Phar 3 Lab - Monthly Reviewer

PHAR 3 (LAB) - Monthly Reviewer PART 1: PREPARATIONS Preparation 1: Anhydrous Thyroxine Na Category: Powder - drug or chemical in dry form which can be taken internally (nose, throat, tooth) or externally (skin) Production Method: 1. Comminution/ Particle Size -reduction of particle size  Large Scale - mill  Extemporaneous -Trituration - reducing by rubbing the particles by mortar & pestle. -Pulverization by intervention - state of condition of solid with the aid of anoher example: camphor + alcohol iodine + ether -Levigation -- formulation of paste by a levigating agent (example: glycerin) 2.

Hygroscopic -absorb/ adsorb moisture - ZnCl, NaCl Deliquescent -absorbs moisture & liquid - CuSO4 *Powder - chartulae *Description- properly folded *Uses- thyroxine Formulation Ingredients Eltroxin Lactose

Original Amount 100 mcg 200 mg

Computed Amount 25 mcg 50 mg

Procedure 1. triturate lactose 2. pulverized tablet 3. Mix together 4. Place in pill tile, form a block then divide into 4 potions 5. Wrap each individually in a glassine paper & place in paper envelope

Blending/ Mixing

extemporaneous -spatulation -trituration -sifting -tumbling -geometric dilution (potent drug) *geometric dilution 1g diluet ==> 1 g potent 3.

Divided Powder -weighing -block & divide

4.

Packaging Material 1. Powder Paper Type

-vegetable parchment -thin, semi-opaque, moisture resistant

-white bond -opaque, no moisture resistance

-glassine - waxed, transparent w/ moisture resistance

-waxed -transparent with water proof properties 2. Paper boxes/ Powder Envelopes Special Problems:

Volatile Substance -sealed plastic envelope -double wrapped with bond paper Eutectic Mixture -add diluents (starch, lactose) -ASA, camphor, menthol

Label: white Container: papertab (8 x13) envelope: (17 x 12.5) Preparation 2: Effervescent Granule Granules - prepared agglomerate of smaller particle size of powder -can pass through #4 - #12 sieve Effervescence -granules/ course to very course powder containing medicinal substances & dry powder Main Components 1. Na HCO3 2. C8H7O7 . H2O 3. C4H6O6

saline cathartic

Methods of Preparation 1. Wet Method - H20 +Alcohol H2O as moistening agent -pliable mass/paste -sieve then oven 2. Dry Method (fusion) -doesn't need binding agt/ moistening agent (vegetable /animal) 1. very coarse - all particle size pass through #8 sieve & not more than 20% pass through #60 sieve 2. coarse - all particle size pass through #20 sieve & not more than 40% pass through #60 sieve 3. moderately coarse - all particle size pass through #40 sieve & not more than 40% pass through #80 sieve

4. fine - all particle size pass through #60 sieve & not more than 40% pass through #100 sieve 5. very fine - all particle size pass through #80 sieve & no limit as to greater fineness Chemical 1. Coarse - all #20 sieve, NMT 60% #40 sieve 2. Mod. Coarse - all #40 sieve, NMT 60% #60 sieve 3. Fine - all #80 sieveno limit as to greater fineness 4. Vey Fine - all #120 sieve, no limit as to greater fineness Formulation Ingredients Citric acid NaHCO3 Tartaric acid

Original Amount 1g 3.4 g 2g

Computed Amount 2.3 g 8.0 g 4.7 g

Procedure 1. Triturate ingredients individually; then mix 2. Moisten with minimum of 10 drops of H2O 3. Sieve #12 4. Oven (34 - 40 degrees) 15 mins 5. Place in a container

If citric acid is used alone it will be very sticky & difficult to granulate. If Tartaric Acid is used alone it will not be firm & tend to crumble. These chem are used to be able to balance their properties. Sieve tube #4 - 4.75 mm #8 - 2.36 mm #10 - 2 mm

#12 - 1.7 mm #16 - 1.18 mm #18 - 1.0 mm

#20 - 850 mcm #40- 425 mcm #60 - 250 mcm

#80 - 180 mcm #100 - 150 mcm #120 - 125 mcm

Preparation # 3 : Aspirin Capsule Capsule - solid dosage forms containing medicinal substace enclosed in "shell" (gelatin) container Gelatin - partial hydrolysis from the skin, connective tissues, bones of animals Types of Capsule: 1. Hard gelatin Capsule/ Dry filled capsule - gelatin, sugar, water - colorless, transparent, tasteless - colored w/ FD&C dye ; D&C dye - opaque by titanium dioxide

2 telescoping part Body piece - longer Cup 2. Soft Gelatin Capsule - more moisture - contains preservative (methyl, propyl) Sizes of Capsule Size 000 00 0 1 2 3 4 5

Weight 15 gr 10 gr 7.5 gr 5 gr 4 gr 3 gr 2 gr 1 gr

Volume 1.36 mL 0.95 mL 0.67 mL 0.48 mL 0.37 mL 0.27 mL 0.20 mL 0.13 mL

Examples of fill in HGC 1. granules & powders 2. pellet mixture 3. tablet 4. capsule 5. paste Examples of fill in SGC 1. pasty material 2 .scaled liquid 3. preformulated tablet 4. suspension 5. dry powder Procedure 1. know the capsule size ( #1 capsule) 2. needed amount of aspirin (650 mg) 3. triturate the ingredients 4. place in a pill tile 5. remove/ separate the capsule 6. do the Punch Method * press repeatedly the open end of the body of capsule downward into the flat powder bed. 7. finger prints- partial dissolution of capsule 8. close the capsule 9. clean/polish the capsule with mineral oil 10. place appropriate container Preparation # 4: Glycerin Suppository Suppository - solid dosage form for insertion into the body orifice to melt, soften, dissolve, exert local/systemic effect. - from latin word "supponere" - to palce under ; "sub" - under ; "ponere" -to place Local Effect - 1/3 Systemic Effect - lower than local

Types

PART 2: CONVERSION

1. rectal - cylindrical bullet type shape *infant : 1g ; adult 2 g

2. urethral - slender, pencil type shape - 3.6 mm diameter *male: 4g => 100 - 150 mm long *female: 2 g => 60 - 70 mm long 3. Vaginal -globular, ovi form - 3g - 5g

RARE SUPPOSITORIES: 4. Nasal Suppository "burginarium" 5. Aural Suppository "ear cones"

Apothecary Fluid Measure 60 minims = 1 fluiddrachm 8 fluiddrachm = 1 fluidounce 16 fluidounce = 1 pint 2 pint =1quart 4 quarts = 2 gallon Apothecary Measure of Weight 20 grains =1 scruple 3 scruples = 1 drachm 8 drachm = 1ounce 12 ounce =1 pound Interconversion

Methods 1. Molding/ Fussion - heat 2. Cold Compression 3. Hand molding/ rolling/ shaping 4. Compression into tablet Bases:

1. Fatty/oleagenous Bases - cocoa butter -dehydag -cothar -witepsol -wecobel

2. Water Soluble -glycerinated gelatin (Jel-o) -polyethylene glycol (polybase) 3. Miscellenous base - combination of oleagenous & water poly oxyl 40 stearate Procedure 1. lubricate the molder with mineral oil then place in the freezer 2. weigh the diff constituents 3. melt the glycerin by water bath/ heating mantle 4. add monohydrate NA2CO3 (triturated) 5. add water + steric acid 6. stir the mixture & place in the molder 7. place it back in the freezer (5-10 mins) 8. remove it then wrap in aluminum foil glycerin (1.248 g/ml) - 12.4 g monohydrated Na2CO3 - 0.54 g stearic acid - 2.48 g water - 1.67 g

1meter 1inch

=39.37 in =2.54 cm

1mL 1minim 1fluidrachm 1fluidounce 1 pint 1quart 1 gal

=16.23 minims =0.06 mL =3.69 mL =29.57 mL = 473 mL = 946 mL = 3785 mL

1g 1kg 1gr 1 avoir oz 1 apoth oz 1avoir lb 1apoth lb

= 15.432 gr = 2.20 lb = 0.065 g =28.35 g =31.1 g =454 g =373 g

PART 3: LATIN TERMS ABBREVIATIONS

LATIN TERM / PHRASE

ENGLISH MEANING

1. a., applic.

applicantus, a, um

to be applied

2. aa

ana

of each

3. a.c., ant. cib.

ante cibum

before food

4. ad

ad

to sufficient or to produce

5. addend

addendus, a, um addendo

to be added by adding

6. a.h., alt.hor.

alternis horis

every other hour

7. a.j.

ante jentaculum

before breakfast

8. alt. die

alterno die

every other day

9. aq. calid.

aqua calida

hot water

10. aq. dest.

aqua destillata

distilled water

11. ad. frig.

aqua frigida

cold water

12. aug.

augeatur

let it be increased

13. aur.

auris

the ear

14. b.

bis

twice

15. b.d., b.i.d.

bis die, bis in die

twice daily

16. b.t.d., b.t.i.d.

bis terve in die

two or three times a day

17. c.c.

cum cibos

with food

18. c.l.q.s.

cuilibet quantum sufficiat

a sufficient quantity or as you please

19. cap.

cape capitat capiatur capiantur capiendus, a, um

take let him take let it be taken let them be taken to be taken

20. comp.

compositus, a, um

compound

21. coch.

cochleare

spoonful

22. conc.

concentratus, a, um

concentrate

23. d.d. 24. d. in p. aeq.

de die divide in partes aequales

daily divide into equal parts

25. d.p.

directione propria

with proper directions

26. decub. hor.

decubitas hora

at bedtime

27. dext.

dexter

right, on the right

28. dil.

dilutus, a, um

diluted

29. div.

divide

divide

30. dol. urg.

dolore urgente

when the pain is severe

31. dolent. part.

dolente parti

to the afflicted part

32. dup., dx.

duplex

double

33. dur.

durus

hard

34. dur. dol.

durante dolore

when the pain lasts

35. e.m.p.

ex modo praescripto

in the manner prescribed

36. e. paul. aq.

ex paulo aquae

in a little water

37. ex

ex

from out of

38. ex aq.

ex aqua

with water

39. ex. aq. coch. ampl.

ex aqua cochleari amplo

in a tablespoonful of water

40. extempl.

extemplo

immediately

41. f., ft.

fiat fiant

let it be made let them be made

42. fort.

fortis, e

strong

43. gtt.

gutta, guttae

drop, drops, eye-drops

44. guttur

gutturi

to the throat

45. h.s.

hora somni

at bedtime

46. hac noct.

hac nocte

tonight

47. i.c.

inter cibos

between meals

48. in loc. Frig.

In loco frigido

in a cool place

49. infric.

Infracandus, a, um Infricetur

to be rubbed in let it be rubbed

50. laev.

laevus, a, um

left, on the left

51. luc. p.

luce prima

early in the morning

52. m.

misce

mix

53. m., man.

mane

in the morning

54. m., mitt.

mitte

send

55. m.d.

moredicto

as directed

56. n., noct.

nocte

at night

57. n. mque.

nocte maneque

night and morning

58. n. et m.

nocte et mane

night and morning

59. ne rep.

ne repetatur

do not repeat

60. non rep.

non repetatur

do not repeat

61. N.P., nom. prop.

nomen proprium

proper name

62. o., om.

omni

every, each

63. oc., ocul.

oculus

the eye

64. o.d.

omni die

everyday

65. p.a., part. aff.

parti affectae

to the affected part

66. p.a.a.

parti affectae applicandus

to the applied to the affected part

67. p. aeq.

partes aequales

equal parts

68. p.c.

post cibum

after food

69. p.m.

post meridiem primo mane

afternoon early in the morning

70. p.p.a.

phiala prius agitata

the bottle having first been shaken

71. p.r.n.

pro re nata

when required

72. pond.

ponderosus

heavy

73. ppt.

praecipitatus, a, um

precipitated

74. pro dos.

prodosi

for a dose

75. prox. luc. 76. pulv.

proximaluce pulverisatus, a, um

on the next day powdered

77. q., qq.

quaque

every

78. q.d.s.

quarter die sumendus, a, um

to be taken four times daily

79. q. dx.

quantitas duplex

double quantity

80. q.h.s.

quartis horis sumendus

to be taken every four hours

81. q.i.d.

quarter in die

four times a day

82. q.q.h.

quarta quaque hora

every four times

83. q.s.

quantum sufficiat

as much as is sufficient

84. quart.

quarter, a, um

fourth

85. quot.

quotidie

daily

86. Rx

recipe

take

87. rep.

repetatur

let it be repeated

88. rep. dos.

repetatur dosis

let the dose be repeated

89. s.

sine

without

90. s., sum.

sumat sumatur sumantur sumendus, a, um

let him take let it be taken let them be taken to be taken

91. s.a.

secumdum artem

with pharmaceutical skill (i.e. according to art)

92. saep.

saepe

often

93. sem in die

semen in die

once a day

94. sicc.

siccus

dried

95. s., sinist.

Sinister

left, on the left

96. sig.

signa

label

97. S.O.S.

si opus sit

if necessary

98. ss.

semis

the half

99. stat.

statim

immediately

100. sug.

Sugatur

let it be sucked

101. t..d.s. 102. t.i.d.

ter diesumendus, a, um ter in die

to be taken three times daily three times daily

103. t.q.d., t.q.i.d.

terquarterve in die

three or four times daily

104. tuss.

tussis

a cough

105. tuss. urg.

tussis urgente

when the cough is troublesome

106. u., utend

utendus, a, um

to be used

107. u.d., ut dict.

ut dictum

as directed

108. ut.supr.

ut supra

as above

109. v., vesp.

vespere

in the evening

PRESCRIPTION FILLING DIRECTIONS ABBREVIATION aa. ad disp. div. d.t.d. ft M. No. non rep / NR q.s. q.s. ad Sig.

LATIN ORIGIN ana ad dispensatur dividatur dentur tales doses fiat mice numero non repatatur quantum sufficit quantum sufficiat ad Signa

MEANING of each up to; to make dispense divide give of such doses make mix number do not repeat a sufficient quantity a sufficient quantity to make write (directions on label)

QUANTITIES AND MEASUREMENT ABBREVIATION (LATIN ORIGIN) BSA cm3 f or fl (fluidus) flʒ or fʒ fl℥ss or f℥ss g gal gtt (gutta) lb (libra) kg L m2 or M2 mcg mEq mg mg/kg mg/m2 mL mL/h mOsm or mOsmol oz. pt. qt. ss or (semissem) tbsp. tsp.

MEANING body surface area cubic centimeter or millimeter (mL) fluid fluid dram ( teaspoonful, 5 mL) half-fluidounce ( tabalespponful, 15 mL) gram gallon drop pound kilogram liter square meter microgram milliequivalent milligram milligrams (of drug) per kilogram (of body weight) milligrams (of drug) per square meter (of body surface area) milliliter milliliters (of drug administered) per hour (as through intravenous administration) milliosmoles ounce pint quart one half tablespoonful teaspoonful

SIGNA / PATIENT INSTRUCTIONS ABBREVIATION a.c. ad lib. admin

LATIN ORIGIN ante cibos ad libitum -----

MEANING before meals at pleasure, freely administer

A.M. aq. ATC b.i.d. c or d dil. et h. or hr. h.s. i.c. min. m&n N&V noct. NPO p.c. P.M. p.o. p.r.n. q qAM q4h, q8h, etc. q.i.d. rep. s s.i.d. s.o.s. stat. t.i.d. ut dict. wk.

ante meridiem aqua ----bis in die cum die dilitus ----hora hora somni inter cibos minutum --------nocte non per os post cibos post meridiem per os pro de nata quaque --------quarter in die repetatur sine semel in die si opus sit statim ter in die ut dictum -----

morning water around the clock twice a day with day dilute and hour at bedtime between meals minute morning and night nausea and vomiting night nothing by mouth after meals afternoon; evening by mouth (orally) as needed every every morning every __ hours four times a day repeat without once a day if there is need; as needed immediately three times a day as directed week

MEDICATIONS ABBREVIATIONS APAP ASA AZT EES HC HCTZ MTX NTG

MEANING acetaminophen aspirin zidovudine erythromycin ethylsuccinate hydrocortisone hydrochlorothiazide methotrexate nitroglycerin

ABBREVIATIONS BM BP BS CHD CHF GERD GI GFR GU HA HBP HRT HT or HTN

MEANING bowel movement blood pressure blood sugar coronary heart disease congestive heart failure gastrointestinal reflux disease gastrointestinal glomerular filtration rate genitourinary headache high blood pressure hormone replacement therapy hypertension

CLINICAL

IOP MI OA Pt SOB TPN URI UTI

intraocular pressure myocardial ischemia/ infarction osteoarthritis patient shortness of breath total parenteral nutrition upper respiratory infection urinary tract infection

DOSAGE FORMS / VEHICLES ABBREVIATIONS amp. cap. D5LR D5NS D5W D10W elix. inj. NS ½ NS oint. or ungt. (unguentum) pulv. (pulvis) RL, R/L or LR sol. (solutio) supp. (suppositorium) susp. syr. (syrupus) tab. (tabletta)

MEANING ampul capsule dextrose 5% in lactated Ringer’s dextrose 5% in normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) dextrose 5% in water dextrose 10% in water elixir injection normal saline half-strength normal saline ointment powder Ringer’s Lactate or Lactated Ringer’s solution suppository suspension syrup tablet

ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION ABBREVIATION CIVI ID IM IT IV IVB IV Drip IVP IVPB NGT p.o. or PO (per os) rect. SL SubQ Top. V or PV

MEANING continuous (24 hour) intravenous infusion intradermal intramuscular intrathecal intravenous intravenous bolus intravenous infusion intravenous push intravenous piggy back nasogastric tube by mouth rectal or rectum sublingual subcutaneously topically vaginally