Physics

ab b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b bc ddd HARMONIZED CURRICULUM e e e ddd e e e ddd FOR BSC DEGREE PROGRAM e e e ddd e IN P HYSICS e e ddd e ETHIOPIA e e ddd e e e ddd e e e ddd e e e ddd e e e ddd e e e ddd e e e ddd e e e ddd e e e ddd e e e ddd e e e ddd e e e ddd e e e ddd e e e ddd e e e ddd e e e fgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggh Curriculum Harmonization Team:

1. Hagos Woldeghebriel (PhD), Assistant Professor of Physics, Mekele University, Chairman 2. Sintayehu Tesfa, (PhD), Assistant Professor of Physics, Dilla University, Secretary

3. Tilahun Tesfaye, (PhD), Assistant Professor of Physics, Addis Ababa University, Member 4. Alem Mebratu, (PhD), Assistant Professor of Physics, Mekele University, Member

August 2009 Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Contents 1 Introduction

1

2 Rationale of the Curriculum

2

3 Objectives

3

4 Graduate Profile

4

5 Grading System

5

6 Program Requirements

5

6.1 Admission Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

6.2 Graduation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

6.3 Degree Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6

7 Teaching-Learning Methods

6

8 Course Selection & Sequencing

6

8.1 Course Coding/Numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6

8.2 Course Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

8.2.1 Compulsory Courses: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

8.2.2 Elective Courses: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8

8.2.3 Service Courses: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8

8.2.4 Supportive Courses: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8

8.2.5 General Education Courses: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8

8.2.6 Summary of Course Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

8.3 Sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

8.3.1 Course Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

9 Course Details

10

9.1 P HYSICS C OMPULSORY C OURSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mechanics (Phys 201 )

10

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

Electromagnetism (Phys 202 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15

Wave and Optics (Phys 203) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19

Experimental Physics I (Phys 211 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22

Experimental Physics II (Phys 212 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25

Modern Physics (Phys 242 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28

Mathematical Methods of Physics I (Phys 301) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31

Mathematical Methods of Physics II (Phys 302) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Experimental Physics III (Phys 312 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39

Statistical Physics I (Phys 321) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42

Classical Mechanics I (Phys 331) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45

Quantum Mechanics I (Phys 342 )

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48

Electronics I (Phys 353) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

51

Modern Optics (Phys 371 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55

Electrodynamics I (Phys 376)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

59

Nuclear Physics I (Phys 382) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

62

Introduction to Computational Physics (Phys 402) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65

Experimental Physics IV (Phys 411 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

67

Statistical Physics II (Phys 422) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

69

Classical Mechanics II (Phys 431) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72

Quantum Mechanics II (Phys 441 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75

Solid State Physics I (Phys 451 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

78

Sustainable Sources of Energy (Phys 461) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

81

Electrodynamics II (Phys 476) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

84

Research Methods and Senior Project (Phys 492) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

87

9.2 P HYSICS E LECTIVE C OURSES

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

90

Metrology I (Phys 316) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

91

Environmental Physics (Phys 367)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

94

General Geophysics (Phys 368) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

97

Introduction to Medical Physics (Phys 384) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Astronomy I (Phys 437) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Astronomy II (Phys 438) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Physics Teaching (Phys 409 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Metrology II (Phys 415) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Metrology III (Phys 416) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Stellar Physics I (Phys 434) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Stellar Physics II (Phys 435) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Introduction to Plasma Physics (Phys 436) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Space Physics (Phys 439 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Solid State Physics II (Phys 452) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Introduction to Atmospheric Physics (Phys 463)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Physics of Electronic Devices (Phys 456 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Electronics II (Phys 454 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Exploration Geophysics (Phys 468) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Introduction to Laser Physics (Phys 471) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Page ii of 176

Nuclear Physics II (Phys 482) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Radiation Physics (Phys 484) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 9.3 P HYSICS S ERVICE C OURSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Mechanics and Heat for Chemists (Phys 205) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Electricity and Magnetism (Phys 206) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Mechanics and Heat (Phys 207) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 9.4 Supportive Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Introduction to Computer Applications (Comp 201 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Introduction to Programming (Comp 271 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Calculus I (Math 261) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Calculus II (Math 262 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Linear Algebra (Math 325 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 9.5 General Education Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Communicative Skill English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Writing Skills English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Civics and Ethical Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 10 Quality Assurance

175

Appendix: Course Equivalence

176

1

Introduction

Physics, as one of the fundamental sciences, is concerned with the observation, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena and the behavior of man-made systems. It deals with profound questions about the nature of the universe and with some of the most important practical, environmental and technological issues of our time. The scope of Physics is broad and encompasses mathematical and theoretical investigation, experimental observation, computing technique, technological application, material manipulation and information processing. Physics seeks simple explanations of physical phenomena based on universal principles stated in concise and powerful language of mathematics. The principles form a coherent unity, applicable to objects as diverse as DNA molecules, neutron stars, super-fluids, and liquid crystals. Findings in Physics have implications in all walks of life ranging from the way we perceive reality to gadgets of everyday use. Physicists constantly test the basic laws of nature by probing the unknown, the mysterious and the complex. They also search for new laws at the frontiers of knowledge, systematically seek novel properties of matter. They are alert to the possibility of applying physical idea and processes to new situations, and often the realization of these possibilities has had revolutionary consequences. It is with the intention of producing such physicists for the country that this curriculum has been developed and is currently under a harmonization process. The Physics departments throughout the country have different backgrounds with the Physics Department at AAU being the pioneer. Most of the others are opened during the last two decades. Some of these Universities have been offering BSc, others BEd while the rest both. Currently there are 22 Physics Departments offering a BSc degree program in the country. It was evident that the previous curriculum, where ever it has been applied in the country, had a number of limitations. In order to find out the limitations of the previous curriculum and develop a better and new curriculum based on the new 70:30 enrolment and program mix policy, all Universities were requested, by the Ministry of Education, to carry out needs assessment. Based on the findings of the needs assessment, most of the universities have conducted a consultative meeting at cluster levels, and then a national conference has been conducted where representatives from almost all Ethiopian Universities offering a degree program in Physics have actively participated. The conference has clearly indicated that the previous curriculum has significant limitations, and hence, in order to alleviate these shortcomings, a new and dynamic approach was required. It is indicated that the new curriculum should be prepared taking into account that the limitations of the previous curriculum should be critically addressed. It should aim for a comprehensive curriculum that contributes significantly towards the development of our country in a way that this important field plays a vital role for the advancement of science and technology. In light of these recommendations, all universities came together for the second time to finalize and harmonize a common curriculum. In that conference, a national three years curriculum has been developed which was later endorsed by the National Advisory Committee and consequently by the Ministry of Education. A consensus has been reached by the Universities that at present our country is lacking the necessary expertise in Physics. It has become very evident to start a

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Bachelor of Science (BSc) Degree Program in Physics for the following main reasons: • there is a growing need, from the learners’ side, to maximize the stability of their skills in the ever increasing competition in the job market; • as the result of the graduate expansion program, new study areas that absorb Physics graduates in their post graduate programmes are emerging in various faculties/colleges of different universities throughout the country • the need for educated manpower in the country itself is increasing in diversity. Professions like teaching, medicine, radiation protection, meteorology, quality and standards control, geoPhysics among others absorb graduates of Physics. A Physics student should nurture strong analytical, experimental and computing skills as well as mathematical abilities.Students should also be able to work with mechanical, optical and electronic equipments, to design projects and synthesize and summarize data that compliment theoretical and experimental skills to enhance career opportunity. Taking this into account the Ethiopian Higher Education Strategic Center (HESC), has initiated an idea of further harmonizing the national curriculum taking the experience of the last one year in implementing the new curriculum. On Hamle 12, 2001 EC, HESC has formed group of consultants from the existing universities in the respective fields. The Physics curriculum harmonizing team is established accordingly. The team has consulted many curriculum documents relevant for its work. Particularly, it has critically evaluated the newly implemented Physics curricula of almost all the Ethiopian universities. It has also looked at the Physics curricula from the European Union which are developed on the so called Bologna Process. In addition, the team has consulted the Ethiopian Physics curriculum for the preparatory schools. It is based on these accounts that the team has come up with the current harmonized curriculum for BSc Degree program in Physics. The team has found out that there is a smooth coherence between the preparatory curricula and the harmonized Physics Curricula for the Ethiopian Universities.

2

Rationale of the Curriculum

There is a high demand in the country for graduates with a good background in Physics. It is evident that earlier efforts to improve the national curriculum were not successful enough. It is hence found essential to harmonize and improve the BSc Physics curriculum in the country so as to meet the required demand of the country. Particularly, on the basis that the graduates of earlier curricula are content deficient and lacked depth to understand their environment, there has been an attempt of designing a curriculum aimed at producing graduates who are capable of solving the problems of the society. Despite such efforts, the curricula designed by respective universities are found to be virtually different and dealing with concepts which are not coherent enough. The current harmonization effort has also taken an easy transfer of students from university to university into account, and it has given due emphasis to maintain the graduate profile fairly uniform. The issue of quality controlling mechanism at national level has got also the necessary attention. In addition to this, taking experience from foreign Universities especially from Bologna process is considered as an essential component in enriching the course objectives (out puts) content and the method of presentation and evaluation. Besides, the BSc curriculum: Page 2 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

• aims to cultivate physicists who combine a high level of numeracy with the ability to apply their skills and experience. • is designed to develop students awareness of the role of Physics in contemporary applications, together with the skills of logical thought and a flexibility of mind that will help them continue their personal development throughout their subsequent career. • lays emphasis on the fundamentals of Physics, whilst offering students a wide range of final year options that are intended to stimulate the versatility, knowledge and skills that employers look for in a Physics graduate.

3

Objectives

The BSc Physics curriculum has the following general objectives: • to provide a broad knowledge and understanding of the basic principles of Physics and the ability to apply that knowledge and understanding to solve physical problems; • to enable students express their ideas clearly and cogently in both written and verbal form; • to insure high quality education in Physics within a stimulating and supportive environment committed to excellence in Physics (theoretical, experimental, computational, research and community services); • to educate students the core of Physics areas at the necessary depth, while they are encouraged to be critically receptive to new ideas and to attain their full academic potential; • to equip students with a sound base of knowledge and understanding in Physics; • to expose students to the applications of physical principles in various branches of Physics; • to support students develop the ability to carry out experimental or/and other investigations, analyze their results critically, draw valid conclusions, and communicate their findings both verbally and in writing; • to lay the foundations and transferable skills essential for further training and for the development of skills and knowledge; • to render public consultations in areas closely related to Physics; • to create an environment that gives students opportunities to develop personal confidence, self-reliance and career aspirations. • to train students with a basic courses in Physics that will enable them to be academically and professionally qualified to solve physical problems; • to develop the students ability to work independently and in groups or cooperatively; • to equip students with necessary confidence, understanding and skills that he/she needs to take up his/her civic responsibilities; • to enhance the capability of the students to work as professional physicists in industries, research and other institutions/organizations;

Page 3 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

• to have enhanced skills in mathematics; problem solving; experimental techniques; scientific report writing; collecting, analyzing and presenting information; use of information technology and self-education;

4

Graduate Profile

The Physics graduates are expected to acquire problem solving and abstract thinking skills. This makes Physics graduates very desirable employees in a wide variety of areas like Education, Research, Medicine, Consulting, Defense, Industry, and Journalism and other governmental and non governmental organizations. These fundamental skills as well as training in practical subjects such as optics, lasers, computer interfacing, image processing, geophysical and space exploration, weather forecasting and electronics also make them very desirable employees in high tech companies, industries and research centers. Having completed a BSc curriculum in Physics, students should be able to: • have a solid knowledge and understanding of modern and classical Physics; along with the associated mathematics and experimental techniques to become instructors at educational institutions; • have preparedness to undertake a postgraduate program in Physics and other related multidisciplinary postgraduate programs that require BSc in Physics; • have the capability to work as professional physicists in scientific research; Physics-related careers in industry, public service or the media; • be prepared to enter a wide range of professional careers that require and values the analytical, mathematical and computational skills of a well-trained Physics graduate; • have acquired an insight into, and have practice in basic methods of independent research; • have developed the following discipline-specific skills: – investigative skills, to design, carry out, analyze and evaluate experiments; – experimental skills, to use equipment safely; carry out measurements with desired degree of accuracy in laboratories; – mathematical skills appropriate to the subject; – readiness to be trained in specific professions like Physics teaching, Physics curriculum design and implementation • have developed the following transferable skills: – information retrieval skills, to gather and extract relevant information from books, journals and other data sources; – information technology skills, to collect, order, analyze and present data using computers and other electronic systems; – interpersonal skills, to communicate effectively with others, both in writing and orally, and to work as part of a team; – the ability to work independently and organize work to meet desired requirements; – in developing local technologies and adapting technologies for local needs; Page 4 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

• have capacity for logical, critical, and objective thinking; • develop interest to work in group, make reliable decisions, have personal confidence, have sense of responsibility and have the commitment to serve the community • have personal confidence and prepared for life.

5

Grading System

One of the issue that need attention in harmonizing curricula is to have a similar grading system. Since maximum effort should be done to achieve the stated objectives of the curriculum, there is a need for a fixed scale grading system. In addition, in order to insure fair grading, a letter grading system needs to be adjusted and should be made uniform across Universities, subject to approval by respective Senates, as shown below: Range of 100% ≥ 75 [70 − 75) [65 − 70) [60 − 65) [55 − 60) [50 − 55) [40 − 50) [35 − 40) [30 − 35) [20 − 30) < 20)

6

Marks

Letter Grade

Value

A A− B+ B B− C+ C C− D+ D F

4.00 3.67 3.33 3.00 2.67 2.33 2.00 1.67 1.33 1.00 0.00

Interpretation

Excellent Very Good

Satisfactory Fair Unsatisfactory Failure

Program Requirements

6.1

Admission Requirements

To be admitted to the BSc program in Physics, a candidate should satisfy the general admission requirements of the Universities and must have at least a pass grade in Physics and mathematics in the College Entrance Examination.

6.2

Graduation Requirements

i) A student is required to take a minimum of 107 credit hours: Compulsory Elective Supportive General Education Total

71 9 18 9 107

Cr. Hrs Cr. Hrs Cr. Hrs Cr. Hrs Cr. Hrs Page 5 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

ii) The Maximum total credit hours taken by a student shall not exceed 113. iii) The Minimum Cumulative Grade Points Average (CGPA) at the end should meet the value as specified below: Physics Cumulative Grade Point Average Overall Cumulative Grade Point Average No F in any of the courses

6.3

2.00 2.00

Degree Nomenclature

Amharic: yúYNS ÆClR Ä!G¶ bðz!KS English: Bachelor of Science in Physics

7

Teaching-Learning Methods

Method of Teaching: Presentation of courses is through lectures, tutorials, self-study (project works), problem solving, class and group discussions, assignments, laboratory demonstrations and hands-on exercises as well as quizzes and tests to insure continuous assessment and student/learner centered approach. Attendance Policy: Regular, punctual class attendance is essential for the satisfactory completion of a course. Each student is expected to attend all sessions, complete all assigned work, and take all examinations. Assessment: Assignments, report, end-of-semester examinations, dissertations, projects, etc. with their percentage contribution to the final assessment will be provided by the instructor with a course outline (which will be available to students before the course begins).

8 8.1

Course Selection & Sequencing Course Coding/Numbering

All Physics courses are coded “Phys” followed by three digits: The first digit indicate the level of the course: , i.e., 2 3 4

for first year courses for second year courses for third year courses.

The middle digits indicate the various streams of Physics Courses, i.e., Page 6 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

General Physics Laboratory/Technical Courses Statistical Physics Classical Mechanics, Astronomy, Astro, Space, Plasma & Stelar Physics Modern Physics, Quantum Mechanics Solid State Physics, Electronics, Semiconductor Devices Atmospheric, Environmental, Sustainable Source of Energy, GeoPhysics Electrodynamics, Modern Optics, Laser Physics Nuclear, Medical & Radiation Physics Senior Project

The last digits stand for semester in which the course is offered i.e. ODD last digit courses are offered during the first semester. EVEN last digit courses are offered during the second semester

8.2 8.2.1

Course Selection Compulsory Courses:

Course Title Mechanics Electromagnetism Wave and Optics Experimental Physics I Experimental Physics II Modern Physics Mathematical Methods of Physics I Mathematical Methods of Physics II Experimental Physics III Statistical Physics I Classical Mechanics I Quantum Mechanics I Electronics I Modern Optics Electrodynamics I Nuclear Physics I Introduction to Computational Physics Experimental Physics IV Statistical Physics II Classical Mechanics II Quantum Mechanics II Solid State Physics I Sustainable Sources of Energy Electrodynamics II Research Methods and Senior Project Total

Course Code Phys 201 Phys 202 Phys 203 Phys 211 Phys 212 Phys 242 Phys 301 Phys 302 Phys 312 Phys 321 Phys 331 Phys 342 Phys 353 Phys 371 Phys 376 Phys 382 Phys 402 Phys 411 Phys 422 Phys 432 Phys 441 Phys 451 Phys 461 Phys 476 Phys 492

Credits 4 4 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 71

Page 7 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

8.2.2

Elective Courses:

Course Title Course Code Metrology I Phys 316 Environmental Physics Phys 367 General Geophysics Phys 369 Introduction to Medical Physics Phys 384 Physics Teaching Phys 409 Metrology II Phys 415 Metrology III Phys 416 Stelar Physics I Phys 434 Stelar Physics II Phys 435 Introduction to Plasma Physics Phys 436 Astronomy I Phys 437 Astronomy II Phys 438 Space Physics Phys 439 Solid State Physics II Phys 452 Electronics II Phys 454 Physics of Electronic Devices Phys 456 Atmospheric Physics Phys 463 Exploration Geophysics Phys 468 Introduction to Laser Physics Phys 471 Nuclear Physics II Phys 482 Radiation Physics Phys 484 A minimum of 9 Crhrs from a total of

8.2.3

Service Courses:

Course Title Mechanics and Heat for Chemists/Geologists Electricity and Magnetism Mechanics and Heat

8.2.4

Course Code Phys 205 Phys 206 Phys 207

Credits 3 3 4

Supportive Courses:

Course Title Calculus I Calculus II Linear Algebra Introduction to Computer Applications Introduction to Programming 8.2.5

Credits 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 63

Course Code Math 261 Math 262 Math 325 Comp 201 Comp 271 Total Credit Hours

Credits 4 4 3 3 4 18

Course Code EnLa 201 EnLa 202 CvEt 202 Total Credit Hours

Credits 3 3 3 9

General Education Courses:

Course Title Communicative Skill English Writing Skill Civics and Ethical Studies

Page 8 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

8.2.6

Summary of Course Requirements Min. Cr.hrs. 71 9 18 9 107

Compulsory Physics Courses Elective Physics Courses Supportive Courses General Education Courses Total

8.3 8.3.1

Max. Cr.hrs. 71 15 18 9 113

Sequencing Course Schedule

Semester I

Year I

Semester II

Course Code

Cr.hr.

Course Code

Cr.hr.

Phys 201 Phys 211 Math 261 EnLa 201 Phys 203 Comp 201

4 2 4 3 2 3

Phys 202 Phys 212 Phys 242 CvEt 202 Math 262 EnLa 202

4 2 3 3 4 3

Total

18

Total

19

Semester I

Year II

Semester II

Course Code

Cr.hr.

Course Code

Cr.hr.

Phys 321 Phys 331 Phys 371 Phys 353 Math 325 Phys 301 Total

3 3 3 3 3 3 18

Phys 382 Physics Elective I Phys 342 Phys 312 Phys 376 Phys 302 Total

3 3 3 2 3 3 17

Page 9 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Semester I

Year III

9

Semester II

Course Code

Cr.hr.

Course Code

Cr.hr.

Phys 411 Phys 451 Comp 271 Phys 461 Phys Elective II Phys 441

2 3 4 2 3 3

Phys 492 Phys 402 Phys Elective III Phys 476 Phys 432 Phys 422

3 3 3 3 3 3

Total

17

Total

18

Course Details

All Compulsory courses offered in the program are described and detailed outline is given with approximate allotted time. The various entries for a given course description are as follows: Title: The descriptive title of the course. Credits: The break down of the credit in terms of Lecture, Tutorial or Laboratory hours. Prerequisite: The course that must be taken prior to the course. Co-requisite: The course that must be taken along with the course. Learning Outcome/Objective: What a student will be expected to have learned, as a result of successful completion of a course. Course Outline: The description of the minimum content to be covered during the course delivery. Course Description: Describes the course coverage hrs: Equivalent to contact hours

9.1

P HYSICS C OMPULSORY C OURSES

Page 10 of 176

Mechanics (Phys 201 )

Course Title and Code:

Mechanics (Phys 201 )

Credits

4 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (4 hrs) + Tutor: (2 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale The aim of this course is to develop a sound understanding of the central concepts of mechanics at the conceptual level so that solving relevant practical problems is possible. A first-principle approach is adopted, as most students have not studied calculus based treatment of the topics previously. Emphasis will be given to basic understanding rather than the development of mathematical theory. It also describes the fundamental concepts of fluid behavior under both static and dynamic conditions to enable the learner to analyze many practical problems in which fluid is the working medium.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • discuss the graphical and analytical methods of vector addition, subtraction and multiplication, • compute average and instantaneous values of velocity, speed and acceleration, • derive the kinematic equations for uniformly accelerated motion, • solve problems involving bodies moving in one and two dimensional space using concepts in calculus and trigonometry, • explain some implications of Newton’s laws of motion, • derive and apply work-energy theorem, • apply the law of conservation of linear momentum to collisions, • repeat the procedures followed to solve problems in rectilinear motion for rotational motion, 11

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Mechanics (Phys 201 )

• demonstrate understanding of Newton’s law of gravitation, • describe simple harmonic motion and the corresponding problems, • explain how external forces act on fluids in equilibrium, • work out problems applying Pascal’s principle, Archimedes’ principle and Bernoulli’s equation in various situations,

Course Description The main topics to be covered are Vector Algebra, Particle Kinematics and Dynamics, Work and Energy, Conservative Forces and Potential Energy, Dynamics of a System of Particles, Linear Momentum, Collisions, Rotational Kinematics, Dynamics and Statics of a Rigid Body, Gravitation and Planetary Motion, Oscillatory Motion, Fluid Mechanics.

Course Outline 1) Vectors (4 hrs) 1.1) Representation of vectors 1.2) Vector addition 1.3) Vector multiplication 1.3.1) 1.3.2) 1.3.3) 1.3.4)

Dot (Scalar ) product Cross (Vector) product Triple scalar product Triple vector product

2) One and Two Dimensional Motions (6 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5)

Average and instantaneous velocity Average and instantaneous acceleration Motion with constant acceleration Projectile motion Uniform circular motion

3) Particle Dynamics (7 hrs) 3.1) Newton’s laws of motion 3.2) Friction force 3.3) Application of Newton’s laws 4) Work and Energy (5 hrs) 4.1) Work done by a constant force 4.2) Work done by a variable force 4.3) Kinetic energy and work-energy theorem 4.4) Elastic potential energy 4.5) Conservative and nonconservative forces 5) Impulse and Momentum (10 hrs) 5.1) Linear momentum and impulse 5.2) Conservation of momentum Page 12 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Mechanics (Phys 201 )

5.3) system of particles 5.3.1) Center of mass 5.3.2) Center of mass of a rigid body 5.3.3) Motion of system of particles 5.4) Elastic and inelastic collision 5.4.1) 5.4.2) 5.4.3) 5.4.4)

Elastic collisions in one-dimension Two-dimensional elastic collisions Inelastic collisions Systems of variable mass

6) Rotation of Rigid Bodies (9 hrs) 6.1) Rotational kinematics 6.1.1) Rotational motion with constant and variable angular accelerations 6.1.2) Rotational kinetic energy 6.1.3) Moment of inertia 6.2) Rotational dynamics 6.2.1) 6.2.2) 6.2.3) 6.2.4)

Torque and angular momentum Work and power in rotational motion Conservation of angular momentum Relation between linear and angular motions

7) Gravitation (5 hrs) 7.1) Newton’s law of gravitation 7.2) Gravitational field and gravitational potential energy 7.3) Kepler’s law of planetary motion 8) Simple harmonic motion (6 hrs) 8.1) 8.2) 8.3) 8.4) 8.5)

Energy in simple harmonic motion Equations of simple harmonic motion Pendulum Damped and forced oscillations Resonance

9) Fluid Mechanics (8 hrs) 9.1) 9.2) 9.3) 9.4) 9.5) 9.6)

Internal forces in fluids Pressure in a fluid Pascal’s principle Archimedes’ principle Continuity equation Bernoulli’s equation and its applications

Method of Teaching Lecture, discussion, homework, tutorial and project. Online learning resources are also employed.

Page 13 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Mechanics (Phys 201 )

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • quizzes and Tests (25%), • All in all the continuous assessment covers 50 % • Final Semester Examination (50%)

Recommended References Course Textbook Raymond A. Serway, Physics: For Scientists & Engineers, 6th ed., Thomson Bruke, 2004

References 1. Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedmann, University Physics with Modern Physics 12th ed., 2008 2. Douglas C. Giancoli, Physics for scientists and engineers, Printice Hall, 4th , 2005 3. Robert Resnick and David Halliday, Fundamentals of Physics Extended, HRW 8t h ed., 2008 4. Paul M. Fishbane, Stephene Gasiorowicz, Stephen T. Thoronton, Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 3rd ed., 2005

Page 14 of 176

Electromagnetism (Phys 202 )

Course Title and Code:

Electromagnetism (Phys 202 )

Credits

4 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (4 hrs) + Tutor: (2 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

—-

Academic Year:

20

Students’ Faculty: Program:

Co-requisite(s): Semester:

I  / II 

Science

Department:

Physics

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course is designed to introduce concepts of classical electrodynamics with the aid of calculus. It also emphasizes on establishing a strong foundation of the relation between electric and magnetic phenomena; a concept that turns out to be a fundamental basis for many technological advances.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • explain the basic concepts of electric charge, electric field and electric potential, • apply vector algebra and calculus in solving different problems in electromagnetism, • analyze direct and alternating current circuits containing different electric elements and solve circuit problems, • describe properties of capacitors and dielectrics, • describe the magnetic field and solve problems related to the magnetic field and magnetic forces, • discuss about electromagnetic induction, • state Maxwell’s equation in free space, • describe some applications of Maxwell’s equations,

15

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Electromagnetism (Phys 202 )

Course Description The topics to be included are: Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field, Gauss’ Law, Electric Potential, Electric Potential Energy, Capacitors and Dielectric, Electric Circuits, Magnetic Field, Bio-Savart’s Law, Ampere’s Law, Electromagnetic Induction, Inductance, Circuits with Time Dependent Currents, Maxwell’s Equations, Electromagnetic Wave.

Course Outline 1) Electric Field (8 hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4) 1.5) 1.6)

Properties of electric charges Coulomb’s law Electric field due to point charge Electric dipole Electric field due to continuous charge distribution Motion of charged particles in electric field

2) Gauss’s Law ( 4 hrs) 2.1) Electric flux 2.2) Gauss’s Law 2.3) Applications of Gauss’s Law 3) Electric Potential ( 7 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5)

Electric potential energy Electric potential due to point charges Electric potential due to continuous charge distribution Relations between potential and electric field Equi-potential surfaces

4) Capacitance and Dielectrics (5 hrs) 4.1) Capacitance 4.2) Combination of capacitors 4.3) Capacitors with dielectrics 4.4) Electric dipole in external field 4.5) Electric field energy 5) Direct Current Circuits (7 hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5) 5.6) 5.7) 5.8)

Electric current and current density Resistance and Ohm’s law Resistivity of conductors Electrical energy, work and power Electromotive force Combinations of resistors Kirchhoff’s rules RC circuits

6) Magnetic Force (6 hrs) 6.1) Properties of magnetic field 6.2) Magnetic force on a current carrying conductor 6.3) Torque on a current loop in uniform magnetic field Page 16 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Electromagnetism (Phys 202 )

6.4) Motion of charged particles in magnetic field 6.5) Hall effect 7) Calculation of Magnetic Field (4 hrs) 7.1) Source of magnetic field 7.2) Biot-Savart’s law 7.3) The force between two parallel conductors 7.4) Ampere’s law and its application 8) Electromagnetic Induction (6 hrs) 8.1) Magnetic flux 8.2) Gauss’s law in magnetism 8.3) Faraday’s Law of induction 8.4) Lenz’z law 8.5) Induced Emf (including motional Emf) 8.6) Induced electric field 8.7) Displacement current 9) Inductance (4 hrs) 9.1) Self inductance and mutual inductance 9.2) RL circuits 9.3) Energy in magnetic field 9.4) Oscillations in an LC circuits 10) AC Circuits (6 hrs) 10.1) AC sources and phasors 10.2) Resistors in an AC circuits 10.3) Inductors in an AC circuits 10.4) Capacitors in an AC circuits 10.5) The RLC series circuits 10.6) Power in an AC circuits 11) Maxwell’s Equations (3 hrs) 11.1) Maxwell’s equations 11.2) Electromagnetic waves

Method of Teaching Lecture, discussion, homework, tutorial and project. Online learning resources are also employed.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • quizzes and Tests (25%), • All in all the continuous assessment covers 50 % • Final Semester Examination (50%) Page 17 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Electromagnetism (Phys 202 )

Recommended References Course Textbook Raymond A. Serway, Physics: For Scientists & Engineers, 6th ed., Thomson Bruke, 2004

References 1. Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedmann, University Physics with Modern Physics 12th ed., 2008 2. Douglas C. Giancoli, Physics for scientists and engineers, Printice Hall, 4th , 2005 3. Robert Resnick and David Halliday, Fundamentals of Physics Extended, HRW 8th ed., 2008 4. Paul M. Fishbane, Stephene Gasiorowicz, Stephen T. Thoronton, Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 3rd ed., 2005

Page 18 of 176

Wave and Optics (Phys 203)

Course Title and Code:

Wave and Optics (Phys 203)

Credits

2 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (2 hrs) + Tutor: (1 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

—-

Academic Year:

20

Students’ Faculty: Program:

Co-requisite(s): Semester:

I  / II 

Science

Department:

Physics

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course is mainly aimed at introducing concepts of waves. Emphasis is given to distinguish various types of waves which paves a way for in depth understanding of sound, optics and the corresponding applications.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • describe basic laws and principles of mechanical and electromagnetic waves, • associate vibrations with the creation of mechanical waves, • distinguish different types of waves, • demonstrate the application of Physics laws in music and musical instrument, • demonstrate understanding of the superposition principle, • exhibit understanding of the geometrical description of different properties of light, • describe the interference and diffraction phenomena,

Course Description Vibrations, Periodic Motions, Resonance, Coupled Oscillation, Types of Waves, Mechanical Wave, Sound, Music and Musical Instruments, Superposition of Waves, Standing Waves, Group and Phase Velocities, Nature of Light, Electromagnetic Spectrum, Geometric Optics, Reflection, Refraction, Dispersion, Fermat’s Principle, Interference, Diffraction, Optical Devices. 19

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Wave and Optics (Phys 203)

Course Outline 1) Vibrations (4 hrs) 1.1) Periodic motion 1.2) Types of vibrations 1.3) Sound 1.4) Music and musical instruments 1.5) Resonance 1.6) Coupled Oscillation 2) Types of Waves (4 hrs) 2.1) Mechanical waves 2.2) Transverse and longitudinal waves 2.3) Phase velocity and group velocity 2.4) Amplitude and intensity of Waves 2.5) Frequency and wavelength 2.6) Wave packets 2.7) Many dimensional waves 3) Superposition of Waves (4 hrs) 3.1) Vector addition of amplitudes 3.2) Superposition of two wave trains of the same frequency 3.3) Superposition of many waves with random phases 3.4) Complex waves 3.5) Addition of simple harmonic motions 4) Nature of Light ( 6 hrs) 4.1) Electromagnetic spectrum 4.2) Propagation and speed of light 4.3) Reflection and refraction 4.4) Refractive index and optical path 4.5) Reversibility principle 4.6) Fermat’s principle 4.7) Propagation of light in material medium 5) Interference and Diffraction of Light (9 hrs) 5.1) Types of interference 5.2) Huygen’s principle 5.3) Young’s experiment 5.4) Interference fringes from a double source 5.5) Index of refraction by interference method 5.6) Types of diffraction 5.7) Diffraction by a single slit 5.8) Resolving power 5.9) Intensity function 5.10) Distinction between interference and diffraction 5.11) Diffraction grating 6) Optical Devices (3 hrs) 6.1) Human eye 6.2) Cameras and photographic objectives 6.3) Types and properties of lenses 6.4) Types of magnifiers 6.5) Microscopes and Telescopes Page 20 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Wave and Optics (Phys 203)

Method of Teaching Lecture, discussion, homework, tutorial and project. Online learning resources are also employed.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • quizzes and Tests (25%), • All in all the continuous assessment covers 50 % • Final Semester Examination (50%)

Recommended References Course Textbook 1. F. A. Jenkins and H. A. White, Fundamentals of Optics, McGraw Hill, 4th ed., 2001 2. Raymond A. Serway, Physics: For Scientists & Engineers, 6th ed., Thomson Bruke, 2004

References 1. H. J. Pain, The Physics of Vibrations and Waves, John Wiley and Sons, 5th ed., 1999. 2. Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedmann, University Physics with Modern Physics 12th ed., 2008 3. Douglas C. Giancoli, Physics for scientists and engineers, Printice Hall, 4th , 2005 4. Robert Resnick and David Halliday, Fundamentals of Physics Extended, HRW 8th ed., 2008 5. Paul M. Fishbane, Stephene Gasiorowicz, Stephen T. Thoronton, Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 3rd ed., 2005

Page 21 of 176

Experimental Physics I (Phys 211 )

Course Title and Code:

Experimental Physics I (Phys 211 )

Credits

2 Cr.hrs ≡ Tutor: (1 hrs) + Lab: (3 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Room No. —–

Class Hours:

Course Rationale Experimental observations form the basis for new hypotheses, and also test scientific theories. It is therefore essential that all Physicists understand the experimental method and develop the ability to make reliable measurements. This course provides a broad foundation in experimental physics.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • plan and execute experimental investigations; • apply and describe a variety of experimental techniques; • identify, estimate, combine and quote experimental errors; • keep accurate and thorough records; • discuss and analyze critically results of investigations, including the use of computers for data analysis; • minimize experimental errors; • demonstrate awareness of the importance of safety within the laboratory context; • identify the hazards associated with specific experimental apparatus, and comply with the safety precautions required; • delivery of written and oral presentations (experiment write-ups, formal report, group talk); • work in team; • manage time; • use computers (for data analysis and collection), if possible;

Course Description Selected experiments from topics of mechanics and heat, at least 12 experiments to be performed. 22

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Experimental Physics I (Phys 211 )

Recommended List of Experiments 1) Mechanics 1.1) Measurements of Mass, Volume, Density 1.2) Local Value of Acceleration Due to Gravity 1.3) Translational Equilibrium / Vector Forces 1.4) Determination of the static and kinetic coefficients of friction. 1.5) Rotational Equilibrium / Torque 1.6) Work and Energy / A Model Pile Driver 1.7) Collisions / Conservation of Momentum 1.8) Projectile Motion / The Ballistic Pendulum 1.9) Centripetal Force 1.10) Archimedes Principle To verify Archimedes Principle and use it for the determination of the density of an object more dense than water.

1.11) Elastic Forces/Hooke’s Law 1.12) Simple Harmonic Motion of a Spring-Mass System 1.13) The Simple Pendulum 2) Heat 2.1) Thermal / Linear Expansion 2.2) Calorimetry and the Specific Heat of a Metal 2.3) Heat of Fusion of Ice 2.4) Heat of Vaporization of Water 3) Waves and Sound 3.1) Wave Motion / Vibrating Strings 3.2) To study longitudinal sound waves created in an air column of variable length. The apparatus is a modified Kundts tube with a movable water reservoir, and a tuning fork.

Method of Teaching Laboratory classes should be conducted in groups, with background material presented in the form of handouts (manuals) and with necessary support from the instructor. Tutor sessions should be supplemented with (on-line) notes, error analysis and graph plotting elaborations. Private study and preparing formal experimental reports. Group work in preparing and delivering oral presentation. Simulation experiments from the Internet can be used to supplement laboratory activities whenever possible.

Assessment • Pre-Lab Questions: 25% • In-Lab questions (answering questions during lab sessions and preparedness): 20% • Lab-Reports: (20%) • Examination (oral, practical or/and written): (35%) It is recommended that the number of students per laboratory session to be between 20 and 30. Page 23 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Experimental Physics I (Phys 211 )

Recommended References 1.1) David C. Baird, Experimentation: An Introduction to Measurement, Theory and Experimental Design, Benjamin Cummings, 3rd ed., (1994). 2.2) Andrian C. Melisinos and Jim Napolitano, Experiments in Modern Physics Academic Press, 2nd ed., (2003).

Page 24 of 176

Experimental Physics II (Phys 212 )

Course Title and Code:

Experimental Physics II (Phys 212 )

Credits

2 Cr.hrs ≡ Tutor: (1 hrs) + Lab: (3 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Room No. —–

Class Hours:

Course Rationale Experimental observations form the basis for new hypotheses, and also test scientific theories. It is therefore essential that all Physicists understand the experimental method and develop the ability to make reliable measurements. This course provides a broad foundation in experimental physics.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • plan and execute experimental investigations; • apply and describe a variety of experimental techniques; • identify, estimate, combine and quote experimental errors; • keep accurate and thorough records; • discuss and analyze critically results of investigations, including the use of computers for data analysis; • minimize experimental errors; • demonstrate awareness of the importance of safety within the laboratory context; • identify the hazards associated with specific experimental apparatus, and comply with the safety precautions required; • delivery of written and oral presentations (experiment write-ups, formal report, group talk); • work in team; • manage time; • use computers (for data analysis and collection), if possible;

Course Description Selected experiments from topics of Electricity and Magnetism. 25

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Experimental Physics II (Phys 212 )

Recommended List of Experiments 1) Direct Current Circuits 1.1) Calibration of a Voltmeter and an Ammeter from a Galvanometer 1.2) Study of the phase change of ice into water and understand how to work with phase changes in materials. 1.3) Investigation of the variation of magnetic field, due to a current carrying conductor, with distance and current 1.4) Verification of Ohm’s law and the law of combination of resistors 1.5) Determination of internal resistance of a cell 1.6) Verification of Kirchohoff’s Law 2) Alternating Current Circuits 2.1) Study the electrical characteristics of an ac circuit containing a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor in series 2.2) Study of AC circuits using oscilloscope. 2.3) Determination of unknown resistance using Wheatstone bridge 2.4) Determination of capacitance and inductance with wheatstone bridge. 2.5) To investigate how the number of turns (n), the diameter of a coil (d), the frequency (f ), and the magnetic field strength (B) are related to the induced voltage (V ) in a coil. 3) Magnetism 3.1) To measure the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field strength 3.2) To measure the magnetic dipole moment of a bar magnet by the method of Gauss

Method of Teaching Laboratory classes should be conducted in groups, with background material presented in the form of handouts (manuals) and with necessary support from the instructor. Tutor sessions should be supplemented with (on-line) notes, error analysis and graph plotting elaborations. Private study and preparing formal experimental reports. Group work in preparing and delivering oral presentation. Simulation experiments from the Internet can be used to supplement laboratory activities whenever possible.

Assessment • Pre-Lab Questions: 25% • In-Lab questions (answering questions during lab sessions and preparedness): 20% • Lab-Reports: (20%) • Examination (oral, practical or/and written): (35%) It is recommended that the number of students per laboratory session to be between 20 and 30.

Page 26 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Experimental Physics II (Phys 212 )

Recommended References 1.1) David C. Baird, Experimentation: An Introduction to Measurement, Theory and Experimental Design, Benjamin Cummings, 3rd ed., 1994. 2.2) Andrian C. Melisinos and Jim Napolitano, Experiments in Modern Physics Academic Press, 2nd ed., 2003.

Page 27 of 176

Modern Physics (Phys 242 )

Course Title and Code:

Modern Physics (Phys 242 )

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (1 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 201

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science/——–

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale The rationale of this course is to introduce students to the basic ideas of modern physics with emphasis on the Theory of Special Relativity, identification of the limitations of classical mechanics and the development of quantum mechanics, the wave particle duality and the atomic structure.

Learning Outcomes At the end of this course students will be able to: • verify the basic principles of the Special Theory of Relativity and its mathematical methods with application relevant to problems in modern physics; • state basic explanations of modern theories of atomic and nuclear structure; • provide an understanding of how and why Einstein’s theory of Special Relativity replaces the Newtonian concepts; • familiarize with the Galilean and Lorenz transformations and their consequences; • develop the knowledge and skills required to perform simple relativistic calculations and to appreciate their consequences; • describe wave-particle duality and the uncertainty principle; • calculate and verify the behavior of matter traveling at speeds approaching the speed of light; • describe the radiative behavior of black bodies; • solve problems using both wave and particle mathematical models; • verify, measure, and predict the atomic spectra

Course Description Principle of Special Theory of Relativity, Michelson-Morley Experiment, Galilean Transformation, Lorentz Transformation, Length contraction, Time Dilation, Relativistic Momentum and Energy, Black-Body Radiation, Photoelectric Effect, Compton Effect, 28

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Modern Physics (Phys 242 )

X-Ray Diffraction, Matter Waves, Phase and Group Velocities, Uncertainty Principle, Rutherford Scattering, Bohr Theory of the Hydrogen Atom.

Course Outline 1) Special Theory of Relativity (15 hrs) 1.1) Relativity of Orientation and Origin 1.2) Inertial and Non inertial Reference Frames 1.3) Galilian Transformation 1.4) Michlson Morley Experiment 1.5) Postulates of Special Relativity 1.6) Lorenz Transformation 1.7) Applications of the Lorentz Transformation 1.8) Velocity - Addition Formula 1.9) Doppler Effect 1.10) Time Dilation 1.11) Length Contraction 1.12) Relativity of Mass 1.13) Relativistic Momentum 1.14) Relativistic Mass and Energy 2) Development of Quantum Mechanics ( 3 hrs) 2.1) Limitations of Classical Physics 2.2) Development of Quantum Mechanics 2.3) Uniqueness and role of Quantum Mechanics 3) Particle Properties of Waves ( 9 hrs) 3.1) Wave Particle Dualism 3.2) Photoelectric Effect 3.3) Quantum Theory of Light 3.4) Compton Effect/Scattering 3.5) X-ray diffraction and Bragg’s law 3.6) Black Body Radiation 3.7) Derivation of Plank’s Distribution Law 4) Wave Properties of Particles ( 9 hrs) 4.1) De Broglie waves 4.2) Wave function and its Interpretation 4.3) De Broglie wave velocity 4.4) Phase and Group velocities 4.5) Particle Diffraction 4.6) Uncertainty Principle and its Application 4.7) Gedanken Experiment 5) Atomic Structure ( 9 hrs) 5.1) Atomic Models (Thomson and Rutherford Models) 5.2) Scattering Cross Section 5.3) Alpha Particle Scattering 5.4) Rutherford Scattering Formula 5.5) Electron Orbits 5.6) Atomic Spectra 5.7) Bohr Atom his Explanation of Atomic Spectra 5.8) Quantization of Atomic Energy Levels 5.9) Atomic Excitations Page 29 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Modern Physics (Phys 242 )

Method of Teaching Lecture, discussion, homework, tutorial and project. Online learning resources are also employed.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • quizzes and Tests (25%), • All in all the continuous assessment covers 50 % • Final Semester Examination (50%)

Recommended References Course Textbook Arthur Beiser, Concepts of Modern Physics, 6th ed., (2002).

References 1. Raymond A. Serway, Physics: For Scientists & Engineers, 6th ed., Thomson Bruke, (2004). 2. Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedmann, University Physics with Modern Physics 12th ed., (2008). 3. Douglas C. Giancoli, Physics for scientists and engineers, Printice Hall, 4th , (2005). 4. Robert Resnick and David Halliday, Fundamentals of Physics Extended, HRW 8th ed., (2008). 5. Hugh Young, University Phyiscs with Modern Physics with Mastering Physics: International edition 12th ed., Pearson Education, (2006). 6. Paul Hewitt, Conceptual Physics: International Edition, Pearson Education, (2005). 7. John Taylor, Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Pearson Education, (2003).

Page 30 of 176

Mathematical Methods of Physics I (Phys 301)

Course Title and Code:

Mathematical Methods of Physics I (Phys 301)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (1 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Math 262

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course aims to introduce students to some of the mathematical techniques that are most frequently used in Physics, and to give students experience in their use and application. The course is offered in Semester I of their second year so that Physics students will have an opportunity to develop all the mathematical skills required for core Physics courses. Emphasis is placed on the use of mathematical techniques rather than their rigorous proof.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • make series expansions of simple functions and determine their asymptotic behaviour; • perform basic arithmetic and algebra with complex numbers; • manipulate vectors and matrices and solve systems of simultaneous linear equations; • calculate partial and total derivatives of functions of more than one variable; • evaluate single, double and triple integrals using commonly occuring coordinate systems; • apply differential operators to vector functions; • apply Stokes’s and Gauss’s theorems; • solve simple first-order differential equations and second-order differential equations with constant coefficients; • recognize the Dirac delta function and be aware of its properties; • make a Fourier-series expansion of a simple periodic function; • obtain the Fourier transform of a simple function; • tackle, with facility, mathematically formed problems and their solution;

31

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Mathematical Methods of Physics I (Phys 301)

Course Description Distribution Functions, Graphs, and Approximations Averages and Distribution Functions, Graphs and Least square fit, Power Series and Applications, Complex numbers and the Euler Identity, Errors and numverical Methods First-Order Differential Equations: separable, exact, linear , numerical integration; Second-Order Differential Equations: homogenous, inhomogeneous, series solutions of ODEs, numerical solution of DEs, the Laplace Transform Method; Vectors and Matrices: algebra of vectors, basis vectors and components, vector spaces, matrix algebra, numerical methods for matrices, coordinate transformations, four-vectors, the eigenvalue problem; Waves and Fourier Analysis: The Wave equation and principle of superpositions, Standing waves and harmonics, Fourier Series, Parseval’s theorem and Frequency spectra, Solutions of Inhomgenous DEs, Fourier Transform and the Dirac Delta Function.

Course Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • interpret and use distribution functions; • analyze sets of data using plots and determine the best “fit”; • make series expansions of simple functions and determine their asymptotic behaviour; • use techniques for represent data sets by analytic functions; • handle physical problems that involve the rate of change of one quantity with respect to another; • solve ODEs numerically • transform a differential equation into an algebraic equation using Laplace transform and transform back the solutions to get the solution of DEs; • describe waves through the solution of the wave equation; • use Parseval’s theorem to solve problems • tackle, with facility, mathematically formed problems and their solution;

Course Outline 1) Distribution Functions Graphs, and Approximations(10 hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4) 1.5) 1.6) 1.7) 1.8)

Averages and Deviations Distribution Functions Applications of Distribution Functions Linear Graphs Least-Square Fit Power Series and Applications of Power Series Complex Numbers and the Euler Identity Errors and Introduction to Numerical Methods

2) First-Order Differential Equations(12 hrs) 2.1) First-order Equations: Separable 2.2) First-order Equations: Exact Page 32 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Mathematical Methods of Physics I (Phys 301)

2.3) First-order Equations: Linear 2.4) Numerical integration 3) Second Order Differential Equations(10 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5)

Second-order Equations: Homogeneous Second-order Equations: Inhomogeneous Series Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations Numerical solutions of Differential Equations Laplace Transform Method

4) Waves and Fourier Analysis(15 hrs) 4.1) 4.2) 4.3) 4.4) 4.5) 4.6) 4.7) 4.8) 4.9)

Waves Partial Differentiation Wave Equation Principle of Superposition Standing Waves and Harmonics Fourier Series Parseval’s Theorem and Frequency Spectra Solution of Inhomogeneous DEs Fourier Transforms and the Dirac Delta Function

Method of Teaching Presentation of the course is through lecture, Each week there will be two lectures and a problems class in which homework will be reviewed. Students will also attempt simple exercises during the lectures.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • quizzes and Tests (25%), • All in all the continuous assessment covers 50 % • Final Semester Examination (50%)

Recommended References Course Textbook Stroud K.A. and Booth D.J., Advanced Engineering Mathematics (4th ed.), Paulgrave, (2003).

References 1. Arfken G.B. and Weber H.J., Mathematical methods for physicists (6th ed.), Academic Press, (2006). 2. Spiegel M.R., Advanced Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists, Schaum Outline Series, McGraw-Hill, (1971). Page 33 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Mathematical Methods of Physics I (Phys 301)

3. Stroud K.A., Engineering Mathematics (5th ed.), Paulgrave, (2001). 4. Donald A. McQuarric, Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers, University Science Books, (2003). 5. Lambourne R. and Tinker M. Further Mathematics for the Physical Sciences, Wiley, (2000). 6. Mathews J. and Walker R.L., Mathematical Methods of Physics, 2nd ed., (1970).

Page 34 of 176

Mathematical Methods of Physics II (Phys 302)

Course Title and Code:

Mathematical Methods of Physics II (Phys 302)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (1 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 301

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

II

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Room No. —–

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course aims to to give learners a deeper understanding of and greater competence in some central mathematical ideas and techniques used in Physics with the emphasis on practical skills rather than formal proof. Students will acquire skills in some key techniques related directly to the advanced courses they will meet in their final year.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • solve partial differential equations by separation of variables; • calculate eignvalues and eigenvectors and apply the the techniques to physical problems; • use basis vectors to transform differential operator equations to matrix form and hence apply eigen equation techniques; • obtain approximate solutions to differential equations through the use of perturbation theory. • develop analytical and numerical skills in mathematics; • formulate problems logically; • present and justify mathematical techniques and methods;

Course Description Vectors and Matrices algebra of vectors, basis vectors and components, vector spaces, matrix algebra, numerical methods for matrices, coordinate transformation, Fourvectors, eigen value problem Vector Calculus time derivatives of vectors, fluid kinematics, fluid dynamics, fields and the gradient, fluid flow and the divergence, circulation and the curl, conservative forces and the Laplacian, electric and magnetic fields, vector calculus expressions and identities. Waves and Fourier Analysis: waves, partial differentiation, the wave equation, principle of superposition, standing waves and harmonics fourier series, 35

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Mathematical Methods of Physics II (Phys 302)

Parseval’s theorem and frequency spectra, solution of inhomogeneous Des, Fourier Transforms and the Dirac Delta Function; Complex Variables: functions of a complex variable, differentiation and integration, cauchy integral formula and Laurent Expansion; Singularities, poles and residues, applications Partial Differential Equations: introduction to PDEs, the wave equation, Laplace’s equation, Orthogonal functions and the Sturm-Liouville problem; Special Functions: Legendre, Bessel and Hermite Equations

Course Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • manipulate vectors and matrices and solve systems of simultaneous linear equations; • perform basic arithmetic and algebra with complex numbers; • use the ideas of singularities and poles to evaluate line integrals. • apply differential operators to vector functions; • apply Stokes’s and Gauss’s theorems; • use basis vectors to transform differential operator equations to matrix form and hence apply eigen equation techniques; • obtain approximate solutions to differential equations through the use of perturbation theory. • use the method os separation of variables to solve PDEs; • solve PDEs in various coordinate systems; • use numerical techniques for solving Laplace’s equation • Analytical and numerical skills in mathematics; • Logical formulation of problems; • Presentation and justification of techniques and methods; • Group work - students are encouraged to work co-operatively together and with the demonstrators to solve guided problems.

Course Outline 1) Vectors and Matrices(10 hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4) 1.5) 1.6) 1.7) 1.8)

Algebra of Vectors Basis Vectors and Components Vector Spaces Matrix Algebra Numerical Methods for Matrices Coordinate Transformations Four- Vectors The Eigenvalue Problem

2) Vector Calculus(12 hrs) 2.1) Time derivatives of vectors 2.2) Fluid kinematics and dynamics Page 36 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

2.3) 2.4) 2.5) 2.6) 2.7) 2.8)

Mathematical Methods of Physics II (Phys 302)

Fields and the Gradient Fluid flow and the Divergence Circulation and the Curl Conservative Forces and the Laplacian Electric and Magnetic Fields Vector Calculus Expressions and Identities

3) Complex Variables(8 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5)

Functions of a Complex Variable Differentiation and Integration Cauchy Integral Formula and Laurent Expansion Singularities, Poles and Residues Applications

4) Partial Differential Equations (PDEs)(16 hrs) 4.1) Introduction to PDEs 4.1.1) Simple second order differential equations and common varieties 4.1.2) Harmonic oscillator, Schr¨odinger equation 4.1.3) Poisson’s equation 4.1.4) wave equation and diffusion equation 4.2) Wave Equation Revisited 4.3) Laplace’s equation 4.3.1) Laplacian family of equations in Physics 4.3.2) Mechanics of the techniques, 4.3.3) Separation of variables 4.3.4) Form of solutions 4.3.5) General solutions in series form 4.3.6) Relation to Fourier series 4.3.7) Initial conditions: spatial boundary conditions and time dependence 4.4) Orthogonal functions and the Sturm-Liouville Problem; 4.5) Special Functions 4.5.1) Hermite 4.5.2) Legendre 4.5.3) Bessel

Method of Teaching Presentation of the course is through lecture, a related guided problems section with demonstrator assistance and additional assessed coursework. Online learning resources.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • quizzes and Tests (25%), • All in all the continuous assessment covers 50 % • Final Semester Examination (50%) Page 37 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Mathematical Methods of Physics II (Phys 302)

Recommended References Course Textbook Spiegel M.R., Advanced Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists, Schaum Outline Series, McGraw-Hill, (1971).

References 1. Arfken G.B. and Weber H.J., Mathematical methods for physicists (6th ed.), Academic Press, 2006. 2. Spiegel M.R., Advanced Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists, Schaum Outline Series, McGraw-Hill, 1971. 3. Stroud K.A., Engineering Mathematics (5th ed.), Paulgrave, 2001. 4. Donald A. McQuarric, Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers, University Science Books, 2003. 5. Lambourne R. and Tinker M. Further Mathematics for the Physical Sciences, Wiley, 2000. 6. Mathews J. and Walker R.L., Mathematical Methods of Physics, 2nd ed., 1970.

Page 38 of 176

Experimental Physics III (Phys 312 )

Course Title and Code:

Experimental Physics III (Phys 312 )

Credits

2 Cr.hrs ≡ Tutor: (1 hrs) + Lab: (3 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Room No. —–

Class Hours:

Course Rationale Experimental observations form the basis for new hypotheses, and also test scientific theories. It is therefore essential that all Physicists understand the experimental method and develop the ability to make reliable measurements. This course provides a broad foundation in experimental Physics.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • plan and execute experimental investigations; • apply and describe a variety of experimental techniques; • identify, estimate, combine and quote experimental errors; • keep accurate and thorough records; • discuss and analyze critically results of investigations, including the use of computers for data analysis; • minimize experimental errors; • demonstrate awareness of the importance of safety within the laboratory context; • identify the hazards associated with specific experimental apparatus, and comply with the safety precautions required; • delivery of written and oral presentations (experiment write-ups, formal report, group talk); • work in team; • manage time; • use computers (for data analysis and collection), if possible;

Course Description Selected experiments from topics of Electronics and Atomic Physics. 39

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Experimental Physics III (Phys 312 )

Recommended List of Experiments 1) Electromagnetism 1.1) Speed of Sound in Air (Electronic Method) 1.2) Electric Equivalent of Heat To measure the equivalence between electrical energy and thermal energy, and thus to determine the conversion factor between joules and calories.

2) Atomic Physics 2.1) Determination of e/m of an electron 2.2) Diffraction of elections 2.3) Study of Spectrum of halogen lamp 3) Optics 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5) 3.6) 3.7)

Michelson Interferometer Determination of wavelength of Light using Newton’s Rings Jamin Interferometer Study of Polarization of Light Study of Optically Active Substances Magnification with Convex Lenses and the Compound Microscope Solar Energy To measure solar irradiance–the energy incident per second on a unit area exposed directly to the sun.

Method of Teaching Laboratory classes should be conducted in groups, with background material presented in the form of handouts (manuals) and with necessary support from the instructor. Tutor sessions should be supplemented with (on-line) notes, error analysis and graph plotting elaborations. Private study and preparing formal experimental reports. Group work in preparing and delivering oral presentation. Simulation experiments from the Internet can be used to supplement laboratory activities whenever possible.

Assessment • Pre-Lab Questions: 25% • In-Lab questions (answering questions during lab sessions and preparedness): 20% • Lab-Reports: (20%) • Examination (oral, practical or/and written): (35%) It is recommended that the number of students per laboratory session be between 20 and 30.

Page 40 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Experimental Physics III (Phys 312 )

Recommended References 1.1) David C. Baird, Experimentation: An Introduction to Measurement, Theory and Experimental Design, Benjamin Cummings, 3rd ed., 1994. 2.2) Andrian C. Melisinos and Jim Napolitano, Experiments in Modern Physics Academic Press, 2nd ed., 2003.

Page 41 of 176

Statistical Physics I (Phys 321)

Course Title and Code:

Statistical Physics I (Phys 321)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (1 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

—–

Academic Year:

20

Students’ Faculty: Program:

Co-requisite(s): Semester:

I  / II 

Science

Department:

Physics

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course is designed to provide introductory ideas of the basic principles of Statistical Physics and their application. The contents included in this course are very essential in understanding probabilistic nature of macroscopic phenomena. A clear connection between microscopic and macroscopic interpretations of the physical systems would be established.

Learning Outcomes At the end of this course the student should be able to: • demonstrate clear understanding of microscopic and macroscopic systems, • distinguish reversible and irreversible processes, • relate the concept of heat and temperature, • understand basic statistical concepts required to describe physical systems, • obtain various mean values using the statistical distribution function, • exhibit understanding of derivation of thermodynamical variables from ensemble average, • demonstrate clear understanding of laws of thermodynamics and their relation with underlying microscopic process, • describe applications of statistical approach in solving problems associated with many particles.

Course Description The main topics include: Statistical Description of System of Particles, Ensemble, Accessible States, Probability Calculations, Thermal Interaction, Temperature, Heat and Heat Reservoir, Macroscopic Measurements, Work, Internal Energy, Absolute Temperature, Entropy, Canonical Distribution, Equipartition Theorem, Laws of Thermodynamics, General Thermodynamic Interactions. 42

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Statistical Physics I (Phys 321)

Course Outline 1) Features of Macroscopic Systems (4 hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4) 1.5) 1.6)

Macroscopic and microscopic systems Equilibrium state and fluctuations Approach to equilibrium Reversible and irreversible processes Properties of systems in equilibrium Heat and temperature

2) Basic Probability Concepts (6 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5) 2.6)

Statistical ensembles Elementary relations among probabilities Binomial distribution Mean values Calculation of mean values for spin system Continuous probability distributions

3) Statistical Description of Systems of Particles (9 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5) 3.6) 3.7) 3.8)

Specification of the state of a system Statistical ensemble Statistical postulates Probability calculations Number of stats accessible to a macroscopic system Constraints, equilibrium and irreversibility Interaction between systems First law of thermodynamics

4) Thermal Interactions (8 hrs) 4.1) Distribution of energy between macroscopic systems 4.2) Approach to thermal equilibrium 4.3) Temperature and zeroth law of thermodynamics 4.4) Small heat transfer 4.5) System in contact with heat reservoir 4.6) Paramagnetism 4.7) Mean energy of ideal gas 4.8) Mean pressure of ideal gas 5) Microscopic Theory and Macroscopic Measurements (6 hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5) 5.6) 5.7)

Determination of the absolute temperature High and low absolute temperature Third law of thermodynamics Work, internal energy and heat Heat capacity Entropy Intensive and extensive parameters

6) Canonical Distribution (5 hrs) 6.1) Classical approximation 6.2) Maxwell velocity distribution 6.3) Effusion and molecular beams Page 43 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Statistical Physics I (Phys 321)

6.4) Equitation theorem and its applications 6.5) Specific heat of solids 7) General Thermodynamic Interactions (7 hrs) 7.1) 7.2) 7.3) 7.4) 7.5) 7.6) 7.7) 7.8)

Dependence of the number of states on the external parameters General relations valid in equilibrium Applications to ideal gas Basic statements of statistical thermodynamics Equilibrium conditions and Gibbs free energy Equilibrium between phases Clausius-Clapeyron equation Transformation of randomness in to order

Method of Teaching Presentation of the course is through lecture, tutorial and problem solving. Online learning resources can also be employed.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • Tests (quiz) (25%), • Semester final examination (50%)

Recommended References Course Textbook F. Reif, Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics, Wave Land Price, 2008.

References 1. B. B Laud, Fundamentals of Statistical Mechanics, India, 2009. 2. C. Kittel, Elementary statistical Physics, Rieger Pub Co., 1988. 3. Michel D. Sturge, Statistical and Thermal Physics: Fundamentals and Applications, 2003.

Page 44 of 176

Classical Mechanics I (Phys 331)

Course Title and Code:

Classical Mechanics I (Phys 331)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (1 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 201

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course is designed to introduce generalized treatment of the motion of particles in various coordinate systems. It also addresses an alternative formulation of solving classical problems using Lagrange’s and Hamilton’s principles. The procedure to be employed paves the way for establishing relationships between different areas of Physics.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students will able to: • describe base vectors and their reciprocal, • relate motions in different coordinate systems, • obtain the velocity, acceleration and momentum in generalized coordinate, • interpret results described in terms of generalized coordinates, • explain the fundamental concepts of Newtonian formulation of mechanics, • develop the capability to determine the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian of mechanical systems and use these functions to obtain the corresponding equations of motion, • identify any conserved quantities associated with the system, • distinguish different types of oscillations.

45

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Classical Mechanics I (Phys 331)

Course Description The main topics to be included in this course are: Coordinate Systems and Coordinate Transformation, Velocity and Acceleration in Generalized Coordinates, Particle Dynamics, Position, Time and Velocity Dependent Forces, Simple Harmonic Oscillator, Damped and Forced Oscillations, Conservative Forces and Potential Energy, Conservation of Energy, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Formalism and Their Application.

Course Outline 1) Coordinate Systems (12 hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4) 1.5) 1.6)

Coordinate systems Non-orthogonal base vectors Orthogonal coordinates system Coordinate transformation Generalized velocity and acceleration Gradient operator in cylindrical and spherical coordinates

2) Particle Dynamics (6 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5)

Newton’s laws of motion Motions under time and velocity dependent forces Motions under position dependent forces Concepts of work and energy Force as a function of position

3) Oscillations (8 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5) 3.6) 3.7)

Stable and unstable equilibrium One-dimensional motion of a particle in a given potential field Simple harmonic oscillations in one and two dimensions Damped oscillations Forced oscillations and resonance Oscillations in electrical circuits Rate of energy dissipation

4) Central Field Motion (7 hrs) 4.1) 4.2) 4.3) 4.4) 4.5)

Conservative forces and potential energy Conservation of energy and angular momentum Equations of motion Orbits in central field Planetary motion

5) Lagrange’s and Hamilton’s Formulation (12 hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5) 5.6)

Introduction Holonomic constraints Derivation of Lagrange’s equations of motion Euler’s theorem and the kinetic energy Conservation of linear momentum Conservation of energy Page 46 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

5.7) 5.8) 5.9) 5.10) 5.11)

Classical Mechanics I (Phys 331)

Conservation of angular momentum Generalized velocities and generalized momenta Hamilton’s principle Canonical equations of motion. Cyclic coordinates.

Method of Teaching Lecture, discussion, homework, tutorial and project. Online learning resources are also employed.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • quizzes and Tests (25%), • All in all the continuous assessment covers 50 % • Final Semester Examination (50%)

Recommended References Course Textbook 1. Walter Hauser, Introduction to principles of mechanics, Addison Wesley, 1966. 2. Jery Marion, Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems, 1994.

References 1. Marion Thoronton, Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems, 4th ed., 1995 2. Murrey R. Speigle, Schaum’s Outline series: Theory and problems of theatrical mechanics 3. Devid Morin, Introduction to Classical Mechanics: with problems and solutions, Cambridge University Press, 2008. 4. R. Taylor, Calassical Mechanics, Universal Science, 2005

Page 47 of 176

Quantum Mechanics I (Phys 342 )

Course Title and Code:

Quantum Mechanics I (Phys 342 )

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (1 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 242

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science/——–

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale Quantum mechanics is fundamental theoretical framework in describing microscopic systems. Learners are introduced to the basic postulates of Quantum Mechanics. Emphasis is given to limitations of Classical Mechanics. This course leads to advanced Physics courses that require description of microscopic systems.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • verify the limitations of classical mechanics at the microscopic level; • elaborate the central concepts and principles of quantum mechanics useful to make calculation; • explain the uncertainty principle and its consequences; • verify and apply Schr¨odinger equation to different quantum system; • describe the harmonic oscillator; • elaborate angular momentum

Course Description Origin and Development of Quantum Mechanics, Limitations of Classical Mechanics, Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, Observables and Operators, Properties of Operators, Wave Function and Probability Density, Eigen Values and Eigen States, Expectation Values, Uncertainty Principle, Schrodinger Equation, Heisenberg Equation, Time Evolution of Expectation Values, Free Particle, Infinite Potential Well, Finite Potential Well, Finite Potential Barrier, Reflection and Transmission Coefficients, Harmonic Oscillator, Angular Momentum Eigen Values and Eigen States.

48

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Quantum Mechanics I (Phys 342 )

Course Outline 1) Origin and Development of Quantum Mechanics (4 hrs) 1.1) Review of Modern Physics 1.2) Limitations of Classical Mechanics 1.3) Development of Quantum Mechanics 2) Mathematical Foundation of Quantum Mechanics ( 5 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5) 2.6) 2.7)

Measurements and Observables Operators and Observables Expectation Values of Dynamical Variables Uncertainty Principle Wave Function and its Physical Interpretation Probability Density Current Density

3) Operator Algebra ( 7 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5) 3.6) 3.7) 3.8) 3.9) 3.10) 3.11) 3.12) 3.13)

Linear Operators Dirac Notation (Bra and Ket) Normalization and Orthogonalisation Commutation Relation Kroncker Delta Function Adjoint and Hermitian Operators Eigen Values and Eigen Functions Dirac Delta Function Fundamental Postulates Expectation Values Fundamental Commutation Rules Correspondence with Poisson’s Brackets Schwartz Inequality

4) The Schr¨ odinger and Heisenberg Equations ( 16 hrs) 4.1) Time In/Dependent Schr¨odinger Equation 4.2) Solution of the Schr¨odinger Equation 4.3) Boundary Conditions 4.4) One-Dimensional Potentials 4.5) Zero Potential (Free Particle) 4.6) Square Well Potential 4.7) Infinite Well Potential 4.8) Step Potential 4.9) Barrier Potential 4.10) Reflection and Transmission Coefficients 4.11) Quantum Tunneling 4.12) Time Evaluation of Operators 4.13) Hamiltonian Operator 4.14) Schr¨odinger and Heisenberg Pictures 5) The Harmonic Oscillator ( 13 hrs) 5.1) Simple Harmonic Oscillator 5.2) 1D Scr¨odinger Equation and its Solution for the Harmonic Oscillator 5.3) Energy Eigen Values and the Zero Point Energy Page 49 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

5.4) 5.5) 5.6) 5.7) 5.8)

Quantum Mechanics I (Phys 342 )

Correspondence Principle Gaussian Wave Function Hermite Polynomials and 1D Solutions of the Harmonic Oscillator 3D Harmonic Oscillator Description of the HO in terms of Creation and Annihilation Operators

Method of Teaching Lecture, discussion, homework, tutorial and project. Online learning resources are also employed.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • quizzes and Tests (25%) • All in all the continuous assessment covers 50 % • Final Semester Examination (50%)

Recommended References B. H. Brandsen and C. J. Joachain, Quantum Mechanics, 2nd ed., Benjamin Cummings, (2000)

References 1. John S. Townsend, A Modern Approach to Quantum Mechanics, 2nd University Science Books, (2000) 2. W. Greiner, Quantum Mechanics (An Introduction), 4th ed., Springer (2008). 3. David Griffith, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: Benjamin Cummings, (2004). 4. J. J. Sakurai, Modern Quantum Mechanics Revised edition, (1993). 5. R. Shankar, Principles of Quantum Mechanics, 2nd ed., (2008) 6. J. Singh, Quantum Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications to Technology 1st ed., (1996). 7. David A.B. Miller, Quantum Mechanics for Scientists and Engineers, (2008).

Page 50 of 176

Electronics I (Phys 353)

Course Title and Code:

Electronics I (Phys 353)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (2 hrs) + Lab: (3 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 202

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Room No. —–

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course is intended to provide basic concepts and practices of electronics. It is structured in such a way that the learner has to go through the activities as prescribed for maximum attainment. This course is helps to appreciate and apply basic electronic concepts and circuits in instrumentation and research.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • explain charge carrier generation in intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors; • explain formation and application of a P-N junction; • design and analyze diode circuits (e.g. power supply circuits); • explain how a Bipolar Junction Transistor(BJT) works; • design and analyze basic BJT circuits in various configurations (CE, CC, CB); • explain how a Junction Field Effect Transistor(JFET) works(some theory); • design and analyze JFET circuits in both configurations (CD, CS); • explain how a MOSFET works (theory); • design and analyze MOSFET circuits; • explain the construction of the operational amplifier; • design, analyze and synthesize operational amplifier circuits; • manipulate numbers in various bases (2,8,10,16); • apply Boolean algebra in design of logic circuits; • design, analyze and synthesize logic circuits (multiplexer, decoders, Schmitt triggers, flip-flops, registers); • explain the operation of a transducer in various modes (strain, light, piezo, temp); • explain and apply transducer signal conditioning processes; 51

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Electronics I (Phys 353)

• apply conditioned signal in digital form; • explain the systems level components of a microprocessor.

Course Description Review of Energy band theory, Network theories and Equivalent circuits. PN Junction and the Diode Effect, Circuit, Applications of Ordinary Diodes, Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) Common Emitter Amplifier, Common Collector Amplifier, Common Base Amplifier. Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET), JFET Common Source Amplifier, JFET Common Drain Amplifier. The Insulated-Gate Field Effect Transistor. Multiple Transistor Circuits. Open-Loop Amplifiers, Ideal Amplifier, Approximation Analysis, Open-Loop Gain, Number Systems, Boolean Algebra, Logic Gates, Combinational Logic. Multiplexers and Decoders. Schmitt Trigger, Two-State Storage Elements, Latches and Un-Clocked Flip-Flops. Clocked Flip-Flops, Dynamically clocked Flip-Flops, One-Shot Registers. Transducers, Signal Conditioning Circuits, Oscillators, Radio Signals, Laboratory sessions on Selected Electronic Circuits

Course Outline 1) Network theories and Equivalent circuits (5 hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4) 1.5) 1.6)

Kirchhoff’s rules Mesh analysis Norton’s theorem Thevenin’s Equivalent circuits Conversion of Thevenin’s to Norton’s Equivalent circuits Delta and Y Networks

2) Semi-conductors (6 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5) 2.6) 2.7) 2.8) 2.9)

Energy bands of semi conductors Valence bands and conduction of semi conductors Intrinsic and Extrinsic semi conductors Accepters and Donors p-type and n-type semi conductors pn-junction Zener diodes as voltage regulators Diodes as rectifiers (Full wave rectifier, Regulated power supply, ) Filters (Passive and Active-low pass Filters)

3) Bipolar Junction Transistors (4 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5) 3.6) 3.7)

Pnp and npn transistors Physics of operation of transistors in active mode Static characteristics: cut off, saturation and active regions Analysis of Transistor circuits at DC Transistors as an amplifier Biasing the BJT for discrete circuit design Biasing single stage BJT amplifier configurations (Common emitter, base and collector configuration)

4) Field Effect Transistors (4 hrs)

Page 52 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Electronics I (Phys 353)

4.1) The junction field-effect transistor (JFET), JFET Common Source Amplifier, JFET Common Drain amplifier 4.2) Insulated-Gate Field Effect Transistor. Power 4.3) Multiple Transistor Circuit 5) Operational Amplifiers and Oscillations (4 hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5) 5.6) 5.7) 5.8)

Open loop Amplifiers, Ideal Amplifiers, Approximation Analysis, Ope-loop Gain. The Ideal Op-Amp Analysis of Circuit Containing Ideal Op-Amps- Inverting Configuration Applications of the Inverting Configurations The Noninverting Configuration Examples of Op-Amp Circuits Transister amplifier, biasing points

6) Digital Circuits (4 hrs) 6.1) 6.2) 6.3) 6.4) 6.5) 6.6) 6.7)

Number systems, Boolean Algebra, Logic Gates, Combinational Logic, Multiplexes and decoders, Schmitt Trigger, Two-State storage elements, Latches and un-clocked flip-flops; Dynamically clocked flipiflops, One-shot registers Digital information in series, parallel or timed signals

7) Data Acquisition and Process Control (3 hrs) 7.1) Transducers, Signal Conditioning 7.2) Circuits, Oscillators 7.3) Radio basics AM Receivers and RF Spectrum

Method of Teaching Presentation of the course is through lecture and accompanying laboratory hands on experience. Related guided problems section with demonstrator assistance and additional assessed housework. Online learning resources.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 15% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • Test (10%), Practical reports (30%) • Semester final examination (40%)

Recommended References Course Textbook Bernard Grob, Basic Electronics, 4th ed., McGraw Hill International Book Company, London, (1983).

Page 53 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Electronics I (Phys 353)

References 1. Frederick F. Driscoll; Robert F. Coughlin. Solid State devices and Applications, D.B Taraporevala Sons and Co.PVT, Published with arrangement with Prentice Hall, Inc. (1981). 2. Close K.J and J Yarwood. Experimental Electronics for Students, London Chapman and Hall, Halsted Press Book, John Woley and Sons, (1979). 3. Tayal D.C. Basic Electronics. 2nd ed. Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai, (1998). 4. Theraja B.L., R.S. Sedha. Principles of Electronic Devices and Circuits, S.Chand and Company Ltd, New Delhi, (2004). 5. Sparkes J.J. Semiconductor Devices 2nd ed. Chapman and Hall, London, (1994). 6. Richard R. Spenser and Mohammed S. Ghaussi. Introduction to Electronic Circuit Design, Prentice Hall, Pearson Education, Inc (2003). 7. Noel M Morriss. Semiconductor Devices, MacMillan Publishers Ltd. (1984).

Page 54 of 176

Modern Optics (Phys 371 )

Course Title and Code:

Modern Optics (Phys 371 )

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (1 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 202& Phys 203

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale The aim of this course is to introduce optical phenomena in terms of electric and magnetic fields. It is also intended to introduce concepts related with lasing process and nonlinear optics. With rapid advance in the areas of laser Physics and nonlinear optics, it would be necessary including these issues in the undergraduate program.

Learning Outcomes At the end of the course students should be able to: • describe electromagnetic wave, • demonstrate understanding of multiple beam interference and Fresnel diffraction, • explain basic principles, laws and properties of polarization, • describe absorption and scattering mechanisms including dispersion, • exhibits understanding of approaches employed in analyzing optical data, • develop understanding of the concept of modern and nonlinear optics, • develop problem solving skills related to optical problems,

Course Description Review of Electromagnetic Waves, Reflection from Plane Parallel Film, Multiple Beam Interference, Intensity Function, Multilayer Films, Fresnel Diffraction, Double Slit, Representation of Vibration in Light, Polarization of Light, Polarization Techniques, Interference of Polarized Light, Absorption and Scattering, Double Refraction, Propagation of Light in Crystals, Optical Activity, Laser, Rate Equation, Fundamentals of Fiber Optics and Nonlinear Optics. 55

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Modern Optics (Phys 371 )

Course Outline 1) Review of Electromagnetic Waves (3 hrs) 2) Interference Involving Multiple Reflection (6 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5) 2.6) 2.7)

Reflection from a plane parallel film Multiple beam interference Intensity function Multilayer films Fringes of constant inclination and thickness Interference in the transmitted light Newton’s rings

3) Diffraction (8 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5) 3.6) 3.7) 3.8) 3.9) 3.10) 3.11)

Shadows Fraunhoffer Diffraction Fresnel’s half period zone Circular and rectangular aperture Zone plate and its construction Electron diffraction Diffraction at straight edge Fresnel’s integral and its application Rectilinear propagation of light Plane grating and coverage grating Holography

4) Polarization of Light (6 hrs) 4.1) 4.2) 4.3) 4.4) 4.5) 4.6) 4.7) 4.8)

Polarization techniques Representation of vibration in light Polarizing angle Malus’ law Double refraction Parallel and crossed polarizer Scattering of light and blue sky Red sunset

5) Interference of Polarized Light (5 hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5)

Elliptically and circularly polarized light Quarter and half wave plates Analysis of polarized light Interference with white light Application of interference in parallel light

6) Absorption and Scattering (6 hrs) 6.1) 6.2) 6.3) 6.4) 6.5) 6.6)

General and selective absorption Absorption by different states Selective reflection Scattering by small particle Raman effect Dispersion

7) Fourier Optics ( 3 hrs) Page 56 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Modern Optics (Phys 371 )

7.1) Optical data imaging and processing 7.2) Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy 8) Optical Activity (3 hrs) 8.1) 8.2) 8.3) 8.4)

Rotation of the plane of polarization Rotary dispersion Double refraction in optically active crystals Theory of optical activity

9) Modern Optics (5 hrs) 9.1) 9.2) 9.3) 9.4) 9.5) 9.6) 9.7)

Properties of laser light Laser sources Population inversion Rate equations Applications of laser Fundamentals of fiber optics Fundamentals of nonlinear optics

Method of Teaching Lecture, discussion, homework, tutorial and project. Online learning resources are also employed.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • quizzes and Tests (25%), • All in all the continuous assessment covers 50 % • Final Semester Examination (50%) Course Textbook 1. F. A. Jenkins and H. A. White, Fundamentals of Optics, McGraw Hill, 4th ed., 2001 2. Raymond A. Serway, Physics: For Scientists & Engineers, 6th ed., Thomson Bruke, 2004

References 1. Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedmann, University Physics with Modern Physics 12th ed., 2008 2. Douglas C. Giancoli, Physics for scientists and engineers, Printice Hall, 4th , 2005 3. Robert Resnick and David Halliday, Fundamentals of Physics Extended, HRW 8th ed., 2008 Page 57 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Modern Optics (Phys 371 )

4. Paul M. Fishbane, Stephene Gasiorowicz, Stephen T. Thoronton, Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 3rd ed., 2005 5. Eugene, Hecht, Optics: International edition, 4th ed., 2003

Page 58 of 176

Electrodynamics I (Phys 376)

Course Title and Code:

Electrodynamics I (Phys 376)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (1 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 202

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course deals with classical electrodynamics applying integral and differential calculus. Emphasis is given to employing specialized approaches and most appropriate coordinate system in solving problems. It also addresses electric and magnetic phenomena in material medium including boundary problems. It is hence hoped that the approaches to be followed in this course strengthen the mathematical skills required in other fields.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course, the student will have good understanding of basic theories in classical electrodynamics. Specifically, at the end of the course students will be able to: • develop reasonable understanding of electrostatic and magnetostatic fields in free space and material media, • advance their skill of solving problems using integral and differential calculus, • acquire understanding in solving boundary value problems in electrodynamics, • solve electrodynamical problems using specialized techniques, • develop the basic concepts of electromagnetic wave,

Course Description The main topics to be covered in this course include: Mathematical Preliminary, Electrostatic Fields and Potentials, Electrostatic Fields in Dielectric Materials, Electrostatic Energy, Uniqueness Theorem, Image Techniques, Biot-Savart’s Law, Divergence

59

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Electrodynamics I (Phys 376)

of Magnetic Field, Vector Potential, Ampere’s Law, Magnetic Properties of Matter, Electromagnetic Induction, Magnetic Energy, Maxwell’s Equations, Electromagnetic Waves in Free Space, Poynting Vector, Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Dielectric and Conducting Media.

Course Outline 1) Mathematical Preliminary (3 hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4)

Differential calculus Integral calculus Curvilinear coordinate systems Dirac delta function

2) Electrostatics (7 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5) 2.6)

Coulomb’s law Electrostatic field due to continuous charge distributions Electric flux density Gauss’s law and its application Electric potential Electrostatics energy density

3) Electrostatic Field in Matter (6 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5) 3.6) 3.7)

Properties of materials Convection and conduction currents Conductors Polarization Filed of polarized object Electric displacement Linear dielectrics

4) Techniques for Calculating Potentials ( 7 hrs) 4.1) Poisson’s and Laplace’s equations 4.2) Boundary conditions and uniqueness theorem 4.3) Method of images 4.4) Multipole expansion 5) Magnetostatics (9 hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5) 5.6) 5.7) 5.8) 5.9) 5.10)

Review of electric current Lorentz force law Biot-Savart’s law Ampere’s law Magnetic flux density and Gauss’s law Curl and Divergence of B Magnetic vector potential Magnetostatic boundary conditions in free space Multipole expansion of the vector potential Magnetostatic energy density

6) Magnetostatic Field in Matter (4 hrs) 6.1) Magnetization Page 60 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Electrodynamics I (Phys 376)

6.2) Magnetic field of a magnetized object 6.3) Auxiliary magnetic field H 6.4) Linear and non-linear media. 7) Electrodynamics (4 hrs) 7.1) Electromotive force 7.2) Faraday’s law of induction 7.3) Maxwell’s equations in material medium 7.4) Displacement current 7.5) Energy density for electromagnetic field 7.6) Poynting theorem 8) Electromagnetic Waves (5 hrs) 8.1) Electromagnetic wave in free medium 8.2) Electromagnetic waves in non-conducting medium 8.3) Electromagnetic waves in conducting medium 8.4) Dispersion

Method of Teaching Lecture, discussion, homework, tutorial and project. Online learning resources are also employed.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • quizzes and Tests (25%), • All in all the continuous assessment covers 50 % • Final Semester Examination (50%)

Recommended References Course Textbook Munir H. Nayfeh, Electricity and Magnetism, Banjamin Cummings, 3rd ed., 1999.

References 1. David J. Griffiths, Introduction to electrodynamics, 3rs ed., 1999. 2. Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedmann, University Physics with Modern Physics 12th ed., 2008 3. Douglas C. Giancoli, Physics for scientists and engineers, Printice Hall, 4th , 2005 4. Robert Resnick and David Halliday, Fundamentals of Physics Extended, HRW 8th ed., 2008 5. Paul M. Fishbane, Stephene Gasiorowicz, Stephen T. Thoronton, Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 3rd ed., 2005

Page 61 of 176

Nuclear Physics I (Phys 382)

Course Title and Code:

Nuclear Physics I (Phys 382)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (1 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Room No. —–

Class Hours:

Course Rationale Introduction to the size and properties of the atomic nucleus and the phenomena of radioactivity. Theoretical models that describe the atomic nucleus, offer fascinating insights into the nature of the physical world. The tools for probing these systems are high-energy particle accelerators and, more recently, colliding-beam systems. This course, designed as an introduction to nuclear and particle Physics, is intended to give students a broad overview of the subject matter, and encouragement to seek further information.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • describe the key properties of the atomic nucleus, • explain these properties with the aid of an underlying theoretical framework, • identify significant applications which make use of nuclear Physics, • explain the role of nuclear Physics in these applications, • identify sequences of particles as energy excitations of a ground state, • identify the quantum numbers that distinguish these sequences and use their conservation to analyse production processes, • state the relevant conservation laws and use them in analysing meson decays, • describe the basic weak interaction processes and the significant experiments that elucidate the nature of these interactions, • describe the quark model • construct the quark composition of particles, • explain the significance of symmetry to the multiplet structure of elementary particles, • solve problems on topics included in the syllabus, • to reason logically within a set of given constraints, 62

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Nuclear Physics I (Phys 382)

• Ability to identify significant strands in a mass of confusing data, • have an understanding and appreciation of the principles of nuclear Physics, and to explore their applications, • apply the nuclear Physics concepts and principles learnt in class to solve problems, • develop skills for analytical thinking that will be useful for problem-solving in other fields.

Course Description Structure & Static Properties of Nuclei; Nuclear constituents, nuclear size and its measurement, nuclear mass, binding energy, nuclear magnetic moment and electric quadruple moment. The force between nucleon, meson theory of nuclear forces. Nuclear structure models, liquid drop model of the nucleus and semi-empirical mass formula, explanation of nuclear fission. Nuclear shell model and its application in explaining various properties of nuclei. α-decay, simple version of tunnelling theory; β-decay, neutrino theory, summary of Fermi theory; Kurie plot. γ-decay; nuclear decay schemes. Energetics of nuclear reactions; Q-values; reaction thresholds. Compound nucleus model, partial widths. Resonance reactions; Breit-Wigner formula. Fission and Fusion. Leptons, nucleons, hadrons, quarks and baryons. Symmetries and groups. Some applications of Nuclear Physics.

Course Outline 1) Structure and Static Properties of Nuclei (9 hrs) 1.1) Nuclear Hypothesis, Early atomic theories, Rutherford’s scattering experiment 1.2) Composition, Charge; Size; Mass and Angular momentum of the nucleus 1.3) Theories of nuclear composition 1.4) Binding Energy 1.5) Nuclear Forces. 1.6) Nuclear Structure Models. 2) Nuclear Decay & Radioactivity (9 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5)

Radioactivity. Alpha Decay Beta Decay Gamma Decay Detecting Nuclear Radiations

3) Nuclear Reactions (9 hrs) 3.1) Nuclear Reactions In General 3.2) Nuclear Cross-section 3.3) Classification of Nuclear Reactions

Page 63 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Nuclear Physics I (Phys 382)

3.4) Fusion and Fission Reactions 3.5) Reactor Basics 4) Elementary Particles (6 hrs) 4.1) Basic Data on Elementary Particles 4.2) Symmetry and Conservation Laws 4.3) Parity and Parity Violation 5) Applications of Nuclear Physics (12 hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5)

Trace Element Analysis Mass Spectrometry with Accelerators Alpha Decay Applications Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine

Method of Teaching Presentation of the course is through lecture, class and group discussion, , e-learning resources, assignments as well as examinations.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • quizzes and Tests (25%), • All in all the continuous assessment covers 50 % • Final Semester Examination (50%)

Recommended References Course Textbook Krane K.S. , Introductory Nuclear Physics, Wiley, (1987).

References 1. Williams W.S.C., Nuclear and Particle Physics, Clarendon,(1991). 2. Cottingham W.M. and Greenwood D.A., An Introduction to the Standard, (1998). Model of Particle Physics, Cambridge University Press, 3. Halzen F. and Martin A.D., Quarks and Leptons: An Introductory Course in Modern Particle Physics, John Wiley, (1984). 4. Lilley J., Nuclear Physics: Principles and Applications, John Wiley, (2001). 5. Kaplan I. Nuclear Physics, Adison-Wesley, (1963). 6. Tayal D.C. Nuclear Physics, Himalaya Publishing House, (1982).

Page 64 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Introduction to Computational Physics (Phys 402)

Introduction to Computational Physics (Phys 402)

Course Title and Code:

Introduction to Computational Physics (Phys 402)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (2 hrs) + Lab: (2 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Comp 271

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale Computational Physics is a problem-solving course, that is, the measure of a students progress is demonstrated by the ability to solve numerical problems in physics. While the very nature of physics is to express relationships between physical quantities in mathematical terms, an analytic solution of the resulting formulas is often not available. Instead, numerical solutions based on computer programs are required to obtain concrete results for real problems. Upon completion of this course, the student will possess the basic knowledge of numerical modeling that may be required for graduate school or in a position at a technical corporation. Computer simulation is considered to be the third option for solving physical problems.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • gain experience on writing manuscripts in a scientific journal style using the LATEX, • discretize a differential equation using grid and basis set methods, • outline the essential features of each of the simulation techniques introduced and give examples of their use in contemporary science, • develop computer simulation for science problems,and investigate the problems using statistical, graphical and numerical packages, • formulate algorithms and use programming language to write simulation.

Course Description This course is designed to cover techniques used in modeling physical systems numerically. It is designed to help the students in the selection of an operating system (Windows versus Unix/Linux), and programming language (some of the more popular in science include Fortran, C, C++, MatLab, Mathematica, and Visual Basic) that best meet the requirements needed to solve the problem. Techniques will be developed Page 65 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Introduction to Computational Physics (Phys 402)

to data fitting and to numerically differentiate and integrate, and to solve systems of linear equations, ordinary differential equations (ODE), trajectory and orbit problems with numerical methods, and finally Fourier analysis. Molecular dynamics, MonteCarlo techniques and Ising Model will also be discussed as modern applications to the technique.

Course Outline 1) Introduction(5 hrs) 1.1) Unix, Latex, Postscript, pdf 1.2) Scientific programming (Fortran, C++, JAVA, MATLAB) 1.3) Error analysis and uncertainties 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13)

Methods of data fitting(2 hrs) Root finding (1 hrs) Methods of differentiation and integration (2 hrs) Function optimization (2 hrs) Matrices and systems of linear equations (3 hrs) Numerical solutions to ordinary differential equations (3 hrs) Trajectories and orbits (2 hrs) Fourier analysis and oscillations (2 hrs) Molecular dynamics (2 hrs) Monte Carlo methods (2 hrs) 2-D and 3-D numerical problems (2 hrs) The Ising model (2 hrs)

Method of Teaching Lectures, simulation lab & projects, Assignment & tests. This course needs 2 hrs per week computer laboratory work

Assessment • Project reports, presentation: 20% • Homework, Assignments, In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 20% • One Test (20%) • Semester final exam (40%)

Recommended References 1. Tao Pang, An Introduction to Computational Physics,Cambridge University Press, (1997) 2. R. Fitzpatrick, Computational Physics: Computer based learning unit, University of Leads, (1996). 3. H Gould, et al, An Introduction to computer simulation methods: Application to Physical System, 2nd ed., (1995). 4. R. Fitzpatrick, Introduction to Computational Physics, University of Texas.

Page 66 of 176

Experimental Physics IV (Phys 411 )

Course Title and Code:

Experimental Physics IV (Phys 411 )

Credits

2 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: Tutor: (1 hrs) + Lab: (3 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Room No. —–

Class Hours:

Course Rationale Experimental observations form the basis for new hypotheses, and also test scientific theories. It is therefore essential that all Physicists understand the experimental method and develop the ability to make reliable measurements. This course provides a broad foundation in experimental physics.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • plan and execute experimental investigations; • apply and describe a variety of experimental techniques; • identify, estimate, combine and quote experimental errors; • keep accurate and thorough records; • discuss and analyze critically results of investigations, including the use of computers for data analysis; • minimize experimental errors; • demonstrate awareness of the importance of safety within the laboratory context; • identify the hazards associated with specific experimental apparatus, and comply with the safety precautions required; • delivery of written and oral presentations (experiment write-ups, formal report, group talk); • work in team; • manage time; • use computers (for data analysis and collection), if possible;

Course Description Selected experiments from topics of Condensed Matter, Atomic and Nuclear Physics. 67

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Experimental Physics IV (Phys 411 )

Recommended List of Experiments 1) Condensed Matter Physics 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4)

Determination of Specific Charge of the electron Photovoltaic Energy Conversion Hall Effect X-Ray Diffraction

2) Atomic and Nuclear Physics 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5)

¨ Study of Properties of Geiger Muller Counter. Statistics of Nuclear Counting (Poisson Statistics) Absorption of γ and β rays (Efficiency for β counting) Zeeman Effect Photoelectric Effect

Method of Teaching Laboratory classes should be conducted in groups, with background material presented in the form of handouts (manuals) and with necessary support from the instructor. Tutor sessions should be supplemented with (on-line) notes, error analysis and graph plotting elaborations. Private study and preparing formal experimental reports. Group work in preparing and delivering oral presentation. Simulation experiments from the Internet can be used to supplement laboratory activities whenever possible.

Assessment • Pre-Lab Questions: 25% • In-Lab questions (answering questions during lab sessions and preparedness): 20% • Lab-Reports: (20%) • Examination (oral, practical or/and written): (35%) It is recommended that the number of students per laboratory session to be between 20 and 30.

Recommended References 1.1) David C. Baird, Experimentation: An Introduction to Measurement, Theory and Experimental Design, Benjamin Cummings, 3rd ed., 1994. 2.2) Andrian C. Melisinos and Jim Napolitano, Experiments in Modern Physics Academic Press, 2nd ed., 2003.

Page 68 of 176

Statistical Physics II (Phys 422)

Course Title and Code:

Statistical Physics II (Phys 422)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (1 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 321

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course is designed to introduce basically quantum statistics. Emphasis is also given to study systems with many particles using statistical approaches. The designed procedures aided in investigating and interpreting results associated with macroscopic systems.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • identify simple application of classical and quantum statistics, • apply statistical approaches in studying different properties of a system, • derive and apply equi-partition theorem, • explain the applications of laws of thermodynamics, • employ Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics in describing a given system, • explain magnetic properties of substances at low temperature, • discuss about different properties of substances related with their movement by using kinetic theory of transport process, • understand the ways of incorporating the interaction term while studying dynamics of interacting particles.

Course Description Review of the Laws of Thermodynamics, Thermodynamic Potentials, Conditions for Equilibrium and Stability, Legendre Transformations, Maxwell’s Relations, Maxwell’s distribution, Phase Transitions, Simple Application of Statistical Mechanics, Quantum and Classical Statistics, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein System of Interacting Particles, Kinetic Theory of Transport Processes

69

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Statistical Physics II (Phys 422)

Course Outline 1) Review of Thermodynamics (7 hrs) 1.1) State of variable and equation of state 1.2) Laws of thermodynamics 1.3) Thermodynamic potential 1.4) Gibbs-Duhem’s and Maxwell’s relations 1.5) Response functions 1.6) Condition for equilibrium 1.7) Thermodynamics of phase transitions 2) Simple Applications of Statistical (13 hrs) 2.1) Partition function and their properties ideal monatomic gas 2.2) Calculations of thermodynamic quantities 2.3) Gibbs paradox 2.4) Validity of the classical approximation 2.5) Proof of equipartition 2.6) Simple applications 2.7) Specific heat of solids 2.8) General calculation of magnetism 2.9) Maxwell’s velocity distribution 2.10) Related velocity distribution 2.11) Number of molecule striking a surface 2.12) Effusions 2.13) Pressure and momentum 3) Quantum Statistics of Ideal Gases (13 hrs) 3.1) Isolated systems: micro canonical ensembles 3.2) System at mixed temperature 3.3) Grand canonical ensembles 3.4) Identical particles and symmetry requirement 3.5) Formulation of statistical problems 3.6) The quantum distribution functions 3.7) Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics 3.8) Photon statistics 3.9) Bose-Einstein statistics 3.10) Fermi-Dirac statistics 3.11) Quantum statistics in the classical limit 3.12) Evaluation of the partition function 4) System of Interaction Particles (6 hrs) 4.1) Lattice vibration and normal mode 4.2) Debye approximation 4.3) Calculation of the partition function for low densities 4.4) Equation of state and virial coefficients 4.5) Alternative derivation of the van Der waals equation 5) Kinetic Theory of Transport ( 6 hrs) 5.1) Collision time 5.2) Collision time and scattering cross section 5.3) Viscosity 5.4) Thermal conductivity 5.5) Self diffusion 5.6) Electrical conductivity Page 70 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Statistical Physics II (Phys 422)

Method of Teaching Presentation of the course is through lecture, tutorial and problem solving. Online learning resources can also be employed.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • Tests (quiz) (25%), • Semester final examination (50%)

Recommended References Course Textbook F. Reif, Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics, Wave Land Price, 2008.

References 1. B. B Laud, Fundamentals of Statistical Mechanics, India, 2009. 2. C. Kittel, Elementary statistical Physics, Rieger Pub Co., 1988. 3. Michel D. Sturge, Statistical and Thermal Physics: Fundamentals and Applications, 2003.

Page 71 of 176

Classical Mechanics II (Phys 431)

Course Title and Code:

Classical Mechanics II (Phys 431)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (1 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 331

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course is mainly intended to apply Lagrange’s and Hamilton’s principles in solving classical problems constrained to oscillate over a very small distance. The approximations followed are very essential in studying physical systems perturbed from their equilibrium position by comparatively very small potential.

Learning Outcomes At the end of this course the students will be able to: • analyze mechanical systems applying basic conservation laws with emphasis given to central force problem and rigid body motion, • apply advanced theoretical techniques including small oscillations and wave propagation to analyze certain mechanical systems, • acquainted with basic theoretical methods required in contemporary classical mechanics,

Course Description Dynamics of System of Particles, Center of Mass, Collisions, Scattering, Conservation Theorems, Rigid Body Motion, Euler Angles, Principle of Virtual Work, Small Oscillations, Coupled Systems and Normal Modes, Wave Propagation, Wave Equation, Reflection, Transmission, Interference and Polarization

72

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Classical Mechanics II (Phys 431)

Course Outline 1) Dynamics of System of Particles (11 hrs) 1.1) System of particles and center of mass 1.2) Conservation of linear momentum 1.3) Conservation of angular momentum 1.4) Conservation of energy 1.5) Motion of systems with variable mass 1.6) Elastic collisions and conservation laws 1.7) Inelastic collisions 1.8) Two body problem in center of mass coordinate system 1.9) Collision in center of mass coordinate system 1.10) Inverse square repulsive force: Rutherford scattering 2) Rigid Body Dynamics (14 hrs) 2.1) Introduction 2.2) Angular momentum and kinetic energy 2.3) Inertia tensor 2.4) Moments of inertia for different body system 2.5) Principal moment of inertia and principal Axes 2.6) Inertial ellipsoid 2.7) More about the properties of the inertial tensor 2.8) Angular velocity and Eulerian angles 2.9) Eulerian equations of motion for a rigid body 2.10) The principle of virtual work 3) Theory of Small Oscillations (13 hrs) 3.1) Equilibrium and potential energy 3.2) Two coupled oscillators and normal coordinates 3.3) Theory of small oscillations 3.4) Small oscillations in normal coordinates 3.5) Tensor formulation for the theory of small oscillations 3.6) Weak coupling 3.7) General problem of coupled oscillations 3.8) Sympathetic vibrations and beats 3.9) Molecular vibrations 3.10) Loaded string 3.11) Dissipative systems and forced oscillations 4) Wave Propagation (7 hrs) 4.1) Introduction 4.2) Wave equation 4.3) Reflection 4.4) Transmission 4.5) Interference 4.6) Polarization

Method of Teaching Lecture, discussion, homework, tutorial and project. Online learning resources are also employed. Page 73 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Classical Mechanics II (Phys 431)

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • quizzes and Tests (25%), • All in all the continuous assessment covers 50 % • Final Semester Examination (50%)

Recommended References Course Textbook 1. Walter Hauser, Introduction to principles of mechanics, Addison Wesley, 1966. 2. Jery Marion, Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems, 1994.

References 1. Marion Thoronton, Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems, 4th ed., 1995 2. Murrey R. Speigle, Schaum’s Outline series: Theory and problems of theatrical mechanics 3. Devid Morin, Introduction to Classical Mechanics: with problems and solutions, Cambridge University Press, 2008. 4. R. Taylor, Calassical Mechanics, Universal Science, 2005 5. H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics, Addison Welsey 3rd ed., 2001. 6. K. R. Symon, Mechanics, Addison Welsey 3rd ed., 1971.

Page 74 of 176

Quantum Mechanics II (Phys 441 )

Course Title and Code:

Quantum Mechanics II (Phys 441 )

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (1 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 342

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science/——–

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale The rationale of this course are to acquaint students with application of the Schr¨odinger to different quantum mechanical systems, discuss interactions responsible for the electronic structure of atoms, apply different approximation methods and verify scattering theory and introduce the basics of cold atomic gases.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • explain the significance of the wave function in determining the physical behavior of electrons, • show how quantization arises from boundary conditions and calculate energy levels in simple model systems, • discuss the energy levels,angular momenta and spectra of atoms, • explain the relation between wave functions, operators and experimental observable, • derive eigen states of energy, momentum and angular momentum, • apply approximate methods to more complex systems, • explain the basics of cold gases.

Course Description Orbital Angular Momentum Eigenfunctions, Spherical Harmonics, Hydrogen Atom, Time-Independent Perturbation Method, Time-Dependent Perturbation Method, Spin angular momentum, Non-degenerate and degenerate perturbation theory, Hydrogen Fine Structure, Zeeman Effect, Interaction of Radiation with Atoms, Scattering of particles, Born approximation and the basics of cold atomic gases. 75

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Quantum Mechanics II (Phys 441 )

Course Outline 1) Angular Momentum (12 hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4) 1.5) 1.6) 1.7) 1.8) 1.9)

Angular momentum operator Representation in spherical co-ordinates Square of angular momentum operator Commutation rules Eigenvalues of Lz and L2 Eigen-functions of angular momentum Spin, spin operator, Pauli’s spin matrices Matrix representation of angular momentum operator Pauli’s spinors and their transformation properties

2) The Hydrogen Atom (12 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5) 2.6) 2.7) 2.8) 2.9) 2.10) 2.11)

Reduction to one body problem Separation of variables, spherical eigenfunctions Angular dependence of solutions Spherical Harmonics Radial equation, Laguerre polynomial Associated Laguerre polynomial Radial probability distributionfunctions Atomic energy levels, quantum numbers Normalised eigenfuntions Eigen Values, Quantum Numbers and Degeneracy Pauli exclusion principle and shell structure

3) Perturbation Methods (9 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5) 3.6) 3.7) 3.8)

Perturbation Methods Time-Dependent Perturbation Method Time independent Perturbation Method Hydrogen like atoms Hydrogen Fine Structure Zeeman Effect Interaction of Radiation with Atoms Energy Shift

4) Scattering Theory (6 hrs) 4.1) 4.2) 4.3) 4.4) 4.5)

Scattering theory Types of scattering Born Approximation Low energy scattering Resonances

5) Basics of Cold Atomic Gases (6 hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5)

Basics of Cold Gases Supperfluidity Bosons and Fermions Bose-Einstein Condensation Atomic, Molecular and Fermionic Condensates

Page 76 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Quantum Mechanics II (Phys 441 )

Method of Teaching Lecture, discussion, homework, tutorial and project. Online learning resources are also employed.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • quizzes and Tests (25%) • All in all the continuous assessment covers 50 % • Final Semester Examination (50%)

Recommended References B. H. Brandsen and C. J. Joachain, Quantum Mechanics, 2nd ed., Benjamin Cummings, (2000)

Refferences 1. John S. Townsend, A Modern Approach to Quantum Mechanics, 2nd University Science Books, (2000) 2. W. Greiner, Quantum Mechanics (An Introduction), 4th ed., Springer (2008). 3. David Griffith, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: Benjamin Cummings, (2004). 4. J. J. Sakurai, Modern Quantum Mechanics Revised edition, (1993). 5. R. Shankar, Principles of Quantum Mechanics, 2nd ed., (2008) 6. J. Singh, Quantum Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications to Technology 1st ed., (1996). 7. David A.B. Miller, Quantum Mechanics for Scientists and Engineers, (2008).

Page 77 of 176

Solid State Physics I (Phys 451 )

Course Title and Code:

Solid State Physics I (Phys 451 )

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (1 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 342

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale The aims of this course are to introduce students to the basic ideas that underlie solid state physics, with emphasis on the behaviour of electrons in crystalline structures, particularly in materials that are metallic. Students will appreciate solid state physics as one branch of physics which plays a fundamental role in the electronic industry.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • examine the behavior of solid state systems and, through the application of physical laws, make quantitative predictions of future behaviour based upon their properties, • describe crystal structure of solids in terms of a space lattice + unit cell, and relate structures in real space to those in reciprocal space, • explain the concepts of the reciprocal lattice and the Brillouin zone, • discuss the electrical, thermal and optical properties in terms of the free electron model, • apply knowledge of how crystalline structures vibrate and the associated theories of heat capacity, • discuss the factors that control the electrical conductivity of metals, • elaborate how the diffraction of X rays are related to the properties of the reciprocal lattice.

Course Description This course describes phenomena associated with the solid state: Topics to be treated include the classification of solids and crystal structure, X-ray diffraction, classification of crystals, binding energy, and an introduction to their electronic, vibrational, thermal, optical, magnetic, dielectric properties and the quantum mechanical description of electrons in crystals 78

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Solid State Physics I (Phys 451 )

Course Outline 1) Crystal Structure (6 hrs) 1.1) Introduction- atomic models 1.2) Lattice points and space lattice 1.3) Fundamental types of lattices 1.4) Index system for crystal planes 1.5) Classification of crystals 2) X-Ray Diffraction (4 hrs) 2.1) Reciprocal lattices 2.2) Diffraction of waves by crystals: Braggs law 2.3) Brillouin zones in one and two dimensions 3) Binding Energy in Crystals (5 hrs) 3.1) Bonding in solids 3.2) Ionic bonding 3.3) Covalent bonding 3.4) Metallic bond 3.5) Properties of metallic crystals 3.6) Calculation of cohesive energy 4) Thermal properties of solids(7 hrs) 4.1) Crystal vibration 4.2) Lattice Specific heat 4.3) Classical theory (Dulong and Petit law) 4.4) Einsteins theory of specific heat 4.5) Debyes theory 4.6) Thermal conductivity 5) Dielectric properties of solids (9 hrs) 5.1) Review of basic formulae 5.2) The microscopic concept of polarization 5.3) Langevins theory of polarization in polar dielectrics 5.4) Clausius-mosotti relation 5.5) The static dielectric constant of solids and liquids (Elemental dielectrics, Polarization of ionic crystals) 5.6) Ferroelectricity 5.7) Piezoelectricity 6) Magnetic properties of solids (8 hrs) 6.1) Magnetic permeability 6.2) Magnetization 6.3) Diamagnetism 6.4) Paramagnetism 6.5) Ferromagnetism 6.6) Quantum theory of paramagnetism and ferromagnetism 6.7) The domain model 7) The free electron Fermi gas (6 hrs) 7.1) Energy levels in one dimension 7.2) Effect of temperature on the Fermi-dirac distribution 7.3) Free electron gas in three dimensions 7.4) Heat capacity of the electron gas Page 79 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Solid State Physics I (Phys 451 )

Method of Teaching Lecture, discussion (group works), home assignments, presentation and demonstration Online learning resources.

Assessment • Home works, class works, group works, presentation, quizzes, term projects, etc: 15% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • Quizzes, Test (30%), . • Semester final examination (50%)

Recommended References 1. C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, Wiley, 8th ed., (2004). 2. M. Ali Omar, Elementary Solid state Physics: Principles and Applications, Addison Wesley, (1993). 3. S. O. Pillai, Solid State Physics, New Age Int. 6th ed., (2008). 4. Ashcroft N.W. and Mermin N.D., Solid State Physics, Holt-Saunders, (1976). 5. Burns G., Solid State Physics, Academic Press, (1985). 6. Hook J.R. and Hall H.E., Solid State Physics 2nd ed.,, Wiley, (1991). 7. L. Mihly and M.C. Martin, Solid State Physics; Problems and Solutions, WileyVCH, (2009).

Page 80 of 176

Sustainable Sources of Energy (Phys 461)

Course Title and Code:

Sustainable Sources of Energy (Phys 461)

Credits

2 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (2 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

–

Academic Year:

20

Students’ Faculty: Program:

Co-requisite(s):

Phys 382

Semester:

I  / II 

Science

Department:

Physics

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale The aim of this course is to introduce students to the potential renewable energy sources possibly available in the country in particular and in the glob in general.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • assess current and potential future energy systems, • explain different renewable and conventional energy technologies, • evaluate energy technology systems in the context of political, social, economic, and environmental goals.

Course Description The assessment of current and potential future energy systems is covered in this course and includes topics on resources, extraction, conversion, and end-use, with emphasis on meeting regional and global energy needs in the 21st century in a sustainable manner. Different renewable and conventional energy technologies will be presented and their attributes described within a framework that aids in evaluation and analysis of energy technology systems in the context of political, social, economic, and environmental goals.

Course Outline 1) Energy in Context (10 hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4) 1.5)

Overview of energy use and related issues Sustainability, energy, and clean technologies in context Resource evaluation and depletion analysis Global change and response issues International efforts to abate global changes 81

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

1.6) 1.7) 1.8) 1.9)

Sustainable Sources of Energy (Phys 461)

Regional air pollution Overview of energy supply portfolio Criteria for assessing the sustainability of energy technologies Energy transportation and storage.

2) Specific Energy Technologies (12 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5) 2.6) 2.7) 2.8) 2.9) 2.10) 2.11) 2.12) 2.13) 2.14) 2.15) 2.16) 2.17) 2.18)

Geothermal Energy Hydropower Nuclear waste disposal Electrochemical energy storage Fuel Cell and distributed energy programs in industry Biomass energy Biomass conversion to liquid fuels Hydrogen as a fuel Nuclear energy I: Present technologies Nuclear energy II: Future technologies and the fuel cycle Fossil energy I: Types and characteristics. decarbonization Fossil energy II: Conversion, power cycles Fusion energy technologies Wind power Cape wind and other wind projects Tidal and wave energy Solar thermal energy Solar photovoltaic energy

3) Energy End Use, Option Assessment, and Tradeoff Analysis (8 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5) 3.6) 3.7) 3.8)

Eco-buildings Domestic Energy Efficiency Improvement Electric Industry Restructuring Future Road Transport Options Sustainable Development Issues and Decision-making Techniques Impact of energy uses on ecosystems. Research into renewable energy sources. Energy Policy and Options

Method of Teaching Lecture, field visit, discussion, assignments, group work, project

Assessment • • • •

homework, presentation etc: 20% project work: 30% Mid-semester (20%), . Semester final exam (30%)

Page 82 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Sustainable Sources of Energy (Phys 461)

Recommended References 1. Robert L. Evans, Fueling Our Future: An Introduction to Sustainable Energy, Cambridge University press, (2007). 2. Tester, J. W., E. M. Drake, M. W. Golay, M. J. Driscoll, and W. A. Peters, Sustainable Energy-Choosing among option, The MIT Press, (2005). 3. P. Kruger , Alternative Energy Resources: The Quest for Sustainable Energy, John Wiley ans Sons, (2006). 4. Edward Mazria, The passive Solar Energy Book: A Complete Guide to Passive Solar Home, Green House and Building Design, Rodale Pr (1979). 5. Travis Bradford, Solar Revolution: The Economic Transformation of the Global Energy Industry, The MIT Press, (2006).

Page 83 of 176

Electrodynamics II (Phys 476)

Course Title and Code:

Electrodynamics II (Phys 476)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (1 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 376

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course is mainly intended to introduce potential formulation for solving electrodynamical problems. It also emphasizes on the electric and magnetic fields produced by moving charges where special attention is given to radiating systems. The procedure in which potentials are used instead of fields lays concrete foundation for relating electrodynamics with relativity that leads to covariant formulation of electrodynamics.

Learning Outcomes At the end of the course the student will be able to: • extend the concepts in Phys 376 to none quasi-static limit, • apply Maxwell’s equation to variety of physical systems, • describe electromagnetic phenomena with the aid of potentials, • demonstrate understanding how electric potential and fields transform, • solve problems applying potential formalism and understand that the results are independent of the approaches one used, • demonstrate understanding of the process of electromagnetic radiation, • relate electrodynamics with relativity.

Course Description The main topics are: Maxwell’s Equations and their Empirical Basis, Lorentz Condition, Lienard-Wiechert Potentials, Lorentz Transformation of Electric and Magnetic Fields, Fields of Uniformly Moving Charge, Motion of Point Charge in an Electromagnetic Field, Power Radiated by Accelerated Point Charge, Bremsstrahlung, Thomson Scattering, Electric Dipole Radiation, Covariant Formulation of Electrodynamics. 84

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Electrodynamics II (Phys 476)

Course Outline 1) Maxwell’s Equations (8 hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4) 1.5) 1.6)

Electrodynamics before Maxwell’s How Maxwell fix Ampere’s law Maxwell’s equations Magnetic charge Maxwell’s equation in matter Boundary conditions

2) Conservation Laws (6 hrs) 2.1) Charge and energy 2.2) Conservation of momentum 2.3) Newton’s law in electrodynamics 3) Potential and Fields (13 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5) 3.6) 3.7)

Potential formulation Coulomb’s and Lorentz’s gauges Continuous charge distributions Retarded potentials Jefimenko’s equations Lienard-Wiechert’s potentials Field of moving point charge

4) Radiation (13 hrs) 4.1) 4.2) 4.3) 4.4) 4.5) 4.6) 4.7)

Electric dipole radiation Magnetic dipole radiation Radiation from arbitrary source Power radiated by point charge Radiation reaction Physical basis of radiation reaction Bremsstrahlung

5) Covariant Formulation of Electrodynamics (5 hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5)

Magnetism as relativistic phenomena Field transformation Electromagnetic field tensor Covariant formulation of Electrodynamics Relativistic potentials

Method of Teaching Lecture, discussion, homework, tutorial and project. Online learning resources are also employed.

Page 85 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Electrodynamics II (Phys 476)

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • quizzes and Tests (25%), • All in all the continuous assessment covers 50 % • Final Semester Examination (50%)

Recommended References Course Textbook David J. Griffiths, Introduction to electrodynamics, 3rd ed., 1999.

References 1. Munir H. Nayfeh, Electricity and Magnetism, Banjamin Cummings, 3rd ed., 1999. 2. Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedmann, University Physics with Modern Physics 12th ed., 2008 3. J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, Wiley, 3rd ed., 1998.

Page 86 of 176

Research Methods and Senior Project (Phys 492)

Course Title and Code:

Research Methods and Senior Project (Phys 492)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (1 hrs) + Senior Project: (2 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale The course is designed to train students of physics to become good researchers by taking a project after introducing them with the basic concepts of research methodology.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • Formulate research problems and objectives and to determine what problem/objective is researchable • Gain insight into the aspects of literature and studies partially and closely related to the study • Differentiate the four kinds of research designs and identify the strengths and limitations of each design • Identify the qualities of a good research instrument • Diagnose correct statistical tools to answer the research problems/objectives • Analyze and interpret raw data in terms of quantity, quality,attribute, trait, pattern, trend and relationships • Follow the widely accepted format and style of writing in the academic community • Develop the qualities of a good researcher - Research-oriented,Efficient, Scientific, Effective, Active, Resourceful, Creative, Honest, Economical, and Religious • analyze the content of selected articles in physics or physics related area and critique the arguments made in those articles. • Perform a literature search; give a scientific presentation, work in the context of a research group, keep a professional log book, present and defend a scientific poster, write a scientific report. • present their own work using the formats commonly employed in scientific presentations. 87

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Research Methods and Senior Project (Phys 492)

• acquire Time-management transferable skill; working in groups; report writing; keeping a professional journal (log book); oral and written presentation, communication.

Course Description This course includes nature and characteristic of research, review of literature, designing research, qualities of good research, sampling design, data analysis and interpretation and the styles of research

Course Outline 1) NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH (2 hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4) 1.5) 1.6)

Meaning of Research Qualities and Characteristic of a Good Researcher Values of Research to Man Types and Classification of Research Meaning and Types of Variable Components of the Research Process

2) RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND OBJECTIVES (2 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5) 2.6) 2.7) 2.8)

The Research Problem The Research Objectives Statement of Research Problem/Objectives The Hypothesis and Assumption Theoretical and Conceptual Framework Significance of Study Scope and Limitations of the Study Definition of Terms

3) REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (1 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4)

Related Readings Related Literature Related Studies Justification of the Present Study

4) RESEARCH DESIGN ( 1 hrs) 4.1) Descriptive Design (Types of Descriptive Design) 4.2) Experimental Design (Types of Experimental Design) 5) QUALITIES OF A GOOD RESEARCH INSTRUMENT (1 hrs) 5.1) Validity 5.2) Reliability 5.3) Usability 6) SAMPLING DESIGNS (2 hrs) 6.1) 6.2) 6.3) 6.4)

Advantages of Sampling Limitations of Sampling Planning a Sampling Survey Determination of Sample Size Page 88 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Research Methods and Senior Project (Phys 492)

6.5) Scientific Sampling 7) DATA PROCESSING AND STATISTICAL TREATMENT (2 hrs) 7.1) 7.2) 7.3) 7.4) 7.5) 7.6) 7.7)

Data Processing Categorization of Data Coding of Data Tabulation of Data Data Matrix Statistical Treatment Statistical Tools for - Research , Descriptive and Experimental Designs

8) DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION (2 hrs) 8.1) 8.2) 8.3) 8.4) 8.5) 8.6) 8.7) 8.8)

Univariate, Bivariate, Multivariate Analysis Normative Analysis Status Analysis Descriptive Analysis Classification Analysis Evaluative Analysis Comparative Analysis Cost-Effective Analysis

9) FORM AND STYLE IN WRITING A RESEARCH (2 hrs) 9.1) 9.2) 9.3) 9.4) 9.5) 9.6)

The Preliminaries of a Research The Text of a Research Paper Chapter Headings Documentation in Research Paper Notes, Bibliography, References and Literature Cited Style in Writing

10) Project Work (30 hrs equivalent)

Method of Teaching The course methodology includes lecture that provides condensed explanations, discussion that encourages a flexible exchange of information, and practical work which requires students to practice the techniques they are learning. The focus of the course will be the paradigm shift from instructor-centered to student-centered curricula wherein teaching strategies that promote active learning will be applied such as case studies, cooperative learning, concept tests and problem based learning. Students will have independent project work and submit to the course instructor.

Assessment • • • •

Class participation, and group oral reporting 15% Individual written output from each chapter: 25% One exam (25%), . project work (35%)

Page 89 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Research Methods and Senior Project (Phys 492)

Recommended References 1. Paler-Calmorin, Laurentina. Methods of Research and Thesis Writing, 2006. . 2. Rex Bookstore, Inc. Manila, Philippines Temechegn Engida. Educational Research Methods (Module), 2008. 3. Louis Cohen, Lawrence Manion and Keith Morrison. Research Methods in Education 5th ed.,. Routledge Falmer, London, 2000. 4. Judith Bell. Doing Your Research Project (3rd Edition). Open University Press, United Kingdom, 1999. 5. Joseph Gibaldi. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Paper 6th ed.,. First East-West Press Edition, New Delhi, 2004

9.2

P HYSICS E LECTIVE C OURSES

Page 90 of 176

Metrology I (Phys 316)

Course Title and Code:

Metrology I (Phys 316)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (2 hrs) + Tutor: (3 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 201; Phys 202

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

II

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Room No. —–

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course aims to introduce the fundamental concepts of measurement science and quality infrastructure. The growing export market in the agriculture and industry sectors is accompanied by increased demand of standardization and quality assurance. This first course in metrology will motivate and gives the fundamentals to enter quality assurance and standardization procedures. professions that need need of

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • recognize measurement as a science and the importance of standardization; • Perform basic measurement activities; • solve problems related to measurement and error analysis; • recognize quality control, quality systems and quality management; • Explain and national quality infrastructure; • understanding of quality assurance and infrastructure concept in various sectors of the national economy

Course Description Fundamentals of measurement science, Statistical Analysis of Measurement, Analogy Measuring instruments. History and evolution of Quality control, Quality and Quality Systems, the ISO Quality Systems, Quality Management

Course Outline I) Introduction to Measurement Science 1) Fundamentals of Measurement Science (2 hrs) 91

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Metrology I (Phys 316)

1.1. Importance of Measurement Science and Metrology in Science, Engineering, Economics, and Society 1.2. Introduction to Metrological Standards and SI Units 1.3. Standards and Regulation 2) Statistical Analysis of Measurement (4 hrs) 2.1. Basic Statistics of Measurement Data 2.2. Types of errors in Measurement 2.3. Error Propagation of Systematic and Stochastic Errors 2.4. Reactions and Disturbances in a measuring System 3) Analogue Measuring Instruments (4 hrs) 3.1. Measurement of Mass, Length and Time 3.2. Measurement of Current, Voltage, Power II) Quality Control 4) History and Evolution of Quality Control (3 hrs) 4.1. Developments up to WW II 4.2. Modern Developments 4.3. Training for Quality 5) Quality and Quality Systems (5 hrs) 5.1. Quality Systems and Related Aspects 5.2. Quality Control and Quality Assurance 5.3. Quality Management Systems 5.4. Elements of Quality Systems 6) The ISO 9000 Quality Systems (4 hrs) 6.1. The ISO 9000 Family of Standards 6.2. Quality Systems Documentation and Audinting 6.3. ISO 9000: Related Aspects 6.4. Other Quality Systems 7) Quality Management (4 hrs) 7.1. Introduction to total Quality Management 7.2. Quality Awards 7.3. Comparison of National/International Quality Awards and International Standards 7.4. Six Sigma and Other Extensions of Quality Management III) Quality Infrastructure 8) The Concept of NQI (4 hrs) 8.1. NQI implementation in practice 8.2. Comparison of QI National/ Regional /global

Method of Teaching Presentation of the course is through lecture, a related guided problems section with demonstrator assistance and additional assessed coursework. Online learning resources.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 15% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • Two Tests (40%), . • Mid-semester and Semester final tests (40%) Page 92 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Metrology I (Phys 316)

Recommended References Course Textbook FARAGO, F.T., Curtis, M.A., Handbook of Dimensional Measurement, Third Edition, Industrial Press, 1994

References 1. Harrison M. Wadsworth, Modern Methods for Quality Control and Improvement, John Weily and Sons, 2002

Page 93 of 176

Environmental Physics (Phys 367) Course Title and Code:

Environmental Physics (Phys 367)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 201

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale Environmental Physics concerns the description and analysis of physical processes that establish the conditions under which all species of life survive and reproduce. The subject involves a synthesis of mathematical relations that describe the physical nature of the environment and the many biological responses that environments evoke. Environmental Physics has become more widely used by biologists, atmospheric scientists and climate modelers to specify interactions between surfaces and the atmosphere.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • understand the basic composition, structure and dynamics of the atmosphere, • explain the workings of the hydrologic cycle and discuss the mechanisms of water transport in the atmosphere and in the ground, • discuss specific environmental problems such as acid rain, ozone depletion and global warming in the context of an overall understanding of the dynamics of the atmosphere, • discuss the problems of energy demand and explain the possible contributions of renewable energy supply, • describe the transport of solar radiation through the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface and subsequent emission of infra-red radiation and its transport back through the atmosphere into space, • discuss the global energy budget and the reasons for current reliance upon fossil fuels, • describe the potential future energy sources including nuclear fusion

Course Description The main topics included are: Preliminary Remarks, Environmental Concerns, Radiation, Solar Radiation, Radiation Balance, Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves, Com94

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Environmental Physics (Phys 367)

position of Atmosphere, Ocean Currents, Water Flow, Soil Temperature, Energy Demand, Renewable Energy Sources, Power Consumption, Efficiency of Systems, Noise level, Noise Pollution

Course Outline 1) Preliminary Remarks (5 hrs) 1.1) Introduction 1.2) Environmental concerns in the late 20th century 1.3) Physics in understanding global climate change 2) Radiation (9 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5) 2.6) 2.7) 2.8) 2.9)

Sun as the prime source of energy for the earth Solar energy input, cycles daily and annual Spectrum of solar radiation reaching the earth Total radiation and the Stefan Boltzmann, Wien and Kirchoff laws Radiation balance at the earth’s surface and determination of the surface temperature Ozone layers and depletion CO2, methane, H2O and the greenhouse effect Molecular absorption of electromagnetic wave Radioactivity and ionization

3) Fluid Dynamics of the Environment ( 12 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5) 3.6) 3.7) 3.8) 3.9) 3.10) 3.11) 3.12) 3.13)

Structure and composition of the atmosphere Escape velocity Temperature structure and lapse rate How unequal heating leads to atmospheric circulation surface and high winds Hadley, Ferrell and Polar cells Acid rain as a regional problem Diurnal variation of pressure Evaporation and condensation, thunderstorms Coriolis force due to the rotation of the earth applied to atmospheric and ocean currents Hydrological cycle and budget, physical properties of water Vapor pressure, dynamic equilibrium, evaporation and condensation Saturated vapor pressure, Cloud formation Ocean currents as transporters of energy Sea level changes and the greenhouse effect

4) Ground ( 5 hrs) 4.1) Soils and soil types 4.2) Water flow through soils and rocks 4.3) Soil temperatures 5) Energy and Environment (9 hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4)

Energy demands and energy resources Environmental problems of energy production Renewable energy sources Power consumption Page 95 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

5.5) 5.6) 5.7) 5.8) 5.9)

Environmental Physics (Phys 367)

Annual energy budgeting, long term trends Efficiency of systems Energy audit for a building Insulation of a building Thermal conduction through materials

6) Sound and Noise ( 5 hrs) 6.1) 6.2) 6.3) 6.4)

Definition of the decibel and sound levels Measures of noise levels; effect of noise levels on hearing Noise pollution Domestic noise; design of partitions

Method of Teaching Lecture, discussion, visit and project

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 15% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions,report): 15% • Two Tests (20%), • Mid-semester and Semester final tests (50%)

Recommended References 1. 2. 3. 4.

Peter Hughes, Introduction to Environmental physics Egbert Boeker and Rienk van Grondelle, Environmental physics John Monteith and Mike Unsworth, Principles of environmental physics Nigel Mason and Peter Hughes, Introduction to Environmental Physics: Planet Earth, Life and Climate

Page 96 of 176

General Geophysics (Phys 368)

Course Title and Code:

General Geophysics (Phys 368)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (1 hrs) + Lab: (– hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 202, 203

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course provides students with the basic knowledge in the application of geophysical methods; with the knowledge and skills in survey design, field procedures, and presentation of results, interpretation of anomalies.

Course Outcomes Upon successful completion of the course, students will know the basic principles of geophysics (gravity, waves, magnetism, and heat) as applied to unraveling the hidden structure and composition of the earth.

Course Description Gravity: fundamental principles, mass and density; gravitational potential and equipotential surfaces; The Earth’s shape and normal gravity; gravity anomalies. Isostasy: crustal thickness and the surface relief of the Earth. Seismology: forces within the earth and crustal deformation; Stress and strain, Mechanical response of rocks to deformation; tectonic structures; earth processes; physical principles; seismic waves; elasticity and seismic waves; Seismic wave velocity variations within Earth, traveltime curves and travel times within Earth, Seismic tomography. Geomagnetism: geomagnetic fields and variations of the geomagnetic field; diurnal and secular variations; magnetic anomalies; magnetic character of continental and oceanic crust. Heat Flow: The sources of the Earth’s heat; internal and external heat; transfer of heat from the interior to the surface.

Course Outline 1) The Earth’s Gravity (9 hrs) 1.1) Newton’s law, gravity 1.2) Gravity potentials, acceleration 1.3) Gravitational potential 97

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

General Geophysics (Phys 368)

1.4) The Earths shape and composition 1.5) Normal gravity and gravity anomalies 2) Isostasy (3 hrs) 2.1) Mechanics of isostasy 2.2) Isostasy and oceanic lithosphere 2.3) Isostasy and continental lithosphere 3) Seismicity (12 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5) 3.6)

Stress and strain Seismic waves and their velocity variation within Earth Refraction and reflection seismic The wave equation Seismic tomography Global seismicity distribution

4) Geomagnetism (9 hrs) 4.1) 4.2) 4.3) 4.4)

Origin of earth’s magnetism and magnetic field Magnetism and plate motions Magnetization of rocks and paleo-magnetism Magnetic anomalies

item The sources of internal and external heat and their applications (3 hrs) 4.1) Heat transfer in the earth 4.2) Oceanic heat budgets 5) Video shows, visits to a nearby geophysical observatories (3 hrs)

Method of Teaching Lecture, video, short visits to nearby geophysical observatories

Assessment Method • essay type midterm examination (50%) • essay type final examination (50

Recommended References Course Textbook Lowrie, W. L., Fundamentals of Geophysics, Cambridge University Press. References 1. Fowler, C. M. R., The Solid Earth: An Introduction to Global Geophysics, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press. 2. Mussett, M; Khan, M., A Looking into the Earth: An Introduction to Geological Geophysics. Cambridge University Press,2000. 3. Stacey, Frank D.: Physics of the earth. 2nd Ed., Wiley, 1977. Page 98 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

General Geophysics (Phys 368)

4. Schubert, G., Turcotte, D., and Olson, P.: Mantle Convection in the Earth and Planets, Cambridge University Press Press. 5. Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting, Dobrin M.B, 1976. 6. Turcotte, D.; Schubert, G.: Geodynamics. 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Page 99 of 176

Introduction to Medical Physics (Phys 384)

Course Title and Code:

Introduction to Medical Physics (Phys 384)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (2 hrs) + Tutor: (3 hrs) + Lab: (

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 484

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

hrs)

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Room No. —–

Class Hours:

Course Rationale The course describes physics in medicine. It is introductory physics for students having inclination toward health physics and Medicine.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • explain the mechanics, optical and electrical system of a body • realize the essentials and radiaiton and radiation protection • tackle, with facility, the physics of the human body; • Time Management: students are required to work to weekly deadlines for the completion of homework and must therefore develop appropriate coping strategies. In particular, it will be necessary for them to work consistently through the week and manage their time carefully. • Work Co-operatively: students are free to discuss homework problems with each other. Hence they have the opportunity to work co-operatively and exploit each other as a learning resource.

Course Description Mechanics of The Body, Energy Household of The Body, Pressure System of the Body, Acoustics of the Body, Optical System of the Body, Electrical System of the Body. Radiation and Radiation Protection, Diagnostic Radiology, Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine, Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine.

Course Outline I) Introductory (2 hrs) 1) Introduction to applications of physics to medicine. 100

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Introduction to Medical Physics (Phys 384)

2) Physical properties of body tissues. Diagnosis and therapy Safety aspects. Language and terminology. Expectations. Careers in Medical Physics. Hospital environment and patient focus. II) Physics of The Body(11 hrs) 1) Mechanics of The Body 1.1. Skeleton, forces, and body stability 1.2. Muscles and the dynamics of body movement 1.3. Physics of body crashing 2) Energy Household of The Body 2.1. Energy balance in the body 2.2. Energy consumption of the body 2.3. Heat losses of the body 3) Pressure System of the Body 3.1. Physics of breathing 3.2. Physics of the cardiovascular system 4) Acoustics of the Body 4.1. Nature and characteristics of sound 4.2. Production of speech Physics of the ear Diagnostics with sound and ultrasound 5) Optical System of the Body 5.1. Physics of the eye 6) Electrical System of the Body 6.1. Physics of the nervous system 6.2. Electrical signals and information transfer III) Physics of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Systems(17 hrs) 7) Radiation and Radiation Protection 7.1. Radiation dosimetry 7.2. Natural radioactivity 7.3. Biological effects of radiation 7.4. Radiation monitors 8) Diagnostic Radiology 8.1. Production and characteristics of X-rays 8.2. X-ray diagnostics and imaging 8.3. Physics of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 8.4. NMR imaging - MRI 9) Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine 9.1. Radiopharmaceuticals for radioisotope imaging 9.2. Radioisotope imaging equipment 9.3. Single photon and positron emission tomography 10) Ultrasound Imaging 10.1. General Principles of Ultrasonic Imaging/Wave Propagation and Characteristic Acoustic Impedance 10.2. Wave Reflection and Refraction/Energy Loss Mechanisms in Tissue/Instrumentation 10.3. Diagnostic Scanning Modes 10.4. Artifacts in Ultrasonic Imaging/Image Characteristics/Compound Imaging 10.5. Blood Velocity Measurements Using Ultrasound

Page 101 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Introduction to Medical Physics (Phys 384)

10.6. Ultrasound Contrast Agents, Harmonic Imaging, and Pulse Inversion Techniques 10.7. Safety and Bio-effects in Ultrasonic Imaging/Clinical Applications of Ultrasound 11) Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine ( hrs) 11.1. Interaction between radiation and matter 11.2. Dose and isodose in radiation treatment

Method of Teaching Presentation of the course is through lecture, a related guided problems section with demonstrator assistance and additional assessed coursework. Online learning resources. Hospital attached project.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 15% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • Quizzes, Tests and project reports (40%), . • Mid-semester and Semester final tests (40%)

Recommended References 1. Herman Cember and Thomas A. Johnson, Introduction to health physics, 4th ed., (2008). 2. William R. Hendee and E. Russell ritenour, Medical imaging physics, 4th ed., (2002). 3. J.T. Bushberg, J.A. Seibert, E.M. Leidholdt Jr. and J.M. Boone, The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging, L.Williams and Wilkins, (2001). 4. S.R. Cherry, J. Sorenson, m. Pharps, Physics in Nuclear Medicine, Saunders, 3rd ed., (2003). 5. J.A. Zaggzebski, Essentials of Ultrasound Physics, Mosby Inc., (1996) 6. I.P. Herman, Physics of the Human Body, Springer Verlag, (2007).

Page 102 of 176

Astronomy I (Phys 437)

Course Title and Code:

Astronomy I (Phys 437)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (2 hrs) + Lab: (2 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale We live in the space age in which the curiosity of the 16th century star gazing has dramatically changed into intense exploration of the solar system and discovery of extra-solar planets that could probably shelter the human race in case our homeplanet Earth - fails to provide its inhabitants with adequate resources and security. Astronomy is the scientific study of the structure and evolution of the universe, from the smallest scales measurable to the limits of detectability. It encompasses such diverse areas as the formation and evolution of stars and planetary systems, the chemical evolution of galaxies, and the deep connections between the quantum nature of matter and the large-scale structure of the cosmos. As such it necessarily overlaps with a very large variety of related fields such as high energy physics, condensed matter physics, chemistry, geology and geophysics, and even biology (the interaction of biological systems on planetary atmosphere developments, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence - SETI). The two astronomy courses will provide students with an outline of the scope of modern astronomy.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • • • • • • • • • •

know basic historical astronomy understand the universe- its formation and evolution the physical nature of the planets and other members of the solar system catastrophes and life on Earth stars and stellar evolution modern cosmology planets and planetary systems the space-age solar system extragalactic astronomy have first hand experience on astronomy data analysis 103

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Astronomy I (Phys 437)

Course Description Astronomy and the universe: Astronomical distances and sizes, the heavens, the astronomy of antiquity, the nature of light, optics and telescopes The solar system: Origin of the solar system, gravitation and the motion of planets, Terrestrial planets the Jovian planets, the outer worlds and interplanetary vagabonds, solar system exploration, astronomical events and their influences on evolution of life on Earth, other planetary systems, space age solar system Practiclas (I): naked eye and digital observations of the moon, planets and stars

Course Outline 1) Birth and evolution of stars (10 hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4)

astronomical distances and sizes, the heavens, the astronomy of antiquity, the nature of light, optics and telescopes

2) The Solar System (20 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5) 2.6) 2.7)

Origin of the solar system, Gravitation, the motion of planets, Terrestrial planets, the Jovian planets the outer worlds and interplanetary vagabonds solar system exploration, space age solar system astronomical events and their influences on evolution of life on Earth other planetary systems

3) Practicals I (15 hrs. equivalent) 3.1) NAKED EYE and DIGITAL observations of the moon, planets and stars, 3.2) Analysis of the collected data

Method of Teaching Presentation of the course will involve (i) lectures (ii) regular viewing sessions (iii) tutorials during which students will be provided with help to topics and problems that are not clear to them.

Assessment • • • •

Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% Report on Practicals: 20% Mid-semester Exm (20%), . Final Exam (40%)

Recommended References Course Textbook Kaufmann, William J. (2207), Universe (5th Ed.), W. H. Freeman and Co., ISBN 07167-1927-4 Page 104 of 176

Astronomy II (Phys 438)

Course Title and Code:

Astronomy II (Phys 438)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (2 hrs) + Lab: (2 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 437

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale Astronomy is the scientific study of the structure and evolution of the universe, from the smallest scales measurable to the limits of detectability. It encompasses such diverse areas as the formation and evolution of stars and planetary systems, the chemical evolution of galaxies, and the deep connections between the quantum nature of matter and the large-scale structure of the cosmos. As such it necessarily overlaps with a very large variety of related fields such as high energy physics, condensed matter physics, chemistry, geology and geophysics, and even biology (the interaction of biological systems on planetary atmosphere developments, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence - SETI). This second course in astronomy will provide students with an outline of the scope of modern astronomy.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • know basic historical astronomy • understand the universe- its formation and evolution • the physical nature of the planets and other members of the solar system • catastrophes and life on Earth • stars and stellar evolution • modern cosmology • planets and planetary systems • the space-age solar system • extragalactic astronomy • have first hand experience on astronomy data analysis

105

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Astronomy II (Phys 438)

Course Description Birth and evolution of stars: The nature of stars, our star, the birth of stars, stellar maturity and old age, the death of stars, white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes The universe: galaxies, our galaxy, quasars and active galaxies, modern cosmologycreation and fate of the universe-extragalactic astronomy, the physics of early universe Practicals (II): naked eye and digital observations of nebulae and galaxies.

Course Outline 1) Astronomy and the universe (12 hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4)

The nature of stars, our star, the birth of stars, stellar maturity and old age, the death of stars, white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes

2) The Universe (18 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5)

Galaxies, our galaxy, quasars and active galaxies, modern cosmology, creation and fate of the universe, extragalactic astronomy, the physics of early universe

3) Practicals (15 hrs. equivalent) 3.1) Naked Eye and Digital observation of nebulae and galaxies 3.2) Analysis of Collected Data

Method of Teaching Presentation of the course will involve (i) lectures (ii) regular viewing sessions (iii) tutorials during which students will be provided with help to topics and problems that are not clear to them.

Assessment • • • •

Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% Report on Practicals: 20% Mid-semester Exm (20%), . Final Exam (40%)

Recommended References Course Textbook Kaufmann, William J. (2207), Universe (5th Ed.), W. H. Freeman and Co., ISBN 07167-1927-4

Page 106 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Physics Teaching (Phys 409 )

Physics Teaching (Phys 409 )

Course Title and Code:

Physics Teaching (Phys 409 )

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (2 hrs) + Project: (1 hrs equivalent)

Prerequisite(s):

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale The physics curriculum is designed to produce physics graduates in a three years period of time. At the last year, students are introduced to elective courses so that they can adjust their future/work career. As far as the current status is concerned teaching is a sector for a better employment. The national educational policy also encourages producing as many physics teachers as possible for all the educational levels. To become a physics teacher a person should have a strong interest in science in general and a passion for physics in particular. Thus this course is intended particularly for physics students who may be interested in a career in teaching.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • Identify and describe key aspects of a teacher’s practice in the science classroom/laboratory; • explain the structure and purposes of the National Curriculum for physics ; • explain the role of investigative work in the learning of science; • show how learning in physics depends significantly on the knowledge and understanding of physics children bring with them to the classroom; • distinguish between the different modes of assessment (i.e. formative, summative, ipsative) and the role in learning physics; • relate theoretical aspects of teaching and learning physics to the practice of physics teachers observed in the school • Develop skill of written and oral communication and presentation • Develop self-directed learning, problem analysis with research and reflection

Page 107 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Physics Teaching (Phys 409 )

Course Description This course provides students with an introduction to the teaching and learning of physics at secondary level. It aims to: (a) provide an opportunity for students to engage in observational practice; (b) become familiar with the content of the national curriculum; (c) develop an understanding of the nature of science teaching and the difficulties encountered by children in the learning of physics; d) appreciate the role of assessment in the learning and teaching of science.

Course Outline 1. Starts with the good reasons to become a high school physics teacher to motivate the learner (such as the impact, respect, flexibility, satisfaction, security, learning, income etc). 2. Considers teaching and theories of teaching within the context of physics education. 3. Introduce learning the history and nature of physics, about the application of physics in business and industry 4. Includes a range of practical activities within a teaching context which are designed to illustrate the underlying theories, use mathematics as a tool in problem solving. 5. Considers issues such as curriculum and how it is interpreted, children’s learning in physics, the role of assessment, the purposes of practical/investigative work and the role of the teacher. 6. Encourages participation of females in physics, provide deeper coverage of fewer physics concepts, make connection between physics and other disciplines, use computers for practice, use of the internet. Introduce interesting web sites and the journal of the physics teacher 7. Includes four Wednesday mornings spent in a local school physics department. During these periods, students review the relationship between teaching and learning; 8. Issues related to designing a curriculum for physics; explore the purposes of teaching physics; find out how children learn physics; observe the elements of science teaching; examine the conceptual nature of Physics learning; evaluate their experiences. Through the school experience ideas introduced during the seminars can be observed in operation.

Method of Teaching Lecture, demonstration, observation, visit, group work, assignments, presentation Online learning resources.

Assessment • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 20% • Project and Presentation 30 • One tests (20%), . • Semester final exam (30%)

Page 108 of 176

Metrology II (Phys 415)

Course Title and Code:

Metrology II (Phys 415)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (2 hrs) + Tutor: (3 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 316

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course aims to deepen the concepts of measurement science and quality control. The growing export market in the agriculture and industry sectors is accompanied by increased demand of standardization and quality assurance. This first course in metrology will motivate and gives the fundamentals to enter quality assurance and standardization procedures. professions that need need of

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • explain the working principle of instrumentation; • Perform advanced measurement activities; • solve problems related to measurement and error analysis; • recognize quality control, quality systems and quality management; • troubleshoot faults ins measuring instruments; • understanding of quality assurance and infrastructure concept in various sectors of the national economy • Work Co-operatively: students are free to discuss homework problems with each other. Hence they have the opportunity to work co-operatively and exploit each other as a learning resource.

Course Description Measurement Circuits and Matching of Instruments, Oscilloscope, Procedures for Measurement of Impedances, Measurement Amplifiers, Instrumentation and Some practical activities on Measurement Circuits and Matching of Instruments, Oscilloscope, Procedures for Measurement of Impedances, Measurement Amplifiers.

109

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Metrology II (Phys 415)

Course Outline I) Analogue Measuring Instruments(16 hrs) 1) Measurement 1.1. Measuring 1.2. Measuring 1.3. Measuring

Circuits I, V, and I, V, and I, V, and

and Matching of Instruments P in AC P in DC P in three phase systems

2) Oscilloscope 2.1. Characteristics (input impedance, bandwidth, rising time, sensitivity and noise) 2.2. Multichannel Oscilloscopes 3) Procedures for Measurement of Impedances 3.1. Resistance Bridges 3.2. Impedance bridges (Capacitances and Inductances) 3.3. Bridges for frequencies and Phases 4) Measurement Amplifiers 4.1. Close locked loop amplifiers (Inverting and non-Inverting) 4.2. Voltage followers 4.3. Practical Applications II) Statistical Process Control (7 hrs) 5) Fundamentals of Statistical Concepts 6) Introduction to Control Charts 7) Specification Limits and Tolerance III) Methods for Quality Improvement(7 hrs) 8) Process Control and Improvement Techniques 9) Industrial Experimentation 10) Design and Reliability

Method of Teaching Presentation of the course is through lecture, and additional assessed coursework. Online learning resources.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 15% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • Two Tests (40%), . • Mid-semester and Semester final tests (40%)

Recommended References Course Textbook FARAGO, F.T., Curtis, M.A., Handbook of Dimensional Measurement, Third Edition, Industrial Press, 1994

Page 110 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Metrology II (Phys 415)

References 1. Harrison M. Wadsworth, Modern Methods for Quality Control and Improvement, John Weily and Sons, 2002

Page 111 of 176

Metrology III (Phys 416)

Course Title and Code:

Metrology III (Phys 416)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (2 hrs) + Tutor: (3 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 415

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Room No. —–

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course aims to deepen the concepts of measurement science and quality control by attaching students to a project work in collaboration with the facilities in the Quality and Standards Authority of Ethiopia .

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • explain the working principle of instrumentation; • Perform advanced measurement activities; • solve problems related to measurement and error analysis; • recognize quality control, quality systems and quality management; • troubleshoot faults ins measuring instruments; • understanding of quality assurance and infrastructure concept in various sectors of the national economy • Work Co-operatively: students are free to discuss homework problems with each other. Hence they have the opportunity to work co-operatively and exploit each other as a learning resource.

Course Description Project Work on Quality and standard topics.

Course Outline 1. Project on Topics of Standardization, Measurement or Quality infrastructure

112

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Metrology III (Phys 416)

Method of Teaching One semester Project work with guidance of advisor on topics of measurement, standardization and quality infrastructure.

Assessment • • • •

Project proposal: 10% Two progress reports 10% Presentation and oral question (40%), . Assessment of Project Report (40%)

Recommended References Course Textbook FARAGO, F.T., Curtis, M.A., Handbook of Dimensional Measurement, Third Edition, Industrial Press, 1994

References 1. Harrison M. Wadsworth, Modern Methods for Quality Control and Improvement, John Weily and Sons, 2002

Page 113 of 176

Stellar Physics I (Phys 434)

Course Title and Code:

Stellar Physics I (Phys 434)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale Stellar physics, a branch of astrophysics, is the study of stars throughout their lifetime and compact objects such as white dwarfs and neutron stars. The knowledge and methods acquired in this course is useful for begining astrophysicists in addition to being transferable to other areas of career.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • describe parameters of stars • explain thermodynamics of the stellar interior • energy transport in stellar interior • explain thermonuclear reaction rates • tackle, with facility, mathematically formed problems and their solution; • Time Management: students are required to work to weekly deadlines for the completion of homework and must therefore develop appropriate coping strategies. In particular, it will be necessary for them to work consistently through the week and manage their time carefully. • Work Co-operatively: students are free to discuss homework problems with each other. Hence they have the opportunity to work co-operatively and exploit each other as a learning resource.

Course Description A physical introduction to stars: Luminosity, Stellar Temperature, Mass, Radius, Energetics, the Hertzpring-Russel Diagram, Stellar Populations, Stellar Evolution, Nucleosynthesis. Thermodynamic State of the Stellar Interior: Mechanical Pressure of a Perfect Gas, Quasi-static Changes of State, the Ionized Real Gas, Polytropes. 114

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Stellar Physics I (Phys 434)

Energy Transport in the Stellar Interior: Energy Balance, Radiative Transfer, Opacity of Stellar Matter, Conduction, Connective Instability of the Temperature Gradient, Neutrino Emission Thermonuclear Reaction Rates: Kinematics and Energetics, Cross Section and Reaction Rate, Non-resonant Reaction Rates, Nuclear States, Penetration Factors, Maximum Cross Section and Resonant Reactions, Resonant Reaction Rates in Stars, Electron Shielding.

Course Outline 1) A physical introduction to stars (6 hrs) 1.1) Luminosity 1.2) Stellar Temperature, Mass, Radius, Energetics, 1.3) the Hertzpring-Russel Diagram 1.4) Stellar Populations 1.5) Stellar Evolution 1.6) Nucleosynthesis. 2) Thermodynamic State of the Stellar Interior (15 hrs) 2.1) Mechanical Pressure of a Perfect Gas 2.2) Quasi-static Changes of State 2.3) the Ionized Real Gas Polytropes. 3) Energy Transport in the Stellar Interior (10 hrs) 3.1) Energy Balance 3.2) Radiative Transfer 3.3) Opacity of Stellar Matter, Conduction, Connective 3.4) Instability of the Temperature Gradient 3.5) Neutrino Emission 4) Thermonuclear Reaction Rates(14 hrs) 4.1) Kinematics and Energetics 4.2) Cross Section and Reaction Rate 4.3) Non-resonant Reaction Rates 4.4) Nuclear States, Penetration Factors 4.5) Maximum Cross Section and Resonant Reactions 4.6) Resonant Reaction Rates in Stars, Electron Shielding.

Method of Teaching Presentation of the course is through lecture, a related guided problems section with demonstrator assistance and additional assessed coursework. Online learning resources.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 15% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • Two Tests (40%), . • Mid-semester and Semester final tests (40%) Page 115 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Stellar Physics I (Phys 434)

Recommended References Course Textbook Hale Bradt, Astrophysics Processes (1st Edition - hardback), Cambridge, (2008).

References 1. Donald D. Clayton, Principles of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis (2nd ed., paper back), Chicago,

Page 116 of 176

Stellar Physics II (Phys 435)

Course Title and Code:

Stellar Physics II (Phys 435)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 434

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale Stellar physics, a branch of astrophysics, is the study of stars throughout their lifetime and compact objects such as white dwarfs and neutron stars. Stellar physics is a very broad subject, astrophysicists typically apply many disciplines of physics, including mechanics, electromagnetism, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, relativity, nuclear and particle physics, and atomic and molecular physics. In practice, modern astronomical research involves a substantial amount of physics. Therefore knowledge and methods acquired in this course is useful for being astrophysicists in addition to being transferable to other areas of career.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • describe major nuclear burning stages in stellar evolution • calculate major structural parameters • describe synthesis of heavy elements • tackle, with facility, mathematically formed problems and their solution; • Time Management: students are required to work to weekly deadlines for the completion of homework and must therefore develop appropriate coping strategies. In particular, it will be necessary for them to work consistently through the week and manage their time carefully. • Work Co-operatively: students are free to discuss homework problems with each other. Hence they have the opportunity to work co-operatively and exploit each other as a learning resource.

Course Description Major Nuclear Burning Stages in Stellar Evolution: The Proton-Proton Reactions, PPII and PPIII chains, The CNO Bi-cycle, Helium Burning, Advanced Burning Stages, 117

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Stellar Physics II (Phys 435)

Photo-disintegration. Calculation of Stellar Structure: Boundary Conditions, M as the Independent Variable, Composition Changes, Numerical Techniques, Contraction to the Main Sequence, The Main Sequence, Advanced Stellar Evolution, Radiation, Mass Loss, Pulsation. Synthesis of the Heavy Elements: Photo-disintegration, Rearrangement and Silicon Burning, Nuclear Statistical Equilibrium and the e-Process, Nucleosynthesis of Heavy Elements by Neutron Capture.

Course Outline 1) Major Nuclear Burning Stages in Stellar Evolution (18 hrs) 1.1) The Proton-Proton Reactions, PPII and PPIII chains 1.2) The CNO Bi-cycle, 1.3) Helium Burning, 1.4) Advanced Burning Stages, Photo-disintegration. 2) Calculation of Stellar Structure (15 hrs) 2.1) Boundary Conditions, M as the Independent Variable 2.2) Composition Changes, Numerical Techniques 2.3) Contraction to the Main Sequence 2.4) The Main Sequence 2.5) Advanced Stellar Evolution 2.6) Radiation, Mass Loss 2.7) Pulsation. 3) Synthesis of the Heavy Elements (12 hrs) 3.1) Photo-disintegration 3.2) Rearrangement and Silicon Burning 3.3) Nuclear Statistical Equilibrium and the e-Process, 3.4) Nucleosynthesis of Heavy Elements by Neutron Capture.

Method of Teaching Presentation of the course is through lecture, a related guided problems section with demonstrator assistance and additional assessed coursework. Online learning resources.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 15% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • Two Tests (40%), . • Mid-semester and Semester final tests (40%)

Recommended References Course Textbook Hale Bradt , Astrophysics Processes (1st Edition - hardback), Cambridge, (2008). Page 118 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Stellar Physics II (Phys 435)

References 1. Donald D. Clayton, Principles of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis (2nd ed., paper back), Chicago,

Page 119 of 176

Introduction to Plasma Physics (Phys 436)

Course Title and Code:

Introduction to Plasma Physics (Phys 436)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 376

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale Plasma physics is an important subject for a large number of research areas including space physics, astrophysics, controlled fusion research, high-power laser physics, plasma processing, accelerator physics, and many areas of experimental physics. The primary goal of this course is to present the basic principles and main equations of plasma physics at an introductory level, with emphasis on topics of broad applicability

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • Appreciate ionization as a source of plasma, • Explain the plasma properties and parameters, • Compare plasma with gas phases, • Explain the kinetic description of plasma, • Solve plasma problems based on the properties.

Course Description The course begins with a description of various types of plasmas and a discussion of some basic plasma parameters, such as the Debye length and the plasma frequency. Following a discussion of charged particle motion in electromagnetic fields, progressively more detailed models of plasmas are presented, starting with a dielectric description of cold plasma and moving on to the magnetohydrodynamic and kinetic descriptions. Additional topics may be added as time allows. Students are required to give a presentation to the class on a plasma physics topic related to the course.

Course Outline 1) Introduction (5 hrs) 1.1) Definition of a plasma 120

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Introduction to Plasma Physics (Phys 436)

1.2) Classification of plasmas, the n-T diagram 1.3) A brief review of classical electrodynamics and vector calculus 2) Basic Plasma Characteristics (5 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4)

The electron plasma frequency The Debye length Electrostatic plasma waves Coulomb collisions

3) Motion of a Charged Particle in Magnetic Fields ( 7 hrs) 3.1) Constant uniform magnetic field 3.2) Constant uniform magnetic field with non-magnetic forces 3.3) Guiding center motion in nonuniform magnetic fields 4) Dielectric Description of Cold Plasma (8 hrs) 4.1) General properties 4.2) Waves in a cold unmagnetized plasma 4.3) The dielectric tensor for a cold magnetized plasma 4.4) Waves in a cold magnetized plasma 5) Magnetohydrodynamic Description of Plasma (10 hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5) 5.6)

The MHD equations General properties of the ideal MHD description MHD equilibrium MHD waves MHD stability MHD shocks

6) Kinetic Description of Plasma (10 hrs) 6.1) 6.2) 6.3) 6.4) 6.5)

The Vlasov equation Connections to fluid theories Vlasov theory of electrostatic plasma waves Landau damping The Fokker-Planck equation and binary Coulomb collisions

Method of Teaching Presentation of the course is through lecture, a related guided problems section with demonstrator assistance and additional assessed coursework. Online learning resources. Assignments, group works

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 10% • Two Tests (30%), . • Mid-semester and Semester final exams (40%)

Page 121 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Introduction to Plasma Physics (Phys 436)

Recommended References 1. R. O. Dendy, Plasma Dynamics, Clarendon Press, Oxford, (1990). 2. F. F. Chen, Introduction to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, second edition, Plenum Press, (1984). 3. F.F. Chen, Introduction to Plasma Physics, Springer, (1995). 4. Gurnett D.A. and A. Bhattacharjee, Introduction to Plasma Physics, with Space and Laboratory Applications, Cambridge University press, (2005).

Page 122 of 176

Space Physics (Phys 439 )

Course Title and Code:

Space Physics (Phys 439 )

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (– hrs) + Lab: (– hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 376

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Chemistry, Earthscience

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale The rationale of this course are to introduce students to the basic ideas of Modern physics with emphasis on the theory of special relativity, identification of the limitations of classical mechanics and the development of quantum mechanics, the wave particle duality and the atomic structure.

Course Description Introduction, The sun, The solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field, The earth’s magnetic field, The ionosphere, Currents in the ionosphere, The magnetosphere, The aurora, Precipitation patterns of the auroral particles.

Course Outcomes At the end of this course students will be able to • elaborate the solar system and its components • define what space (universe) is and elaborate its main components • explain the sun, solar wind and its origin • verify the Physics of planetary magnetospheres

Course Outline 1) Introduction (5 hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4) 1.5)

What is space physics The sun and the solar corona The solar wind The heliosphere The Earth’s ionosphere; planetary magnetospheres

2) Physics of Solar System Plasmas ( 12 hrs) 123

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Space Physics (Phys 439 )

2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5) 2.6) 2.7) 2.8) 2.9) 2.10)

Origins; quasi-neutrality Motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields Drift motion Plasma as an ion-electron gas Equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy The fluid description of a plasma Maxwell’s equations applied to a plasma Electromagnetic force on a plasma Magnetic tension and pressure The magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) approximation and frozen-in flows; MHD wave modes 2.11) Shock waves

3) Physics of the solar corona and the solar wind ( 6 hrs.) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4)

Atmospheres in hydrostatic equilibrium Plasma and magnetic structures in the solar corona The origin of the solar wind and Parker’s isothermal solar wind solution The solar cycle dependence of solar phenomena

4) Physics of the Heliosphere ( 5 hrs.) 4.1) The solar wind and the heliospheric magnetic field 4.2) Fast and slow solar wind streams 4.3) Co-rotating and transient disturbances in the solar wind; solar cycle effects 4.4) The boundary of the heliosphere and the Local Interstellar Medium 5) Physics of the Earth’s Ionosphere ( 5 hrs.) 5.1) Formation of the ionosphere; photo-ionization and the Chapman production function 5.2) Ionization by energetic particles; loss mechanisms 5.3) Conductivity and current systems; 5.4) Ionosondes 6) Physics of planetary magnetospheres ( 7 hrs.) 6.1) The Chapman-Ferraro problem; the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere 6.2) Bow shock 6.3) Magnetosheath 6.4) Magnetopause 6.5) Magnetosphere 6.6) Magnetospheric tail 6.7) Plasma flows due to corotation and solar-wind driven convection 6.8) Radiation belts 7) Solar-Terrestrial Physics and Space Weather ( 5 hrs.) 7.1) 7.2) 7.3) 7.4)

Geophysical effects of solar phenomena some practical effects of Space Weather phenomena solar cycle dependence of geophysical effects problems with forecasting Space Weather.

Page 124 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Space Physics (Phys 439 )

Method of Teaching Lecture, discussion, homework, tutorial and project. Online learning resources are also employed.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • quizzes and Tests (25%), • All in all the continuous assessment covers 50 % • Final Semester Examination (50%)

Page 125 of 176

Solid State Physics II (Phys 452)

Course Title and Code:

Solid State Physics II (Phys 452)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (1 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 451

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale The aims of this course are to extend students knowledge of the electronic structure of metals to the electronic properties of semiconductors and appreciate the behaviour of electronic devices in the electronic technology. This course will help students to work on their senior project on some applications of the area.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • Understand the concept of a band structure, and be able to distinguish between metals, semiconductors and insulators on the basis of their energy band schemes, • Describe how allowed and forbidden energy bands arise as a result of crystal potentials and how the properties of electrons in allowed energy bands determine the electrical and optical behavior; • Explain how the properties of solids are used in a variety of optoelectronic and microelectronic devices. • Discuss why it is that classical theories fail and why electrons in solids have to be treated as quantum mechanical waves • Explain the concept of density of states • Study the physical applications of quantum physics to the study of the solid state • Provide a description of how to solve a problem, justifying your choice • Discuss the factors that control the electrical conductivity of metals and semiconductors • Understand how solid state physics is related to different technologies

126

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Solid State Physics II (Phys 452)

Course Description Topics to be treated include: The Free Electron Theory of Metals, Energy Bands, Wave Functions in Periodic Structures, Bloch Theorem, Electrical Conductivity, Metals, Insulators, Semiconductors, Superconductivity.

Course Outline 1) The free electron theory of metals (13 hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4) 1.5) 1.6) 1.7) 1.8) 1.9) 1.10) 1.11) 1.12)

Classical free electron theory of metals Drawbacks of classical theory Relaxation time, collision time, and mean free path Quantum theory of free electrons Quantum mechanics of simple problems (The free particle, The rectangular potential barrier) Particle in a box Fermi-dirac statistics and electronic distribution in solids Density of energy states and Fermi energy The Fermi distribution function Heat capacity of the electron gas Effect of temperature on Fermi distribution function Thermal conductivity in metals

2) Band theory of solids (10 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5) 2.6) 2.7)

Nearly free electron model Origin of the energy gap Bloch Functions Electron in a periodic field of a crystal (Kronig-Penney model) Brillouin zones in two and three dimensions Number of possible wave functions in a band Motion of electrons in a one dimensional periodic potential

3) Electrical properties (6 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4)

Temperature and frequency dependent of the electrical conductivity Matthiessens rule Magnetoresistance and the Hall effect The Kondo effect

4) Metals, Insulators, Semiconductors and Superconductors(16 hrs) 4.1) Metals (band structure) 4.2) Insulators (band structure) 4.3) Semiconductors 4.3.1) Band structure of semiconductors 4.3.2) Intrinsic semiconductors 4.3.3) Conductivity and temperature 4.3.4) Statistics of electrons and holes in intrinsic semiconductors 4.3.5) Electrical conductivity 4.3.6) Statistics of extrinsic semiconductor 4.3.7) P-type and n-type semiconductor 4.3.8) Mechanism of current conduction in semiconductors 4.4) Superconductos Page 127 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

4.4.1) 4.4.2) 4.4.3) 4.4.4)

Solid State Physics II (Phys 452)

A survey of superconductivity Thermal properties The energy gap Type I and type II superconductors

Method of Teaching Lecture, discussion (group work), presentation and demonstration, Online learning resources.

Assessment • Classroom participation, homework average, quizzes, and term projects: 15% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • Quizzes, Tests (30%), . • Semester final exam (50%)

Recommended References 1. C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, Wiley, 8th ed., (2004). 2. M. Ali Omar, Elementary Solid state Physics: Principles and Applications, Addison Wesley, (1993). 3. S. O. Pillai, Solid State Physics, New Age Int. 6th ed., (2008). 4. Ashcroft N.W. and Mermin N.D., Solid State Physics, Holt-Saunders, (1976). 5. Burns G., Solid State Physics, Academic Press, (1985). 6. Hook J.R. and Hall H.E., Solid State Physics 2nd ed.,, Wiley, (1991). 7. L. Mihly and M.C. Martin, Solid State Physics; Problems and Solutions, WileyVCH, (2009).

Page 128 of 176

Introduction to Atmospheric Physics (Phys 463)

Course Title and Code:

Introduction to Atmospheric Physics (Phys 463)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (1 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science/——–

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course is given to students in order to study the structure, composition and dynamics of the atmosphere.

Learning Outcomes At the end of this course students will be able to: • verify the basic composition, structure and dynamics of the atmosphere; • explain the workings of the hydrologic cycle and discuss the mechanisms of water transport in the atmosphere and in the ground; • identify the different layers of the atmosphere

Course Description This course covers the structure, composition and dynamics of the Atmosphere, radiation and thermodynamics of the Atmosphere, and the Hydrosphere. It also includes Atmospheric remote sensing, modelling,

Course Outline 1) Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere (5 hrs) 1.1) Introduction to the Atmosphere 1.2) Principal layers of the atmosphere 1.3) Structure of the Earth’s Atmosphere (The troposphere, The stratosphere, The mesosphere and The thermosphere) 1.4) Whether and climatic variations 1.5) Atmospheric Composition 2) Atmospheric Thermodynamics( 7 hrs) 2.1) Ideal gas model revisited, exponential variation of pressure with height 129

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5) 2.6) 2.7) 2.8) 2.9)

Introduction to Atmospheric Physics (Phys 463)

Temperature structure and lapse rate Hydrostatic Balance Entropy and Potential temperature Parcel Concept The Available Potential Energy Moisture in the Atmosphere Cloud Formation Forecasting weather conditions

3) Radiation and the Atmosphere( 8 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5) 3.6) 3.7) 3.8) 3.9)

The Sun as the prime source of energy for the earth Solar energy input, cycles daily and annual Spectrum of solar radiation reaching the earth Total radiation and the Stefan Boltzmann, Wien, Plank and Kirchoff Laws Radiation balance at the earth’s surface and determination of the surface temperature The Ozone layer and ozone layer depletion Absorption by Atmospheric Gases The Radiative Transformation CO2 , methane, H2 O and the Greenhouse effect

4) The Hydrosphere ( 7 hrs) 4.1) 4.2) 4.3) 4.4) 4.5) 4.6) 4.7) 4.8)

Properties of water The hydrologic cycle Measuring the water content of the atmosphere; humidity. Thermodynamics of moist air and cloud formation Growth of water droplets in clouds Rain and thunderstorms Winds in the Atmosphere Hydrostatic equation

5) Dynamics of the atmosphere ( 6 hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5) 5.6)

Geostrophic, Hydrostatic Cyclostrophic flow (high and low pressure systems) Thermal wind equations, equation of State Continuity, vorticity and divergence theorems Thermodynamic Energy equation, Instability Wave motions

6) Atmospheric Remote Sensing ( 6 hrs) 6.1) 6.2) 6.3) 6.4)

Atmospheric observation Atmospheric remote sounding from space Atmospheric remote sounding from the ground Dobson ozone spectrometry, Radars, Liders

7) Atmospheric Modeling( 8 hrs) 7.1) 7.2) 7.3) 7.4)

The hierarchy of models Numerical Modelling Laboratory Models Simple application of Models Page 130 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Introduction to Atmospheric Physics (Phys 463)

Method of Teaching Lecture method, group discussion, peer discussion, presentation, etc. will be employed. The instructor presents the lesson through an interactive lectures and discussions. However, each lecture is to be followed by problem solving and some times group discussions in the class under the supervision of the instructor. Independent problem solving will also be used. Reading assignments and small projects may also be given.

Assessment 1.1) Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 15% 2.2) In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 10% 3.3) Quizzes and tests at least one at the end of each chapter (25%), . 4.4) Final semester examination (50%)

Recommended References Course Textbook D. G. Andrews, An Introduction to Atmospheric Physics, cambridge University Press, (2000).

References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

R. McIlveen, Fundamentals of Weather and Climate, Chapman and Hall (1992) J. M. Wallace and P. V. Hobbs, Atmospheric Science, Elsevier, 2nd ed., (2006). J. M. Wallace and P. V. Hobbs Atmospheric Science (1977). S.L. Hess, Introduction to Theoretical Meteorology. Iribarne & H.R. Cho, Atmospheric Science. K. Saha, The Earth’s Atmosphere: its Physics and Dynamics, Springer (2008). M.L. Salty, Fundamentals of Atmospheric Physics, Academic press, (1996). Houghton J.T., The Physics of Atmospheres, 1986

Page 131 of 176

Physics of Electronic Devices (Phys 456 )

Course Title and Code:

Physics of Electronic Devices (Phys 456 )

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Lab: (2 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 451

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Room No. —–

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course prepares students to understand one of the practical aspects of physics in materials science. It is aimed at to exercise the students on developing new technologies in the field of electronic devices.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • To understand clearly the basic principles of semiconductor devices • To understand the properties of electrons in semiconductors. • To understand clearly effects of various processes on device characteristics • To understand electronic and optoelectronic application of semiconductor materials. • To design new semiconductor devices

Course Description This course covers two parts: SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS (Energy Bands & Carrier Concentration in Thermal Equilibrium; Carrier Transport Phenomena) and SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES (P-n Junction; Bipolar Transistor & Related Devices; MOSFET & related devices; Microwave Diodes, Quantum-Effect, & Hot-Electron Devices; Photonic devices)

Course Outline 1) Energy Bands & Carrier Concentration in Thermal Equilibrium Semiconductor Materials & Basic Crystal Structure (5 hrs) 1.1) Energy Bands 1.2) Intrinsic Carrier Concentration 1.3) Donors & Acceptors 132

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Physics of Electronic Devices (Phys 456 )

2) Carrier Transport Phenomena (6 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5)

Carrier Drift Carrier Diffusion Generation & Recombination Processes Continuity Equation High-Field Effects

3) P-n Junction (7 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5) 3.6) 3.7)

Thermal Equilibrium Condition Depletion Region Depletion Capacitance Current-Voltage Characteristics Charge Storage & Transient Behavior Junction Breakdown Heterojunction

4) Bipolar Transistor & Related Devices(6 hrs) 4.1) 4.2) 4.3) 4.4) 4.5)

The Transistor Action Static Characteristics of Bipolar Transistor Frequency Response & Switching of Bipolar Transistor The heterojunction bipolar transistor The thyristor & related power devices

5) MOSFET & related devices (9 hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5) 5.6) 5.7) 5.8) 5.9) 5.10)

The mos diode Mosfet fundamentals Mosfet scaling Cmos & bicmos Mosfet on insulator Mos memory structures The power mosfet Metal-Semiconductor contacts Mesfet Modfet

6) Microwave Diodes, Quantum-Effect, & Hot-Electron Devices (7 hrs) 6.1) 6.2) 6.3) 6.4) 6.5) 6.6)

Basic Microwave technology Tunnel diode Impatt diode Transferred-electron devices Quantum-effect devices Hot-electron devices

7) Photonic Devices (5 hrs) 7.1) 7.2) 7.3) 7.4) 7.5)

Radiative transition & optical absorption Leds Semiconductor laser Photodetector Solar cell

Page 133 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Physics of Electronic Devices (Phys 456 )

Method of Teaching Lectures include: Pre-Class Assignments, In-Class Concept Questions, Interactive Lecture Demonstrations/Simulations, Peer Discussion, Post-Class Questions; Practical include: lab practices Online learning resources.

Assessment • Homework, practical reports: 25% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • One Test (20%), • Lab Practice and report 20% • Semester final exam (30%)

Recommended References 1. S.M. Sze and Kwok K. Nq, Physics of Semiconductor Devices Wiley-Interscience 3rd ed., (2006). 2. S.M. Sze, Modern Semiconductor Device Physics Wiley, John and Sons (1997) 3. S.M. Sze, High Speed Semiconductor Devices Wiley-Interscience, (1990). 4. Michael Shur, Physics of Semiconductor Devices Prentice Hall, (1990) 5. B. Streetman and S. Banerjee, Solid State Electronic Devices, 6th ed., Prentice Hall, (2005).. 6. Robert F. Pierret, Semiconductor Device Fundamentals Addison-Wesley, (1996). 7. Donald A Neamen, Semiconductor Physics and Devices: Basic Principles McGrawHill, (2002).

Page 134 of 176

Electronics II (Phys 454 )

Course Title and Code:

Electronics II (Phys 454 )

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs)+ Lab: (2 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 353

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale The primary purpose of this course is to give the student confidence & competence in practical aspect of electronic devices and to introduce laboratory project work. Further aims are to encourage the application of basic principles through self-paced laboratory demonstrations and contribute to the development of the digital electronics technology in the country.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • Have basic knowledge on Field-Effect transistors. • Explain the role of some common logic circuits in electronic devices. • Have basic understanding of how digital electronics circuits work • Design electronic apparatus of his own through projects

Course Description Field Effect Transistors (FETs), DC biasing of FETs, Feedback and Oscillators, Operational Amplifiers, Digital and Analog Electronic Systems, Flip Flops, Counters, Shift Registers, Binary address and Sub tractors, Digital-to-Analog and Analog-to-Digital converters.

Course Outline 1) Field Effect Transistors (6 hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4) 1.5)

Introduction Structure and physical operation of the Enhancement type MOSFET Current voltage characteristics of enhancement MOSFET The depletion type of MOSFET The junction field-effect transistor(JFET) 135

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

1.6) 1.7) 1.8) 1.9) 1.10)

Electronics II (Phys 454 )

FET circuits at DC The FET as an Amplifier Biasing the FET in discrete units Basic configuration of single-stage FET Amplifier Fet switches

2) Feedback and Oscillators (9 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5) 2.6) 2.7) 2.8) 2.9) 2.10)

Introduction Principle of feedback Advantages and disadvantages of feedback Desensitivity to parameter variation Reduction of noise and distortion Effect on the frequency response and terminal impedance of the amplifier Types of feedback Shunt-shunt amplifier Series-series feedback Stability and other considerations

3) Operational Amplifiers and Operational Amplifier feedback (11 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5) 3.6) 3.7) 3.8) 3.9) 3.10) 3.11) 3.12) 3.13) 3.14) 3.15) 3.16) 3.17) 3.18) 3.19)

The ideal operational amplifier Analysis of circuits containing ideal operational amplifiers The closed loop gain The effect of finite open loop gain The miller integration The differentiation circuit The summing amplifier The non-inverting configuration The difference amplifier The instrumentation amplifier The non-inverting integration Frequency response of closed loop operational amplifiers Common mode rejection Input and Output resistances DC problems Offset voltage Input bias current Input offset current Sinusoidal Oscillation

4) Digital and Analog Electronic Systems(7 hrs) 4.1) Introduction to logic 4.2) Logic signals 4.3) Logic circuits 4.4) The NAND and NOR functions 4.5) The standard form of logic functions 4.6) The Binary number system 4.7) The Inverter(NOT Gate) 4.8) Transistor-Transistor Logic(TTL) 4.9) Emitter-coupled logic(ECL) 4.10) CMOSL Logic 4.11) Comparison of Logic families Page 136 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Electronics II (Phys 454 )

5) Registers, Counters and Flip-Flops (6 hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5) 5.6) 5.7) 5.8)

Introduction Shift registers Counters Arithmetic circuits Digital Filters The RS Flip-Flops The RS master-slave Flip-Flops The JK Flip-Flops

6) Digital-to-Analog and Analog-to-Digital converters (6 hrs) 6.1) 6.2) 6.3) 6.4) 6.5)

Introduction Sample and hold circuits Digital-to-Analog converters Analog-to-Digital converters Timing circuits

Method of Teaching Problem solving, Discussion, Experiment, Two independent projects to simulate the processes of researching, planning, performing, analyzing and reporting a small-scale experimental investigation in the field.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 15% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions,) 15% • Two Tests (30%), . • Mid-semester and Semester final exams (40%)

Recommended References 1. A.E.Fitzgerald, Basic Electrical Engineering. 2. R.L.Havill, Elements of Electronics for physical scientists. 3. J.J.Brophy, Basic Electronics for scientists.

Page 137 of 176

Exploration Geophysics (Phys 468)

Course Title and Code:

Exploration Geophysics (Phys 468)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (1 hrs) + Lab: (– hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 369

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Room No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course provides students with the basic knowledge in the application of geophysical methods; with the knowledge and skills in survey design, field procedures, and presentation of results, interpretation of anomalies.

Course Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • have skill of operating the different instruments of geophysics • data collection and interpretation; • be able to prospect the deep seated resources of the earth.

Course Description The course covers the following main topics: Basic principles and applications of geophysical exploration; Overview of the different geophysical methods; Gravity Method: General principles, the gravity field of the Earth, stable and unstable gravimeters, gravity data correction, Regional Residual Separation, Interpretations; Magnetic Method: Principles, The magnetic field of the Earth, Magnetometers: Hotchkiss Super dip, Schmidt balance and the Proton-Precision magnetometers, ground and airborne magnetic surveys, magnetic data corrections, data presentation and qualitative interpretation; Electrical Methods, types of electrical methods of prospecting; Resistivity methods: Resistivity Sounding and Profiling, Theory of Images: Hummel’s Image, Theory and apparent resistivity over two-layer Earth, two-layer master curves; The Self Potential Method: Principles and origin, Field procedure, applications; Induced Polarization Method: Principles, origin, Field procedure and applications; Seismic Methods: Elementary principles of seismic reflection and refraction methods, Two- and threelayer reflection and refraction problems including inclined layers, Applications, Field procedure, Fundamentals of seismic instrumentation

138

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Exploration Geophysics (Phys 468)

Course Outline 1) Introduction to Exploration Geophysics (3 hrs) 1.1) Basic principles and application of geophysical exploration 1.2) Overview of the different geophysical methods 2) Gravity Methods (5 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4)

General principles, Gravity field of Earth Gravimeters, stable and unstable Corrections applied to gravity data Interpretation of gravity data

3) Magnetic methods (5 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5)

General principles, magnetic field of earth Magnetometers, field procedures Ground and airborne magnetic surveying Correction applied to magnetic data Interpretation and presentation of data

4) Electric methods (6 hrs) 4.1) 4.2) 4.3) 4.4)

Types of electrical methods of prospecting Resistivity method Theory and apparent resistivity Induced polarization method

item Seismic Exploration (5 hrs) 4.1) 4.2) 4.3) 4.4)

Elementary principles of seismic reflection and refraction methods Two -layer reflection and refraction, inclined and horizontal layer Three- layer reflection and refraction of inclined and horizontal layer Application, field procedures and fundamentals of seismic instrumentation

5) Well logging (4 hrs) 5.1) Overview of well logging and its application: resistivity and SP, Induction, gammas 5.2) Lithology identification from porosity log; clay quantification from logs, saturation estimation 6) Other geophysical exploration (3 hrs) 6.1) Radiometric 6.2) Geothermal 7) Planning and implementation of geophysical exploration (5 hrs) 7.1) Planning and design of the field work 7.2) Implementation and quality control 7.3) Case studies 8) Field excursion (5 hrs) 8.1) Measurements of resistivity using geophysical instruments in field such as, therameter, IP etc 8.2) Electric equipment and basic field procedure

Page 139 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Exploration Geophysics (Phys 468)

Method of Teaching Lecture, discussion, homework, tutorial and project. Online learning resources are also employed.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • quizzes and Tests (25%), • All in all the continuous assessment covers 50 % • Final Semester Examination (50%)

References 1. Applied Geophysics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, QES A663 2. Burger, H.R. : Exploration Geophysics of Shallow Subsurface, Prentice Hall, TN26 B86 1992. 3. Dobrin, M.B. Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting. McGraw Hill, New York, (1960). 4. Keller, G.V. and Frischknecht F. C. Electrical Methods of Geophysical Prospecting. Pergamon Press, New York, (1996) . 5. Telford, W.M, Geldart, L.P and Sheriff, R.E. Applied Geophysics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, (1990). 6. Geophysical Exploration, Hanfer Publshing vompany, TN269 H37 (1963). 7. Foundation of Exploration Geophysics, Elsevier, TN269A75. 8. Applied and Environmental Geophysics, John M..Reynolds 9. Applied Geophysics,Telford,W.B

Page 140 of 176

Introduction to Laser Physics (Phys 471)

Course Title and Code:

Introduction to Laser Physics (Phys 471)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 372 & Phys 342

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course is intended to introduce basic concepts of stimulated light amplification mechanisms and their possible applications. With significant advance in laser technology and its quite diverse applications, it would be necessary if the students acquire the fundamental background of laser in undergraduate level.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students will able to • • • • • •

develop familiarity with historical development of laser Physics, describe properties of light generated by laser, explain the fundamental laws and principles applicable in laser, elaborate some peculiar applications of laser, understand the mechanism responsible for nonclassical properties of light, describe different sources of laser.

Course Description Review of Essential Concepts in Laser, Characteristics of Laser Light, Optical Cavities, Optical Pumping, Beam Optics, Atomic Radiation, Spontaneous and Stimulated Emission of Radiation, Optical Laser Excitation, Einstein’s Coefficients, Population Inversion, Laser Oscillation, Laser Frequencies, Laser Rate Equation, Types of Laser, Applications of Laser

Course Outline 1) Introduction (12 hrs) 141

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4) 1.5) 1.6) 1.7) 1.8) 1.9) 1.10) 1.11) 1.12)

Introduction to Laser Physics (Phys 471)

Review of essential concepts Historical accounts Characteristics of laser light Optical cavities Optical pumping Beam optics Monochromaticity Einstein’s coefficients Gain and threshold Laser oscillation Laser frequencies Shape and width of spectral lines

2) Radiation (7 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5)

Atomic radiation Spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation Optical laser excitation Population inversion Two- and Three-level lasing

3) Types of Laser (7 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4)

Gas lasers Solid state laser Semiconductor laser Ruby and tunable dye laser

4) Dynamics of Laser Process (9 hrs) 4.1) 4.2) 4.3) 4.4) 4.5)

Laser rate equation Pulsed lasers Mode locking Giant pulse dynamics Light amplifiers

5) Applications of Laser (10 hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5) 5.6)

Holography Parametric harmonic generation Second harmonic generation Four-wave mixing Spectroscopic consideration Phase matching

Method of Teaching Lecture, discussion, homework, tutorial and project. Online learning resources are also employed.

Page 142 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Introduction to Laser Physics (Phys 471)

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 20% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • quizzes and Tests (25%), • All in all the continuous assessment covers 50 % • Final Semester Examination (50%)

Recommended References Course Textbook Peter W. Milonni and Joseph H. Eberli, Laser Physics, John Wiley and Son Inc. (2009). 1. Murray III Sargent, Marlan O. Scully and Willis E. Lamb, Laser Physics, West View Press, (1978). 2. O. Svelto and D C Hanna, Principles of Lasers 3. F. A. Jenkins and H. A. White, Fundamentals of Optics, McGraw Hill, 4th ed., (2001).

Page 143 of 176

Nuclear Physics II (Phys 482)

Course Title and Code:

Nuclear Physics II (Phys 482)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 382

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale Nuclear physics is an important area of application of the ideas of quantum physics, with applications that have significant impact globally. High-energy particle physics discovers and tests the laws of physics at the extreme limits accessible to human experiments. This course will provide a sound understanding of the physical principles underlying these areas.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • explain the basic concepts nuclear decay; • apply theories to explain processes and phenomena; • solve problems; • apply relevant conservation laws to describe processes and phenomea; • identify elementary particle; • solve problems on topics included in the syllabus. • manage their own learning and make appropriate use of support material.

Course Description Nuclear Decay: Alpha decay, Transmission coefficient for barrier transmissions, Gamow’s theory of alpha decay. Beta decay, Fermi theory of beta decay, Kuri plots and applications, ft-values and selections rules, Parity and non-conservation of parity in beta decay, Wu’s experiment, Gamma decay transition probabilities and selection rules. Nuclear Reactions: Q-equation of nuclear reaction, cross-section, partial wave analysis of nuclear reactions cross section, compound nucleus theory and its verification (Ghoshal’s experiment), decay of compound nucleus, statistical theory of nuclear reactions, resonances and one level Breit-Wigner formula. Direction reactions and their explanations. 144

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Nuclear Physics II (Phys 482)

Course Outline 1) Nuclear Decay (12 hrs) 1.1) Alpha decay 1.1.1) Transmission coefficient for barrier transmissions 1.1.2) Gamow’s theory of alpha decay 1.2) Beta decay 1.1.1) 1.1.2) 1.1.3) 1.1.4) 1.1.5)

Fermi theory of beta decay Kuri plots and applications ft-values and selections rules Parity and non-conservation of parity in beta decay Wu’s experiment

1.3) Gamma decay transition probabilities and selection rules 2) Nuclear Reactions (15 hrs) 2.2.1) 2.2.2) 2.2.3) 2.2.4) 2.2.5) 2.2.6) 2.2.7)

Q-equation of nuclear reaction cross-section partial wave analysis of nuclear reactions cross section compound nucleus theory and its verification (Ghoshal’s experiment) decay of compound nucleus statistical theory of nuclear reactions resonances and one level Breit-Wigner formula

3) Direction reactions and their explanations. (6 hrs) 4) Particle physics: (12 hrs) 4.4.1) 4.4.2) 4.4.3) 4.4.4) 4.4.5) 4.4.6)

Conservation laws elementary particles classification of elementary particles strangeness and associated production Resonances Quarks and quark constituents of hadrons

Method of Teaching Presentation of the course is through lecture, a related guided problems section with demonstrator assistance and additional assessed coursework. Online learning resources.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 15% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • Written reports on laboratory experiments (30%), . • Semester final examination (50%)

Page 145 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Nuclear Physics II (Phys 482)

Recommended References Krane K.S., Introductory Nuclear Physics, Wiley, (1987).

References 1. W.E. Burcham & M. Jobes, Nuclear and Particle Physics, Addison-Wesley, Thomson Press (India) Ltd., (1995). 2. Williams W.S.C., Nuclear and Particle Physics, Clarendon, (1991). 3. Cottingham W.M. and Greenwood D.A., An Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics, Cambridge University Press, (1998). 4. Halzen F. and Martin A.D., Quarks and Leptons: An Introductory Course in Modern Particle Physics, John Wiley, (1984). 5. Lilley J., Nuclear Physics: Principles and Applications, John Wiley, (2001). 6. http://www.nap.edu/catalog/ Elementary Particle Physics: Revisiting the Secrets of Energy and Matter, (1998). 7. R.D. Evans, The Atomic Nucleus, McGraw Hill, (1955).

Page 146 of 176

Radiation Physics (Phys 484) Course Title and Code:

Radiation Physics (Phys 484)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Phys 382

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Room No. —–

Class Hours:

Course Rationale Radiation physics is an important area of application nuclear physics with applications that have significant impact in medicent, agriculture and industry. This course will provide a sound understanding of the physical principles underlying in radiation sources, interaction mechanisms with matter and detection.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • explain the sources of nuclear radiation; • describe the radiation field qualitatively and quantitatively; • identify major interaction of ionizing radiation with matter; • identify detectors and principles of their operation; • state the relevant interaction mechanisms and use them in analysing detection; • select appropriate methods to detect radiation; • study successfully within the system of an overseas university. • solve problems on topics included in the syllabus. • manage their own learning and make appropriate use of support material.

Course Description Types of nuclear radiations, Interaction of heavy charged particles with matter, Interaction of gamma radiation with matter, Interaction of neutron with matter as a bulk; slowing down of neutrons. Detection of charged particles using gas filled detectors, gamma ray detectors using scintillation spectrometers, solid state detectors, detection of neutrons. Radiation Dosimetry; radiation units and tolerance dose, radiation damage, shielding, shielding, techniques of personal monitoring and radiation surveying. Chemical and biological effects of radiations. Sources of radiations, Beta, gamma and neutron sources. Applications of radioisotopes in research and industry. 147

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Radiation Physics (Phys 484)

Course Outline 1) Types of Nuclear Radiations (3 hrs) 1.1) Course Introduction/Radiation History/ Fundamentals of the Atom. 1.2) Natural and Manmade sources of Radiation. 1.3) Description of the Radiation field. 2) Interaction of Radiation With Matter (12 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5)

The concept of cross section. Interaction of charged particles with matter Interaction of gamma radiation with matter Interaction of neutron with matter as a bulk Slowing down of neutrons

3) Detection and Measurement of Radiation (12 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5)

Gas filled Detectors Scintillation Detectors Solid State Detectors Detection of Neutrons Background Radiation

4) Radiation Dosimetry(12 hrs) 4.1) Radiation Quantities and Units 4.2) Absorbed Dose 4.3) Biological Effects/Cell Survival Curves (High Doses & Low Doses Risk Perception /Class Discussion ) 4.4) Radiation Damage 4.5) Shielding 4.6) Techniques of Personal Monitoring and Radiation surveying 4.7) Chemical and Biological Effects of Radiation. 4.8) Sources of Radiations 5) Applications of Radioisotopes (6 hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5) 5.6) 5.7) 5.8) 5.9)

Radioactive Dating Applications in Agriculture Hormesis Body Composition Medical Imaging Radiation Therapy Industrial Applications Applications in Research Charged Particle Tracks

Method of Teaching Presentation of the course is through lecture, a related guided problems section with demonstrator assistance and additional assessed coursework. Online learning resources.

Page 148 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Radiation Physics (Phys 484)

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 15% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • Two Tests (40%), . • Mid-semester and Semester final tests (40%)

Recommended References Course Textbook G.F. Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurement, John Wiley and Sons, 3rd ed., (1999).

References 1. Lapp R.E and Andrews A.L , Nuclear Radiation Physics, IV Ed. , Prentice- Hall, NJ.(1972) 2. W.E. Burcham & M. Jobes, Nuclear and Particle Physics,Addison-Wesley, Thomson Press (India) Ltd., (1995). 3. Knop, G. and Paul, W. , α-, β- and γ-Ray Spectroscopy,North-Holland Publishing Company, (1968). 4. E.B. Podgarsak, Radiation Physics for Medical Physicists, Springer, (2005). 5. F.M. Khan, The Physics of Radiation Therapy, L. Williams and Wilkins 4th ed., (2009). 6. Attix F.H. Radiation Dosimetry, Academic Press, (1966), Newyork. 7. dag Brune, Ragnar Hellborg, Bertil RR., Radiation at Home, outdoors, and in the workplace, Scandinevian Publishers, (2001). 8. Cember H., Introduction to Health Physics, Pergamon Press, (1989).

9.3

P HYSICS S ERVICE C OURSES

Page 149 of 176

Mechanics and Heat for Chemists (Phys 205)

Course Title and Code:

Mechanics and Heat for Chemists (Phys 205)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (2 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Chemistry, Earthscience

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale At the end of this course students are expected to be acquainted with basic concepts in mechanics, identify the connection between them and explain the common phenomena. They will also develop skills of solving problems.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • compute average and instantaneous values of velocity, speed and acceleration • derive the kinematic equations for uniformly accelerated one-dimensional motion • solve problems involving bodies moving in one-dimensional and two-dimensional motion using the concepts in calculus and trigonometry • explain some implications of Newton’s laws of motion • derive the work-energy theorem • solve mechanics problem using impulse, momentum and the conservation of linear momentum • apply the law of conservation of linear momentum to collisions • repeat the procedures followed in rectilinear motion for rotational motion • explain basic laws of heat and thermodynamics

Course Description Vector algebra, Particle Kinematics and Dynamics, Work and Energy, Conservative forces and Potential Energy Dynamics of Systems of Particles, Collision, Rotational Kinematics, Dynamics and Static of a Rigid Body, Oscillations, Gravitation and Planetary Motion, Fluid Mechanics, Heat.

150

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Mechanics and Heat for Chemists (Phys 205)

Course Outline 1) VECTORS (2 hrs) 1.1) Vector algebra 1.2) Geometrical & algebraic representation of vectors 1.3) Vector calculus 2) ONE & TWO DIMENSIONAL MOTIONS (5 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5)

Average and instantaneous Velocity Average and instantaneous Acceleration Motion with Constant Acceleration Projectile Motion Uniform Circular Motion

3) Particle Dynamics (5 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4)

Newton’s Laws of Motion Friction Force Application of Newton’s Laws velocity dependent forces

4) WORK & ENERGY (7 hrs) 4.1) Work done by constant and variable forces 4.2) the work energy theorem 4.3) Conservative and non-conservative forces, conservative force and potential energy, 4.4) Conservation of mechanical energy 4.5) Power 5) Dynamics of System of Particles (8 hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5) 5.6) 5.7) 5.8) 5.9) 5.10) 5.11)

Linear Momentum and Impulse Conservation of Momentum system of particles Center of mass Center of mass of a rigid body Motion of system of particles Elastic and Inelastic Collision (1 & 2-D) Elastic collisions in one-dimension Two-dimensional elastic collisions Inelastic collisions Systems of variable mass

6) Rotation of Rigid Bodies (7 hrs) 6.1) 6.2) 6.3) 6.4) 6.5) 6.6) 6.7) 6.8)

Rotational motion with constant and variable angular accelerations Rotational kinetic energy Moment of inertia Rotational dynamics Torque and angular momentum Work and Power in Rotational Motion Conservation of Angular Momentum Relation between linear and angular motions

7) SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (3 hrs) Page 151 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

7.1) 7.2) 7.3) 7.4) 7.5)

Mechanics and Heat for Chemists (Phys 205)

Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion Equations of Simple Harmonic Motion Pendulum Damped and forced oscillations Resonance

8) Heat and Thermodynamics (8 hrs) 8.1) 8.2) 8.3) 8.4) 8.5)

Temperature, Zeroth law of thermodynamics, Heat, work, and Internal energy of a thermodynamic system, the first law of thermodynamics, and its consequences The second law of thermodynamics, Carnot’s engine Entropy, the third law of thermodynamics, Kinetic theory of gases

Method of Teaching Presentation of the course is through lecture, a related guided problems section with demonstrator assistance and additional assessed coursework. Online learning resources.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 15% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • Two Tests (40%), . • Mid-semester and Semester final tests (40%)

Recommended References Course Textbook Raymond A. Serway, Physics: For Scientists & Engineers, 6th ed., Thomson Bruke, 2004

References 1. Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedmann, University Physics with Modern Physics 12th ed., 2008 2. Douglas C. Giancoli, Physics for scientists and engineers, Printice Hall, 4th , 2005 3. Robert Resnick and David Halliday, Fundamentals of Physics Extended, HRW 8t h ed., 2008 4. Paul M. Fishbane, Stephene Gasiorowicz, Stephen T. Thoronton, Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 3rd ed., 2005

Page 152 of 176

Electricity and Magnetism (Phys 206)

Course Title and Code:

Electricity and Magnetism (Phys 206)

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs) + Tutor: (2 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Chemistry, Earth Science

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale This course is designed to introduce concepts of classical electrodynamics with the aid of calculus. It also emphasizes on establishing a strong foundation of the relation between electric and magnetic phenomena; a concept that turns out to be a fundamental basis for many technological advances.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • explain the basic concepts of electric charge, electric field and electric potential • apply vector algebra and calculus in solving different problems in electricity and magnetism • analyze direct and alternating current circuits containing different electric elements and solve circuit problems • describe properties of capacitors and dielectrics • describe the magnetic field and solve problems related to the magnetic field and magnetic forces. • discuss about electromagnetic induction • state Maxwell’s equation in free space • describe some applications of Maxwell’s equations • describe electromagnetic radiation in medium and free space.

153

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Electricity and Magnetism (Phys 206)

Course Description The topics to be included are Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field, Gauss’ Law, Electric Potential, Electric Potential Energy, Capacitors and Dielectric, Electric Circuits, Magnetic Field, Bio-Savart’s Law, Ampere’s Law, Electromagnetic Induction, Inductance, Circuits with Time Dependent Currents, Maxwell’s Equations, Electromagnetic Wave.

Course Outline 1) Electric Field (4 hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4) 1.5) 1.6) 1.7)

Properties of electric charges Coulomb’s law Electric field due to point charge Electric dipole Electric field due to continuous charge distribution Motion of charged particles in electric field Gauss’ Law

2) Electric Potential (3 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5)

Electric potential energy Electric potential due to point charges Electric potential due to continuous charge distribution Relations between potential and electric field Equi-potential surfaces

3) Capacitance and Dielectrics (3 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5)

Capacitance Combination of capacitors Capacitors with dielectrics Electric dipole in an external field Electric field energy

4) Direct Current Circuits (3 hrs) 4.1) 4.2) 4.3) 4.4) 4.5) 4.6) 4.7) 4.8)

Electric current and current density Resistance and Ohm’s law Resistivity of conductors Electrical energy, work and power Electromotive force Combinations of Resistors Kirchhoff’s Rules RC Circuits

5) Magnetic Force (2 hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5)

Properties of magnetic field Magnetic force on a current carrying conductor Torque on a current loop in uniform magnetic field Motion of charged particles in magnetic field Hall Effect

6) Calculation of Magnetic Field (4 hrs) Page 154 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

6.1) 6.2) 6.3) 6.4)

Electricity and Magnetism (Phys 206)

Source of electric field Biot-Savart’s law The force between two parallel conductors Ampere’s Law and its application

7) Electromagnetic Induction (7 hrs) 7.1) 7.2) 7.3) 7.4) 7.5) 7.6) 7.7)

Magnetic flux Gauss’s Law in Magnetism Faraday’s Law of Induction Lenz’z law Induced Emf (including motional Emf) Induced electric field Displacement current

8) Inductance (4 hrs) 8.1) 8.2) 8.3) 8.4)

Self inductance and mutual inductance RL circuits Energy in Magnetic field Oscillations in an LC circuits

9) AC Circuits (5 hrs) 9.1) 9.2) 9.3) 9.4) 9.5) 9.6)

AC sources and phasors Resistors in an AC circuits Inductors in an AC circuits Capacitors in an AC circuits The RLC series circuits Power in an AC circuits

10) Maxwell’s Equations (4 hrs) 10.1) Maxwell’s equations 10.2) Electromagnetic waves 11) Nature of Light ( 6 hrs) 11.1) Electromagnetic spectrum 11.2) Propagation and speed of light 11.3) Reflection and refraction 11.4) Refractive index and optical path 11.5) Reversibility principle 11.6) Fermat’s principle 11.7) Propagation of light in material medium

Method of Teaching Discussions, problem-solving and lecture methods are dominantly used through out the course. Students are expected and encouraged to set, solve and present problems relevant to the lessons.

Page 155 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Electricity and Magnetism (Phys 206)

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 15% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • Two Tests (40%), . • Mid-semester and Semester final tests (40%)

Recommended References Course Textbook Raymond A. Serway, PHYSICS For Scientists & Engineers

References 1. Douglas C. Giancoli, Physics for scientists and engineers 2. Robert Resnick and David Halliday, Fundamentals of Physics

Page 156 of 176

Mechanics and Heat (Phys 207)

Course Title and Code:

Mechanics and Heat (Phys 207)

Credits

4 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (4 hrs) + Tutor: (2 hrs) + Lab: (

Prerequisite(s):

hrs)

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Maths

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale At the end of this course students are expected to be acquainted with basic concepts in mechanics, identify the connection between them and explain the common phenomena. They will also develop skills of solving problems.

Course Description Vector algebra, Particle Kinematics and Dynamics, Work and Energy, Conservative forces and Potential Energy Dynamics of Systems of Particles, Collision, Rotational Kinematics, Dynamics and Static of a Rigid Body, Oscillations, Gravitation and Planetary Motion, Heat, Kinetic Theory of Gases, Thermodynamics.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • compute average and instantaneous values of velocity, speed and acceleration • derive the kinematic equations for uniformly accelerated one-dimensional motion • solve problems involving bodies moving in one-dimensional and two-dimensional motion using the concepts in calculus and trigonometry • explain some implications of Newton’s laws of motion • derive the work-energy theorem • solve mechanics problem using impulse, momentum and the conservation of linear momentum • apply the law of conservation of linear momentum to collisions • repeat the procedures followed in rectilinear motion for rotational motion • explain basic laws of heat and thermodynamics

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Mechanics and Heat (Phys 207)

Course Outline 1) Vectors (2 hr.) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4)

Vector algebra Geometrical and algebraic representation of vectors Vector addition Vector multiplication

2) One and Two Dimensional Motions (4 hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5)

Average and instantaneous Velocity Average and instantaneous Acceleration Motion with Constant Acceleration Projectile Motion Uniform Circular Motion

3) Particle Dynamics (6 hrs.) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4)

Newton’s Laws of Motion Friction Force Application of Newton’s Laws velocity dependent forces

4) Work and Energy (7 hrs.) 4.1) Work done by constant and variable forces 4.2) the work energy theorem 4.3) Conservative and non-conservative forces, conservative force and potential energy, 4.4) Conservation of mechanical energy 4.5) Power 5) Dynamics of System of Particles (8 hrs.) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5) 5.6) 5.7) 5.8) 5.9) 5.10) 5.11)

Linear Momentum and Impulse Conservation of Momentum system of particles Center of mass Center of mass of a rigid body Motion of system of particles Elastic and Inelastic Collision (1 & 2-D) Elastic collisions in one-dimension Two-dimensional elastic collisions Inelastic collisions Systems of variable mass

6) Rotation of Rigid Bodies (7 hrs) 6.1) 6.2) 6.3) 6.4) 6.5) 6.6) 6.7) 6.8)

Rotational motion with constant and variable angular accelerations Rotational kinetic energy Moment of inertia Rotational dynamics Torque and angular momentum Work and Power in Rotational Motion Conservation of Angular Momentum Relation between linear and angular motions

7) Simple Harmonic Motion (4 hrs) Page 158 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

7.1) 7.2) 7.3) 7.4) 7.5)

Mechanics and Heat (Phys 207)

Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion Equations of Simple Harmonic Motion Pendulum Damped and forced oscillations Resonance

8) Temperature and Thermometry (2 hrs) 8.1) Temperature Scale 8.2) Thermometry, The fixed Points 8.3) Thermocouple 9) Heat and Energy (4 hrs) 9.1) 9.2) 9.3) 9.4)

Heat Energy Heat Capacity and Specific Heat Capacity Specific Latent Heat Heat Loses

10) Gas Laws and Basic Laws of Thermodynamics (6 hrs) 10.1) 10.2) 10.3) 10.4) 10.5)

The Gas laws Internal Energy The First Law of Thermodynamics Isothermal and Adiabatic Changes Work done By Gas

11) Kinetic Theory of Gasses (6 hrs) 11.1) 11.2) 11.3) 11.4) 11.5)

Ideal Gas Temperature and kinetic theory Boltzmann’s Constant Graham’s law of Diffusion Maxwell’s Distribution of Molecular Speeds.

12) The Second Law of Thermodynamics (4 hrs) 12.1) 12.2) 12.3) 12.4) 12.5)

Heat Engines and Thermodynamic Efficiency The Carnot Cycle The Second Low of Thermodynamics The Kelvin Temperature Scale Entropy

Method of Teaching Presentation of the course is through lecture, a related guided problems section with demonstrator assistance and additional assessed coursework. Online learning resources.

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 15% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • Two Tests (40%), . • Mid-semester and Semester final tests (40%) Page 159 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Mechanics and Heat (Phys 207)

Assessment • Homework will consist of selected end of chapter problems: 15% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • Two Tests (40%), . • Mid-semester and Semester final tests (40%)

Recommended References Course Textbook Raymond A. Serway, Physics: For Scientists & Engineers, 6th ed., Thomson Bruke, 2004

References 1. Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedmann, University Physics with Modern Physics 12th ed., 2008 2. Douglas C. Giancoli, Physics for scientists and engineers, Printice Hall, 4th , 2005 3. Robert Resnick and David Halliday, Fundamentals of Physics Extended, HRW 8t h ed., 2008 4. Paul M. Fishbane, Stephene Gasiorowicz, Stephen T. Thoronton, Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 3rd ed., 2005

9.4

Supportive Courses

Page 160 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Introduction to Computer Applications (Comp 201 )

Introduction to Computer Applications (Comp 201 )

Course Title and Code:

Introduction to Computer Applications (Comp 201 )

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (1 hrs) + Lab: (3 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale Computer is now affecting every sphere of human activity. It is instrumental in bringing revolutionary changes in industry, scientific research and education. This is not only the demand of time but also the demand of almost each and every subject to have an associated computer learning to equip a student with state-of-art technology to prove himself/herself a better candidate than those without computer knowledge. This course is designed keeping in view the need and demand of computer industry. This course introduces students to basic computer concepts and prepares them to succeed in both college and the business world by enabling them to write reports, analyze and chart data, and prepare presentations.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • Have comfort with their ability to use the popular end-user computer software of word processing, spreadsheet, presentations, data base and internet email and world wide web access. • Acquire and apply computer related knowledge that is required. • Analyze a problems and then select the appropriate features of the software required to solve the problem • Use the basic features of Windows Operating System and Computer Application software. • Describe a typical computer system and its critical components. • Use Internet search engines and understand their advantages and disadvantages. • Discriminate between ethical and unethical uses of computers and information. • Demonstrate an awareness of computer viruses and a basic understanding of ways to protect a computer from viruses. • Demonstrate a basic understanding of the impact of computers on society. Page 161 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Introduction to Computer Applications (Comp 201 )

Course Description The impact of computers on society, the information processing cycle, and ethical issues are presented. Students experience hands-on instructions in word processing, spreadsheets, the Internet, databases, prepare elementary documents and reports using latex and professional presentations.

Course Outline 1) Computer System Fundamentals (2 hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4)

Impact of Computers on Society Operating systems and Graphical User Interface Ethical Issues Security, Privacy and Protection

2) Computer Hardware and Terminology (3 hrs) 2.1) Input and Output Hardware 2.2) Processing and Storage Hardware 2.3) Communications and Networking 3) Computer Arithmetic (2 hrs) 3.1) Number systems 3.2) Base conversion 3.3) Binary arithmetic (Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) 4) Introduction to Operating Systems (OS)(3 hrs) 4.1) Overview (Linux, windows) 4.2) Starting OS (Windows) 4.3) Login process, file management systems 4.4) Latex text editor 5) Office applications (5 hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5)

Word processor (MS word) Database: MS Access Spreadsheets: MS Excel Presentations: Power point Internet/Email, FTP,Telnet, searching (Internet Explorer browser)

Method of Teaching Lecture, hands on exercise, assignments, presentations, Online learning resources.

Assessment • • • •

Attendance and class activity: 10% Reports, Assignments, presentations 35% One mid exam (20%), . Semester final exam (35%)

Page 162 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Introduction to Computer Applications (Comp 201 )

Recommended References 1. Peter Nortons, Introduction to Computer, 6th ed., McGraw Hill, (2005). 2. Shelly Microsoft Office 2007: Introductory Concepts Cashman Vermaat Softwere: Microsoft Word Office Professional 2007 (Word, Excel, Access, Winedit and PowerPoint)

Page 163 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Introduction to Programming (Comp 271 )

Introduction to Programming (Comp 271 )

Course Title and Code:

Introduction to Programming (Comp 271 )

Credits

4 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (2 hrs) + Lab: (4 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Comp 201

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale Physics can be studied using experimental and theoretical techniques. But there are numerous physics problems that cannot be solved using the two techniques. The third technique is therefore to use computer programming languages. Hence this course is introduced to help students to solve practical problems using computers. The aim of the course in to provide sufficient knowledge of programming and Fortran 90 to write straightforward programs. The course is designed for those with little or no previous programming experience and need to be able to work in Linux or Unix and use linux or Unix text editor

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • Introduced the concepts of computers, algorithms, programming and Fortran programming language to non-majors. • Able to read programs written in FORTRAN • Able to identify a problem that requires a programmed solution. • Use numerical techniques to solve physical problems.

Course Description This course provides an introduction to the Fortran 90 programming language. It should provide students with enough knowledge to write straight forward Fortran programs and students should also gain some general experience which can usefully be applied when using any programming language. The course is constructed from five parts: 1) Getting started: programming basics, flowcharts 2) Input and output and using intrinsic functions, 3) Arrays: vectors and matrices, 4) Program control: do loops and if statements, 5) Subprograms: functions and subroutines.

Page 164 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Introduction to Programming (Comp 271 )

Course Outline 1) Introduction (1 hrs) 2) Programming basics (2 hrs) 2.1) Main parts of a Fortran 90 program 2.2) Layout of Fortran 90 statements 3) Data types (3 hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5) 3.6) 3.7) 3.8)

Constants Integers Reals Double precision Character Logical Complex Variables

4) How to write, process and run a program(4 hrs) 4.1) Writing the program 4.2) Compilation and linking 4.3) Running the program 4.4) Removing old files 5) Hierarchy of operations in Fortran (1 hrs) 6) About input and output (1 hrs) 6.1) Redirection of input/output 6.2) Formatting input/output 6.3) E- format and D format 7) More intrinsic functions (1 hrs) 8) Arrays (5 hrs) 8.1) 8.2) 8.3) 8.4) 8.5) 8.6) 8.7)

Whole array elemental operations Whole array operations Working with subsections of arrays Selecting individual array elements Selecting array sections Using masks Allocatable arrays

9) Parameters and initial values (2 hrs) 10) Program control: Do loops and if statements (6 hrs) 10.1) 10.2) 10.3) 10.4) 10.5) 10.6) 10.7) 10.8) 10.9)

DO END DO loops If statements Case statements Controlling DO loops with logical expressions Conditional exit loops Conditional cycle loops DO while loops Named DO loops and if statements Implied DO loops Page 165 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Introduction to Programming (Comp 271 )

11) Subprograms (4 hrs) 11.1) 11.2) 11.3) 11.4)

Functions Subroutines Storing subprograms in separate files Using subroutine libraries

Method of Teaching Lecture, practicals, assignments, group work, problem solving, class work, mini project Online learning resources. This course needs 2 hrs practical work in the computer laboratory for exercising

Assessment • Project/Reports, Assignments and class work: 25% • In-class participation (asking questions, discussing homework, answering questions): 5% • One Test (20%), . • Mid-semester 20% • Semester final exam (30%)

Recommended References 1. Nyhoff, Larry, Introduction to FORTRAN 90 for Engineers and Scientists. 2. Stephen J Chapman, Introduction to Fortran 90/95 3. Walter S. Brainerd, Charles H. Goldberg and Jeanne C. Adams, Programmer’s Guide to Fortran 90, Third Edition, 4. T. M. R. Ellis, Fortran 77 Programming, Second Edition. Why Fortran? FORTRAN is one of the principal languages used in scientific, numerical and engineering programming and knowledge in FORTRAN is an indispensible qualification for students, researchers, and engineers. With the two recent revisions of the language, the power of the language has been progressively enhanced, and most vendors (IBM, HP, SGI, Intel, Sun, Cray) provide highly optimizing FORTRAN compilers, based on more than 50 years of experience. However, depending on the availability of resources, Universities can use other programs.

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Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Calculus I (Math 261)

Calculus I (Math 261)

Course Title and Code:

Calculus I (Math 261)

Credits

4 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (4 hrs) + Tutor: (2 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale The main theme of this course is to introduce the fundamental result in power series and technique of integration that are needed for the advanced studies in mathematics.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • Understand the formal definition of limit and continuity, • Evaluate limits of functions, • Determine points of discontinuity of functions, • Apply Intermediate Value Theorem, • Evaluate derivatives of different types of functions, • Apply derivatives to solve problems, • Evaluate integrals of different types of functions, • Apply integrals to find areas and volumes.

Course Description This course provides a firm foundation in the basic concepts and techniques of the differential and integral calculus.

Course Outline 1) Limits and continuity ( hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4) 1.5)

Definition of limit Basic limit theorems One-sided limits Infinite limits and limits at infinity Continuity Page 167 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Calculus I (Math 261)

1.6) The Intermediate Value Theorem and its applications 2) Derivatives ( hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4)

Definition of derivative Tangent and normal lines Properties of derivatives Derivative of Functions (polynomial, rational, trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic functions) 2.5) The Chain Rule 2.6) Higher order derivatives 2.7) Implicit differentiation

3) Applications of derivatives ( hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5) 3.6) 3.7) 3.8)

Extreme Values of functions Rolle’s Theorem, the Mean Value Theorem, and their application Monotonic functions The first and second derivative tests Applications to extreme values and related rates Concavity and inflection points Graphing sketching Tangent line approximation and differentials

4) Integrals( hrs) 4.1) Antiderivatives 4.2) Indefinite integrals and their properties 4.3) Partitions, upper and lower sum, Riemann sums 4.4) Definition and properties of the definite integral 4.5) The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 4.6) Techniques of integration (integration by parts, integration by substitution, trigonometric integration, integration by partial fractions) 4.7) Application of integration: Area, volume of solid of revolution

Method of Teaching Four contact hours of lectures and two contact hours of tutorials per week. The students do graded home assignments individually or in small groups.

Assessment • Assignment and quizzes 20 • Mid Exam 30 • Final Exam 50

Recommended References Course Textbook Robert Ellis, Denny Gulick, Calculus with Analytic, 6th edition Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, publishers.

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Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Calculus I (Math 261)

References 1. Leithold. The Calculus with Analytic Geometry, 3rd Edition, Harper and Row, publishers. 2. Lynne, Garner. Calculus and Analytic Geometry. Dellen Publishing Company. 3. John A. Tierney: Calculus and Analytic Geometry, 4th edition, Allyn and Bacon, Inc. Boston. 4. Earl W. Swokowski. Calculus with Analytic Geometry, 2nd edition, Prindle, Weber and Schmidt.

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Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Calculus II (Math 262 )

Calculus II (Math 262 )

Course Title and Code:

Calculus II (Math 262 )

Credits

4 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (4 hrs) + Tutor: (2 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Math 261

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale The main theme of this course is to introduce the fundamental result in power series and technique of integration that are needed for the advanced studies in mathematics.

Course Description This course covers inverse functions; techniques of integration and focusing on trigonometric substitution and partial fractions; Trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s rule; arc length; indeterminate forms; sequences and series; power series.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • Find derivatives of inverse functions, • Evaluate integrals of different types of functions, • Evaluate limits by L’ Hopital’s Rule, • Approximate functions by Taylor’s polynomial, • Determine convergence or divergence of a series, • Find interval of convergence of a power series and find its sum in the interval, • Approximate a function by using its power series, • Apply integrals (arc length, surface area), • Approximate integrals, • Find the Taylor’s series expansion of a function

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Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Calculus II (Math 262 )

Course Outline 1) Inverse functions ( hrs) 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4) 1.5) 1.6)

Properties of inverse functions Derivative of inverse functions Inverses of trigonometric functions and their derivatives Exponential and logarithmic functions Exponential growth and decay Inverse of Hyperbolic functions and their derivatives

2) Techniques of integration ( hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5) 2.6) 2.7)

Elementary integration formulas Integration by parts Integration by trigonometric substitution Integration by partial fractions Trigonometric integrals Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule Application of integration (area, volume, arc length, surface area)

3) Indeterminate forms, improper integrals and Taylor’s formula ( hrs) 3.1) 3.2) 3.3) 3.4) 3.5)

Cauchy’s formula Indeterminate forms (L’ Hopital’s Rule) Improper integrals Taylor’s formula Approximation by Taylor’s polynomial

4) Sequence and series( hrs) 4.1) Sequences 4.1.1) Convergence and divergence of sequences 4.1.2) Properties of convergent sequences 4.1.3) Bounded and monotonic sequences 4.2) Infinite series 4.2.1) 4.2.2) 4.2.3) 4.2.4)

Definition of infinite series Convergence and divergence of series Properties of convergent series Convergence tests for positive series (integral, comparison, ratio and root tests) 4.2.5) Alternating series 4.2.6) Absolute convergence, conditional convergence 4.2.7) Generalized convergent tests 4.3) Power series 4.3.1) 4.3.2) 4.3.3) 4.3.4) 4.3.5) 4.3.6)

Definition of power series Convergence and divergence, radius and interval of convergence Algebraic operation on convergent power series Differentiation and integration of a power series Taylor and Maclaurin series Binomial Theorem

Method of Teaching Four contact hours of lectures and two contact hours of tutorials. The students do home assignments individually or in small groups. Page 171 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Calculus II (Math 262 )

Assessment • Assignment and quizzes 20 • Mid Exam 30 • Final Exam 50

Recommended References Course Textbook Robert Ellis, Denny Gulick, Calculus with Analytic, 6th edition Harcourt Brace Jovanovich publishers.

References 1. Leithold, The Calculus with Analytic Geometry, 3rd Edition, Harper and Row, publishers. 2. Lynne, Garner. Calculus and Analytic Geometry. Dellen Publishing Company. 3. John A. Tierney: Calculus and Analytic Geometry, 4th edition, Allyn and Bacon, Inc. Boston. 4. - Earl W. Swokowski. Calculus with Analytic Geometry, 2nd edition, Prindle, Weber and Schmidt.

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Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Linear Algebra (Math 325 )

Linear Algebra (Math 325 )

Course Title and Code:

Linear Algebra (Math 325 )

Credits

3 Cr.hrs ≡ Lecture: (3 hrs)

Prerequisite(s):

Co-requisite(s):

Academic Year:

20

Semester:

I  / II 

Students’ Faculty:

Science

Department:

Physics

Program:

Undergraduate

Enrollment:

Regular

/

Instructor’s Name Address:

Block No.

Rm. No.

Class Hours:

Course Rationale The main objective of this course is to lay down a foundation for advanced studies in linear algebra and related courses.

Course Description This course covers vectors; lines and planes; vector spaces; matrices; system of linear equations; determinants; eigen values and eigenvectors; linear transformations.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this course students should be able to: • Understand the basic ideas of vector algebra, • Understand the concept of vector space over a field, • Understand the basic theory of matrix and its application, • Determine the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a square matrix, • Grasp Gram-Schmidt process, • Find an orthogonal basis for a vector space, • Invert orthogonal matrix, • Understand the notion of a linear transformation, • Find the linear transformation with respect to two bases, • Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of an operator.

Course Outline 1) Vectors (1 hrs) 1.1) Definition of points in n-space 1.2) Vectors in n-space; geometric interpretation in 2-and3-spaces

Page 173 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Linear Algebra (Math 325 )

1.3) Scalar product and the norm of a vector, orthogonal projection, direction cosines 1.4) The vector product 1.5) Applications on area and volume 1.6) Lines and planes 2) Vector Spaces ( hrs) 2.1) 2.2) 2.3) 2.4) 2.5) 2.6)

The axioms of a vector space Examples of different models of a vector space Subspaces, linear combinations and generators Linear dependence and independence of vectors Bases and dimension of a vector space Direct sum and direct product of subspaces

3) Matrices ( hrs) 3.1) Definition of a matrix 3.2) Algebra pg matrices 3.3) Types of matrices: square, identity, scalar, diagonal, triangular, symmetric, and skew symmetric matrices 3.4) Elementary row and column operations 3.5) Row reduced echelon form of a matrix 3.6) Rank of a matrix elementary row/column operation 3.7) System of linear equations 4) Determinant( hrs) 4.1) Definition of a determinant 4.2) Properties of determent 4.3) Adjoint and inverse of a matrix 4.4) Cramer’s rule for solving system of linear equations (homogenous and non homogenous) 4.5) The rank of matrix by subdeterminants 4.6) Determinant and volume 4.7) Eigenvalue and eigenvector of a matrix 4.8) Diagonalization of a symmetric matrix 5) Linear Transformations ( hrs) 5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 5.4) 5.5) 5.6)

Linear transformations and examples The rank and nullity of a definition of linear transformation and example Algebra of linear transformations Matrix representation of a linear transformation Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a linear transformation Eigenspace of a linear transformation

Method of Teaching Three contact hours of lectures and two hours tutorials per week. Students do home assignments.

Page 174 of 176

Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Linear Algebra (Math 325 )

Assessment • Assignment/quizzes/ 20 • Mid term exam 30 • Final examination 50

Recommended References Course Textbook Demissu Gemeda, An Introduction to Linear Algebra

References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

9.5

Hoffman and Kunze: Linear Algebra Piage and swift: Linear Algebra Beaumont: Linear Algebra Halms: Finite Dimensional Vector space Nomizu: Fundamentals of Linear Algebra

General Education Courses

9.5.1 Communicative Skill English 9.5.2 Writing Skills English 9.5.3 Civics and Ethical Studies

10

Quality Assurance

Quality assurance (maintaining quality) at the respective Universities is an integral part of the Universities’ Strategic Planning processes. Departments also implement the quality assurance procedures.

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Curriculum for BSc Program in Physics

Linear Algebra (Math 325 )

Course Equivalence Physics Department of each University is required to set course equivalents for each of the current courses based on its previous curriculum. Course Title Mechanics Electromagnetism Wave and Optics Experimental Physics I Experimental Physics II Modern Physics Mathematical Methods of Physics I Mathematical Methods of Physics II Experimental Physics III Statistical Physics I Classical Mechanics I Quantum Mechanics I Electronics I Modern Optics Electrodynamics I Nuclear Physics I Introduction to Computational Physics Experimental Physics IV Statistical Physics II Classical Mechanics II Quantum Mechanics II Solid State Physics I Sustainable Sources of Energy Electrodynamics II Research Methods and Senior Project Metrology I Environmental Physics General Geophysics Introduction to Medical Physics Physics Teaching Metrology II Metrology III Stelar Physics I Stelar Physics II Introduction to Plasma Physics Astronomy I Astronomy II Space Physics Solid State Physics II Electronics II Physics of Electronic Devices Atmospheric Physics Exploration Geophysics Introduction to Laser Physics Nuclear Physics II Radiation Physics

New Course Code Phys 201 Phys 202 Phys 203 Phys 211 Phys 212 Phys 242 Phys 301 Phys 302 Phys 312 Phys 321 Phys 331 Phys 342 Phys 353 Phys 371 Phys 376 Phys 382 Phys 402 Phys 411 Phys 422 Phys 432 Phys 441 Phys 451 Phys 461 Phys 476 Phys 492 Phys 316 Phys 367 Phys 369 Phys 384 Phys 409 Phys 415 Phys 416 Phys 434 Phys 435 Phys 436 Phys 437 Phys 438 Phys 439 Phys 452 Phys 454 Phys 456 Phys 463 Phys 468 Phys 471 Phys 482 Phys 484

Old Course Code Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys — Phys —

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