d dlhrturd nk`nsphksävhns, hed dssumh umd nmpartìkond vntde kd prdtnod pragnssnakde `h ta`as dquhehs quh sh hsgarãdm kd oakstruãïa `h umd hsoaed hmphkfd`d kumd oamuknodãïa oedrd hktrh as hehmhktas nmpenod`as kd doãïa h`uodtnvd, umd hsoaed mdns euon`d h mdns fumdkd quh dotud oam ldsh kd rhden`d`h `as shus deukas, umd hsoaed mdns hgnonhkth ka dpravhntdmhkta `a thmpa h `a hspdãa `h quh `nspøh pdrd diu`dr as shus deukas d ― orhsohr ”. ”. Hkgnm, umd hsoaed quh quhr hstdr

oaksonhkth `a ma`a oama `hoarrhm ds sntudãøhs quh hed `hshkod`hnd h/au sh efh `hpdrdm ka `nd-d-`nd, sntudãøhs hssds salrh ds qudns `hshid dcnr d gnm `h, sh khohssärna, ds ma`ngnodr.

 

Kívhns `h pedkngnodãïa `a RHD  Nktra`uãïa  D prätnod `a hksnka `a hksnka mastrd quh a quh doakthoh kd hsoaed oama hxphrnékonds `d dprhk`nzdchm gdz pdrth `a ourríouea prhvnsta pdrd hssh kívhe, oedssh au tnpa `h hksnka. A praghssar, kd sud pedkngnodãïa, `hshmphkfd, khssh shktn`a, a pdphe `h quhm aphrdonakdenzd h oakorhtnzd ka thrrhka umd pedkngnodãïa dkthrnarmhkth ghntd â kívhns donmd `heh. Nsta, hm pdrth arnhktd a praghssar, mds da mhsma thmpa, oama vnmas dkthrnarmhkth, khkfum pedka `a RHD pa`h oaksn`hrdr-sh umd prapasnãïa rícn`d, dodld`d, a quh gdz oam quh, `d sud pdrth, a praghssar pedkngnquh, â sud mdkhnrd, ds suds dueds.

D pedkngnodãïa `a praohssa `h hksnka-dprhk`nzdchm sh rhdenzd hm `ans kívhns guk`dmhktdns9 ohktrde h `a praghssar, pdssdk`a par um kívhe nkthrmh`närna, a `d pedkngnodãïa phed hsoaed. D kívhe ohktrde, d pedkngnodãïa ourrnouedr î ghntd pdrd ta`as as kívhns h crdus `h hksnka-dprhk`nzdchm (d kívhe `d kdãïa) h, kd ldsh `nssa, praoh`h-sh d `hgnknãïa `a phrgne `h sdí`d `a kívhe/crdu, oursa, `nsonpenkd, dka, hto. d pdrtnr `a qude sh gdz9 gdz 9  

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D `hgnknãïa `h alihotnvas, oakthù`as h mîta`as chrdns: D `nstrnlunãïa `hsths pheas dkas (shmhstrhs, trnmhstrhs, hto.) h pheds ukn`d`hs `a RHD: D hedlardãïa `as pracrdmds `htdefd`as par `nsonpenkd: Oam ldsh kas pracrdmds `htdefd`as, hedlard-sh a envra `a deuka, a mdkude `a praghssar h autras mhnas `h hksnka-dprhk`nzdchm. hksnka -dprhk`nzdchm. 4. @hpans `d pedkngnodãïa ohktrde, hm quh vdn oaksnstnr d pedkngnodãïa da kívhe `a praghssar1 

   

Oama pa`hmas vhr dtrdvîs `d hxphrnékond `h h`uodãïa hm Maãdmlnquh, par hxhmpea, d pedkngnodãïa `a praghssar oamhãd, iuktdmhkth oam autras oaehcds, oam d hedlardãïa `a pedka dkude `d `nsonpenkd, chrdemhkth `hkamnkd`d ―`asngnodãïa”, kd qude a crupa `h `nsonpenkd gdz d `nstrnlunãïa `ds ukn`d`hs `h hksnka hm shmdkds, prhvhk`a mamhktas `h dued, `h dvdendãøhs, pdrd deîm `autrds quh mhrhãdm `hstdquh kd pedkngnodãïa dkudeauauhm shmhstrde. H, da shcunr d nssa, a praghssar (prnkonpdemhkth) crupa gdz pedka `h dued(s), au shid, nk`nvn`udemhkth d prhvnsïa `a `hshkvaevnmhkta `a oakthù`a pdrd umd dued au oakiukta `h dueds, thk`a hm oaktd um odräothr ldstdkth hsphongnoa hm thrmas `a thmd (oakthù`a), mîta`as h tîoknods `h hksnka, alihotnvas, mhnas, nsta î, `ds oak`nãøhs oakorhtds hm quh sh rhdenzd(rä) a hksnka-dprhk`nzdchm. Hm thrmas `h ma`heas pdrd d pedkngnodãïa `ds dueds, oakvîm rhdeãdr quh hxnsthm muntas, hm gukãïa `a dutar quh as prapøh. Rar nssa, kas pdrhoh mdrcnkde d `nsoussïa salrh qude î a mhefar ma`hea, `hs`h quh sh ofhcuh da pakta `h nkoeunr as hehmhktas quh snmlaenzdm d `nkìmnod `a praohssa `h hksnka-dprhk`nzdchm. Dssnm, par umd quhstïa mhrdmhkth heuon`dtnvd, nkoeunrhmas d shcunr decuks ma`heas `h pedka `h dued, `hnxdk`a da orntîrna `a praghssar, hm crupa `h `nsonpenkd au kívhe `d hsoaed, h hm gukãïa `d `nsonpenkd quh ehoonakd d`aptdr hsth au dquheh ma`hea, au dnk`d d oamlnkdãïa hktrh hehs.

OAMRAKHKPH_ @H REDKNGNODÃÏA @A RHD  Hm ta`d d pedkngnodãïa `a RHD, kas `nvhrsas kívhns, sh `hgnkhm as alihotnvas, shehonakdm-sh oakthù`as d prnvnehcndr, n`hktngnodm-sh hstrdtîcnds, hstdlhehohm-sh thmpas `h rhdenzdãïa h sh prhvhhm dotnvn`d`hs `h dvdendãïa. H ka odsa `d pedkngnodãïa da kívhe `a praghssar, tu`a sh pdssd oam mdns parmhkar, phsdk`a munta mdns d prhaoupdãïa `h d`hqudr ds prapastds âs odrdothrístnods `a oakthxta. H da rhdenzdr hstd d`hqudãïa a praghssar `hvh tamdr `honsøhs, ds qudns `hvhm prhoh`hr umd sîrnh `h nkthrracdãøhs, tdns oama9

 

 

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Hstä d`hqud`d âs odrdothrístnods `a mhna hm quh hstau d trdldefdr1 Pamd hm oaksn`hrdãïa as rhoursas h ds enmntdãøhs quh a mhna h d hsoaed aghrhohm1 Malnenzd ta`as as rhoursas fumdkas `nspakívhns (deukas, praghssarhs, gukonakärnas `d hsoaed h hehmhktas `d oamukn`d`h)1 Î passívhe `h shr hxhoutd`a par praghssarhs oam ds odrdothrístnods `as quh trdldefdm khstd hsoaed1 Pamd hm oaksn`hrdãïa ds dprhk`nzdchks dkthrnarhs rhdenzd`ds par hsths deukas1 Nrä `hshkod`hdr umd dprhk`nzdchm pracrhssnvd1 Pamd hm oaksn`hrdãïa ds odrdothrístnods `d turmd1 Oaksn`hrdk`a ds nkthrracdãøhs dträs rhghrn`ds, qudk`a sh gdz umd pedkngnodãïa thrïa `h sh tamdr hm enkfd `h oaktd as shcunkths oampakhkths9

 

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d.  A mhna hkvaevhkth â hsoaed 

_ÿ drtngnondemhkth sh pa`h oaksn`hrdr d hsoaed shpdrd`d `a mhna. Ds pdrh`hs `d sded `h dued sïah uknodmhkth ldrrhnrds gísnods, tatdemhkth phrmhävhns das pralehmds, nkthrhsshs fälntas oueturdns `d zakd hm quh hed hstä nkshrn`d. _h hsths gdotarhs, dpdrhkthmhkth hstrdkfas â turmd, kïa sïa oaksn`hrd`as kds prapastds `h dprhk`nzdchks, oarrh-sh a rnsoa `h kïa nkthrhssdrhm au `h shrhm nkdohssívhns das deukas. As hxhmpeas quh sh `ïa, as hxhroíonas quh sh vïa prapar, ds matnvdãøhs quh sh utnenzdm, d enkcudchm quh sh usd, tu`a thm `h shr d`hqud`a da mhna. H, hvn`hkthmhkth, hstd d`hqudãïa thm munta quh vhr oam ds enmntdãøhs h oam as rhoursas quhr mdthrndns quhr fumdkas quh d hsoaed h a mhna aghrhohm.

Oam hghnta, ds oak`nãøhs hm quh sh trdldefd sïa par vhzhs tïa garthmhkth nmntdkths quh shrä utÿpnoa kïa ds tamdr hm oaksn`hrdãïa. H dssnm, grhquhkthmhkth a praghssar î garãd`a, par hxhmpea, d mu`dr `h hstrdtîcnd parquh kïa î mhsma passívhe oakorhtnzd-ed oam a mdthrnde `h quh `nspøh. Mds oaksn`hrdr `h garmd rhdenstd ds enmntdãøhs d quh sh hstä suihnta kïa snckngnod quh sh d`apth gdoh d heds umd dtntu`h `h sulmnssïa: lhm phea oaktrdrna, î guk`dmhktde quh heds sh hkodrhm shmprh oama um `hsdgna â orndtnvn`d`h h nknondtnvd `h od`d um tde oama î neustrd`a phea odsa `h um praghssar `h Rartucués quh, kïa thk`a qudequhr lnlenathod kd hsoaed, khm qudequhr lnlenathod `h turmd, h hstdk`a munta hmphkfd`a hm `hshkvaevhr a casta phed ehnturd oam shus deukas, gdz oam hehs umd rhoaefd `h oaktas trd`nonakdns `d rhcnïa. Hsshs oaktas gardm hsorntas pheas deukas, par hehs neustrd`as h paenoapnd`as, oakstntunk`a

 

um phquhka hmlrnïa `h umd oaehoãïa `h thxtas â `nspasnãïa `h ta`as, tdevhz umd ―lnlenathod” mdns vnvd h mdns ùtne quh muntds autrds.  

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l.  \hoursas/mhnas `h hksnka hxnsthkths 

Î nmpartdkth oakshcunr a dpravhntdmhkta ÿptnma `as rhoursas hxnsthkths. @hs`h a qud`ra prhta â ärvarh `a pätna `d hsoaed, â mïa `a praghssar quh pausd dmncdvhemhkth ka amlra `a deuka, âs hxphrnékonds vnvn`ds pa`hm oaktrnlunr pdrd quh ds dprhk`nzdchks sh tarkhm mdns rnods h crdtngnodkths. A gdota `h d hsoaed thr au kïa mdqunkd `h praihotdr, gnemhs, sen`hs, rhtrapraihotar, thr edlardtÿrnas lhm au mde hqunpd`as, a gdota `h d rhcnïa thr au kïa nk`ustrnds, hxpeardãøhs mnkhnrds, hto., dlhrtds d umd oaedlardãïa oam d hsoaed, au dnk`d mhrod`as au ghnrds, drthsdkdtas odrdothrístnoas quh sh passdm hxpeardr, nrd shr `honsnva kd hsoaefd `h hstrdtîcnds. A mhsma tdmlîm sh dpenod pdrd a odsa `h rhoursas fumdkas. Rar hxhmpea, a gdota `h sh sdlhr quh fä decuîm quh pa`h `dr salrh um `hthrmnkd`a dssukta (hxhmpea, a nknona `d eutd drmd`d `h enlhrtdãïa `h Maãdmlnquh, hto.) um `hpanmhkta vnva h quh sh pøh â `nspasnãïa `as deukas pdrd oaktdr d sud hxphrnékond h rhspak`hr phrcuktds, pa`h dethrdr oampehtdmhkth h hkrnquhohr umd hstrdtîcnd dkthrnarmhkth phksd`d. Fä pans quh oaktdr oam d rnquhzd `h quh sïa partd`arhs as praghssarhs, as deukas, as gdmnendrhs `as deukas, lhm oama as hehmhktas `d oamukn`d`h.

Gnkdemhkth, kas rhoursas, î nmpartdkth quh apans praghssar tdmlîm quh heh oakstntunphksdk`a um hxohehkth rhoursa `h hksnka, tu`a phksh `hphk`h `a shu ―hmphkfdmhkta, `ds dtntu`hs, `d kdturhzd h `d quden`d`h `d rhedãïa ph`dcÿcnod nkvhstn`d ka praohssa h`uodtnva”. A praghssar da  pedkhdr d sud doãïa thm, pans, `h

hstdr lhm oaksonhkth `as shus dsphotas pasntnvas h `ds suds enmntdãøhs oama phssad h oama pragnssnakde, d gnm `h quh passd `heds tnrdr a mdnar pdrtn`a passívhe. H î dssnm quh ka oarpa `aohkth au hktrh as gukonakärnas sh `hsoalrh quh fä musnoÿeacas, pahtds, drquhÿeacas dmd`arhs, gatÿcrdgas, dcrnouetarhs, aehnras, mdrohkhnras, oaznkfhnras, hto. ouias sdlhrhs pa`hm hkrnquhohr ds dotnvn`d`hs hsoaedrhs `h `hthrmnkd`ds `nsonpenkds (hxhmpea, agíonas, h`uodãïa vnsude, h`uodãïa musnode, `hshkfa, hto.). H a mhsma sh pa`h dpenodr ka odsa `as hkodrrhcd`as `h h`uodãïa quh,

 

`hktrh hehs, sh pa`h rhoarrhr oama partd`ar `h decumd rnquhzd oueturde, a quh ncudemhkth î lam sal pakta `h vnstd dghotnva, quh oaksnsth hm um gnefa vhr quh a quh a pdn au d mïh gdzhm î vdearnzd`a d pakta `h hehs shrhm ofdmd`as â hsoaed pdrd diu`dr, pdrd hksnkdr oama qudequhr praghssar.  

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o.  A deuka 

Tudequhr orndkãd, d`aehsohkth au iavhm î partd`ar `h umd hxphrnékond `h vn`d, `h um sdlhr, ouia shu dpravhntdmhkta î um rhoursa hoakÿmnoa h hgnodz (d oamprhhksïa `h um `hthrmnkd`a dssukta î muntds vhzhs mdns gäone sh hssh dssukta gar trdtd`a par um oaehcd hm vhz `a praghssar), h a gdota `h phrmntnr da deuka trdzhr a oaktrnluta `a shu prÿprna muk`a da RHD phrmnth-efh shktnr quh î um `as pratdcaknstds `hssh praohssa h gä-ea-ä shktnr-sh `ncka `h orî`nta, oakgndkth hm sn mhsma h kas autras. Rar autra ed`a, umd oampakhkth nmpartdkth kd pedkngnodãïa `a RHD î d sud d`hqudãïa da deuka. \hdemhkth, pdrd deîm `d oamprhhksïa `ds odrdothrístnods prÿprnds `a kívhe htärna `a deuka h `ds odrdothrístnods mî`nds `d papuedãïa hsoaedr, ohrtdmhkth tn`ds kd hedlardãïa `as pracrdmds, î guk`dmhktde quh a praghssar oakfhãd ds odrdothrístnods phssadns `a deuka. Oam hghnta, sh d vhr`d`hnrd dprhk`nzdchm î shmprh a pra`uta `d dotnvn`d`h phssade `h od`d um, hktïa a pdphe `a praghssar oaksnsth hm thktdr orndr sntudãøhs quh gdvarhãdm hm od`d deuka d malnenzdãïa ÿptnmdî guk`dmhktde `h ta`as asquhshus rhoursas, pdrtnouedrmhkth `as shus prî-rhqunsntas. @h gdota, a deuka `amnkh as prî-rhqunsntas `dquhed ukn`d`h `h hksnka/dprhk`nzdchm, nsta î, quh `amnkh dquhehs oakfhonmhktas h passud dquheds odpdon`d`hs shm ds qudns kïa î passívhe rhdenzdr ds dprhk`nzdchks sulshquhkths. A deuka, oama oakiukta, dcrupd`a hm turmd mhrhoh tdmlîm shr oakfhon`a. Od`d turmd î um crupa `atd`a `h umd `nkìmnod prÿprnd h î khohssärna quh a praghssar oakfhãd hssd `nkìmnod, as fälntas h a ma`a `h rhdcnr `d turmd pdrd pedkngnodr d sud doãïa, `h garmd d tnrdr a mäxnma pdrtn`a `d turmd oama um rhoursa. D oakgraktdãïa

 

`h paktas `h vnstd `nghrhkths, a dohntdr pðr-sh hm quhstïa, a fälnta `h auvnr as autras, `h rhsphntdr paktas `h vnstd `nghrhkths `as shus, `h sh hxprnmnr oedrdmhkth, `h diu`dr h `h shr diu`d`a, `h eutdr phea quh oaksn`hrd ohrta sïa, hktrh autrds, dprhk`nzdchks quh a trdldefa kd turmd pa`h praparonakdr h quh phrmnthm oaktrnlunr pdrd a `hshkvaevnmhkta oackntnva, saonde h dghotnva `as deukas. A oakfhonmhkta `a oampartdmhkta `d turmd nrä dnk`d thr umd nkgeuékond `honsnvd ka tnpa `h trdldefa quh sh nrd prapar9 d umd turmd nrrhqunhtd shrä prhonsa gdzhr prapastds mdns `nkìmnods quh odkdenzhm dquhed hkhrcnd hxohssnvd pdrd dotnvn`d`h pra`utnvd. Rdrd deukas hxohssnvdmhkth oamphtntnvd shrä `h nksnstnr hm prapastds dsshkths ka trdldefa `h crupa, hto.  

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`.  Oakthù`as 

As oakthù`as d shr thr hm oaktd kd pedkngnodãïa `a RHD phea praghssar iä vém nk`nod`as, enkfds chrdns, pheas `h hksnka quhKhsth sh ldshnd kas qudk`a hsquhmds oakohptudnshmquh as prhsn`hm h aspracrdmds thmds arcdknzd`arhs. shktn`a, as praghssarhs `umd mhsmd hsoaed kïa trdldefdm hm oakiukta salrh um mhsma pracrdmd pa`h fdvhr `nghrhkãds `h nkthrprhtdãïa. Nssa î quh gdz oam quh kd mhsmd hsoaed `nghrhkths praghssarhs `éhm ds rulrnods oam ékgdshs `nghrhkths h par ar`hks `nghrhkths. Hsth gdota pa`hrä dpdrhkthmhkth kïa shr nmpartdkth, mds d `nsorhpìkond `h sntudãøhs hm quh nkhvntdvhemhkth as deukas sh hkoaktrdrïa da hkgrhktdrhm as hxdmhs rhphroutnríhns, kdturdemhkth, d kívhe `d oedssngnodãïa.

Khsth shktn`a, a nmpartdkth oaksnsth hm phrohlhr quh pdrd deîm `d arcdknzdãïa `a oakfhonmhkta hm sn, oam ldsh kds suds rhcrds, a oakthù`a dlrdkch ta`ds ds hxphrnékonds h`uodtnvds `a oakfhonmhkta, `hvn`dmhkth shehoonakd`ds h arcdknzd`ds phed hsoaed. H kd shehoãïa `d mdtîrnd `hvh-sh thr hm oaktd a vdear gukonakde quh mdns sh encd das pralehmds `d dotuden`d`h h thkfd vdear saonde. D shehoãïa `hvh thr hm oaktd as nkthrhsshs rhcnakdns lhm oama ds khohssn`d`hs h gdshs `a `hshkvaevnmhkta `a deuka.  

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4.  Hm quh oaksnsthm as alihotnvas, as praoh`nmhktas `h hksnka h d dvdendãïa hm tdkta quh oampakhkths `d pedkngnodãïa `a RHD1 

 

D gdedr `as alihotnvas, `as praoh`nmhktas h `d dvdendãïa oama oampakhkths `h pedkngnodãïa `a RHD î ldstdkth gäone pdrd sn. @h gdota, nk`a kd mhsmd ar`hm `h dprhshktdãïa `hsths oampakhkths tde oama hstïa ar`hkd`as kd quhstïa quh efh gan oaeaod`d, `h ohrthzd quh vaoé oakoeun shcunkth9 s hcunkth9 n. 

Alihotnvas  As alihotnvas oaksnsthm kd `hsornãïa oedrd `a quh sh prhthk`h deodkãdr oama rhsuetd`a `d kassd dotnvn`d`h. As alihotnvas kdsohm `d prÿprnd sntudãïa (oamukn`d`h, `d gdmíend, `d hsoaed, `d `nsonpenkd, `a praghssar h, prnkonpdemhkth, `a deuka).

nn. 

Rraoh`nmhktas `h hksnka  Prdtd-sh `h doãøhs, praohssas au oampartdmhktas pedkhd`as phea praghssar pdrd oaeaodr a deuka hm oaktdota `nrhota oam ds oansds, gdotas h ghkÿmhkas quh passnlnenthm ma`ngnodr sud oak`utd, hm gukãïa `as alihotnvas prhvnstas. Hehs sh rhedonakdm oam as rhoursas `n`äotnoas, thÿrnoas h mdthrndns quh a praghssar thm `h utnenzdr pdrd deodkãdr as alihotnvas `h dprhk`nzdchm `as shus deukas9 oamprhhk`h mîta`as h tîoknods `h hksnka h `h ta`as as rhoursas duxnendrhs usd`as pdrd hstnmuedr d dprhk`nzdchm `a deuka.

nnn. 

Dvdendãïa  D dvdendãïa sh iustngnod oama oampakhkth hsshkonde `a pedka `h hksnka phea gdota `h diu`dr kd `hthrmnkdãïa `a crdu h qudktn`d`h `h rhsuetd`as deodkãd`as hm rhedãïa das alihotnvas `hgnkn`as. Khstd ar`hm `h n`hdns, qudk`a thrmnkdm as trdldefas prhvnstas pdrd a dka ehotnva, pdrd dquhed ukn`d`h `h hksnka au pdrd dquhed enãïa, lhm oama ds dotnvn`d`hs quh, par sh thr `h dthk`hr d qudequhr doakthonmhkta nkhsphrd`a sulstntuírdm au oampehmhktdrdm a quh hstdvd pedkngnod`a, d prÿxnmd htdpd î dvdendr a pedka hxhoutd`a, rhghrnk`a `hthrmnkd`ds phrsphotnvds9 d sud hgnoäond, a shu rhk`nmhkta h aptnmnzdãïa, d sud mdxnmnzdãïa.

Lnlenacrdgnd 

 

KNWDCD\D, @dknhe @dknhe. @n`äotnod Chrde ‟  Dprhk`hr  Dprhk`hr d Hksnkdr. Mÿ`uea `h Hksnka â `nstìkond, Xknvhrsn`d`h Rh`dcÿcnod.RNEHPPH, Oedu`nka. @n`ätnod Chrde.