PHB-3.pdf

The Everyday Pocket Handbook on Welded Joint Details for Structural Applications

© 2004 by American Welding Society. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America

NOTE: Although care was taken in choosing and presenting the data in this guide, AWS cannot guarantee that it is error free. Further, this guide is not intended to be an exhaustive treatment of the topic and therefore may not include all available information, including with respect to safety and health issues. By publishing this guide, AWS does not insure anyone using the information it contains against any liability or injury to property or persons arising from that use. 2

Table of Contents Single-bevel-groove weld (4) T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) .............................. 19 Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 20 Double-bevel-groove weld (5) T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) .............................. 21 Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 22 Butt joint (B), T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) ...... 23 Single-U-groove weld (6) Butt joint (B), Corner joint (C).......................... 24 Double-U-groove weld (7) Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 25 Single-J-groove weld (8) Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 26 T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) .............................. 27 Double-J-groove weld (8) Butt joint (B) ..................................................... 28 T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) .............................. 29 Metric Conversion Table ........................................ 30

Basic Safety Precautions ...........................................4 Introduction ...............................................................6 Nomenclature of Groove Joint Details......................7 Legend for Groove Details ..................................7 Legend for AWS Joint Designations ...................8 Square-groove weld (1) Butt joint (B), Corner joint (C) ..........................10 Butt joint (B) ......................................................11 T-joint (T), Corner joint (C) ..............................12 Single-V-groove weld (2) Butt joint (B) ......................................................13 Butt joint (B) ......................................................14 Corner joint (C)..................................................15 Double-V-groove weld (3) Butt joint (B) ......................................................16 Butt joint (B) ......................................................17 Single-U-groove weld (4) Butt joint (B) ......................................................18 3

Basic Safety Precautions Electrical Hazards. Electric shock can kill. However, it can be avoided. Live electrical parts should not be touched. The manufacturer’s instructions and recommended safe practices should be read and understood. Faulty installation, improper grounding, and incorrect operation and maintenance of electrical equipment are all sources of danger.

Burn Protection. Molten metal, sparks, slag, and hot work surfaces are produced by welding, cutting, and allied processes. These can cause burns if precautionary measures are not used. Workers should wear protective clothing made of fire-resistant material. Pant cuffs, open pockets, or other places on clothing that can catch and retain molten metal or sparks should not be worn. High-top shoes or leather leggings and fire-resistant gloves should be worn. Pant legs should be worn over the outside of high-top shoes. Helmets or hand shields that provide protection for the face, neck, and ears, and a head covering to protect the head should be used. In addition, appropriate eye protection should be used.

All electrical equipment and the workpiece should be grounded. The workpiece lead is not a ground lead. It is used only to complete the welding circuit. A separate connection is required to ground the workpiece. The workpiece should not be mistaken for a ground connection. 4

Compressed Gas Cylinders. Keep caps on cylinders when not in use. Make sure that gas cylinders are chained to a wall or other structural support.

Fumes and Gases. Many welding, cutting, and allied processes produce fumes and gases which may be harmful to health. Avoid breathing the air in the fume plume directly above the arc. Do not weld in a confined area without a ventilation system. Use point-of-welding fume removal when welding galvanized steel, zinc, lead, cadmium, chromium, manganese, brass, or bronze. Do not weld on piping or containers that have held hazardous materials unless the containers have been inerted properly.

Radiation. Arc welding may produce ultraviolet, infrared, or light radiation. Always wear protective clothing and eye protection to protect the skin and eyes from radiation. Shield others from light radiation from your welding operation.

AWS also recommends a personal copy of “Arc Welding Safely,” “Fire Safety in Welding and Cutting,” “Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes,” and “The Independent Shop’s Guide to Welding Safety and Health.”

5

Introduction This pocket handbook consists of selected welded joint details applicable to the welding of plate and shapes for structural applications. The joint details conform to the design and dimensions for Prequalified Joint Details in AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004, Structural Welding Code—Steel. The user should consult AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2004 (or later edition) for joint dimensional tolerances that are permissible and for notes concerning application of the specific joint detail. The joint details shown in this pocket handbook are applicable for designing joints that are to be used in making complete joint penetration welds in plate and shapes.

Submerged arc welding (SAW) is applicable for diameters greater than 24 in. (610 mm). Joints to be used for tubular connections should have a groove angle of not less than 60°. These joint details specifically apply to welded joints made in low carbon construction steels. Several of these details may be applicable for welding alloy steels as well as structural aluminum. When applying the joint details in this pocket handbook to materials other than low carbon construction steels, the appropriate welding specifications for the specific material should be consulted.

Several of the joint details in this pocket handbook are applicable for welding joints in tubular products.

6

Nomenclature of Groove Joint Details Legend for Groove Details

α

α

β

Shown: R = Root Opening (maximum) S1 = Depth of Groove, Side 1 S2 = Depth of Groove, Side 2 T = Base Metal Thickness α = Groove Angle (minimum) β = Bevel Angle (maximum) f = Root Face (maximum) Additional, But Not Illustrated: r = Groove radius (minimum) s = Spacer strip

Figure 1—Example of Details for Illustrative Purpose 7

Legend for AWS Joint Designations Symbols for joint types (B) – butt joint (C) – corner joint (WP) – Welding Positions Permitted (T) – T-joint (BC) – butt or corner joint (GS) – FCAW Gas Shielding Req’d. (TC) – T- or corner joint (BTC) – butt, T-, or corner joint (Desig.) – AWS Joint Designation Symbols for base metal thickness L – limited thickness Symbols for weld types (1) – square groove (2) – single-V-groove (3) – double-V-groove (4) – single-bevel-groove (5) – double-bevel-groove

U – unlimited thickness

(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

8

– – – – –

single-U-groove double-U-groove single-J-groove double-J-groove flare bevel groove

Symbols for welding process, if not shielded metal arc S – submerged arc welding G – gas metal arc welding F – flux cored arc welding

BACKGOUGE (EXCEPT B-L1-S)

Welding processes SMAW – shielded metal arc welding GMAW – gas metal arc welding SAW – submerged arc welding FCAW – flux cored arc welding

Welding Process

Welding positions F – flat H – horizontal V – vertical OH – overhead

Desig. T R WP GS

The lower case letters, e.g., a, b, c, etc., are used to differentiate between joints that would otherwise have the same joint designation.

SMAW

GMAW FCAW

SAW

SAW

B-L1b 1/4 max T1/2 All —

B-L1b-GF 3/8 max 1/8 All Not req’d.

B-L1a-S 5/8 max 0 F —

B-L1-S 3/8 max 0 F —

Figure 2—Example of Designations for Illustrative Purpose 9

Square-groove weld (1) Butt joint (B) Corner joint (C)

Welding Process

Desig. T1 T2 R WP GS

10

SMAW

SMAW

GMAW FCAW

B-L1a 1/4 max — T1 All —

C-L1a 1/4 max U T1 All —

B-L1a-GF 3/8 max — T1 All Not req’d.

Square-groove weld (1) Butt joint (B)

BACKGOUGE (EXCEPT B-L1-S)

Welding Process

Desig. T R WP GS

11

SMAW

GMAW FCAW

SAW

SAW

B-L1b 1/4 max T1/2 All —

B-L1b-GF 3/8 max 1/8 All Not req’d.

B-L1a-S 5/8 max 0 F —

B-L1-S 3/8 max 0 F —

Square-groove weld (1) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)

Welding Process

Desig. T1 T2 R WP GS

12

SMAW

GMAW FCAW

SAW

TC-L1b 1/4 max U T1 /2 All —

TC-L1-GF 3/8 max U 1/8 All Not req’d.

TC-L1-S 3/8 max U 0 F —

Single-V-groove weld (2) Butt joint (B)

BACKGOUGE

α

Welding Process SMAW

GMAW FCAW

Desig.

B-U2

B-U2-GF

B-L2c-S

T

U

U

>1/2 to 1

SAW

SAW

SAW

B-L2c-S

B-2Lc-S

> 1 to 1-1/2 >1-1/2 to 2

R

1/8

1/8

0

0

0

α

60°

60°

60°

60°

60° 5/8

f

1/8

1/8

1/4

1/2

WP

All

All

F

F

F

GS

—

Not req’d.

—

—

—

13

Single-V-groove weld (2) Butt joint (B)

α

Welding Process SMAW SMAW SMAW Desig. B-U2a

B-U2a

GMAW FCAW

GMAW FCAW

GMAW FCAW

SAW

SAW

B-U2a B-U2a-GF B-U2a-GF B-U2a-GF B-L2a-S B-U2a-S

T

U

U

U

U

U

U

2 max

U

R

1/4

3/8

1/2

3/16

3/8

1/4

1/4

5/8

30°

20°

30°

30°

45°

30°

20°

F, V, OH

F, V, OH

F

F

Required Not req’d. Not req’d.

—

—

α

45°

WP

All

GS

—

F, V, OH F, V, OH F, V, OH —

—

14

Single-V-groove weld (2) Corner joint (C)

Welding Process

Desig. T R α f WP GS

15

SMAW

GMAW FCAW

SAW

C-U2 U 1/8 60° 1/8 All —

C-U2-GF U 1/8 60° 1/8 All Not req’d.

C-U2b-S U 1/8 60° 1/4 F —

Double-V-groove weld (3) Butt joint (B)

α

α

Welding Process Desig. T R α f s WP

16

SMAW

SMAW

SMAW

SAW

B-U3a U 1/4 45° 1/8 1/8 × R All

B-U3a U 3/8 30° 1/8 1/8 × R F, V, OH

B-U3a U 1/2 20° 1/8 1/8 × R F, V, OH

B-U3a-S U 5/8 20° 1/4 1/4 × R F

Double-V-groove weld (3) Butt joint (B)

α

α

Welding Process

T1

GMAW FCAW

SAW

over

to

S1

B-U3-GF U 1/8 60° 1/8 — All Not req’d.

B-U3c-S U 0 60° 1/14 See table F —

2 2-1/2 3 3-5/8 4 4-3/4 5-1/2

2-1/2 3 3-5/8 4 4-3/4 5-1/2 6-1/4

1-3/8 1-3/4 2-1/8 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/4 3-3/4

SMAW Desig. B-U3b T U R 1/8 α 60° f 1/8 — S1 WP All GS —

For B-U3c-S only

17

Single-U-groove weld (4) Butt joint (B) α

Welding Process

Desig. T R α GS WP

SMAW

SMAW

GMAW FCAW

GMAW FCAW

GMAW FCAW

SAW

SAW

B-U4a U 1/4 45° — All

B-U4a U 3/8 30° — All

B-U4a-GF U 3/16 30° Required All

B-U4a-GF U 1/4 45° Not req’d. All

B-U4a-GF U 3/8 30° Not req’d. F, H

B-U4a-S U 3/8 30° — F

B-U4a-S U 1/4 45° — F

18

Single-bevel-groove weld (4) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)

Welding Process SMAW

SMAW

GMAW FCAW

GMAW FCAW

GMAW FCAW

SAW

SAW

Desig. TC-U4a TC-U4a TC-U4a-GF TC-U4a-GF TC-U4a-GF TC-U4a-S TC-U4a-S T U U U U U U U R 1/4 3/8 3/16 3/8 1/4 3/8 1/4 α 45° 30° 30° 30° 45° 30° 45° GS — — Required Not req’d. Not req’d. — — WP All F, H, OH All F All F F

19

Single-bevel-groove weld (4) Butt joint (B) α

Welding Process

Desig. T R α f WP GS

20

SMAW

GMAW FCAW

SAW

B-U4b U 1/8 45° 1/8 All —

B-U4b-GF U 1/8 45° 1/8 All Not req’d.

B-U4b-S U 0 60° 1/4 F —

Double-bevel-groove weld (5) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)

Welding Process

Desig. T R α f GS WP

21

SMAW

GMAW FCAW

SAW

TC-U5b U 1/8 45° 1/8 — All

TC-U5-GF U 1/8 45° 1/8 Not req’d. All

TC-U5-S U 0 60° 1/4 — F

Double-bevel-groove weld (5) Butt joint (B) α

α

β

Welding Process

Desig. T R f α β WP GS

22

SMAW

GMAW FCAW

B-U5a U 1/8 1/8 45° 15° All —

B-U5-GF U 1/8 1/8 45° 15° All Not req’d.

Double-bevel-groove weld (5) Butt joint (B) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)

α

α

Welding Process Desig. T R α f s WP

23

SMAW

SMAW

SMAW

B-U5b U 1/4 45° 1/8 1/8 × R All

TC-U5a U 1/4 45° 1/8 1/4 × R All

TC-U5a U 3/8 30° 1/8 1/4 × R F, OH

Single-U-groove weld (6) Butt joint (B) Corner joint (C) α

α

Welding Process GMAW GMAW SMAW SMAW SMAW SMAW FCAW FCAW Desig. B-U6 B-U6 C-U6 C-U6 B-U6-GF C-U6-GF T U U U U U U R 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 α 45° 20° 45° 20° 20° 20° f 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 r 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 GS — — — — Not req’d. Not req’d. WP All F, OH All F, OH All All 24

Double-U-groove weld (7) Butt joint (B)

α

α

Welding Process

Desig. T R α f r WP GS

25

SMAW

SMAW

GMAW FCAW

SMAW

B-U7 U 1/8 45° 1/8 1/4 All —

B-U7 U 1/8 20° 1/8 1/4 F, OH —

B-U7-GF U 1/8 20° 1/8 1/4 All Not req’d.

B-U7-S U 0 20° 1/4 1/4 F —

Single-J-groove weld (8) Butt joint (B)

Welding Process

Desig. T R α f r WP GS

26

SMAW

GMAW FCAW

SAW

B-U8 U 1/8 45° 1/8 3/8 All —

B-U8-GF U 1/8 30° 1/8 3/8 All Not req’d.

B-U8-S U 0 45° 1/4 3/8 F —

Single-J-groove weld (8) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)

α

Welding Process

Desig. T R α f r WP GS

27

SMAW

SMAW

GMAW FCAW

SAW

TC-U8a U 1/8 45° 1/8 3/8 All —

TC-U8a U 1/8 30° 1/8 3/8 F, OH —

TC-U8a-GF U 1/8 30° 1/8 3/8 All Not req’d.

TC-U8a-S U 0 45° 1/4 3/8 F —

Double-J-groove weld (8) Butt joint (B) α

α

Welding Process

Desig. T R α f r WP GS

28

SMAW

GMAW FCAW

B-U9 U 1/8 45° 1/8 3/8 All —

B-U9-GF U 1/8 30° 1/8 3/8 All Not req’d.

Double-J-groove weld (8) T-joint (T) Corner joint (C)

α

α

Welding Process

Desig. T R α f r WP GS

29

SMAW

SMAW

GMAW FCAW

TC-U9a U 1/8 45° 1/8 3/8 All —

TC-U9a U 1/8 30° 1/8 3/8 F, OH —

TC-U9a-GF U 1/8 30° 1/8 3/8 All Not req’d.

Metric Conversion Table (Commonly used conversions) Property area flow rate linear

mass (weight) pressure tensile strength

To Convert From inches2 millimeters2 feet3/hour liters/minute inches millimeters inches centimeters feet meters pounds kilograms psi kPa psi MPa

To millimeters2 inches2 liters/minute feet3/hour millimeters inches centimeters inches meters feet kilograms pounds kilopascal (kPa) psi megapascal (MPa) psi 30

Multiply by 6.452 × 102 1.550 × 10–3 0.472 2.119 25.4 3.937 × 10–2 2.54 0.3937 0.305 3.281 2.205 0.454 6.895 0.145 6.895 × 10–3 1.450 × 102