piping

PIPING SYSTEM

CODES A code gives guidelines about the subject.It tells rejection and acceptance part of it. EX: ASME SEC VIII DIV 1 Standards is for specific product and gives guarantee for quality of that product. EX: ANSI B 16.5 Regulations rules.EX:IBR

are

government

imposed

PRESSURE PIPING CODES B 31 B 31.1 POWER PIPING. Piping typical found in electric power generation stations, in industrial and institutional plants, geothermal heating systems, and central and district heating and cooling systems, B 31.3 PROCESS PIPING. Piping typically found in petroleum refineries chemical, pharmaceutical , textile , paper semiconductor , and cryogenic plants, and related processing plant and terminals, B 31.4 PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS FOR LIQUID HYDROCARBONS AND OTHER LIQUID . Transporting products, which are predominately liquid between plants and terminal and within terminals, pumping ,and metering stations.

B 31.5 REFRIGERATION PIPING.

Piping for refrigeration and secondary coolants. B 31.8 GAS TRANSPORTATION AND DISTRIBUTION PIPING SYSTEMS.

Piping transporting product which are predominately gas between sources and terminals.including compressor, regulating,and metering station, and gas gathering pipelines, B 31.9 BUILDING SERVICES PIPING. Piping typically found in industrial ,institutional,commercials,and public building and in multi-unit residences

B 31.11 SLURRY TRANSPORTATION PIPING SYSTEM Piping transporting aqueous slurries between plants and terminal,and within terminal and within terminal, pumping, and regulating stations.

SCOPE OF B31.3 a) This Code prescribes requirements for Materials and components, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection, and testing of piping. b) This code applies to piping for all fluids, including: 1) Raw, intermediate, and finished chemicals; 2) Petroleum products; 3) Gas, steam, air, and water;

4) Fluidized solids; 5) Refrigerants; 6) Cryogenic fluids (-151o to –425oF).

EXCLUSIONS OF B31.3 This code excludes following: • Piping systems design for internal gauge pressures at or above zero but less than 105kPa (15psi), provided the fluid handled is nonflammable, nontoxic, and not damaging to human tissue and its design temperature is from –29oC (-20oF) through 186oC (366oF); • Power boiler s in accordance with BPV code Section-I and boiler external piping which is required to confirm to B31.1 • Tubes, tube headers, crossovers, and manifolds of fired heaters, which are internal to the heater enclosure; and • Pressure vessels, heat exchangers, pumps, compressors, and other fluid handling or processing equipment, including internal piping and connections for external piping.

DESIGN PRESSURE The design pressure of each component in a piping system shall be not less than the pressure at the most severe condition of coincident internal or external pressure (Minimum or Maximum) expected during service

DESIGN TEMPERATURE The design temperature or each component in a piping system is the coincident temperature,under the coincident pressure, the greatest thickness or highest component rating is required.

MINIMUM TEMPERATURE The design minimum temperature is the lowest component temperature expected in service.

FLUID CATEGORY ON B 31.3 CATEGORY D A) The fluid handled is non flammable,non toxic ,and not damaging to human tissues. B) The design gauge pressure does not exceed 150 Psi and temperature is from –29 c to 186 c.

C) Example water,air.(testing of the system not stringent.) CATEGORY M A fluid service in which the potential for personnel exposure is judged to be significant and in which a single exposure to a very small quantity of a toxic fluid,caused by leakage,can produce serious irreversible harm to persons on breathing or bodily contact, even when prompt restorative measures are taken. Example .H2 SO4, CL2 Gas (Thread flanges are not recommended. Low pressure testing is also one of the requirement.

HIGH PRESSURE FLUID SERVICE –K CATEGORY

If the pressure is in excess of 2500 rating for specified design temperature and material group.

NORMAL FLUID SERVICE. A fluid service pertaining to most piping covered by this code ie not subject to the rules for category D,category M or high pressure fluid service.

PIPE UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE •

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