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Sakf prhjhnlhfka

SAKF SRHJHNLHFK SRHJHNLHFKA A Jkpk................................................................................. ; Lftrhmunnlþf....................................................................... 2 ;.NHF]OP]_KALUKNLÞF....................................................... > ;.2 NHFNOS]H.................................................................. > ;.> OAOJOF]H^ MO AK SRHJHNLÞF MO WOF] WOF]K^ K^ ................... = ;.= JOUNAK SRHJHNLHFKA....................... SRHJHNLHFKA................................................ ......................... ? ;.? @ORRKJLOF] @ORRKJLOF]K^ K^ SRHJHNLHFKAO^...... SRHJHNLHFKAO^................................. ........................... 7 ;.7 SRHJHNLÞF HGGALFO, HFALFO.................................. HFALFO...................................... .... 22 2. 2.; 2.2 2.> 2.=

ML^OÛH MOA SAKF SRHJHNLHFKA...................... SRHJHNLHFKA................................. ........... 2= HBEO]LWH^................................................................. 2= SRHIRKJK................................................................. 2= SRO^_S_O^]H............................................................. 2? OWKA_KNLÞF............................................................... 27

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SK_]K^ SK_] K^ SKRK OAKBHRKR _F SAKF................................. 27

Iahskrlh............................................................................. 2< Blbalhirkgêk......................................................................... >3 Nrìmlths............................................................................. >;

GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

Jkpk SAKF SRHJHNLHFKA

;

GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

Lftrhmunnlþf Ak jkyhrêk mo aks ojprosks lfvlortof jun`h mlforh of kntlvlmkmos prhjhnlhfkaos, phrquo fonosltkf nkutlvkr fuovhs naloftos, mkr k nhfhnor sus prhmunths, jkftofor su ljkiof, phslnlhfkr ak jkrnk y, phr supuosth, kujoftkr sus voftks. ^lf ojbkrih, ak kntlvlmkm prhjhnlhfka pkrk quo nhf sok oxlthsk mobo rosphfmor k uf prhirkjk moblmkjofto pakflglnkmh, hbeotlvhs nakrhs y ostrktoilks blof mlsoûkmks, quo rosphfmkf k ah nhfslifkmh of oa pakf mo Jkrdotlfi. Shr osh, aks knnlhfos prhjhnlhfkaos mobof sor nh`oroftos nhf aks phaêtlnks mo ak ojprosk, nhf ahs hbeotlvhs prhpuosths phr oa mopkrtkjofth mo voftks y nhf aks fonoslmkmos mo nhjuflnknlþf moa prhmunth h sorvlnlh k prhjhnlhfkr. Hbsorvo mhfmo so sltõk osto pakf prhjhnlhfka, moftrh mo aks kntlvlmkmos moa foihnlh. Ksê, mosmo ak joznak mo jkrdotlfi, oa pakf prhjhnlhfka ksoiurk su nh`orofnlk nhf oa pakf ostrktìilnh mo ak ojprosk, fh shah of tìrjlfhs mo voftks, slfh tkjblìf, kglrjkfmh ak ljkiof moa prhmunth, jhstrkfmh sus voftkeks mlgorofnlkaos k ak nhjpotofnlk, quo rokajofto mobo sory bofoglnlhs oa hbeotlvh prlfnlpka grofto mo aks kntlvlmkmos prhjhnlhfkaos -‑Shslnlhfkr ahs prhmunths h sorvlnlhs‚ of ak jofto moa nhfsujlmhr. nhfsujlmhr. Shr osh, pkrk nukaqulor mlronthr mo voftks os gufmkjoftka nhfhnor ahs oaojofths quo lftorvlofof of aks knnlhfos prhjhnlhfkaos y k pkrtlr mo ostks moglflr aks ostrktoilks mo jkrdotlfi, quo `krëf pkrto moa pakf prhjhnlhfka. Of ostk hphrtuflmkm, so moskrrhaakrë oa tojk ‑Sakf prhjhnlhfka‚ `knlofmh rogorofnlk k nkmk ufh mo sus nhjphfoftos.

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GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

;. NHF]OP]_KALUKNLÞF Oa pakf prhjhnlhfka os oa mhnujofth mlsoûkmh phr ak ojprosk, nhf oa prhpþslth mo ljpaojoftkr aks ostrktoilks, quo so suilorof mosmo oa pakf mo jornkmoh pkrk kankfzkr ahs hbeotlvhs mo prhjhnlþf. Kaaê so nhfslifkf ufh k ufh ahs oaojofths y tìnflnks utlalzkr pkrk kntlvlmkmos quojìthmhs, nhjuflquof, porsukmkf h, aokronuormof ka moskrrhaakr nalofto aks bhfmkmos quo hgrono oa prhmunth ox`lblmh. ;.2 NHFNOS]H ^oiõf oa Mlnnlhfkrlh mo Jkrdotlfi, mo Nuaturka ^.K., moglfo ak prhjhnlþf nhjh "ufh mo ahs lfstrujofths gufmkjoftkaos moa jkrdotlfi nhf oa quo ak nhjpkûêk protofmo trkfsjltlr aks nukalmkmos mo su prhmunth k sus naloftos, pkrk quo ìsths so vokf ljpuaskmhs k kmqulrlrah.4 phr tkfth, nhfslsto of uf jonkflsjh mo trkfsjlslþf mo lfghrjknlþf" 

Os monlr aks quokntlvlmkmos ak prhjhnlþf mo voftksnhf pkrk mobo lftoirkr mo pubalnlmkm aks ikrkftlzkr kntlvlmkmossumoaìxlth, oqulph mo voftks, mo ghrjk nhhrmlfkmk, pkrk kujoftkr ak ogontlvlmkm mo kjbks.

Subalnlmkm

>

Woftks

GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

Ogontlvlmkm

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

;.>. OAOJOF]H^ MO SRHJHNLÞF MO WOF]K^ Ak ljkiof  ljkiof  os oa nhfeufth mo nroofnlks, lmoks o ljproslhfos quo ufk porshfk tlofo shbro uf hbeoth. Of osto nksh moa prhmunth y mo ak ojprosk, phr osh so mobo sor nh`orofto of oa ush mo ahs oaojofths quo `krëf pkrto mo ak ljkiof nhrphrktlvk. of ak ljkiof nhrphrktlvk so ahirk mosmo oa jlsjh prhnosh Ak mo nh`orofnlk nroknlþf, ktofmlofmh thmhs ahs motkaaos mo ghrjk, nhahr, nhahr, tkjkûh y uflmkm mo ljkiof of ahs mlgoroftos shphrtos nhjh osnrlbkfêk, tkreotks mo prosoftknlþf, ghaaoths, pakftlaaks wob, nhjornlkaos y uflghrjos, oftro htrhs.

Jktorlka mo lmoftlglnknlþf mo ak ljkiof nhrphrktlvk5 Skpoaorêk Ahihtlphs Jojbrotos Ojbaojks Skrk oa ovofth Alstk mo pkrtlnlpkftos Osnkrkpoaks Nkrtoaos Nkrfìs Kuths, oftro htrhs Jktorlka pkrk pubalnlmkm mlrontk

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GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

Skrk oa prhmunth Ghaaoths Nktëahihs Alstks Jkfukaos h altorkturk Wlmohs mojhstrktlvhs

Skrk ak guorzk mo voftks Shrtkghalhs pkrk ahs vofmomhros Sakf iuêk mo jornkmoh pkrk ahs vofmomhros Subalnknlhfos lftorfks (mo ahs prhmunths)

Of ioforka pkrk ak guorzk mo voftks5 Sakf mo prosoftknlþf (mo prhmunths h sorvlnlhs). Keusto mo ostks prosoftknlhfos, soiõf fonoslmkmos y nhfvoflofnlks mo ahs vofmomhros. Subalnlmkm keustkmk k aks fonoslmkmos moa oqulph.  

Jktorlka mo prhjhnlþf pkrk oa oftrofkjlofth mo su jkfoeh phr oa oqulph mo voftks.

;.= JOUNAK SRHJHNLHFKA Ostkbaonor ufk joznak prhjhnlhfka ogontlvk fh os fkmk gënla, so roquloro thjkrso su tlojph pkrk kfkalzkr ahs ksponths phsltlvhs y aks aljltknlhfos mo nkmk oaojofth prhjhnlhfka quo kyumkrë k kujoftkr ak pkrtlnlpknlþf moa prhmunth h sorvlnlh of oa jornkmh h, lfnrojoftkr oa vhaujof mo voftks mo ak jkrnk.

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GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

Oa kfëalsls mobo mkr nhjh rosuatkmh ufk alstk mo ofufnlkmhs shbro ak jkfork nhjh so kprhvon`krë nkmk ufh mo ahs nhjphfoftos mo ak joznak, nhf oa flvoa mo motkaao quo ah kjorlto nkmk ufh. Aks jotks mo ak joznak prhjhnlhfka shf5 Jotks K nhrth Sakzh5

K akrih Sakzh

Srhpþslth

Hbeotlvh

Srhbkr oa nhjphrtkjlofth moa prhmunth Ostljuakr ak ronhjprk Lfnrojoftkr su nhfsujh Nhjbktlr ak prhjhnlþf mo ak nhjpotofnlk  Kphykr ak pubalnlmkm Srhphfor ostrktoilks porlþmlnks Oxkjlfkr oa tlph mo pubalnlmkm Moskrrhaakr ostrktoilks k nhfsujlmhros ^oaonnlhfkr tlph mo prhjhnlþf Ak gronuofnlk mo prhjhnlþf

Nrokr aokatkm mo jkrnk Motofor ak tofmofnlk k ak bkek of aks voftks  Kujoftkr ak knoptknlþf moa prhmunth Shslnlhfkjlofth Nkalmkm Srhjhnlhfos oglnloftos y oglnknos

ak

;.? @ORRKJLOF]K^ SRHJHNLHFKAO^ Aks `orrkjloftks prhjhnlhfkaos mlrlilmks k usukrlhs mo ak ojprosk shf bëslnkjofto ostrktoilks hrloftkmks k ahs nhjprkmhros (mlstrlbulmhrosjkyhrlstks h motkaalstks) moa prhmunth quo ah kmqulorof pkrk rovofmorah y ioforkr ufk utlalmkm prhplk y roqulorof mo uf kphyh oglnkz pkrk ahirkrah nhf ìxlth. Ak lmok os nhjblfkr mhs h jës `orrkjloftks prhjhnlhfkaos of ufk jlsjk prhpuostk, mopofmlofmh moa hbeotlvh quo so prhphfik ak ojprosk. Oxlsto uf slffõjorh mo nhjblfknlhfos quo puomof moglflr ak a k `orrkjloftk mo knuormh k su nkrkntorêstlnk prlfnlpka y ka usukrlh quo mosok aaoikr. aaoikr. Kajknofkr, ox`lblr y vofmor oa prhmunth os ufk tkrok quo roquloro moa ostêjuah porjkfofto oftro ahs motkaalstks, sl qulorof prhmunths mo kath jkriof y rhtknlþf rëplmk, nhf oa nhfvofnljlofth mo quo oa gkbrlnkfto `krë

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GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

suglnlofto pubalnlmkm y prhjhnlþf `knlk oa nhfsujlmhr glfka pkrk kphykrah. _fh mo ahs prlfnlpkaos prhbaojks quo puomo ofnhftrkr oa motkaalstk os ak mlstrlbunlþf mo sus prhmunths, phrquo sl fh so `kno mo jkfork nh`orofto puomo aaoikr k rostkr ogontlvlmkm y oglnknlk k ak prhjhnlþf y k ak pubalnlmkm quo so moskrrhaak `knlk oa nhfsujlmhr glfka. Nhjh oeojpah mo ostk sltuknlþf, phmojhs nltkr oa nksh mo ufk ojprosk mo toaoghfêk noauakr, ‑HAK‚ nhf ufk sltuknlþf mo mlstrlbunlþf nrunlka of ak `lsthrlk mo HAK of Nhahjblk, quo rokalzþ ufk nkjpkûk kiroslvk mo akfzkjlofth mo su jkrnk, nhf prhjhnlhfos osponlkaos pkrk ahs prljorhs usukrlhs quo so susnrlblorkf k ahs pakfos pa kfos mo su nhjpkûêk. ^l so ronuormk, guo thmh uf grknksh phrquo ahs oqulphs y aks romos fh oftrkrhf ka tlojph nhf ak nkjpkûk pubalnltkrlk (quo sl guo oxlthsk) y ahs naloftos fh tuvlorhf ak rospuostk quo ak ojprosk kfufnlkbk.

Shr osh ahs hbeotlvhs mo ufk ostrktoilk prhjhnlhfka, mlrlilmk k ahs usukrlhs (mlstrlbulmhros jkyhrlstks y motkaalstks) mo ak ojprosk, mobo ostkr ofghnkmk bëslnkjofto k ljpaojoftkr sus pakfos mo jorn`kfmlslfi nhf fuovhs pufths mo voftk pkrk ahs prhmunths, lfvoftkrlhs nkmk voz jës futrlmhs nhf oa kphyh mo ahs mlstrlbulmhros of ak ox`lblnlþf y prhjhnlþf pkrk ahs nhfsujlmhros glfkaos, irknlks ka trkbkeh nhakbhrktlvh nhf ahs mlstrlbulmhros y ak pubalnlmkm ioforkmk mo nhjõf knuormh pkrk oa porlhmh prhjhnlhfka.

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GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

Os ljphrtkfto nhfhnor aks phaêtlnks mo ak ojprosk shbro nrìmlth y mosnuofths hthrikmhs k sus usukrlhs y mo mosnuofths osponlkaos pkrk ostljuakr aks voftks, kftos mo moglflr nukaqulor ostrktoilk prhjhnlhfka y so ronhjlofmk rovlskr aks oxporlofnlks kftorlhros shbro oa ogonth mo aks jlsjks. Aks `orrkjloftks prhjhnlhfkaos quo so puomof utlalzkr nhf ahs mlstrlbulmhros pkrk ahirkr su lftorìs shf5   Bhflglnknlhfos of jornkfnêk   Hgortks mo nuoftk y ronuofth   Srojlhs mo ronhjprk Nrìmlths osponlkaos   Jktorlka mo pufth mo voftk Subalnlmkm nhhporktlvk   Srojlhs o lfnoftlvhs   Jëriofos ktrkntlvhs   Mosnuofths kmlnlhfkaos ka jkriof Srhjhnlþf k mlstrlbulmhros Bhflglnknlþf of jornkfnêk Nhfslsto of mkrao ka jkyhrlstk jës jornkfnêk mo ak quo pkik, phr oeojpah mhnofks mo trono uflmkmos. ^lf ojbkrih, os ronhjofmkbao rokalzkr uf kfëalsls mo ahs mosnuofths, nhjpkrkfmh ahs mosnuofths fhrjkaos, nhftrk ak bhflglnknlþf of ak jornkfnêk.

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GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

^o thjk oa vkahr bruth mo voftks - jofhs oa mosnuofth y oa nhsth moa gkbrlnkfto, ah quo motorjlfk oa jkriof bruth y oa % shbro oa vkahr bruth Skrk motorjlfkr ak ostrktoilk quo so mobo moskrrhaakr nhf ahs jkyhrlstks, so `kno oa kfëalsls mosmo oa pufth mo vlstk mo osto5 Skrtlofmh moa pronlh mo voftk ka põbalnh, oa pronlh mo nhjprk, oa nhsth moa lfvoftkrlh (nkpltka lfvortlmh) y so motorjlfk ak phslbao utlalmkm moa jkyhrlstk, kmojës, nkanuakjhs oa rothrfh shbro ak lfvorslþf. Ak gþrjuak moa êfmlno mo rothrfh shbro ak lfvorslþf os5 RHL :

(_tlalmkm fotk h Ikfkfnlk / Lfvorslþf) x ;33 Shr oeojpah, sl oa thtka moa nkpltka lfvortlmh $ =3.333 y aks utlalmkmos fotks hbtoflmks of oa porlhmhguo momo ak prhjhnlþf guorhf mo $;3.333, kpalnkfmh ak gþrjuak moa RHL5 RHL :

(;3333 / =3333) x ;33 Fhs mkrêk uf RHL mo 2?%, nhf ah quo phmojhs kglrjkr quo ak lfvorslþf tuvh ufk roftkblalmkm moa 2?%.

Hgortks mo nuoftk y ronuofth @kno rogorofnlk ka ronhfhnljlofth of ogontlvh quo so ao mk ka jkyhrlstk phr nkmk nkftlmkm mo prhmunth vofmlmh mo su bhmoik murkfto uf motorjlfkmh porlhmh. Osto tlph mo prhjhnlþf ostljuak oa mospakzkjlofth moa lfvoftkrlh phr nkmk nkek mo jornkfnêk vofmlmk k trkvìs mo ahs ljpuaskmhros, phr osh ah aþilnh os quo oa lfnoftlvh ah ronlbkf ahs vofmomhros y fh oa prhplotkrlh qulof yk tlofo ksoiurkmk su utlalmkm mo ak voftk, mosmo oa jlsjh jhjofth quo kmqulrlþ ak jornkfnêk.

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GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

 

Osto tlph mo hgortk kyumk k alborkr oa nkfka mo mlstrlbunlþf, nukfmh rotrlbuyo ka motkaalstk, phr aks mlgorofnlks oftro oa lfvoftkrlh lflnlka y oa glfka of su sthnd, phr osh aks prhjhnlhfos rokalzkmks nhjh uf kphyh osponêglnh ka prhmunth, roslmof of lfnoftlvhs mo roikahs hgronlmhs ka motkaalstk phr nhjprkr, ox`lblr h kfufnlkr oa prhmunth of su pufth mo voftk. _fk mo aks voftkeks os ak rëplmk ljpakftknlþf mo ak jornkfnêk of oa pufth mo voftk, phrquo ahs prhmunths so ofnuoftrkf of ak bhmoik moa motkaalstk. Srojlhs mo ronhjprk

Ostk ostrktoilk os uf ostêjuah pkrk quo oa motkaalstk skquo oa prhmunth

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Oa nhsth moa mosnuofth puomo mkrso phr oa fõjorh mo ofvksos vofmlmhs quo oa motkaalstk ostì mlspuosth k trksakmkr ka pufth mo voftk y kphykr nhf jktorlka SHS, kfufnlhs h ox`lblnlhfos motkaakmks mo ak

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mo ak bhmoik ka pufth mo voftk. mo Ak ronhjprk ostljuak ak rophslnlþf ak jornkfnêk vofmlmk, phrquo oftro jës oxlstofnlks tofik oa motkaalstk, jës so osghrzkrk of vofmoraks.

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prhjhnlþf.

Nhjh roiak ioforka, mobo moekrso oxpaênlth of thmk prhjhnlþf, oa phrnoftkeo mo jhvljlofth of nksh mo aks hgortks mo nuoftk y ronuofth shbro oa projlh of ak ronhjprk, mo ahs roikahs k oftroikr k ahs usukrlhs (motkaalstks), glekfmh ak gon`k mo vliofnlk mo ak prhjhnlþf, aks voftks ostljkmks quo ioforkf ostks y oa nhsth of nkmk ufk.

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GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

Nrìmlths osponlkaos Os nukfmh ak ojprosk monlmo kujoftkr oa nrìmlth hthrikmh k ahs jkyhrlstks nhjh ufk jkfork mo lfnoftlvkrahs. Osto kujofth puomo sor jës ktrkntlvh quo ahs jlsjhs mosnuofths, bhflglnknlhfos y htrhs lfnoftlvhs. Liukajofto tkjblìf mobo glekrso ak gon`k mo vliofnlk, aks voftks ostljkmks quo ioforkf ostks y oa nhsth.

Jktorlka mo pufth mo voftk

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Ostk ostrktoilk prhjhnlhfka hgrono ka bofoglnlkrlh (jkyhrlstk, motkaalstk) mo ak ojprosk ak hphrtuflmkm mo hbtofor ufk rotrlbunlþf (puomo sor onhfþjlnk, of ghrjk mo pkih of mlforh) h uf mosnuofth osponlka, sl ox`lbo oa prhmunth of oa pufth mo voftk h ah prhjhnlhfk nhf kfufnlhs y pubalnlmkm roaktlvk k ak prhjhnlþf.

Liuka puomo foihnlkrso phr uf fõjorh motorjlfkmh mo prhmunths, phr ak nkftlmkm thtka nhjprkmk of uf porlhmh motorjlfkmh h phr ak rhtknlþf moa lfvoftkrlh moa bofoglnlkrlh. Ak ostrktoilk nhftojpak ak nhhporknlþf y oa kphyh pkrk oa motkaalstk, sl so nhfslmork uf mosnuofth phr osto tlph mo prhjhnlþf. ^u voftkek os quo romuno fhtkbaojofto ahs lfvoftkrlhs y su nhsth mopofmo moa mosnuofth phr uflmkm moa prhmunth hgronlmh y ak nkftlmkm quo oa mlstrlbulmhr ostì mlspuosth k nhjprkr pkrk kphykr nhf ak ox`lblnlþf pubalnltkrlk.

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GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

   

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

Subalnlmkm nhhporktlvk WOF]K MO RHSK SHR JK\HR ^hjhs gkbrlnkftos mo aks joehros profmks mo vostlr nhf ahs joehros pronlhs y ahs joehros mosnuofths, voftks ka phr jkyhr y motka, ikrkftlzkjhs nkalmkm y oa joehr pronlh.

Ahs joehros pronlhs mosnuofths phr nkftlmkm ^hjhs ufk jkrnk k flvoa fknlhfka y tofojhs tlofmks karromomhr moa pkês.

OFWÊH^ SHR OFNHJLOFMK K ]HMH OA SKÊ^ SKÊ^ www.rhpkphrjkyhr.nhj.nh

Osto tlph mo ostrktoilk prhjhnlhfka so trkbkek oftro prhmunthr y mlstrlbulmhr, jkfoekfmh ahs lfnoftlvhs ka motkaalstk, puos osths shf oa pufth ghnka mo ak prhjhnlþf y shf ahs mlrontkjofto rosphfskbaos mo jkftofor krroiakrquo ak muro ox`lblnlþf moa prhmunth ofioforka oa pufth mo tlph voftk, murkfto oa yporlhmh ak prhjhnlþf. Shr ah osto mo ostrktoilk lfnauyo uf hbeoth prlfnlpka y ufh h jës hbeoths sonufmkrlhs moftrh mo ahs oaojofths mo ox`lblnlþf4 htrh hbeotlvh ljphrtkfto quo so glek ak ojprosk, os hgronor ka motkaalstk uf lfnoftlvh sustkfnlka pkrk nhfvofnorah mo oxphfor oa prhmunth y uskr oa jktorlka mo ox`lblnlþf soiõf ah lfmlnkmh of ak nkjpkûk prhjhnlhfka, puos ao gknlaltkf thmhs ahs oaojofths mlsoûkmhs pkrk vostlr oa pufth mo voftk y kyumkr k ak skalmk moa prhmunth. Srojlhs o lfnoftlvhs  lfnoftlvhs 

     %     3    %     ?   3    ?

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Ak ostrktoilk mo prhjhnlþf k nhfsujlmhros ostë moglflmk nhjh oa lfnoftlvh nhfnroth y k nhrth pakzh pkrk ostljuakr ak nhjprk moa prhmunth, os monlr, knornkr oa prhmunth ka nhfsujlmhr phtofnlka h ka usukrlh glfka, jomlkfto ak lfghrjknlþf y ak porsukslþf mlrontk. Nhjh vljhs of ak gkso kftorlhr, kftorlhr, so propkrk oa pakf prhjhnlhfka mlrlilmhs k bofoglnlkrlhs (mlstrlbulmhros, jkyhrlstks) mo ak ojprosk, y so moskrrhaak k trkvìs mo ahs roprosoftkftos mo voftks, jloftrks quo of ostk gkso so

GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

moskrrhaak ak prhjhnlþf os k nhfsujlmhros h usukrlhs phtofnlkaos, k trkvìs moa porshfka mo voftks - prhjhthros o ljpuaskmhros, of oa jlsjh pufth mo voftk. Jëriofos ktrkntlvhs  Kprhvon`k osto osto jos pkrk `knor `knor tus nhjprks

N@O[_O  ; 3 % ROIKAH

 h  o f t  u  n  s  M o

akswokr  Ahs usukrlhs (mlstrlbulmhros, jkyhrlstks y motkaalstks) mo ak ojprosk nhjprkf oa prhmunth y vofmo oa prhmunth phr ak utlalmkm quo osporkf hbtofor mo ìa. Os monlr su ikfkfnlk ostë mkmk phr ak mlgorofnlk oftro oa vkahr of quo ah nhjprk ka gkbrlnkfto y oa pronlh of quo ah vofmo, sl osto jkriof os ktrkntlvh oa usukrlhs h nhfsujlmhr jkfoekrk oa prhmunth, pkrk osth so moglfof mhs tlphs mo jëriofos5 ahs fhrjkraos y ahs osponlkaos. Skrk ahs jëriofos fhrjkaos so motorjlfk ak ostrunturk mo pronlhs nhf bkso of ak lfghrjknlþf porjkfofto moa ërok mo jornkmhs4 kftos mo thjkrso ak monlslþf ljphrtkfto, knakrkr quo ahs jëriofos fhrjkaos fh so nhfslmorkf nhsths mo mlstrlbunlþf, yk quo shah kgontkf voftks brutks h fotks of oa ostkmh mo pìrmlmks y ikfkfnlks. Mosnuofths kmlnlhfkaos ka jkriof fhrjka Ahs mosnuofths kmlnlhfkaos so puomof mkr phr htrhs gknthros mlgoroftos ka jkriof fhrjka quo mkf aks ojprosks nhjh oa osguorzh mo voftks oa prhfth pkih, h phr vhaujof mo nhjprks, oftro htrks. Ak voftkek quo hgrono oso tlph mo mosnuofth os quo so puomo mosnhftlfukr slf prhbaojk phrquo rosphfmo shah k ufk ostrktoilk mo hphrtuflmkm y fh k aks phaêtlnks nhjornlkaos mo ak ojprosk

;>

GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

Srhjhnlþf k nhfsujlmhros Aks prhjhnlhfos jës nhjufos quo utlalzkf aks ojprosks nhf ahs nhfsujlmhros shf ahs roikahs nhf nhjprk, tkjkûhs osponlkaos, pronlhs mo mosnuofth osponlka, juostrks irktls, nuphfos, prhbkmhros, ghaaoths, nhfnurshs, aks hgortks prhjhnlhfkaos nhfeuftks mo jkrnks. K nhftlfuknlþf so roaknlhfkf rlgks aks hostrktoilks jës utlalzkmks phr ahs gkbrlnkftos5          

]kjkûhs osponlkaos Sronlhs Srhjhnlhfos nhfeuftks Srojlhs Roikahs Ofvksos routlalzkbaos Rolftoirh Juostrks

   Nuphfos Rlgks h shrtohs ]kjkûhs osponlkaos ^hf prhjhnlhfos ronêprhnks mo ofvksos nhf jës nkftlmkm mo prhmunth phr oa jlsjh pronlh. Skrk ikrkftlzkr quo ahs tìrjlfhs mo ak prhjhnlþf so nhjuflquof rëplmkjofto, osths so mobof roilstrkr nhf motkaao of oa ofvkso y oa otlquotkmh. Hgronor ka nhfsujlmhr glfka uf vkahr lfjomlkth, mk ak ljproslþf mo uf jkyhr bofoglnlh rospkamkmh of oa tkjkûh, mo jkfork quo nhftrkrrostk ak nhjpotofnlk mo jkfork rëplmk phr `knorso mlgênla oeornorak nhf rkplmoz, ahs jkyhros prhbaojks so prosoftkf of oa prhnosh mo prhmunnlþf phr sor uf tlph osponêglnh.

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GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

 

Sronlhs

>  3     % %     ; 3  3%  %      2  3

  %   ?  3

;?%

Ak ostrktoilk prhjhnlhfka nhf pronlhs rkmlnk of ufk ak romunnlþf moa nhsth ka nhfsujlmhr, nuka mobo ostkr ljprosk of oa ofvkso, lfghrjkfmh shbro oa pronlh osponlka y oa pronlh roiuakr. Ak nukftêk moa mosnuofth mopofmo moa pronlh moa prhmunth.

Kpkroftojofto pkrk oa nhfsujlmhr osth nhfstltuyo uf vkahr lfjomlkth y suglnlofto nhjh voftkeks mo uf pronlh nhjpotltlvh, slf jhmlglnkr ak ljkiof moa prhmunth nhf oa pronlh ka nhfsujlmhr. ^o nhfslmork quo osto tlph mo ostrktoilk mobo sor phnh gronuofto, phr oa ogonth foiktlvh quo puomo prhmunlr shbro ak ljkiof moa prhmunth. Srhjhnlhfos nhfeuftks

trêh + ]oaojlk  toaoghfêk + Mliltka + ]oaovl oaovlslþf slþf + KM^A + aakjkmks

Os ufk ostrktoilk uskmk nhf gronuofnlk phr ah quo so nhfslmork ufk buofk hgortk pkrk ofikfn`kr ka nalofto nhf ufk voftkek nhjpotltlvk. Nhfstk mo mhs h jës prhmunths lfmlvlmukaos y eufths so prhjhnlhfkf bkeh uf tojk nhjõf. Aks prhjhnlhfos nhfeuftks nhftlofof bëslnkjofto tros oaojofths

k) Hgortk bëslnk5 Nkmk bëslnk5 Nkmk prhmunth ostkrë hrloftkmh of prhjhnlþf `knlk oa nhfsujlmhr nhf vkahr y softlmh lfmopofmlofto moa kphyh kmlnlhfka quo ronlbk moa rosth moa iruph. b) Jktorlka mo ox`lblnlþf5 ^o ox`lblnlþf5 ^o nrok uf oaojofth mo ox`lblnlþf nhf bkso of oa tojk ioforka moa iruph. n) Oa kfufnlh prhjhnlhfka5  prhjhnlhfka5  Mobo ostkr mlsoûkmh k pkrtlr mo ak lftoirknlþf mo ahs prhmunths, nhf ufk prhpuostk mof nhjornlka y nkmk ufh

;?

GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

mobo nhftrlbulr of ahs osguorzhs pubalnltkrlhs murkfto ak vliofnlk mo ak prhjhnlþf. _fk prhjhnlþf nhfeuftk nrok y ahirk uf vhaujof jkyhr ka gkvhronor ak nhjprk nruzkmk mo ahs prhmunths phr pkrto mo ahs nhfsujlmhros, oa jkyhr vhaujof oa phslbao oa nhfsujlmhr suoaof shf sor kphykmhsmo mo voftks jkforky suporlhr phrbofoglnlh osto. Akpkrk nhftrlbunlþf mo ahs nhsths pkrtlmhs phr thmhs ahs prhmunths, ah quo `kno phslbao phslba o uf jofhr vkahr of ak prhmunnlþf nhjornlka. Ak lmok os kprhvon`kr oa phslnlhfkjlofth mo prhmunths guortos pkrk ktrkor ak ktofnlþf moa usukrlh. Srojlhs Ak prhjhnlþf nhf projlhs so rogloro k uf krtênuah h jornkfnêk hgronlmk nhjh ronhjpofsk phr ak rokalzknlþf mo ufk knnlþf osths tlofof ogonth ak jomlmkosponêglnk, quo so mof k nhfhnor, phr ahof quo urio ufk nkjpkûk mo nhjuflnknlþf of ahs mlgoroftos jomlhs4 osto lfnoftlvh kyumk k kankfzkr ahs hbeotlvhs mo ak prhjhnlþf. Ahs prhbaojks prhjhnlhfkaos prosoftkmhs, puomof sor shaunlhfkmhs phr osto tlph mo prhjhnlþf nhjh voftkek nhf ahs htrhs, Shr oeojpah5 Kujoftk gronuofnlk mo nhjprk Srhjuovo mo jkrnk Nhjpofsk ak ak aokatkm nhjpotofnlk of ahs pronlhs Kujoftk ak rhtknlþf moa lfvoftkrlh Nhfsliuo ospknlhs mo ox`lblnlþf Omunk ka nhfsujlmhr Kaliork ak rospuostk mo nhjprk mo ahs nhfsujlmhros of ak roaknlþf nhf ak pubalnlmkm, phr oa lftorìs quo mosplortk ostk. Fh os knhfsoekbao utlalzkr ostk prhjhnlþf pkrk oa akfzkjlofth mo fuovhs prhmunths, yk quo puomo pormor ljkiof kfto ahs usukrlhs phtofnlkaos. Of nkjblh ostk ostrktoilk puomo tofor uf irkf ogonth of oa roakfzkjlofth mo ahs prhmunths vloehs ka jornkmh.

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GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

Roikahs Osto tlph mo prhjhnlþf mopofmo moa nhsth moa jktorlka mo ox`lblnlþf y moa roikah hgronlmh yk quo roprosoftk uf nhsth jës oaovkmh. Liuka puomo vkrlkr kjpalkjofto mo ak mlrontkjofto nakso mo roikah hgronlmh y moa vhaujof mo voftks, of yk gufnlþf quo lfnlmof of oa fõjorh mo nhfsujlmhros quo so bofoglnlof mo ak hgortk. Liuka vkrêk tkjblìf of gufnlþf moa posh moa roikah y moa fõjorh mo uflmkmos oxpomlmks, puosth quo, ioforkajofto ahs roikahs so ioforkajofto ahs roikahs so ojpknkf of nkeks mo ox`lblnlþf eufth nhf oa prhmunth, pkrk ksoiurkr quo oa flvoa mo oxphslnlþf sok prlvlaoilkmh of oa pufth mo voftk y ksê puomo ikrkftlzkr quo so mof ahs sliuloftos hbeotlvhs5 Lfnrojoftkr gronuofnlk mo nhjprk Jkftofor aokatkm mo jkrnk Foutrkalzkr ak nhjpotofnlk mo pronlhs Kujoftkr oxlstofnlks moftrh mo ahs pufths mo voftk Kntlvkr ak rhtknlþf mo lfvoftkrlhs Nrokr fuovhs ushs moa prhmunth Ahirkr nhjprks phr ljpuash of oa pufth mo voftk Jhtlvkr ka oqulph mo voftks Oa roikah mobo sor kprhplkmh nhf ak ljkiof moa prhmunth pkrk nhahnkrah moftrh moa jlsjh ojpkquo, phr ah quo so s o mobo tofor prosofto oa tkjkûh mo ak nkek h ofvkso y su ghrjk gêslnk pkrk ak nhahnknlþf of oa pufth mo voftk y jës kõf, aks phslblalmkmos mo kprhvon`kjlofth phr pkrto moa oqulph mo voftks. Ofvksos routlalzkbaos Nhfslsto of ofvkskr oa prhmunth of su ronlplofto `kbltuka porh `knlofmh ak nakrlmkm quo so puomo ojpaokr pkrk htrhs glfos, phr oeojpah ahs ofvksos mo aks jkrikrlfks quo puomof sor routlalzkmhs routlalz kmhs nhjh vksleks pkrk iukrmkr kaljofths of ak fovork. Ostk prhjhnlþf roiuakrjofto so vofmo ka pronlh fhrjka moa prhmunth, kprhvon`kfmh quo oa nhsth roiuakr moa ofvkso fhrjka, puomo lfvortlrso of joehrkr ak nkalmkm moa ofvkso routlalzkbao. Osth y ak sujk phr ofvkso `kbltukajofto ikstkmh of ak prhjhnlþf puomof sor suglnloftos pkrk quo oa prhmunth hgroznk uf ktrkntlvh jkyhr slf kujoftkr oa nhsth ka nhjprkmhr.

;9

GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

Osto ofvkso kmonukmh nhf ak gufnlþf moa prhmunth puomo prhvhnkr voftkeks k akrih pakzh, ka kujoftkr oa nhfsujh moa prhmunth of ahs `hikros. Kftos mo thjkr ufk monlslþf rosponth k osto tlph mo prhjhnlhfos os fonoskrlh rokalzkr ufk lfvostliknlþf ox`kustlvk y aks rospontlvks pruobks mo jornkmh, pkrk ikrkftlzkr oa ìxlth mo ak lfvorslþf.

Rolftoirh

@kzak aoika RONAKJK ]_ NHJSRHBKF]O ^hrtoh osnhakr Nhjprhbkftos mo pkih Nhfslsto of hgronor ka nhjprkmhr ak phslblalmkm mo ronlblr roojbhash moa ogontlvh k nkjblh mo uf fõjorh motorjlfkmh mo nhjprhbkftos mo nhjprk. Os utlalzkmk ioforkajofto pkrk ahirkr quo oa nhjprkmhr aaovo ufk jkrnk motorjlfkmk moa prhmunth ropotlmkjofto. Osto tlph mo prhjhnlþf so rokalzk nhf kfufnlhs osponlkaos quo nhjuflnkf ak hgortk y oa tlojph motorjlfkmh pkrk ak jlsjk, ksê ljpuask oa vkahr mo rolftoirh ka fõjorh mo nhjprhbkftos oxlilmhs, prhjhvlofmh uf jkyhr nhfsujh moa prhmunth mo ak jkrnk hbeoth mo ak prhjhnlþf. Skrk su prhjhnlþf so utlalzkf kfufnlhs of porlþmlnhs nhf oa glf mo lfghrjkr oa akfzkjlofth moa ovofth, sus nhfmlnlhfos y ktrkntlvhs, quo ikrkftlnof ak nhjprk ropotltlvk moa prhmunth.

;0

GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

Juostrks

^HALNL]K J_O^]RK^ IRK]L^ Mo aon`o mo nhftlfuknlþf mo nronljlofth

Os ak tëntlnk jës utlalzkmk nukfmh so qulorof nhfsoiulr fuovhs nhfsujlmhros h usukrlhs, puosth quo slrvo tkfth of oa akfzkjlofth mo uf prhmunth fuovh, nhjh of ak joehrk mo ufh yk oxlstofto of oa jornkmh, h nhjh pkrk lfnurslhfkr of fuovhs jornkmhs. Ak juostrk os jës ogontlvk quo htrks tìnflnks yk quo aks nkrkntorêstlnks h bofoglnlhs moa prhmunth, puomof sor prosoftkmks of su thtkalmkm. Ah quo mlgênlajofto hnurro nhf ak pubalnlmkm. Ioforkajofto so mlstrlbuyof of ahs ghrjkths nhjornlkaos (@lporjornkmhs) noftrhs nhjornlkaos, puortk k puortk h, k trkvìs mo jomlhs ljproshs nhjh rovlstks h profsk (of ghrjk mo skn`ot), lfnaush knhjpkûkfmh htrhs prhmunths. Ahs nhsths mlstrlbunlþf mopofmof nhfslmorkbaojofto tkjkûh mo juostrk,k mo su mlstrlbunlþf, moa nhsth mo prhmunnlþf y mo moa ak nkftlmkm mo ak juostrks prhmunlr prhmunlr. . Os juy ogontlvk nukfmh oa prhmunth os fuovh h nukfmh os moa gkvhrltlsjh mo ahs nhfsujlmhros, yk quo so ksoiurk quo oa prhmunth sok prhbkmh phr uf irkf fõjorh mo porshfks prhjhvlofmh ak ronhjprk. Htrk voftkek sliflglnktlvk mo ak juostrk os quo ljpuask ka nhfsujlmhr k thjkr ak monlslþf mo nhjprk of aoehs mo ak lfgauofnlk mo ak nhjpotofnlk. Oa phmor mo ak oftroik mo juostrks os ronhfhnlmh phr ahs motkaalstks y rovoak su lftorìs pkrk ogontukr nhjprks irkfmos, of provlslþf mo ufk phslbao osnksos mo jornkfnêks.

;<

GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

Nuphfos

Srhjhnlþf

2x;of nkgìs Os ufk mo aks `orrkjloftks jës ogontlvks mo aks prhjhnlhfos, yk quo ak mlstrlbunlþf mo ahs vhakftos mo mosnuofth shf kpotonlmhs phr ahs nhjprkmhros quo knhstujbrkf k nkfeokrahs of ahs pufths mo voftk, pkrk hbtofor uf k`hrrh of ak nhjprk4 yk sok uf sliflglnktlvh phrnoftkeo mo mosnuofth h oa gkjhsh 2x;. 2 x;. ]kjblìf ]kjblìf so puomof utlalzkr utlalzk r of ak lftrhmunnlþf mo uf fuovh prhmunth ka jornkmh, ktrkor ak ktofnlþf mo fuovhs jornkmhs, h of oa nkjblh mo vorslhfos moa jlsjh (fuovhs skbhros, nhahros, grkikfnlks h sorvlnlhs), y phr ogonths mo m o ak pubalnlmkm kntlvkr ak nhjprk. Ahs nuphfos so ropkrtof tkfth k ahs naloftos kntukaos, nhjh k ahs nhfsujlmhros phtofnlkaos, moglflmhs nhjh iruph hbeotlvh, mo knuormh k ak soijoftknlþf moa jornkmh jotk moa prhmunth h sorvlnlh. Kufquo jun`ks ojprosks nhrroh (knhjpkûkmh gknturks mo mo ak sorvlnlhs põbalnhs h utlalzkf of ofvlþoamo iruphjkslvh mo nuphfos mo vkrlhsmo prhmunths j lsjk jlsjk jkrnk) pkrk su mlstrlbunlþf, so ronhjlofmk `knor oftroiks mlrontkjofto of ahs pufths mo voftk h pufths mo kath trëglnh, nhjh noftrhs nhjornlkaos h `lporjornkmhs, nhf oa prhpþslth mo prhvhnkr roknnlþf lfjomlktk mo ahs nhjprkmhros. Os oa jomlh jës oglnkz pkrk motontkr oa moskrrhaah (jomlkfh h bkeh) moa prhmunth, ka liuka quo so utlalzk pkrk mogofmorso mo aks jkrnks ostkbaonlmks. Os uf jìthmh soaontlvh, ogontlvh, soiurh, y rëplmh, prhplnlh pkrk sor kpalnkmh of aks irkfmos nlumkmos moa pkês. Liuka, ofvlkr nuphfos phr nhrroh ljpuask ak nhborturk mo uf kjpalh soijofth mo ak phbaknlþf, nhfnoftrkfmh osguorzh prhjhnlhfka fln`hsmomoosths jornkmh, quo ikrkftlzkf su oasoaontlvlmkm mojhirëglnk.shbro Oa ofvlþ nuphfos, prhjuovo ak monlslþf mo nhjprk moa nhfsujlmhr nhfsujlm hr of su `hikr `hikr,, ostljuakfmh k quo ofskyo prhmunths fuovhs h joehrkmhs, os mo gënla kmjlflstrknlþf yk quo so puomo tornorlzkr (nhftrktkr) nhf ufk ojprosk osponlkalzkmk. ^us Srlfnlpkaos hbeotlvhs5 Lfnrojoftkr ak nhjprk moa prhmunth. Nhfvortlr k ahs jkyhros nhjprkmhros mo pruobk of nhfsujlmhros `kbltukaos. Srhphrnlhfkr jkyhr nkftlmkm k ahs nhfsujlmhros pkrk ahikr quo nhjprof tkjkûhs jës irkfmos.

23

GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

Lfnrojoftkr oa ush oftro su naloftoak. Rosiukrmkr k ahs naloftos kntukaos mo aks kntlvlmkmos mo ak nhjpotofnlk. Shfor k pruobo uf prhmunth Htrk ghrjk mo utlalzkrahs os nhjh nuphfos lfsorths (ghrjk mo kfufnlhs) moftrh mo rovlstks h porlþmlnhs, kprhvon`kfmh oa jomlh pkrk `knor soaontlvlmkm mojhirëglnk y so puomo prhirkjkr pkrk sor pubalnkmhs of ufk gon`k osponlka (mêk mo noaobrknlþf), mobo nhftrhakrso oglnkzjofto pkrk ovltkr grkumos. Ahs nuphfos moftrh moa ofvkso hgronof ka nhjprkmhr uf nlorth mosnuofth of aks sliuloftos nhjprks mo ak jlsjk jkrnk4 oa nhsth mo mlstrlbunlþf os juy bkeh, yk quo `kstk quo oa nhjprkmhr fh so aaovo oa prhmunth fh `ky iksths. Rlgks h shrtohs

SKR]LNLSK NHF BROMK \

IKFK

; JO^ MO ^@HSSLFI

IRK]L^ Os ak hphrtuflmkm mo ikfkr kaihAhs nhfshrtohs ufk jêfljk lfvorslþf phnh mok guorzh pkrk ahs nhfsujlmhros. hgronof ojhnlþfh ynhf mlvorslþf ahs naloftos kmojës mo hbtofor projlhs. Kufquo so roquloro nlorth osguorzh phr pkrto moa nhfsujlmhr nhfsujlmhr,, os juy ronhfghrtkfto su pkrtlnlpknlþf, yk quo of hnkslhfos phfo k pruobk su tkaofth, prhphrnlhfkfmh ufk mhbao sktlsgknnlþf (oa prhmunth y su oih). Oa prlfnlpka prhbaojk quo tlofof ahs shrtohs, os quo, fh mkf pruobk mo nhjprk jkslvk4 k jofhs quo oa prhmunth sok mo uf kath nhfsujh h sok aakjktlvh4 yk quo ufk irkf nkftlmkm mo nuphfos shf knhjpkûkmhs mo gknsêjlaos quo shf nhjprhbkftos mo nhjprk, ksljlsjh ak ojprosk quo moskrrhaao osto tlph mo prhjhnlþf, mobo tofor ufk ostrunturk glfkfnlork sþalmk, quo slrvk mo shphrto ka nhfnursh.

2;

GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

Oa ìxlth h grknksh mo ak prhjhnlþf bkskmk of oa shrtoh h rlgk, mopofmo osponlkajofto mo su ostrunturk mo pronlhs, puosth quo so nhfslmork quo uf projlh irkfmo ktrko ak ktofnlþf moa nhfsujlmhr y ufk nkftlmkm mo projlhs kmlnlhfkaos aaovkrk ka nhjprkmhr k nroor quo tlofo phslblalmkm ka jofhs mo ikfkr kaih. Ahs projlhs so ostkbaonof mo knuormh ka iruph hbeotlvh moa prhmunth h ka porgla moa nhfsujlmhr nhfsujlmhr.. Ak lmok mo osto tlph mo prhjhnlþf os hgronor projlhs vormkmorkjofto ljphrtkftos, slf pormor ak nromlblalmkm shbro oa jlsjh, y ovltkr irkf nkftlmkm mo nhfsujlmhros grustrkmhs. Os ronhjofmkbao kujoftkr ak nkftlmkm mo projlhs nhf ufk porsukslvk nhjpkûk pubalnltkrlk, kphykmk of ak nromlblalmkm mo ahs oftos ostktkaos, ofnkrikmhs mo roiuakr osto tlph mo kntlvlmkmos. ;.7. SRHJHNLÞF HGGALFO - HFALFO Ahs nkjblhs jës ljphrtkftos of ahs onhfþjlnhs guorhf prhvhnkmhs prlfnlpkajofto phrjhmoahs ak Lftorfot, os tkfthmoaksêjufmh, quo k trkvìs moa jomlh mliltka ahs nhfsujlmhros ojplozkf k hbtofor lfghrjknlþf vkalhsk shbro ahs prhmunths mo su progorofnlk, porjltlìfmhaos `knor nhjpkrknlhfos y tofor su prhplh eulnlh y hplflþf porjltlìfmhso, sor jës oxliofto nhf ah quo nhjprk. Os monlr moekrë mo sor uf nhjprkmhr pkslvh, nhjoftkfmh y shalnltkfmh of ak rom ah quo os mo su progorofnlk. Ak ork mliltka so `k ofnkrikmh mo lftrhmunlr oa ush mo aks fuovks tonfhahiêks (]LN) of ahs `hikros porjltlìfmhao k nkmk jlojbrh mo ak gkjlalk sor prhkntlvhs `kstk oa pufth mo aaovkr ak Lftorfot of sus bhaslaahs, jomlkfto oa ush mlkrlh mo mlsphsltlvhs jþvlaos, nhjh ahs noauakros h aks tkbaotks. Ksê jlsjh, ak guorzk quo oeornof aks aakjkmks romos shnlkaos, nhjh ak paktkghrjk quo nkmk voz roõfo jës kumlofnlk (nlborfkutks) karomomhr mo ak nhjuflnknlþf, ioforkmk mo knuormh ka lftorìs mo nkmk soijofth otlquotkmh of ak rom k pkrtlr mo lfghrjknlþf sujlflstrkmk of ahs sltlhs Yob y oxpahtkmk pkrk oa jomlh wob nhjh ah quo so nhfhno `hy of mêk ‑jkrdotlfi vlrka‚ vl rka‚..

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GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

Os monlr ak pubalnlmkm moa bhnk - bhnk, quo ah `kno jës phpuakr, juatlpalnkfmh ahs ogonths mo ak mlvuaiknlþf rëplmkjofto of su kumlofnlk, puosth quo slojpro tofmrë jkyhr lfgauofnlk aks ronhjofmknlhfos y nhjoftkrlhs mo ufk k htrk porshfk, quo ak pubalnlmkm nhfvofnlhfka. Os nakrh quo so mobo hrloftkr thmk ak ostrktoilk `knlk oa nalofto, fh `knlk oa prhmunth h ak ojprosk. Lftorfot ostë ropaoth mo `orrkjloftks quo ao porjltof k aks ojprosks `knor ufk jkyhr mlguslþf mo sus prhmunths h sorvlnlhs of uf jofhr tlojph y jofhr nhsth, yk quo aks romos shnlkaos prhplnlkf ufk nhjuflnknlþf oxlthsk, k ak quo so ao puomo `knor soiuljlofth of tlojph roka, nhf ktofnlþf porshfkalzkmk, rëplmk y oglnkz. Ak prhjhnlþf hfalfo tlofo `orrkjloftks nhjh ak wob >.3 quo blof utlalzkmk ikrkftlzkf ak mlguslþf mo ufk nkjpkûk nhf nhsths juy phr mobkeh mo ahs jomlhs trkmlnlhfkaos. ^l ufk ojprosk quloro shbrovlvlr, tlofof quo kmjltlr oa fuovh jufmh mo ahs usukrlhs\hu]ubo, ksujlofmhh sus ghrjkspkrk mo nhjuflnknlþf nhjuflnknl þf nhjh nlborfkutks of Gknobhhd, ]wlttor, prhjhnlhfkr ojprosks, jkrnks, porshfks h ovofths hfalfo. Skrk oaah ak ojprosk tofmrë quo5      

Mlsoûkr y pakflglnkr ostrktoilks mo jornkmoh pkrk pk rk ak Lftorfot. Nrokr porglaos of Romos ^hnlkaos Mlsoûkr bahis y pëilfks wob Rokalzkr Nkjpkûks mo ^OH y ^OJ Nhftrktkr uf Nhjjuflty Jkfkior

Jloftrks quo oa ìxlth mo ak prhjhnlþf Hggalfo Hggal fo rkmlnk of ak guorzk quo tlofo tl ofo sus ovofths mo nhjuflnknlþf of mlronth, quo ao porjlto k ak ojprosk oa nhftknth nhf su naloftoak, nhjh Mo ufkliuka `orrkjloftk mo jkrdotlfinkrk pkrkk aknkrk nhjuflnknlþf ojproskrlka. jkfork oaoglnkz shphrto prljhrmlka pkrk nukaqulor tlph mo ovofth Hggalfo shf aks `orrkjloftks hfalfo phrquo os ak jkfork jës rëplmk y onhfþjlnk mo `knor ufk lfvltknlþf jkslvk ka soijofth mo naloftos quo so quloro aaoikr. Os monlr ufk os nhjpaojofth mo ak htrk.

2>

GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

2. ML^OÛH MOA SAKF SRHJHNLHFKA Mospuìs mo `kbor kfkalzkmh ak sltuknlþf kntuka moa jornkmh moa prhmunth h sorvlnlh, pkrk oa mlsoûh moa pakf prhjhnlhfka, so roquloro prljorh ostkbaonor ahs hbeotlvhs, tofor nakrh oa nþjh so hrikflzkrë ak prhjhnlþf, k qulof lrk mlrlilmk, quì so ao quloro trkfsjltlr ka põbalnh, nhjh soaonnlhfkr ak joznak, nuëfth nhfstkrë ljpaojoftkrak, quo ostrktoilks moskrrhaakr y nuëaos sorëf ahs rosuatkmhs osporkmhs nhf osto pakf prhjhnlhfka. Kufquo fh oxlsto uf jhmoah mo pakf prhjhnlhfka, osto sl mobo nhfslmorkr jêfljh ahs sliuloftos ksponths5 2.; HBEO]LWH^ ^l blof, oa prlfnlpka hbeotlvh mo uf pakf prhjhnlhfka os lfnrojoftkr aks voftks, fh os jofhs ljphrtkfto oa ìfgksls quo so ao mobo mkr k ak ljkiof moa prhmunth h sorvlnlh, jës kõf, sl ak ojprosk os fuovk y so quloro lftrhmunlr of oa jornkmh. Oa pakf prhjhnlhfka pkrk nujpalr nhf ahs hbeotlvhs mo jkrdotlfi y pubalnlmkm mobo5 Ioforkr vkahr of ahs prhmunths h sorvlnlhs pkrk quo oa nalofto vok aks voftkeks shbro ak nhjpotofnlk u htrhs prhmunths sljlakros. Jkrnkr nakrkjofto ak mlgorofnlk moa prhmunth h sorvlnlh, ksê nhjh mo ak ojprosk Shslnlhfkr (jkftofor of ak jofto moa nhfsujlmhr) oa prhmunth h sorvlnlh of oa jornkmh, k pkrtlr mo ah quo nhjuflquo ak ljkiof mo ak ojprosk. Rokalzkr nkjpkûks mo ronhrmknlþf, gronuoftojofto pkrk jkftofor y ghrtkaonor ak ljkiof k akrih pakzh. 2.2

SRHIRKJK

^o roquloro pakftokr uf prhirkjk mo kntlvlmkmos quo prosofto oa kankfno (fõjorh mo porshfks mlvorsks quo kankfzkrk ak nkjpkûk), ahs tlphs mo prhjhnlhfos k jkfoekr, ak soaonnlþf mo nkmk ufh mo ahs oaojofths k utlalzkr of ak joznak, ak moglflnlþf mo ak kumlofnlk jotk, oa mlsoûh moa nrhfhirkjk nhf nkmk ufk mo aks kntlvlmkmos k moskrrhaakr pkrk oa porlhmh prhjhnlhfka, nhf aks gon`ks knhrmkmks.

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GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

NHFNOS]H

Jkyh - Kihsth 2330

Oforh - Kbrla 233<

Jkyh - Kihsth 233<

^optlojbro Mlnlojbro 233<

Busnkr lfghrjknlþf shbro oa jornkmh jotk y kfkalzkr ahs mkths hbtoflmhs. Mlsoûkr nkjpkûks pubalnltkrlks quo mof k nhfhnor jës mo fuostrh prhmunth y mo fuostrks hgortks Rokalzkr mojhstrknlhfos mo Dhak roka of pufths ostrktìilnhs mo aks mlgoroftos nlumkmos y noftrhs nhjornlkaos Ljpaojoftkr voftks mlrontks quo porjltkf quo oa nhfsujlmhr ofnuoftro oa prhmunth of nukaqulor ostkbaonljlofth

2.> SRO^_S_O^]H

Oa prosupuosth prhjhnlhfka ostë motorjlfkmh phr oa prosupuosth mo jkrdotlfi mo ak ojprosk, nhf oa prhpþslth mo nubrlr ahs iksths moa moskrrhaah, prhmunnlþf y mlguslþf mo ak nkjpkûk prhjhnlhfka. Oa pakf Lfnauyo ahs jomlhs y ronurshs mo porshfka nhftrktkmh pkrk oa jhftkeo moa ovofth Of tohrêk, oa iksth prhjhnlhfka lmoka sorêk ak nkftlmkm quo jkxljlzk ak roftkblalmkm mo ak ojprosk. Os monlr sl so pumlorkf nhfhnor ahs flvoaos mo nhfsujh of prhjhnlþf y ahs flvoaos mo voftks so ahirkrêk nkanuakr oa iksth prhjhnlhfka. Skrk kjpalkr osto tojk hbsorvo ak prosoftknlþf ‑Gleknlþf ‑Gleknl þf moa prosupuosth prhjhnlhfka‚.

2?

GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

2.= OWKA_KNLÞF  OWKA_KNLÞF 

Nukfmh ak nkjpkûk prhjhnlhfka yk so `k akfzkmh so ronhjlofmk utlalzkr iruphs ghnh (oa ghnus irhup) nhjh tìnflnk mo ronhaonnlþf mo ak lfghrjknlþf knornkprhjhnlhfkmh mo ak hplflþf of quooatlofo ak kumlofnlk ahs usukrlhs, shbro oa prhmunth jornkmh h mo ak hpubalnlmkm quo protofmo nhjuflnkr oa prhirkjk prhjhnlhfka. Shr ah ioforka so nhftrktk k uf tornorh foutrka quo nhhrmlfo soslhfos mo iruph ghnh pkrk rouflr lfghrjknlþf mo ahs nhfsujlmhros. ]hmk ak lfghrjknlþf ronhaontkmk ostk rotrhkaljoftknlþf pkrk ovkaukr jës k ghfmh y romoglflr ahs prhirkjks mo pubalnlmkm y prhjhnlþf pkrk tu fuovh prhmunth. Skrk kjpalkr oa tojk puomo nhfsuatkr oa mhnujofth ‑Jomlnlþf y ovkauknlþf mo rosuatkmhs prhjhnlhfkaos‚. prhjhnlhfkaos‚. Ak prhjhnlþf mo voftks fh shah gkvhrono ak nhjuflnknlþf pubalnltkrlk, slfh quo nrok ufk phslnlþf mo kvkfzkmk mo ak prhmunnlþf, puosth quo ublnk oa prhmunth of oa pufth y oa jhjofth mhfmo so moglfo ak voftk.

>. SK_]K^ SKRK OAKBHRKR _F SAKF SRHJHNLHFKA Oa Sakf prhjhnlhfka soûkak aks knnlhfos quo so mobof `knor pkrk ahirkr ufk nhjuflnknlþf oglnkz nhf oa iruph hbeotlvh ka quo vk mlrlilmh, phr osh mobo sor ah jës nhfnroth, sofnlaah, motkaakmh y nhfvlfnofto. Mobo nhftojpakr nhjh jêfljh ahs sliuloftos pkshs5

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GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

Skshs pkrk oakbhrkr uf pakf prhjhnlhfka ;. Kfëalsls sltuknlhfka5 sltuknlhfka5  quo puomkf kyumkr hk sorvlnlh, nhfnrotkr su oa pakf, ak sltuknlþf kntuka  oaojofths moa jornkmh moa prhmunth nhjpotofnlk, ak jlslþf h vlslþf, ak phaêtlnk hrikflzknlhfka, ahs hbeotlvhs, aks ostrktoilks mo nhjuflnknlþf mo ak ojprosk, oa vkahr mo ak jkrnk, oa phrtkghalh mo prhmunths h sorvlnlhs, oftro htrhs, quo so nhfslmorof roaovkftos k ak `hrk mo prhphfor oa pakf. Suftukalno ah jës roaovkfto mo osk sltuknlþf. 2. Sorgla moa iruph hbeotlvh hbeotlvh55 moglflnlþf moa iruph hbeotlvh ka nuka vk mlrlilmk ak prhjhnlþf, toflofmh of nuoftk nkmk ufh mo ahs motorjlfkftos quo porjltof motkaakr su porgla, nhjh ak omkm, flvoa mo osnhakrlmkm, soxh, nhstujbro, nhstujbro, ostlah mo mo vlmk otn. otn. Moglfk oa porgla, phr oeojpah ‑Kjk mo nksk nksk oftro oftro 23 k 27 kûhs mo omkm, mo ahs ostrkths > y =, noftrhs quo iustk mo ak kjhmk, ak buofk nhnlfk o lr mo nhjprks k ahs irkfmos y ktofmor su gkjlalk a hs glfos ahs mo sojkfk. >. Moglflnlþf mo ahs hbeotlvhs5 hbeotlvhs5 ahs hbeotlvhs mobof sor jomlbaos o lfnlmlr mlrontkjofto shbro oa iruph iruph hbeotlvh pkrk ahirkr glmoalzkrahs Shr oeojpah5 Ahirkr quo oa ?% mo ahs oeonutlvh mo Bhihtë nkjblof mo sus `ëblths mo nhfsujlr nkgì phr tì tì =. ^oaonnlþf mo oaojofths mo prhjhnlþf5 Ak joznak prhjhnlhfka mobo nhjblfkr jun`hs oaojofths, pkrk kankfzkr oa iruph hbeotlvh y ahirkr uf phslnlhfkjlofth. Kaiufhs oaojofths puomof sor5 Jktorlka prhjhnlhfka (kgln`os, paoikbaos bhaotlfos), pubalnlmkm (of rkmlh, profsk, ]W), fhtlnlks (groo pross), prhjhnlþf mo voftks (mosnuofths, (mosnuofths, pkquotos, nuphfos, htrhs), ovofths (gorlks, oxphslnlhfos, nhfiroshs, stkfm), roaknlhfos põbalnks. Shr oeojpah5 Ak nkjpkûk ‑lflnlk oa mêk jës skaumkbao‚ so puomo prhjhnlhfkr nhf kgln`os of oa pufth mo voftk, oftroik mo bhaotlfos, kphykmhs nhf pubalnlmkm of rkmlh, profsk, ]W. \ nhf oftroik mo juostrks irktls of ahs pufths mo voftk   ?. Srhirkjk mo Kntlvlmkmo Kntlvlmkmos5 s5 mlsoûkr oa prhirkjk prosoftkfmh oa kankfno , ahs tlphs mo prhjhnlhfos k jkfoekr, ak soaonnlþf mo nkmk ufh mo ahs oaojofths k utlalzkr, oa oa mlsoûk mlsoûk moa nrhfhirkjk pkrk oa porlhmh prhjhnlhfka nhf aks gon`ks knhrmkmks Suftukalno nkmk kntlvlmkm mo ak ostrktoilk osnrltk.

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GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

7. Kslifknlþf mo prosupuosth5  prosupuosth5  moglflr oa nhsth iahbka quo suphfo oa pakf, lfnauyofmh ahs jomlhs y ronurshs mo porshfka nhftrktkmh pkrk oa jhftkeo moa ovofth Mlsoûo ak tkbak mo prosupuosth lfnauyofmh nkmk ufk mo aks kntlvlmkmos 9. Nhftrha y soiuljlofth5 soiuljlofth5 moglflr aks kntlvlmkmos mo soiuljlofth pkrk ksoiurkr ak ogontlvlmkm moa pakf prhjhnlhfka, nhftrhakfmh quo ak nhjuflnknlþf sok nakrk, nhfnlsk y ogontlvk mosmo oa lflnlh.  Kslifo rosphfskbaos k nkmk kntlvlmkm y moglfk ahs lfmlnkmhros5 Shr oeojpah5 fõjorh mo aakjkmks aakjkmks rokalzks, vhakftos oftroikmhs, otn. ]ofik of nuoftk quì mobo jhmlglnkr pkrk lr phr oa nkjlfh nhrronth. 0. Ovkauknlþf moa ljpknth y goombknd5 moglflr ahs lfmlnkmhros nukftltktlvhs y nukaltktlvhs pkrk jomlr ak ogontlvlmkm moa pakf, ovkaukr oa ljpknth mo aks prhjhnlhfos y rokalzkr su goombknd. Skrk ovkaukr ahs rosuatkmhs mo ak prhjhnlþf prhjhnlþf puomof rokalzkrso tkroks nhjh5   Glekr ostëfmkros quo porjltkf jomlr ak ogontlvlmkm prhjhnlhfka (nukftltktlvhs progorlbaojofto)   Nhjpkrkr oa mosojpoûh nhftrk ahs ostëfmkros   Nhftrhakr oa mosojpoûh roka mo mo ak ak prhjhnlþf, prhjhnlþf, rokalzkfmh rokalzkfmh pruobks mhfmo so mosnkrtof ahs ogonths mo htrks vkrlkbaos. •

• •

Goombknd •

•

  Srosnrlblr ak ostrktoilk prhjhnlhfka k pkrtlr mo ahs oaojofths mo ak nkmofk mo vkahr   Kntlvkr ak ostrktoilk prhjhnlhfka y pakfos tëntlnhs soiõf

  nrhfhirkjk Nhfslmorkr ostkbaonlmh. ostrktoilks mo prhjhnlþf prhjhnlþf prosupuostkmks k ahs mlgoroftos nkfkaos (nhfslmorkfmh mljofslþf mo tlojph y nhjphrtkjlofth moa jornkmh).

•

K`hrk sê puomof jomlr nuëf ogontlvk os su prhjhnlþf.  

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GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

IAH^KRLH SAKF SRHJHNLHFK SRHJHNLHFKA A NHJJ_FL]\ JKFKIOR5  JKFKIOR5  Iostlþf mo romos shnlkaos pkrk jkftofor y kujoftkr kujoftkr ak akskumlofnlk, voftks molfnrojoftkr ak ojprosk. ak prosofnlk hfalfo, vlrkalzkr nhftoflmhs y   GKN^ÊJLA5   Os ufk ljltknlþf h roprhmunnlþf oxkntk mo uf mhnujofth GKN^ÊJLA5 (ioforkajofto kftliuh y mo irkf vkahr) utlalzkmh of oa lftornkjblh nhjornlka. JKRDO]LFI WLRKA5 ]ìnflnks WLRKA5 ]ìnflnks utlalzkmks pkrk oxpahtkr ahs mlgoroftos tlphs mo shphrtos oaontrþflnhs y romos shnlkaos pkrk prhmunlr uf lfnrojofth oxphfofnlka moa ronhfhnljlofth mo jkrnk, k trkvìs mo nhjpkrtlr h ropalnkr ufk lfghrjknlþf, quo sliuo uf slstojk sljlakr ka mo uf vlrus lfghrjëtlnh. ^OJ5 Jkrdotlfi mo Bõsquomk h ^OJ (moa lfiaìs ‑^okrn` Ofilfo Jkrdotlfi‚). Os ak prhjhnlþf mo ufmosltlh wob, nhjh kgontkIhhiao. aks ëroks rosuatkmhs pktrhnlfkmhs of jhthros bõsquomk _fh momoahsahs slstojks jës uskmhs os Kmwhrms (SSN, pkih phr nalnd), mhfmo qulof jës hgortk phr uf tìrjlfh mo bõsquomk kpkrono prljorh of ak pëilfk mo rosuatkmhs. rosuatkmhs. Wor jks of   `ttp5//www.lmoksn`lnkih.nhj/soj-vs-soh-nukaos-shf-aks-mlgorofnlks/#st`ks `.YtS=bhj0.mpug  ^OH5 Ak Hptljlzknlþf pkrk Jhthros mo Bõsquomk h ^OH (moa lfiaìs ‑^okrn` ^OH5 Ak Ofilfo Hptljlzktlhf‚) nhjprofmo -oftro htrks nhsks- oa trkbkeh quo so rokalzk of uf sltlh wob pkrk quo ahs jhthros mo bõsquomk fh ofnuoftrof orrhros nukfmh ah vlsltof. Ljpkntk of oa hrmof of oa quo ahs sltlhs kpkronof of ahs rosuatkmhs hriëflnhs h fkturkaos mo ahs jhthros mo bõsquomk nhjh Ihhiao. Wor jks of5   `ttp5//www.lmoksn`lnkih.nhj/soj-vs-soh-nukaos-shf-aks-mlgorofnlks/#st`ks `.YtS=bhj0.mpug 

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GKWK - Ghrjknlþf of Kjbloftos Wlrtukaos mo Kprofmlzkeo

^OFK -

^orvlnlh Fknlhfka mo Kprofmlzkeo

 

Sakf prhjhnlhfka

BLBALHIRKGÊK SAKF SRHJHNLHFK SRHJHNLHFKA A Glsn`or A., Ospoeh E. (233=). Jornkmhtonflk. ]ornork ]ornork omlnlþf, Jn Irkw @laa. Ekfy F. (233?). Iorofnlk nhjornlka, uf ofghquo hporktlvh. Skfkjorlnkfh L^BF