sP
ICTORIAL
INO-KOREAN
CHARACTERS Fun with Hancha
Text and Illustrations
BY PROF. JACOB CHANG-UI KIM
HOLLYM INTERNATIONAL CORP. Elizabeth, New Jersey Seoul
In memoriam my father Kim Hong-dk, deacon who taught me Hancha and much more. I would also like to dedicate this book to the students of mine who have studied the Korean language in mutual friendship and enjoyment and who go out into this world to uphold peace.
The whole earth was of one language, and of one speech. -Genesis 11:1-
Copyright @ 1987 by Jacob Chang-ui Kim
I
1
1 I
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without the written permission of the author except where permitted by law. First published by Hollyrn International Corp. 18 Donald Place Elizabeth, New Jersey 07208 U. S. A. Published simultaneously in Korea by Hollym Corporation; Publishers 14-5 Kwanchol-dong, Chongno-gu Seoul, Korea Phone: 735-7554 ISBN: 0-930878-58-9 Printed in Korea
PREFATORY NOTE This volume by Reverend Jacob Chang-ui Kim is a much needed work and is the outcome of Reverend Kim's extensive foreign language teaching, training and research in International Studies. His effort will be extremely beneficial to all students of the Korean language. Defense Language Institute Presidio of Monterey Monterey, California
g2&$?o'& SO CLEAR LIKE STREAM
$?a&
SO FRESH LIKE WATER
By Shelling Hwong, Chinese Calligrapher
MONTE R. BULLARD Colonel, U.S. Army Commandant
PREFACE
This book is designed for those who are eager to learn the written Korean language and acquire a basic working ability to read and write it in their everyday communication. Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters performs various aids for writing Korean, particularly the Sino-Korean characters known as Hancha. In 1972, some 1,800 characters were prescribed by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and adopted by law as those most effective and essential for common use. These are here given with their origin, etymology, history, classification and signification. Each character is accompanied by a chart demonstrating the proper way to write it and pictographs. This is a purely practical guide for students of Korean to help them understand Sino-Korean and the Korean language wisely. While teaching a t the Defense Language Institute in California, I had the difficult experience of trying to alleviate the frustrations and mental blocks which would develop in students who were having trouble picking up Sino-Korean characters. I have proposed a pedagogic strategy that is based on the use of that which is appropriately relevant. The characters were selected on the basis of the frequency of their appearance in modern writings. The McCune-Reischauer romanization is based on an attempt to use common English values of letters to represent Korean sounds in terms of the raw impressions they make on an Amerby 4xdYade-Giles ican ear. This s y s - a r a " # romanization of Chinese and the Hepburn romanization of 3apanese. I have followed the McCune-Reischauer system with
,
10
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
minor revisions and tried to make the transcription appear and sound as natural as possible. I gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the Defense Language Institute, Library Director Mr. Gary D. Walter and the library of the Monterey Institute of Foreign Studies. Thanks also to Professor Stewart W. Hobson of the Chinese Language Department faculty of Defense Language Institute, Monterey, California; for kindly proofreading my manuscripts. Also, for valuable help I am indebted to Mr. Chu Shin-won, Vice President a t Hollym Corporation; Publishers. I hope this book may be a good stepping stone for you to go on to more advanced reading, writing, and conversation. I welcome any criticism which might help me to improve upon this book and lead to a better understanding of the use and meaning of "Sino-Korean." Let's study together!
CONTENTS
PREFACE PART I INTRODUCTION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Characters from China Sino-Korean to Japan Kanji Education in Japan The Combination Writing in Korea The Features of Sino-Korean 1) The Pictograms
2) 3) 4) 5) 6)
Mon terey, California August 9, 1987
PART
Indicative Symbols The Phonograms The Ideograms Converted Words Falsely Borrowed
II WRITING HANCHA
1. 2. 3. 4.
Calligraphy Writing Sino-Korean Characters The Eight Strokes with Possible Variations Y6ng Cha Eight Strokes 5. Comparison of Sounds 6. The Similarity of Ancient Letters 7. A Pedagogic Strategy
Jacob Chang-ui Kim
PART
m
CHARACTERS
Explanatory Notes 1. The Universe 2. The Earth
A.
12
Contents
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
The Holy Bible Contents
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
Trees Birds and Fish Animals Insects and Reptiles Mankind The Human Body The Countenance Family Foods Education Architectural Structures 14. Tools 15. Measurement 16. Military 17. Arts 18. Occupations
PART lV RADICALS (214 Characters)
PART V THEOLOGICAL AND BIBLICAL TERMS Theology Clergy Doctrine Denomination Roman Catholic Church Church Government T h e Officers of the Church Church Organization Worship Service Christian Year Holy Bible
1. Old Testament Contents 2. New Testament Contents
APPENDIXES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Korean Alphabet-Names and Sounds Korean National Anthem The National Flower The National Flag Character Discrimination Characters with Multiple Readings
Phonetic Index Bibliography
ILLUSTRATIONS YongbiGch 'Gn-ga 303
The Evolution of Chinese Characters An Epitaph of Koryi, Dynasty Traditional Korean Stationery Brush, Inkstick and Inkstone Decora tional Characters Season's Greetings A Village School Bamboos Oracle Bone A Page of the Bible in Sino-Korean Hunmin ChGng-iim
Korean National Anthem The National Flower The National Flag Direction Okp 'yzn
13
-
PART I
INTRODUCTION
Yongbiiich'Gn-ga (Songs of Flying Dragons), the early Yi dynasty panegyric eulogizing the virtue of the ancestors of the Yi founder comparing the Yi house to a deep rooted tree and a spring of deep waters.
Introduction
16
(2) Partial change of radical components
1. Characters from China
?% (heat) = ?!
The characters used in writing Sino-Korean originally came from China. However, we are dealing with them only in so far as they form part of the Korean language. Chinese characters have a long history, the earliest discovered writings having been dated from about 14th century B. C. (F@%Oracle bones, chia-ku wen). In 100 A. D. during the Han dynasty, this was modified by Hsu Sheng(R@, 30124 A.
D.
) in his 15-volume paleographical work, Shuo-wen Chieh-
or the explanation of writing and analysis of words. I t lists 9,353 characters under 540 radical entries. Of this number, 364 were pictographic, 125 simple ideographic, 1,167 compound ideographic and 7,697 phonetic compounds. The most complete collection is the Kang Hsi Dictionary(@ fFFiT$&) with about 50,000 characters of the Ching dynasty (#) , done in 1716. Since 1949, after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the government had actively pursued language reform until the Cultural Revolution, 1966-76. They changed and simplified the characters from original letters. Variants tzu(W*f#T)
1
include four main categories: (1) interposition of radical components, (2) partial change of radical components, (3) addition of a radical component, and (4) use of new characters. For examples: c (1) Interposition of radical components a. Between left and right # (cotton) =&i (neighbor) b. Between vertical and horizontal radical components
=a
I
I
I
(flock) =% (about) =%
S (peak) =@
'
=B
%(effect)
@ (tavern) =$$I (3) Addition of a radical component %(fruit) =% % (place) =% (4) Use of new characters @ (double) =XX (body) = # (crowd)
C_-.
,
17
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characfers
El
=*
Modern Simplified Characters
ai
E CEI @ CB] i ??! [@I ba i % tBI hie [HI I%] #? [%I 5rJ [@I bi
m
t [@-I
ban
bin
& CM3 $ [!#$I E I ang
Ifi; IfE3 ao
h [#I
[@I
bing
cai
Zr I@] Can $3 [@I
3s
cr1 CII
bang
tang 5% [%I # ($1 R t;iafl bian [&I fk [3%3
* [*I
baa Z CRI
%[&I
ba
1 Cf11
biao
M IS]
bei
$5 (8%
Z
[@I
bu
b C@>
ceng
[HI
I%] than ?E CfitiI R [%I ;ffi
18
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
Introduction
19
2. Sino-Korean to Japan Ancient Images cenL
I
BC
)
d-:::h:s Ci~ancters (about 18th cent B C )
w
9
ierq
@
5 +$
6,
fj
0
z & q D Q
3
(dbout 17th-
3rd cenr
Many theories have been advanced since the end of the 19th century about the affinities of the Japanese linguists have classified Japanese with the language of bouring areas, such as Ryukyuan, Ainu, others have grouped i t with Chinese, Tibetan, Burmese, Altaic, Malayan, and Polynesian. Still others Japanese is related to Greek, but this theory I accepted. This is only natural as Chinese culture has been disseminated widely and deeply. Four kinds of writing systems are used in Japanese: Kanji (Chinese c h a r a c t e r s Hiragana and Katakana ( two- phonetic--. Romaji - . " - (the Roman alphabet). Chinese characsyllabaries) and -.-"_%rs and Hiragana are used for the expression of all except words not of Chinese origin, which are expressed by Katakana. The more complicated type is known as the Kanji. The Kanji serves generally to represent the principal words of specimen of writing in the Japanese language, and thus express the nouns, pronouns, nominalizers, and numbers. Also they are utilized in the roots of adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. The simpler type of characters is known a s Kana. This takes two forms, the Hiragana, which are relatively cursive in appearance, and the Katakana, which are relatively angular. In fact, the Japanese language contains a large v ~ c a b u l a r y ~ based on the Chinese language. According t o The Vocabular . and Chinese Characters in Ninety Magazinevof Today (vol 111)-the analysis of the resilts p u k r b y The Nation Language Research Institute, the percentage of the vocabula based on the Chinese is 41.3% of the total number. This- rati -...----- will increase in academic material. - -=----
Hstao-Chuan (246-207
1 LI-Shu (about 200
ifiz s
Bc-AD~~~)
Changes atter Han DvoatY' (after A D
588)
?.g I
$5 js
$g #
@ I 3 $-%x
fsm@ 4 .Cnf-X.* 8, F, 43- I3 6 a *% x $1-1L $+. 3% a fl $&
b
b
?@%$+A
a mi* K
k
an
D
= E3
A-
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
20
Introduction
The Japanese began to write their language, which they had known only as speech, when contact with Korea and China resulted in the importation of Chinese characters. This contact dates as far back as the first century A. D. Towards the end of third century, two Korean scholars; Wang I n ( E C , Wa-ni in Japanese) and A j i k k i ( m B @ ) of Paekche dynasty came over to Japan and acted a s teachers. A Paekche ,Sinulogist, Wang In is said to have presented a copy of the Ch'dnjarnun(Tf ft, Ch'ien-tzu Wen in Chinesen --One Thousand Character Classic, and 10 copies of Uie-l\jon~ (;&%, Lun yu in Chinese) a s a tribute to the Emperor Ojin(@ @I). S o , h ~ ~ - ~ w e _ r _ e ~ r r m-._ a._introduced l l y to Japan as early as 285 A. D. ,--can find evidence compiled in the early pkrt of the eighth century, in both ancient recorded Korean history and JapaRecord of Ancient nese history, especially the Kojiki (&*ZZ), Matters, compiled in the year of 712; Nihonshoki ( B *BgZ), 3 Records of Japan, compiled in the Moreover, The coming of the study of religious texts written in Chinese characters. .It i % said that Buddhism c a m e t ~ ~ f a p g with n --.-the introduction of Budfiist images and w r j t i ~ g s .from Paekche- on - the Korean _peni In n to art, music, science of divination, medicine, and farming methods were also taught to the Japanese. Japan's Asuka culture and the development of an ancient nation were due to the diffusion of the culture of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
-_
_I"
*T-
-
.^
_
l__
"%
- - +
-
3. Kanji Education in Japan In Japanese also, they adopted the Chinese characters which
I
21
they call Kanji(Chinese letters). The basic number of Kanji for general use taught to all Japanese school children is 1,850. In 1951, The Ministry of Education found it necessary to supplement the list of 1,850 characters with a list of 92 characters approved for use in personal names. By 1977, the number had increased to 1,950 basic characters, to be taught in grammar schools and up through high schools. Since that time, the regulation has generally been observed in documents published by the government, in institutions of public education, in newspapers and magazines, etc. So, most publications and documents can be read with a knowledge of T6y6Kanji (the Kanji for daily use). In addition, both the Tby6-Kanji and the Kyoiku-Kanji (the educational Kanji) have been revised a little on the basis of research on the actual use of Kanji. However, Kanji are not so easy for Japanese students, either. They study Kanji for six years a t elementaryschool, for three years a t secondary school, and for three years a t high , I school-a total of twelve years. Even so, there are rather ---- few -who can read and all of the b-Kxwithout - - -write --- . _ -_ 1950- -T b- ymistakes when they -. -- enter _ --_--the - university. -Scholar E. Reischauer, the former American ambassador to Japan, once lamented that the Japanese language could not be mastered. If so, one of the reasons would certainly be the difficulties of learning Kanji.
C__--____-
--11^___
^
_
___I&
-I
--^
4. The Combination Writing in Korean The time of the importation of the Chinese writing system to Korea is uncertain. At least by the time of the warring states (403-221 B. c. ) , the existence of a Chinese writing system became known to Korea through Chinese itinerants and bmigrCs.
22
The difficulty the Koreans encountered in adapting the writing system of China is seen from the various methods of writing used in Korea prior to the invention of the alphabet by Sejong in 1443. The first writings by Koreans were in ordinary Chinese. Despite the early contact with the Chinese script, the earliest securely dated inscription de that writing was used .-.The writing is on a by the Koreans comes from *---.I___ lXI-anggaet'o of Kogury6 monument erected in honor "
dynasty, It is written in ordinary Chinese. A reading capability in the Han-giil alphabetic system alone is a limited literacy. Because many classic scholars and lin~;_uis_t.s_-~~~. % Hancha 30% Han-giil, it requires a_strxmgChinese characters to -- .read most newspapers, ** Thus dictionaries are written in the ese character system. The colleges and universities use this combination system almost exclusively. Knowledge of the Chinese characters continues to be of importance in Korea, yet many middle and high school students find difficulty in learning to read in the SinoKorean. -..Today a knowledge of about equate to read the newspaper. - __ -.-_--.* In accord with this policy, the --- -- ----newspaper publishers agreed in 1967 to limit the number of characters used in the newspapers. _ . I -
5. The Features of Sino-Korean
The Chinese characters are called Hantzu in Chinese, Hancha in Korean, and Kanji in Japanese, all meaning "Han characters (&+I. " These characters are used exclusively in Chinese writings, and in combination with the Han-gBI alphabet in Korea and with the Kana syllabaries in Japan. The Sino-Korean (Hancha), in written form, is a combination of three major elements: pictograms, ideograms and phonograms. SL-wMost philologists have based their work upon the I (%*), a book of Chinese etymology. _/..__ Hi5 Shin(;?@), as pro- -- . .*-" .nounced in Korean o,~_.HsuShen_"as pronounced in Chinese, 7--classified the ancient characters under six categories of characters (&B). The Chinese usually speak of the "original roots ," showing of the six categories of Chinese characters (f47! 0 1 @H
14.
La---'
MEANING AND SOUND 12
11
il- 5 Sun; Day-6 4 s.-7 Rad. 72
&41&.
51
Character definition Stroke count Radical information and number Simplified character Stroke order diagram Frequency character compounds and meaning New characters; meaning in Korean scripts Pronunciation of compound characters. T h e Romanized transcription in this textbook is known as the "McCuneReischauer Romanization" which is the transcription most widely used. Exercise: Typical conversational usage for reading and translation. Especially this column utilized for useful application. For example, proverbs, maxims and Korean common sayings and the ability to understanding compositions.
The Division of Characters: Classified by the order of creation in the book of Genesis. Abbreviations S. : Strokes Rad. : Radical
If you write a diary in Korean you will be a clever writer, therefore do that everyday.
ea a ~ ~ P 6 ; o lql 519, R a e
2.
-471 94+3 Wt.
Take the character for day ( El) and by adding one line try to make eight new characters.
The weatherman says that it will rain tomorrow.
Key:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
T h e three steps are letter evolution of the pictograph. T h e character Etymological explanation T h e character with Korean scripts Pronunciation
I
oF"d - morning
'ifh,! monkey; r e p o r t
1.
Fa +
ti'
' 1
9 Moon
9(ill
a(~01)
-
53
--
The Universe
Sunbeams shine on the water, which refracts the light. Another story is that a man held an Olympic torch and ran on a track. This character is the combination of (a) and 01.).(*) is a transformation of (jk,fire) ,and (1 - 1.). is -that ----LCIC.II~.._ of (A, a man). $'2
0J 'T m q D a H x '2 Day
C k u f acters; the Universe -
~1 Rain 8( 4
i++
a
l i
Sky (ch96n)
1
A-
_
@4$- liberation; glorious restoration
$$!
s6n
8 kwan
sightseeing; a tour
luminosity; emission of light
(Is% 9%sunlight; sunshine 5 2
34
% !ilpal
3d747-]gIA 4 ~ 6 m
a flash; a glint
&--
!
319%@ q p k
light ray
9 %. ~ I 901 i%l-+$q .&A) 71 4 324s). 3))-3rQ01 9 c o o 4 4 *-% 4-+I- 2!4 -% 9 0 1 d- 8Wl-43- 4 T T X %01* #3-4 4 &. 4 q 01 514 el-401 q 1-1 01 t 3 4 9 0 1 L1d-• ($lJft$t2,Gen. 1 : 2-5) *l.+g 01 7l-5\44 sl-*q E%$$41 % g o 1 $4 S E S 4-4 A1 sl-*. 35 3- 3 5 ~ zl-q 2 ~@eJbgF la%* El%* +E61 0I+d-. 35 rr. iJl-$4 g%41 9 4 *oil *]?Id- 3-43 i3-l-4.401 + 9 zkiq+ g!,Al- -E X g b z *+ =&BiJ)Ali3-)~1Z++Yt: g22.s t!+ *@%)A1 ??plq ZE g++ + 5 q 3
.\ f
;L
9 f l g i l
01
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR REXDI'YG AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
m a -
($lJ#k@,
Gen. 1 : 14-16)
1;
,
.6 S.
ME.-\XING AND SOUND
x@ x$$? %x 44%% 9-4rw 4 %
*.
LIGHT
C
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
*at41 4-4401 XH,I% $lJ&Sl-4 4 ($lJI&Si! 1 : 1) In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. (Genesis 1 : 1) 3 0 1 ~ f @ i + X . g&iJ)-q Ego) 3% -q41 $ 3 4-4-gq @+ *iBi41 g5sl--q4 5). 3\44 01 7)c4-44 3 0 1 5922.~1 + - ~ l ~ l l3
kwang
1. qq+ 414-q go]*. (n]€q$G@ 5 : 14) You are the light of the world. ( ~ a t t 5. : 1 4 ) 2. grnq -t-zaol 4. Korea's Liberation Day is August fifteenth. 3. a@tt41 nMol%%l01 ePeta. There were a lot of foreign tourists in the Folk Village. 4. 6.1 x#k 4 q 9 01 9. &@01 (3%27 : 1) The Lord is my light and my salvation. ( P S . 27 : 1)
*.
dyr\;
54
(~1.. e&atr&2'.>3''J"L!'
--..
Characters; the Universe
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
This suggests an important man, Moses, for example, as he is coming down from Mt. Sinai. One can see his face is up near the clouds. Hence the sense of sky or heaven. (Exodus 20 : 16) (Genesis 1 : 6-8)
xq@
2J+%L
SKY HEAVEN 4 S.
X%SZ&@l40J7) 4 9 a
natural
monument
%* ? d ~ q a genius;
% ,
2% 71 f
E! y6n
2 XH
a very brilliant person
%~
&
7)33
2dzl heaven and earth
chae
I
xT ~dzl-all under heaven
Xi chi
014
51 ha
Plucking stars from heaven. (a very difficult work to do)
,L&jg017 ) 9 5 J 4 4
Go1 94 4
xm01 44
kingdom of heaven. (Matt. 5 : 3)
* a
25
zz
ki
a] Z]
?& 011
ye
t*
Vg = mol
*
S pon 3 ch'ul
4-72 ~ 1% 2 Z
sunrise
%% all day long
chong
%s-3.B Z 2 3 &d
1.
%gi?Bol 3 . j 7) o ~ A \ + E ] 3% 741 +A] A. If you write a diary in Korean, you will be a clever writer, therefore do that from now on.
2.
a+ s %@Roll q gl-g 01
7)
& p o l l Tf&ol]+
71l34-rr
Bt+. According to today's weather forecast, it is said that
3! 9 01 A. (=)
5 : 3) Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs in the
$3
kwa
A
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. g)kq % 4-71 : Ad 4 el-71 uq 0-l 4 3%01 s+ 3. 2.
EI .zf; 9% sunset a 9& Japan
@a
kyo
9
74 $/?Zt 34 f 71
71
x$& 4 5 . Catholicism; ~ Roman Catholic 50J & 3 chu Church
a 3 624- a daily lesson; a daily task a gz % a diary a %@% 9 41& a weather forecast 71
gz 71 ki
9
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
s%% 9 mun -Y?4 @ A t sa
x{g2 d ~ )an angel
SUN DAY 4 S.
Rad. 72
MEANING AND SOUND
science of astronomy
i1
a
ch'6n
~ 1 %a
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
Here is a visual representation of the sun. Through over centuries a dot or small line was put in its centre to indicate brightness. is also an Egyptian symbol of the sun. (Genesis 1 : 1-5)
55
I
I
after a light drizzle in the morning there will be clearing in the afternoon.
56
Characters; the Universe
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
$
57
&, 99pl
*;" OoO
Here are represented the shapes of the new moon. The crescent, rather than the full moon, is represented in order to distinguish it from the sun. (Genesis 1 : 16)
Once, it was thought there to be multiple entities in the heavens. This idea, readily understood on a clear night, has evolved to become * embodied in the character denoting a star. (Genesis 1 : 16)
wol MONTH MOON 4 S.
srjng STAR
9 S.
Rad. 74
~ 7 ' f l ~ Z l E l ~ a . ~
1 HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
$2 +j% a
salary fls % X a monthly bulletin
a @ %+a monthly instalment a % 41 monthly rent a @ a 499 Monday 1% a a full moon s a + every month nJ%
nq
MEANING AND SOUND $
93
a= ++k
71
1% nq "& $$
7)-?3&
%+ : 412,Fq Pg 4 01 e$@ ~d
9.The moon
Ad
s
#E
yet
+A]
34
MEANING AND SOUND
@ 7)-71
{% 5
cho
@ 31 chwa 7 1 .1+2 $ti+ kiik a4 @ @ +I wi ;dF.$. # 3 chang zl-z]
star
a satellite ~ 2 A d a general Ad
3s dl 4
mae
wanes when its brightest rays fade. 2. 8 & ~ d F . ~ ]+ %+dl, +-z74-71 7). $ A salary man's life is simple but it is difficult for him to accumulate a large sum of money 3. i j ~ ; f r ~ ~ ( ~ 1: A1 % %&4 3z-t ~ 34- 24. The months and years pass swiftly.
++.
$1
a man UH
the Stars and Stripes
&@ Ad a)-constellation it@&-++Ad the polar
Po
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
1{%?& Zl
ZB~?PU 3 g ~ i lse 4 ~ 1 %@
% = . ; y g
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
$2 = kiip % S!
1
"1
a comet
3 dl hye
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: I
1.
%f7@+
41 .1 ~ ) - % b l 9% 2~ ").;I]
419%
3+).7F
@%a+.
The three wise men of the east followed the star found the baby Jesus and worshipped Him. 2. +~1-1L~t41lx-l 5 B # @ 0 1 f 74.46FxJd nk? Do you know who is the five star general in our country? 3. X%&+ 3 4 2s XB41 3La;F 3% OIS_i%\+ @fbFJbl+. Astronomy is the study of stars, the sun, the moon and planets.
58
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
em @ M Characters: the Universe
i.
@
'
e
This character indicates a sunset. The sun sets over the west side of the slope. This is made use of as a radical.
:
,
,
I l l
t
1 1 1
o
The first two pictures represent clouds and the dotted lines below, drops of water. The rain drops hitting the umbrella are easily visualized. (Genesis 7 : 12)
siik EVENING 3 S. Rad. 36
59
u RAIN 8 S.
dl 8
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
b'?u%m 4 7 , 4 % evening newspaper 4f&24 d ! evening meal; dinner
4B
*& the setting sun
4pfi
E a red sunset; evening glow
&'a4
E the tide coming in
in the evening
MEANING AND SOUND
shin
"k
9 Pan % Yaw
M2 Pi% dl 9 ,M 3 cho
a$-@ E cho r 0 -fl El E mun
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
( 9 3 2 ~ )4 : %\? q-2J *I I-+ z \ F zj q 21 9 @-& @ El In a brief interval. 2. 4 %+ 4fE4 JJ 4 4 01 c\.lil &ol NOWinstead of being called s6kpan, dinner is generally called chbny6k. 3. -Ez4101 %%+ *7qq Lj,q?j SF& *Gz\x]+ 81 x]+ &% -121 E 9 o ~ ~ The % Monterey ~ ~ . beach is famous not only for being a habitat for seals but also the beauty of its setting sun.
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
fim
m
7Iq2 71 ki 0 1 5 % Z! ro 2% % ul pi 4% a cch'ijn 44%% P ' O ~
rainy season
m g +S
rain and dew
fi@ +dl
rainwear
@j* +zi a rainy day
@m
+-8 violent
rain
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
1. -@-4
+st+.
+-71
MEANING AND SOUND
f i , k A o J d l 4 % 4.k 7,FnF7F A2*f14 %%7F 471 E @I+. Korea's rainy season is June and July, sometimes there are floods.
I3611 Z ~55% 7F71 Z. %+dl R ~ B $ 4 l kt-)% I 0471 4 7 ] 3 g q . We have a plan to go on a picnic next
2. +% !@I=&
Friday, but if it rains, we must postpone it next week. 3.
i%f&45@(+F%$):@l gj ; o-) 4is;t 2 0 1 a_;Fqoll
FqFq 471-471 5% 45 &61 24 9.Bamboo shoots after
-& 3611
rain. (springs up like mushrooms after rain) 4. Rmkf+(%843) : d \ q b 1 3-4 -3-2d l 4 $01
%.
en Eka L I: 60
+ V;YA~I.
- 4
J
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
This character is the combination of rain and a cloud(2). (Z) is the figure of moisture going around in the air. The character means a cloud, from the idea of moisture, which will cause 7% d rain, floating in the air.
(m)
un CLOUD 12 S.
MEANING AND SOUND
zu
ssfl94-cloud-shaped car;ings 3%++ cloud and mist
~171 ok711
Z t kak
% 9 mu -1 pong
=
s!&9 % a bank of clouds s% 9q a lark; a skylark
-%+I
%% 9 % %%
% 2 3 4 99 %
%4
Zl chak
gathering in swarms; throngs ZQ
chip
the shadow of cloud
y6ng
*+
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
9 8 4 1 7G-61 '71?22+ Tf&+~dk 7qat-t. Tomorrow weather will be cloudy in the morning time but it will clear up in the afternoon.
2.
IBrn34l-k- 4 tl 3-4 S R U o l 4 4 4 594.
Gl3q %4-k-
On the Pulguk Temple, there are many places decorated with cloud-shaped carvings. 3. ~13 &@ I3 41 HE@@ Z%%41 -k4%zolS%2l%I t-t. Last Saturday, many people gathered on the elementary school playground.
3s
Characters; the Universe
61
This character calls to mind the experiment 1 done by Ben Franklin, who introduced proof ch6n of electricity to westerners. This he did when ELECTRICITY one cloudy day the kite, with the key at- LIGHTNING tachedTo it, drew sparks. The 13 S. 71 Korean kite's origin is traced to a general, Kim Yu-shin of the Shilla dynasty.
a a
iE%
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
I
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
s R 4-71
electricity
71% %
471 %q electrical engineering
+Q
e af3 ~JS)electric power
%@
%Fa'@$j$ 2J+t$,~1%
electronic microscope
2-a44 battery telephone
71 ki
1Z
kong
9 ;fTI +-i ry6k
~ J telegram x
E5& ~ G d_3$
MEANING AND SOUND
93 4512 7-1
PO
+ &#
hy6n ky6ng
& XI chi 29 &: Zt hwa
o
%$TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. Ail 01 ~FB2l.ln) ?gg&,g!41 71-4 z3gg.g E+t"j!+fl o\at+.
Because I have just moved, I have to go to the telephone office and request installation of a telephone. 2. me!g37l4 cl $ 4 3 ~ 1 e t 9 9 - ? Do you know where the public phone is? e 3. Z X E I A ( ~ * - q 3 ) ): q2+q g-g q ~ qq++ j 3.
62
Characters; the Universe
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
63
QQD 0 OCP 0
00,
%a
4
(s) .
This character was the combination of grains of rice (%) and steam or vapours curling and ki rising (B) Kore e is rice. &hen one AIR Another 10 S. philosophical meaning is "the movement of an 7 1 -$- 71 invisible substance. I3
This character was originally written siil means rain solidified, the component (3) SNOW represents the idea of sweeping with a broom made of pampas grass. The whole character 11 S. expresses the idea that snow covers the ground t3 in white as if it had swept away everything, 9, and means "snow.
(m)
.
3
(%+%I
HIGH,FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
s% Ada a landscape of snow; a snow-
"!
%a
,i % --
ky6ng
#*
scape
.
%@ vindication 3%A ~ % L sugar A$+-
sE
of one's honor
-Ef-+j @
yok
4%% cd-
tang
%
snowflakes
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
+ol $01
4 + B ~ O24 ] -t S Z o ] 4. Abundant snow
is the sign of a fruitful year; a snowy year, a rich year. 2.
%%$ BB* R A G 14 *F3rol4.
+ !2%
3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ( 4 ~ :~+7441 ) - Jji517)4 - ) 9 9 ; *%$% 201 @2J 1 9 4 Jj . Frost on the snow. (to make
matters worse) (++.6;t+) 4. ;)kas%
~j
$4 2%4 ~$-4) 4F7F+- 5.
vital force; vitality
7 1
feeling; sentiment; mood
f3 ryijk 4%% E pun 3
3 41
air; the atmosphere
971 7)
% 41 se
+ hu
71% t i !
93 kong A a in
popularity
A ) - ~
\L-
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
++ ~
F 4 qSE7)- ~J@sl+ 9 6 1 1X-J
A)-+
3%
I like to live in a place with the four seasons. 2. 2tiL BFq- -f 31 71 5%2014 ~1 OJ 4 n)-?
zz%
What place has clean air and a nice seascape? 3.
4.7\
A$&%+
#F@dJ7]
?
Who is the most popular actor in these days? 4.
: +%q
MEANING AND SOUND
1
; TT A%; OJ
Sugar is one of the important import items. 3.
-
$%%71 41 spirit; energy; vigor %1E 71 8 climate; weather c
1.
.g-d
Zit hwa
303 % YI che
%% A] ~2 snow removing
U
%&E&(71xJD4xJ)
: %E4-RTJoI +"b1-.
Complete exhaustion.
+d-ptQ+.
Characters; the Earth
2. &@
1
65
The Earth
The pictographs are suggestive enough; this is the shape of a group of three mountains. Mountain and water combine to form the concept "landscape" &).
(m
3 ~Shore )
3q
9 (an)
? (ku)
Hill
3 Water
3(SU)
41
san MOUNTAIN
3 S. Rad. 46
Mountain
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
(san)
LLI3 44 a mountain temple
3 3 ~t
w7Ka
3 7K
01 7)4-4-4 X T q s o l 51 32s Z 0 1 . Z s o l Eq 4 .rt s p l nq, ~ J irl slq SF. SF+$ 01 X S 901"-F %i3-l-~ POLIz 5). 3%d)t.F?/\ j g s p l L-lsT* sl-+"d Y-4 7171 4
4z-F a villa in a mountain
D s ~Jzd the top i@fD*+a mine
God said: Let the waters under heaven be gathered into
gl-45 - 4
one place and let the dry land appear; and it was so. God called the dry land earth and the gathering of the waters He called seas, and God saw that it was good. (Genesis 1 : 9-10)
%+ %-&@01 %+a\iY+j& ~ f +o] l af 4) 2 4 4 *A14 -3q E%\q ld 21 ~1 5SFAl 4-44 44 Wl4-
+
a picture exhibiting the scenery of a landscape
(dllEBi2 1 : 9-10)
MEANING AND SOUND
of a mountain
2%
sa su
+
hwa
7&%3 21 chang ~d +zl @ a chijng 3% $& 3 kwang
mountain climbing
+
LLl STAL a volcano
1)( S/ hwa TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
II
%\+p] 4. 4 a*d\x-l 4os S3\7141~j 9%$71 o\l-+Al %)A] 3. Ill ~t014) 4 3 A 1 3 ) ~ )aq & 4 S.11A1 e F 4 9 4 + 4 4 f5 R%s\q %S+q 4 5 0 1 2 7F.114 3 9 4 +-Ti 7\71 A ) Q ] ~ ]Jj ~ E 7 - 1 5%gl+%4. ($+E, Psalms 104 : 6 , 9-12)
I
3.s
3 01 q1. @ei%L4(zJ.q-44) : q 2.xol- Zgl40)5) ; o\+z] % zl-'rlF n o ] 4 : !3 01 A mountain is made of many tiny things. (Drop by drop fills the tub.) 2. S ~ O *4] iiF4 Z l - 2 el-4 a l l o ] ~ t + . Even though the great mountains are high, they are still under the heavens. 3. A I l l A E ( o J 4 o J ~ l ) : 4-$!-01dl+$ f 3 0 1 g o 1 POL AJoFEY.
at-)+ a.
i/"
66
Characters; the Earth
Pictorial Sino- Korean Characters
This is the shape of a river or waterfall. The pictorial quality of the ideograph is sufficiently suggestive of flowing fluid, or water.
This represents a bit of the earth, the vertical line being something that grows out thru the earth. (Genesis 2 : 6 ) (Job 33 : 6)
su WATER
4 S. Rad. 85
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
4 7 1 hydraulic power
7.kf3Ez
f
7.k*l] fz)
utilization of water
7 ' 3 @ @ f &f
EJ-
a hydrogen bomb
7k& 9 9 swimming 7kH ++ a canteen;
&q@ ++
AJ
MEANING AND SOUND 71
+ $% 71 ki
01 3%%I] 21 ri 8 ~ 2 %'@ % p'ok 9 9 & % yang 4 6 %j 5% t'ong g + % a pYy6ng
+
a water bottle
the horizon
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
3-41 ~3 % & 3 x x + + : 4 42 4 1 %J44-&qAyl.zf.G dl 2 6 ) ZAJ ~ %J;tt;F+ 3. One who has burned his
lips with broth blows on cold water. (Once bitten, twice shy) 2. CLl&7K& 4 8 9 4 : -lP W L @ % 4 4 4 Y-24. I have fought in the mountain and have fought in the sea: which means I have experienced all the world in my life time. 3. a t 4 4 1 &F%,~i"-F41 %F% ~ J % ~ t xoJ4. ~ o l
67
t'o SOIL EARTH
3 S. Rad. 32
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
kB
SzJ
an earthen pipe
&%
+_7]
earthenware
MEANING AND SOUND A ZJ * g
a kwan
3%$$$ 71
ki
f--S%Z+% product of the district 99 san &@ soil @ 2 yang & ~ F f i % @ rx)&+-4landownership % a XI chi 21
ks 44-
aboriginality; indigenous
++
5 1
ch'ak
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
E41+ 7 3 q 4 &# 25%??l+. Before the appearance of porcelain ware almost everyone used earthenware. 2. 7tZ)E.q zk.B@& E @ l $ $ z )e~o 1 4 . Kanghwa Island's local products are the floral pattern mattress and persimmons.
1.
?$2# z g o l 4.971
3.
+7t *%Ffi*@$Ei$od.;(1
O,FotLL4IsL.
Would you find out who has the landownership?
.r'
68
.A-
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
j L
Characters; the Earth
69
\u
-m
This is the farming field. In ancient times, it was a field partitioned into nine sections, in which one section's harvest was offered as the tax. It became adequate to show the drawing of a field of four plots "2 ;lr;! of land, with irrigation ditches all around the edges.
BI
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
mm*@
pastoral literature
z J % ~ j %country
@ffl "d
-4;
%
fields and gardens
;a%+$
life
FIELD 5 S. Rad. 102
g$
MEANING AND SOUND
m%/$4%paddy fields and dry fields fflm ZJa
You can see m representing "field" or "land," and or a "plough. " To nong plough the land is symbolical of agri- AGRICULTURE 13 S. culture.
chlin
04 Q %
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
&
tap
@3 @
won
J$!
%$hak
f$)%$@rm@&
!&
+A)
an oil field
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
$+ r x 1 ; %e;
I
fields)
2.
$64 3 53% an Agricul-
J$!${$@ +q3 the crops; I$$% ++ a farm I$!$$$ +$ a farm village
farm produce
3)%
3 ~t % El
sa
GP
a hy6p
3-4-71
tong
714 {$ 3 chak
~ 1 %% T4 c h a w 01% t;) s ch'on
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
9
3 9fQ-4. The land right in front of one's house. (fertile
"!. "4
farming
tural Cooperative Federation 1
4 941
MEANING AND SOUND
+$ agriculture
% saeng
a salt farm
1. P'J3s;ia4$(+3JQ3) : 4s
%
+A1
1.
k4-9 4 1
&t'F?&ol
72 q 4
4k%ol
3%f4 +2 B+1
* 24-
It is called a bumper year when the harvests from the fields are bountiful.
471 +1;]7jl-4 9x22 @$xGF431 %P t3Q412-1 63-992 4 44. When I retire, I will spend the rest of my life in
2.
the beautiful countryside rather than in the crowded city.
8 qO1
XI *% 4 CfE 71 $5 7-ll.te.r. 4 W 1 BE$ AM*
$lJB$i$o] 4. When tillage begins, other arts follow. The farmers therefore are the founders of human civilization. (D. Websler)
3. CJllq #i%41+ 1970 q7l-z) @ H o ] 294. Chuan in Inch6n had saltfarms until 1970. ;la
70
Characters; the Earth
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
This symbolizes shoots; the young stem-like growth arising from a plant. An example of this would be alfalfa sprouts or bean sprouts. Sprouts(") in the field(l3).
This denotes the shape of a fountain. The water of a spring is pwe. That condition is here represented by symbol for white, which is the uppermost half of the character only 0.
my0 SPROUT 9 S.
mqa
-B+
(
*
MEANING AND SOUND
&%'&aH-& 9%a sapling; a young tree +-I;-
-4-
,mE)B+l- a 'cc-\ I,$$@ 19%a \ /
rice nursery
3Ziq
a commercial nursery
#$& 3 ~description )
u]
13
5%45 the tea ceremony -lz)
3 "2
seedbed; a nursery
@$$Be +9*bZl
3%~4
an author
4 mok aF sang
& 9 ppln @
++ 941
2 4LT A
@& $-2J @& 3 23
E myo ,
'@%
4-4f 8 ct ta & % Xj ch6
97). : o)+
2s
$37 .
a%&,
* g o 1 g-g+ %Z)+ 9. No bud will burst from a roasted bean. (All hope is lost. ) 44-01
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
+ chong
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
1
SPRINGWATER
9 S.
jg
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS -ii-
ch'6n
71
2. 2231 71 ~ 1 - 9 k % E@41A-1 G6tA-1 &d "2 k 2 8 ,I@+. When young rice plants are transplanted from the seedbed to the ricepaddy it is called monaegi. 3. Lj%, %AFI 941+ @E&&7)@ST. There are many commercial nurseries in front of the East Gate in Seoul.
%2J
- ' _
MEANING AND SOUND
% .7
spring water
f su
a mineral spring
3% @ 8
a brine spring
&%
hot spring
@ $El
kwang y6m
4 ~ *E 9 E on 2%
the headspring
@ ' 3
won
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
9%44 : x)717b 5 5 1 3
x-]5 ~ X-11 $.I+ ~]"#i.;t~++ 3. A thirsty fellow digs a well. (Anyone in want should work out a plan to satisfy his desire.) 2. EA41L-1 -&@S)d E f l @ o l 21 s.SJ+. If YOU bathe in a hot spring, it is a treatment for skin disease. 3. [a)0) 4 % .$ggq~ ~ 1 0 J d@M41X l $01 94. This is a symbol of a hot spring. There are many hot 1.
+ ) g R)*o]
springs in Korea too. 4. %L~-\EfL-4 @ B e ] 4
9x1 6 ) t G ?
~7Jiq 0\
72
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
Characters; the Earth
73
3l0/f o@(o( pfq -
-
--
This suggests the shape of water running down, as in a stream. The three lines indicate the course of the stream's currents.
--
1 ,
L
---=
This depicts a picture of an islet, sandbank or delta in the middle of a river.
ch'6n
chu REGION STATE 6 S.
STREAM RIVER 3 S.
F
3%
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
111 @ 3q stream and valley 11% 3 9 river-fishing
1 4 3 a riverside 11I@2J rivers and lagoons l-4)11 hills and streams CLIIII@* 4 % ~natural + scenery A
J
~
MEANING AND SOUND
9 $$ 3 kok
4-92
El
71-
%!
3$
$$E!!
TY~P
E! py6n,, t'aek
4 l-4 bj san -3 @ 3 ch'o
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
LFTqkq- : A] F&K& PZiL +,F 9Qq-k9. The blind man blames the ditch. (It is useless to complain. ) 2. i%Lt.lAJll(iL~&q 2d) : %& m$ 3 E. High mountains and large rivers. 3. J l l R + , # , ( ~ + ~:4356) ) +lz) g x 3%. Continuous flow. 4. I-LIJII@B(~J~.~ 7) : 13%+ 3 .x*4 x 9 2 - 6 1 Nature's appearance has never changed. 1. k;d 61 MJ11
$a.
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
j'Ibl@F2 provinces and counties $113 $-3 established by the state
3%
d'l'lg f $
24
a national guardsman
$ l h 1 % ~44 *I the
governer of a state
"2 3
3
2 kun rip
3P
$0
Y ~ Z
XI chi
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. %!%!4& $lj~F4 $11 &R7) 94. In America, each state has its own government. 2. N!iYkb&4719 Z i ~ t 9 4 4 $4. The state college is hundred miles from here. 3.
944Sf S ZM#@ 4
+
$+XIJ~II@%
eJk-4.
The National Guard received special training for two weeks during the summer vacation season. 4. $H%S+
%I34011 43.9 &B&%83@33J4.
The governor announced a new educational policy in yesterday's newspaper.
74
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
Characters; the Earth
6
JAI,,
This picture represents a stone. The stone is located near a cliff. This is made use of as a radical.
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
6%efi-(4 6%
6.a
71 A1
4 the Stone Age
4A
5 S. Rad. 112
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
A{%4 4 a burn; kg $Ad Mars
LH tae rt% @B yyiim
-$ petroleum
J
71
~
+
% yu
3\+
% ~ , t9an t
6%24 % coal
6E#$ 31 9 limestone
21
AS
l L 6 3)4
This is the sign of rising flames or fire, as it evolved from a pictograph of a campfire. Like Heraclitus of ancient Greece, Eastern thought has long compared life's vicissitudes with the flame: from fire come Rad. 86 9 Zt ashes, and from ashes comes life anew.
s6k STONE
MEANING AND SOUND
rock salt A?
75
L]
&
and stone
%
2 9 mun
&Q
fossilization; petrifaction
kiim
If: St
hwa
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. Ad 43 xi 4q *+q 314 4 H&+z] +z.+ : %dl 71 611 711 DJ iiy 3. Kick a stone in anger, and you will
%*I
+
I
t-+*A {@ &k sang 3 a ~Gng
&z
q % O$
gunpowder
$% cremation q z q fire accident
SI hoe
inscription on bronze
a scald
MEANING AND SOUND
k%Rf&3\z4 X$
fire insurance
@
TJA~J)~
zq*& X
E
yak chang
% XH chae f% ~ H PO
I
I
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
F
1.
i
Fire accidents occur from cigarettes, short circuit or from careless usage of kerosene stoves. 2. @A@#+ -*4) -7- 21414 44 +kdl 4 - w A @ El 61) @Se1+. Fire drills are conducted twice a year and one is scheduled for next Tuesday. 3. M Z R A ( 9 + 4 3 k ) :$+x+ d,qg g + + ; q %%4+l % 01 M 13%. As clear as daylight.
L
A x + %g9614%BIZ,33 ~F4-4TEE8 603 47d.q.
+
hurt your own foot. (Quarreling does not pay.) 2. 47) 7) 41+ *] S o ] 2149 01 3 d, *] S-...... (%I] #:z 28 : 22) This stone which I have set as a pillar shall be God's house...... (Gen. 28 : 22)
.a
I
76
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
Characters; the Earth
m
rn
JL J L J C r
r
c
7t
This is a picture of a four way street. The ideograph is a crossroad. So, quite naturally, it has come to mean "walking" or "to go. "
PA
72 gj
4 1 %&,Fa s!
77
J g L JL J * l P 1Dr 7+r i k r
People are walking down the crossroad. ka So there are-foot prints ".( . 2 )z ~ l o n g t t ~ s t r e e t . STREET It appears to be a crossroad. 12 S.
haeng
.*-
WALKING TO GO 6 S.
714
71
I
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
MEANING AND SOUND
9)
ff% ~8 3 march fi%TE!l 3 HJ%"dissing; lost fig $I+!peddling; an itinerant
9%% % m y h g 8-4 i% &t sang
fih $9 pedestrian;
"1% A
-1-
TI-.']
a wayfarer
fi& J' 3 administration $f,fi-$-3 fashion; popularity
3 kun
L
i
& 5j 3%f i 5
ch6ng
1
2.
6 %4 ++ 9 - 7 1
1
4.
6 A + 472% 39 4 Egsq r;F.
0)
34 *z fiA+
4Jq 0)
5;F
When pedestrians cross a road they must be cautious and vehicles likewise must watch out for pedestrians. 3. fiajkE%%$%i&H4l r 3 44 F;1+. Administrative districts are well defined even on the city map. 4. El%&+ 4 4 +-€I -?-q q z q $7&@-% p&Al q 3 4.
72 jg
4-5-034 a soapbox oratory;
s i r 5 a road lamp
g@@i 71rf %@ 4-71
ryu
Night marches are very difficult because the way is not visible. 7
@$!@%
g@lB
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1,
g s 715 a highway a wayside speech
.,! in
k i i
MEANING AND SOUND
a roadside tree business section
Lii to
+
4 ~1 3 - tu 9 @ 2 y6n 72 @ i~ ro 4-7-4% %I-.')
e su
% &!
Sang
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. 471 q 4 T N J ~ ~f%j@&34] + 9% 834. When
election time rolls around, the candidates are enthusiastic in their speeches. 2. 4 % W 0 1 ] 4 %S%Eo] . 4 3 4 4 7? 271 4) t!Z$lJS!+. Even in the middle of a dark night, it is easy to find your way because the street lights are lit.
+*
3. @%&+
4 S41 ~1
z-+% uJ54 54.
T h e roadside trees make cool shade in summer.
78
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
der~ahf~h~rh,,.
9G H
This is a pictograph of a bird@), bending chi its wings and darting downwards to the _ ARRIVE earth and reaching it. (Z) is the modern form. '-MACH 6 S. "1 g XI Rad. 133
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
zq ~
1 %so far; up to now $,%BE71586 express mail
MEANING AND SOUND
01 241 +2
92 kiim ,%2 ktip
+61,?u
$A
21
$@ ~1
4 the
greatest possible
33 ~ 1 4devotion;
LH tae
@
Ej t6k
S
perfect virtue
g$!$ ~ 1 l Jthe highest
sA
good
sincerity
33 JJ
JJ
5 +-J s6n %
s6ng
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
2E$nFz1 z*Qwl
xj
gm;-+ 3x1 930-19.
.!
So far, I have had no reply from him yet. 2.
3,3@@4++a01~1 *p] +el t!y 2~1-1""--' 7 7 - +?4%014. L
Express mail is expensive, but delivered quickly. 3. 3 3 6 1 9 %X : sl-3% && %+ ~i 1& %+&q-. Sincerity moves heaven. (Heaven helps those who help themselves. )
+%
C 3
Characters; the Earth
The water (7K) flows down to the low land. T h e river must have a bridge. This character is the combination of ( 7 ) and (I)(. 7 ) is the transformation of (7JC) and (I) is shape of I beam. It represents a river.
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
of a river
a@,3 % a river breeze a$#7,FE rivers and lakes; scenery
kang RIVER
6 S.
MEANING AND SOUND
a@ 7k9 the south of river (..' h ; d ~ u ) ?Is riverside; riverbank ?xm7k4 rivers and mountains ?I#g7k8 the width
79
9 nam
\LF
71 3 Y 4
py6n
l-4ALt san
+- f-El % p'ok Z+
@, z p'ung *$$d 3 ho
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. tk%bllA-1
%-- 4
Lo1
fe :&0!7\?
Which river is the longest river in the world? Rivers and mountains may be easily changed, but human nature is changed with difficulty. 3. X j + q KZC41+ 4 ~ 1 7 ) 1874 24. There are eighteen bridges on the Han river in Seoul.
LL -2
80
,
' Ll %\%A@, Characters; the Earth
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
------. -----
-- -
81
- C I -
---
A Navy ship participates in the Team Spirit operation in Korea. This character is the combination of water ( j ) , people ( r )and the figure of the top view of a ship(@) . _ A sailo; salutes on the deck of ship. fil It means sea.
*)+
This character is originally represented as the open field or a flat land. There are a lot of trees growing. Later on, it became a village (Eli) or rural district.
hae SEA 10 S.
(@+El
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
-@@ 51 ft Navy
@sf 3-l Q disaster a t sea; ship wreck
2 ~ ) - 3 kun
4 11 9 gf 9 84 9 marine products 9%#j s a)% # Ql 4 overseas; abroad g@%ii.Y the open sea; international %%% 2 S
1
nan
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
\
B 8%
' e@ :o\D&
mu1
8s'
oe kong
\
territorial waters; a marine belt
9 L Y $fi 3
ry6ng
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
01 m 9 ) : 5s 7k-301 BF+ e)+% 2 f l g 3 4 . (@g$ 1 : 7) All the rivers run into the sea, yet the sea is not full. (Ecc. 1 : 7) 2. @f$@01 X0d 4 7)? DO you see the costline? 3. 4%zJ-4 4 @%d~@@@t%1980 4 4 1 WE%+. I graduated from the Korean Naval Academy which is in Chinhae in 1980. 1. I
,
I .3 4 7F-4
,
u&
\
.
MEANING AND SOUND
baseball a. party out of power
barbarism; savageness ambition; aspiration
b\nd.
Bg 0102
military encampment; bivouac
%$!f
field (of endeavor)
waters
$a$$9 4
i FIELD
s o )
I
%%?ku
+ ~ l -1 3 tang
a*-d-i.q @ 2 man dI-3 g 3 maw ;d 02 3
y6ng
4-k % Z pun
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1.
BH4 9% BBBI-s @%A@414 Z+B+
73
+%+.
Korea's little league baseball team won the little league world series three years in the row.
+
,@!ZWl %+%+ B&E.Y+ 3&']++2]
%z)+. Garden flowers are not as fragrant a s the flowers of the field. 3. Q 4 gg$ll@ 4 5 - g 39% %+. I gaind a lot of experience from the bivouac last summer. 2.
+
82
Piclorial Sino-Korean Characters
l n r
Characters: the Earth
I
83
ir-ir
Originally, it was designed t o represent eight ch6ng square lots of fields, divided among eight families, reserving the middle square for pubWELL lic use, and digging a well in it. T h e well 4 S. is represented by a dot. Elim, where were +S twelve wells of water. (Ex. 15 : 27)
The boy raced on a hurdle track. ( k ) originally means a mound but looks like a flag. This character represents a ground.
ryuk; yuk
a
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
#BEY #7k
MEANING AND SOUND
73 73 a checker square 33 $. well water zd xJH] the nine-square system
$u
4-01 f ~3'1 a kan 5 7K + su 9 E $1 Xi1 che
a town street
@#-+x~ oil
x# a x d
well
ceiling
fi A1 71 -$ fb G
xj4-
%?-$
a
A@ ~ f l + - continent; mainland shi
@@ 01 f
49 $@ 21
yu
%@
ch'6n
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1.
(9723.3
:
@@$-+z a footbridge;
MEANING AND SOUND
4 ~ @$ 1 iil kyo 2-4- 2 kun 72 % s ro s LH tae
of dividing the land
fi# A] 33
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
+3+ 44.
One who is thirsty, makes a fountain. 2. #kJ&2&(zd3jx1+) : -%+it0J 7fl7-cl. A frog in the well. (He did not know the ouside world. ) 3. (7k73472) : %%+ +g+ q-+ +*x+ 3 x 4 q-s 4. The well that has tasty water runs dry before the other wells because people drink only from that well.
@q
4+?
@@
a overpass
Army; the land forces land route take-off; leaving the ground
4%landing
gik
ri
Z/ ch'ak
1. 4 @% %dl -I;+ & E 0 1 ?l-%Llnt? What kind of store is in front of that overpass. 2. +&;S%F@S + % 4 - ~ F ~ F 4%@%dl Aka+. I joined the U. S. Army as soon as I graduated from high school. 3. %A@+ 441 f 7F S.$H3!lo-l Q? Who and when discovered America? 4. 4J7fl 7) y&*l 771 4 $_ZZ&q$jfk$@Eo] 4 2 4. If it is very foggy it is difficult for aircraft to land and take off.
84
Pzctorzal Sino-Korean Characters
Characters; the Earth
One sunny d a y ( H ) a widow came to visit the cemetery, in memorium of her husband. In front of the grave there is a cross(+) which is the figure of the soil (k). It means a grave.
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
g@# Be] g;fi g% 3.11 _g_Aj
GRAVE 14 S.
MEANING AND SOUND
Q-Z a grave mark; a grave post
a tombstone; a gravestone
9
t%! 3 P'YO @
dl"!
H I pi
a gravestone
6 4 siik
a memorial service held before A1x)-
?$$ Xi1
che
41~)-$E!
the grave
ga 3-4 burial ground; grave yard %g %9a grave; a tomb
AIsa $- & XI!chi l
-I;G~
%2
pun
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
+
1. +$dl $31 $5 41 4 5 71 8 0 1 c). Hark from the tombs a doleful sound. (Issac Watts) 2. @%+--44 2 4 4 4 01 O ) - ~ C Lq2-1 7LF 8 01 q. T h e buried are not lost, but gone before. (Ebnezer Elliott) 3.
B@k W541 nl-02q4 -1Jq +&
4.
a,*\Eldl t B3w1
47). %+. I can not read the tombstone because it has been eroded away.
71-k 4-$-Sol
%+4 4.
When men find a good place to build a house or are placed in the open field, they prefer the sunny side. This character is represented by the sun(El) and s
my0
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
%%$0&qL %@ o&+
SUN
MEANING AND SOUND
~d74%!j
solar calendar
34
8 61%
%a 02x1 the sunny side ---,
Oisun
_-._ .------.*-'---
yang
relief; embossed carving
---__. _---
------
85
t$
5
kak
@
ry6k
1'% ? Xt &!?, XI A EH
s6ng cha chi t'ae
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. B+
44 E. %$ 9x1 3 4 ~4 7)- x]E.+ i-+g31 2cL.
(41
dl&& 4 : 26) When you a r e angry, do not commit on sin; do not remain angry until sundown. (Ephesian 4 : 26) 2. 84 9 9 0 1 %-%-8fl 2 d 01 q. (Q?i-!B 3 : 15) T h e sun and moon will grow dark. (Joel 3 : 15)
B%41 Ef5Xt.f @$IJS\+.
In agriculture the lunar calendar is more convenient than the solar calendar. 4. B%@%%@ 7J %) : +x] 7)- OJZ] 3 3*q. 3.
86
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
One sunny day ( 8 ) a camper pitches a tent on the camp ground (+). The tent is made of strong cloth (a). It means curtain, hut.
3.
w*
I++
Tree
Trees
'
mak CURTAIN
14 S.
47.. q
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
%Bw!
q7J interval between acts or scenes
%% Df-xF barrack ",FTbehind the curtain
% & q4 the opening X835~ a tent 7
MEANING AND SOUND
401
B!E
7,c kan
& 4 shik 4 & AI sa 71 f& P hu
ceremony
7H
%I$X
kae
a ch96n
m% 441q the falling of the curtain
%%
%%% %9 concealed
4 % % Sg hGk
circumstances
FA
41 p'ye
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. %~BY% $dH3l4 zJ~1 E g q 2$$+ ZZ] &+4 4. I'd like to make an announcement during the interval time. 2. 1$+%?if301 4 -lnF % go11 A-1 94. He lives in the barrack because he is single. 3. 4 g $kg41 78?477Fd 4-4 *4, I bought a tent in order to go camping this summer.
xsg
Z (mok)
9 Leaf
314 Fruit
$3(yap)
21 (k w a)
4 Bamboo 2 (chuk)
~14kl017t;l-r~F473--& 34- $1 d t %%* 8# @%dx $1 7)7J g u l l 3t %*+ 451 4-44 3 4 3 4 4 73-01 $4- 8# @%dl s *1 d t %%:,sF 8# I % 4 r $1 77F7.J %ufl 9! t I++ 9 4 4 $ 4 d q 2x1714 %%~jz).xjq01 514 0)%61 344 01 + 41 4 301 4 51. (filJEZ12 1 : 11-13) God said: Let the earth produce vegetation, various kinds of seed-bearing herbs and fruit-bearing trees with their respective seeds in the fruit upon the earth; and i t was so. The earth produced vegetation, various kinds of seed-bearing herbs and fruit-bearing trees with their respective seeds in the fruit, and God saw that it was good. There was evening and there was morning, a third day. (Genesis 1 : 11-13)
A 1 Lq.(?*El,Psalms
4 92 : 12)
1
@3?**01
@R%Fzl
*"
88
89
Characters; Trees
Ptctorial Sztro Korean Characters
Q, YK X H
a*I.l
The top part represents branches and the bottom part roots. Hence, tree or wood, in general usage.
The plural of tree (*) . Double trees-hence grove.
mok
rim; im GROVE
TREE WOOD 4 S.
8 S.
Rad. 75
HIG
FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
*$+% ____-.+.' 3-n)
*~ E* +
carpentry
-+d trees and stones 8 4 timber (Rd? 74
a great tree
#% 9 ~k $
%$1S kong 9 lE 01 ma
z$-oJ
a wooden horse
P i 2 3
5 zlj 5-
@# +i3d
XI chae
/r$$#
3 E 3 1 k 6
a++
I
/
i
1B t I
a
I.
4194% 6-1 9 4 %%q *tcF28 54 5%4.When Jesus was a child, he helped his father with his carpentry business.
8 0)
forestry
"-?.
% a GP
mountain and forest
9-1 l-LJ
ya
Q san
&+-I;-@ 8 song
a pine tree forest
44-7-rf!'
q 2 bamboo forest
3 chuk
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. 4+7) LE4 ~14 :!1o1 ~)'1-F2Jdr. When the tree falls, there is no shade. ?. 9 1 ++*z) 41 A j -l&-++ : 941 A1 qf&QJ+ %I33 9 % 9%47) *$-&A] 9.Meeting an enemy on a single log-bridge. 3. 42 4 6-1 -lJ d 4 XI - = 47 & 4. Ten strokes, and any tree will fall. (repetition and continuity)
-%
forest and field
iw++d 04
6 4 s6k $f
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
MEANING AND SOUND
1.
,
+,
5 q H h ("4 df 440 DL, 14-@414
84 LA+"J)
R
71 1
~ ~ 100 LA ~ o ~ ~~ Bq~O I ~ 9.Ten years to cultivate trees, but a hundred to groom
$
people; a long term plan for fostering talent: the difficulty of nurturing talent.
2. #%+ z])~] Lf @@+qO~S@] @+. i,
: 47-k 10
Forestry has a lot of
relations with construction and paper manufacture. 3. @# 7]-n)o] 34 i?isi5;t+ 30 + 1-dq. They say that if you live close to a pine forest you will live long life.
90
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
Characters; Trees
This character indicates a forest, using more than two trees to denote a forest.
sam FOREST 1 2 S.
This character is formed from grass(+), a generation(E), and a tree (*) ; leaves are upon the tree (now R). It means leaves.
94.1 $3
HIGH FREQUENCY COMFOUNDS
%%%$?$? x,F~ie,F+!-
%$$ %% $%& 49 A
J
~
MEANING AND SOUND
all things in nature
a forest; a wood woody; bosky
@ , 21 ra ~ U .,F J a man ++ $$ rim 3%
AJ
$@
422
solemnity; graveness
sang am
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
e ~ ]4
$$%&@-& ZLSZ) 4-61 St+. When night falls, all
things of nature go to sleep silently. 2.
01 +tq 4 s+ &$#+4l $4
;($
a+ a 5 0 1
~$4.
Among the houses in this area there are many that are hidden in the woods. 3. E B * ] %3Zbr,Ej A@. Sg7F &&z)t+. When guests of the state come to visit, security is very tight. 4. 3 Ball4 4. The palm leaves are the symbol of victory.
++
+
Y ~ P LEAF 13 S.
:
4.554 4
F
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
-I-= ~3&
%$&g q-?& chlorophyll
@ & a postcard
5
%@ 4 a brass coin %@ $3 (leaf) tobacco
%-as,
17~ M0 3defoliation;
(3%
0
91
€
a needle-shaped leaf I
t
rok
Ad s6
@
5
fallen leaves
f
a
ch6n
3 ch'o
%q+l 3 HE?$f b
rak ch'im
?~'I'~A CONVERSATIONAL L USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. 9@7l*s ] 4 . i i G a l g.qxJt+. The deep red leaves fall down from the tree. Last weekend, I sent a postcard to my younger brother. 3. @@Jo] 51% 2-& 33@3$7) 271 d)+)+. The plants are green because they have chlorophyll in them. 4. 01 $fS@#biz%%4-4-. This area is famous for its coniferous forests.
92
/
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
Just as today man rides cars, and not long ago mounted horses, so man in ancient times cli es. Zaccheus and a sycamore tree. -4)
Characters; Trees
Represented by a man taking a rest under a tree. This character means "to rest."
siing
93
hyu REST
TO RIDE TO MOUNT
k
4 > 4''
6 S.
1
2
9 S.
(%+%)
FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
3 ,,
74
?&$N+u)
L
MEANING AND SOUND
a passenger
+
horse riding
9 ,% at
3EgR
a crewman
?@@%+2)?J a railroad ticket @ ' !% getting a lift; a hitchhike
9%Tk+
a shared ride; riding together
4
kaek
ma %+%?mu
@ 4% f F2 & 5%)
Xt ch'a
p'y6n hap
#@ W7F a
#%
Z@q %%% %4]+ Aq&50] $4. Among the passengers on the Seoul-Inch'iin electric train there are many college students.
2.
9% E
~ Z
t8%)+%%%+ !$j,%Ez)-z 94. Policemen
who work while riding horses are called mounted policemen. 3. %BB%(SSzk7) : *F841 01 7J R % S ~1-12-7-1 4 4 $01 4 -+l;ZJ t 2. Making long march flushed with victories. a. ai.E&$ ( + k ~ f ) : 9%01 %%I.$ ED&@. A flight a t night.
4% @
vacation
477k giving no lecture
501
%%!s W41 4 a rest room @A$. &Y
&3&7J
rest; relaxation
l,r:vr
.-;@
f"
suspension of power gupply
#%{@& WzJzi~$ a +d_gzd
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. g.tfb7
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
treaty of armistice
a ceasefire agreement
$
$2 $9 7J71
71 ka
% 3 kang
! .Al
ke
%a %a
ch6n
,e,4 shik ch6n
£9 ti&EI~ Y G P 4 ch6ng
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
A@&+q
d] 55%
~ J 3 4P%E ##i$q9 q. Demonstration
of the students made the cancellation of all classes.
+
% ~ l - + 3 2 4 4-71 4 %614, #,'i3sI-k4 -S Wl-71 4%*1 4. (SYLD] ~ Z PWe ) sleep to get up, and we rest to work. BH+ %PFI'JQ %Zq4 G. I have a glan to 3. ;c-l .t +#%bJ
2.
visit my home country during the annual leave.
94
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
Characters; Trees
Fruit trees(*) grow in the backyard. When it's harvest time, a left hand holds a e b r a s h while the right hand ~ i c k soff a fruit. It means generally "to take up," "to adopt," and "to collect."
visible sign of prohibition.
95
ch'ae TO PICK
11 S,
4 ill
I
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
%,&
ss
3-71
-%'& 'k4
MEANING AND SOUND
,e
43 53
taboo a proscribed book
a fast; observing a fast
%-4prohibition of smoking %%!&&%++Fq asceticism %I@
* 4- f+ removal of a ban %XZ
A{ s6
f% 4 471 I@ a UJ
.
71 ki
shik
1 I I
++ f& G yok
:
9
5s
t
f% 4 hae
1. oJr41Y t a(sa SPY~r fiR41 3x1 %Q+. B e ~ i i s ~ ~ c oare w ssacred in India, even if they wander around downtown one can't capture at will.
eg
I
y6n
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE;.
-i? %$1;4\ 4 Eli- 8 %o$- 31371 51534. Jesus fasted and prayed for fourty days in the wilderness. 3. ,S*%k(+;iFS4) : ;its4 4 f-XI 4 4 a.No parking. 4. 4& 3E B R 4 1 4 4 4*+r %TI-. Shooting is prohibited within the precincts of the temple. 2. 41
I
I
i
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPONDS
B@& @mining
%x@ %a
34
2 4 3
MEANING AND SOUND
4% % 3! kwang
%% a skylight; a dormer digging; mining
%% 54 4- acceptance; adoption @%&5fl JJ grading; marking %$f$21) 4 collecting %@ 34 choice; selection
8
%$
9
%
cch'ang
S kul
9 H 8 yong ~2 %& a ch6m x-$ chip 7F3 @ Elj t'aek
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. -2%%$E% 9-51 2 4 ~ l - 0 1 &%4 4. Insect collecting is my second son's hobby. 2. 4k -Z-%flAj 9-3XA71S %fT%q. I started to collect stamps through pen pals. 3. a ; F W GBEi 4% A l T - t 3 4 4-W-l 294. Korea's civil service examinations started from the Koryii dynasty.
am
96
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
Characters; Trees
**&,
+
97
*.
This character was represented by the leaves of bamboo. This is made use of as a radical.
chuk BAMBOO
6 S. Rad. 118
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
@% +771
bamboo ware
@% ?i+l a ?nF
MEANING AND SOUND 2%
'??*A a Dutch wife @#@?A1 I% bamboo work %% +7ebamboo shoots[sprouts] /C.5-% P%bamboo spear ?+bJ
71 ki
+$ # a rim
bamboo thicket
a bamboo horse
#
,% ~t ma 4 4 4 4 35 F PU 9
+oJ
1% kong
q+ %
8 + sun @ a ch'ang
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
fiB+
el 7F & +4l
34 XI-$+.
Bamboo shoots grow fast after rain. 2.
Bamboos A black-and-white painting by Rev. Jong-bok Kim, author's brother
PSI"d B&314+4 4-F-7F $ 4 . ~ l - * i L 34.
Our garden has many bamboo trees growing. 3. 49,%2E(+nF31+): %pl-9 4-3 3 ;4 3
4-?-~4 201
-24 4-33 . %-S&E(=+l-~+-). A childhood friend; the friendship of bamboo horse.
98
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
Characters; Trees
A tree enclosed in something can not grow, and is, therefore, troubled or suffered.
%$a fix; a crisis
2i~ hardships; privation
a% 2% poverty; destitution m% %$
difficulty; trouble
%@ V t shortage; indigence
@m 31F exhaustion; tiredness
MEANING AND SOUND
~ 1 4@ 3 kyijng 4 ~ ~ k~ o
%% % 2 443 7F32
$% k!
3 1+%
@ nl
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
g% oj % glory g B 4 4) honor
3
a pin p'i
4% RWZFAl22
p!+x
nobility and glory
75 @$ ~JAJ E Z.
a ch6n
%9 @
p6n
S chon
%$&Bs(9 xAJ &] ) : Rise and fall, prosperity and decline. 2. (+a9 3\) : Riches, honour and splendour. 3. %& gq 4F71 r @#2 %+33014. (Arthur Coxe) 1.
+
+.EAlLE ~ L s q - .
Poverty makes you sad as well as wise. (B. Brecht) 3. SB3YcF7I- 7Fkbll71+ 3 x4 7)*3!l.+7) +-%-4l~l+ 3 01 4 54, Riches come better after poverty than poverty after riches. (John Ray)
@% $9
prosperity; welfare
3
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
BW1 34-33441 &5WL*. 1 7 ) L)bll A1 R % q FGZ4 3 -% f 4 4 SF. When you fall on hard times, call to God, 7)*$
a promotional transfer
o j TJ
then he will comfort you and give you a light of hope.
2.
%@$ g%
3 kwang
@ a1 ye 3 q (3PI wi
71
high position; an eminent position
nan
MEANING AND SOUND
2
9 +l a
kung
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1.
Y ~ Z HONOUR GLORY 14 S.
(%3*>
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
@%2 4
The figure of a flower tree(*) which looks like a flame(A) expresses the meaning, flower bloom like a burning flame, glory and prosperity.
kon DISTRESS TO SUFFER 7 S.
99
, I
Flowers are words which even a babe may understand. 4.
s%qE m -&%tq %%+ #i@fi%-4 4.
I pray for your successful business and prosperity of your company.
Characters; Birds and Fish
4.
,%%%
~ 4 % Birds and Fish
This character is the graphic representation of a common bird. This is made use of as a radical.
,
101
# L 4 E I3 ffi 41 d] Swallow
~9 Bird
~ f lBird
+z7]Fish
E! ( Y W
9 (ch' u)
35 (cho)
@I( 6 )
+ 4 k I 6 1 7I-5PF4 3+-% *@s %&a1 gF* 9 4 sF+q gall -t 4 7F 3251 -FH $ 4 4 01 9 -%37lsF3 0119 %&sk
=
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS ~ 7 & 5 a
I(\
s
4 +-+I+ P-Zw+2 a w z , 9 7 1 1 9~ PS ~4s2 @%4s. %U%%F4 4 -ll-LFdq MI 714 %%4t+. i5b-l-q61 ZZ. 541 A1 a-9+-l 7FG44 &BzF.zr %@vI-q 4 4 -4-4*611 % %-lFG 4 er W1 Sf %I-* 344 4~4 01 4 4 6FJ; "1 4 01 -k 44 4 9014 %I. (BJf&Zt!, Gen. 1 : 20-23) gq +AS DL+ n s 3 4-1 A] i~&#J+ =z. 9 4 +! 35s &*4- 53S614 $+4 ~ 9 s F~F4-4 E4- %%ql 4 4 k 3 01 4 01 4. (Sf#$8 : 6-8)
*.
+
You have put him charge of everything you made; everything is put under his authority: all sheep and oxen, and wild animals too, the birds and fish, and all the life in the sea. (Psalms 8 : 6-81
bird's-eye view
,%@
3%a cage
gH
3iq
birds; fowls
,&#
ED&
a fowling net
4
*
a,%0-I
E a beneficial bird
cho BIRD 11 S. Rad. 196
MEANING AND SOUND
%-
@ a kam
4 2%- g rong ~4 % E ryu 3%@ 3 mang 61 3% 0-I ik
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. 8 ~ f l 7 )B J $ $ ~ + ZL* ~ 1 4 7 ) x l %f$+ : 4-7171 W-4.4%
ZZ.4IL 7.1 4%7F961 3 4k 3. * A sparrow does not skim over a rice mill. 3 % 441 5 2. ZZ.3611 s 4 : 61 ~1 4-3 5 6 1 4 q 3 4 3 01 g. A bird in the net. (dangerous situation) 3. 4 S @%% + ~ 1 4+-l &am+ $b%@l 2%4. Mr. Park drew the bird's-eye view picture of our company which we will be building. 4 ; q81 4 4% 4%. 4. ,@E2~fn(x97\ 9) : ~ f t!!q l (tiny things) Blood on the bird leg. .YiL
+
f
102
Characters; Birds and Fish
Pictorial Sino- Korean Characters
It is a symmetrical pictograph of the swallow bound for the northern h e m i s n h e r e m which is always a welcome sight in spring. The swallow is flying across the waters with a stalk (-) of grass(+.) in its
The phoenix was represented by its tail (G). In the religion of ancient Egypt, the phoenix represented the sun, which dies a t night and is reborn in the morning. It is a legendary bird.
yiin SWALLOW 16 S.
103
pong PHOENIX 14 S.
I
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
%% 9D4 oats 4.1
+- tuxedo
.
MEANING AND SOUND XS]
,
7
%!if$ 4k a swallow's nest
%% 4%? swallows and 4x1
sparrows
rouge and powder
@
ME S $44 % ff
pok
HZ!$!3 4
SO
Hlhx
34 @$ chak 471 @k $3 y6n
+ t r nigi+ 7,~4 : +-;z-F*)-EE. q q+ 4 %4+3. Though small, a swallow may travel to southern PO&+
China. (Even a small creature has its own speciality.) 2. A1 ~15$ @R3 3 8 41 4Jj The swallows 41 Eigi come to Korea in March and go to Kangnam in September. 3. A 1 4 3 D l 4 % 4 514 ~ q-&*1 & a$ *I-44. One swallow does not make a summer. i. %
7k45 %%$ 4531 %EN3q-4 g* E%slok %+.
We hav to order five tuxedos for the wedding this fall.
7
3 4 the royal carriage
maek
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION.
I. 41 4-
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
a pineapple
+AJ$
EB +3&
a garden balsam
a Chinese phoenix
MEANING AND SOUND
% f E)-t +dl 9 rydn ~ 4 ?$4 ! ZI~ri
x
3 3 hwa +q~fl hwang
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
%EN@
3%): 201a t ? %& &&%
7)s) 71
+ 3.
Food that tastes very good. 2. @ M d l J j t 81% s g,@ $rp@SGdL A B k & 7.J %4*1 51 D)+ xdqq 2r 4.') 44, In Korea the high school baseball game called the Phoenix Flag competition is carried out throughout the entire country every year. 3. 1 R E % 4 x 4 *%+A1 $61 34 4 4 01 4. "The garden balsam grown under the fence" is sung as one of the Korea's famous folk songs.
+
4. 13 ~ 5 4-141 t
REP4
+7F
sot-4 94.
104
Characters; Birds and Fish
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
This picture shows a flying duck. I t resembles the modern space shuttle. This is made use of as a radical.
-
--
This character indicates clearly three birds in a nest on a tree.
pi
11 S.
9 S. Rad. 183
I
-'
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
01 bit
* -\.I
a flying jump 83 71
*fie
d*) d]
an airplane a pilot
sj% an airfield
%fi+R dl 3 S$
a squadron (air force)
@%
a great leap
44
MEANING AND SOUND
*
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
@ O$ yak 72 f i a haeng 8 % 71 ki
&% ~ 5 %a den; a haunt @g.k?Jvirgin honey
~ J d 1 % A t sa p F 9 % &! c h a w 7)+4 119 chung 41 EH tae +d % S ung
lives in a tree
9
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: & t
1.
so NEST
T O FLY
f,
@mq Z S @ % 4 AJxi -g %eBg ' 9%01' q-3. 01 ---4 -1%4. The Korean philologist Ch'oe Hy6n-bae called the
airplane nalt'iil (flying machine). 2. ,%%%A% ( 2 4 01 : ~)q-?l94 4 3 4 44- ; 5% 9% 4 qi3)x)p)zF 3 0 1 4 7J4k Q o ] 4. The crow flies and a t once a pear falls. (coincidental situation)
105
-&x&H ancient Chinese hermit, /\
< r4
I
@-Akg
a nesting hole
8% 4 k homing
I
+
:,a&+ ~h a bird's nest
MEANING AND SOUND
@ ,
S kul
-$i
a
3 who
5 pu
o)a]
27)q ~ 1 2 J 2
7~2 ZeF3
mil
8
Y po
hy61 71 kwi
4 ,% E
tho
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. oj +-rg o 1
93 E.FISZ3.53 3 0 1 9 0 4 A 3 k 4 zl 5
The 3.f-r~ k * .
fox has a den, and birds have nests but the Son of man has no place to lay his head. 2. %2E$& Fp7$$S)~ Z m g 7 K 7 ) 41 b ) d ~ + ? Isn't this the famous place where So Po and H6 Yu had their conversation? 3. +mq &%k 71 53 @kg$$c)x %)% ~1
PII %4- 2-g 4 0 1 $4.
106
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
I
-e& -0
7Q:
These are the long feathers of the wings of birds. The modern character still retains the outline of its original form.
107
Characters; Birds and Fish
(a) (a).
One sunny day which was a w _ u ( B H ) , a baby bird tried to fly by flapping its wings I t should mount up with wings as an eagle. (Isaiah 40 : 31)
u FEATHERS 6 S. Rad. 124
04 a J
-.
siip STUDY PRACTICE
11 S.
&
I
.
i
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
a?&+-aa crest
MEANING AND SOUND
2 % a kwan
aei+-Xa feather I
+Ad
the fan made of feather
a& +-q a robe of feather &%
+e_l
E$
s6n
A j2 01 iii
the right wing
, , PknL + 71A
4 0) *0)7J4 :
2
5-q-g-
4 LF4 9 A d 2 f 24+ 3. Birds take off after d i n i n g strength in their feathers. (Preparation goes before the execution of any business. ) 2.
4 54- 421 41 4
zsa14-33l-4%S*% 415%4-~1$4.
@B.,
+
&g g+g- 5011 9x1 $01, I.1? ~l-01 2-g 3. Zl%X n L 5 q 3 4. Among the items in daily use made of feathers are feather dusters, neckties, etc.
A @
practice; drill
\ ~ gstudy;
27)
61 eJ
tiik
Xt cha
3 &!. #$! a
9 ~fl+ @
learning
kwan
kang
ry~n Z! hak
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. Rgj* &rn %- 7)%- %$ &m4. Practice is the best of all instructors. (P. Syrus) 2. mEq
O ok7F4 %ET 7
L
+;-O?o]
"' " 4 aa-g%+l] +;-O?%l-GI
A-
zk. For physical training is of a little benefit, but godliness
When we say left wing in party politics, it represents the communistic parties. 3.
4 +Q 'B a 02% @ 5
g q =$x\ calligraphy; penmanship %g @ 7ke31 an institute;a short course 64
36)*XI
habit; a custom
++ acquirement; learning
"+
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. J +
alB%x$ a
2 % ~ m o
+%fl
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
is profitable for all things. (1 Tim. 4 : 8) 3.
RB+ h8s'l!k%q44% %B%oIt.f.
Custom is the great guide of human life. 4. A] 2 4 X#O]4.Habit is second nature.
I08
1
vE
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
.db
46>,,,
H
This was eventually contracted to (g) : ab&d chip (E) on a tree (*). A gathering of birds may have created the character for "assembly" ASSEMBLY but as the saying goes, a gathering of TO GATHER 12 S. mosquitoes can create a noise like thunder. ,
This character, indicating a bird ($) sitting on a man's hand(X), means one or single ; .-and is uied as a counting unit for boats, vessels, ships and an odd one of a pair.
ch'6k SINGLE ONE
10 S.
Z+
"'
L-
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
szt 4
3 1
%@' 2 4
~9
Q tan
2%
4 chip
* + +
assembly; a meeting
x% $$
S I hoe
+ll.E2an
enlistment; recruitment
P+
P mo
q + $@
a p'y6n
bloc
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
+x
MEANING AND SOUND
st #I kye
4 4 editing; compilation
1.
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
49
41 totalization
$f$@ 43 a group; a mass; 49 concentration .%$$:4
MEANING AND SOUND
109
Characters; Birds and Fish
%%+ +W3t44 &%%+.
%\*I
Stamp collecting was my hobby in middle school days.
gs 4 4
9%&@ 71 ki
only one mounted soldier
&= L
@@ 3 04
unrequited love
A\%
@
shin
OH ae
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
I.
2;
Unfortunately, 2.
01
,'c\"J4
t&& +. his arm was ESt during the Korean war.
r SH&PG7\ %%'$ 3
---fi2plL;
I9
_ - '
4-@+ BmoI%i=+.
One of the Israel's leaders had only one eye. T h e advertisements for student enrollments are in a lot of the January and Februrary newspapers. 3. 2.2 El TI]%% %@!E*s 30 4 $371 4 -24 JJ~] 4. He is an expert a t editing, because he worked for 30 years as editor in chief of a monthly magazine.
su
3. R5i4 3 B ~ 1*F#& 4 4 3 4-4-3 4. One sailboat disappeared beyond the horizon. 4. Eg9 R R A a + 44-%01~D. "I-sLFi=+. Modern people call ch'6k-ae tchaksarang. 5. B %BE (4$4 ~ 1 :) A very small sum of money.
11 0
-
Characters; Birds and Fish
Pictorial Sino- Korean Characters
11 1
eg2qjifq --_-__ ssang
This character indicates a g a i r --of - birds (w) sitting on a man's hand(77,). It means . --a palr or a couple. -*--
PAIR 18 S. ,.pH
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
MEANING AND SOUND
!$!g+-ti-(*]) twins gfj +H& both parties %% + g twin graves
!!!!!*%f.
both hands
!!@a&9 9 4 a binocular !!@%?)?$
a double-leaf window
Q ~ Q Ig P
+%
s tong
3 % pang
+ pun
aL * + s u
+ @ 9 a n ?$
%B
ch'ang
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
+cl 3lEq
%!Sol
+ % 2%5$% :.+4.
T h e twins in our class wear the same clothes everyday. 2. Pzl-14 58 st97Foil 47F4 2 7 V # 3 4 -1@% %&B2 iz .7-4%4. We often go to the beach and watch the movement of whales and seals through binoculars. 3. 3]3%011"I-+- 4 - 9 f o l @k nfe f l ~ j-tI*...f. I am glad that the people, who fought last week, apologize to each other.
This character is made up of--"move" .- " " - (L),andchin "a birdy'(@). When birds "move," they always fly forward, never backward. So the character ADVANCE means "advance and entry." An orderly ENTRY 12 S. movement encouraged by the 4-0l-72a proverb: he who sows not in advance loses ground.
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
%#! Z J an ~ advance; an attack %@-~ J sa course; a route %$ ~ J xprogress; advance %@ zJq entrance into a school
3@
kyiik
%s 4%-?9!ii 7J
of.
higher grade
JJS\ evolution
%g
FxJ propulsion; pushing forward
PO
~ 4 %@ 3 hak
I
g/k
ro
{k
St hwa
3 @
+ ch'u
SkQ
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. &ISrtBol 2 %!kc41 711 %%&f 31 f o-1 14 @3%i01 9 ' 34. President Kim offered a scholarship to the student, opening the door to his higher education. 2. @iks$++ t-)-%q+41+] C)ZE 2J 9 4 . Evolutionists are what we call descendants of Charles Darwin. 3. (xJ+1o,tL+) : Q2x =.o\aF 45 3 -11. 2 4 4 45 g.1 %?eF%& f a+ @&bJl A dilemma.
~~~~
mka,
11 2
Characters: Birds and Fish
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
gg@Bpi ----
This character represents -a flying up , toward the sky disappearing from sight, as if " becoming nonexistent. It is used to express 'a negative meaning.
-
pul, pu NOT NEGATIVE
MEANING AND SOUND
tB -F -qRj@ $7)+7 impossibility 4%% 5%$4 uncleanliness Fg$$,$4 71 hard times; depression; 7 )4
fiE k n ~ n g B 3 ky61 %. 71 ki
slackness; a slump
$3 %
$++j unfairness
T#j,WIJs + q irregularity TB ++ injustice +z)+
lack of freedom
q @ pp'y6ng
YI %! i? fedu & ~ l98
~ Y U
~ d tang .
& 8 YU
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1'
2J01 4 Xi+ 521 4 . 1 fl\ A-1 $4 Q 2x4 7-1
1. +g7;~yj(+s]$+j) :~
T
; 7)nl-8 d1~-14 7J
2%-
2. It gets dark
under the lamp. (Even though things occur near you, you do not know them as well as if you were far away.) 2. ;I;%%4l t rn2+%P %kt-+. At the time of a depression, we must practice austerities.
--
5
In another appropriate combination of radicals, this character for island is composed of (m) for mountain and (,&) for bird. Islands are open rocky or mountainous and are the resting places for birds crossing 4 E the sea.
4 S.
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
113
to ISLAND 10 S.
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
,&iEE u J
the islanders
aq.'ij
g@ 5x1
islands
4 &@ Ad ~6 +4 @ 9 kun %-%?%F~u tlLF ? B pan
%& ?E a group of islands $!%A,!& F o J 5 an uninhabited
*&
~JE a peninsula
PI]&
02
za
chain of islands
island
.,! min
9% Fu B! ry61
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USA63 FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
@mq 9 nk "l-4el- kEQ! -I%,#H*rf= 3-Wl @Wl& sf I&&L o] 3 q 3 4, T h e Korean territory is in the
++
eastern area of the Asian continent, also to the east of the Chinese mainland. It is made up of a peninsula and many islands. 2. @*& +%4+ ~ !@ R ie H $01 ~ 421 ~4 52 4. Japan, which is located to the east of the K ~ r e a npeninsula, comprises a chain of islands.
114
I
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
@ $$ @p$j C
I t represents the fish. A shape of fish defined clearly. Gradually, it had been modified in simpler form. A fish is the symbol of Christianity. "Come! Follow Me and I will make you fishers of men." f 3 7 ) O( (Matthew 4 : 19)
ffi
@,m
6 FISH
11 S. Rad. 195
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
%#
Yz] # 3
0-1 3 a school of fish 0-1 n-j a fishing net 0-1 a fisherman
kun
$8 $Q mang 1 3 '& 3 6 tlq & ~ s6n
2%
'a& +
~ 7
RfiD 4-1J a fishing boat
$%M 0-1 + a fishing village
~1% $$ Z
ch'on
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
+
5.F 4 4 1 e-g 3 7 ) :+]q %lo1 4 SQ+ dl+% 9. A fish on the chopping block. (It can not be helped; beyond hope.) i-4 xJz;F : $4 *)-+q o)+ 3J;cjl7)- $j A)2. 3.4 *F-%41 4 9 %%I318q-3 9 A] %. In a fight between whales, the back of a shrimp bursts. (Third person gets hurt.) 3. $%** ffi(9l.+?q ) : ++41 +zj7i4 $?a71% ; 2Exd 3 1 $qEq 2% S)d ; I . Seeking a fish in a tree. 4. --&.%%(~0-1 *+) : ~).zl 271 7).%% Zqq. A tiny fish pollutes the whole stream of water. 1.
+
a++
+t Animals
\
0
"
5.
+
9 Horse
& Ox, Cow
8(4
+ Bear
0,t
Sheep 3 (yang)
8 (ung)
4 asf s)+g 01 82% &@ %%S49Wl -1@ 4% ~1 3 4 ~ ~ 1 . ~1 -3 g r += q ~ ~ r 9 1 3 OF+O~ q + ~ 1 9% ~ 1 7 ) 1- 01 Go1 4-. 01 $4 01 g ~4 )o)%L:d-01 & o)-$-:d-ol n+ fig4- 9-W 4sf 34 -1s GGoll~1 01 -5% f 4 iq- (@j#;z 2 : 19-20).
+
+
Out of the ground the Lord God had formed all the beasts of the field and all the birds of the air and He brought them to Adam to see ... So Adam gave names to all the domestic animals, to all the birds of the air and to all the wild beasts. (Genesis 2 : 19-20)
&pq9+ P+ !&%I-% 4k-&R 5;F 5 4 fi#fl0120-1 9 4 4 9f $bl1 !&&+ R;kf711 4-514 7) 3- 5 i mIdclr *%*I 3 S B ~ Z +41 7 1 + 2 S ? d 6 1 1 @ % % 4%-#%%4 3 ~]A]s+ as14 rr &$+ R@711 %l-5).(fiIJ#k$Z, Genesis 6 : 19-20)
116
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
8 *El Characters; Animals
Q h* ,. The rat or mouse, represented ass6 teeth, with a =rat is the RAT of the Chinese twelve horary signs (-I-13)MOUSE . Years of the rat: 1960, 1972, 13 S. 4 4 1984, 1996, 2008.-. Rad. 208
wc r
This character represents an oxp The ox is the second of the symbolical animals. Years of the ox by the Chinese zodiac signs: 1961, 1973, 1985, 1997-..
@
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
@,Be Aj 3 9
R s ~j
ti4
MEANING AND SOUND
rat-bite fever
an insignificant, worthless,
4 6!
+$I P-Fk cow's
+m
P+
Q tan
small fry
@,&Jj ~4
3 5 8% % P Y ~ W YZ) tlH pae
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
9 & 4 saek
dark gray
&$
a plague
y6k
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
at
1. % 341 5 4 : 6\94 E 3 9 f b*. A rat, bottled up in a jar. (a man who cannot escape from danger) 2. q$-d A] B\+) F] 594 : &?@sk+ &%61 3 '=!-k 5. Like a chipmunk running round the wheel of sieve. (Running in circles, getting nowhere) 3. 99-g ~ d 7 \+x e$j-9+ 4 71- +++. Birds listen to day-talk, and rats to night-talk. (Be careful of what you say.) 4. ER%%(f 4 99) : 4 5 4 Z] 4 @%*&8% 472 34 &~Ji+t A J - E ~ . Hesitating or waving between two extremities.
aao]
milk
beef a Korean cow
qB 951 a cowhide
1 17
u OX 4 S. Rad. 93
MEANING AND SOUND
3 $ i? IY U 3 7 ) @! + yuk 451 $$ 3 han 71%
B 31 p'i
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. Kq +o\x) 03 961 41 94 : ~ \ $ - 6 l y i 9 a l 3zl-4 9 d ~ J
+
~l+++
P&. A naughty calf grows a horn on its buttocks. (An ill-bred boy behaves rudely. ) 2. $1 7-040-0 r k ~ C ) Z 514 : TTilE%J 9% 3 ~ 1 -94% t ~ ~9. Trying to drive an ox through a rathole. 3. k ~l-71: D I ~ 7Lg3)iL +)-$ 9 0 1 s i t 9. As easy as riding a lying-down cow. 4. g~ 4627& x;i.L+ : 01 n1 3 0 1 4JsVId 4 41 +%f?!-4. Repair the cowshed after the cow is lost. 5. + q g g ( p o l + 8 ) : 4 4 4 8 $4 71 ; o F Y 4 7)S21-;7. Q?d f 6-1 5 eJ-6Fexl *+$La Reading to the deaf.
++
+-
11 8
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
8
fjj
Characters; Animals
Fm JL
This character represents a tiger. The original ideograph is a far cry from the modern character but the evolution is easily seen. The tiger is the third of the Chinese zodiac signs. Years of tiger: 1962, 1974, %J 3 1986, 1998,
k
This character is a pictograph of the squatting rabbit or hare, with its tail perked up. The rabbit, a symbol of fecundity, is the fourth of the Chinese twelve zodiac signs. Years of the rabbit: 1951, 1963, KT] 1 1975, 1987, 1999...
ho TIGER 8 S.
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
MEANING AND SOUND
E 7 tiger's mouth
9 Ll ? k u
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS +-xi a hutch; a rabbit box
~1 $& %
%BSf
a harelip; cleft palate
%@
lagophthalmos
Z%o]
a tiger
01
EHL the military nobility
%
&F!J$JJ ~ " 1 cholera 4
B@
I
$&e
rang
93 B pan
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. B@%%(ZA] 9%) : Watches for an opportunity. 2. 21% 7&0Fx1 3 FA-]-$- 2 P P ~ A. day-old puppy doesn't know enough to fear the tiger. (Know yourself ...) 3. AF@& l-24 61 8% 97)IL 71% 944. Though a man dies, he leaves his name; though a tiger dies, he leaves his skin. 4. ngol 9 0 1 3 4 : 2% ~ 3 3 ~ 41 7 gq+ ~ 3. A biting tiger has no horns. (Nothing is perfect in this world. )
%J+
++
Z O ~
$+
L
I
I
i
MEANING AND SOUND "d A t sa
e
92
E f sun
+@sari
% W paek white rabbit TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. g @ -- g ( g b d ~ $ g ) : ~ ~ 1 qfj2+ 7 ) s1Fll-4 i~ 7-9 4% $45 4%%AX, 4 4 q 22% 44-q ' 4 4 9! 714 414% -1 %+87 ) ~71) 9014. Rabbit makes three holes to escape danger. (countermeasures for self-safety) 2. @!34gtlb\l+ %=f%~d S n l zdbl G-t ~ 4 % ~ !+ 1 01 0171 7) d_ 4 XI ZL 94. There is an interesting story that has been passed down in Korea called the story of the rabbit or the story of the turtle. 3. 01 %q '&% 77-$-dl4k S n l sf 7J +017) 8 Tiit& 6) 01717F 52 4. Among Aesop's Fables there is a story of a race between a hare and a tortoise.
+
+-
t'o RABBIT HARE 8 S.
0
B% ~45 a
FIJ P ry61 71% & EI psi 2
331 a tiger skin
119
120
Characters; Animals
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
A large lizard in ancient times (?), or a legendary creature which combined the qualities of a sea horse, lizard, snake and bison. Years of dragon: 1952, 1964, 1976,1988,2000... The fifth in the cycle of twelve
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
%s%+
%n %A6 %B
-$bJ
yong;
MEANING AND SOUND
a dragon's head
4~1 % f
the king's s:at; the throne
%*J
the king's countenance
%&B-$PLthe picture
tu
&j sang
j%
of dragon and 1%
o$-
an
5 to
tiger TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
Mlll4lx-1 % 3 4 : alae,F a o l 4 1 4 %+*, ."\Qol
+g++
9.A
dragon rises from a ditch. (This means the son of a humble family rises to glory. ) 2.
*;F3-q ES+ 4 + 4 l t 8 8 0 1 9f B o l *tPt ~ $ 014 2 +dl 01 5 @bkHi+~ 34. In Koean folk a r t or embroidery, you will see a tiger fighting with a dragon. "dragon and tiger illustrations. "
3.
These are called
BB&E( + + ~ i ~ l :) 4-q 4 44- ~ $ 4 x.zl ; 4 +--& %Ad 5) 4 F b ] T#iG-$!.Dragon's head and snake's tail. (bright beginning, dull finish)
This character is a striking image of the horse. T h e horse represents the seventh anima1 of the twelve zodiac signs. Years of the horse: 1954, 1966, 1978, 1990, 2002 ...
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
,%f% n\+ D\&
ma HORSE
10 S. Rad. 187
MEANING AND SOUND
l%f7 U F horsepower ~ DF*
121
3 fJ
ryiik
a cavalryman
2-4 5 S! py6ng
a coachman; a wagoner
4-4
& ? PU
+ @ f ch'o
fodder; forage
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1, 9 0 1 % T q ?&q-3&fq : ~ i g *$?iq7&++ f&,Ld] $: o\xJr;f+ 3. An old horse wants more beans. (When a
++-
man grows old, he looks for more reward and honor) 2. 4) 771 qG7-1 ZJ : XI 4-51 A] tF] 7-1 9% %7d. A load of an ass on the back of a grasshopper. (The overloading of responsibility) 3. &,%SCL(+4-7J+) I :9 ~. I 1 94 41 x-l C1IJII+ 7-4 O$7)-7F S 01 q q 4-4 01 Taking a cursory view. 4. X B I % 8 E ( ~ J 3 q - ~)1 : %l-+*l +iL '261 3aJq-k 223, 7 ) s o l 4 %-S 4.71 9+$ 3 %! DJ. Sky high and horses fat. (suitable weather in autumn)
+
++ +.
+
e;
122
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
Characters; Animals
123
V & $~~
a s .Ir,
These symbols are sketches of a sheep's head with horns. T h e sheep is the eighth symbolic animal of the twelve zodiac signs. Years of the sheep: 1955,1967, 1979, 1991...
In the first form, pictured is a hen. T h e second shape and the third are cocks. The cock represents the tenth of the symbolical animals of the twelve signs. Years of the cock: 1957, 1969,1981,1993..-
yang SHEEP GOAT LAMB
kye COCK HEN FOWL
6 S. Rad. 123
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
T%4,tx wool *@ 4,t4 sheepskin; ~ 4 %+*,t a goat
21 S.
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
$$$z 4 4 a cock's crest
9 Z i ~ m o
[@4~
woolfell
L
%f$qg41 Al
*&z)-an adopted child
s$?02% bringing up; nurture
@%$$f.41
AF
EY'lf.41J-l* FL&&% %%+. Before Ts'ai Lun of the Han dynasty invented paper, parchment was used in the western world. 2. ~ , $ , 0 1 at xF@r01 9 q e p ] g 4 4 71tt 2 9 AS 01 c\i~ +g+. When people who have no children take the children of others to raise as their own, it is called adoption. 3. jLg+Jjf!(Tx2*&7&) j : 4,tq %x)3j @ 372 &-& 3 0) ~ ~ ~ %\i~@ s b +
23% 9.Meanders;
a winding path.
3
kkwan
an egg
% JjJp
rooster crowing
% 9% % myijng
ran
%
%
pun
4
& ~t
sa
+
a]+ @ t'u TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
?.kGc\ %BO1%01 G BWs\71 doll
3
$$,%% 7$l+ fowl droppings $$$& ;.11~] a poultry house
% chang
o,t%b western style of dress
1.
41
MEANING AND SOUND
P
a cockfight; a fighting cock
SL. Use a chicken instead of a pheasant. (If you cannot get what you want, use what you can get. ) 2. 3Jo)q xP_.! tl& 4 After eating a chicken, produce a duck's leg. (fooling people with dubious evidence) 3. *$#gggg(g41 432 ) : +3- ZLL2d 41 & 2 24 ; A] 9 xie01 3 *-et %Pi341 -9-7-1 4 B@01 3 -k 9%-esl-4 3 0 1 +7$ 9-2 5%. The feeling of one in unfamiliar surroundings.
+++.
-
$
$
12 4
i
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
w&dFi
I"
I.
T h e earliest pictograph of the pig has a long snout, with a mane. The pig is the last animal of the twelve zodiac signs. Years of the pig: 1959, 1971, 1983, 1995, 2007...
kyijn DOG
4 S. Rad. 94
125
MEANING AND SOUND
dogs and horses
9 ,%
a 6 1 4 dog-tooth spar 4% a dog and a monkey
q~1-1 3 0t a
AE A% a+ a Cynic $%A"8 8 a ferocious dog 557 a running dog
E
tit
3
J J % ~ % yu
4-4+&
7H
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
~1 Ad
ma
won maeng
fi + ku
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. Ef-k 7H 4 711 %Q 9 6 1 4. AS dumb a s a thief who is bitten by a dog. (A thief bitten by a dog dares not cry out in pain lest the noise wake the master of the house. )
2. 4 7H71 ?% .')-z)-X~ 94.(fsjjgs g : 4) A living dog is better than a dead lion. (Ecclesiastes 9 : 4) 3. X4%2%( 4 n 1 ~ 1 3 ): 9-2-61Lt 3rcpll 5 4 -% 4 3 t + gf7 ; 47 2 %1 9 % . One's humble service to the king.
shi PIG HOG
7 S. Rad. 152
73
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
A,%a n )
Characters; Animals
*,..
T h e dog is vividly represented. It can be seen as running, or standing and catching a cookie. T h e dog is eleventh symbolic animal of the twelve zodiac signs. Years of the dog: 1958, 1970,1982,1994...
.A7H
i .
4%JL\,\ shim 4 xl % ! E ton
a greedy mind
B% €4- a pigsty; a %$
MEANING AND SOUND
Z-pig
pigpen (4 4 +cl)
-Ex71
and fish
Em, €+ - 'pork
% Oi
yuk
371
'- -/,
f&@xj+ recklessness
94~1%
6
Xi ch6
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
A pigsty, decorated with a bronze lock. (unbalance) 2.
3 3 7 - 0 4 247)4+n)-xl %+4: 3
at
st++
$t 3
+ q-s\r-+
3% 9.While chasing after a Hl wild boar, lose a hog. (Greed brings only loss. )
7)- 717\%
3. L)4 B R S 4 4 941 I 94(UFEH . 9%7 : 6) Do not throw your pearls before the hogs. (Matthew 7 : 6 ) 4. &fa 4 ~ 1 2 6 1Szl- 4 93, 4-f ol Pl 4 4 . You don't eat alone like a greedy pig, you should share.
126
Characters; Animals
PictoriaI Sino-Korean Characters
T h e character indicates a deer, showing its horns, body, legs and tail. A deer standing in front of a slope.
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
@fi+4 deer's
a@
horns
+-$+ a young antler
%% a deer farm
This character is a striking image of the elephant, emphasizing its trunk, nose and tusks.
rok; nok DEER 11 S. Rad. 198
MEANING AND SOUND
+
4
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
I%@(
-.
kak
a
JfU hy6l deer's blood TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. A)+JJ+ :.)*g61]7lJ 3271 7) x*] 31 g++ : 4 -% ~\f?f.Y x x ] 5 g + + t "1.The deer & A)++ A)&@ 6;F 7 1 hunter does not look a t the hare.
+
2. f
4 Zgf& 4-q
-1sx.11
01 44- -1-4 "134+4 37 1 .1 41 ~1 L+.(sidlj-q 3 : 19) T h e
*
a$: ei ?$I 4 4 471- 5 4 4 *ql 3 4
454 9 0 t a
A&A&
imagination; guess
f4
t'ap
+-%
%a
ching
f "J
% 9 chu
3Ak
If$ a hyijng
xj
4-
%E!
sang
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: \
2-1-3
2-1-q Lord God is my strength; He makes my feet like hinds' feet, He makes me tread upon my high places. (Habakkuk 3 : 19) 3. *+4 k-7-(4+)9%=++I 61 $-& % % 2 Z9 4 4 %+. From the ancient times deer horns have been known a s an effective medicine. 4. E%%ol]7t4
E,{@
z
sang ELEPHANT 12 S.
MEANING AND SOUND
@%$! a tower of ivory @%Ak7J a symbol; an emblem @@%% A & ~ J5 4 symbolism @%$% A J g 5 a hieroglyph
942 g %3YOW +4 & 3 won
+g
JJ*~ ivory
127
q*l4.
/! I
A\ 02 4 4 @ q$L. A blind man feeling an elephant; forming an opinion from limited data. 2. @%@%-& 4 z)3 k K - 4 - 3 $4 q-zzl7)q i!5@%611 4
a] % ) 9i4. ~Sang-a hae-an is called the Ivory Coast and is located on the western coast of Africa. 3. @@&%+ eqJlr41 $41 -1-~\9 ,E,fiq i~)Lt*l+. Symbolism is one of the trends of thought appearing in art and literature.
128
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
++- Insects and Reptiles
6. $!&% The turtle here is shown in several poses. The gradual evolution of the character is well represented by the ideographs above.
A
ku; kwi;
9
27
8 3E
B B # MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
&E a 72 a good example; a mirror &q 4 7J a tortoiseshell; turtleback
&a4 + the glans; the glans penis 4 xi (4 +xJ)
Worm d (ch'ung)
a turtle-shaped battleship
+
4 4%
41 . 4
a kam @ F tU & k! ss6n ry61
2.
e%
:4% 4 4 1 5 %A)$-+ d] fi-* %@++ 9.Frightened a t a turtle, startled a t the lid of a kettle. (The lid of a kettle resembles a turtle. )
~1%) XiL
gF?j 4
AXE
4 + 4 + % 4 4 &4 * B E H S 6 1 414-3 i W 1 4 . k . 7 F 0 , t + l l 4s) 7q 9 3 @t7 p d o 1 f-441 9 2 4 $1 -1-=I- %&Ax 2 4 E_E_S)~OEX 13g4qj&4 40-t4- 9 s\-F9 RkRMq -lZ&-2 371d,4. (Pi%! 1592 6 )
Change
Q4 ( Y W
Q? PJ Myriad
9 (man)
+
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1.
Snake A t (sa)
4-9 4-xx 7F3L ~]iidls 4+g o ] 94-4 Z- 3 0 1 a+ @$g 1s1 PI] + d_ g 4 %01] @ j & + t 7qq9-F qiS;t @EEixq4 d) 4 4 6 1 611 3-k A F ~ J ~o -d - ~ o ]abq 4 41% 46-1 4-6)7)+ 41 871 9p +4] TJ-~J~ J z \ q 5 E g O l l %+~ D ) - H $61 4 +. (j3Zi-30:
a kap
2 -g $24 @
3-9cracking
9
&
Y
24-28) There are four things that are small on the earth, but they are exceedingly wise: The ants are a people not strong, yet they provide their food in the summer; the rabbits are but a feeble folk, yet they make their homes in the rocks; the locusts have no king, yet all of them march in rank; the, lizard you can take with your hands, yet it is found in king's palaces. (Proverbs 30 : 24-28) q - q g~ 1 . s ~ ~ 1 7 .6)Gl ) s)+ 3% *q @2$7) 41 9 6 1 35 21 4 4 q 2 4 5). (Ef$fi@12 : 23) But instantly an angel of the Lord struck him, because he not ascribe the glory to God. He was eaten by worms, and died. (Acts 12 : 23)
ggx+
A
130
Characters; Insects and Reptiles
Piclorial Sino- Korean Characters
98
@
eeRl .!
T h e radical ( ) represents a worm .or snake. (a), the triple form includes small crawling, creeping or swarming creatures like bugs, insects, worms and reptiles.
..
,2
,
ch'ungL WORM INSECT
18 S. Rad. 142
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
MEANING AND SOUND
&?@E +flS an entomophilous flower
&x 5 x 1 damage from insects && -+%1
5.1 @$UH mae
01 $&
tooth decay; caries
XI ch'i
,@ 9
-T+ extermination of insects
%!&& 7 ] 4 $ parasitic worms; %& 3flSdestructive insects
XH chae
zfl O&
vermin
+% ~q 3
ku
% 71 k i S$Hhae
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
+
1. @I&$ h@fi94 9 o&++ % o ) q 9 s l l o 1 4 . Roundworms are worms that get their nutrients from the human body. 2. i$+BSk %&Ll 0Jqq W{+61 s] 3 4. Dug to destructive insects, there was a bad harvest last year. 3. @B6114+-H R q R 4-1*1+01J7)1 9 4 6 1 1 -% 7Ff u!+4 3 313 %&%f P1 Q J ~ In . Korea, the elementary school boys are given a vermifuge as a group twice a year, once in spring and once in fall.
+
OR
- , f, J
@
/,,.>-
I
-
b
During the summer night, many fireflies fly around the residence area. ( A ) represents the illuminant light by the firefly (&, insects). It means a firefly.
hyiing FIREFLY
16 S.
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
3 g
light
g6 ?j~ 4fluorite; ' fluorspar @@$ 3 Bk'3
t
(B-52)
$-g+ 3
$f$%,$ ?J fluorescent -- ._- -
131
%@
kwang
6 4 sijk
diligent study
+3
the light of glowworm
4&
$1
St hwa TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. BxE+ Q % % @ X ~ T h e fluorescent light bulb is
$++.
brighter than the electric light bulb.
2. $@i?jgq 5%4 $41 ~ J d s f$+slq*+s)-%i+iz. 34. They say that the classic scholars stddied by the firefly's light in Korea, 31' ( 3 Adz] %) : 3 ~ 8 qdX-1 z+Z)6j 02 -$ xi&. (+ ig4Z-i qJ4161 ~$-9 8s $4 Z %Eo) %$ ) The fruits of diligent study. 9 3 t++ &$loll A-1 9, 9. 4. A$+ $ c.5 Sf ~ f +iL l '&-& g - 4 4 . T h e candle-light burns itself but gives light to others. 5. -161 41 z] s o ] - ZL+ $$,&$j#!!J%\%+.
s
@sq
a
s-$
132
Characters; Insects and Reptiles
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
There is a snake devouring a field mouse. The snake or the serpent is the sixth animal of the Chinese twelve zodiac signs. Years of the snake: 1953, 1965, 1977, 1989,2001...
sa SNAKE
11 S
It represents a lizard, probably the c_haw n , a primitive reptile. A t the top is the y6k; i head and a t the bottom are the feet of the T O CHANGE 8 S. reptile. This character signifies change or transformation like the color change of a lizard.
"'$'
48
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
MEANING AND SOUND
$@!& 472 snakes and scorpions
!k% i!
A)+
serpent's feet; redundancy
efi 45j meandering 64-a
venomous serpent
7J7&
@2
"1h? 3 72 -+%
kal chok
6
haeng
%5
tok
!& 4 A 1 a white snake !k@$$i ~8 ~ 1 % a snake decoction
2 !k
.A,d[ saeng
E!&
F
31 hwa
3l-A)
a floral snake
k!4 paek
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION EXERCISE:
(4-72-4) : ~361 L+ ZJ7k-g- 2% 9 ; E%*J2 2s 23 % q ~4)4 $-. TO abominate a person like a serpent. $4 4zl+ 3 d 4 4 ~ d%q 2zz]+ q 3 1 ~ ) 6 ! .
1. &&@ 2.
Better be the head of a snake than the tail of a dragon.
3.
q asf 5 ~ q 94 OAJ 5 4 s +q ~861
717~
H-64-4ci.
The Serpent was more crafty than any beast of the field which the Lord God had made. (Genesis 3 : 1) ( ~ I J E ~ 3Z 3: 1)
133
01
\, I- - >)LL &a71$4. Next Monday, the P. T. A. meeting will be held in our school.
kg eldest son
4
1. 41 %@$ 9 5% 4 1 4 2 2 H*41 %?k* 3kq-L My husband went to Japan for one week of T.D. Y. 2. %=f-t &@% p J - 2 3 , &=3+ "124. Men make laws, women make manners. (Guibert) 3. m41+ Ltq E3-4 %%+ 4 *3-, o l f i l k 4 4 BIJohF%lrF 61 4. (*&~17]27 : 36) Before he took my birthright and nw, he has stolen my blessing. (Genesis 27 : 36)
178
Characters; Family
Pictorial Sino- Korean Characters
179 I
A person in a kneeling posture befitting that of a female who held a low position in ancient society. Otherwise, the figure of a woman in a graceful pose.
A pregnant woman has a baby (+) uterus. It means pregnancy.
ny6, y6
in the ing PREGNANT
WOMAN GIRL
5 S.
3 S. Rad. 38 -
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
&
63 i~a girls' high school ?%F 4 2 a woman soldier 4 3 women's rights zk .S +L a queen %+ a
I
Woman(
MEANING AND SOUND
++ @ i! ko _1--
24
3 kun
3 kwon QJ s 2 3 wang 01% xt cha
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
MEANING AND SOUND
98 9 3 a pregnant woman 9%oJ + a pregnant woman
4.1 @ 2 mo 4 t s 1 @FPU 0161 3 % EH t'ae
02 ~ f conception; l
441
k +@@ 4 T;-M an outstanding woman f4 @ S 60
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
4 S4 8)t;lrk 9. When three women get together, the wooden dishes swing back and forth.
q-gq 33% 0) q-4 u ) q 6) El) 4 9-71 g f 94 37-1. 4011 711 3 M 4 4-+ g!S23. 4 3 01 q. (eF4++ 1 : 20) Joseph, son of David, be not afraid to take Mary as your wife, for what is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. (Matthew 1 : 20)
k&+.k T a % @ a q 5 9 6 1 4.
YGgo is the contraction for the girls' high school. 2. 4*4l t E % k Z , Ei%*7;E61 9%I+dl 1 .444 %la41-k *El $$,2t;lr. During the Shilla dynasty, Korea had Queen Chins6ng and Queen Chind6k but till then England still had not had a queen yet. 3. 37 3 6) 2.1 4 48% 71 -SZ4: aS 4 S " l z 6 1 3 p 6 1
pregnancy
2.
4 7) gj$p+q o)+$ *+ 3 61 2 61 g+ 9u)+= "$61 5) -t)4 4-. R 3 ~ 1 4 ~ ) G $61 +z] -1 9fdl 41~ 1 q9-f p ] %I.
3-$1!
21
(~l-4 +g 1 : 23) Behold! The virgin will be with child and shall bear a son, and they will name Him Immanuel, which means, God with us. (Matthew 1 : 23) 3. UA 6)o] 01% 6)q 4 % 6 1 ~ 1 . A child who has been conceived in either a daughter or a son.
This character was derived from a picture of an infant with arms exposed and wrapped in long swaddling clothes or a picture of a playful child, with one arm up and the other down.
4 1 1 children;
sons and daughters
/*Iz)-~
a descendant
'mzt++
a consonant
%z4-33 midnight iwlt3a gentleman; a man of virtue I=]a disciple; a pupil L
.
.
cha SON CHILD 3 S. Rad. 39
DESCENDANT
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
d/
-
44
k
4 ny6
+xi
%
son
[El4 4
?F,e\+ 4 344 +4.
&MvJlAMq
a+ 31q =fl,e\+ Xt.*q FtPq 7)%$
2l-k f@q 54. (A] 3
01
7.301
4-4T R
grandson-in-law
Ad sij
3 Xt
0)s
cha
f&% 1.
3- %Hdl
127 : 3-5)
-
Children are a heritage from the Lord. The fruit of the womb is his reward. Like arrows in the hand of a warrior so are the children of one's youth. (Psalms 127 : 3-4) 2. 41+6dl711+ $37 %=fl7). %%+dl 2 $ 3 1 + 4 t ke41L;r 8 ~q BJ%\% 4. One of Jesus Christ's twelve disciples, Juda, betrayed the teacher Jesus.
granddaughter-in-law
%3 descendants +)@fhu TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
24+ 24 B&bl.Zt--t.
*+2 2 4
& ny6 4 kc1 @ ! @ pu 414
+z) a grandson
yC
B I ~ chijng t kun 9f OF+- $6 Xi1 che
MEANING AND SOUND
a granddaughter
%@ ++ one's %$!$$+ ~ jone's
117) TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
181
Characters; Family
Pictorial Sino- Korean Characters
1 80
6CIZ4-4 ~ ~ ~ k R d$- S&S d9-I~tt7l-41Al?$%+I ~1 01 ~4 z q %& T%q F%d] ~ ] 2 ]$-. 4 (A) @
?$-?inF 103 : 17)
But the steadfast love of the Lord is from everlasting to everlasting upon those who fear him, and his righteousness to children's children. (Psalms 103 : 17)
k 8 ~ 4-48 1 ADBPI *4 @3 i 3 E
t6FA.1
Our family is a big one, so there are many grandchildren. 3.
P
94
4-4 -& .ijj;iSsLt7t 9 0 4 7)
#M!ki%dI
4 5 ? 4 - ~ ~!1
Our son-in-law has gone to work as the consulate general, so he became accustomed to foreign life.
Characters; Foods
11. &
183
8 4 Foods
I
Q
/p
%
/I\
%
3
Rice D l (mi)
4n
%%+
Meat % (yuk)
9 S. Rad. 184
I J E H F,REQUENCY COMPOUNDS
y % + z)+xl 4 +-+gq
9 a 9 k u
iijs 10 : 31)
X ~ E
4e3.F a
t+qgq 45l-+ q t 34- pF.'l-k 301 oFL1.9- 24 4 4 %sf 4%34 B%olcI. ( x u 1 3 14 : 17)
22s 0L
For the kingdom of God does not consist in eating and drinking, but in righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit (Romans 14 : 17) 4 4 Gl ?%%01 &%41 5 4 72 4 4) %%it34
+
zrS W\ZI. + 44 01
f i ~ iz k i x s ~BBJCI.
Do not drink wine or intoxicating drink, you, nor your sons with you, when you go into the tabernacle of meeting, lest you die. It shall be a statute forever throughout your generations. (Leviticus 10 : 9)
dining car
frtl
a $.%%5$14 a+ a foodstuff '@$4 43 a meal; dinner --We
u p ~ 4~ 3j ( 4 ] + ) ~ 210 : 9)
MEANING AND SOUND
members of a family
So, whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all to the glory of God. ( I Corinthians 10 : 31)
~1
shik TO EAT FOOD
371
(ran>
r d \ - ,'
S)c\, (
@
l
9 Egg
+ 447)- 4 2 x 1 UFX]+"] g%)o=j
l
m m
Rice plant St (hwa)
4% J'LQ~ ZLZJ
a
Pictured is a table on which bowls are overflowing with food. The detached upper portion occurring in some forms, is probably a lifted lid.
+--
$$ 4
a dining table
-,7b*3 =A
-] staple food
i
- . C C a
3 1 01%
H EZ ryo
9 , '&%
3 ~t sa
-i-
f9
-iL- I
!z~tang
-@ Et t'ak % F chu
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
i.t+~14 &~ E F l o l ~ &%A+ j
9nF
Q
t4.j L-."
Ours is a small family, so it does not cost us much for living. 2. 01 F!I*41+? &2z*7F od 4 4 9+L1 4. This train has a dining car attached to it. 3.[*+-~q &Be t o 1 4.) The Korean's staple food is rice. 4. Z72-9-E&f&% : OFYc] al11] g+ 901E+Eul) 7) +j 4 % 961i+k 5. Even the Kiimgang mountain must be seen on a full stomach.
+$
Ls' 1
184
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
'V\-
*'I'
When the grains of the rice plants have ripened and they are harvested, the stalks are s u t , bundled, tied or stacked. This character represents these It is also, the head of the rice plant (2%). .y?. ~1 (Genesis 37 : 5-7)
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
%@ a]7) the price of rice ggi$in] +-Ad. a rice and grain dealer %& u] ~4 pale yellow; straw yellow
1Xfl~ls rice flour 3%a ~unpolished ] rice
mi
6 S. Rad. 119
MEANING AND SOUND
a
71 ka
t4 % 93 @, A_tl 7 ) @ ~
kok
4% 3
hy6n
=
saek pun
2.
I
: .'l@ 61 84 6) %E- E-@ %I*. Charity comes from the granary. (Only a man of surplus wealth can help others. )
3q.114AdG*cf
+~14&&el 3 6 1 71 4 541 341 4 Q 9 4 s o1 ~&01 94. .119f~++&+Wnc+zs{i~ t@)g;Zl g$+q+qc+ iL s t4 $j$*@41~j yl6) g $ 3 $$ 361513. s)iL # k & 2 3 F) J1$ 4 ~261 *X +%tf. Rice is our staple food, so there are many descriptive names for it. For example mo (in budding stage) , pyb (unhulled) , ssal(uncooked), and pap(steamed rice).
185
This character represents a rice plant during growth. The ears of the plant spread outhwa L. ward and the drooping rice corns on top RICE-PLANT come to be symbolized by the downward 5 S. slanting dash on top. Rad. 115
RICE GRAIN
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
Characters; Foods
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
$@/&33
grain; cereals
.
MEANING AND SOUND
;X
+q
tax
.%% +2fl &@ +q --@@ 01 4
$2 q kok
4 ~ - % ~ 1 s e
*
46-1q% 7.1 + @$ 372 I% 01
a talented man harvesting; a crop moving
(SFM a seed
4
Su hwak i
f!%33 chow
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
48flk4% a71 4541 94. I assume there will I have purchased a house.
Sq &@01
$61
4%4 23 ##Bz)i~
be a lot of taxes this year because
$+.
344 J/k@Oll e18flJ-l %*J This year's crop is by far larger compared to last year's crop. 3. +1 H-7) 4-3 33.9+ @&x %$$23 @+. It seems that our department will be moving into the school building that is now under construction. 2.
%Y
i
6.4
186
/~
Characters; FoodK
Pzctorial Szno-Korean Characters
-
This ideograph, the combination of the grain li, i (X) and a sickle ( U , a) suggests reaping, BENEFIT the _hayest, i, e , benefit, pcofit, or.~ntere:_st. When the oyster and the heron fight, GAIN saying goes, "The fisherman 7 S. 01 r+ 21 benefits. " ($%R2#)
-
The radical hwa(%) stands for grain, the man's staple food, a highly valued possession. sa T h e phonetic (A), representing a silkworm PRIVATE hidden in i t n vacyi.r-r PERSONAL Grain in ancient days was u s 3 SELFISH A)*) *I to pay taxes and the residue 7 S. was personal ( A , property.
1
MEANING AND SOUND
+ profit;
$11 H 4)- utilizing; making use of +IJZ$ 4 profit; gains %I] %%% 81 +.l? profit and loss 0)
9% % % tiik e a] 3 yong
61
d 2 a q i k
@*I] 3zl a right; a claim
441
$I]%
61
benefit
01
@$1J
3)3 $$ fl hae
@ 3 kkwon
+z) disadvantage
el-4 51; % pul
%zl victory; triumph
01 7?.
E8 S siing
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. *%41 $ l J & ~ l ~3 4 %BE4 4-+4 0) 34. When you see profits, you have to think about the integrity
and morality behind it.
+
2. IL+ +ljz+ 8 4 T$Ua4 9JFrJBrJS)zl 3Qt.F. He can not judge whether it will be profitable or disadvantageous for him. 3. El 8 4 dllB4-tFe 44-q fiB4-4 &61 4711 44. If you act only in the interest of your gain, you will be resented.
?2z+
a)
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
$ 3)
.@,s .-+A)
MEANING AND SOUND
3EI rip 9 3 A t sa 9 !k a saeng xllf 18 Xd chae
private; nongovernmental private affairs
& $$,Y% 34P private life
$L*H$& $L@ 4 3 4
4 private property
9 @ Zlj 4 %
a private debt
~ l qone's
ch'ae
residence t'aek TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1.
3&++ ai&@@41 .y4 4 3 @$
€61
%!.Aq-44.
If you send your children to a private school, the overall school expenses would have to be great. 2.
4%
-
$"
$J
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
T
%$z% Q41 B!Z+k 4% 447) 44. Meddling into other's personal affairs is rude.
3. A S F - 3 - 4 l A j 5 %%B$Eq k-$-GS] % Z ) X 94. These days even in China one is allowed to possess personal property.
4.
21%-
33
414-k
4-s $L%6d44-, 5 2 E 9 4 ~ F ?
188
1
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
I
Characters; Foods
One thirsty man(A) tries to drink the water in the jar. He grabs the water container(&) and drinks it, then fills the stomach(q). This character means "to drink. *
The shape of an amphora or a wine pot used for distilling. The radical for liquid ( 7 ) added to it indicates the jar is filled with liquor. But some says that ( 7 ) is the drips alongside the bottle, added 5 9 to give a "liquidity" feeling to it.
iim DRINK 13 S.
WINE LIQUOR
,, MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
& $ - -$-s beverage;
fk$!& f&@
3) 6I-3$$
drink
%a+drinking water
3 7K
tijQ partake of sacrificial food and drink
\=)+4
eating and drinking; food
f&@ GT. drinking
wine
sf&++ heavy drinking
s
ryo
+ su
9@S
fk
~HIX~.+
@#$ +q
$
@
+ chu
I
BBuYf
beer
LLt rnak
$)$-
liquors
Bacchus; the god of wine
f 03 a banquet i'
MEANING AND SOUND
a tavern; an inn
@%?+ beverages; alcoholic B & f ~4wine and women --
4 shik
FE)% Fi ryu % @ saek ?l4. 8 &Ishin 421
g
XE]@
y6n
9 maek
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
%5
+Q+. Who had 1. &% -& +] a+ : 4 XI eaten salt drinks water. (Sinners suffer punishment.)
G)axp~+
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
F@@O$)~AJ BJ
4-4--&% 8 P ' O ~
+
1
I !
pok
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
+
,
~ 4 4-s %w e s z 1 4 w .
Hungry is cured by food, ignorance by study.
@1~$*4 9% atd.edl,a61 .IY ~ 1 3 ~ . The food is OK, but it's too expensive. %%+. Heavy drinking is bad for the health. 4. %&-& 7i7; by
(fd-320 : 1) Wine is a mocker, intoxicating drink arouses brawling. (Proverbs 20 : 1) 3 @BJ%kdy : 4 % 3 1 514. Drink rice-washing water and behave like a drunkard. (pretends to be drunk) 3. % @ ? k E 3 ( 7 ~ ] f ' 8 ~ ) : 3-f.d 9471 ; bC14 xFkF$?q %fl$b# 3 7\71 i~ i3 E4 4 4 % q t f t 3. One uses public property in such a way that he gains favor from others.
2. 5%
_.'
Pictorial Sino- Korean Characters
190
This character depicts a mother feeding her baby on milk. The mother holds the baby with her arm. ( 6 )represents the hand and (7)baby or child.
$Lz+q $L%f
breast
the dairy industry $ipd
jj$ +q 3 1 4 -
MILK
the dairy company
"2 E? 9
Pang
o d % w ~ ~3
Characfers; Foods
The idea of sweetness is represented by a sugar cane. Another opinion is that this character suggests a candy in the mouth.
'@ Bl
hoe
444
8 9 mo
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
The Korean dairy industry exports many products abroad. i~z)G 0161 7F ,G~-E$(IOZ+5$4. The baby that 2. R%S is raised on mother's milk is the one who is mentally strong.
n l q o J q oF3i &St
+%9f
4.
Usually the American's breakfasts consist of milk and bread. 4. a &%5E(74-+?l) : Oa 414 3 4 71 34 ; 9 0 1 4- 58 5 0 1 Eiit4P R. Smelling 'of milk. (babyish; 'puerile)
MEANING AND SOUND
vg @r sweetness and bitters; joys y l l % i! ko and sorrows w% e n ] dulcet; sweet o F S 4 + $I$mi
W!?d?$$
S.sweetener
%g honeyed
W'@ a;
& % F U
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
3.
kam 5 S.
---.
f9$is+ mother's milk %%,. Pfi-cow's milk
191
SWEET
8 S.
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
$I@@ +BJ-OJ- cancer of the
YU
Li
W@
722
- ~ U J9U hF ~ mi
words; flattery
a sweet drink prepared with rice and malt a licorice root
A
9% S 9 6n C @ + chu 5
8 5 ch'o
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. %Bell Q3.An indispensable thing[man]. 2. QZ2%8A%T%(&4317F A] ~ 1 9 7 ) ): 2 4 % +%bl In a home of many words the soy is bitter. 3. EkQ 9, 3 Jlt 3 6 1 33%$-.(34)$7] 3 : 8) A large land, a land 'flowing with milk and honey. ' (Ex. 3 : 8) 4. %uH+t-i% (4-TW): %nB%a F k F 4 Gentle wind and sweet rain. (good climate)
&+.
e-3
192
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
193
Characters; Foods
35 2 F-%
NAMES OF FRUITS
-
The top part represents the cluster of fruits and the bottom part, the roots.
. . . . . .. ..
kwa
2
,
FRUIT
//
8 S.
Mb
+L;;lot !E(to)
Peach
& %
$&(rk
&
~ e r s i(m s hm i)o n
-k+?*
.. .. :._.. .. ... . I
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
,%*@+
-$&m
a fruit tree an orchard
RR 4-44 a fruit .93+)45 fruit juice -1
@%
34 consequence; results
BE
~4 effect
*
9 mok
%
+4 @ 3 won 2 ~ 1 2 shil 404 & ' i;chiip 9 % $& Y kyhl
+ttF-% B s hyo
Glf e . ( c h o ) Jujube
Y
Chestnut
2 ",H (paek) #(j Pinenut
45. .. . .. . . . .
-
.
6Qv-0, '
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
. . .. ..
MEANING AND SOUND
4T
.
4%
o r a n g(kyu" e
M
43- % ( ~ Y u ) Pomegranate
f
"8+ '3 (aeng) Cherry
%. P (p'o) @j3rape
g z;1:
('i)
~1 %47??4:r'P?Ma g o 1 fii 9 0 1 DF~Jq 4 *e 9 4 +XSA~ 1 7 GOF ~ +9 M ~ g Ft 3~ 4 ~28 *A1 4. Up flew a crow and down fell a pear. (an 7++ii
*xF
unfortunate coincidence) 2.
APE^ 4 3 1 oil 7PF + r ' b F 4 *6F* %4-. 3 4 %41 115l-Q =F &+ 3%01 s+ 9. At the banquet in the house of one's in-laws saying, "Bring persimmons or pears. (putting one's finger into another's pie; none of your business)
% %79 (haeng) 13 Apricot
194
Characters; Foods
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
A lone round fruit (gourds, melons, cucumbers, tomatos etc.) hanging from its tendrils and vines.
This character is used to represent eggs in their case. The two lines a t the center, represent the yolks within the eggshell. The proverbial reference: "Eggs must not quarrel with stones. "
kwa MELON CUCUMBER 5 S.
195
ran EGG 7 S.
9 El
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
$4 a
marriageable age
a$&4.2 the expiration of one's term aa 473 a field of melons afR44
$.a
a side dish made in cucum-
bers + i $ ( ~ i $ )a Chinese quince
MEANING AND SOUND
q 2 %$
81
gP$B@ 3-41 an egg cell gPff5 3% ovalness; egg shape 41'JB 3%the yolk ZJJP4a laying eggs
nyijn man
9 a Ir;! chijn 4%% 4 ch'ae
*
4-7-
g g P %a
4 mok
+-&
4.
Dl%%%
( 3 t fA1 F)J) : %-47) q 2-4 4 4 s %.-14.;t.
When the melon is ripe, it will drop of itself.
Ail se
% @! 4%
hhyrjng
Bt. hwang
gg E @5
a hatchery egg
1, @ $@gP+i@(A)3 A t ) : 9 3 4 1 5
f=q-F $371.
Licking the outside skin of a watermelon. (superficiality; shallowness) 2. 4 3 5-g%]*E~Z) : 3A.z+ %++%)+ +-g Y-Zi-3g+ 3. A nice-looking snake gourd. (a thing not so good as it looks) 3. K I ~ T R E ! ( ~ ~ - S - * Z ) ) 2 4 1 4 4B&-% 3 4 4x1 ?HI-: $ 4 1 4 4 ~2 9% zj %\z]3s). Avoid a compromising position; Be careful not to invite suspicion.
7F-2
san chong
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
%A] t@Ij $ 2.
+ 61 s+
91*+
f d l 3.1 %X 9.Disturbed unexpectedly. 7)
41 11 cl-g4 tdF~1s Rik34 3. %9P+
+41
113. 912 4.
Thomas A. Edison tried to hatch an egg on his bosom.
'1
3.
3 6 1 4x4 4' 9 7 2 6 1 94 4-?
Which was first, the chicken or the egg? 4. LJgp@;ti (61 %+A-R-$) : % 4 P 0 3 a t 4 21 71 ; BE4-q 5 01 7J 61 44 9.Using an egg to bash a stone. (overestimating .one's strength)
+ ~-$++
196
Pictorial Sino- Korean Characters
This character symbolizes a piece of meat. It looks similar to the meat we are accustomed to buying a t a store; carved to a portion and having wrinkles in the center.
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
m g 8% the senses of the flesh
m'm
MEANING AND SOUND
-+q meat-eating +xJ
carnal desire
+A]
the flesh; the body
g Q kam y f% 4 shik
kg
5 3
mg%@J 84
physical labor
$g@%f% ++7&4
the survival of the fittest
MEAT
'm a chijng ,
C;z%%
+
+
H 3 sfl a shell H !#J sfl 5 shell goods .
R 6 sfl A4
a fossil shell
z
!E$%EzJ+q
ro yak kang
mB4l @R* %@01 3-E4. A sound mind in a sound body. 2. d7&% m@+ %Bq @ % 6 1 4 ~ J 4 -E +A1 k 9 *q E%bl 4. A healthy body is the guestchamber of the soul; a sick, its prison. (Francis Bacon) 3. 4 & 9 4- S3F W1 q ~ l 41+ 2 ~ /rE 1 EEd-4 4 4 % A ] 6t&q715 % Z + k c j - . (d13zq7) Tjtip 5 : 23) d_7&*
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
!2& sfl ai, a
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
This character was from the figure of the shellfish with its two legs out of the shell. The shell was later used as the medium of financial exchange-thus, "treasure. "
Zil chye
$4 0$ 4-9- % Zl
O,tQ
+
Characters; Foods
SHELL
MEANING AND SOUND
$3 .- , "
?,
197
shell mound a pearl oyster L
*\b
* \ k '
;ZI kak
=
!#J mu1 +5 6 4 s6k 7-d % S ch'ong ;id- & a chin 'FG % F chu
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. ZZ&&rkOll+ 3% W@561 gtl-. There are many sea shell gifts in the souvenir store. 2. 44-)-0ll 9 + Q %Q611~j 31l@g9 4 7 ) W 6 % BE!$+. While I was under training in a desert in Texas, I found a fossil shell. 3. W@+ EI%gRRq B%osxj R M A a 6 l 7) D ; 1 3 4 a 3 7 1 7-7-cj 71 61 4. P'aech'ong is the relics of the "1 7)- +$4 61 Stone Age, composed of the shells which early men dumped.
Characters: Education
12.
1%
199
Education
This character represents teaching, as when the father Abraham taught his son Isaac. kyo T h e crosses a t top and to the left, denote TO TEACH things marked incorrect, as in our own test 11 S. grading. We also see the 711% f a t h e r ( 2 ) watching over his s o n ( 3 ) as he receives his father's wisdom.
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
y'F5X) 4 +$-$F.-g02 X J q 7) 21 *%)A] s)il 2 4 931- f i g 4 494&@41 )l$W pi?* :-4l4 *o1 4 4 47) 01 g 4n)z1 $; + 4 3) $g$z)+ 4i+ 7 ) . 3 ] + 6,011 s&z)z).
ii$s
( ~ l ~ i 4 l 4 4: 12-13) Let no one despise your youth but be an example to the believers in word, in conduct, in love, in spirit, in faith, in purity. Till I come give attendance to reading, to exhortation, to doctrine. ( I Timothy 4 : 12- 13)
2011 4i?)*.H17F 4401]A]A-l HI-)% 4 P0Jps z E ql7k 4 4 4 -7-4 z!B!!-% 92bl-4 %@+- E4 4 .z z)q + 2'1 k r .I] f. oJol] $+ ~2++AS 9~1020). &E41 *I z @%7) 9A1 *l-j~+rd %I. (4=dl f%B 3 : 14-15)
3 44 q+
~fl+a
+-
You, however, must remain faithful in what you have learned and are convinced of, aware from whom you learned and how from childhood you have known the sacred scriptures that are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. ( II TimMhy 3 : 14- 15)
&@ i z f
MEANING AND SOUND
a professor
% g + s u
&B z+ education
71
&g$ iz-+- a teacher &@ 3 x 4 teaching materials &@ 331 church
S
S
Y U ~
/-%
A! sa
xfl+
XH
chae
ng @ 81 hoe TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. t++e) 3 Q 9% b ) b ] f l A] 7 F t ~ l z $ .ZLZ] st4 $4 5 14 4 4x1 el-4514 5). ( B g 22 : 6) Train up a child in the way he should go; and when he is old, he will not depart from it. (Proverbs 22 : 6) 2. 7 )x3 .& z)+ 7).EX] & x ) q xs 4 $L A] i3)z). (gqq4 ~ 6 j: 6) The person who is being taught should share all good things with him who teaches the word. (Galatians 6 : 6)
+
**
3.
*++
44-q B$&+2 4 4
+3
$+. +
61
$kg012;F.
Education draws out the best that is in one.
20 0
Characters: Education
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
Here, we see a school boy sitting in front of the desk and looking a t his books. Hence, the idea of diligent study and the learning that results, is conveyed.
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
@@ "Fa a =I
q-3 @ 319
school
ryiik
This character has the meaning of a letter or a document, which thought important in mun itself. takes on greater weight when seen LETTER with the many others designed to complement DOCUMENT it. We can see this, as i t 4 S. Rad. 61 9%t developed from the idea of "one stitch which comprises part of a whole net."
*
%g 53&a-civilian official %&% +iz+
extensive learning
q-%8 @t~ a k
an academic degree
+z-]
theory; a doctrine
wi
4 -$$$ 9 kkwan
the Ministry of Education
%%B!% 5 4 1 +%
student
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
9 Lk $Y saeng 9%% % s61
@& Tl~ja %% a @@ q4
ii! kyo
E
a n academic career
%Lq
TO LEARN
20 1
++-3
pu
4f 44
& ! a1 ye
%@i 53 documentary records
59
$8 3 h6n
gik
ZkFk
2 1 hwa
the Renaissance
+sk culture
BZ r PU
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
I often walk to school because it is close to our house.
1. *@ol Q 22% +-8l Q E&q ~8 7?-8 %%%i;tt 4014. Literature is "the expression of a nation's mind in writing." ( W. E. Channing)
2.
kb%&Ld& P i e 8&@~ ) x ] z 9 + 4 1-0)41.&? Do you know what kind of degree Mr. Park has?
3.
tiligJ3.11qe3 @33+ +7) *PE%txl
91-01?
Do you know who put forth the heliocentric theory? 4 +7F &%. 4. @F+;P W342Y ) : gB41-012 Extensive knowledge and great ability.
=
$' 4 4 4 OF- QtS. Important documents should not be hoarded but should be read by scholars.
I f 4 ~ 14@1-O1 4 9 711 B % s ] 4 7 F - k 7 F %I%3 0 1 4.
3. % l k @
BE13923E*41 4 9 A1 (L.R. Jones)
,,rJ 202
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
Characters; Edncation
Here, we see the character originally indicating a hand gripping a brush or a pencil. The feeling of a hand and stick still remains. Those markings a t the very top relate that a brush or a pencil was made -jt- 9 from bamboo.
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
s g z 471
taking notes
]
gg
BRUSH PENCIL
-1
% .
fz
4 -7- %! 9 y6n 3 $1 cha
8
+
4 6 %5 t'ong F9-Q% 5 tick pJ-&
% Xd
chip
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. %+ 2x4 7k8)-4-.The pen is mightier than the sword.
s 1
2. mB*q
g'lt;14
2iL6)*)
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
3 $2 771 ki ~1q % AI sa
71 f
*5!iOyi 4-3 @*q
-1zz* 401 61%
ei=-l-.
If you could't follow Dr. Chiin's lecture, then you must at least borrow and read notes taken by other students. H F ~ A )44. Our newspaper's 3. 4%P+E~ + - ~ l RIEiq writing staff will be changed starting next month.
203
This character means a letter, a document, or s6 "to write. " The top radical represents a hand (3) holding a pen or a pencil. The radical TO WRITE below denotes "day" or "every dayn(H). LETTER So, the combination of the hand DOCUMENT a 4 radical and day radical is under- 10 S. El stood to be "correspondence."
p' il
MEANING AND SOUND
?,&d
44- copying; transcription i " g@,44 brush and inkstone qLLrt the writer; an author - -gB 4%a pencil case; a brush case 4 A j 9% headline 4 4 writing
-V1V5\"-YYM?"
b ~ 71j a clerk; a secretary
@sr -
MEANING AND SOUND
-
Aj
calligraphy; penmanship list of books
+-
43
71
a bookstore; a bookseller's
3%Aj zq
a study; a library
+% 7J
k
g2 71 ki
% !E
S mok ch6m
71741
j.d
to
@f Xfl
chae
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
$ 0 1 4 4 %4 :4 7 4 i.;F "I@-61 515. -F .')+3f 2%+*k 201 324 S_k ~ * J q 9. ;f+ T* r"1 l Y 7
In three years a school dog is able to read compositions. 2. 01 ~ J b l ] BJ&b]l f l4 +? 4 41 4%24 -& If I stop by a bookstore this time, I will buy a book about space travel.
,-+a+.
3.
B2-k ME@!@4]Aj
E.
?% 9 ~17&4#$kg%8kiL 2 q.
Calligraphy is practiced one hour a week in elementary schools. 4. 31 %%& 2%41
4 3 4 4:
244
2 0 1
~ 1 4~L@B% 3 ~ ) ~ k X 74 1
204
Characters; Education
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
In ancient times, the writer used thin, narrow slats of bamboo, starting a t the top and writing downwards. Afterwards, connected slips were tied together, thus forming a book, as is shown by the old character. "Document" may also be the interpretation.
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
BE
3
a bocjkcase
#@,11q]
a book box
34
(+$s).
I
@a ?11 @ #I
bookstore
R9.E 343J
It represents an ancient canonical book (ffff) that was placed on the table(M). Ancient ch6n books were written on laths of bamboo, tied CANONICAL together The scribes imagined the BOOK modern form (M). 8 S.
ch'aek BOOK VOLUME 5 S.
MEANING AND SOUNI)
@
U!
&g$$
kwe
$k$# 4 Q ) elegance; refinement %% regulation; rules &-$% 7J4 classical books
E? 3 pang
a bookshelf @?, 2 chang TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
RF)@
1.
% B ~ Z!.a+ 2-g
4 4.
Ch'aekpang and s6j6m mean the same thing. 2.
%R 441 9+ M& 9 ~ 1 4&N%ol+. The book on the desk is our textbook.
%+4 24. The book-
3. Rq@+ ~)gt+++ %+% RI)o] 9 shelf is beautiful but there are only a few books worth reading. 4. +t] @$Q B$jg $+m$$&@DJ I&%%+. Our school's book-
store only carries foreign language materials.
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
kap
q ~ Ek % sang 4 % $@ 3 c h a w
a leaf of a book
205
7J c & z
MEANING AND SOUND
%Y Q)-%%% 0t
a pawnbroker's shop
7)7)1
551
3$.~&
@.
7
4 typical
:
& @ rahclassic; ~ ~old books
:
%$&i~ld a dictionary; a lexicon ', g$ I -
,a9,,
4,
@
P'O
a
$J chang
24. $$$ y ch6k 7-1 4 4 hyiing 2.3
& 3 ko
98
AI sa
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE #OR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
zESMiSoll ~ & 4R%58 4 +++q $&Es)~L @@%)q 4745 4 1 711 3 ~ 1 $4 %A?!. %a+.I wish that all the classical
books stored in Kyujanggak could quickly one day be arranged, translated, and widely read by researchers. 2. 4 3% 5 6 1 =)*x 4.61 71 E 7j A j &@&y?J 70J Z j % zoJ+. That person's eyes are blue, his features are large, and he is tall, so he looks like a typical westerner.
.//.
206
Characters; Education
Pictorial Sino- Korean Characters
This character originally meant a map, and later came to mean a matter written on to paper, "to draw on paper" or "to project on PICTURE paper. " According to another opinion, it is the CHART plans to be made to order one's 14 S. ~ - g!iigranary when there are too many grains to be received therein.
Two hands (tt) manipulating an abacus ( El ) made of bamboo(R). Humans have been san -computing-manipuladng and comparing CALCULATE COUNT numbers by the abacus for centuries. 14 S.
(a), (a)
4 3 kt
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
$$$& arithmetic; calculation $$/% 4% computation; calculation 4 ",F calculation
$I%
9,~ k~d&ii'chc"u~ationiL 'I
%g ;f",F calculation on the abacus fl$$& E)GZ~selfish; calculating
MEANING AND SOUND
$&+ su 2
el+%E%am
'F$
3
% ?C
>
-
:,
~ U
fl EIt'a
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
HRB@ BB-k % H X c t @Hb]
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
ms
EL-1
books
mBf@ Ey 4 a
tfS 1 ch'ul
4 % 8 #I kye
207
4 +4. The level of
arithmetic in primary school is higher in Korea than in the U. S. 2. %%)+ 7-1 4 @BE. %F?] 34.The man who uses an abacus well can do mental calculations almost as fast. 3. Bfehas £+$if 4-9 8BB-S *4R4-3 94. Modern people are using a calculator instead of an abacus. 4. A)@o] vly fig&b]4 $_J?~137171 4 4 4 . If a person is too selfish, it is difficult for him to make friends.
library
m% ~3 a design; a sketch m# E a ] an explanatory diagram %m ~1 E implementation &B!
~15 map
MEANING AND SOUND
+ s A{ s6 4 f@ a kwan 34 A -
9 an
+ @ 4 hae ~13% 8 A1 shi
+ & XI chi
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1.
4 s as%,
g2.3 71% ~fl-+s]. A house full of
books, and a garden of flowers. (Andrew Lang) 2. Rf) %$ % nB9F 24. A room without books as a body without a soul. (Cicero) 3. Rf)+ 4%4 MBf@+4JR51.211~. When you want to read books, use the library. 4. &Zhl-+ E%%@714-44 9 3 4 4 f l b 1 M&E 94. Each classroom has a world map and various types of other charts.
+
+
L-q
Characters; Architectural Structure
13. @ B 7d3
3 Door 9 (mun)
Architectural Structure
,,Hear
3%Ask
-r= 0
9
S
(mun)
gzz01q ns-tq 01 -&+q8l-q 4 gH @+38l-7)g RILhZl-4 zl-.
(mun) @ !, $
Between (kan)
~ ) d ]
a
@@)z$ S! @%+
(E5ft-F 2 : 1) Solomon determined to build a temple in honor of the I1 Chronicles name of the Lord, and a palace for himself. 2 : 1) )j .z 5!&8)5), x) 'q 5%~ J 5 q8 3%) $ 3 ) z)3. 61 4 1 'q g.3 El)~Jz)q zJg+ R3j%)x 9 qZ)=l, XI g
<
++ a4 g+- 4 +- &m 9 7 1 1 %)4+z] g zif4771 9 4) s 6-1 3 + Sz)x) ~ 1 % 4 z9fqL-l A & + q %+ #z\ S 2F% Z 4-4)
~)%oj)
61
52-
-g XJ] 43 @@e)*tjz]. (BUt&2Z 11 : 3-41 They said to one another, "Come on! Let u s mold bricks and thoroughly bake them;" so they had brick for stone and asphalt for mortar. Then they said, "Come o n ! Let us build a city for ourselves with a tower whose t o p reaches unto the heavens." And the Lord came down to s e e the city and the tower, which the children of men builded. (Genesis 11 : 3-4)
/
ZA
.
33J-Bolt
x
+ ?
9%Shut
02
Open
2)7l1
209
Door
4 71 By*] 4 + ? ~ % l 4-s Pn1 ","*I-Ea-17F$ $%#??% 0 2E ~ + f q 7 F q 4 2 4 9%?LAzl@. (-s-@GS1 0 : 9) I am the door. Whoever comes in through me will be saved; he will go in and out and find pasture. (John 10 : 9) gz]q q-4 7) r y q 4 1 4 -7-54 k 4 +=f+21 q %rig+ +x
"?g 47) 2 ~ 7 I ] ~ S ~ 7 F 4+4 ~ I L Lqlil.I-& 4 3 L ~ j $4 q 2s)zi. (s*J%%&% 3 : 20) P'Jf
Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone listens to my voice and opens the door, I shall come in to him and dine with him and he with me. (Revelation 3 : 20)
B%f+l-4& 0L41 A-l %&5fl 51 6-1 7F x 44-E- %% oJ41Jj 3kq"d @%I.'?_dF%7k 471 4Zl-441f ",t4lLj x l q x j 7FLL151. ( 4 1 ~ 1 k 2t : 21-22) -1",r]~j @&4-.5 4
T h e whole buildipg, framed together in him, raises into a temple that is holy in the Lord, in whom you also are built up together for a dwelling of God in the spirit. (Ephesians 2 : 21-22)
21 0
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
Characters; Architectural Strrcture
The character represents a two story building, which resembles an imperial palace or a shrine.
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
3 4 a court lady; a maid of honor 414 & k ny6 + E & 3g rice fields owned by the 4 7$$ E l tap
g&
royal family
B 34 a royal chamber rb 8 & 3d a palace
2 shil 4 3 % x;! chrjn
+
2%an
y & ~ k o
ancient[old] palace
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. P&+? s41
+f?k *4 *2x--?j BS-3 4 4 s 4 1 4
+*+.
3 8% f%%Sk$Kungdap is the rice paddys and fields attached to the palace, and by farming this piece of land they provided all goods needed in the palace.
TjFt
2. 4- 7?4?01l+ &@PI-+B%%;r4x+"!4. In spring and fall, every old palace is packed with tourists. 3.
--?-I*q %@B'& #AS *I+++
A
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
% !2 Z! k ~ 6 n 4 4 8 G kwan
a valuable opinion
Bg 2&a
&g'q 4 4.
Kyrjngbokkung is one of the most beautiful palaces in Seoul.
ko HIGH 10 S. Rad. 189
MEANING AND SOUND
--L-
high-ranking official
fiif:a x% high-quality
A
+
&g
This represents a very tall building or house with two stories. This is made use of as a radical.
kung IMPERIAL PALACE 10 S.
21 1
%%
--L-
,Zj$$*g 2%3~1 the high civil
++%
service examination
#& El ~ C P % s tfing % 3 ko
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. EB+&(ok=+4) : EB+? @244-24 %4. High ideals, insufficient ability. 2.
47F 72
o i t
%)ST+ gje$*3$
41
g.61 q- 32dq-g
%*Fx] 3 3 ) PtF*q-. ~ A man who I know very well took the civil service examination three times but he could not pass it. 3. XS,%lE!( 3 i ~ u F q ): %)**]
*x
$61
+a++ 503, 7k
3 0 1 4 %% S@%+QJ%+ 9. High sky and plump horses. (a splendid autumn)
21 2
This character is the representation of a warehouse, showing a side view of the building. (Genesis 41 : 56)
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
f$@ f@
+i~ a
ul4d-;;
sljTU!$?
granary; a barn
*r
%7,F& the first issue (of a
,&f? %3 story writing;
$$J& 33
creation
h
creation +
s I
-
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
$?$g 7&4- an auditorium
4 +q
$8
( s l y
s] ~l
A&
81 ha
q kok
f?U ch'ang 71 7L) kan 3 a rip
~ 1 % 3 chak
+3
z]
tang HOUSE SHRINE 11 S.
@ 3 ko
P
gIJ3 %q establishment; founding
This character was originally represented by a picture of a house.
34
$4 4
periodical) P
ch'ang
MEANING AND SOUND
#f
tj;+ warehouse goods
%B%% a P
warehouse
21 3
Characters; Architectural Structure
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
tho
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. 3 W H I f j P 93-q %Ba%el+ 3 3dSE 34. The three southern regions are Korea's "bread basket" and there are also many large temples in that region.
2. k@4l 2F4-g 61 X%+2 i-JBsF~l4 5). (+d-k17] 1 : 1) In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. (Genesis 1 : 1)
@q
MEANING AND SOUND
0-1 ?J @ 3 kanng
+ a village school,
where they teach Chinese classics
2
a restaurant; a dining hall
HJ
&4
shik
4
% sfl
Pae
41 tly $j- a church; a chapel
heaven; paradise
34I
SF+
Ad s6
a ch'6n
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
2-3-9 . k + + ~ j + %"g414 3@@% % 41 ;d 01 4. T h e art and science show is scheduled to be held in the auditorium starting Friday afternoon. 2. 20 4 @M4]-k 614 5 B@*l 9%+El\ % 7Fi213 5;'. 3 4. Twenty years ago there were still village schools in Korea and they were teaching the ThousandCharacter Classic, Discourses of Confucizls etc. 3. 4 514 $+-d71 ? Where is the restaurant? 1.
214
-
In ancient script the roof of a house is represented by an inverted 'V.' And that is the roof-shape of most primitive dwellings. I t originally represented "the inner room of a house, " and later generally 3 Y came to mean "a room."
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
u g m 44 indoors;
%@S A)?.'?
Eg
k4 a
nae
a conference room; a meeting room
$$$ tll pi
$a$@% (44 3 f )
0)4 q$3$71
7 1 4 4 271 1 .$. 4.
O L 4
Seoul-InchY6nLine
$ ojg
.
$% a
v
4 +%
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
01 iii
94.
3 s f l ~ j +2]+
3% q
The chairman had not arrived in the conference room yet, so we decided to wait a little longer.
%_.7d
a city of China Tokyo, capital city of Japan
iL,5? 84 Peking, 1.
capital city of China
-
s6n fI a in ,q-ir
3-+
Z)E)~J~Z
x+)z)
/5tc$% 4
Ky6nggi Province
%/5t
Our office is located on the 5th floor of the Taedong building.
3. p3$$41+
71 35
@ + mu 423 S on z
: Keep quiet indoors.
9~1-lBZ$ A% *Jd 5 E011
g
F
7ts.3 % iil kyo 4 3 8 El tap +& 5 2 E! ram %.I-% @ 3 pok ~3 71-2 Z! aF sang
3 1iz Mohammedanism
@g 31
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
MEANING AND SOUND
a letter reply
3 1 $j- circulation
@@ 31+ restoration; recovery @?% 31 to recall; to reflect
i t
n
1 2 % H
4
$B$S 4-
n?f$$f% @ 4) -$ the
+.
I
$$a
447J E%q HE& +4 4.
The memory of past troubles is pleasant. (Cicero) 4. HL+@S (3lA22Jq) : p]++ 54 q 5L %+ a)-%.
I24 z/ kak
substance; contents
+
%"23
+
IF pok 7 s 8 yong
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
decided to buy my father a new car for his 60th birthday. 2. 01 ddf mg.11 4814 !.b%$$bl tilitis ~1% F,.4;3 %J+. According to this week's circular, Section Chief Park is going to observe the Korean branch. 3.
;Zd
4-+ $4 21 kwa 4 rlq %L ran a civil war; a rebellion 91% % mu 4 7 4 the Ministry of Home Affairs 4-k 26 ? PU the internal department
HE 4 + underwear
%;Y$d I've
~ ~ 1X7 1
nae INSIDE 4 S.
MEANING AND SOUND
a cabinet; the government
n$q4 Jlr Wf%L 4 G
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
I.
4
25 1
r
1.
4
-z R L ~ +mm3.114 BB-E;~-44 4.
My elder brother works a t the Ministry of Home Affairs. 2. K;bu$I.loll--q-k 7 $ + 6 1 1 ~ mtJ86i+ "d iGB71- 9.4. We don't need to wear underwear in Southern California. 3. .;%+ z ) - g ~ lm@* @gq g#7] % ~ k * +f$4.Whatever you do, you have to balance the contents and the forms.
252
Characters; Measurement
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
The s u n ( H ) peering through a tree(*) may also suggest direction-in this case, the east
(%).
tong EAST 8 S.
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
54% the
%$b
I
5uJ
& ' j?$ +o&
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
pEJ s mun 4-51 $b 9 pang
ERlk Aj 73)westernization;
5
an eastern country; Korea
Far East
the Near East
d%
Dong-a IZbo
the Orient; the East
$%%-++the
a% 5%
MEANING AND SOUND
East Gate in Seoul
- % ~ J $E H %dFgl the
t
@#z xj71 the Christian era; Domini (A. D. ) B@JAj + West Germany
01 a
~ l -' ~8tOc)
yang
43 $% + kiik 71748 t kiin
ER&
Near the East Gate in Seoul is a large scale market place. 2. %I3 El%+ 7461 $4 4 - 4 4 Et IFIlRMq Z 1 4 - 0 1 4 . The Dong-a IZbo is one of the most widely-read newspapers. 3. %%El% (%@-I f ) : 01 42-1~1 z q-x;.114 4 t d, S 9 SL. Busily going here and there. 4. % @ i % t k ( 8 4 4 % ) : W 9 9 4 4 4 4 -14%0 1 ~ 1 ~ - 1 E ?GE1 ~ Rgl-+ d, . The subjugation of many countries.
\ t
I
WEST
6 S.
3 ku Anno
s)% (k .$z)
#I?
St hwa 71 ki
% % tok ~l-4 ?% 9 yang
~j 024 an European style; western style -?Q Bt hwa ~j O&Z\ western painting TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. E % r @El42 6 1 5;t ElEd144 12&%93&BE%%FEt @$ +%+0$-3 24: West Germany is like South Korea in that it lives with the sadness of being a free nation that has a communist counterpart that is made up of people of the same race. 2. ?&fk%+ -i@jA@4lxj P3XS-S B & ~ ! I ~ aJ4. X They say Mr. Chiing majored in western art a t an art school.
fisg
4 9 q XAP'Jz~41+ 4 4%- T F Xmg.1 ~ 94.
si,
MEANING AND SOUND
Europeanization
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
?his character came to express the direction "west." When the sun goes down in the west, the bird returns to its nest.
253
a
A.A &m
254
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
II,,,,,
,I.,\,.
American Indians used to live in tepees in the South a lot. The door of a tepee is toward the One sheep (+) stands in cant ---.. south (g). of the door. This character represents the south.
nam
9 S. ..,.
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
MEANING AND SOUND
B@
4 -+g@
*+-
the South Pole
\@& %4south
and north
an invasion of the south 9% south wind %@ +fl the south sea 49 south-west 32J
aB
This character represents the north. The puk; pae picture of two men seated back-to-back. In Korea, north has always been regarded as NORTH the back and ~ ~ o y ~ Thus, DEFEATED d the 5 S. emperor's throne both face
SOUTH
J
%@
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
+ kiik
[email protected]@--++Ad i k 3 +tQ- the
4-g j k P U ~ 2 d k g @ 1 ch'im et@
%J!
@
+a-]
Aka* 44
S p9ung ha6
54
4 J i% hi 5 6
1 f l q 0 ) . - The penguin is the gentleman of the South Pole. 2. $Rol $3 -4 7F %cF+ 9019 4 . They say when the south wind blows it is going to rain. 3. @!Slq %%41+ Q$ ZT@qAd 94. There are about 3,000 islands in the South Sea of Korea.
Eit#Z&+ @+&q
%%@N41
5 + 0 1 9 3 01 4-
The South-North talks will go far toward the easing of tensions on the Korean peninsula.
the polar star northern regions
a dried walleye pollack the north latitude defeated; beaten
MEANING AND SOUND
4 +Q @ 5 kiik t>q fj 3 Pang 371
8 1
& Oi
6
## 81wi
~ (! 3 : pHae
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANS LATION. EXERCISE:
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: A -
4.
25 5
Characters; Measurement
i
I
1. ;ILTLS 7F4 !g&tI.Jf B Z l i ~ 4 0 1 4. When you head north, you will see the Yalu River and Mt. Paektu.
2.
@mq E%S+
a 5-3 01
01
4.
A common feature of'Korean houses is to have the back of the house facing the north and the front facing the south. 3. 44 2 4 4 $364 +? OF+ + 0 ] 3 4 4 Cf. My grandmother likes seasoned and steamed pollacks very much. 4. x-]-&$ jk#$ 37 4 . 3 4 %@ 127 E 4 -$dl .r;] 31 313. 9Cf. Seoul is situated in lat. 37'3'N and long. 127'4'E.
+
I
5-43. %-+- FJ3l 9%
256
Pictorial Sino- Korean Characters
Characters; Measurement
Christian life should be Christ centric by day ( a ) and by night ( H ) . @,% was an old name for Korea. This character # ! (AJ) is the combination of a fish(&) and a sheep (+). o)~J ; l $54
.The season that the warmth of the sun causes grass or plants growing up is spring.
ch'un SPRING 9 S.
MORNING /
',
%
257
represents
s
'I...
J
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
MEANING AND SOUND
m+!J a morning paper -_ 9%ZQ breakfast -
34 4 9 =fu
37,F
#4,tE4 morning and evening; \//
Pa- I% a Pan 4 4 4 s6k
breakfast and supper
,% a
s6n
$,kJ@J/i~y a morning gathering
n.2 @ SI
hoe
x$,kJi%k~ a dynasty
%$Korea's old name
% wang
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
l.''&**~ A% BfJf11%M X330-l A ?
+$
( 3 4 n4 )
: 6132ol)
&++ 4 4 i~
%Bm a
spring plowing
537) a hard time in spring
* *+ @w spring dreams; fantasies @% %+ the vernal equinox 3% 4 the first day of spring 33
the spring time of life
MEANING AND SOUND
972 %& Z! ky6ng E t P @$ 3 kung 3 t!3 s mong 4%% 3 pun +%
YZ u rip As p3 a ch'6ng
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
4- ' M q g f k k 412L($ga ) q 9%24. Spring is as changeable as a stepmother's face.
Mr. Kim, did you see this morning's newspaper? 2. "z9Q0)3Jq +t+"i$+ $54,f!$q]~j g4. The word "the land of the morning calm" comes from Chos6n. 3. Pzlk A @ s u F 4 h%dl $a@% d*. We have a morning gathering each Monday at 9 o'clock. 4. @+%&
@@ 5 4
kan
2%
@,@;ZAJ
.-.~/-"
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
-1 41
Z~J.
2.
--?q zj-gu+ +b]l
0t.J
41 +a, ijt? t 3 3%
41
B*LF+.
Make your whole year's plans in the spring, and your day's plans early in the morning. 3.
+ ~ 1 334
kr'fdl-k &%AS dl -24-7)4 4
94.
Written on the front door of our neighbor's is the four character expression meaning spring time prosperity.
258
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
Characters; Measurement
In the harvest time, &%) ripen and children pluck the grain out. They make a fire(jk) and scorchit. This character .represents the seasan of autumn. L-
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
5%the f Lf the
%&
MEANING AND SOUND
autumnal equinox
4%% E pun
harvest
7-)%4%3su
f si autumn waves; an amorous glance
&a +% autumn breeze &@ 5-P a
jot; a whit
R%4'
late autumn
%%
spring and autumn; years; age
LT
34
dl-9 44
@ '
$4
.-
I
Q $$
b ch'un
61 A\
3 tang I
-2
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. 3-ol-xj
4 01 4.0J-E9 %&oJxl
%OF?
Do you know what his house number in Huam-dong is? 2.
Z$&S%7ld
+ 4-? ~i-7lk4 ('1 4.
The telephone numbers are changed much too often. I
1
) + + % ~ ~ y 6 k
. . .. . .
I 1
[
9 a kiim
-
+ad being on duty
&%STGJ translation . u
8%' ?% %AS q-54.
When we refer to an elder's age, we use the honorific expressions ch'unch'u, y6nse, etc. 2. &llk .11+ 51 d t H 1 qA-18;Fl +q S% %?*I TE3-4. When harvest time has arr'ived, harvesting the crops is difficult due to a shortage of hands,
W P! p6n ?& & XI chi
-+1+8% She
+BJ
*
ALTERNATION A TIME
%
every time; as often a s
ef@$lately; this time
@S ho 9 man
%% BJ 9 (01)
pijn
M
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
a house number; a lot n u m b k
iit p'a
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
1
EL E p'ung
2%
dF%$
There are a big harvest field(l3) and many bundles of rice stacks. T h e farmer must count the rice stacks, and then pile them up in order.
AUTUMN
259
3.
9% 44-4-4.01 ~
~ 4.
~
~
We have moved to the address given below. 4.
@ms$
%%.Z ifB3~1-4 861 S 4 qq-Q-.
Translating Korean into English is somewhat difficult.
260
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
16. When children start to count, they start by using their fingers. T h e index finger corresponds to the numeral one. T h e second pictogram indicates the numeral two and the last one indicates the numeral three. Also we are familiar to the Roman numerals. When you turn the first three Roman numerals 90" it will make Chinese numerals.
I
I[\z-rOl llI>ZA4#J
34 The Military
oiE 1 S. ) .
A
i
TWO S.
-
4
Sam THREE 3 S.
4ki63a % 3 % G 3 4
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
-3 $+ a
part; a portion
-a 9%January s- 9 the first; number one ,711
MEANING AND SOUND
3 F PU 9 a a WOI
4-+
% lill 9 -k Ad
2l-a)
che
1-l-AJ 01
twenty
IE
0) 94
two hundred
$jv4
AJ-iJ
three thousand
92J ? a ch96n
A&%-
the third class
7~-1 3 5 tiing
z?
%,
ship paek
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. - g - & j ( g ~ J g * ) : Eg)jz 93. &j$&E.$ 4 UF D .
%e%p]
Having both merits and demerits. 2. I S h & (01T o J + ) : a man of dual personality. 3. 3 M E & ( A J 2 2 s ) : the three bonds and the five constant virtues. (Confucian moral principles) 4. 3B-@ (AJ-4 gal) : the Trinity.
Spear i!t (kwa')
/
I
2 ~ Soldier 1 2 Bow % ( P Y G ~ ~ ) 3 (kung)
/
Preside At (sd n&&
ZLqEE 4-Lt1-dqE9j41EBB5 IfXs\q. 6 1 t E%-$ 9 1 4471 fjL51 gg@%)z 2s $$ ei5.3B.11 71 8g-01q. ZLsiq A-1 A-1 EEz L44 *4Z-I=lS 4 3 sq lw3 -$+la F%q B? Q-.;t 2 23 AJ-& A$I;I_ 3iZ 8 # 41 ~2%q 71x1 a 01 3
4 fjksl E-.;t 34 3ie AR-%#H%\= &@q +7-* %sq .&I + i3)-+Qq D,F+% 7)-4s). (41~1&% 6 : 13-17') Take up, therefore, the whole armour of God so that you may be able to stand when you have done all the fighting. So stand your ground, with the belt of truth tightened around your waist, wearing the breastplate of righteousness on your body, with the readiness of the good news of peace bound on your feet; above all taking up the shield of faith, with which you will be able to extinguish all the flaming arrows of the 'evil one. And take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the spirit, which is the word of God. (Ephesians 6 : 13-17)
/" 262
XfdW-
cL-
v
Characters; the Military
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
/+I
263
o=o
This charactel. combines the radical for vehicle (q)with the radical for cover (* -) . The come resulting idea ofsato mean "military. "
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
T$z
q@
371
MEANING AND SOUND
$2 71 ki f2 @ 3 nap
military discipline
39 the
purveyance of supplies
~2 @
p'E@js%8Slq a court martial qs ?+ munitions
4 +%
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL LATION. EXERCISE:
b\g++
USAGE
I
%,I I
=% , , 4 71 %fJ 4
a branch of the service
.I)-+
$411 kwa
weapon; arms
2%
% 71
force of arms; military force +??$Q to enrich the country and increase its military power
m%& Bg 39 military police(M. P. )
= ,= !.
E
+ su
ki
3 ;fi Ej rydk
++
5
73-3 4 % !?i
pu kang
hh6n TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. S N u l - 4 %%7t3 r s 4 ~ k FS41 S&4-3Fg-5+ z ~ F 43llH u$-$ g@+%6SI-fi]4 Each military occupational specialty is different and generally speaking, any prior study or specialized training is used as a reference for deciding what kind of training and duty a person will do in the military.
i? kuk
mi
FOR READING AND TRANS-
%ecrl%
1. TS&%( 3 f F ~ J . k ) : 4+4 %+sf 3%. A massive army. 2. 3 4 4 T2rBL-k +d+-~l 3 g 4 1 #f!&S\Al q q 4 3.9 cf. Since last year, my brother's company has been bringing
2.
a profit by supplying the U. S. Army.
3. %%$- @% 4-41 H%4 %nl1 @K@%f+&% Q 3 4 3-3 94. Every spring the U. S. armed forces join the R. 0. K. forces for one month to participate in Team Spirit.
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
I
S I hoe
3 PI
py6ng SOLDIER ARMY
7 S.
21 Gi
=f% % 44- la
m@?3 the national army 2 the U. S. Army
-__---
71 7,F
or services for an army
b]
This character is represented by two hands (B9, ,I)-brandishing a battle axe(J7)-symbol of the soldier.
kun MILITARY 9 S.
,
+.
E E g t3* 9 '4 7) %%% 'I.FxRBs'JAe-%-34;a;JaSkx 9+.
A white M. P. car is blocking the road and the civilians are being inspected. 3. @&gW ( ~ + - 7 l j ) :T h e grass and the trees as troops.
264
I
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
This character means troops. ( [5 ) means fla and the radical (g) a pig. T h e amusing analysis suggests that the nature of soldiers is somewhat unsavory and the flag denotes uniformity of thought and action. "The herd ... two thousand. "(Mark 5 : 13) L
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
a4%
a rank; a file
qR 3 4
an army; the troops
4 %@ 414
joining the army; enrollment
+I@
discharge from the military service
9 4 a company; a troop
tae TROOPS BAND 12 S.
MEANING AND SOUND
",9
yq
% ryijl 34 f n@ o d2i pkun
Characters; the Military
By combining the derived form for cupped sa hand ( ) with the radical for mouth ( U )-, the* PRESIDE character 6r "chmand" was formed. COMMAND 5 S. A--
*'$
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
3 A)-* JJ a commander 8 E @ x)q 74 judicial power qgz,!$& 9 a state law
?!I*
7)9cl1
MI che 55 chung
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. S W 8 4 4 3-% !$gF4& G3. 7FE +*I qG-%FG. During a military parade every file is lined up perfectly straight as if it were cut by knife.
2. 4%&%q@G+A~SFZF~F~F %FBbsAIR!$.+. As soon as I graduated from the high school, I enlisted into an armored unit. 3. RRa;F f&414 ai&@ ? j - d 1 ~ 0d~J7sl F~ Q2%!gll461G. After being discharged from the service, I am planning on working really hard in auto maintenance.
?,s&4 @&$$>q
ryijng P
8 3 % ,@ 3 hijm
examination a librarian
+ 26
"d El P ~ A ] @ % 3 A1 shi
~ l - d dA]
41%
265
3
-*-,
3-9 @
xl- the chairman: 'm. c.
A-( s6
ZI hoe
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. .j**1 4 3 +% 9 41 2 A)-* q+gQJq 4. That person is the newly assigned 2nd Division Commander. 2. L)1 4-4-7101 9 FJ&$$@d] &.Wf%)$+. One of my ' college passed the state law examination lately. classmates at 3. +zl
MgJ@ EJgl%+ !&2E
9 2J~J-q-q 4.
~&%)-3l
Our librarians work hard and also are very kind. 4. 2 4 0J7]%+ TV & E Z X ~41 !A ~ -1 q@g u&iL She acts as m. c. for a popular television show.
+
2 4.
266
Characters; the Military
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
267
,% T !firm This character is the combination of ( A ) and
This character means fighting or struggle. One man holding a stick, and another person trying to take it away.
-
a spear or weapon(%). The character represents the idea that a soldier holds a weapon and attacks, or destroys.
chaeng FIGHTING CONTEST
8 S.
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
MAENING AND SOUND
qzk 78 li an argument
4 %% & E! ron @!%!I 7.8 4 a point of contention 4 %k a chijrn qJfX~ 8 gain 4 in a contest; obtaining 42 @ 3 1 ch'wi *@$@ ~8 Qxd a struggle; a contest 4 9% @ t'al &q 4 7 8 a war; a battle a)+ @ a chrjn TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
%9+,4.21- kb$18 7-1 OCF 31 E H%@9 01-94 9 4. A war, even the most victorious, is a national misfortune. 2. 4 4 01-4 k*b st+-01 -2 E?.e/l\3i0JMk9sS1- Trn})Q4 1.
tk%@90J % B 8029CF. The renowned Russian writer Leo Tolstoy wrote the historical novel War and Peace and received worldwide fame.
4
6 S.
bdv4(3C)
I
$
I ,j L F
HIGH FREQUENCY COYPPUNDS
+ felling;+w+ hew~ng;logging &% 3 2 1 timber cutting &@ 3 3 weeding a grave @& 2% @& ZJ 2
i ,C
u: I
4
*+
3. sli%K+ ~t 3J-k H%A, R++ %+ 7-1 &S+ 4 01 4 , % i9b-k ?%+ G I Z ] ~82014. The military means lethal weapons, war means that which is not virtuous, and a general officer is an official who creates death.
p61
ATTACK
A
a&
bloodiness; savage conquest; subjugation SYJsuppression
*
MEANING AND SOUND
q? 4 3
#%
9
5;"?.
%$4 4
S mok ch'ae 3 ch'o
& sal
a chrjng
8 !E
t*o
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. 41 4-kF61 iJW 5 g B*%kdl X-I4lzl 994. Three people logged trees all day long, but they did not finish it. 2. %+ ~ $ - 5 7 143fl &*fy%61 &g*\q. We need to clean the land to make it into farmlands. 3. @M#+d %.2?1 %@414 BtkQ &@7t 5JdB4. During the Korean War, a bloody battle was fought at the Naktong River area. 3. iH#f?$Sfi%RB69dl. BE%+. The Reserve Army had a successful operation fighting with Red guerrillas.
3: 268
"
ek-i-J
$1 C
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
'
and later modified t o ( A ) and finally ARROW stylized: (3). The proverb: "It is easy to dodge a spear in the open, but difficult to Rad. 111 avoid an arrow shot from hiding." (*),
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
56
A]
4
71
MEANING AND SOUND
5
arrows and stones
$%$?A 34 a
poisoned arrow
+*
short term; a short time
&+ 4
defect; a fault
6y
s6k
+ tok %
9
knowledge; acquaintance
@% ~ 1 4wisdom
tan
a cham 4
shik
X+ @ Al chi TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
3
%Q+ 4 ~x. r t
$71
~ l - 64 11
4 5 3 2 6 1 $$61%+.
k!JjB?iL3 4 .)%+ %RP 0 2 3 , @%z+ $q -1% 9uB+ g Z ) L q i+. ( s g 18 : 15) An intelligent mind acquires knowledge,
and the ear of the wise seeks knowledge. (Proverbs 18: 15) 3. bc] E*+ ?$kg%)+8 61 @%q &*a1 9,74 -+ski $-g. 6) 361 M@6]51. The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom, and the knowledge of the Holy one is insight.
+
3m
Q
The shape of a bow. It represents the bow being pulled out. The proverb counsels: "Draw your bow, but don't shoot."
-
kung BOW
3 S. Rad. 57
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
G%
3E archery; bowrnanship
%,% Ts-P) bow
5%
MEANING AND SOUND 72
9 ,% a t
and horse; horsemanship
$5 archery; bowmanship
s$%3-4
bow and arrow
51%
95guidance;
GIN
6J++
lead
quotation; citation
25 E to ma
~ j f
% sul
313 %
A1 shi
41
2
ff-
+2
H 2s ~ o n g
.!E to
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
I did not
know that my friend had come back as quickly as an arrow. 2.
269
Characters; the Military
94.
The Korean women's archery team won first place in the 1984 Olympic Games held in Los Angeles. 2. %@@R E@'%-$ QP?'.'JC4 6kq-l) G S 4 l Z +?STI~) 94. The Hwarang (Knights) of the Shilla dynasty had to be proficient in not only general knowledge but also in archery horsemanship. 3. %%SQ-S43 &El41 5 - HkkG %@41 GIS%4. Deacon S6 led one sister to our church last Sunday.
270
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
Q%
This is a pictograph of a spear. The original spear had a horizontal bayonet and a threeprong stand.
i!t
%L
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
2 9 4-7J- spear and armour 2% 4%the sharp point of %@ 4%spear
gj& E@
a spear
and buckler
kwa SPEAR 4 S.
% *I ) * -PP
severance
vj
2
%@ A]* %#@4 - 3
pong
2 sun
% &3
kybng
4 4 4. Failure teaches success. %Z&AR414 &t4%4uJ4 +& @@Arn*l
MJ51
.zz]i L
qg
0J
i=]
9 q &%0] 4.
.Spears, shields and arrows are Indian's weapons. 4.
g$JQz.z fgp@ m 01 @%=l94. The gale tore up telegraph wires.
a gunner
HJA]
reflection; reverberation
to
9
MEANING AND SOUND
% @ 7$ f ? i $2 2 5 6 1
Q
..
gratitude; thanks
kybk sal
E! pan
++ &
a 3 chbl
Japan was totally destroyed in World War 11, but now it has become an economic superpower. 3.
killing by shooting
s6ng
*&+ &Bq
** +.
firing; shooting
A]+ A
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. 2. El
sa SHOOT 10 S.
aimed a t if.
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
'?a kap
%% #$
2 41 3 01 5
T o shoot an arrow (9): (%) is the representation of a bow with an arrow. &) was transformed into (Tt-). used to mean the hand (h).Some says that the character is the
27 1
Rad. 62
HJF~~
success; achievement
%@ 4 GL cutting;
a
MEANING AND SOUND
4 precaution; warning Ad
Characters; the Military
i
pang
9%'E 3 chu dl 2 A[ sa
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1.
%OQll$$!+ 9+ -ti-"= 41% 4 i4%q4 & BM%00194-.
During the firing exercise the most difficult thing was the night fire. 2. 2&*3IlR *-& 441 -%NW HI 9% I got an expert marksmanship medal during the basic training. 3. %fiB%%7)5%%BEN= *b?-ot You must get inoculated if the flu is going around.
a%%+.
fw.
272
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
1
I
This character represents the fighting between two people. During their practice in Korean Taekwondo, they spar against each other. It means "to fight. " T h e simplified character is
'
t' u FIGHT 20 S.
A shepherd named David carried a slingshot to take care of flock. When David fought with :Goliath, the stone hit Goliath and killed3him. -..-The- --origin of the ---character is the, wrapping of a s t o n e ( 6 ) / 4 )I 3 by the belt. It now represents the idea of a cannon.
m --
1 -
^-.--^-^--"
la)
P'O
CANNON
10 S.
r
.
-
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
+d
MEANING AW.$OUND
a dogfight
Z! k y h
7ll
Ri$@
+71
a contest; a match
3IF
@-I@
+ad
a struggle against a disease
@+
fx8
fighting
4 3 % !4j +P %
4 + a severe fight
~2Q
4
f
boxing; pugilism
a4
3
++
2.
zr-+3 _3 % 4 t
t3!&7F
q-4-4
bombardment; an artillery ;- attack
<
chaeng
;@$!%$ Y4j
--!
ky6k kwon
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. g f & g @ ( * x J x F - ) : 9$ Hard fighting; a hard battle.
@%;%;7
py6ng
71 ki
z, XI chi
f$j& +x] a fighting spirit
H I W fFXEQUENCY COMPOUNDS
@I-+$,
uL4-3lct.
He was much of a fighter in his younger day. 3. qq ,qk+$-$ 3 7 ) : 4 91 4-4 sk$$ 332 5% 4 50 0 8 0 \ 9.Husband and wife quarrels are like cutting the water with a knife.
i:.)
@Q 9f b$h.3G %ti$ 4 z
an artilleryman the boom of a gun
MEANING AND SOUND
3 f@% ;1 ky6k 24
?%
py6ng
EZf a
sang
a hunter
kI- ? $ . s u
a cannonball; a slug
9 h B hwan
a cannon; a gun
A
t CH tae TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. 9 4 1 3 7)- 9 4. I lost my hearing because of the bombardment during the Korean War. 2. 4%@&LS 3%E¶ B%iS;t 3 0 1 94. I have had the experience in serving as an artilleryman for three years. 3. @@BE(x%Q+) : @%Qi 9 a& 2% $9 ; &g@-J &@% %i++3. Cannon smoke and a shower of shells. (a furious battle)
274
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
A security guard is on duty in front of the main gate. The etymology of this character is the crossroads (now 6)with footprints in each avenue of approach, representing soldiers surrounding and guarding the I center.
wi 16 S.
R
f&&@l@ 4 -1 57 guard duty
Bs 4 4
a satellite
@@
defense
HJq
q%@
oFGr+% Beauty .kd Song
g
Dl
Sound (iim)
(mi)
71
(ka)
+ Drum 3 (ko)
q q ggA50)- 6.1 z43 44 4Z~C]. 3@+EE* 71q DF% 51 3 + s.GT. %%-" s q dPtnl] B%iS)iLO$, e E E s %@% z1b-l 4, 4 k.4 z 3%kzqs)q f 4 kc]1 155%l S%+2 2)4 G. (Z3R 33 : 1-31
++j'$~mu
3 3
' .
+
saeng
&! sang
q-% I% 3 Pang
i .h*i
kq
B
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
hygiene; sanitation
'...
ESCORT GUARD
(B-)@>
$@& 4 -1.1
f$ (I$& X !!!!I&
Q -
G-1
a janitor; a gatrkeeper
s% Eq an escort; a bodyguard
xl
Sing for joy in becoming to the lyre; Sing praises Him a new song; (Psalms 33 : 1-3)
q-+ su 3 a ho
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
the Lord, 0 you righteous ones; Praise is upright. Give thanks to the Lord with the to Him with a harp of ten strings. Sing to Play skillfully with a shout of joy.
4%k ~ l S a B 5 1 q BE* %%AS 3&Bgzlq4. 31 4 S T 4 -1Bg1-F.. 1%4 $4%3%%2714+. 3 kc1 LF+ @%2.3. 3q%q-q 4%g g 2 s %#jjiQ~]q q-.
I had guard duty last night, so I need one day off. 2. 71'4 %Moll &&FP Z 3 % &RB%G. I got three credits for sanitary science last semester.
(%$El150: 3-5)
++
Praise .Him with trumpet sound; Praise Him with harp and
3. A L ~ i 2 - E?@R%P 49 m@Z"l+. The artificial sateIlite is the special experimental room for space exploration. 4. EE&$ll#ol 24. Today we have C. D. training.
lyre. Praise Him with timbrel and dancing; Praise Him with stringed instuments and pipe. Praise Him with loud cymbals; Praise with resounding cymbals. (Psalms 150 : 3-5) rl?
277
Characters; Arts
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
276
The movie projector is one of the best tools for the audio-visual education. When you operate the projector, you need a screen which reflects a man in action. This character means "to reflect. " (@) is the comdl 4 2 j bination of light ( 8 ) and a man ( A ) in the center(+).
~bng REFLECT
9 S.
@
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
m q i 4 a famous picture
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
&%
% 71 ka % @i 3 myiin
4-4- an artist; a painter
1% @)zF* TV or movie screen &a +$ a cartoon; a comic picture
1
3-361
+%&+ *I %
4 4 a fresco; a wall painting
@3
%% 4 @
ezq
41
*+444
%-7J+.
34%
a cinema [movie] actor [actress]
PYG~
\ -
reflection
Each newspaper has an interesting cartoon on it.
s?
4-41jF tr8 pae 4-4@ 8 u
,~t.,z,.
pan
44
k +: sang
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION EXERCISE:
1.
+
RaiWul-4- ~ 9 ~ 1@S7l2 t 44 $4.
, \
showing; screening
B Z Q l %-x??+z
A rice cake in the painting. (something unavailable) 3.
-,,,
2 % At
3 % @ &t sang 23 3 St hwa
image; reflection
rnyiing
-
g++ 7F471-k 3.
)I.
man
Every artist dips his brush in his own - soul, and paints his own nature into his pictures. (Henry W. Beechers) 2. s + k # ( q % ~ ) g ): ~ g 4 1 4 ;J+!zl~$IJH% S x &d? E!
9 ~1projection
@f@ 9
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. .!?-+SF$?+-
MEANING AND SOUND
b
4+ %EB%B
&RB @ M & ~ I4~ ~fl%+.
I learned how to operate the projector during the audiovisual education class. 2. 2 3 4 1 ~&bhG. That movie the gold award from the Asian Movie Contest. 4 % $44414 k&+*l+. The film is now on show a t Tansiingsa.
278
Characters; Arts
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
This character is the combination of (3) and ( R ) . (3) is the phonetic component of this ka SONG character, but it indicates the number of mouths or melodies. ( R + Z ) is the figure of 14 S. a mouth wide open. Hence this ~4 71 character means a melodious voice or a song.
A representation of a musical instrument. The symbol for music was once five drums (2Qi)representing the five tones of the rest upon a stand
a
#&
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
@$u!
an opera; a lyric drama
7)+
%% 7)+ a %% 7)-_g. a
@ma04
singer
R f i a -$-+I7) 4%7)-
gu
knk
hd
Korean national anthem
a popular song
3%a yo
4%
OH ae
a hymn; a psalm
-1a~t 0,r
$$$@ qa
paradise; Eden
MEANING AND SOUND
4 optimism
%% q7] a
musical instrument
#$@ qt+la
brass band
3 kwan
4&
53 @ 4
won
23 % 71 41 LH 44 qZ
ki tae
kq j$f
firn
kuk
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
$x+.
BB#B$X @r;iJQ4 % 0 l 2 Among the famous singers, there are a few who have switched to Gospel singing. 2. (4-4&7)): Songs are heard on four sides. (surrounded on all sides by enemies) 3. @&D)G+ gBR7) 94. Each church has a choir. 4.
+xJf
3%+-qmusic
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. %%%?- %AFE + 4 1 t
%@
%$' m$@ qq national classical music
% % wu 71g 3 Q ch'an 3%
rak; nak ak; yo MUSIC JOY 15 S.
(%-+%I
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
&L- % + S U
song; a folksong
3-7)- the
o$+
279
1. %+ k d E % 524 44. Even a sweet song, sung over much, becomes disagreeable. (limitation) 2.
4-q
o l - 4 4 -k Ei$
%%R414 4 4 43 f-+Bi'l
4-3Iq.
My uncle conducted a military band for ten years. 3. EES% (4 ~ o f l % :~ 7)1 %-44 $%4- +d%. Pleasure, anger, sorrow and joy-the passions. 4. -tT%LLl( ~ J T ~ A:~4-4 ) A ) Q + LlJ+ w-eq-. The benevolent like mountains.
naacr.
0-1~17t-
The Korean national anthem was composed by An Ik-t'ae.
1
280
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
\
This symbolizes a drum, with a cymbal and a stick accompanying it. With time, a hand ( 3 , K ) was incorporated into its scheme.
This character is the hieroglyphic figure of a dancer flapping her sleeves with a fan and decorations. Korean shaman dancer is significantly related to folklore.
ko DRUM
13 S. Rad. 207
$?$%xq drums and bugle horns E@I 3%beating; pulsation $!$g xq an eardrum $!$%x+ encouragement 344 &$$?$$ 2 the
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
$$@ y-+ a
9 @j 4 kak
%W"?. E 71
@
+4 the stage; the arena %@@ YES] a dance party
R/ mak
drums in Buddist temples
~ 1 .~] 1 4 ?%,
'%&94a
e*
+% 4111 4
%.a71%4-.
your hand on the left chest, you can feel the beating of heart. 901
$3 54
+ kok LH
tae
3%@ 5 to
+*fl
a a s6n
1. +-&;-94- A/ZFq-qTko14. Dancing, the child of music and of love. (Sir John Davies) 2. $qH-g 7k7J ,'f$*k~7F7J !%%@414 717J e O 5 4 - + SW1 4. Dancing is the loftiest, the most moving, the most beautiful -of t h a arts. (Havelok Ellis) 3. 1 ) :1 9 1 S3? ; CLllllol +4 42 AJ?$ a;F %%. Dragon's flying and phoenix's dancing. (a mysterious features of, mountains and streams)
+
BrnR94 +*%4 ZBRZ &
MEANING AND SOUND
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
%~;11 z]%a;Fq-:qzj-1/ZF%bl 3 4 5 4 *+.EL qz1+ 2 02. T o make a combined attack on a person. 3. 81% 71+41 +% $44 2 4 7Jq -trd~J4-. Placing
4.
DANCE
p6p
You don't need to beat a good drum vigorously. 2.
dancer's fan
281
ch6k
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
dance
@g
tong
mu
a drum and fife band
Characters; Arts
$4-
I saw a Chinese drum and fife band during the Korean War. 2k
282
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
18. @% 4
"Punjae, " the a r t of raising miniature trees in shallow pots(IUL) is an offshoot of the art of gardening, which is so much like the Japanese culture. It has roots in China through Korea. This character means a flower501E pot, or basin.
64
Pun BASIN POT
a
9 s.
filtl!E!ql ZPieE! MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
-$d
&g
gq
-
2%*xfl
9
a tray landscape; a miniature garden a flowerpot saucer
mt8
growing in a pot potting; planting
3 3 ky6ng
€4 2$E
EH
~2%
XH chae
Ad
Q
-$z] a basin; a valley; a hollow
tae
%S
chong
@ XI
chi
___?
g
81 hwa
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
+$
1. A++ dl 7) A4 n\ &@%I71 611 @VLiio] 4. Today is raining, so it is good time to plant a flower in the pot. 2.
AN+
dl 4 TI-, 4 241+ 53 q-s4-k$
*.
The city of Taegu is cold in the winter and warm in the summer comparing to other cities 3.
Occupations
4.q Eg- %#34-47lE&* 4 ~ % 4 . When I cleaned my room, I broke a flowerpot.
hag1 aJS%if
Nine of the earliest recorded inventors el-%+ +%I -2 $q ?!hal(EiUtkz!4 : 2) Abel invented shepherding.
7PJ+ BSst+ $4 &iB($UE324
4:
2)
Cain invented farming. %!3$ MAPI ?&al(%UE:Z 4 : 17) Cain invented the city. o t 9 - g E S 4 1 E+k Bq && (BJEZZ 4 : 20) Jabal invented tents. %"&+ ZF"* 927Jq tbal(bUE2Z 4 : 21) Jubal invented the harp and organ.
7kJ+
5-9719-E & B I q jlftB(BUEZZ 4 : 22) Tuba1 Cain invented metal working with brass and iron. kol-k
%&9@%@q
#B(@UEZZ 6 : 14)
Noah invented the Ark and zoology. k.o)t W@B &Eq ?&a (EU i EZZ 9 : 20,21) Noah invented' wine. 4 -1-g+-,+%kXq (BJfkE 10 : 8,9) Nimrod invented hunting.
?!ha
!/ 284
Characters; Occupations
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
This character is the combination of (+) and ( k ) .(+)is the hieroglyph of the head of an mok ox with horns and means a cow or an ox. PASTURE ( k ) is a transformation of (2)which is the SHEPHERD right hand hold in^ a roQ. It 8 S. 5 -shepherd or "to feed. " 71
The ideogram(?& for "pray" consists of a "mann($) kneeling before a table, which ch'uk CELEBRATE has developed into the modern character ($R). 10 S.
a
'R
MJ
g
($R-+R>
I
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
&f +-% a
&c$
&a
herd boy; a shepherd boy
al-01
2
tong
+-A)
a pastor; reverend; a minister /LS g$ A t sit
+p&
a pasture; a ranch
&s$j$ +f 0;1
stock farming
&& + ~ lpastoral duties && M>+ pasturage
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
8% a @R+E a +7)
~ 1 % :d- 3
chang
$x@
71 2sR m T
ch'uk
f18+A]
E% @ S l hoe
+-$& 9 pang
285
f~
44 % 71 ka
song of congratulation benediction; a blessing
MJ
$3!Z
to
f la toast; a celebrating drink
p &
$6 BY
pae
*+
a speech of congratulation
3 4 1 a festival; a fete
fag f 51 celebration;
congratulations
A t sa
44- % 41 che is1fll2 81 ha
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE :
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
31 71 E ++41 W1-k @ $ S 4 41 41 +4 L1 x++]gEa334 ~ ~(all 41 ulo) 3 : 15) And I will give you fl 4 S S B Z )q.
13171 %?&Ti% 2 4 4%!kal B W S $4 +%I+. When I got married, Mr. Lee sang a song of congratulation. 2. 41~4 F41-k @f@fl $i@7)- 24. At the end of the service, the reverend has a benediction. 3. 2-z mAg&& 3 ~ -18% 1 g- +q &zgS $bfF%+. All guests had a toast first, and then started dinner together.
1.
pastors according to mine heart, which shall feed you with knowledge and understanding. (Jeremiah 3 : 15) 2. o-] A]+ &@mq i+ Q E+FS'J +oL 34. Yesterday I consulted with Rev. Kim about the matrimony for one hour. 3. -Pl @%4 +I -t==F~lS-, q d 7t Z T o l A, k71- 5T3 4 1-1h s o l 9 4. (azz, J O ~1 : 3) 4 A, 0,F4.F-77
&$$f$@s+
+
1.
4.
4-1
A84
a%+ b%hml
W+.
Our college festival is held in September every year.
1%
*
(@) is the combination of
1.
0and @ in the human
@,
(E) which is an arrow(%) iii chest (C) forms the character for "doctor" - DOCTOR pulling arrows out of wounded soldiers was CURE 18 S. one of the earliest practices of q@ 21 doctors. ( 9 ) is a hand holding a scalpel ( 2 ) .(6)is a jar containing a l c o h r
#
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
g@
5. medicare; medical treatment
g@ A) SE qa
a medical doctor a hospital
g@f$qqE student of medicine FB$f ftq 4 a medical officer %%@ +XI q
@$4@6$
31
the physician in charge
jtq A)
a dental surgeon
41
7) ~ 4 ) o )
3-7)
2
$AJ
Et kwan
i
931 4 3x1 Z Z % - $4. ~ I don't know
+ %oL ESgbz $$$Bi?)x9t~.l 0)41119 ? DO
know how many years he's worked as an army surgeon. 4.
4 N-$OLk+ &HS@Z%+MI!$4i.11 94-q-1.. My cousin is a dentist in the 7th Division.
pathology
@% 9 41 condition of a disease %% a cripple; deformity %%E 9 +! a hospital; an infirmary @$%@ZJ+ 3 an infectious disease
55 to
% 31 ch'i & 21 c ~
py6ng DISEASE 10 S.
I
MEANING AND SOUND
sick leave
$4
%3!$!@
whether I should go to see a doctor or not. 3.
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
@E9 7 )
S ryo
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. 61 @m+ $%Q- s R 0 1 4 . This doctor is very famous. 2. Smi.11 A]
(r)
(re)
d
/'s g@ AI sa "d I!% a won 9~1E] q$ 4
One man gets sick in bed. This character is the combination of and (fi). is formed from ( , a bed) and (A, a man), representing the person who is ill in bed.
287
LU~J',
MEANING AND SOUND
4 Z+ @
Characters; Occupations
YOU
4 % @ 71 ka -1.53 ZI ri 71 4 3 YI se %
8 &I shin
4 I% 3 won 35 ?# 94 ~ 6 m
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
6 3 I.A physician is careless of his own
1 & +1
health. (the physician of others) 2. &fkik-=$ tl?"lE.11 AR5;F ~1 -7- B I301 44. Mr. Kim has been in the hospital since two weeks ago. 3.
B@%J$011 ( u F 4 ~3
7-11 !3k$7l-
224
6$i.1]Al+
&gsl-1..
: 12) ' The healthy have no need of a physician, but the sick. (Matt. 9 : 12) 4. O%@# (%ad A&@) : Misery loves company. 9
288
Characters ; Occupations
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
289
I
A farmer plows his grain field(I3)' and found an oil spring. Later, he built up an oil refinery. This character is the combination of water (. 7. ). and the phonetic component (EB) . It represents the idea of an oil refinery stack. It means oil. 7
a
YU
OIL
Pod like rising clouds; copiousness 23 f$ -$zd an oil field 9
..
I
&@fig .. . . .i$jB - $ ~ 1 .
.
-.
%-
an oil-tanker oils and fats
+zAJ
el 41
S
-$ oil; petroleum %-$ crude oil f -$& a gas station
E&kl .
.
3% 34
s$&Ffi
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
a
a chiin
~ z aJ
3
won
F
chu
a n 2 &we
a
I'll have to fill it up with gas.
a work
PYG~
= %
chiin
5-1= A RR
01 %
masterpiece
3 beginning;
!ill1
gl m y h g
~1 I& # Al
start
p'um
!E!
shi
9 p'ung
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1.
.
tT%k A%7 4 e4 -1ki6014. the human soul.
c
L
o
s
e
z
T h e writer is an engineer of h
2. f $EtFR (50\4-*;1) : To work day and night. 3. &f?ol *01 4 i 2 01 &f$iir717) 0-l 4 31 % 3 *% 4 01 A & e , 3 01 4 t-)-+ 9. Well begun is half done. 4 4. ( 9 t G 3 EI (-4:~d A J - 9 ) : RJGo]~ 1 9 %71x1 9%. A resolution good for only three days.
?e
Our village has a gas station.
$6-1 0t3O-1A.
4l--&
93 a good harvest
+cl % d l l b l ] ~Ei$%7)-44- 94.
4. @%%I%
C
9 93 a
*fa-++
Oil on the water. (Someone does not mix.) 2. ~ m 4 a11301 1 ~ e ~ 71, q +s~itie ~ 4 We don't need to import crude oil from the Mideast because we have a lot of domestic oil fields.
4s
military operation
f?& 3% production;
chi s6k
% 71 ka
+$o]
leave-taking; good-by
@ E cho
aB XI 6y
MEANING AND SOUND
an author; a writer
~iin
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. +$- #4] g 7 ] % : 4 s q + q x 1 5.
3.
chak MAKE
8 S.
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
A plumber(A) maintains a sink. He uses a wrench whose shape resembles (+). It means "to make. "
+
4%a
RI
I 290
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
Characters; Occupations
T h e metals are born from the earth. T h e showed the presence kiim; kim original seal form GOLD of four gold nuggets(%), concealed under METAL the earth (*). T h e regular form reveals only 8. S. two nuggets (&). I t is one of the radicals of high frequency, found Rad. 167 in a group of characters for metals.
Three components make up the character for skin: (8).the hand that flays; ( I ) , the animal skin; and the knife. It is the 107th radical of characters relating to the skin or leather.
(2)
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
&flu6%7&-4
&% 2 0 4
a diamond
an amount of money
&z54 a maxim; a golden saying &% 2& gold and silver a#$$& +!-By the 50th year, golden
(n),
7FF
11)
@
aek
-
4
9 an
L-
@
iin
?%$ S
hon
J--
eoJ9
~
~
hr
\.' , t
yij
wedding anniversary 41 S-taxes
H& 4 2 savings
4-2 % k(l se
++ flf?
5 S. Rad. 107
i.
ZA? Bu 70F kang n
p'i SKIN LEATHER
I
MEANING AND SOUND
01
El
29 1
~j chd
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
MEANING AND SOUND
E#?a] 41 a conveyor belt E@ + the skin &H$$51 dermatology E@ 09 superficial; shallow B$ leather; hides
4%$431 kwa ~ 's 1 %I @ sang 7FF fhy6k
@& 351 casting
3
3 1
+i$
5 1
3)5.
off; peeling off
% CH tae "12@ e pu 4
+ ~ 2 t'al
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
1. R&IE$R (BJ+A~4 ) : The golden age. 2. s o 1 5%%++. Money begets money. 3. 5%gsjge %J.t-@ gt+. Lend your money and lose your friend. 4. %H BiWR.1 %i@+ B E 6%614-.
In the U. S. the rate of sales tax is 6 per cent now.
2.
+
2 41 +71F %+- 04 90 4 - +I] + 01 EL] u)+-o1 94. Outside he is clothed in a sheep's skin; inside his heart is a wolf's. If you want to advance out of an underdeveloped country, you need economic advances and political stability.
292
I
Characters: Occacpations
Pictorial Sino- Korean Characters
--
.-
I
This character i s represented by a student carrying three book b o x e s ( q ) by the hand ch'wi (X). According to another story, it is a TAKE 8 S. person holdino an tIwas not unusual for a victor 0 71% 31 to cut off an ear of the vanquished in' order - P\ i''2 *3 ' to claim merit.
ear
whlrh
a
293
*-
It is manlike in form, with a large and f e a r f d head. Also it has a tail on it. It came to express the meaning of a demon.
kwi DEMON GHOST
[
J3IG.H FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
MEANING AND SOUND
~$31-2handling; treatment; dealing L 4 f acquisition; purchase
@fXt$g 4@ *)AJq
\+$I% = L
-
4
93 adoption or rejection 713
El
fatuous fires; an elf fire
%% +)i%\
a story of the ghost
3% 3 St hwa
%/ ,
s6n
[a
4 -1 cancellation; revocation 3#&s0 &&f4 JH collection of data; coverage 18 XH chae 4 9 % Z@ 3 t'al 3 4 capture; seizure
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1.
%1J( 4 s\
3 *J @ fl 4 A," %$ # 9 1J(
klp
% ttik
2M
4%azq R@;tBrJ+ @%I4if-49.
MEANING AND SOUND
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
!'
@5$
j
4 $
a ghost; a demon
44
a ghostly figure
.)-a Satan; an evil spirit a demon; a devil
k I
4
UH ",Fg
01
shin h y6ng hwa
ma ak
TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:
,I
*+ p .
Please cancel next weekend's field trip. 2. +b&@* %41 @zk@tfr$ @ # % 4 . Professor Park got a Ph. D. last spring.
-
*+
--I
7
/
/'\
3. bzZgk 9% 1 8 71 B H c 1 5 3 % 5 Reporter Lee is too busy .,- co1&cting the Olympic records. 4. q$01 q-"lt'! A ) q - q @sF%q 2s 8 % = s394. David
-
recovered all that Amalekites' had taken. ( I Samuel 30 : 18)
'
1. H m % i r t ( A d S 4 + ) : E,%*l +E)%~;F &!8\ A]i?)g. Sudden appearance and disappearance, of supernatural swiftness.
++
2. 941 Q ~ n f l : ~ 1 4 !_01 Q3Je 9% A)@. Evil spirit of the daylight. (a shameless bastard)
3.
E%L ~ J ] %s\Al 31s).
(41fllkB 4 27)
Do not give the devil an opportunity. (Ephesians 4 : 27) 4. * @ @ % @( + / I~ J A ) d ~ d :) Epl 22-9%#E +g += 9 4. Money controls even the orders of the ghost.
294
Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters
Characters; Occupations
The soot let by the fire(A) around the hole (m) through which the smoke escapes. This character is the combination of (z) and (m) . (I\\) is a transformation of fire(A2. 0%) represents soot or black carbon 4 9 accumulated in a chimney or a 4 bbb furnace.
+
-
'
The primitive form of this character combined (PJ), pictograph of a bone, with ( I] ) , knife. ~ ~ 6 1 (fi) was conventionallzed to ( f ; ) and then PARTING ( x ). The completed character (811) signifies 7 S. the knife ( I] ) separating flesh from bone(%) and stands for 01 % "separate," "depart" or "differ. "
hiik BLACK
12 S. Rad. 203
84
(%+%)
HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS
% ,
g~qblack
szB q 4 4
MEANING AND SOUND
3
and white J'
A t sa
~ 1 % A
.,! in
4x1 black figures /" %#? 5%a blackboard J
S;cF
711 cha
%@ +84
~14 @ dl hae
% Negro; *I- a black
/
sq
the Black Sea
9@ 9
/
1. EBBM G Q ZY ~) ~ : 7901 %!El%. A clear distinction between black and white. (no confusion; separating the sheep from the goats)
5emq
mrs zg %Bfisr FEW1
3 6 1 44.
American Negroes mainly live in the metropolitan and the southern areas.
3.
@%*I
MEANING AND SOUND
8
6
k
c
3 Fi 4 kc 4 @ 2 kwan
,
Rlj@ 94 an annex; an outhouse 8 .d a nickname; a pseudonym -Rlj ,-
'
"-
01
RUE] $41 leaving the world; death
'
