Philippine Presidents Strong and Weak Points

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Emilio F. Aguinaldo (1869-1964)

partment of War and Public Works; Department of Police and Internal Order, Order, Justice Justice,, Educatio Education n and Hygiene; and the Department of Finance, nance, Agricul Agriculture ture,, and Manufac Manufac-turing Industry.

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Proclamation of the Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898. Establis Establishme hment nt of the Malolos Malolos Republic, which had its congress, constitution, national and local officialdom and Reorganization of the provincial and municipal governments.

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Division of government into legislative, executive and judiciary. •

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Establ Establis ishm hmen entt of the Dict Dictat ator oria iall Gove Go vern rnm ment ent addr addres esse sed d to the the problems problems regardin regarding g the conditi condition on in the Philippines. •

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Prepared a budget for the reestablishment and improvement of education. Granted executive clemency to all Spanish civilians being held prisoners and granted permission for all foreigners, including Spaniards, to freel freely y engage engage in busin business ess in the Philippines.

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 There were a lot of Filipino casualties and losses caused by the war, epidemics, epidemics, reconcentratio reconcentration n camps, and on the economic side as well. Filipino forces encountered disaster every everywhe where re witho without ut the mili milita tary ry expertise of Luna who was assassinated. Failed to storm Manila after marching from Kawit to Bacoor, thereby givi giving ng the the Amer Americ ican an inva invade ders rs a chance to grow in strength. Governm Gover nment ent faile failed d to obtain obtain any any foreign recognition. Filipinos resorted to guerrilla warfare fare with with all all its devas devastat tatin ing g feafeatures and was finally brought to an end when he was captured.

Creation of Department of Foreign Affairs, Navy and Commerce; De-

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He took an oath of allegiance to the United States, was granted a pension from the U.S. government, and retired to private life. Aguin Aguinald aldo o wa was s arres arrested ted and, and, together with others accused of col-

laboration with the Japanese, was held held for for some some mo mont nths hs in Bili Bilibi bid d Prison Prison until until released released by presiden presiden-tial amnesty for he was used by the Japanese as an anti-American tool.

Manuel L. Quezon (1878-1944)

Strong Points Esta Establ blis ishe hed d Comm Co mmon onwe weal alth th government and created the national language institute that proclaimed Tagalog to be the national language’s basis •

Fought Fought to secure secure the TydingsTydingsMcDuffie Law in Washington.

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Passed National Defense Law to provide citizen army and the extension of free trade for the Philippines to adjust to its economy.

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Passed Immigration Act for an annual immigration quota of 500 due to problem with Japanese and signed the women suffrage law.

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Looked into the problems of the landless peasants and proposal for land reform. •

Engaged in free trade, creating the the Natio Nationa nall Econo Economi mic c coun council cil,, and establishing government compani panies es for for peop people le’s ’s prot protec ecti tion on against against merchan merchants ts or produce producers’ rs’ exploit exploitati ation; on; transport transportati ation on and commun communica icatio tion’s n’s improve improvemen ment; t; Strengthened certain agencies for the improvement and extension of  service to people; and art and literature progress through contests and competitions •

Weak Points Failure of the initiation and implementation of the policy for social justice and laws for rural population’s ulation’s improvement due to lack of government funds to purchase landed estates and resistance of  big and powerful landlords. •

 The economy economy remained remained dependent to the U.S. due to the Bell

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RPTL  Trade Act, Act, otherwise known as the Philippine Trade Act, which was a precondition for receiving war rehabilitation grants from the United States.

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 Jose P. Laurel (1891-1959)

Strong Points Made life for compatr compatriot iots, s, oppres ressed by a harsh military regime, a little less difficult. •

Exerted every effort to increase product production ion and bring bring consume consumers' rs' goods under control. •

Weak Points  The “Japanese Puppet” Republic. •

Prioritize the passage of Bill of  Rights. •

Issued an executive order organizi nizing ng the the Ka Kapi pisa sana nan n sa Pa Pagl glil il-ingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas (KALIBAPI) as the sole political organiz ganizat atio ion n to back back the the gover governnment. •

Philippine-Japanese Treaty of Alliance was signed by Claro M. Recto, who was appointed by Laurel as his Foreign Minister, and Japanese nese Amba Ambassa ssado dorr to Phili Philippi ppine nes s Sozyo Murata.

Denounced in some quarters as a war colla llabora borattor or eve even a traitor, although his indictment for treason was superseded by President Roxas' Roxas' Amnesty Amnesty Procla Proclama ma-tion, and evidenced by his subsequent electoral success. •

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Violated his Oath of Office and headed an illegal government of  the Philippines. •

Guerrilla activities and Japanese retaliatory measures brought the peace and order situation to a difficult point. •

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 The Philippines Philippines faced faced a crippling food food shorta shortage ge which which deman demande ded d much of Laurel's attention.

not not to say that his his govern governme ment nt didn't have forces against said resistance.

A sizable portion of the population actively resisted his presidency, cy, suppo supporti rting ng the exile exiled d Co Commmonwe mo nweal alth th govern governme ment nt;; that that is

Declar Decl ared ed the the coun countr try y unde underr marti rtial law in 1944 thro throu ugh Proclam Proclamatio ation n No. 29, dated dated September 21.

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Sergio S. Osmeña (1878-1961)

Strong Points Food Food distribu distributio tion n centers centers were set up, price price ceili ceilings ngs insti institut tuted ed and, charact characteris eristica tically lly,, financi financial al aid sought from the United States. •

Restored Resto red the government •

Congress enacted C.A. No. 682 creati creating ng the the Peo Peopl ple's e's Co Court urt and and the Office Office of Special Special Prosecu Prosecutors tors to deal with the pending cases of  "collaboration". •

Comm Co mmon onwe weal alth th

Weak Points OsRox (Osmeña-Roxa (Osmeña-Roxas) s) mission wasn’t favored by Quezon due to some provision on military bases.

Reorganized the government so that it will be responsive to the immediate needs of the people.

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Executive departments were restored and the Department of Information was restored.

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Corruption on relief goods from UNRRA during the war.

Many patriotic Filipinos objected to the unjust provision of the Bell Trade Relations Relations law. •

Pre-war bureaucracy was re-established and Congress was convened. •

Enacted Commonwealth Act No. 672 - rehabilitating the Philippine National Bank. •

Court of Appeals was abolished and its appellate jurisdiction was transferred to the Supreme Court, the the me memb mber ers s of whic which h we were re inincreased to eleven. •

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Manuel A. Roxas (1892-1948)

Strong Points

Enacted Republic Act No. 1946 (Tenant Act) which provided for a 70–30 sharing arrangements and regulated share-tenancy contracts

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Ratifi Ratifica cati tion on of the the Be Bell ll Trade Trade Act, Act, the the incl inclus usio ion n of the the Pa Pari rity ty Amend Amendme ment nt in the const constitu itutio tion, n, and the signing of the 1947 Military Bases Agreement. 

He vol volunte untee ers to serv serve e the the country during war as food coordinator. 

Proclamation Proclamation of Philippine Philippine Independence by US President Harry  Truman and withdraw and surrender of all rights of possession, supervision, jurisdiction, control and sovereignty now existing and exercise by USA in and over the territo ritory ry and and peop people le of the the Phil Philip ip-pines 

Proclaimed the Rice Share Tenancy Act of 1933 effective throughout the country.

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Issued a Proclamation outlawing Huks Huks'' mo move veme men nt, ma maki kin ng it a crime to belong to the same. The declarat declaration ion was hailed hailed by all responsi sponsible ble and and peacepeace-lo lovi ving ng eleelements. 

Weak Points Failed to win over the Huks to his his side side and and the the coun countr try y face faced d with a Communist unrest in rural areas. •

He gran grante ted d the the US cont contro roll of  the the mili milita tary ry and and naval naval bases bases at Clark Air Base and Subi Subic c Bay Naval Base in exchange for military aid because of problems of  national security due to the looming Korean War. •

Problems of land tenure continued. •

Granted full amnesty to all socall called ed Phili Philippi ppine ne coll collab abor orato ators, rs, many ma ny of whom whom were on tria triall or awaitin awa iting g to be tried, tried, particu particularl larly y former President Jose P. Laurel. •

His adminis administrat tration ion was marred marred by graft and corruption; moreover,

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the abuses of the provincial military police contributed to the rise of the left-wing (Huk) movement in the the coun countr trys ysid ide. e. His His heav heavyyhand handed ed atte attem mpts pts to crus crush h the the Huks led to widespre widespread ad peasant peasant disaffection.

Failed to curb graft and corruption tion in the gover governm nmen ent, t, as evievidenced by the Surplus War Property erty scand scandal al,, the Chin Chinese ese immiimmigrati gration on scand scandal al and and the Scho School ol supplies scandal. •

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Elpidio R. Quirino (1890-1956)

Strong Points Brok roke the back of the Huk movem mo vemen entt with with the aid aid of feroferocious military machinery and the suspension of the writ of Habeas Corpus. 

Ratification of the RP-US Mutual Defense Treaty, growth of industrial trial ventures ventures,, expandi expanding ng irrigairrigation, and improvement of the road system.

periodic radio broadcasts from the Malacañan Palace. Promote the smooth restructuring ing of the the Arme Armed d Forc Forces es of the the Philippines and the military reorganization. 

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Weak Points

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Basic social problems remained unsolve unsolved, d, and his adminis administrat tration ion was tainted tainted by widespre widespread ad graft graft and corruption.

Signed into law the Magna Carta of Labor bor and the the Minimum Wage Law.

Unabated rampage of graft and corruption in his government, as reveale revealed d in the Tam Tambob bobong ong-Bu -Bueenavista navista scandal scandal,, the Import Import ConControl Anomalies, the Caledonia Pile Mess and the Textbook Racket.

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Opene Opened d diplo diploma mati tic c and and trade trade relatio relations ns with neighbo neighboring ring councountries.

Wasteful spending of the people's ple's mo money ney in extra extrava vaga gant nt junjunkets abroad.

Focused on agricultural productivity and industrialization.

Failure of government to check the Huk menace which made travel in the provinces unsafe, as evidence denced d by the the killi killing ng of forme formerr First Lady Aurora Quezon and her

Establis Establishme hment nt of rural banking banking and setting up of the Central Bank of the Phili Philippi ppine nes s that that the stabi stabi-lized Philippine currency. 

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Enlightened the people on the activ activit itie ies s of the Repub Republic lic by the 

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RPTL companions on April 28, 1949 by the Huks on the Bongabong-Baler road, Baler, Tayabas. Economic distress of the times, aggrava aggravated ted by rising rising unemploy unemploy-ment rate, soaring prices of commodities, and unfavorable balance

of trade. Quirino's vaunted "Total Econ Econom omic ic Mobi Mobili liza zati tion on Poli Po licy cy"" failed failed to give economic economic relief to the suffering nation.

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Frauds and terrorism committed by the Liberal Party moguls in the 1947, 1949 and 1951 elections.

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Ramon F. Magsaysay (1907-1957)

Strong Points

His admini administra stratio tion n was considconsidered one of the cleanest and most corru corrupti ption on-f -free ree;; his presi presiden dency cy was cited as the Philippines' Golden Years. •

Successf Successful ul in peace peace and order order camp campai aign gn again against st the Huks Huks and regained the trust of the people to the government. •

Policy of honest government, no friends or relatives ever benefitted from his position. •

Crea Create ted d exte extens nsiv ive e irri irriga gati tion on syste systems ms and and intro introduc duced ed mo moder dern n agri agricu cult ltur ural al me meth tho ods and and apapproved proved the Agricul Agricultura turall Tenanc Tenancy y Act. •

First Filipino president to wear Baron Ba rong g Tagal Tagalog og to promo promote te FilFilipino culture.

 Trade and industry flourished, flourished, the Philippine military was at its prim prime, e, and and the the Fili Filipi pino no peop people le were given international international recognition in sports, culture and foreign affairs. •

 The Philippines Philippines ranked second in Asia's clean and well-governed countries. •

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Esta Establ blis ishe hed d Sout Southe heas astt Asia sia  Treaty Organization Organization (SEATO). (SEATO). •

Weak Points He was a close friend and supporter of the United States and a vocal spokesman against communism during the Cold War.

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Altho Although ugh the the comm common on people people benefitted from the land distribution of the government, and tenants were given more rights, the problems that were solved by the government were just in the surface face rathe ratherr than than the main main probproblem. They put a solution to a problem but not in the main one, in Republic Act No. 1199 farmers were given a certain percentage of the distribution of crop, so it put and minor solution solution to that but with the case case of the the tenu tenuri rial al syst system em,, it wasn’t given notice. •

 The relocation relocation of the people from certain places worked at first but eventua eventually lly started started a cultural cultural dispute between the natives living there and those who were relocated. •

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Carlos P. Garcia (1896-1971)

Strong Points Filipino First Policy, an attempt to initiate economic independence through dollar exchange controls, which subsequently brought about the rise of the fledgling Filipino Filipino industrialist. •

Estab Establis lishe hed d the Dr. Jose Jose Rizal Rizal Cente Ce ntenn nnia iall comm commiss issio ion n to prepreserve the writings of Rizal for the next generations. •

He anchored his government on austerit austerity, y, severely severely simple, simple, temtemperate spending •

Approv Approved ed a bill bill outla outlawin wing g the Comm Co mmun unis istt Pa Part rty y of the the Phil Philip ip-pines (signed into law as Republic Act No. 1700). •

Acte Acted d on the the Bo Bohle hlen–S n–Ser erran rano o Agreeme Agreement nt which which shorten shortened ed the leas lease e of the the US Ba Base ses s from from 99 years to 25 years and made it renewable after every five years. •

Weak Points Maligned in the press due to his perceived anti-American policy.

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Rice and Corn Nationa Nationaliz lizati ation on Bill and Anti-graft Bill was veto

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Accused corruption in the Philippine Homesite and Housing Corporatio ration n (PHHC) (PHHC) and Go Gover vernm nmen entt Service Insurance System (GSIS). He cuddl cuddled ed offic officia ials ls invol involve ved d in the anomalies. •

Enjo Enjoys ys acqu acquir irin ing g expe expen nsive sive things like planes and yachts despite anchoring temperate government spending. •

 The imports that were coming in the coun country try greatl greatly y outnu outnummbered bered the expor exports ts that that we were were shipping out of the country, making the Philippi Philippines nes highly highly dependependent on foreign products that required dollars to purchase. •

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Diosdado P. Macapagal (1910-1997)

Strong Points Reset the celebrat Reset celebration ion of IndeIndependence Day from July 4th to the more politic politicall ally y appropri appropriate ate June 12th, 12th, when when Aguin Aguinal aldo do decla declare red d Phil Philip ippi pine ne Inde Indepe pend nden ence ce from from Spain. •

Promised a socio-economic program gram anch anchor ored ed on "a retu return rn to free and private enterprise", placing economic development in the hands hands of priva private te entre entrepre preneu neurs rs with minimal government interference.

lots lots to the the land landle less ss tena tenant nts s on easy term of payment.

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Launched his version of Agrarian reform. •

Combat Comb at misde misdeeds eds in gover governnment. •

Parti Partial al relin relinqui quishm shmen entt of exchange controls in a move to stabilize the currency. •

Weak Points  The administration' administration's s campaign campaign against corruption was tested by Harry Harry Stonehi Stonehill, ll, an America American n expatriat patriate e with a $50-mi $50-milli llion on busibusiness empire in the Philippines, ties to corrupti corruption on within within the governgovernment. •

Issues raised against the incumbent bent admi admini nist stra rati tion on we were re graf graftt and corruption, rise in consumer goods, and persisting peace and order issues. •

Agricultural Land Reform Code of 1963 (Republic Act No. 3844) which provided for the purchase of  private farmlands with the intention of distributing them in small

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Ferdinand E. Marcos (1917-1989)

Strong Points Mobilized the manpower and resourc sources es of the Arme Armed d Force Forces s of  the Philippines (AFP) for action to comple complemen mentt civilia civilian n agencie agencies s in such such activ activit itie ies s as infra infrastr struc uctur ture e constru constructi ction; on; econom economic ic plannin planning g and program program executi execution; on; regiona regionall and and indus industri trial al site site plann plannin ing g and and develop developmen ment; t; commun community ity develdevelopment and others. •

Instit Institut uted ed a ma manda ndato tory ry youth youth organ organiz izat atio ion, n, known known as the Kabataa bataang ng Barang Barangay ay and and brough broughtt the the "Gre "Green en Re Revo volu luti tion on"" to the the Philippines. •

Exports of timber products were among the nation's top exports.

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 The Kilusang Kabuhayan Kabuhayan at Kaunlar Kaunlaran an (Movem (Movement ent for LiveliLivelihood and Progress) economic program gram that that aims aims to promo promote te the econ econom omic ic deve develo lopm pmen entt of the the barangays by encouraging its residents to engage in their own livelihood projects. •

Constr Cons truc ucte ted d CC CCP, P, Phil Philip ippi pine ne Heart Heart Cente Center, r, Lung Lung Ce Cent nter, er, San San  Juanico Bridge and and etc. •

 Tried to increase the agricultural production through a new strain of grain called “miracle rice”.

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Weak Points Elect Electio ion n was ma marke rked d by ma masssive sive viol violen ence, ce, votevote-buy buyin ing, g, and and fraud on Marcos' part, and Marcos used $56 million from the Philippines' pines' treasu treasury ry to fund fund his camcampaign. •

Studen Students ts in Manil Manila a mo mobil biliz ized ed enormou enormous s numbers numbers of people people to attend protests against U.S. imperialism rialism and the "rise of fascism fascism"" under Marcos. The protests later became known as the First Quarter Storm. •

Marcos declared martial law on September 22, 1972, by virtue of  Proclamation No. 1081, extending his rule beyond the constitutional two-term limit. He justified this by exaggera exaggeratin ting g threats threats of Com Commumunist and Muslim insurgencies. •

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Marcos Marcos wanted wanted the Philippi Philippines nes to becom become e invol involved ved in the Viet Viet-nam War. •

cronies, which culminated with the assassination of Benigno Aquino. Philippi Philippines' nes' external external debt rose from $360 million (US) in 1962 to $28.3 billion in 1986, making the Philippines one of the most indebted countries in Asia.

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Regime was marred by rampant corrupti corruption on and politic political al misman misman-agem agemen entt by his his rela relati tiv ves and and •

Maria Corazon C. Aquino (1933-2009)

Strong Points Crea Creati tion on of the the Pres Presid iden enti tial al Commission Commission on Good Government (PCGG), which was tasked to go after the Marcos ill-gotten wealth. •

Proclaimed the Freedom Constitution. •

Promulg Promulgate ated d two landmark landmark legal gal code codes, s, name namely ly,, the the Fami Family ly Code of 1987, which reforme r eformed d the civil law on family relations, and the Administrative Code of 1987, which reorganized the structure of  the executi executive ve branch branch of governgovernment.

Naval Base Subic Bay and Clark Air Base.  The grant amnesty of to all politi litica call pris prison oner ers s whic which h set set free free about 459 detainees •

Regaine Regained d democra democracy cy after after 20 years of Marcos regime.

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Declared Declared that the presence presence of  US Mili Militar tary y Forc Forces es in the Phili Philipppines pines was an affro affront nt to natio national nal sovereignty. She ordered the United States military to vacate U.S. •

Weak Points Electric blackouts became common in Manila. The capital experienced enced black blackou outs ts of seven seven to 12 hours hours,, bring bringing ing numero numerous us busibusinesses to a halt. •

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RPTL Storm Thelma and MV Doña Paz sank.

Coup uprising by the left wing militant soldier. •

Agrarian Agrarian workers workers and farmers farmers marched to the historic Mendiola Stre treet near the Malacañang ang Palac Palace e to deman demand d genui genuine ne land land reform from Aquino's administration. •

Faced series of natural disasters and and cala calami miti ties es like like 1990 1990 Luzon Luzon earthqua earthquake, ke, 1991 1991 volcani volcanic c eruperuption tion of Mount Mount Pinatubo Pinatubo,, Tropic Tropical al •

Fidel V. Ramos (1928-)

Strong Points  The Philippines Philippines experienced experienced a perio period d of poli politic tical al stabil stability ity and and rapid economic growth and expansion, as a result of his policies and program programs s designed designed to foster foster national reconciliation and unity. •

 The Philippines Philippines was dubbed by various various internat internation ionally ally as Asia's Asia's Next Economic Tiger. •

Enacted a law that would create an Energy Department that would plan and manage the Philippines' energ energy y deman demands. ds. Co Congr ngres ess s not not •

only only creat created ed an Energy Energy De Depar parttment but gave him special emergency powers to resolve the power crisis. Implemented economic reforms inte intend nded ed to open open up the the once once-closed national economy, encourage private enterprise, invite more foreign and domestic investment, and reduce corruption. •

Signe Signed d the final final peace peace agree agree-ment me nt betwe between en the gove governm rnmen entt and the Moro National Liberation

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RPTL Front (MNLF) led by Nur Misuari in 1996.

deal deal invol involve ved d the acqui acquisi sitio tion n of  158 hectares of reclaimed land on Manila Bay that was to be converted into so-called Freedom Islands.  The deal was forged in April 1995 as part of the Ramos administration's Manila Bay Master Development Plan (MBMDP).

Wome Women n in Nati Nation onal al Buil Buildi ding ng whic which h give gives s wo wome men n equa equall eco economi nomic c oppor opportun tuniti ities es in natio national nal development efforts. •

Weak Points

 Tried to amend the country's 1987 constitution; a process popularly known to many Filipinos as Charter Charter Change Change or the so-call so-called ed "Cha-Cha".

His experience in handling migrant workers protection.

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Charges of alleged massive corruption or misuse of funds blemished the resulting programs and various projects, one of which was the the Ce Cent nten enni nia al Expo Expo and and Amphitheater at the former Clark Air Base in Angeles City, Pampanga, supposedly Ramos' pet project. •

Accu Accuse sed d of corr corrup upti tion on in the the PEA-Amari deal. The controversial

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 Joseph E. Estrada Estrada (1937-)

Strong Points

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Declared an "all-out-war" against against the Moro Islamic Islamic LiberaLiberation Front and captured its headquarters and other camps. •

Suspension of release of Php37 Billion pork barrel •

Debt reduction of IMF-WB.

Pres Presid iden entt Estr Estrad ada a can can mo move ve with more speed in transforming Mindanao into a progressive economic center. •

Land Land bank bank and and DBP DBP fund funds s to small enterprises. •

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RPTL Slowing the economic growth to −0.6 −0.6% % in 1998 1998 from from a 5.2% 5.2% in 1997. The economy recovered by 3.4% in 1999 and 4% in 2000.

Alle Allege ged d P400 P400 mill millio ion n payo payoff  ff  from jueteng hidden in a bank account known as "Jose Velarde" – a grassroots-based grassroots-based numbers game, as well as P180 million from the government price subsidy for the tobacco farmers' marketing cooperative.

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Pro-poor president.

His His rumo rumore red d mist mistre ress sses es and and gifts of mansions. •

His His much much-c -cri riti tici cize zed d drin drinki king ng spre sprees es and midn idnight ight cabin binet members. •

Weak Points

 The first president to be impeached. •

Severely criticized by the mainstrea stream m me medi dia a for for crony cronyism ism,, incompetence, and corruption, supposedly causing causing it to lose the confidence of foreign investors. •

Havi Having ng cabinet. •

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so-c so-cal alle led d

midn midnig ight ht

Gloria M. Macapagal-Ar-

royo (2001-)

Strong Points Lead the People Power II to oust former president Estrada.

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“Str “Stron ong g Repu Re publ bliic” Nauti autica call High Highwa way y allo allowe wed d nati nation on to be more connected and greater connect nectiv ivit ity y in term terms s of trad trade e and and •

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RPTL commerce, and to certain extent tourism.  Job Creation through infusion of  fres fresh h capi capita tall in form form of inve invest st-ments. •

Convent Conv entio iona nall infra infrastr struc uctu ture re – emergence of many domestic and internat internation ional al airport airports, s, road conconstructio struction, n, and strategi strategical cally ly place place expressways in Southern and Central Luzon.

Military uprising due to her corruption. •

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Expensive travel abroad.

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ZTE deal

Expensive highway construction (Macapagal Boulevard).

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Holi Holiday day econ econom omic ics. s. – mo movi ving ng holidays around for sake of boosting local tourism.

Issued Issued Preside Presidenti ntial al Procla Proclama ma-tion 1017 (PP 1017) and used it as basis in declaring a state of emergency gency througho throughout ut the Philippi Philippines nes to quell the military rebellion, stop lawl lawles ess s viol violen ence ce,, and and prom promot ote e peace and stability.

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Relatively peaceful and orderly elections – 2010 election is largely cleaner than 2004’s controversial election. •

 Annual economic economic growth in the PhilipPhilippines averaged 4.5% during the Arroyo administr ministratio ation, n, expand expanding ing every every quarter quarter of  her presidency. •

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A controversial expanded value added tax (e-VAT) law, considered the centerpiece of the Arroyo admini ministr strati ation on's 's econo economi mic c refor reform m agenda, was implemented in November 2005, aiming to complement revenue-raising efforts that coul could d plug plug the the coun countr try' y's s larg large e budget deficit. •

Weak Points Arrested following the filing of  crimina criminall charges charges against against her for electoral fraud. •

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Benigno S. Aquino III (1960-)

Strong Points

Weak Points

Crea Create ted d the the no ‘wan ‘wangg-wa wang ng’’ policy, policy, strength strengthenin ening g the impleimplementation mentation of Presidential Presidential Decree No. 96 and signed Executive Order No. 1, creating the Truth Commission. •

Reformed the education system in the Philippines by shifting to K– 12 education, a 12-year basic education cycle. •

Orde Ordere red d the the De Depa part rtme men nt of  Health (DOH) to support and assist all regiona regionall hospita hospitals ls and health health centers and intensify their efforts to attend to the needs of dengue– inflicted patients. •

Requi Required red all radio radio statio stations ns to broadcast a minimum of four original Filipino Filipino musical compositions compositions every hour (EO No. 255). •

 The Manila hostage crisis occurred. Aquino expressed concern over the matter and gave his condolences to the victims.

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Bish ishop Nereo reo Odch dchimar of   Tandag, head head of the Catholic BishBishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBC (CBCP), P), said said that that Aqui Aquino no might might face face excomm excommuni unicat cation ion from the Catholic Church for supporting the Reproductive Health Bill, the plan to distribute and give Filipino couples the choice to use contraceptives for artificial birth control. •

Critic Critics s have have used used to questi question on his work ethic, alleging his inaction on the issues of disaster response and rising oil prices.

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Launche Launched d his offici official al presiden presiden-tial website aims to create communica municatio tion n between between Aquino Aquino and the people, getting feedback from the the people people,, telli telling ng Aquin Aquino o their their woes and grievances. •

Declared a moratorium on the cutting and harvesting of timber in the the natur natural al and and residu residual al forest forests s and creating the Anti-Illegal Logging Task Force. •

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