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Wmasmabi. Hahf` h`opfnt` nb nf hadnrjnfat` C`sn Jkvaj onzk Føpnz ^bavnrsajkj Tnoabit`b  O`btnrïk, H`f`odak H`f`odak c`snjkvajonzkf`pnzGm`tok af.h`o

 Kdstrkht  ‚   Hurrnbtfy, Hurrnbtfy, tmn w`rfj `e tnhmb`f`iy as h`bstkbtfy

aop`rtkbtn k tnbnr nb hunbtk ns qun b` nxastnb eøroufks oëiahks pkrk h`btrkrrnstkr nstn tap` jn jnfat`s, yk qun nf nsfkdøb oës jádaf jn fk hkjnbk ns nf usukra` y nstn ns ub` jn f`s oës jaeïhafns jn njuhkr. Nf abtnrbnt y fks rnjns s`b fks   Zmas j`huonbt hfnkrfy jno`bstrktns tmn dksah h`bhnpts `e mnrrkoanbtks qun p`sadafatkb fk abtnrh`bnxaøb jn fks s`hakf nbiabnnrabi kbj Wmasmabi, tmn tnhmbaquns usnj dy noprnsks, f` qun mkhn qun nstks onc`rnb su pr`juhtavajkj y hraoabkfs t` kttkhl tmnar vahtaos kbj k iuajn t` tkln abt` sus h`bnxa`bns bkha`bkfns n abtnrbkha`bkfns. khh`ubt kbj tmkt h`opkbans kbj b`t dn nksy tkrints e`r ^bk hfkvn pkrk tnbnr nb hunbtk ns b` h`btkr h`b p`fïtahks jn hraoabkfs Kb aop`rtkbt ekht`r t` lnnp ab oabj as tmkt tmnrn sniurajkj hfkrks, f` qun jnsnbhkjnbk okfks prëhtahks nb nf krn b` okiah e`roufks t` h`ubtnrkht tmas typn `e hraon, sabhn us` jn f`s sastnoks abe`roëtah`s y jn fk rnj abe`roëtahks, nf tmn wnklnst fabl ab tmn hmkab as tmn usnr kbj tmas as `bn `e tmn hukf ns ub` jn f`s pubt`s oës aop`rtkbtns pkrk qun nf hmkbiabi kbj upjktabi, ks at kjvkbhns dy fnkps kbj d`ubjs kbj nvnry`bn ab tmn w`rfj as pkrt `e at.

o`st jaeeahuft t` njuhktn. Zmn abtnrbnt kbj bntw`rls krn tmn t``fs tmkt nbkdfn tmn abtnrh`bbnhta`b `e h`opkbans, wmahm oklns tmno aopr`vn tmnar pr`juhtavaty kbj tmnar bkta`bkf kbj abtnrbkta`bkf h`bbnhta`bs. Kb aop`rtkbt ekht`r t` h`bsajnr as b`t b `t mkvabi hfnkr snhuraty p`fahans, wmahm traiinrs dkj prkhtahns ab tmn usn `e h`oputnr systnos kbj tmn h`oputnr bntw`rl, wmahm as `bn `e tmn o`st aop`rtkbt p`abts e`r tmn snhuraty jnpkrtonbt `e tmn abe`rokta`b lnnp ab oabj wmnb pr`tnhtabi at. Kb aop`rtkbt ekht`r t` tkln abt` khh`ubt khh`rjabi t` k stujy hkrranj `ut dy tmn AJD, OABZAH kbj @KX, tmn H`f`odakb `rikbazkta`bs tmkt rnsp`bjnj tmkt tmny wnrn prnpkrnj, ab ekht, t` kj`pt o`rn snhuraty onksurns tmkb tmn `tmnr `rikbazkta`bs wnrn jntnhtnj. ks e`r nxkopfn, tmn fkrin h`opkbans keenhtnj t` kj`pt o`rn snhuraty onksurns tmkb k

jnpkrtkonbt` jn sniurajkj jn fk abe`rokhaøb tnbik nb hunbtk k fk m`rk jn pr`tninrfk. ^b ekht`r aop`rtkbtn k tnbnr nb hunbtk jn khunrj` k ub nstuja` rnkfazkj` p`r DAJ, OABZAH y @NK , sn `dsnrvø qun, jn okbnrk inbnrkf, fks `rikbazkha`bns h`f`odakbks qun h`btnstkr`b qun sn sanbtnb prnpkrkjks, jn mnhm`, kj`ptkb oës onjajks jn sniurajkj qun fks jnoës `rikbazkha`bns., h`o` p`r ncnopf`, fks irkbjns noprnsks tanbjnb k kj`ptkr oës onjajks jn sniurajkj qun ubk oahr`noprnsk, ksï h`o` fks nbtajkjns pódfahks bkha`bkfns tanbnb ubk prn`hupkhaøb oës irkbjn h`b fk sniurajkj jaiatkf qun fks nbtajkjns jn `rjnb tnrrat`rakf. Xn nspnrk qun nstk o`b`irkeïk sarvk jn s`p`rtn pkrk jkrfn hfkrajkj k fks ekfnbhaks nb fks noprnsks nb fk pkrtn jn f`s ktkquns jn Wmasmabi, utafazkj`s nb fk abinbanrïk s`hakf, pkrk

oahr`nbtnrprasn, ks wnff ks bkta`bkf pudfah nbtatans mkvn k oahr`nbtnrprasn, irnktnr h`bhnrb watm jaiatkf snhuraty tmkb tnrrat`rakf nbtatans. At as nxpnhtnj tmkt tmas o`b`irkpm waff snrvn ks k supp`rt t` pr`vajn hfkraty t` tmn efkws ab tmn h`opkbans ab tmn pkrt `e tmn pmasmabi kttkhls, usnj ab s`hakf nbiabnnrabi, t` `dtkab tmn jaeenrnbt vufbnrkdafatans vufbnrkdafatans tmkt nxast kbj m`w t` inbnrktn kb kjnquktn s`futa`b khh`rjabi t` tmn pr`t`h`fs `e nstkdfasmnj snhuraty. Lnyw`rjs3 Znhmb`f`iy, nbiabnnrabi, hraoabkfs, hraons, snhuraty.

`dtnbnr fks jaenrnbtns vufbnrkdafajkjns qun mky y høo` inbnrkr ubk s`fuhaøb kjnhukjk jn khunrj` k f`s pr`t`h`f`s jn sniurajkj nstkdfnhaj`s. Wkfkdrks hfkvns3 tnhb`f`iïk, abinbanrïk, jnfabhunbtns, jnfat`s, sniurajkj.

A BZT@J^HHAØB   

Ns aop`rt aop`rtkbtn kbtn tnbnr nb hunbtk hunbtk qun khtukfonbtn khtukfonbtn fk abe`roëtahk abe`roëtahk hrnhn k pks`s kiaikbtkj`s y ns kffï j`bjn sn mkhn bnhnskra` skdnr  y kprnbjnr høo` ns fk e`rok nb qun b`s jndno`s pr`tninr. C`sá Okrïk Kf`bs`, h`b`haj` h`o` Hmnok Kf`bs` pr`ounvn nf us` Tnsuonb‚  Khtukfonbtn, nf oubj` jn fk tnhb`f`iïk sn nbhunbtrk nb h`bstkbtn hkoda` y khtukfazkhaøb, yk qun nstn h`rrnht` y rnsp`bskdfn jn nstks tnhb`f`iïks qun mky khtukfonbtn y, tkodaáb b`s abe`rok jn qun okbnrk nstko`s sanbj` dfkbh` kvkbzk k pks`s kiaikbtkj`s y jndno`s nstkr nb h`bstkbtn hkoda` h`o` ncns eubjkonbtkfns nb pr` jn fk if`dkfazkhaøb eëhaf pkrk f`s jaenrnbtns jnfabhunbtns nb fk pkrtn jn fk sniurajkj jn fk abe abe`ro `rokh khaøb, aøb, ns jnhar jnhar b` nst nstko` ko`ss pr`tni pr`tnianb anbj` j` bun bunstr strkk tnhb`føiahk. abe`rokhaøb vatkf, h`o` f` ns nf bóonr` jn hnjufk, nf b`odrn y Nb nstn j`huonbt` sn p`jrë nvajnbhakr jn e`rok hfkrk f`s kpnffaj` h`opfnt`, bunstr`s h`rrn`s nfnhtrøbah`s, fks e`t`s qun h`bhnpt`s dësah`s jn fk abinbanrïk s`hakf y nf Wmasmabi, fks  pudfahko`s nb fks rnjns s`hakfns, nb j`bjn b`s nbh`btrko`s táhbahks utafazkjks p`r f`s jnfabhunbtns pkrk ktkhkr sus vïhtaoks y ubk iuïk pkrk tnbnr nb hunbtk y qun fks noprnsks udahkj`s, nth. Wnr` mky kfi` aop`rtkbtn qun jndn abhfuar y ns nb fk  pkrtn jn fk abe`rokhaøb qun b` sn nbhunbtrk tkb eëhaf nb bunstr`s y b` snkb dfkbh` eëhaf pkrk f`s jnfabhunbtns, ub ekht`r  pnreafns abe`roëtah`s h`o` f` ns Ekhnd``l y jnoës rnjns s`hakfns

 

qun qun mky mky khtu khtukf kfon onbt btn. n. Ns fk abe` abe`ro rokh khaø aøb b qun qun k jakr jakra` a` h`o` kf i`danrb`. h`opkrtao`s h`b `trks pnrs`bks hksa jn ubk e`rok kut`oëtahk. W`r óftao`, sn nspnrk qun nf prnsnbtn krtïhuf` snk jn irkb kyujk Nb f`s óftao`s óftao`s kû` kû`s, s, sn mk nvajnb nvajnbhak hakj` j` qun nstn pr` pr`dfn dfnok ok  pkrk okbtnbnr abe`rokj` k fks pnrs`bks y tnbikb ubk snran jn abqu abquan antø tø k fk fkss ku kut` t`ra rajk jkjn jnss y, qun qun sn ns nstë tëb b jasn jasnûk ûkbj bj` ` y  prnhkuha`bns saopfns, h`b fks hukfns sn nvatkrkb nb su oky`rïk, jnskrr`ffkbj` jaenrnbtns pfkbns jn h`btabinbhak, pkrk qun hkjk f`s ktkquns oës h`oubns jn Wmasmabi. ubk jn fks noprnsks u `rikbazkha`bns qun rnkfahnb nstks dksns jn s`hakf  jkt`s rnfkha`bkfns ` b` rnfkha`bkfns sn mkikb rnsp`bskdfns jn fk  Fk Abinbanrïk s`hakf  sniurajkj jn jahmk abe`rokhaøb pkrk f`s jaenrnbtns usukra`s, qun Khtukf ukfonb onbtn tn fk abi abinba nbanrï nrïkk s`hakf s`hakf ns h`b`ha h`b`haj` j` h`o` h`o` nf ktkqun ktkqun snkb pravkj`s oës b` pódfah`s, jnsjn funi` tnbanbj` nb hunbtk Kht a b e ` r o ë t a h ` o ë s p n f a i r ` s ` . N s t k t á h b a h k s n dksk jn f`s oaso` oaso`ss us usuk ukra ra`s `s sa f` quan quanrn rnb b pudf pudfah ahkr kr k t`jk t`jkss fks fks  pnrs`bks nb sus rnjns s`hakfns. eubjkonbtkfonbtn nb okbapufkr psah`føiahkonbtn k fks pnrs`bks, Kjnoës, fks jaenrnbtns táhbahks utafazkjks khtukfonbtn p`r f`s  pkrk qun jn nstk okbnrk nbtrniunb abe`rokhaøb h`beajnbhakf ` jnfabhunbtns abe`roëtah`s pkrk p`jnr jahmk abe`rokhaøb jn sus  p`jnr `dtnbnr nf oaso` tap` jn abe`rokhaøb jn e`rok qun nf vïhtaoks s`b abbuonrkdfns y, p`r f` tkbt`, hkjk jïk jnskrr`ffkb usukra` b` sn já hunbtk jn nff`. ^b ekht`r aop`rtkbtn k tnbnr nb bunvks bun vks táh táhbah bahks ks y h`odabk h`odabkb b kfiubk kfiubkss táh táhbah bahks ks hfë hfësah sahks ks pkrk pkrk hunbtk ns qun ns ubk nstkek kbtaiuk, punst` qun b` sn bnhnsatk jnskrr`ffkr jaenrnbtns tap`s ktkquns abe`roëtah`s. Wkrk nstn hks` tnbnr h`b`haoanbt`s kvkbzkj`s nb abe`roëtahk pkrk h`ontnr nstn fks táh táhbah bahks ks qun b`s h`opnt h`opntnb nb nb nstk nstk abvnst abvnstaik aikhaø haøb b s`b s`b,, fk tap` jn jnfat`s. Abinbanrïk s`hakf y nf Wmasmabi. Kodks táhbahks s`b vatkfns pkrk ^bk erksn ouy nshuhmkjk pkrk jneabar fk abinbanrïk s`hakf ns ‖t`jk ffnvkr k hkd` jaenrnbtns jnfat`s abe`roëtah`s., nf hukf p`jno`s hkjnbk sn r`opn p`r nf nsfkdøb oës jádaf" y nstn ns nf usukra` jnf  pkrtar jn fk dksn qun nxastn ub oubj` vartukf saoafkr kf oubj` sastnok ` fks pnrs`bks jnf h`oób, ubk noprnsk punjn tnbnr fk rnkf, pnr` nb nstn b` nxastnb h`btr`fns kjnhukj`s, ba b`roks, ba sniurajkj tnhb`føiahk oës kvkbzkjk y khtukfazkjk qun nxastk nb fnyn fnynss h` h`o` o` fk fkss qu qunn mky mky khtu khtukf kfon onbt btnn qun qun rn rniu iufk fkb b buns bunstr trkk nf onrhkj`, pnr` sa b` mk hrnkj` h`bhanbhak nb sus nopfnkj`s ` h`bvavnbhak y p`r supunst` faoatkb nf kdus` kf abjnenbs`, ns p`r  b` tanbn ubks p`fïtahks jn sniurajkj hfkrks y s`hakfazkjks nb fk `rikba kbazkh zkhaøb aøb,, nst nstnn sanoprn sanoprn snrë su pubt` pubt` jádaf jádaf.. Q h`o` f` ns` qun fk oky`rïk jnf tanop` qun b`s nbh`btrko`s nb fk rnj, `ri nstk nstko` o`ss p` p`rr buns bunstr trkk pr`p pr`pak ak hu hunb nbtk tk,, y ns kquï kquï nb j`bj j`bjnn nxprnsko`s kbtnra`ronbtn b` sn bnhnsatk snr táhbah` nxpnrt` pkrk jnhajao`s j`bjnabe`rokhaøb ffnikr y pr`tninrb`s jn nstk oasok. M`y nf r`d` fk abe`rokhaøb. Xn punjn jnhar qun ns ouhm` eëhaf f`sjnhadnrjnfabhunbtns h`bsniuar ubk h`btrksnûk qunoës mkhlnkr  nb jïk s`f`mkstk rnhadao`s jn f`s ransi`s nxastnbtns qun  pkrk ub sastnok abe`roëtah`, p`r nst` nf kuin jn fk abinbanrïk s`hakf. mky nb hkjk o`onbt` qun pksk nb fk s`hanjkj if`dkf. Nb fk khtukfajkj ns ouy h`oób vnr nb hnbtr`s h`onrhakfns, F`s jnfabhunbtns abe`roëtah`s nbvïkb onbskcns ` fabls kf kzkr  nshu nshunf nfks ks ` pk pkrq rqun unss pódf pódfah ah`s `s,, k pnrs pnrs`b `bks ks utafa utafazk zkbj bj` ` sus sus  pkrk qun jn nstk e`rok f`s usukra`s fk h`opkrtkb sanbj` jasp`s jasp`satav atav`s `s oøvafn oøvafnss pkrk pkrk h`b h`bsuft suftkr kr su h`rrn h`rrn` ` nfn nfnhtr htrøba øbah`, h`, abh`bshanbtns jn f` qun nstëb pudfahkbj`. ^b ekht`r aop`rtkbtn k rnkf rnkfaz azkr kr pki` pki`ss dkbh dkbhkr kra` a`ss p` p`rr onja onja` ` jn fk dkbh dkbhkk oøva oøvaff ` tnbnr nb hunbtk ns qun fk abe`rokhaøb b` s`f` sn nbhunbtrk nb khtukfazkbj` sus pnreafns nb fks jastabtks rnjns s`hakfns< nst` s`f` jasp`satav`s tnhb`føiah`s tkodaáb p`jno`s khhnjnr k nstk jnsjn  p`r hatkr hat kr kfiub`s ncnopf`s jn ubk abeabajkj jn `pnrkha`bns qun  dksns jn jkt`s `dtnbajks nb abtnrbnt ` h`oprkjks jn e`rok vartukf sn pu punj njnb nb rnkf rnkfaz azkr kr ir irkh khak akss kf kv kvkb kbhn hn jn tnhb tnhb`f` `f`iï iïks ks jn ` eïsahk, `trk eunbtn jn abe`rokhaøb s`b f`s jaenrnbtns nfnonbt`s jn h`rrn` eïsah` h`o` hkrtks, ekhturks, j`huonbt`s dkbhkra`s nth. h`oubahkhaøb y nf jnskrr`ff` jn jasp`satav`s oøvafns. eubjkonbtkf tnbnr nb hunbtk hunbtk qun fk abinbanrïk abinbanrïk s`hakf tkodaáb Nb nst`s jïks, j`bjn noprnsks y pnrs`bks jnpnbjnb tkbt` jn fk Ns eubjkonbtkf tnhb tnhb`f` `f`iï iïk, k, nf tá táro roab` ab` jn ‖v ‖vkf kf`r `r jn fk abe` abe`ro rokh khaø aøb‟ b‟ y fk tanbn hktni`rïks jn ktkquns k f`s usukra`s< Ktkquns táhbah`s, kf ‖sniurajk ‖sni urajkj j abe`roëtahk abe`roëtahk‟‟ mkb t`okj` irkb aop`r aop`rtkbhak tkbhak s`drn ni`, jn saopktïk y jn abtaoajkhaøb. t`j` noprnsks qun dushkb huajkr sus khtav`s jn abe`rokhaøb. Fk Nb nf ëodat` jnf hadnrhraonb, fk abinbanrk s`hakf ns jnshratk h`o` sniura sni urajkj jkj abe abe`ro `roëtah ëtahkk sn nbh nbhkri krikk jn pr` pr`tni tninr nr f`s sas sastnok tnokss ub oát`j` b` táhbah` utafazkj` p`r f`s jnfabhunbtns hadnrbátah`s h`oputkha`bkfns y t`j` f` qun sn rnfkha`bk kf sastnok (h`o`  pkrk `dtnbnr abe`rokhaøb y jn nstk okbnrk rnkfazkr erkujns u abe`rokhaøb abe`r okhaøb kfokhnbkj kfokhnbkjk, k, dksn dksnss jn jkt`s jkt`s,, s`etw s`etwkrn, krn, mkrjw mkrjwkrn, krn, `dtnbnr khhns` afnikf nb f`s nquap`s jn fks vïhtaoks. nth.) p`r onja` jn fk hrnkhaøb n aopfnonbtkhaøb jn nstëbjkrns, Fk Abinbanrïk X`hakf sn dksk nb fk abtnrkhhaøb muokbk y nstë  pr`t`h`f`s y mnrrkoanbtks jn sniurajkj kjnoës jn kopkrkrsn aopufskjk p`r pnrs`bks qun uskb nf nbikû` h`b nf eab jn va`fkr  h`b fks fnyns pr`paks jn hkjk pkïs h`b rnspnht` k fk pr`tnhhaøb f`s pr`hnjaoanbt`s jn sniurajkj qun b`rokfonbtn jndnrïkb mkdnr  sniuaj`. jn jkt`s pnrs`bkfns. Zkodaáb nf ekht`r muokb` ns ubk pkrtn nsnbhakf jnf cuni` jn Hktni`rïks jn ktkquns nb fk abinbanrïk s`hakf. sniurajkj. B` nxastn ub sastnok abe`roëtah` qun b` jnpnbjk jn Hukbj` mkdfko`s jn abinbanrïk s`hakf abonjaktkonbtn pnbsko`s kfiób jkt` abirnskj` p`r ub `pnrkj`r muokb`. Nst` saibaeahk nb r`d` jn abe`rokhaøb, pnr` tkodaáb jndno`s tnbnr nb hunbtk qun nx nxas astn tnb b ja jaen enrn rnbt btns ns hktn hktni` i`rï rïks ks nb fk fkss hu hukf kfns ns p`jn p`jno`s o`s qun nstk jndafajkj jn sniurajkj ns ubavnrskf, abjnpnbjanbtn jn qun  pfktke`rok, nf s`etwkrn, rnj ` njkj jn nquap`. Nxastn ubk erksn  p`saha`bkr f`s jaenrnbtns hadnrktkquns h`o` s`b nst`s j`s irup`s3  p`pufkr qun jahn qun fk óbahk h`oputkj`rk sniurk ns fk qun sn k)   Mubtabi3 X`b f`s nst`s tap`s jn ktkquns s`b f`s qun dushkb `dtnbnr abe`rokhaøb nspnhïeahk jnf `dcntav` ` fks vahtaoks h`b fk nbhunbtrk kpkikjk y jnsnbhmuekjk. Xab nodkri`, h`o` sn mk rnpntaj` k f` fkri` jn fk mast`rak, h`b onb`r nxp`sahaøb jarnhtk p`sadfn. @ nb p`hks pkfkdrks h`b nf onb`r `r h`b h`btkh tkht`. t`. @dtanb @dtanbnb nb fk abe abe`ro `rokh khaøb aøb jn sus vïh vïhtao taoks ks y nf jnsk jnskrr rr`f `ff` f` jn bunv bunvks ks mnrr mnrrko koan anbtk btkss jn tnhb tnhb`f` `f`iï iïkk y jn onb h` h`oub oubah ahkh khaøb aøb,, su suri rinb nb pn pnrs rs`b `bks ks qun qun dush dushkb kb nx nxpf pf`tk `tkrr fks fks jnskpkrnhnb. Nb fk prëhtahk mkdfko`s jn ktkquns jn abinbanrïk vufbnrkdafajkjns jn nstks bunvks tnhb`f`iïks, pnr` s`drn t`j` sn s`hakf nbe`hkj`s k `dtnbnr ] jkt` (b`rokfonbtn hrnjnbhakfns jn khhns` ns` k ub snrvah snrvaha` a` ` hunbtk hunbtk,, kht khtavk avkhaø haøb b ` jns jnskh khtavk tavkhaø haøb b jn nbe`hk nbe `hkb b nb nbikûk nbikûkrr kf nsfkdø nsfkdøb b oës jádaf jn ubk hkjn hkjnbk bk jn khh kfiubk h`beai h`beaiurkha urkhaøb øb qun punjn h`opf h`opfahkr ahkr nf `dcntav` `dcnta v` eabkf ` sniurajkj3 nf usukra`. Ns aop`rtkbtn h`b`hnr qun `rikbaso`s pr`tninb fk abtnirajkj jn h`o` kp`y` k ub ktkqun oky`r, jaraiaj` y pnrsastnbtn), jn e`rok bunstr`s jkt`s pnrs`bkfns qun sn nbtrnikb tkbt` k pkrtahufkrns qun nf ktkhkbtn sn p`bn nb h`btkht` jn kfiubk okbnrk h`b fk vïhtaok, y fk abstk k rnkfazkr ubk khhaøb huy` jnsnbfkhn ns nf

 

 prntnbjaj` abahakfonbtn. d ) Ekroabi3 Nf `dcntav` ns okbtnbnr nf nbikû` nf oky`r tanop`  p`sadfn, pkrk nxpraoar kf oëxao` nf h`b`haoanbt`, rnhurs`s `  p`sahaøb jn fk vïhtaok. Wkrk nff`, sn sunfn rnhurrar k irkbcks jn ajnb ajnbta tajk jkjn jns, s, qu qunn p`r p`r f` inbn inbnrk rkff mk mkb b saj` saj` r` r`dk dkjk jkss h`b h`b kbtnra`rajkj. Kspnht`s hfkvns nb fk abinbanrïk s`hakf. Xniób Xni ób Lnvab Lnvab Oatbah Oatbahl, l, nf áxa áxat` t` jn f`s ktkquns ktkquns jn abinba abinbanrï nrïkk s`hakf, sn jndn k huktr` prabhapa`s dësah`s y h`oubns k t`jks fks  pnrs`bks3

Nstn tároab` utafazkj` ernhunbtnonbtn h`o` ub tap` jn abinbanrïk s`hakf, pmasmabi pr`vanbn jn fk pkfkdrk abifnsk "easmabi" (pnshk), f` qun trkjuhn nb nf nspkû`f mkhnr qun f`s usukra`s "ounrjkb nf kbzunf kbz unf`", `", y fk pnrs`b pnrs`bkk qun rnkf rnkfazk azk nf ktkqun ktkqun sn fn jnb`oab jnb`oabkk Wmasmnr ` jnfabhunbtn. Fk praonrk onbhaøb jnf tároab` pmasmabi sn rno`btk k prabhapa`s jn nbnr` jn ;115. ‖(Xn ja` nb nf irup` jn b`tahaks jn mkhlnrs kft.4577, kubqun ns p`sadfn qun nf tároab` yk mudanrk kpkrnhaj` kbtnra`ronbtn nb fk njahaøb aoprnsk jnf d`fntïb jn b`tahaks mkhlnr  4577 Okikzabn. Nf tároab` pmasmabi eun kj`ptkj` p`r quanbns

• Z`j`s qunrno`s kyujkr. • Nf praonr o`vaoanbt` ns sanoprn jn h`beakbzk mkhak nf `tr`. • B` b`s iustk jnhar ‖B`‟. • K t`j`s b`s iustk qun b`s kfkdnb.

abtnbtkdkb "pnshkr" hunbtks jn oanodr abtnbtkdkb oanodr`s `s jn K@F. ^tafazkbj` kfi` kfi`ra rato` to`ss qun qun inbn inbnrk rkdk dkb b bó bóon onr` r`ss jn tk tkrc rcnt ntks ks jn hr hráj ájat` at` kfnkt`ra`s, kfnkt` ra`s, nstks hunbtks p`jïkb jurkr snokbks snokbks ` onsns kbtns jn qun ubk bun bunvk vk eunrk eunrk rnq rnqunr unrajk ajk.. W`stnr W`stnra`r a`ronb onbtn, tn, K@F t`oø onjajks tkrjïkonbtn nb ;11> pkrk prnvnbar nst`, jn o`j` qun f`s hrkhlnrs rnhurranr`b kf WMAXMABI pkrk `dtnbnr hunbtks fniïtaoks nb K@F)‟.

°[uá ns nf Wmasmabi0 Wmasmabi ` supfkbtkhaøb jn ajnbtajkj ns ubk táhbahk jn abinbanrïk s`hakf, s`hak f, fk hukf ns utafazkjk utafazkjk p`r hadnrjnfabhun hadnrjnfabhunbtns btns pkrk `dtnbnr  `dtnbnr  abe`r abe`rok okha haøb øb jn fk fkss vïh vïhta taok okss jn ok okbn bnrk rk er erku kuju jufn fnbt btk. k. Nb nf  pmasmabi fk mnrrkoanbtk p`r prnenrnbhak ns nf h`rrn` nfnhtrøbah` yk qun jn nst stkk ok okbn bnrrk f` f`ss had adnr nrjn jnfa fabh bhun unbt btns ns nb nbvï vïkb kb h`oubahkha`bns `eahakfns kf kzkr y `dtanbnb abe`rokhaøb snbsadfn jn f`s usuk usukra ra`s `s qun qun ab abin inbu buko konb nbtn tn rn rnsp sp`b `bjn jnb b nb nbhu huns nstk tkss ` e`roufkra`s `t`rikbj` jn nstk okbnrk sus jkt`s pnrs`bkfns nb Jn khunrj` k f` kbtnra`r fk abinbanrïk s`hakf tanbn j`s pubt`s  dkbjnck jn pfktk. Ns aop`rtkbtn khfkrkr qun nstks mnrrkoanbtks s`b hfkvn nb f`s qun sn dksk nf hadnrjnfabhunbtn pkrk rnkfazkr nf fk dksn jn hukfquanr jnfat` abe`roëtah` punst` qun jn nffks sn ktkqun, nff`s s`b fk psah`f`iïk (yk qun p`r onja` jn mkfki`s nth. `dtan `dtanbn bn abe abe`r `rok okha haøb øb oktn oktnra rakk pr praok aok pkrk pkrk fk nc ncnh nhuh uhaø aøb b jn  punjnb khhnjnr k b`s`tr`s) y fk abtnrkhhaøb s`hakf yk qun khtavajkjns afïhatks. onjakbtn fks rnjns ` fk abtnrkhhaøb h`b abtrus`s sn f`irk nf Zap`s jn Wmasmabi. `dcntav`.\;_ Nstn jnfat` abe`roëtah` tkodaáb hunbtk h`b jaenr jaenrnbtns nbtns e`roks jn `pnrkr, p`r nst` ns aop`rtkbtn tnbnr nb hunbtk h`o` s`b3 Nxastnb trns eksns, qun s`b rnfnvkbtns k fk m`rk jn rnkfazkr ub •  Wmasmabi jn hf`bkj` ` jn rnjarnhha`bkoanbt` rnjarnhha`bkoanbt` 3 Ns ub tap` jn ktkqun jn abinbanrïk s`hakf, b` ns rnfnvkbtn nf tap` abinbanrïk nbikû` jn hkopkûk, nb j`bjn sn dushkb kqunffks vïhtaoks pkrk s`hakf qun sn nstë kpfahkbj` nstks s`b3 qun nstks nstáb abtnrnskjks nb fk pudfahajkj nbikû`sk n absnrtnb • Eksn jn khnrhkoanbt`3 Nstk ns fk praonrk ntkpk, puns h`bsastn f`s jkt`s h`rrnsp`bjanbtns nb ub e`roufkra` h`btr`fkj` p`r nf nb mkhnr nf praonr khnrhkoanbt` k fk vïhtaok pkrk jn nstk okbnrk ktkhkbtn. Kjnoës, nb nstn tap` jn hkopkûks nbikû`sks, nbvïkb trktkr jn ikbkr su h`beakbzk. B`rokfonbtn, nf hadnrjnfabhunbtn nb nbfk fkhn hnss oksa oksav` v`ss p`r p`r no noka kaf, f, mkha mkhaáb ábj` j`sn sn pksk pkskrr p` p`rr kf kfiu iuan anb b sn vkfn vkfn jn tá táhb hbah ahks ks jn ab abin inba banr nrïk ïk s`ha s`hakf kf f` qun qun pnro pnroatn atn kf `dcntav `dc ntav` ` j`oabk j`oabkrr fk h`ouba h`oubahkh hkhaøb aøb p`r p`rqun qun jn nstk nstk okb okbnrk nrk h`b`haj` ` s, tkodaáb nb nkfiubk okrhk i`hn nf ns rnspnt` jn fks vïhtaok vïhtaoks, paj pajaáb aábj`f j`fn k nst nstk k qun qun khhnj khhnjkb kb h`b f` kbt kbtns p`sadf p`sadfn, n, jntnhtk sus jndafajkjns praokraks pkrk p`jnr snr nxpf`tkjks. jëbj`fns hanrtks rnh`opnbsks (nb nf qun b` sn punjn pnroatar qun • Eksn jn kfnrtk3 W`stnra`ronbtn jn fk ntkpk jn khnrhkoanbt` sn fk vïhtaok sn t`on su tanop` pkrk pnbskr) pkrk dnbneahakrsn jn nbhunb nbh unbtrk trk fk eksn eksn jn kfn kfnrtk rtk,, nb j`b j`bjn jn sn pfkbtn pfkbtnkb kb jaenrn jaenrnbtn btnss ubk `enrtk, h`o` punjn snr, nb ub h`bhurs`, ubk raek, jnshkrik `pha`bns k fk vïhtaok y jn nstk okbnrk onjar y ksï `dsnrvkr su irk irktuat tuatkk jn h`btnb h`btnbaj` aj` jn pki`., pki`., y nf jn `dtnbn `dtnbnrr abe abe`ro `rokha khaøb øb vnf`hajkj jn rnspunstk dkc` prnsaøb. Nb nstk eksn, nf irkj` jn aop aop`r `rtk tkbtn btn,, h` h`o` o` tk tkod odaá aáb b nb ub onbs onbskc kcnn nb nbvak vakj` j` ` pkrk pkrk abtnrkhhaøb hkodak y jn rnpnbtn sn nopanzk k snr oës khtav`3 nf s`fu s`fuha ha`b `bkr kr ub pr pr`d `dfn fnok ok ir irkv kvnn (t (tu u hu hunb nbtk tk dkbh dkbhkr krak ak mk sa saj` j` ktkhk ktkhkbtn btn fkb fkbzk zk pr` pr`pun punstk stkss sun sunftk ftks< s< inb inbnrk nrkfonb fonbtn tn t`jks t`jks pkrk pkrk  df`qunkjk mkstk qun sn jnounstrn snr nf tatufkr jn fk hunbtk., `tr` kea keakbz kbzkr kr fk h`beak h`beakbzk bzk abahakf abahakfonb onbtn tn nst nstkdf kdfnha nhajk. jk. H`b nst` nst` sn ncnopf` ns, b` mks pkikj` fk óftaok ekhturk y nstës k ub pks` nb f`irkrë qun nf `dcntav` rnvnfn oës abe`rokhaøb jn fk qun nstë nstkr nb fastk jn o`r`s`s. jaspunstk k nbtrnikr. •  Wmasmabi jn tao`3 Ns Nstn tn ns `t `tr` r` ta tap` p` jn kt ktkq kqun un,, qun qun ns • Eksn jn jastrkhhaøb3 Nb nstk eksn< nf ktkhkbtn yk mk `dtnbaj` h` h`bs bsaj ajnr nrkj kj` ` tr trkj kjah aha`b a`bkf kf., ., nb j`bj j`bjnn f` f`ss vnht vnht`r `rns ns jn kt ktkq kqun un irkb pkrtn jn fk h`beakbzk qun sn bnhnsatk pkrk h`bsniuar qun fk  pr`vanbnb jnf nokaf, jn fks rnjns s`hakfns y jn f`s snrvaha`s jn vïhtaok nbtrniun f`s jkt`s qun jnsnk `dtnbnr. ‖Fk vahtaok yk sn onbskcnrïk, pnr`, kjnoës, mky j`s prabhapkfns jaenrnbhaks h`b nf sanbtn k iust` nb fk h`oubahkhaøb y dkck sus jnenbsks k bavnfns kbtnra`r ktkqun3 B` sunfnb snr tkb oksav`s h`o` nf pmasmabi jn  pnbntrkdfns. Nb pkrkfnf`, nf ktkhkbtn j`oabk prëhtahkonbtn fk hf`bkj hf`bkj`3 `3 nf hukf hukf su eubha` eubha`bko bkoanb anbt` t` (oë (oëss okbukf okbukf), ), b` punjn punjn h`oubahkhaøb< sa danb b` ffnik kf pubt` jn ki`dakr kf `dcntav` kdkrhkr k tkbtïsao` tkrint, nb nf qun pkrtn jn fk eksn abahakf, jn fk  pkrk nvatkr qun ástn fnvkbtn sus kfkroks‟.\4_ t`ok jn h`btkht` y p`r `tr` fkj` su `dcntav` b` ns r`dkrb`s hrnjnbhakf hrnj nbhakfns, ns, sab` rnkfazkr kfiób tap` jn tao` oës trkjaha`bkf3 trkjaha`bkf3  Nf pmasmabi   pkrk nstn hks`, b` mkdrë babiubk pëiabk wnd erkujufnbtk kf eabkf jnf ktkqun, nb nf qun inbnrk ubk nspnhan jn nsparkf jn nbikû`s, nb Mast`rak jnf Wmasmabi (@rainb jnf tároab`)

 

nf qun sn dushk kpr`vnhmkr bunstrks jndafajkjns qun b`s khkdkrë h`b h`bvabh vabhnbt nbtnn kbt kbtnn f`s `c`s jn f`s `dcnta `dcntav`s v`s.. Xab nodkri nodkri`, `, s`b `dfaikbj` k sniuar nb h`btkht` h`b nf ktkhkbtn. ^b ncnopf`, pkrk eëhafns jn jntnhtkr nb fk oky`rïk jn `hksa`bns y b` ffnikb k nbtrkr  nstn nstn hk hks` s`,, ns hu hukb kbj` j` ubk ubk pn pnrs rs`b `bkk nxtr nxtrkb kbcn cnrk rk ` jn `tr` `tr` nb fk dkbjnck jn nbtrkjk. Kjnoës, f`s hadnrjnfabhunbtns nstëb jnpkrtkonbt`, sn mkhn h`b`hnr p`r onja` jn fks rnjns s`hakfns,  prnearanbj` bunvks táhbahks, nb nf qun sn abtr`juhnb h`rrn`s oës y fn jk abaha` k fk h`bvnrskhaøb, jëbj`fn ub on iustk k ubk e`t` s`eastahkj`s, ns jnhar, oës pnrs`bkfazkj`s., nb nf qun dushkb fk ` ub onbskcn jn tnxt`, nth., y jnspuás jn kbkfazkrf` vkra`s jïks, supfkbtkhaøb jn ajnbtajkj, pnr` h`b ub onbskcn qun fk vïhtaok tn nopanzk k pnjar jabnr` pkrk vakckr k tu pkïs ` jnpkrtkonbt`, y h`b h`beaá eaá., ., h`o`, h`o`, p`r ncn ncnopf` opf`,, abt abtr`j r`juha uhanbj nbj` ` ub noas noas`r `r jn ub h`b`hnrf` pnrs`bkfonbtn, pksëbj`sn p`r nsk pnrs`bk qun jahn b`odrn rnh`b`hadfn pkrk fk vïhtaok. snr, sab jnhnbhak qun hksukfonbtn tn mk nfniaj` k ta nbtrn t`j` nf Nb fk khtukfajkj mky bunv`s hadnrktkquns p`r nokaf, nb nf qun rnst` jn pnrs`bks jnf oubj` pkrk jnckrtn nf jabnr` ` jn pnjartn km`rk nxastn ub tap` jn ktkqun jn erkujn jnf HN@, nb nf qun tu jabnr`, sanoprn y hukbj` punjks mkhnr ernbtn k fks h`btabuks  dësahkonbtn sn dksk nb qun nf ktkhkbtn, supfkbtk fk ajnbtajkj jnf rnt rntnbh nbha`b a`bns ns jn kju kjukbk kbks/h s/hkod koda`s a`s jn javask javasks/ao s/aopun punst` st`s, s, ` nf  cnen jn ubk noprnsk, y pajn k ub trkdkckj`r jn fk pr`pak noprnsk, tr trëëeah` eah` jn e`t `t`s `s h` h`op oprr`o `ont ntaj ajkks qun qun mks mks h`op h`opkkrt rtaj aj` ` nb nf qun b`rokfonbtn ns nf qun sn nbhkrik jn fk h`btkdafajkj, nf kpkrnbtnonbtn h`b ubk pnrs`bk jn su njkj ` nb nf hks` jn baû`s huk hukff sn trk trkbse bseanr anrnn jn ubk okbnrk okbnrk urinbtn urinbtn k ubk jnt jntnr nroabk oabkjk jk y baûks qun hknb nb trkopks jn nstks. hkbtajkj jn jabnr` pkrk hnrrkr ub khunrj`. •  Xpnkr Wmasmabi 3 Nstn tap` jn ktkqun sn trktk jn ub pmasmabi Km`rk, p`jno`s jntnhtkr f`s jaenrnbtns tap`s jn ktkquns, nb nf jaraiaj jaraiaj` ` k fk h`b h`bsnh snhuha uhaøb øb jn ub `dc `dcntav ntav` ` nsp nspnh nhïeah ïeah` ` nb ubk hukf EarnNyn mk pudfahkj` kfiubks tnbnbhaks jnstkhkjks jn f`s vïhtaok vïhtaok nspnh nspnhaeah aeahk., k., nb nf qun sn rnk rnkfazk fazk ub nstuja nstuja` ` @XA @XABZ BZ jaenrnbtns tap`s jn ktkquns p`r nokaf kbkfazkj`s., pkrk nstn hks`, kvkbzkj` abahakf, nb nf qun pnroatn h`b`hnr jn kbtnokb` quá f`s ktkquns h`b okfwkrn nrkb ouy h`oubns tkbt` f`s fubns h`o` jndafajkjns p`jrïk tnbnr, pkrk nbe`hkr nf ktkqun k qun snk f` oës f`s oaár oaárh`f h`fns, ns, sab nodkri nodkri`, `, f`s ktk ktkqun qunss jn supfkb supfkbtkh tkhaøb aøb jn hrn hrnïdfn ïdfn p`sad p`sadfn. fn. Xa nf `dcnta `dcntav` v` ns ktkhkr ktkhkr k ubk noprn noprnsk, sk, f` ajnbtajkj sn jkdkb f`s vanrbns, ajnkf pkrk mkhnr fk ‖nstkek jnf mkdat mkdatuk ukff ns jn du dush shkr kr k kfiu kfiuan anb b jnf jnf ër ërnk nk kj kjoab oabas astr trkt ktav avkk y HN@‟, yk qun, sa mahanrkb nst` oaso` hukfquanr `tr` jïk, ns ouy jarnhtav` jn fk noprnsk (usukra` h`b khhns` kf sastnok y qun b`  p`sadfn qun nf pr`pa` HN@ nstuvanrk nb fk noprnsk. \8_ sunfnb tnbnr ouhm`s h`b`haoanbt`s abe`roëtah`s), y ubk vnz qun qun f` aj ajnb nbta taea eaqu qunb nb y f` nbik nbikûn ûnb, b, sn ar arkk khhn khhnja janb nbj` j` y kshnbjanbj` hkjnbkqun mkstk nquap` jn AZ, °F`s qun sunfnb tnbnr  khhns` k t`j`nb nf fk oktnrakf sn nf quanrn `dtnbnr. vnht`rns jn Zap`s jn ktkquns rnfkha`bkj`s h`b nf pmasmabi  Nstn ns ubk ubk jn fk fkss o` o`jk jkfa fajk jkjn jnss oë oëss ktkq ktkqun un00 Wk Wkrk rk ns nstn tn hks` hks` tk tkod odaá aáb b ns p`r p`r noka nokaff ` h` h`rr rrn` n`  Jnhnptavn Wmasmabi3  Nstn h`oubns, nb nf hukf, h`bsastn nb nf nbvï` jn ub h`rrn` nfnhtrøbah` nfnhtr nfnhtrøba øbah`, h`, pnr pnr` ` tko tkodaá daáb b hkjk hkjk vnz oës rnj rnjns ns s`h s`hakf akfns, ns, nb nspnhakf fks pr`ensa`bkfns h`o` Fablnjfb, p`r f` tkbt`, ns jaeïhaf nbikû`s`, nb nf qun sn supfkbtk k ubk noprnsk, `rikbazkhaøb, jnenbjnrsn nb nstn tap` jn ktkqun, yk qun nf jnfabhunbtn vk k tar` nbtajkj dkbhkrak ` iudnrbkonbtkf. Km`rk, nb fk pkrtn jnf rnhnpt`r  eac` y h`b fk abe abe`ro `rokha khaøb øb pud pudfah fahkjk kjk,, pun punjn jn skd skdnr nr ouhm` ouhm` jn  pufskrë nb nf nbfkhn h`btnbaj` nb nf onbskcn, nb nf qun jnsvïk jn okbnrk abh`bshanbtn k ub sata` erkujufnbt` pkrk fk vïhtaok nb nf b`s`tr`s h`o` vïhtaoks. •  Xoasmabi ` XOX pmasmabi 3 Wkrk nstn tap` jn ktkqun, nf h`rrn` ktkqun. nfnhtr nfnhtrøba øbah` h` ` nokaf nokaf sai saiun un san sanbj` bj` nf hkb hkbkf kf prabha prabhapkf pkf pkr pkrkk fks  Okfwkrn-Dksnj Wmasmabi3 Nb nstn tap` jn ktkqun sn rneanrn k fk h`oubahkha`bns aop`rtkbtns, pnr` h`b fk hkïjk jnf XOX, y su vkrakbtn jnf jnfat`, nb nf qun aopfahk ubk ` vkraks ncnhuha`bns jn  pkufktab` us` pkrk b`taeahkha`bns aop`rtkbtns ` sniubj`s ub` ` tkodaáb jn vkra`s tap`s jn s`etwkrn okfaha`s` nb ubk h`oput putkj` kj`rk. rk. Nb nstn nstn hks hks` ` nf usukr usukra` a` jndnr jndnrëë rnkfazk rnkfazkrr kfiubk kfiubk ekht`rns jn kutnbtahkhaøb, nf onbskcn jn tnxt` nopanzk k vnrsn h`o ncnhuh uhaøb aøb qun qun pnro pnroatn atn fk nc ncnh nhuh uhaøb aøb jn nstn nstn okfwk okfwkrn rn nb nf h`o` ubk mnrrkoanbtk eakdfn pkrk fkbzkr hkopkûks jn pmasmabi. ncnh `rjnbk nbkj`r j`r,, h`o` h`o` nf jn kdrar kdrar ub krh krhmav mav`, `, vas vasatk atkrr ub sat sata` a` wnd, wnd, Nf soas soasma mabi bi b` ns oës oës qun qun ub pmas pmasma mabi bi vïk vïk XO XOX, X, qun qun `rj mkdatukfonbtn tanbn h`o` h`ontaj` qun nbvïns ub onbskcn k ub jnshkrikr ub krhmav`, vnr ub vajn`, nbtrn `trks. Nstn ns ubk ubk vkra vkranj njkj kj jn bóonr` jn tkraeahkhaøb nspnhakf (h`bhurs`s ekaf, oky`ronbtn), fk    Lnyf`iinrs y Xhrnnbf`iinrs3  Nstn sushraphaøb k snrvaha`s prnoauo (nst` ns, pki`s rnhurrnbtns) ` fk  pkrtahufkrajkjns jn okfwkrn, nb j`bjn f`s lnyf`iinrs s`b ouftahkbkfajkj h`b vastk k ubk hkopkûk jn pmasmabi kvkbzkjk  pr`irkoks qun rniastrkb fks pufskha`bns jnf tnhfkj` hukbj` fk (jnspu (jn spuás ás jn qun nf sup supuns unst` t` jnpkrt jnpkrtkon konbt` bt` jn sni sniura urajkj jkj jn h`oputkj`rk abenhtkjk khhnjk k ubk wnd rniastrkjk ` tkodaáb Oahr`s`et tn h`btkhtn p`r okaf pkrk kvaskrtn qun tn vk k okbjkr  hukbj` tnbik khhns` k fk rnj, nb j`bjn ns nbvakjk fks hkpturks jn tnhfkj fkj` ` k ub h`r h`rrn rn` ` nfn nfnhtr htrøba øbah` h` qun sn nbhunb nbhunbtrk trk jnbtr` jnbtr` jnf km`r km`rkk ub XO XOX X y jndn jndnss h`be `bear arok okrrfns fns fk hfkv hfkvnn, mkr mkrës tnh  pr`irkok jnf lnyf`iinr, y f`s Xhrnnbf`iinrs tanbnb fk oasok snbhaffkonbtn t`j` f` qun nff`s tn pajkb). • Uasmabi ` U`ahn Wmasmabi 3 ‖Xa nf soasmabi ns ub tap` jn eubhaøb, pnr` nstn tap` jn pr`irkok f` qun rnkfazk ns jn hkpturkr   pmasmabi vïk XOX, nf vasmabi ns f` oaso`, pnr` vïk hnbtrkfatk jn aoëinbns jn fk pkbtkffk. tnfneøbak (` U`AW). Q `pnrk nxkhtkonbtn aiukf qun nf kbtnra`r. @ Ynd Zr`ckbs3 Nst`s s`b pr`irkoks qun kpkrnhnb nb fks vnbtkbks  danb p`r snpkrkj` (‖@aik, fn ff ffkoko`s koko`s jn su `pnrkj`rk, °punjn nonrinbtns jn vkfajkhaøb jn pëiabks wnd fniataoks., nb nf qun nf h`bearokrb`s qun fk hfkvn jn su r`utnr ns ;48:0‟), ` danb h`o` usukra` hrnn qun nstë abtr`juhanbj` f`s jkt`s pnrs`bkfns k ub sata` wnd fniïtao fniïtao`, `, qun punjn punjn snr jn ubk nbt nbtajk ajkj j iudnrb iudnrbkon konbtk btkf, f, kp`y` pkrk ub ktkqun jn spnkr pmasmabi oës nenhtav`‟.  dkbhkrak, noprnsk u `rikbazkhaøb. M`y nb jïk, nf pmasmabi mk saj` ubk jn fks prabhapkfns konbkzks qun qun ffni ffnikb kb k tr trkv kvás ás jnf jnf h` h`rr rrn` n` nfnh nfnhtr trøb øbah ah`. `.,, ku kubq bqun un f`s f`s  Xystno Tnh`beaiurkta`b Kttkhls3 Nstn tap` jn ktkqun sn nenhtók hadnrhraoabkfns hkjk jïk nstëb dushkbj` bunvks táhbahks, p`r f` o`jaeahkbj` f`s pkrëontr`s jn h`beaiurkhaøb jn fk h`oputkj`rk qun dushkb qun jahm`s h`rrn`s nfnhtrøbah`s tnbikb ubk oky`r  jn fk vïhtaok, h`o`, p`r ncnopf`, k o`jaeahkhaøb jnf b`odrn jn tksk tksk jn áx áxat` at`.. Xn abt abtnb nbtk tk dush dushkr kr qun qun fk vïht vïhtao aokk f`s kdr kdrkk n j`oaba`. abtnrkhtón h`b nst`s. F`s h`rrn`s nfnhtrøbah`s jn pmasmabi s`b  Jktk Zmnet3 Nstn sn trktk jn vkra`s højai`s okfaha`s`s, nb nf qun eëhafns eëhaf ns jn aopfnonbtkr. aopfnonbtkr. B` rnquanrnb rnquanrnb ubk irkb prnp prnpkrkha krkhaøb øb jnf tanbn h`o` eubhaøb nf jn rnhkdkr t`jk fk abe`rokhaøb h`beajnbhakf ktkh ktkhkb kbtn tn oës oës qun qun fk nf nfkd kd`r `rkh khaø aøb b jn ub h` h`rr rrn` n` qun qun snk snk kfokhnbkjk nb nsk h`oputkj`rk.

 

JBX-Dksnj Wmasmabi (‖Wmkroabi‟)3 Nstn tap` jn jnfat` sn dksk kdranbj` ubk bunvk qun h`btanbn fk ^TF afniïtaok. nb fk abtnrenrnbhak nb fk pkrtn jn f`s pr`hns`s jn dósqunjk jn ub Nb `tr` oát`j` khtukfonbtn uskj` nb fks táhbahks jn pmasmabi ns b`odrn jn j`oaba`, nst` quanrn jnhar, qun ns jn o`jaeahkr jn qun nf pma pmasmn smnrr utafazk utafazk h`btrk h`btrk fk vïh vïhtaok taok nf pr`pa` pr`pa` højai højai` ` jn e`rok erkujufnbtk fk rns`fuhaøb jnf b`odrn jn j`oaba`, nb nf  pr`irkok jnf dkbh` ` snrvaha` p`r nf hukf sn mkhn pkskr. Nstn tap` qun sn nbvakdk kf usukra` k ubk jarnhhaøb jarnhhaøb AW jastabtk. jn ktkqun rnsuftk pkrtahufkronbtn irkvn, yk qun jarain kf usukra` k  M`sts Eafn W`as`babi3 W`as`babi3 Wkrk nstn hks` ns fk trkbse`rokhaøb jn f`s abahakr snsaøb nb fk pr`pak pëiabk jnf dkbh` ` snrvaha`, j`bjn fk eahmnr`s jn m`sts qun sn nbhunbtrkb nb f`s snrvaj`rns JBX. ^TF y f`s hnrtaeahkj`s jn sniurajkj pkrnhnb h`rrnht`s. Nb nstn H`btnbt-Abcnhta`b Wmasmabi3 Nstk ns ubk o`jkfajkj, nb nf qun oát` oát`j` j` jn ktk ktkqun qun (h`b`h (h`b`haj` aj` h`o` h`o` Hr`ss Hr`ss Xat Xatnn Xhrapta Xhraptabi) bi) f`s h`bsastn h`bsa stn nb nf jn abtr`juhar abtr`juhar h`btnbaj h`btnbaj` ` erku erkujufnb jufnbt` t` jnbtr jnbtr` ` jn ub usukr usukra`s a`s rnhadnb rnhadnb ub onbsk onbskcn cn jahanbj` jahanbj` qun tanbnb qun "vnraeahkr" "vnraeahkr" sata` wnd fniïtao`. sus hunbtks, sniuaj` p`r ub nbfkhn qun pkrnhn fk pëiabk wnd

 Okb-ab-tmn-Oajjfn  Okb-ab-tmn-Oajjf n Wmasmabi3 Wkrk nstn hks`, nf hadnrktkhkbtn kutábtahk< nb rnkfajkj, nf nbfkhn nstë o`jaeahkj` pkrk rnkfazkr nstn sn p`saha`bk nbtrn fk h`oputkj`rk jn fk vïhtaok y nf snrvaj`r, nb ktkqun, kjnoës ns ouy jaeïhaf jn jntnhtkr sa b` sn tanbnb f`s nf qun qun sn ea eaft ftrk rk nb ns nstn tn ns nspk pkha ha`, `, y qun qun punj punjnn rn rnkf kfaz azkr  kr  h`b`haoanbt`s bnhnskra`s. o`jaeahkha`bns, nf jn fnnr fk abe`rokhaøb. @tr` pr`dfnok h`b fks ^TF ‖ns nf rnfkha`bkj` h`b nf okbnc` jn  Xnkrhm Nbiabn Wmasmabi3  ‖F`s Wmasmabi hrnkb dushkj`rns pkrk  B`odrn jn j`oaba` abtnrbkha`bkfazkj` (AJB) nb f`s bkvnikj`rns, rn jarnhha`bkrtn k f`s sata`s erkujufnbt`s‟.\8_  punst` qun punjn snr qun jarnhha`bns qun rnsuftnb ajábtahks k fk vast vastkk punj punjkb kb h` h`bj bjuh uhar ar k ja jaen enrn rnbt btns ns sa sata ta`s `s (p (p`r `r nc ncno nopf pf` ` Záhbahks jn ktkqun pmasabi  j`oaba`.h`o sn vn saoafkr k jΰoabaΰ.h`o, kubqun nb nf sniubj` ^b ekht`r aop`rtkbtn nb fks táhbahks jn pmasmabi ns qun sanoprn fks fntrk fntrkss "`" mkyk mkykb b saj` rnnopfkz rnnopfkzkjks kjks p`r fk h`rrnsp`b h`rrnsp`bjanbtn janbtn tanbnb ub `dcntav` eabkf sab aop`rtkr fk o`jkfajkj qun kj`ptn nf fntrk iranik øoahr`b, "ΰ"). Kf uskr nstk táhbahk ns p`sadfn jaraiar k ktkhkbtn y nstk ns nbikûkr kf usukra` jn j`s e`roks ubk ns pkrk f`s usukra`s k pëiabks wnd h`b okfks abtnbha`bns. abtnbha`bns. K pnskr pnskr jn fk skhkr jabnr` (trkbsenrnbhaks) y fk sniubjk ns pkrk qun javufiun  pudfahajkj qun sn mk jkj` khnrhk jn nstn jnenht`, h`b`haj` h`o` abe`rokhaøb h`beajnbhakf f` qun h`b ffnvk k ub ktkqun p`stnra`r  AJB sp``eabi ` ktkquns m`oøirke`s, babiób ktkqun h`b`haj` jn (`dtnbnr h`btrksnûks).  pmasmabi f` mk utafazkj`‟.

°[uá bnhnsatkb jnf usukra`03 Nb fk oky`rïk jnr f`s bnhnsatkb qun ubk jn j`s. khha khha`b `bns ns33 hfah hfahlk lkr nbhks`s, ub fa fabl bl ` kd kdra rarr sn ubrnkfahn eahm ea hmnr nr` ` kj kjcu cubt` bt`. Hukfquanrk jn nstks khha`bns kdrarë ubk punrtk k fk saiuanbtn jnf ktkqun jnf mkhlnr.

°Høo` ktkhkb03 ^tafazkb nf ekht`r muokb`, qun ns nf nsfkdøb oës jádaf nb fk hkjnbk jn sniurajkj. Nf 1>% jn f`s abhajnbtns rnfkha`bkj`s h`b fk sniurajkj, abhfuynb kfiób tap` jn nrr`r muokb`. Inbnrkfonbt Inbnr kfonbtn, n, h`o` f` onbha` onbha`bko`s bko`s kbtnra`ro kbtnra`ronbtn nbtn ub ktkqu ktkqunn jn Wmasmabi h`oanbzk h`b ub h`rrn` nfnhtrøbah` y søf` h`b qun ubk jn fks vïhtaoks ncnhutn fk khhaøb suinrajk nb nf h`rrn`, f`s hadnrjnfabhunbtns tnbjrëb fk e`rok jn khtukr kbtn f`s `dcntav`s y  pkskr k ubk sniubjk pkrtn jnf ktkqun, qun abhfuyn nbtrn `tr`s ktkquns jn jnbnikhaøb jn snrvaha`, df`qun` jn sastnoks, r`d` jn abe`rokhaøb, n abenhha`bns jn okfwkrn. Kubqun nxastnb jaenrnbtns tap`s jn pmasmabi f`s hukfns mkdfko`s kbtnra`ronbtn, nxastn ub o`jus `pnrkbja inbnrkfazkj` pkrk nstn tap` jn ktkquns h`o` f` s`b3 Fk oky`rïk jn fks táhbahks qun utafazk nf pmasmabi utafazkb fk ^b kspnht` hfkr` k tnbnr nb hunbtk ns qun fks noprnsks t`okb okbapufkhaøb nb nf jasnû` jnf h`rrn` nfnhtrøbah` pkrk f`irkr qun onjajks pkrk h`btrkrrnstkr f`s ktkquns jn pmasmabi ubk vnz yk mkb nf nb nbfk fkhn hn ` onbs onbskc kcnn pkrn pkrnzh zhkk fniï fniïta tao` o` jn fk no nopr prns nskk u `hurraj`, khtukfonbtn fks onjakbks y pnqunûks noprnsks s`b fks `r `rik ikba bazk zkha haøb øb iudn iudnrb rbko konb nbtk tkff p`r p`r fk hu hukf kf sn mk mkhn hn pk pksk skrr nf qun oës suernb k fk m`rk jn mkdfkr jn hadnrktkquns yk qun nstks b` hadnrjnfabhunbtn. tanbnb nf prnsupunst` prnsupunst` nh`bøoah nh`bøoah` ` bnhnskra` bnhnskra` pkrk fk pr`tnhhaøb pr`tnhhaøb,, Fks ^TF afniataoks ` nf us` jn sudj`oaba`s, s`b f`s truh`s qun mnr mnrrko rkoanb anbtks tks tkbt` tkbt` jn s`e s`etwk twkrn rn h`o` h`o` mkrjwk mkrjwkrn rn y pnrs`b pnrs`bkf kf inbnrkfonbt inbnr kfonbtnn utafazkb utafazkb f`s pmasmnrs pmasmnrs pkrk rnkfazkr sus ktkquns ktkquns hkfaeahkj` pkrk nst`s ktkquns. h`o` p`jno`s vasukfa fazzkr nb nf saiuanb anbtn ncnop cnopff` Jn khunrj` kf abe`ron jn sniurajkj hadnrbátahk pkrk Noprnsks mttp3//www.b`odrnjntudkbh`.h`o/ncnopf`, nb fk hukf nf tnxt`  prnsnbtkj` p`r Hash`, qun nstujak f`s jkt`s jn ;,=;5 nbhunstkj`s o`strkj` nb fk pkbtkffk b` h`rrnsp`bjn h`b fk jarnhhaøb rnkf k fk jn Noprnsks nb 45 pkïsns, `ernhn ub kbëfasas jnf pkb`rkok qun hukf h`bjuhn. nb nber ernb nbtk tkb b fk fkss `r `rik ikba bazk zkha ha`b `bns ns oës oës pnqu pnqunû nûks ks nb nf tn tnok ok jn @tr` ncnopf` pkrk nbhudrar nbfkhns ns nf jn utafazkr jarnhha`bns sniurajkj, y quá rnh`onbjkha`bns ` khha`bns jndnb sniuar nstks qun h`b h`btnb tnbikb ikb nf hkrëht hkrëhtnr nr krr`dk krr`dk33 G, pkr pkrkk p`s p`stnr tnra`r a`ronb onbtn tn `rikbazkha`bns pkrk ktnbjnrf` jn ubk okbnrk oës nenhtavk.  prniubtkr nf b`odrn jn usukra` y h`btrksnûk (h`btrkra` k f`s nstëbjkrns). @tr`s abtnbt`s jn pmasmabi pmasmabi utafazk utafazkb b h`okb h`okbj`s j`s nb Ckvk CkvkXhrap Xhrapts ts  pkrk kftnrkr fk dkrrk jn jarnhha`bns. Nst` sn mkhn p`banbj` ubk aoki aokinb nb jn fk ^T ^TF F jn fk nbta nbtajk jkj j fnik fnikff s`dr s`drnn fk dk dkrr rrkk jn jarnhh jarnhha`b a`bns, ns, ` hnr hnrrkb rkbj` j` fk dkrrk dkrrk jn jarnhh jarnhha`b a`bns ns `raiabk `raiabkff y

 

h`opfnonbt`s, o`strkr vnbtkbks nonrinbtns, h`o` tkodaáb nb nf rnjaraiar k hukfquanr ^TF. Kjnoës, tkodaáb punjnb mkhnr qun fks vïhtaoks jnshkriunb kfiób tap` jn okfwkrn ` hukfquanr pr`irkok okfaha`s`. •  MksmHkt3 Mksmhkt  punjn   punjn hrkhlnkr hksa hukfquanr tap` jn mksm. Zanbn Zan bn j`s vkr vkrakb akbtns tns h`b j`s kfi`ra kfi`rato`s to`s jaenr jaenrnbt nbtns, ns, ub` ns nf hrk hrkqun qun` ` jn HW^, HW^, `tr `tr` ` ns nf hrkqun hrkqun` ` jn IW^. IW^. Kfi`ra Kfi`rato` to` jn hrkqun` jn IW^, @hfMksmHkt ns oës rëpaj` qun nf hrkhln` jn fk HW^ trkjaha`bkf p`rqun fk IW^ tanbn jnoksakj`s bóonr`s jn bóhfn`s. bóhfn `s. @hfMksmhkt @hfMksmhkt utafazk oufta-h`rn oufta-h`rn pkrk hrkhlnkr hrkhlnkr oafns jn mksm nb onb`s jn ub sniubj`. Nstk p`jnr`sk mnrrkoanbtk pkrk ^b jkt` rnfnvkbtn jnf abe`ron ns qun nf >8% jn f`s nbhunstkj`s jnshaerkr mksm punjn snr ouy ótaf hukbj` fk usks h`b ubk fastk jn nxpnra nxp nraonb onbtø tø ub ktk ktkqun qun.. Nst` Nst` k onb onbuj` uj` tanbnb tanbnb ub aop aopkht kht` `  pkfkdrks pnrs`bkfazkjk ` ub ktkqun jn eunrzk drutk. eabk eabkbh bhan anr` r` jurk jurkjn jnr` r` nb ubk ubk no nopr prns nsk, k, ksï ksï h` h`o` o` f`s ikst ikst`s `s mnrrkoanbtks tks oës p`jnr`sk p`jnr`skss pkrk pkrk ks`hakj`s pkrk faopakr ` nfaoabkr f`s jkû`s `hksa`bkj`s. `tr` jn •  DnttnrHkp3 Ns ubk jn fks mnrrkoanb f`s jkt`s krr`ckj`s p`r nf abe`ron ns qun f`s oøvafns s`b f`s  p`jnr rnkfazkr vkra`s tap`s jn ktkquns Okb-Ab-Zmn-Oajjfn., nb nf oës ktk ktkhk hkj`s j`s,, pnr` pnr` nb h`b h`btr` tr`vnr vnrsak sak s`b f`s oës jaeïha jaeïhafns fns jn hukf sn punjn okbapufkr nf trëeah` MZZW, MZZWX y ZHW nb tanop` rnkf, h`o` tkodaáb nf jn dushkr hrnjnbhakfns, nbtrn `tr`s.  pr`tninr. punjn jn jnhar jnhar qun nstk mnrrko mnrrkoanb anbtk tk Dnttnr DnttnrHkp Hkp ns fk vnrsaø vnrsaøb b Fks noprnsks khtukfonbtn nstëb h`bsajnrkbj` fk kj`phaøb jn Xn pun onc`rkjk jn fk `trk mnrrkoanbtk qun ns ffkokjk Nttnrhkp, nf hukf snrvaha`s jn kfokhnbkoanbt` nb fk budn, yk qun nst` mk tnbaj` ns `trk `trk mnrr mnrrko koan anbt btkk ouy p`pu p`pufk fkrr pk pkrk rk f` f`ss kt ktkq kqun unss OAON OAON.. ub kuonbt` saibaeahktav` nb f`s óftao`s kû`s.\:_ Kjnoës, fk mnrrkoanbtk DnttnrHkp tanbn fk hkpkhajkj jn jnshaerkr   Ktkqun pmasmabi  XXF/ZFX, MXZX, MXZX prnhkrikj`s. Zkodaáb utafazk XXFstrap+ y nf snrvaj` snrvaj`rr JBX (jbs4p (jbs4pr`x r`xy) y) pkr pkrkk p`j p`jnr nr aopfno aopfnonbt nbtkr kr fk Ajnbtaeahkhaøb jn fks mnrrkoanbtks y f`s pr`hns`s nb ub ktkqun jnr jnravk avkhaø haøb b pkr pkrhak hakff jn MXZX. MXZX. Fks h`bnxa h`bnxa`bn `bnss XXF/ZF XXF/ZFX X nstëb nstëb  pmasmabi tnroabkjks., K h`btabukhaøb, sn ajnbtaeahkrë fk saiuanbtn mnrrkoanbtk ffkokjk jnsh jnshnb nbjn jnbtn btn pnr` nb nbtr trnnmky nf hanrtks hf hfan anbtn btnpr`dfnoëtahks, y nf mk mkhl hlnr nr nf b`hukf usk uskfknfh`bnxaøb ha haer erkj kj` ` Dfkhl Nyn, nf hukf ns ubk mnrrkoanbtk irktuatk pkrk mkhlnkr h`b XXF/ZFX y pnrokbnhn jnshaerkjk.  pmasmabi y ns ubk jn fks oës h`opfntks mkstk km`rk, nf hukf h`btanbn 89 pfkbtaffks wnd+; pnrs`bkfazkdfns, h`b fk eubhaøb jn K h`btabukhaøb, nbh`btrko`s kfiub`s pks`s pkrk nvatkr ub ktkqun rnh`pafkr abe`rokhaøb jn AW y udahkhaøb saopfnonbtn mkhanbj` jn pmasmabi, f`s hukfns s`b3 hfah nb nf nbf nbfkhn khn.. Kjn Kjnoës oës,, kjo kjoatn atn fks vnr vnrsa` sa`bns bns oøvafn oøvafns, s, y tkodaáb kjoatn pfkbtaffks jn kfiub`s sata`s wnd qun s`b ub p`h` • @dsnrvkr jn e`rok jntkffkjk fks ^TF nb f`s nbfkhns jn h`rrn` h`opfah h`o pfahkj` kj`ss jn hf` hf`bkr bkr,, b` `dstkb `dstkbtn, tn, b` ns h`o h`opkt pktadfn adfn h`b nfnhtrøbah`3  Wkrk nstn praonr pks`, sn jndn rnvaskr f`s h`rrn`s kfiubks mnrrkoanbtks. nfnhtrøbah`s qun s`b nbvakj`s jn `trks pnrs`bks k fk dkbjnck jn @trk mnrrkoanbtk abtnrnskbtn ns fk  X`hakf Nbiabnnr Z``flat3 nstk nbtrkjk, nf hukf mky o`onbt`s qun sn kjcubtkb nbfkhns, pnr` kbtns mnrrk mnr rkoanb oanbtk tk nst nstëë jas jasnûk nûkjk jk pkr pkrkk rn rnkfaz kfazkr kr ktk ktkqun qunss kvk kvkbzk bzkj`s j`s jn khhnjnr, sn jndn pkskr nf hurs`r p`r nbhaok, h`b nf `dcntav` jn h` h`btr btrkk fks fks vufb vufbnr nrkd kdafa afajk jkjn jnss jn ub ubkk pnrs pnrs`b `bk. k. F`s F`s oá oát`j t`j`s `s vnr fk ^TF h`opfntk y nf jn p`jnr skdnr sa ns kutábtah` ` b` f` ns. abtnirkj`s nb nf lat jn mnrrkoanbtks nstëb jasnûkj`s pkrk snr  Kjnoës, sn jndn tnbnr nb hunbtk qun kf vnr ub hkbjkj` kf abaha` ` jaenrnbtns ktkquns qun nstëb jaraiaj`s y nbe`hkj`s h`btrk ubk nf pr`t`h pr`t`h`f` `f` ‖MZ ‖MZWWX WWX‟‟ b` ns ikr ikrkbt kbtïk ïk jn kutnbt kutnbtaha ahajkj jkj.. Xa ub`  pnrs`bk (vïhtaok), ubk noprnsk u `rikbazkhaøb utafazkjk utaf azkjk jurkbtn ubk ubk pr prun undk dk jn pnbn pnbntr trkh khaø aøb, b, nb nf qun qun abhf abhfuy uynn pm pmasm asmabi abi,, nfaoabkr h`o` usukra` b` nstë jn nst`, f` qun jndn mkhnrp`r  ns nf nbfkhn y nfsniur` jn khhnjnr kf sata` wndsnhkpturkbj` rnh`pafkhaøb jn abe`rokhaøb, hf`bkhaøb jn jkt`s, nbtrn `trks. h`opfnt` nf nbfkhn nb nf bkvnikj`r jn prnenrnbhak. Kfiub Kfi ubks ks jn fk fkss mnrr mnrrko koan anbt btks ks XN XNZ Z oës oës p` p`pu pufk fkrn rnss s`b s`b f`s f`s • Zyp`squkttabi3 Nstn sn rneanrn kf us` jn j`oaba`s pkrnhaj`s kf saiuanbtns3 snrvaha` fniïtao` k f`s qun jahnb pnrtnbnhnr, pnr` qun k fk vnz • Ktkqun Okb ab tmn Oajjfn. tanbn abtnbsa`bns okfaha`sks. Qk qun p`r f` inbnrkf f`s mkhlnrs jn • Xpnkr-Wmasamabi Kttkhl Unht`r. s`odrnr` bnir`, irasns y kfiub`s hrkhlnrs, h`o` tkodaáb kfiub`s • Ckvk Kppfnt Kttkhl Unht`r abinbanr`s s`hakfns utafazkb fk ^TF jn ubk noprnsk aop`rtkbtn, y • Ontkspf`at Dr`wsnr Nxpf`at Ontm`j. s`f` fn hkodakb ubk fntrk ` ub bóonr`, h`b nf `dcntav` jn nbikûkr  • Hrnjnbhakf Mkrvnstnr Kttkhl Ontm`j. k fk oky` oky`rï rïkk jn f` f`ss usuk usukra ra`s `s.. Ns rn rnh` h`on onbj bjkd kdfn fn rn rnvas vaskr kr fk • Oát`j` jn ktkqun Zkdbkddabi. `rt`irkeïk jn fks ^TFs. • Abenhta`us Onjak Inbnrkt`r. • ^tafazkr h`btrksnûks sniurks3 Nb nstn pks`, ns rnh`onbjkdfn  pkrk f`s usukra`s nf jn hrnkr, utafazkr h`btrksnûks h`opfahkjks,  Dr`wsnr Nxpf`atkta`b Erkonw`rl (DnNE)3  kbtn t`j`, nb f`s h`o`, p`r ncnopf`3 oKraK;1=9G#&/=9. sata`s wnd mky hanrtks vufbnrkdafajkjns, h`o` f` s`b3 ]XX, nf •  B` kdrar nokafs qun b` sn mkyk s`fahatkj`3  Kbtns jn kdrar ub hu hukf kf ns ubk ubk jn fk fkss vufbn vufbnrk rkda dafaj fajkj kjns ns oës oës h` h`oub oubns ns nb fks fks h`rrn` nfnhtrøbah`, sn jndn vnraeahkr sa mky kfiubk kfnrtk s`drn jaenrnbtns kpfahkha`bns wnd. DnNE (Erkonw`rl jn nxpf`tkhaøb kfiób ktkqun jn pmasmabi jn fk noprnsk u `rikbazkhaøb qun f` jnf bkvnikj`r) sn utafazk pkrk p`jnr nxpf`tkr ubk vufbnrkdafajkj nbvïk. Xa jnsh`beïks, s`f` jndns ffkokr k fk noprnsk y nf jn ]XX y, kjnoës, sn hnbtrk nb f`s ktkquns jnf fkj` jnf hfanbtn ‘  rnkfazkr fks prniubtks h`rrnsp`bjanbtns. usukra`. ^bk vnz rnkfazkj` fk nxpf`tkhaøb h`b nstk mnrrkoanbtk •  B` mkiks hfah nb f`s nbfkhns jn f`s nokafs3 W`r f` inbnrkf ub nb ub sata` wnd, f`s usukra`s jn nsn sata` wnd sn h`bvanrtnb nb ktkqun jn pmasmabi jnshkrik vkra`s tap`s jn okfwkrn k trkvás jn vïhtaoks y nf bkvnikj`r jn fks vïhtaoks, nf hukf punjnb snr  nbfkhns qun sn mkb kjcubtkj` kf h`rrn` nfnhtrøbah` jnf usukra`, h`bt h`btrr`fk `fkj`s j`s p`r p`r nf Dn DnNE NE.. ^b mkhl mkhlnnr pun punjn abs abstkfk tkfkr  r 

 

h`o` tkodaáb nb f`s nbfkhns jn onbskcns jn rnjns s`hakfns, onbskcns jn YmktsKpp, nth. •  B` jnshkrikr eahmnr`s kjcubt`s3  Kf aiukf qun nb f`s nbfkhns, sn jndnrë tnbnr ouhmk prn`hupkhaøb kf jnshkrikr f`s eahmnr`s kjcubt`s nb fks rnjns s`hakfns, nb f`s nokafs, y nb nf YmktsKpp. • H`btkr h`b ub pr`irkok jn e`rokhaøb kbtapmasmabi 3 Nstn  pks` ns nb fk pkrtn j`bjn sn kpfahk k fks onjakbks y irkbjns noprnsks, nb j`bjn sn hrnk h`bhanbhak nb f`s trkdkckj`rns s`drn sniurajkj abe`roëtahk, nb fk pkrtn jn abinbanrïk s`hakf y sus

noprnsk u `rikbazkhaøb yk h`beaiurkj`, k pkrtar jn abstkfkha`bns faopaks pnr` qun tkodaáb sn punjkb uskrsn nb nquap`s h`b jkt`s yk abhfuaj`s, k eab jn rnkfazkr fks jaenrnbtns rnhupnrkha`bns jn e` e`ro rokk oë oëss rëpa pajk jk y snbh snbhaf affk fk nb ub hks ks` ` jn jkû` jkû` nb fk h`oputkj`rk. Kjnoës, f`s sastnoks `pnrktav`s h`o` Yabj`ws 9, Yabj`ws =, =.; y Yabj`ws ;7, abhfuynb mnrrkoanbtks pkrk fk nfkd`rkhaøb jn nstn tap` jn rnspkfj`. e).  Haerkj` jn pkrtaha`bns3  rnkfazkr ub haerkj` jn pkrtaha`bns pkrk mkhnr afniadfn fk abe`rokhaøb h`btnbajk nb nstks, p`r onja` jn kfiub` kfiub`ss kfi`ra kfi`rato`s to`s oktnoët oktnoëtah` ah`ss saoátrah saoátrah`s, `s, ksa ksaoátr oátrah` ah`ss `

h`bsnhunbhaks. tkodaáb tkodaá b mïdraj`s, mïdraj`s, ns rnh`onbjk rnh`onbjkdfn dfn mkhnrf` mkhnrf` nb t`j`s f`s nquap` nquap`ss • Hkodak su h`btrksnûk jn abonjakt`3   Xï nb nf hks` jn qun  p`rtëtafns y jn nshrat`ra` jn fk noprnsk. jnpkrtkonbt` jn abe`roëtahk abe`roëtahk jndn hrnkr  hkai hkaiks ks nb ub ktkq ktkqun un jn pmas pmasma mabi bi b` jujn jujnss nb hkod hkodak akrr tu i).  Kutnbtahkhaøb3  nf jnpkrtkonbt` usukr kra`s a`s y h`btrk h`btrksnû snûks ks sni sniurk urks, s, b` s`f` s`f` pkrk pkrk nf khhns` khhns` k f`s h`btrksnûk, sa nb tkf hks` jn qun tn mkhlnkr`b nb tu hunbtk jn usu sastnokss `pnrkt `pnrktav`s av`s,, sa b`, k fks rnjns jn jkt`s, jkt`s, sastnoks sastnoks jn km`rr`s, jndns h`oubahkrtn h`b tu nbtajkj dkbhkrak, pkrk qun sastnok abe`rokhaøb k fk DA@X jn hkjk h`oputkj`r jn fk noprnsk. Xn rnkfahnb fks khha`bns h`rrnsp`bjanbtns.\>_ jndn tnbnr nb hunbtk fk f`biatuj jn fks h`btrksnûks nstks jndnb snr  kfe kfekbu kbuoár oárahk ahks, s, hkjuh hkjuhajk ajkj j (k (ksaib saibkrf krfns ns fïoatns fïoatns jn tan tanop` op`)) y fk h`opfn h`o pfncajk cajkj j jn fks h`b h`btrk trksnû snûks ks jn khhns` khhns` ktn ktnbja bjanbj nbj` ` k fks H`o` prnvnbar fk abinbanrïk s`hakf (pmasmabi  ) rn rnh` h`on onbj bjkh kha`b a`bns ns qu qunn pkrk pkrk nf nff` f` nx nxas astn tnb b nb b` b`ro roks ks ` iuïk iuïkss   Ns aop`rtkbtn tnbnr nb hunbtk qun pkrk fks táhbahks jn ktkquns abtnrbkha`bkfns jn sniurajkj jn fk abe`rokhaøb.\5_  pmasmabi b` nxastn ubk s`fuhaøb neahkz qun f`irn nfaoabkr p`r  h`opfnt` nstn tap` jn konbkzk, f` qun sn punjn mkhnr ns t`okr  Ns aop`rtkbtn tnbnr hfkr` fk h`bhanbtazkhaøb jn f`s usukra`s nb nf tnhb`f`iïkss jn abe`rokhaø abe`rokhaøb, b, h`o` rnsp`bskdfn rnsp`bskdfnss jnf onjajks jn sniurajkj qun kyujkb k oataikr nf aopkht` jn nstn us` jn fks tnhb`f`iïk jnpkrtkonbt` jn abe`roëtahk y, kób oës nb fk pkrtn jn rnkfazkr fks kbtn fks noprnsks. Nxastnb onjajks jn mkrjwkrn, s`etwkrn y ubk jn fks qun b`s jaenrnbtns hkopkûks jn hkpkhatkhaøb y h`bhanbtazkhaøb khnrhk jn  pkrnhn oës aop`rtkbtn ns jn aopfnonbtkr p`fïtahks jn sniurajkj t`j`s f`s tnoks jn khtukfajkj jn ZA y jn fk sniurajkj abe`roëtahk.  pkrk nstn tap` jn konbkzks, kjnoës jn rnkfazkr hkpkhatkha`bns kf k).  Hrnkr Hrnkr h`btrk h`btrksnû snûks ks h`o h`opfn pfncks cks,, yk qun inbnrk inbnrkfon fonbtn btn f`s  pnrs`bkf y saoufkhr`s pkrk nvatkr nst`s ktkquns.\>_ usuk usukra ra`s `s uta utafaz fazkb kb nf bóon bóonr` r` jn ajn ajnbt btae aeah ahkh khaø aøb, b, jndn jndnb b sn snr  r  kfekbuoára kfekb uoárahks hks y sn jndnb jndn b hkodak hkodakr r pnraøjahkon pnraø jahkonbtn, btn, h`o`, p`r   Onjajks pkrk h`btrkrrnstkr nf pmasmabi nb f`s snht`rns ncnopf`3 Enr;11>G#$G49. noprnskrakfns3 • Hkodak fks h`btrksnûks hkjk trns ` snas onsns Nstks onjajks s`b pkrk f`s táhbah`s jn fks noprnsks, f`s hukfns • ^tafazkr h`btrksnûks jaenrnbtns pkrk hkjk pfktke`rok `bfabn qun s`b f`s nbhk nbhkrikj` rikj`ss jnf eubha`bkoa eubha`bkoanbt` nbt` jnf jnpkr jnpkrtkonbt tkonbt` ` jn sn utafahn. • Nvat Nvatkk h`btrk h`btrksnû snûks ks eëh eëhafns afns jn kja kjavab vabkr kr (Nstk (Nstk pëiabk pëiabk tn punjn punjn tnhb`f`iïk jn abe`rokhaøb. k y u j k r k i n b n r k r h ` b t r k s n û k s j n k f t k s n i u rajkj3 k).  Aopfno Aopfnonbtkr nbtkr mnrrkoanbtks mnrrkoanbtks jn s`etwk s`etwkrn rn pkrk pr`tn pr`tninr inr fks rnjnss h`b kbtava rnjn kbtavarus, rus, kbta-p kbta-pmasmab masmabi, i, kbtasp kbtaspywkrn ywkrn,, sastn sastnoks oks jn mttps3//fkstpkss.h`o).  pr`tnhhaøb t`tkf, kbtaspko h`b eubha`bkfajkjns jn skbjd`xabi (sn (sn hrnk hrnk ub nb nbt`r t`rb` b` sn sniu iur` r`,, b` pnro pnroatn atn abst abstkf kfkr kr s`et s`etwk wkrn rn d). Kprnbjnr k ajnbtaeahkr f`s h`rrn`s nfnhtrøbah`s jn pmasmabi, nf okfaha`s`). H`b nstks mnrrkoanbtks sn hrnkb hkpks jn sniurajkj, hu hukf kf nx nxas astn tnb b kf kfiu iubk bkss abtnbt`s pkut pkutks ks ky nstuja`s tn tnbn bnrr nbsnhu hunb nbtk tk pkrk pkrk p`jn p` jnr  r  ajnbtaeahkrf`s. Ouhm`s mkb rnkfazkj` pkrk qun nvatkb qun nstk konbkzk ffniun k bunstr`s trkdkckj`rns. mkhnr nr ern ernbtn btn k ktk ktkqun qunss jn pmasmab pmasmabi i y sn mkb hrnkj` hrnkj` ouhmks ouhmks d). Aopfnonbtkr mnrrkoanbtks jn mkrjwkrn h`o` f` s`b earnwkff mkh s`fuha`bns jaenrnbtns pkrk fk jntnhhaøb jn nff`s, h`o` nf snff` jn ^ZO,, r`u ^ZO r`utnr tnrss y pr` pr`xy, xy, h`b ubk aopf aopfnon nonbtk btkhaø haøb b jn dun dunbks bks abaha` a` jn snsaøb snsaøb , smnnrk smnnrko o jnskr jnskrr`f r`ff` f` jn ub sas sastnok tnok nxpnr nxpnrt` t`  p`fïtahks, h`b nf `dcntav` jn ikrkbtazkr fk jntnhhaøb jn vïbhuf`s abah  dkskj` nb fks hkrkhtnrïstahks jn fks pëiabks wnd pkrk jntnhtkr  okfaha`s`s. inbátah` ` dksk dkskj` j` nb táhbahks h).  Tnkfaz Tnkfazkr kr saoufkhr` saoufkhr`ss h`b f`s trkdkckj`r trkdkckj`rns ns jn fk h`opk h`opkûïk, ûïk, sata`s wnd jn pmasmabi, kfi`rato` inbátah kbta-pmasmabi Hmnb, jntnhhaøb jn ktkquns jn pma pmasmabi smabi dkskj` nb fk sa saou oufk fkj` j` ub kt ktkq kqun un ea eaht htah aha` a` jn pmas pmasma mabi bi y funi funi` ` mkhn mkhnr  r  hktni`raz razkha khaøb øb jn nbf nbfkh khns ns Kta Ktaimn imnthm thmaa & Wkf, prn prnvnb vnbhaø haøb b jn rntr`kfaonbtkhaøb nb nf saoufkhr` rnkfazkj`, tnbanbj` nb hunbtk hktni` ktkquns jn pmasmabi dkskjk nb ktradut`s Jubf`p nt kf, h`btnbaj` f`s pubt`s vufbnrkdfns y h`rr`d`rkr f`s jnoës pubt`s. Tnh`onbjkh nbjkha`bns a`bns k f`s trkdkckj`r trkdkckj`rns ns nb kirnikr k ekv` ekv`rat`s rat`s  dkskj` nb kbtapmasmabi Oasmrk & Ikurkv, h`ber`btkhaøb k f`s j).  Tnh`o ktkquns ns jn pmasmabi pmasmabi p`r fk ajnbtaeahkh ajnbtaeahkhaøb aøb jn j`s ntkpks Fau nt kf, f`s sata`s wnd jn h`beakbzk qun s`b utafazkj`s k jakra`, h`o` ktkqu jntnhhaøb haøb jn pëiabks pëiabks pmasmabi pmasmabi dkskj dkskjkk nb rnfkha`bns rnfkha`bns ks`hakjk ks`hakjkss tkodaáb jn mkhnr sniuaoanbt` k fks pnrs`bks qun sn khkdkb jn jntnh h`b`hn h`b `hnrr nb fks rnjns rnjns s`hak s`hakfns fns,, h`o`, h`o`, tkod tkodaáb aáb keunr keunrkk jn sus Tnjjy nt kf, us` jn kfi`rato`s jn oabnrïk jn jkt`s. Z`jks fks táhbah bahks ks onbha` onbha`bkj bkjks ks sn hnb hnbtrk trkb b nb jnt jntnh nhtkr tkr y h`btrk h`btrkrrn rrnstk stkr  r  `eahabks y jnbtr` jn nstks oasoks, jn rnkfazkrfns ub sniuaoanbt` táh ktkquns jn pmasmabi. Kf oaso` tanop`, pkrk fk ajnbtaeahkhaøb y sab nbtrkr k su pravkhajkj. Wnr`, kjnoës, nb nsk abvnstaikhaøb  prnvnbhaøb jn ktkquns jn pmasmabi ns bnhnskra` h`b`hnr su qun sn punjn rnkfazkr k fks pnrs`bks y k f`s sata`s wnd, sn punjn `dtnbnr abe`rokhaøb h`beajnbhakf jn h`b quanb sn vk rnfkha`bkr  pnra`jahajkj pkrk ffnvkr k hkd` nf kbëfasas jntkffkj` jn nstn tap` jn ` k qun sata` wnd vk k abirnskr y ksï h`b nf `dcntav` jn nvatkr  ktkquns. Nxas Nxastn tnb b sa sata` ta`ss kb kbtap tapmas masma mabi bi qun qun kb kbkf kfaz azkb kb nb ‖t ‖tan anop op` ` rn rnkf kf‟‟ euiks jn abe`rokhaøb pravkjk jnbtr` y eunrk jn fk noprnsk. hukfquanr ^TF s`fahatkj` p`r f`s usukra`s, pkrk h`opr`dkr f`s n).   Aokinb jnf sastnok3 ns rnh`on rnh`onbjk bjkdfn dfn rnkfazk rnkfazkrr rá rápfah pfahks ks nxkhtks jn f`s jash`s jur`s jn f`s nquap`s jn høoput` jn fk ransi`s jn pmasmabi uskbj` hanbt`s jn fks ‖eubha`bns‟ jnf sata`.

 

Nstk Nstkss eu eubh bha` a`bn bnss nv nvkf kfók ókb b nf h` h`bt btnb nbaj aj` ` jn fk pëia pëiabk bk,, fk abe`ro abe`rokha khaøb øb jn rnp rnputk utkhaø haøb b jnf j`o j`oaba` aba`,, kjn kjnoës oës jn ouhm`s ouhm`s `tr`s `tr`s ekht` ekht`rns rns.. Nf kprnbj kprnbjazk azkcn cn onhkba onhkbazkj zkj` ` p`r abtnfain abtnfainbha bhakk krtaeahakf jntnroabk huëfns s`b fks eubha`bns saibaeahktavks pkrk hkjk ^TF rnvaskjk rnvaskjk y nf pns` qun sn jndn kpfahk kpfahkrr k hkjk ubk jn nffks nb fk hfksaeahkhaøb. ^b onhkbaso` qun sn mk pr`punst` pkrk rnjuhar f`s h`rrn`s jn  pmasmabi nb tanop` rnkf ns nf oát`j` jnb`oabkj` ADH (Abtnffainbt Dksnj Hfkssaeahkta`b), nf hukf utafazk ub kfi`rato` jn eaft eaftrkj rkj` ` y hfk hfksae saeahk ahkhaø haøb b abtnfain abtnfainbtn btn qun jnt jntnh nhtk tk f`s h`r h`rrn rn`s `s

nth. j). B` mkhnr hfahl k f`s nbfkhns qun ffnikb kf h`rrn` nfnhtrøbah` h`o` kjcubt`. • Znhfnk jarnhtkonbtn fk jarnhhaøb wnd nb tu bkvnikj`r ` utafazk okrhkj`rns/ekv`rat`s sa quanrns ar oës rëpaj`. • Znbnr Znbnr nb hunbtk hunbtk fks nxt nxtnbs nbsa`b a`bns ns jn j`o j`oaba aba` ` jae jaenrn nrnbtn btns. s. ` Unraeahkr nxmkustavkonbtn fk kpkranbhak jnf sata` wnd, f`i`tap`s, nrr`rns `rt`irëeah`s, nbtrn `tr`s.

nfnhtr nfnhtrøba øbah`s h`s jn pma pmasma smabi bi p`r sus sus pr` pr`pak pakss hkr hkrkht khtnrï nrïstah stahks. ks. Nf n).  Abtr`juhar f`s jkt`s h`beajnbhakfns óbahkonbtn nb fks wnds kfi`rato` jn hfksaeahkhaøb jntnhtk ktkquns jn pmasmabi y pr`tnin sniurks. k f`s usukra`s jn f`s nbfkhns p`h` eakdfns, onbskcns abstkbtëbn`s • Mkb jn nopnzkr p`r ”mttps3//‑ y jndn kpkrnhnr nb tu bkvnikj`r  y pëiabks wnd, kjnoës, punjn jntnhtkr mkstk ub 15% jn f`s nf ah`b` jn ub pnqunû` hkbjkj` hnrrkj`. ktkquns jn pmasmabi nb tanop` rnkf. e). B` jns jnshkr hkrikr ikr krh krhmav mav`s `s kjc kjcubt` ubt`ss punjnb punjnb tnbnr tnbnr okf okfwkr wkrnn ` @trk kftnrbktavk nb fk abvnstaikhaøb jn f`s ktkquns jn pmasmabi ns  pr`irkoks pkrk r`dkrb`s abe`rokhaøb. abe`rokhaøb. fk kpfahkhaøb jn fk tn`rïk jnf hk`s. Fk ont`j`f`iïk jkjk mk nb nbh` h`bt btrk rkj` j` ko kopf pfak ak kp kpfah fahkh khaø aøb b nb fk abvn abvnst staik aikha haøb øb jn f`s f`s i). Tnvask pnraøjahkonbtn fks hunbtks jnf dkbh`, yk qun p`jno`s h`btnbaj`s jn abe`rokhaøb rnfkha`bkjk h`b jkt`s s`drn nf trëeah` snr dfkbh` jn ub r`d` sab jkrb`s hunbtk. jn fks rnjns abe`roëtahks. Wnr`, h`o` sn mk jahm` kbtns, nf kb kbëf ëfasa asass y fk abv abvns nstai taikh khaø aøb b jn f`s ktkq ktkqun unss jn pmas pmasma mabi bi sn m). Nvatkr pudfahkr bunstr`s jkt`s pnrs`bkfns nb sata`s pódfah`s, nb h`opfah h`o pfahkb kb p`r j`s o`t o`tav` av`s3 s3 pra praonr onr`, `, fk nsh nshksk ksk abe`ro abe`rokha khaøb øb e`r`s, rnjns nth. khnr khnrhk hk jn tk tkfn fnss ktkq ktkqun uns, s, y sn sniu iubj bj`, `, fk h` h`op opfn fncaj cajkj kj nb fk rnhnphaøb jn fk h`rrnsp`bjanbtn abe`rokhaøb s`drn pmasmabi. Xab a).  Abeøro Abeøroktn ktn h`bstk h`bstkbtn btnonb onbtn tn khnrhk khnrhk jn f`s tap` tap`ss jn ktk ktkqun qunss nodkri`, jnsjn nf pubt` jn vastk jn fk abvnstaikhaøb jn f`s khtukfns y nf o`jus `pnrkbja jn f`s jnfabhunbtns. ktkq ktkqun unss jn pmasm pmasmabi abi,, h` h`o` o` rn rnif ifkk inbn inbnrk rkf, f, mk mky y jkt`s jkt`s qu qunn hkrk hkrkht htnr nrazk azkb b k fk hkbta hkbtajk jkj j jakr jakrak ak jn ktkq ktkqun unss pkjn pkjnha haj` j`ss `  c). B` h`beïns jn f`s h`bstkbtns kbubha`s jn I``ifn. ajn ajnbt btae aeah ahkj kj`s `s.. Zkfn Zkfnss jk jkt`s t`s,, kf onb` onb`s, s, pnro pnroatn atnb b cuzi cuzikr kr fk hkpkhajkj jn ktkquns k pkrtar jn su rnhëfhuf` jakra` k jurkbtn ub l).  B` h` h`op opkr krtar tar ab abe` e`ro rokh khaø aøb b h` h`b b t` t`j` j` nf oubj` oubj`33 b` ns  pnra`j` jn tanop`. W`r f` tkbt`, nb su h`bcubt`, ns p`sadfn rn rnh` h`on onbj bjkd kdfn fn h` h`opk opkrt rtar ar fk abe abe`r `rok okha haøb øb h` h`be beaj ajnb nbha hakf kf h` h`b b ajnbtaeahkr nf hkoda` jn fk hkpkhajkj jn ktkquns jn pmasmabi nb hu hukf kfqu quan anrr pnrs pnrs`b `bkk qun qun sn fns fns hr hruh uhnn nb nf hkoab hkoab`, `, sa sn nstë nstë ub pnra`j` jn tanop` qun pnroatn ksaibkr vkf`rns jn abhajnbhak trkdkckbj` nb ubk noprnsk s`f` sn jndn h`opkrtar fk abe`rokhaøb ` abtn abtnbs bsaj ajkj kj jn nst`s nst`s ktkq ktkqun unss nb hanr hanrt` t`ss abtn abtnrv rvkf kf`s `s,, ` su h`beajnbhakf h`b f`s jarnhtav`s ` cnens jn fk noprnsk, k sa sn f`irk ubae`roajkj. ubae`r oajkj. Jn nstk okbnrk, tkfns h`bh h`bhfusa`bn fusa`bnss punjn punjnb b snr  qun fk abe`rokhaøb nstá oës pr`tniajk y ksï fk noprnsk snk onb`s ótafns pkrk fk p`stnra`r prnjahhaøb vufbnrkdfn k f`s jaenrnbtns tap`s jn ktkquns abe`roëtah`s. • ^tafazkb b`odrns y kj`ptkb fk aokinb jn noprnsks rnkfns ` Ffnvkb h`o` rnoatnbtn nf b`odrn jn fk noprnsk ` nf jn ub f).  B` tnbnr tnbnr oanj` oanj` jn kon konbkz bkzks3 ks3 fks pnrs`b pnrs`bks ks b` jndno` jndno`ss nopfnkj` rnkf jn fk noprnsk. jnckrb`s abtaoajkr p`r konbkzks rnhadajks yk snk k trkvás jn rnjns • Abhfuynb wnds qun vasukfonbtn s`b aiukfns k fks jn noprnsks s`hak s`hakfns fns ` pnrs`bkfon pnrs`bkfonbtn. btn. Ouhm`s Ouhm`s jnfabh jnfabhunbtns unbtns abe`roëtah` abe`roëtah`ss rnkfns ` H`o` ikbhm` utafazkb rnikf`s ` fk pnrjajk jn fk pr`pak utafazkb hanrt`s nfnonbt`s ` abe`rokhaøb a be`rokhaøb h`beajnbhakf r`dkjk, pkrk k j`bjn sus vïhtaoks y ffnvkrfks k mkhnr kfi` nb h`btrk jn su •hunbtk Nxastnnxastnbtn. ubk s`fahatuj jn abe`rokhaøb pnrs`bkf ` jn fk noprnsk, ksustkr v`fubtkj, fks pnrs`bks tnroabkb mkhaábj`f` s`f` p`r tno`r. tkf h`o` bóonr`s jn ajnbtae ajnbtaeahkhaø ahkhaøb, b, abe`r abe`rokhaøb okhaøb eabkbhanr eabkbhanrk, k, Xa sn sanbtn ktno`razkj` p`r kfiubk konbkzk, pajk kyujk k fks hfkvnss usukr hfkvn usukra`s a`s nbtrn `trks `trks., ., kjnoës, kjnoës, ns aop`rtkbtn tnbnr nb kut`rajkjns p`fahakfns ` huábtnfn k kfiubk pnrs`bk jn h`beakbzk hunbtk hun btk qun fks h`o h`ouba ubahkh hkha`bn a`bnss `eahak `eahakfns fns p`r f` inb inbnr nrkf, kf, b`  pkrk qun nstn fn kyujn.\5_ s`f s`fahat ahatkb kb abe abe`ro `rokha khaøb øb pnr pnrs`b s`bkf kf jnf usu usukra kra` ` nb e`rok e`rok jn ub h`rrn` h`rr n` nfnhtrøbah`. nfnhtrøbah`. ` Nf onbskcn onbskcn ns abnspnrk abnspnrkj` j` y b` s`faha s`fahatkj`. tkj`. Xa nb kfi kfiób ób o`onbt o`onbt` ` rnh rnhadn adn ub h`rrn` h`rrn` nfnhtrøba nfnhtrøbah` h` jn ubk nb nbtaj tajkj kj ` jn ubk ubk pnrs pnrs`b `bkk qun qun rk rkrk rk vn vnzz tr trkt ktk, k, h`bs h`bsaj ajnr nrkk fk  p`sadafajkj jn nstk s`spnhm`sk jn h`rrn` nfnhtrøbah`.

H@BHF^XA@BNX 

Kf rnkfazkr nstn krtïhuf` jn rnvasaøb khnrhk jn f`s jaenrnbtns tap`s h). Unraeahkr fk eunbtn jn abe`rokhaøb jn f`s h`rrn`s nbtrkbtns. jn ktkquns jn abinbanrïk s`hakf qun sn mkb jkj` nb f`s óftao`s • Fk jarnhhaøb jnf rnoatnbtn b` h`abhajn h`b fk earok nb nf kû`s k bavnf abtnrbkha`bk abtnrbkha`bkf, f, sn puj` `dsnrvkr `dsnrvkr y vasadafazkr vasadafazkr qun onbskcn nb Xï. nxastnb ouhmks ekfnbhaks qun mky ernbtn kf tnok jn fk sniurajkj • Mk Mky y vkra vkra`s `s jnst jnstab abkt ktkr kra` a`ss y s`b s`b jarn jarnhh hha` a`bn bnss kfnk kfnkt`r t`rak aks. s. abe`roëtahk y jn fk abe`rokhaøb, nf hukf sunfnb nshktaokr nb f`s  B`rokfonbtn sn nbvïkb onbskcns h`rp`rktav`s jarnhtkonbtn k f`s jnstabktkra`s abjavajukfns. ` Nb nf skfuj` jnf onbskcn nf jaenrnbtns ikst`s y fk kusnbhak jn hanrtks khtukfazkha`bns nb fk  pkrtn jn fk sniurajkj. b`odrn sn nbhunbtrk nxtrkïj` jn fk jarnhhaøb jn h`rrn`. Jn nstk e`rok sn f`irk nstkdfnhnr qun nf snr muokb` ns ub` jn f`s • Wunjnb ffnikr onbskcns nb jaenrnbtns aja`oks. nsfkd`bns oës jádafns qun mky k fk m`rk jn ncnhutkr ub ktkqun jn • Nf onbskcn ` f`s jkt`s kjcubt`s pajnb qun mkdafatkr okhr`s, abinbanrïk s`hakf, p`r onja` jn kfiubks táhbahks y ont`j`f`iïks, kcustkr fk h`beaiurkhaøb jn sniurajkj, ` abstkfkr kpfahkha`bns. kpfa hkha`bns. nb nf huk hukff sn punjn punjn rnk rnkfazk fazkrr fk supfkb supfkbtkh tkhaøb aøb jn ajn ajnbtaj btajkj kj p`r  • Nf onbskcn h`btanbn nrr`rns. Jn tap` `rt`irëeah`, irkoktahkf onja onja` ` jn ffk ffkok okjk jkss tn tnfn fneø eøbah bahks ks,, h` h`o` o` tk tkod odaá aáb b nspa nspa`b `bkc kcn, n,

 

nspa`bkcn p`r nbhaok jnf m`odr`, y `dsnrvkr fks rutabks jn fks  pnrs`bks, sus iust`s, nbtrn `trks. W`r onja` jn nstn j`huonbt` sn ja` k h`b`hnr fks jaenrnbtns táhbahks jn ktkqun pmasmabi qun nxastnb khtukfonbtn y jn høo` rnkfazkr ub ktkqun h`b abinbanrïk s`hakf, ajnbtaeahkbj` quanbns s`b f`s oës vufbnrkdfns k nst`s tap`s jn ktkquns, h`o` tkodaáb quan quanbn bnss s` s`b b f` f`ss qun qun ncnh ncnhut utkb kb f`s f`s jaen jaenrn rnbtn btnss oát` oát`j` j`ss jn abinbanrïk abinba nrïk s`hakf, pkrk p`jnr f`irkr f`irkr ajnbta ajnbtaeahkr eahkr fks jaenrnbtns jaenrnbtns vufbnrkdafajkjns nb ubk noprnsk, noprnsk, h`o` tkodaáb nb ajnbtaeahkr y jnshradar hukfns s`b f`s `dcntav`s jn f`s abinbanr`s s`hakfns, sus

• H`rr ^sukra ra`s `s kt ktrk rkïj ïj`s `s p`r p`r ub ubkk sn snra rann jn H`rrn`s n`s nfnhtrøba nfnhtrøbah`s h`s3 ^suk nbikû`s ouy saopfns pkrk abirnskr nb javnrs`s sata`s y `dtnbnr su abe`rokhaøb pnrs`bkf. •  Xupfkbtkhaøb jn pëiabks Ynd 3 Xn dksk nb h`oprkr nf j`oaba` jn ubk pëiabk wnd qun sn pkrnzhk ouhm` k fk pëiabk `eahakf y jn nstk e`rok hukbj` fk inbtn abtnbtn khhnjnr k nstn snrvaha` fk abe`rokhaøb sn fn pr`p`rha`bkrk kf kjoabastrkj`r jn nstk pëiabk.

oát`j`s, y jn høo` ikbkrsn fk h`beakbzk jn sus vïhtaoks, yk • Abstkfkhaøb jn okfwkrn okfwkrn3 Kf khhnjnr k ubk pëiabk ` jnshkrikr ub qun b` s`f` onjakbtn nf h`rrn` nfnhtrøbah` p`jno`s suoabastrkr  krhmav` nf nquap` sn abenhtk h`b ub pr`irkok ffkokj` lnyf`iinr  abe`rokhaøb vkfa`sk jn fks h`opkûïks, sa b` jarnhtkonbtn h`b nstn irkdk t`j` f` qun mkhn nf usukra` h`b nf tnhfkj` y f` nbvïk kf fks vïhtaok vïhtaoks. s. Fk abi abinba nbanrï nrïkk s`hakf s`hakf tanbn tanbn h`o h`o` ` `dc `dcnta ntav` v` nf jn h`rrn` jn fk pnrs`bk qun f` pr`irko`. `dtnbnr fk abe`rokhaøb jn tnrhnr`s, sab qun fks vïhtaoks sn jnb hunbtk, jn ubk e`rok b` h`bvnbha`bkf pkrk p`jnr `dtnbnr fk • Ekoafakraty Nxpf`at 3 Dkskj` nb fk ekoafakrajkj y fk h`beakbzk abe` abe`ro rokh khaø aøb b jn jnsn snkj kjkk jn ubk ubk ok okbn bnrk rk oë oëss ne neah ahkz kz y kfi` kfi` qun fks pnrs`bks tnbno`s kf rnkhha`bkr k pntaha`bns jn abjavaju`s h`opfah h`o pfahkj` kj`,, pnr pnr` ` oës sniur`. sniur`. Qk qun nst`s nst`s ktk ktkqun qunss sun sunfnb fnb qun b`s s`b rnfktavkonbtn h`b`haj`s. rnk rnkfazk fazkrf` rf`ss kfi kfiub` ub`ss iru irup`s p`s jn mkh mkhlnr lnrss jn s`o s`odrn drnr` r` bnir`, bnir`, nspïks, hadnrjnfabhunbtns, nbtrn `tr`s, nb nf qun tanbnb vkraks • Zrksmabi3  Tnvask Tnvaskrr f`s jnspnrja jnspnrjaha` ha`ss y fk dks dksurk urk b`s punjn punjn  pnrs`bks h`b jaenrnbtns h`b`haoanbt`s y hukfajkjns nb nf ërnk  pr`p`rha`bkr abe`rokhaøb jn f`s usukra`s. jn fk sniurajkj abe`roëtahk. Fk oky`rïk jn fks noprnsks qun mkb sueraj` nst`s tap`s jn •  T`d` jn abe`rokhaøb jn hunbtks dkbhkraks3 Xn `dtanbn fk ktkquns (abinbanrïk s`hakf) nb f`s óftao`s kû`s, s`b kqunffks nb abe`rokhaøb h`o` fk hfkvn jnf usukra` y h`b javnrs`s oát`j`s sn fks qun pnr pnrtnb tnbnhn nhnb b k fks nbt nbtajk ajkjns jns dkbhkr dkbhkraks aks,, nf hukf hukf tanb tanbnb nb `dtanbn fk tkrcntk jn hrájat` jn fk vïhtaok ` sn hf`bk nstk oasok ou ouhm hm`s `s sn sniu iuaj` aj`rn rnss p`r p`r fk pkrt pkrtnn jnf jnf ok okbn bnc` c` jn rn rnhu hurs rs`s `s jnspuás sn vkhïk fk hunbtk. nh`bøoah`s qun sn jkb nb nstks oasoks nbtajkjns. Kjnoës, f`s hadnrjnfabhunbtns utafazkb nf oát`j` jn pmasmabi pkrk nf r`d` jn K dksn jnf krtahuf` tkodaáb p`jno`s pr`vnnr qun nf saiuanbtn abe`rokhaøb h`beajnbhakf, nf hukf nstn oát`j` h`bsastn nb nbvakr  dfkbh` pkrk f`s mkhlnr s`b f`s jasp`satav`s oøvafns, h`rrn` nfnhtrøbah`s ekfs`s k fks jaenrnbtns hunbtks jn fks p`sadfns  praonrkonbtn p`rqun bkjan nspnrk ub ktkqun nb su Xokrtpm`bn ` vïhtaoks, nb nf qun sn fns s`fahatk k f`s usukra`s nb rniastrkrsn nb nb su Zkdfnt pnr` s`drn t`j` qun b` nxastnb mnrrkoanbtks tkb nsk pëiabk p`r ub hkoda` nb fk dksn jn jkt`s jn fk nbtajkj ` qun jnskrr`ffkjks pkrk fk sniurajkj jn jasp`satav`s oøvafns qun pkrk su hfkvn jndn snr hkodakjk, yk qun ffnvk ouhm` tanop` nf jn b` h`oputkj`rks pnrs`bkfns, vanbj` nsk jneahanbhak ns aop`rtkbtn hkodakrfk, nbtrn `trks, pkrk p`jnr `dtnbnr f`s jkt`s qun nff`s kpfahkr dunbks prëhtahks jn sniurajkj nb nst`s jasp`satav`s y b` quanrnb. jnck jnckrr t` t`j` j` nf hkri hkri` ` jn fk rn rnsp sp`b `bsk skda dafaj fajkj kj k f` f`ss pr pr`i `irk rkok okss H`b dksn nb f`s `dcntav`s pfkbtnkj`s kf prabhapa` jnf prnsnbtn kut`oëtah`s. Zkodaáb sn `dsnrvk q qun un oanbtrks oës kvkbzkb kvkbzkb fks krtïhuf` sn `dsnrvk fk aop`rtkbhak qun tanbn fk Abinbanrïk X`hakf tnhb tnhb`f `f`i `iïk ïkss jn h` h`ou ouba bahk hkha haøb øb,, fk inbt inbtnn jnsh jnshua uajk jk oë oëss su y nf aopkht` jn nstk, ns jn suok aop`rtkbhak tnbnr h`b`haoanbt` abe`r abe`rok okha haøb øb,, nst` nst` sn jndn jndn k qun qun f`s usuk usukra ra`s `s jnck jnckb b t` t`jk jk fk jn nstn tap` jn prëhtahks yk qun fk abe`rokhaøb ns vatkf pkrk rnsp`bskdafajkj jn sniurajkj k mnrrkoanbtks jnjahkjks k nstn eab, t`j`s, p`r nstn o`tav` ns bnhnskra` qun fks pnrs`bks t`onb ubk sab nodkri`, h`o` sn h`opr`dø, ub pnqunû` jnshuaj` p`r pkrtn snran jnrokh prnhkuha`bns nvatkr tap` jnbtk ktkquns, ykkb qunf`s fk jnf usukra` ns ubk punrtk kdanrtk pkrk nf hraoabkf. jnsab jn sabe` e`ro khaøb aøb ns fkpkrk pr prab abha hapk pkffnstn mn mnrr rrko koan anbtk qu qunn uskb us Abinbanr`s X`hakfns pkrk sus prëhtahks. F` kbtnra kbtnra`r `r jk ub kop kopfa` fa` nbe`qu nbe`qun, n, pnroata pnroatanbj nbj` ` nbt nbtnbj nbjnr nr y Fk Abinbanrïk Abinbanrïk X`hakf hkodak h`bstkb h`bstkbtnonbt tnonbtnn kjkp kjkptëbj`s tëbj`snn k f`s h`rrnfkha`bkr h`bhnpt`s qun b` pkrnhanrkb tnbnr ubk rnfkhaøb nb on onja ja`s `s qun qun nx nxas astk tkb, b, pnr` pnr` sa sn nstu nstuja jakk jntn jntnbaj bajko konb nbtn tn nf  praonrk abstkbhak, f`s usukra`s jndnb jn p`bnr ktnbhaøb s`drn k  prabhapa` jnf ktkqun ns nf oaso`, nstk abvnstaikhaøb snrvarë pkrk quaáb pr`p`rha`bkb hanrtk abe`rokhaøb pnrs`bkf y nb rnvaskr qun ktkhkr nf enbøonb` khtukf y tkodaáb prnjnhar nf h`op`rtkoanbt` sn mkhn h`b nstk oasok. qun tnbjrë nb nf eutur` h`b nf bkhaoanbt` jn bunvks tnhb`f`iïks. W`r onja` jn fk iuïk qun sn nspnhaeahø nb nf krtïhuf`, nxastnb Fk jneabahaøb jn Abinbanrïk X`hakf sn h`beubjn h`b ekhafajkj h`b jaenrnbtns kftnrbktavks qun jndnb tnbnr nb hunbtk f`s pr`ensa`bkfns nf tároab` utafazkj` p`r fks hanbhaks p`fïtahks nf hukf b`s mkdfk nb ZA y f`s usukra`s usukra`s pkrk trk trktkr tkr jn h`btrk h`btrkrr rrnst nstkr kr nst nstnn tap` jn jn f`s nseunrz`s y fks khha`bns jn f`s abinbanr`s p`r fk s`hanjkj, ktkquns, punst` qun Jn khunrj` k fks haerks pudfahkjks p`r nf sab nod nodkri kri`, `, nf tár tároab` oab` abe abe`ro `roëtah ëtah` ` ns t`tk t`tkfon fonbtn btn jastabt jastabt` ` HkaU HkaUar artu tukf kf sn mk va vast st` ` ub kf kft` t` ab abhr hrno nonb nbt` t` nb nf r` r`d` d` jn abjahëbj`b`s qun ns fk prëhtahk jn `dtnbnr abe`rokhaøb pnrs`bkf abe`rokhaøb p`r onja` jn fk táhbahk jn ktkqun pmasmabi, nf hukf sn k trkvás jn fk okbapufkhaøb.  puj` h`rr`d`rkr qun hksa nf =7% jn fk pr`tnhhaøb jn fk Wmasmabi ns nf prabhapkf jnfat` jn nstkek k trkvás jn fk rnj nb fk abe`ro abe`rokh khaøb aøb nst nstëë nb fk hkpkh hkpkhatkh atkhaøb aøb jn f`s usu usukra kra`s, `s, jn f`s khtukfajkj, nstk sn rnkfazk kf o`onbt` jn `dtnbnr abe`rokhaøb kjoabastrkj`rns y inrnbtns nb nf ërnk jn fk abe`roëtahk, yk qun jn kfiób usukra` y supfkbtkr su ajnbtajkj nb javnrs`s onja`s h`o` b`s jao`s hunbtk k f` fkri` jn nstn krtahuf` s`b nf nsfkdøb h`o` s`b nbtajkjns dkbhkraks dkbhkraks nb fïbnk, snrvah snrvaha`s a`s jn pki`s k oës jádaf. Kjnoës jn qun nb fks noprnsks jndnb jn aopfnonbtkr  trkvás jn fk rnj, khhnjnr k javnrs`s tap`s jn rnjns s`hakfns, nth. ub HHZU pr`pa` y qun kjaha`bkfonbtn jn h`btkr h`b nf HHZU jn Ns eëhaf hknr nb nstn tap` jn prëhtahks nst` jndaj` k qun nxastn ubk noprnsk jn vaiafkbhak, yk qun jndn nstkr o`bat`razkj` t`j`s ubk irkb jnsabe`rokhaøb s`drn nstn tap` jn jnfat` y fk e`rok jn f`s pubt`s jn ubk noprnsk. `pnrkr jn fks ktkhkbtns kfiubks jn nstks s`b3

 

Ns bnhnskra` hrnkr jn oktnrakf h`o` f` ns nf saiuanbtn krtahuf`, qun pnroatk k f`s nstujakbtns okbtnbnrsn kf jïk h`b fks bunvks \4_ tnhb`f tnhb`f`iï `iïks ks nxastn nxastnbtn btnss nb oktnrak oktnrak jn sni sniura urajkj jkj,, ksï h`o h`o` ` nf  pr`vnnr h`b`haoanbt` pkrk nf us` rnsp`bskdfn jn fk abe`rokhaøb \8_ qun nstá k su hkri` jurkbtn su vajk pr`ensa`bkf.

 TNH@B@HAOANBZ@X   TNH@B@HAOANBZ@ X  Fah. Kfdnrt` Okbunf Wktnrbabk Fn`b Fah. @shkr Nerkïb Zuarkb W`f`

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 TNENTNBHAKX  \;_ Iark Iarkfj`, fj`, C. C. W., & Jukrt Jukrtn, n, A. I. (48 jn B`vanodr B`vanodrnn jn 47 47;=). ;=). mttps3//stkjauo.ubkj.nju.h`. @dtnbaj` jn

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mttps3//stkjauo.ubkj.nju.h`/prnvanw/^BKJ.pmp0 urf?/datstrnko/;7>15/497>7/;/cpiarkfj`ok.pje  Iunj Iunjnz, nz, K. (49 jn jn Endrn Endrnr` r` jn 47;= 47;=). ). mttp mttps3// s3//www. www.id-kj id-kjvas` vas`rs.h` rs.h`o. o. @dtnbaj` jn mttps3//www.id-kjvas`rs.h`o/ns/ransi`s-y-konbkzks-jn-fkabinbanrak-s`hakf/ Aifn Aifnsaks saks,, W. E. (;8 jn Cuba` jn 47;9) 47;9).. mttps3//ww mttps3//www.pk w.pkdf`y df`yifns ifnsaks. aks.h`o. h`o. @dtnbaj` jn mttps3//www.pkdf`yifnsaks.h`o/oubj`mkhlnr-abinbanraks`hakf/ Ynf Ynfavns avnsnhu nhuraty raty.. (5 jn Cuba` jn 47;5). mttp mttps3// s3//www.w www.wnfav nfavnsnh nsnhurat uraty.h` y.h`o. o. @dtnbaj` jn mttps3//www.wnfavnsnhuraty.h`o/fk-ns/47;5/7;/75/>-h`skss`drn-abinbanrak-s`hakf/ Skd Skdkfk, kfk, C. K. (47 jn Ki`st` jn 47;9). 47;9). mttps3//rn mttps3//rnp`sa p`sat`ry t`ry.uhk .uhkt`fa t`fahk.n hk.nju.h ju.h`. `. @dtnbaj` jn mttps3//rnp`sat`ry.uhkt`fahk.nju.h`/mkbjfn/;71=8/;:1:8 Tnjj Tnjjy, y, U., Tkj Tkjmk, mk, U. & Cab Cabjkf, jkf, O. (4 (47;;) 7;;).. Hfan Hfanbt bt Xajn p pr`tn r`tnhta` hta`b b er`o Wmasmabi kttkhl. Abtnrbkta`bkf C`urbkf `e Kjvkbhnj Nbiabnnrabi Xhanbhns kbj Znhmb`f`ians, 8(;), 81-:>.