Piper Nigrum

DAFTAR ISI

DAFTAR DAFTAR ISI............................................ ISI.................................................................... ............................................... ...........................................................1 ....................................1 BAB I PENDAHULUAN............................. PENDAHULUAN.................................................... .............................................. ......................................................2 ...............................2 1.1

Latar Belakang Belakang..... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .............. ................... ................2 ......2

1.2

Rumusan Rumusan Masalah. Masalah...... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............ ................. ................. .......

1.

Tu!uan. Tu!uan...... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... ............ ......... ..

BAB II TIN"AUAN PUSTA#A................. PUSTA#A........................................ ............................................... ........................................................$ ................................$ %.1

Buah La&a H'tam...... H'tam........... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............. .................. .................... ............$ ..$

%.2

S'm(l's'a.. S'm(l's'a....... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............$ .......$

%.

U!' Tum)uhan Tum)uhan *)at...... *)at........... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... ............... ............% ..%

BAB III MET*DE PENELITIAN.................................. PENELITIAN......................................................... .................................................... ............................. .......+ .1

H'st,k'm'a. H'st,k'm'a...... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............ ................. .............+ ...+

.2

#r,mat,gra#r,mat,gra-'' La('s La('s T'('s. T'('s..... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............. ................. ...............+ ......+

BAB I PEMBAHASAN............................. PEMBAHASAN.................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .............................../ ......../ $.1

H'st,k'm'a. H'st,k'm'a...... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............ ................. ............./ .../

$.2

#r,mat,gra#r,mat,gra-'' La('s La('s T'('s. T'('s..... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............. ................. .............../ ....../

BAB  PENUTUP............................... PENUTUP...................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ......................................11 ...............11 %.1

#es'm(ulan. #es'm(ulan...... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .............1 ........11 1

%.2

Saran..... Saran.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... ............. ..............1 ......11 1

DAFTAR DAFTAR PUSTA#A...... PUSTA#A............................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .....................................12 ..............12

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang

Ilmu -armak,gn,s' mengura'kan tentang (emer'ksaan s'm(l's'a na)at' &an '&ent'-'kas' tum)uhan ,)at )er&asarkan kan&ungan k'm'an0a )entuk &an s'm(l's'an0a  )a'k makr,sk,('k mau(un m'kr,sk,('kn0a serta 'nentar'sas' tanaman ,)at 0ang kera( kal' &'gunakan mas0arakat &alam meng,)at' suatu (en0ak't. In&,nes'a 0ang )er'kl'm tr,('s men0e)a)kan tanahn0a su)ur seh'ngga )an0ak !en's tum)uhan mem'l'k' khas'at se)aga' ,)at.Namun se)ag'an )esar &ar' tum)uhan ,)at 'tu )an0ak 0ang t'&ak &'ketahu' ,leh manus'a seh'ngga t'&ak tera3at &engan )a'k. Tanaman la&a 4  Piper nigrum L. 5 a&alah tanaman 0ang termasuk ke&alam -am'l' P'(era6eae. Tanaman la&a 'n' )erasal &ar' (anta' Barat 7hats Mala)ar In&'a. Pa&a tahun 188 SM 9 :88 SM tanaman la&a 'n' mula' tum)uh &' In&,nes'a. Para k,l,n' In&'a telah mem)a3a la&a masuk ke In&,nes'a 4D'rekt,rat "en&ral Perke)unan28885. H'ngga saat 'n'  (er&agangan la&a In&,nes'a terkenal &'(asaran &' seluruh (en!uru &un'a. In&,nes'a mem(un0a' &aerah (enghas'l la&a 0a'tu &aerah Lam(ung &an Bangka. #an&ungan 0ang ter&a(at &alam )uah la&a a&alah a'r m'n0ak ats'r' sa(,n'n -la,n,'&. Sela'n 'tu )uah la&a mengan&ung ('(er'n 4alkal,'&55 ,le,res'n -la(,n,'& ;at  (r,te'n ;at kar),h'&rat &an ;at an,rgan'k 4;at P2* ;at sul-ur ;at #2* ;at ka(ur tra6t5. M'n0ak ats'r' &a(at &'(er,leh melalu' ekstraks' &an &a(at &'(er,leh )ahan (a&at 0ang &'se)ut ,le,res'n. Buah mer'6a h'tam )erkhas'at se)aga' )ahan (en0egar menghangatkan )a&an merangsang semangat ,)at (erut kem)ung merangsang keluarn0a ker'ngat &an ,)at sesak na-as 47una3an 1///5. Sela'n 'tu !uga se)aga' karm'nat'- &'a-,ret'k &an analges'k  4S,e&')0, 1//=5.

1.2 Rumusan Masalah

1. A(a -ungs' (enam)ahan reagen?reagen k'm'a &alam anal's's h'st,k'm'a P'(er's N'gr' Fru6tus @ 2. A(a sa!a kan&ungan k'm'a &alam P'(er's N'gr' Fru6tus @ . A(akah ter&a(at kan&ungan k'm'a ('(er'n (a&a P'(er's N'gr' Fru6tus @ 1. Tu!uan

1. Mahas's3a &a(at mengetahu' -ungs' mas'ng?mas'ng reagen k'm'a 0ang &'tam)ahkan untuk anal's's met,&e h'st,k'm'a. 2. Mahas's3a &a(at mengetahu' kan&ungan k'm'a &alam P'(er's N'gr' Fru6tus melalu' anal's's h'st,k'm'a. . Mahas's3a &a(at mengetahu' a&a t'&akn0a kan&ungan k'm'a ('(er'n &alam P'(er's  N'gr' Fru6tus menggunakan met,&e #LT 4#r,mat,gra-' La('s T'('s5

BAB II TIN"AUAN PUSTA#A

1

Buah La$a H%tam

&am'ar 1 Piperis Nigri Fructus La$a h%tam atau Piper nigrum a&alah salah satu !en's tanaman 0angh )eru(a semak 

&engan t'ngg' %?1% m. La&a h'tam 'n' mem'l'k' )entuk )atang )ulat )eralur &an )erakar  melekat. Daun &ar' la&a h'tam 'n' tunggal )ertangka' &u&uk )ersel'ng )entuk )ulat ter)al'k mele)ar 9 )ulat meman!ang (angkal mem)ulat ? tum(ul ? (asak u!ung merun6'ng  (ermukaan atas h'!au tua mengk'lat )a3ah )erl'l'n &engan )'nt'k kelen!ar ra(at = ? 28 6m > %?1% 6m tangka' 8+?= 6m. Bunga &ar' tanaman 'n' )eru(a ma!emuk )ul'r 4unta'5 )unga  )an6' )ul'r menggantung tangka' 1?% 6m ruas %?22 6m a&a ram)ut &' (angkal )akal  )uah. Buah la&a h'tam tergantung )e)as )er)entuk ),la atau el'( langs'ng )er3arna h'!au ? merah ? h'tam gar's tengak 2% mm sam(a' : mm (ermukaan )erker'(ut kasar &alam seru(a  !ala (a&a u!ung )uah ter&a(at s'sa &ar' ke(ala (ut'k 0ang t'&ak )ertangka' (a&a 'r'san mem)u!ur ter&a(at (er'kar( 0ang t'('s sem('t &an )er3arna gela( men0e)ung' 'nt' )'!'h 0ang  (ut'h &ar' )'!' tunggal (er'kar( melekat erat (a&a )'! '. Ham('r seluruh 'nt' )'!' ter&'r' &ar' &ar'  (er's(erm )ag'an tengah (er's(erm )er,ngga )ag'an u!ung (er's(erm )er,ngga )ag'an u!ung (ers(erm men0elu)ung' en&,s(erm 0ang ke6'l em)r', sangat ke6'l ter)enam &alam en&,&erm. Dan (an!ang )'!' la&a h'tam kurang le)'h $ mm.

A&a(un klas'-'kas' taks,n,m' la&a h'tam a&alah se)aga' )er'kut  1. #'ng&,m

 Plantae

2. D''s'

 S(ermat,(h0ta

. Su) &''s'

 Ang',s(ermae

$. #elas

 M,n,6,t0le&,neae

%. *r&,

 P'(erales

:. Fam'l'

 P'(era6eae

+. 7enus

 P'(er 

=. S(es'es

 P'(er n'grum L'nn

Tanaman 'n' meru(akan salah satu &ar' sek'an )an0ak tanaman her)al 0ang ser'ng &'gunakan mas0arakat 'n&,nes'a se)aga' ,)at 4Ra6hma&an' 28815. Ekstrak )uah La&a H'tam &alam )er)aga' )entuk ,lahan )an0ak &'e&arkan &'(asaran se)aga' ,)at. Bag'an tanaman la&a h'tam 0ang )'sa &'man-aatkan se)aga' ,)at 0a'tu  (a&a )ag'an )uah &an &aun 4-,l'um5. Sen0a3a k'm'a 0ang terkan&ung &' &alam )uah la&a h'tam a&alah m'n0ak ats'r' 1? %C 0ang se)ag'an )esar meru(akan sen0a3a m,n,ter(en,'&. Sen0a3a utama &alam  )uah la&a h'tam ('(er'n 0a'tu suatu sen0a3a am'&a 0ang ter)entuk &ar' ('(er'&'n &an asam ('(erat. Sela'n 'tu &' &alam )uah la&a h'tam !uga ter&a(at sen0a3a am'&a la'n &engan 'nt' ('(er'&'n 0a'tu ('(eran'n &an ('(eret'n untuk 'nt' ('r,l'&'n a&a ('(er'l'n serta ter&a(at 's,)ut'lam'n. Dan sen0a3a la'n 0ang ter&a(at (a&a )uah la&a h'tam 0a'tu &? l'm,nene 1?l'mnen 1?  9l'm,nen  9('nene 1?  9('nene  9kar0,-'len &an kar0,-'len ,ks'&a. D'&alam )uah la&a h'tam !uga ter&a(at kas''n. #a's'n meru(akan kan&ungan 0ang  )ertanggung !a3a) terha&a( rasa (e&as &'mana ka's'n meru(akan 's,mer )asa &ar'  ('(er'n