piyush

A Project Report On

A Project Study on “INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT JMRC”

DECLARATION I undersigned VIVEK PACHAURY student of B.Tech 7th semester declre tht I h!e done the "ro#ect "ro#ect on $mintennce $mintennce de"rtment t %&RC' %&RC' hs (een "ersonll) done () me under the guidnce of &r. &r. *.+ shrm #i"ur in "rtil ful,llment of B.tech Progrm- during cdemic )er-/01. )er-/01. All the dt re"resented re"resented in this "ro#ect is true 2 correct correct to the (est of m) 3no4ledge 2 (elief. I lso declre tht this "ro#ect re"ort is m) o4n "re"rtion nd not co"ied from n)4here else.

ACK+56*E8E&E+T I t3e this o""ortunit) to e9"ress m) dee" sense of grtitude: thn3s nd regrds to4rds ll of those 4ho h!e directl) or indirectl) hel"ed me in the successful com"letion of this "ro#ect. I "resent "resent m) m) sincere sincere thn3s to &r &r.. *.+ ;hrm for their 4onderful? su""ort 2 ins"ir(le guiding. *st (ut not the lest I m inde(ted to m) PARE+T; 4ho "ro!ided me their time: su""ort nd ins"irtion needed to "re"re this re"ort. te@ - -/7-/01 -/7-/01 Plce@ - %i"ur ;ignture

C5+TE+T; 0. I+TR5UCT I+TR5UCTI5+.. I5+......... .............. .............. .............. .............. ............. .............. ............... .............. ............. ............. .............. ......... ..

0.0 I+TR5UCTI5+ T5 PER&A+E+T PER&A+E+T 6A 6AY 0. I+TR5UCTI5+ T5 65RK; 65RK; EPAR EPART&E+T T&E+T 0. PH5T58RAPH; PH5T58RAPH; 5 TYPICA* EECT; 0. CURVE; CURVE;

. &AI+TE+A+CE 65RKDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD

.0 RAI*; . RAI* AI* A+ A+ A A;TE ;TE+I+8; .;*EEPER; A+ A;TE+I+8; . P5I+T; A+ CR5;;I+8 .1 BA**A;TE TR TRACK  . BUER ;T5P .7 ;I&P*E TRACK EFUIP&E+T; .G TE&PERATURE . EECT; I+  TRACKDDDDDDDDDD  TRACKDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDDDDDDDDDDDD DD D .0 BUCK*I+8 5 TRACK 

. RACTURE .

RAI+ CUT

. PREV PREVE+ E+TI TIVE VE &AI+TE+A+CEDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDD..

1. &EA;UR&E+ &EA;UR&E+T;DD T;DDDDDD DDDDDDDD DDDDDDDD DDDDDDDD DDDDDDDD DDDDDDDD DDDDDD DD DDDDDDDDDDD

1 INTRODUCA INTRODUCATION TION TO PERMANENT !A !A"  11 Per#$nent !$y %P!$y & It is the ril rod on 4hich trin runs. It is clled P.6 P.6) ) to distinguish the ,nl trc trc3 3 cons constr truc ucte ted d for for mo!e mo!eme ment nts s of tri trins ns from from the the tem" tem"or orr r) ) trc trc3 3 constructed to crr) (uilding mterils etc.  Trc3  Trc3 cn (e of t4o t)"es !i. !i. er ;to" is tht during n im"ct the Bu>er ;to" immeditel) strts to slide once the leding !ehicle hs full) engged onto the im"ct res of the Bu>er ;to". The Kinetic K inetic energ) of the im"cting !ehicle is trnsferred trnsferred to the Bu>er ;to". The Bu>er ;to"s during sliding strts "ic3ing u" the friction elements in seuence until the full (r3ing c"cit) reuired reuired sto""ing the im"cting trin hs (een reched. All the Kinetic energ) trnsferred trnsferred to Bu>er ;to" is then con!erted into het energ) nd then trnsferred to the ril. -

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18 INTR INTRODUC ODUCTION TION TO !OR !OR9S 9S DEP DEPAR ARTMEN TMENT T  The t)"icl cross cross section of !iducts "ro!ided "ro!ided in %&RC %&RC is detiled in the digrms gi!en in the follo4ing sections.

Type+ o5 0e$r)n'+ pro6)ded: ( 1 Pot 0e$r)n 0e$ r)n'+ '+ 8 E*$+to#e E*$+ to#er)c r)c 0e$r)n'+ 0e$r )n'+ In+pect)on )+ t3e ;r+t +tep to4$rd+ $ny #$)nten$nce pro'r$#:( 0. Rout)ne In+pect)on  It is the "eriodic e9mintion of the generl condition of  structure. structure. Ech ins"ection is to (e recorded in the Bridge Register. . Det$)*ed In+pect)on  This is  more intensi!e ins"ection thn the routine ins"ection. All "rts must (e closel) e9mined. The detiled ins"ection should (e "lnned in such  mnner tht /  of the (ridges J !iducts re ins"ected e!er) )er nd ll re co!ered in  "eriod of 1 )ers. . Spec)$* In+pect)on  ;"ecil ins"ection re to (e done in the e!ent of  unusul occurrences occurrences . 6e3nesses re re disco!ered disco!ered during routine routine or detiled ins"ection ins"ection or () n) other o(ser!tion. (. Bridge Bridge loding is incre incresed sed due to re!ised re!ised or incresed incresed loding loding stndrd c. Bridge Bridge is is in in distr distressed essed condition. condition. d. ;ettlemen ;ettlementt of foundtion foundtion is noticed noticed e. E9ce"tionl e!ents li3e li3e erthu3e: Lood: storm: storm: ,re: ,re: ccidents etc. t3e "lce.

ected () moisture: or  slt en!ironment: 4hich cuses the steel to rust 4hich then e9"nds nd "ushes o> the surfce the concrete tht encses the steel reinforcing.

-P3oto Source: Internet.

. Cr$c+ )n concrete:  The t)"es nd se!erit) of crc3s in concrete concrete re !ried nd include dormnt nd cti!e crc3ing. ormnt crc3s re  re crc3s tht occur due to  uniue circumstnce (ut re no longer mo!ing. Acti!e crc3ing is more serious nd cn indicte se!ere "ro(lems. Acti!e Acti!e crc3s sho4 mo!ement nd re relted to structurl loding: foundtion settling: tem"erture chnges or other "ro(lem conditions. Acti!e crc3ing cn (e tem"orr) or on going. If the root cuse of the crc3ing is not ddressed: then the re"irs tht re mde to crc3s generll) fil. 5ften the filed re"ir is 4orse then the originl crc3. There re re mn) di>erent di>erent methods of ,9ing crc3s. crc3s.

 1< CURFES T"PES O, CURFE ON RAIL!A RAIL!A" TRAC9  0. ;im"le ;im"le circulr circulr cur!e cur!e h!ing h!ing  constn constntt rdius. rdius. . Com"ou Com"ound nd cur!e h!ing h!ing t4o or more more cur!es cur!es of di>er di>erent ent rdius rdius 4ith 4ith common tngents. . Re!ers Re!erse e cur!es cur!es of sme sme or di>ere di>erent nt rdii. rdii. . Trnsition rnsition cur!e "ro!ide "ro!ided d (et4een the stright stright erent rdii.

DETERMINATION O, RADIUS  The rdius of  cur!e is determined determined () mesuring the Versine on  chord of  3no4n length: from the eution:

R



18H C F

8

6here R  Rdius in meters  C  Chord Cho rd *ength in meters  V  Versine in millimeters

Cur!es cn (e designted () the rdius in meters or () its degree. The ngle su(tended t the centre () n rc length of =H meters: is the degree of the cur!e A 1 cur!e is 1H meters: / cur!e is G71 meters nd so on.

or mesuring Versine of  cur!e: / meters chords should normll) (e used 4ith sttions t 0/ meters inter!ls. or chec3ing the rdius of turnout nd turn in cur!es: o!erl""ing chords  meters long shll (e used to mesure () stretching  n)lon chord or "ino 4ire (et4een one sttion nd the second ne9t: Versine (eing mesured t the middle sttion.

DE,INITIONS SUPER ELEFA E LEFATION TION OR CANT +ormll) the outer ril is rised (o!e the le!el of the inner ril: 4hen the su"er ele!tion is termed "ositi!e. In the cse of  turnout t3ing o> from the outside of  cur!e: the su"er ele!tion or cnt for the turnout trc3 4ill (e negti!e: the inner ril (eing higher thn th n the outer ril. Cnt is com"uted () the formul@ E  GF8

18 R 6here E  Cnt in mm 8  istnce (et4een Center of rils in mm erence (et4een the cnt ctull) "ro!ided nd the euili(rium cnt reuired for  trin mo!ing t  s"eed lo4er thn the euili(rium s"eed on the cur!e.

TRANSITION CURFE A trnsition cur!e is one on 4hich the the rdius chnges uniforml) uniforml) throughout throughout its length: thus "ro!iding  grdul chnge of cur!ture