PHARM FACTS2

Drug Facts Study online at quizlet.com/_6yv48

#1 COD in males 2544

Hepatitis C

30.

Amoxicillin

Abx for Otitis Media

1

added to vit d by kidney

31.

Amphetamine tx

acidify urine

1st gen Cephalorsporins are also known as

One and dones

32.

Amphetamines

added to anti-depressants for refractory depression

33.

Anesthetic triad

hypnosis, analgesia, paralysis

4.

2, 7, 9, 10

Vit K helps form these clotting factors

Angioedema treatment

Epinephrine

5.

2mg gum

smoking 1-24 cigarettes per day

2nd gen- atypical antipsychotics

indicated for bipolar mania

35.

Anticholinergics

Alzheimer's patients should avoid

36.

Antimotility agents

Codeine Diphenoxylate/Atropine Loperamide

7.

4mg gum

smoking >24 cigarettes per day

8.

25

added to Vit D by liver

Antivirals for Herpes Simplex

Acyclovir Valacyclovir Penciclovir Famciclovir

9.

A1 agonist

should not be taken w/ uncontrolled HTN

10.

Abacavir

most potent NRTI

11.

Abacavir (ABC)

most potent NRTI

38.

APAP

1st line tx for early OA hepatotoxic

12.

Acebutolol

BB w/ ISA

39.

ARBs

-artan

Acetazolamide (CAI)

tx for altitude sickness

40.

ARV

once you start these drugs you must stay on them forever

14.

Acetone

metabolite of isopropyl alcohol

41.

ASA OD treatment

Alkalization of urine

15.

Acetylcholine

dopamine has an inverse relationship with

42.

Atazanavir

16.

Activated charcoal

sole decontaminate procedure

likes acid only ARV that decreases lipids increases bilirubin

Acyclovir

for suppression and tx of HSV-2

43.

Atazanavir

17.

decreases lipids likes acid

18.

Adrenal Gland

Produces hydrocortisone

44.

Atenolol

19.

Advair Diskus

Fluticasone and Salmeterol

BB- unlabeled use for migraine prophylaxis

20.

Albuterol

short acting B2 agonist- rescue agent

45.

Atorvastatin

most effective statin

21.

Allopurinol

decreases uric acid synthesis

46.

Atripla

FTC + TF + Efavirenz

22.

Allopurinol AE

SJS Toxic epidermal necrolysis AHS

47.

Atropine

father of all anticholinergics

48.

B1 (thiamine)

deficient in chronic alcoholics

B12 (cyanocobalamin)

we must get this from out diet

1.

2. 3.

6.

13.

34.

37.

49.

23.

alpha agonists

should be avoided while on MAO-Is

24.

Alprazolam

DOC for panic attacks

50.

Bactrim AE

25.

Amantidine

Influenza A tx along w/ parkinson's AE: insomnia

SJS Kernicterus

51.

BAS

2nd best at lowering LDL, but may increase triglycerides

52.

BAS AE

chelates

53.

Benadryl

1st line for insomnia

54.

Benzotropine

1 of three treatments for EPS

55.

Bile/Fat

required by Vit D supplements in order to be absorbed

26.

27.

Aminopenicillin

Amiodarone

Gram (+) and some Community acquired gram (-) ((E.Coli, H. Flu, M. Catarr)) AE: Visual disturbances Blue discolor to skin

28.

Amitryptiline

1st line prophylaxis of migraine if patient is also depressed

29.

Amlodipine

CCB- great for ptt w/ CHF

56.

Biologic DMARDS

group of drugs which should never be combo'd (shuts down both branches of immune system) Can reactivate TB (do PPD first)

77.

Chlopromazine

father of anti-psychotics

78.

Chocolate blood

Cyanide tx result

79.

Cholecalciferol (D3)

preferred supplemental form of Vitamin D

Cholinergic Overload happens in:

tetanus nerve gas exposure

Chronic use of steroids

> 20mg or prednisone for >14 days causes HPA suppression

82.

Ciclesonide

most hydrophilic inhaled steroid

83.

Cidofovir AE

renal toxicity

84.

Ciprofloxacin

DOC for anthrax

85.

Ciprofloxacin AE

tendon rupture

86.

Cisapride

Prokinetic agent related to QT interval prolongation

87.

Clarithromycin

macrolide with AE - metallic taste

88.

Clindamycin

causes drug-induced C Diff

89.

Clindamycin

DOC for aspiration pneumonia also used for topically for acne

90.

Clonazepam

long acting BDZ used for status epilepticus

91.

CMV treatment

Ganciclovir Foscarnet

92.

Cocaine

stimulates alpha-1, beta-1 and beta-2

93.

Colchicine

inhibits leukocyte entry into joints anti-inflammatory (doesn't manage pain)

94.

Colchicine AE

Agranulocytes Aplastic anemia alopecia

95.

Colesevelam

BAS causing mild decrease in HgBA1C

96.

Complera (Btripla)

FTC + TF + Rilpivirine

97.

Corticosteroids

HIV Cancer

long term used of this drug can cause HPA suppression.

98.

Cyanide presentation

cherry red or blue

Dantrolene or bromocriptine

treatment for NMS

57.

Biphosphonate AE

Osteonecrosis of jaw

58.

Biphosphonates

1st line for osteoporosis

59.

Biphosphonates/Alendronate

1st line treatment for Osteoporosis

60.

Black Widow

red hourglass shape

61.

Bromocriptine

dosed w/ L-dopa for hyperprolactinemia and NMS tx

62.

bronchial dilation

inhibiting PDE-4

63.

Brown Recluse

Violin-shaped venom is potent vasoconstrictor

64.

Bupropion C/I

eating disorders people with epilepsy

65.

Buspirone (Buspar)

anti-anxiety med that person can still drive BUS

66.

Calcitriol (1,25OHD3)

Vit D form used in ptts w/ chronic kidney dz active form

67.

Carbamezepine

TCA like DOC for trigeminal neuralgia (peripheral neuropathy) AE: SJS, hepatotoxicity

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Diuretic to manage Glaucoma

69.

Carvedilol

BB best for patients w/ CHF

70.

Cathartics/laxatives

C/I in the ingestion of corrosives

68.

71.

Cause Night sweats

80.

81.

72.

Causes loss of consciousness

Thiopental

99.

73.

central dopa decarboxylase

enzyme converting L-dopa to DA in CNS

100.

Dapsone

treats: brown recluse bite and leprosy

101.

Darunavir

ARV w/ sulfa-moiety

102.

decrease estrogen

to help bloating, edema, CV

103.

decrease progestin

to help w/ increases appetite and weight gain

74. 75.

76.

Cephalosporin

cross-sensitivity w/ PCN

Cerebrovascular accidents are common manifestation of:

cocaine toxicity

Cetirizine

most sedating of nonsedating anti-histamines

104.

decreased seizure threshold

excess excitatory NTs (Glutamate), or deficiency in inhibitory NTs (GABA)

128.

Ergots

constrict intracranial blood vessels and raise BP

129.

Estrogen

Inhibit ovulation, implantation; accelerate ovum transport; induction of luteolygis

Deferoxamine side effect

urine looks pink

Diazepam (diastatrectal formula)

used for tx of status epilepticus

130.

Eszopiclone

for chronic insomnia AE- taste disturbance

107.

Dicloxacillin

#1 PO for SA

131.

Ethambutol AE

Optic neuritis

108.

Dicyclomine

anticholinergic for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

132.

Ethanol

most commonly removed toxin via dialysis

Didanosine and Stavudine

NRTI's w/ AE of pancreatitis and peripheral neuropathy

133.

ethylene glycol

antifreeze

134.

ethylene glycol OD

Didansoine and Stavudine AEs

Peripheral Neuropathy Pancreatitis

calcium oxalate crystals in body fluids under Woods Lamp

Diltiazem

IV for A. Fib

Famciclovir or Penciclovir

for recurrent HSV or VZ

111. 112.

Dofetilide

1st line for persistent A fib

136.

Fatal hypotension

113.

Done nomogram

used to assess blood levels in ASA overdose

sildenafil interacts w/ nitrates to cause

137.

FDA approved combo for smoking cessation

Buproprion and nicotine patch

138.

Ferrous gluconate

most tolerable form of iron

139.

Finasteride

used for BPH but has secondary use for tx of alopecia Pregnant women should not even handle this drug

140.

Flagyl - Metronidazole

DOC for C Diff

141.

Fludrocortisone

DOC for Addison's DZ

105.

106.

109.

110.

114.

Donepezil

1st line DOC for Alzheimer's

115.

Dopamine

action of this drug depends on its dose

116.

117. 118.

119.

120.

121.

122.

135.

dopamine antagonists

antipsychotics are

Doxycycline

most potent tetracycline

Drugs causing angioedema

ASA ACE-I

drugs causing hemoptysis

TB Cancer

142.

Flumazanil

lowers seizure threshold reverses benzos

Drugs causing Traveler's Diarrhea

Metronidazole Fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxain Rifaximin

143.

Folic acid

can mask S/S of pernicious anemia

144.

Foscarnet

not activated by thymidine Kinase (TK) Used in resistant cases of HSV1, HSV-2 and CMV Must pre hydrate w/ NS

145.

Ganciclovir

for tx of CMV

146.

Gapapentin

good for neuropathic pain (diabetics) renally eliminated usually combo'd

Drugs interacting with oral contraceptives

abx seizure meds

Duloxetine

SNRI treats peripheral neuropathy

123.

Duplication therapy

combo'ing NSAIDS only increases risk of AE and doesn't increase efficacy

124.

Duranavir

sulfa-moiety

147.

Gels

greasiest topical treatment

125.

Efavirenz

anchor drug of Atripla 1st gen NNRTI

148.

Gemfibrozil

may increase bioavailability of some statins

126.

Enalapril

only ACE-Is available IV

149.

Glucagon

EPS (ExtraPyramidal Side Effects)

a 1st dose phenomenon associated with high potency anti-pscyhotics

DOC for tx of increasing isotropy works independently of sympathetic system

150.

Glucagon/Atropine

DOC for increased inotropy

127.

151.

Glucocorticoids

suppress LTs, PGs, and cytokines

178.

Interferon AE

flu depression suicide ideation

152.

Glucocorticoids AE

thrush

153.

Gout

chronic disorder w/ high levels of uric acid in blood

179.

Interferons

Used in combo w/ Ribavirin AE: flu, depression, suicidal symp

154.

H pylori

most common cause of nonNSAID induced ulcer

180.

Intraarticular Corticosteroids

potent anti-inflammatory for OA AE: tendon rupture

155.

H1

found primarily in the periphery

181.

Intrauterine devices

156.

H2

found primarily in the gut

immediate return to fertility risk of infection

157.

H2RAs

AE: confusion, thrombocytopenia, increases risk of pneumonia Renally eliminated -tidine

182.

Iron

absorption is enhanced by coadministration of acid

183.

Isoflurane AE

Coronary Steal

184.

Isoniazid (INH)

original antidepressant Hepatotoxic (cannot drink) always supplement pyridoxine (B6)

185.

IV Protamine

antidote to Unfractionated heparin

186.

Ivermectin

DOC for River blindness and strongyloidiasis also used to tx scabies

187.

Ivermectin SE

Mazzotti-type rxn and opthalmologic rxns

Kaletra (Lopinavir/Ritonavir)

only combo PI

189.

Kaletra is known as

"the forgiving Protease Inhibitor"

190.

Labetalol

BB for HTN urgency/emergency

Lamivudine and Emtricitabine

NRTIs that also treat Hep B

Lidocaine

for ventricle arrhythmias decreases seizure threshold

Lilly Cyanide Antidote Kit

Amyl Nitrite Pearls Sodium Nitrite (IV) Sodium Thiosulfate Needle and tourniquet

lithium SE

metallic taste

LMWH (low molecular weight heparin)

give IV for DVT/PE renally eliminated may cross placenta

Long acting barbituate

Phenobarbital Mephobarbital

197.

Loop

Diuretic w/ risk of hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hyper urea, and hyperglycemia

198.

Loss of consciousness

A generalized seizure has this trait.

199.

Lugol's Solution

SSKI

200.

MAC

minimum alveolar concentration

158.

Hallmark PCP toxicity

violent or bizarre behavior

159.

Haloperidol

1st generation/typical antipsychotic

160.

Haloperidol

Vit. H snows w/out respiratory depression

161.

HCTZ

1st line diuretic for HTN

162.

Hep A-- A is for:

Ate

163.

Hep B -- B is for:

Blood/Bodily Fluids

164.

Hep B/C treatment

Ribavirin Interferon

165.

Hep C -- C is for:

Cuts/sex

Hydrocarbons- group 2

kerosene/gasoline

Hydroxychloroquine

used for malaria prophylaxis AE: opthalmic toxicity

188.

166.

167.

168.

Hydroxyzine

191.

treats anxiety and is an antipruritic

192.

193.

169.

Hypothalamus

produces CRF

170.

increase estrogen

to help vasomotor symp (hot flashes)

194.

increase progestin or decrease estrogen

to help w/ dysmenorrhea

195.

Increase urinary output (renal)

2-5 mcg/kg/min of dopamine

173.

Indanavir AE

Kidney stones

174.

Indinavir

PI causing kidney stones

175.

Indomethacin

acute gout attack treatment

176.

Influenza A antivirals

Amantidine Rimantidine

INR and ammonia levels increase

>72 hours of APAP toxic

171.

172.

177.

196.

Macrolides Atypicals

Legionella Mycobacterium Chlamydia

Magnesium Sulfate

DOC for Torsades de pontes

Malignant Hyperthermia (MH)

hallmark = hyperkalemia tx = dantrolene and insulin w/ D5W

MAO-Is example

phenelzine tranylcypromine

Medication Overuse HA treatment

-Stop medications -Prednisone -DHE

206.

Medrol Dos Pack

for bad neuropathic pain or poison ivy

207.

Memantine

NMDA antagonist

208.

Methicillin

Old gold standard for SA

209.

Methylprednisolone

IV form of prednisone AE: demargination

201.

202. 203.

204.

205.

210.

Metoclopramide

Prokinetic sensitizes gut to Ach May exacerbate tremor

211.

Microcytic anemia

deficiency in iron

212.

Minocycline

1st line oral abx for acne

213.

Misoprostol

prevents NSAID induced ulcers Used to help induce labor

N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (N-ABQ)

hepatotoxic metabolite of APAP inactivated by glutathione

NAC dose in APAP overdose

load = 140mg/kg 70mg/kg Q4h x17doses

Nelfinavir AE

diarrhea

Neuraminidase Inhibitors

Zanamivir Osetlamivir (Tamiflu)

218.

Niacin

raises HDL

219.

Nifedipine

CCB great anti-HTN AE= gingival hyperplasia

214.

215.

216. 217.

220.

221.

222. 223.

224.

NMB of lethal injection

Pancuronium

NMS (Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome)

hallmark = hyperpyrexia associated w/ 1st gen antipsychotics risk of rhabdo

Normal DXA score

>/= -1

Not enough cholinergic stimulation:

Myasthenia gravis

227.

NRTIs

block conversion of vRNA to vDNA

228.

Nystatin

topical for candida albicans

229.

Opioid triad

Miosis, respiratory depression, and depressed LOC

230.

Oral Retinoid

best sebosuppressive agent

231.

Organophosphates/Pesticides

characteristic "garliclike" odor

232.

Orlistat

Prevents fat absorption. Must co-prescribe Vit A, D, E, K

233.

Osetoarthritis (OA)

degenerative joint dz most common form of arthritis in US

234.

Osmotic

Diuretic working in proximal tubules

235.

Osteoblast

builds bone

236.

Osteoclast

destroys/resorbs bone

237.

Osteoporosis DXA score

>/+ -2.5

238.

Oxacillin

#1 IV for SA

239.

Parasympathetic actions

Miosis Saliva Slow HR Constrict bronchi Peristalsis and secretion Release of bile Contract bladder

240.

Parathyroid Hormone

do not combo w/ biphosphonates only for severe osteoporosis

241.

Parkinsons

a back brain problem (cerebellum)

242.

PCP treatment

valium benzo and halidol

243.

Pegloticase (Krystexxa)

Last resort tx for Gout

244.

Penicillin G

Early Syphillis tx

245.

Penicillin V

A gram (+) bactericidal

PF Solution (Preservative Free)

this must be used for a regional blockade

Phenelzine

MAO-Is used to sedate

225. 226.

Non-allergic rhinitis

cholinergic phenomenon

Nonsteroidal K Sparing

Diuretic w/ risk of: hyperkalmeia, hypercalcemia, hypo magnesium

246.

Nonsteroidal Potassium Sparing

ineffective in ppl not making aldosterone (addison's dz)

247.

248.

Phenobarbital

drug saved for refractory general seizures

249.

Phenytoin

AE: rash (SJS), nystagmus, gingival hyperplasia Must give w/ lots of fluids and dilutant (propylene glycol) May compete w/ aspirin

250.

Pinworm

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

most potent tx for hypothyroidism high doses can be used to tx thyroid storm

Protease Inhibitors (PI)

most toxic and potent of HIV drugs

272.

Psychosis

a front brain problem

most common worm infection in US treatable OTC w/ pyrantel pamoate

273.

Pyrazinamide

used for Miliary TB (gets great CSF concentrations)

274.

Pyridoxine (B6)

should be avoided with administration of levodopa

275.

QRS prolongation and decreased seizure threshold

all antipsychotics have risk of this

Raise BP (Alpha-1 agonist)

>10 mcg/kg/min of dopamine

Raloxifene

BBW for increased risk of venous thromboembolism

Reversible Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Tacrine Donepezil Rivastigmine Galantamine

Rhabdo

severe in patients presentings w/ hyperthermia

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Systemic autoimmune dz affects joints symmetrically stiffness worse in morning

281.

Rhinovirus

the most common virus

282.

Ribavirin

for Hep B, Hep C and RSV (Respiratory Synctal Virus/ pulmonary infection) Teratogenic

283.

Ribavirin AE

anemia

284.

Rickets

Vit D deficiency -- softening of the bones/osetomalacia

251.

PIs for Hep C

Telaprevir Boceprevir

252.

Pituitary gland

produces ACTH

Plasminogen Activators (TPA)

most potent of all antiplatelets

Positive Iontrope (beta-1 agonist)

5-10 mcg/kg/min of dopamine

potassium

aldosterone hates (excretes)

Potent cholinergic phenomenon

vomiting

PPI

Most potent acide production inhibitors (permanently inhibit) hepatically eliminated (preferred in renal insufficiency) -prazole

253.

254.

255. 256.

257.

270.

271.

276.

277.

278.

279.

280.

Pramipexole or Rospinirole

for RLS (restless leg syndrome) great for tremor

Pravastatin

fewest drug interactions (hydrophilic)

Preferred Intraarticular Corticosteroids

Triamcinolone Methlprednisolone

261.

Probenecid

increases uric acid secretion

262.

Procainamide

causes lupus symptoms (butterfly rash on face)

285.

Rifampin

potent enzyme inducer causes red fluid discolorations

263.

Prodrug

drug not activated by swallowing but by cleaver/protease

286.

Rilpivirine

anchor drug of Complera 2nd gen NNRTI

264.

Progestin only OC

avoid in teens and young adults (acne and osteoporosis)

287.

Rimantidine

hydrophilic analogue of another drug used to tx Influenza A

265.

Progestins

Cervical mucus; Androgenic Mineralocorticoid

288.

Risedronate

Biphosphonate you can take postbreakfast

prolactin

dopamine hates this

289.

Ritonavir

266.

extends lock out period of ED drugs

267.

Propofol

for IV ICU sedation

290.

Ritonavir

268.

Propofol C/I

soy/egg allergies

used only as "booster" most potent CP450 inhibitor

Propranolol MAO for migraines

raises migraine threshold B-adrenergic antagonist

291.

Ritonavir

CP450 Inhibitor Interacts w/ inhaled c.steroids

258.

259.

260.

269.

Rumack-Matthew Nomogram

used to assess blood levels in APAP overdose

293.

Scurvy

deficiency in Vitamin C

294.

Seeding

When virus DNA integrates w/ hosts DNA. Point of no return

292.

TCA example

Imipramine

TCA OD treatment

Bicarb

320.

TCA overdose

Hallmark sign:: prolonged QRS interval on EKG

321.

TCAs

number 1 cause of intentional suicide in US

322.

Tenofovir

NtRTI used mostly in PREP

323.

Terbinafine

DOC for onychomycoses

324.

Teriparatide

BBW for osteosarcoma

318. 319.

295.

Selegiline

protects central DA stores in CNS MAO-type b

296.

Sexual dysfunction

common side effect of TCAs and SSRI's

297.

Short acting barbituate

pentobarbital secobarbital

298.

Sildenafil

PED-5 inhibitor

325.

Tetracycline

DOC for lyme disease

299.

Sildenafil AE

priapism Blue-tinted vision

326.

Tetracyclines

C/I in pregnant women and children-causes yellow/deformed teeth

300.

Simethicone

Flatulence

327.

Thiazide

301.

sodium

aldosterone loves

Diuretic w/ risk of: hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, hypo magnesium, hyper urea, and hyperglycemia

302.

Solutions/lotions

least greasy topical tx (dries fastest)

Thiazide and Indapamide

Diuretics working in distal tubule

303.

Sprionolactone AE

gynecomastia

329.

Tinnitus

elderly w/ chronic ASA OD presentation

304.

SSRI example

Fluoxetine

330.

Tompiramate

305.

Statins

most effective at decreasing LDL

used for infantile spasms and weight loss

306.

Status Asthmaticus tx

IV steroid

Topical Retinoids

increase skin turn-over to decrease lesions

307.

Stavudine (D4T)

can't combo w/ AZT (Zidovudine)

Stops heart for lethal injections

Potassium Chloride

Topical therapies for arthritis

Capsaicin Methylsalicylate

subdermal Progestin implants

decreased efficacy in ptts >130% IBW fertility returns to normal after 30 days

Transdermal contraceptive

not effective in women >198pds

Transdermal Patch

available 21/14/7mg/day

335.

Tranylcypromine

MAO-Is used to activate

336.

Trazadone

treats insomnia AE- orthostatic hypotension and priapism

Triad of Parkinson's Dz

Bradykinesia Rigidity Tremor

Triptans

vasoconstrict and block pain pathway

Triptans (serotonin receptor agonist)

Do not use w/in 24hr of ergot

Typical ARV recipe

2RTI and 1: NNRTI, PI, or II

Ultra-short acting Barbituate

Methohexital Thiopental

308.

309.

310.

Sucralfate

GI agent containing Aluminum (may chelate)

311.

Sulfasalazine

used for ulcerative colitis and RA

312.

Sympathetic actions

Dilate pupils (mydriasis) Fast HR Dilates bronchi Glycogen-->glucose Adrenaline

328.

331.

332.

333.

334.

337.

338. 313.

Sympathomimetic

Pseudoephedrine

314.

Syrup of Ipecac

follow w/ water to prevent dry heaving

315.

Tadalafil

ED drug you can take just prior to sex

316.

Tapeworm

tx= praziquantel or albendazole

317.

TB tx regimen

4 drugs x 4 mths then 2 drugs x 2 mths

339.

340.

341.

342.

Unfractionated Heparin

doesn't cross placenta- okay in pregnancy Monitor PTT dose 80/18 units/kg/hr

343.

Valacyclovir

prodrug of acyclovir

344.

Valproic Acid

widest spectrum of use (for seizures) prophylaxis for migraines AE: hepatotoxicity

345.

Vancomycin

Gold standard for Gram (+) Red man syndrome

346.

Verapamil

DOC for prophylaxis migraine if patient also has HTN or angina

347.

Vitamin A

chronic tox causes painful/tender long bones and alopecia

348.

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

antioxidant helps maintain B12 cells may help form renal stones

349.

VPA, Topiramate, Gabapentin

DOC for prophylaxis migraine if patient also has seizures, anxiety or bipolar

350.

Zidovudine (AZT)

oldest NRTI AE: Anemia

351.

Zoledronic acid

1st line IV for osteoporosis