PH de Ativos de Uso Tópico

 

2ª Ngdêâc Ngdê âc ‒ Ifc ;=97

 

R Ä [ d N I f HI HI [ @ I J

@I fuIl gN @IfuIl NRtIkdldgIgN A gN ItdvcR gN uRc tòpdbc p

2ª Ngdêâc Ngdê âc ‒ Ifc ;=97

][NRDGNFWN  Ign`dr Xilärdc Xilärdc gi Rdlvi 

GD[NWC[NR Dvif gi Ji`i Wndxndri | 9ª Xdbn-prnsdgnftn Birlcs Ilknrtc ]. Cldvndri | ;µ Xdbn-prnsdgnftn  Iftåfdc Jnrilgc [. gcs Riftcs | 2µ Xdbn-prnsdgnftn Xdbn-prnsdgnftn @irbnlc Krisdl gc Bcutc | Rnbrntérdc Jnril [neifn Ilvns Jun Ac﬍`iff | ;µ Rnbrntérdi   Igclhc Bikril Hdlac Hdlac | Wnscurndrc Wnscurndrc @érbdi Ipirnbdgi Jutdnrrnz | ;µ Wnscurndri   Ifi Lõbdi @. ]cvrnslc ]cvrnslc | Bcfsnlac HHdsbil dsbil @irbcs Iftcfdc B. Cldvndri | Bcfsnlac Hdsbil @irdfi Riyurd @. Aisad`ctc | Bcfsnlac Hdsbil  Ifi Lõbdi @. ]cvrnslc ]cvrnslc | Gdrntcri Wäbfdbi  Jnrscf Ippnl | Gdrntcr gn Bc`ufdbiêâc

 IRRCBDIÊÂC FIBDCFIL GN H HI[@IBÅ^WDBCR I[@IBÅ^WDBCR @IJDRW @IJDRW[IDR [IDR @ifuil gn Nstikdldgign5 pA gn itdvcs gn usc tòpdbc ‒ 2ª ngdêâc (;=97) - Krisdl, Râc ]iulc. 94: péjs.

9. pA. ;. Itdvcs gn ^sc Wòpdbc. 2. Kisn Jilåfdbi. 7. ]rnpiriêþns @ijdstrids. >.Nstikdldgign. 8.@ifdpuliêâc. 8.@ifdpuliêâc. D, Hufgiêâc Hufgiêâc Kdkldctnbi Fibdcfil.

 

NLIKC[IÊÂC @irdi Ipirnbdgi Fdbclnttd 9 @ijild gi Rdlvi ]ibanbc Fckrn Fckrn [cssd ;  Ift÷fdc Ilvns [cssd 2

BCFW[DK^DÊÂC N [NXDRÂC

Bircldfi Ifgrni Lndvi Gilsdf Hdcrn Dvif gi Ji`i Wndxndri  Wndxndri   Ecsä Ift÷fdc Kitdstuzzc Lõbdi Anlnfi Jcfziji ]dftc Xijfnr @djunl

9

  Hir`ibåu Hir`ibåutdbi tdbi Kdcquà`dbi hhcr`igi cr`igi pnli Hibulgign gn Bdåfbdis Hir` Hir`ibåutdbis ibåutdbis gi ^ ^fdvnrfdvnrsdgign Nstiguil Eõldc gn @nsqudti Hdlac (^fnsp) ‒ Bi`pus Iririquiri/R]. @nstrigc n Gcutcrigc n` Hér`ibcs n @ngdbi`nftcs pnli ^fdvnrsdgign gn Râc ]iulc. ]rchª. Grª. gc Bursc gn Hir`ébdi gi ^fdvnrsdgign gn Juirulacs. Hir`ibåutdbi rnspcfsévnl pnli Hir`ébdi Nsbcli (HI[@^R]) (HI[@^R]) gc Gnpirti`nftc gn Hir`ébdi gi Hibulgign gn Bdåfbdis Hir`ibåu Hir`ibåutdtdbis gi ^fdv ^fdvnrsdgign nrsdgign gn Râc ]iulc. Nspnbdildziêâc n` Jnstâc gi Issdståfbdi Hir`ibåutdbi pnli ^fdvnrsdgign Hngnril gn Rifti Bitirdfi B itirdfi ;   Hir`ibåu Hir`ibåutdbi tdbi Kdcquà`dbi hhcr`igi cr`igi pnli Hibulgign gn Bdåfbdis Hir` Hir`ibåutdbis ibåutdbis gi ^ ^fdfd vnrsdgign gn Râc ]iulc ]iulc.. Nspnbdildsti n` @ifd @ifdpuliêâc puliêâc @ijdstril @ijdstril Ilcpétdbi ‒ Ifhir`ij. Nspnbdildziêâc n` Hir`ébdi Blàfdbi n It Itnfêâc nfêâc Hir`ibåutdbi ‒ ^fdvnrsdgign Ji`i Hdlac. Hir`ibåutdbi gi Hir`ébdi-Nsbcli (HI[@^R]) gc Gnpirti`nftc gn Hir`ébdi gi Hibulgign gn Bdåfbdis Hir`ibåu Hir`ibåutdbis tdbis gi ^fdvnrsdgign gn Râc ]iulc - R] 2 Hir`ibåutdbc Hir`ibåu tdbc Kdcquà`dbc hcr`igc pnli Hibulgign gn Hir`ébdi gi ^fdvnrsdgign Hngnril Hlu`dfnfsn. Nspnbdildsti n` @ifdp @ifdpuliêâc uliêâc @ijdstril Ilcpétdbi ‒ Ifhir`ij. ]rchnsscr gc Bursc Wäbfdbc gn Hir`ébdi gc Rnfib/Eikiquiri

 

R Ä [ d N I f HI HI [ @ I J

@I fuIl gN @IfuIl NRtIkdldgIgN pA

gN ItdvcR gN uRc tòpdbc 2ª Ngdêâc Ngdê âc ‒ Ifc ;=97

IJ[IGNBD@NFWCR

 I Ifhir`ij ijrignbn c ipcdc n c supcrtn täbfdbc hcrfnbdgcs pnlcs snjudftns gdstrdkudgcrns5 Hijrcf gc Krisdl Hir`ibåutdbi Ltgi. Hijrcf N`krihir`i ]rcgutcs Yuà`dbcs n Hir`ibåutd Hir`ibåutdbcs bcs Ltgi. Jilnfi Yuà`dbi n Hir`ibåutdbi Ltgi. Anfrdhir`i ]rcgutcs Yuà`dbcs n Hir`ibåutdbcs Ltgi. Dgnilhir`i Dfgõstrdi n Bc`ärbdc gn ]rcgutcs Hir`ibåutdbcs Ltgi. ]air`iRpnbdil Nspnbdildgigns Yuà`dbis n Hir`ibåutdbis Hir`ibåutdbis Ltgi. ]air`i Fcstri Bc`nrbdil Ltgi. Xdi Hir`i D`pcrtigcri Ltgi.

 

][NHÉBDC

Ä bc` sitdshiêâc qun gdspcfdkdldzi`cs i `ids fcvi ngdêâc gc @ifuil gn Nstikdldgign - pA gn Itdvcs gn ^sc Wòpdbc, Wòpdbc, c quil ä rnsultigc gc nfcr`n subnssc n åxdtc bcfqudstigcs n` suis ngdêþns iftnrdcrns. Gdiftn gi hrnqunftn gdspcfdkdldziêâc gn fcvcs itdvcs, kisns jilåfdbis n snus bc`pcfnftns, nsti ngdêâc i`pldi snu rcl gn sukstëfbdis, hcrfnbnfgc ics hir`ibåutdbcs d`prnsbdfgàvnds dfhcr`iêþns gn iltc tncr täbfdbc. Nstn @ifuil sn bcfscldgi bc`c u`i hnrri`nfti dfgdspnfsévnl í rctdfi gc likcritòrdc, pcds rnõfn n trifsbrnvn, gn hcr`i prétdbi n ckentdvi, dfhcr`iêþns ituildzigis rnildzigis pcr u`i `ultdgdsbdpldfir nqudpn gn trikilac. Bu`prd`nftc i tcgcs iqunlns qun bclikcriri`, gdrnti cu dfgdrnti`nftn, piri i rnildziêâc gn `ids nsti ckri, vdstc tnrn` bc`pirtdlaigc snus bcfanbd`nftcs n nxpnrdåfbdis bc` tcgi i bigndi `ijdstril. ]cr tugc dssc nsti pukldbiêâc, u` vnrgigndrc bc`påfgdc täbfdbc bc` i `irbi gi Ifhir`ij, rni﬉r`i c bc`prc`dssc gn fcssi nftdgign n` hcrfnbnr `ndcs piri c iprd`cri`nftc gi hir`ébdi `ijdstril krisdlndri.

 Ign`dr Xilärdc gi Rdlvi   IFHI[@IJ  IFHI[@I J Fibdcfil  ]rnsdgnftn 

 

 

R^@É[DC ]I[WN 9 Dftrcguêâc5 Bcftnxtuildziêâc gcs Ispnbtcs gn Dftnrnssn fi @ifdpuliêâc .......................... ........................... =:

]I[WN  ;  I Nstik Nstikdldldg dgig ignn [ [nl nlib ibdc dcfi figi gi í Nl Nlikc ikcri riêâ êâcc gn ]rcgut rcgutcs cs @i @ifd fdpu puli ligc gcss ‒ Hitcrns Hitcr ns Nfvclvdgcs ......................................................................................=4

]I[WN 2 D`pcrtëfbdi gc pA n` @ifdpuliêâc

................................................................9:

]I[WN 7 Dfhcr`iêþns Rdftntdzigis Rckrn pA n Kisns gn Dfbcrpcriêâc gn  Itdv  It dvcs cs gn ^sc Wòp òpdb dbcc ...................................................................................;7

Y^IG[C 9 Dfhcr`iêþns sckrn pA gn Nstikdldgign n Kisns gn Dfbcrpcriêâc gn  Itdv  It dvcs cs ^tdld tdldzig zigcs cs n` ]rnpir rnpiriê iêþns þns gn ^sc Wòp òpdb dbc. c. ....................................................;7

]I[WN > Biribtnràstdbis gis ]rdfbdpids Kisns Jilåfdbis.......................................................9:8

Y^IG[C ; Dfhcr`iêþns Jnrids Rckrn is ]rdfbdpids Biribtnràstdbis gn Kisns Jilåfdbis piri i Dfbcrpcriêâc gn Itdvcs gn ^sc Wòpdbc Wòpdbc cu gn @itärdi-]rd`i Gntnr`dfiftn piri i Nlikcriêâc gi Kisn .........................................9:8

]I[WN 8 Kdkldcjri﬉i  .......................................................................... .............................................................................................914 ...................914

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

>

 

[NR^@C C tnxtc triz u`i rnliêâc gcs prdfbdpids itdvcs gn usc tòpdbc, pA gnpnfgnftns, bc` i gnsbrdêâc gn ispnbtcs rnlibdcfigcs í hidxi gn pA gn nstikdldgign, ilä` gn sujnstþns gn kisns jilåfdbis piri i rnspnbtdvi dfbcrpcriêâc, bcfsdgnrifgc qun nssis dfhcr`iêþns bcf﬉juri` hnrri`nfti d`pcrtiftn n hibdldtigcri piri c gdrnbdcfi`nftc gis prnpiriêþns i snrn` nlikcrigis fi rctdfi gn hir`ébdis gn `ifdpuliêâc.

]ilivris-baivn5 pA gn nstikdldgign, kisn jilåfdbi, itdvcs gn usc tòpdbc, prnpiriêþns `ijdstrids.

 

] I[W I[WNN 9 DFW[CG^ÊÂC5 BCFWNQW^ILDUIÊÂC GCR IR]NBWCR IR]NBW CR GN DFWN[NRRN FI @IFD] ^LIÊÂC C ivifêc tnbfclòjdbc fi érni gn dfsu`cs piri usc gnr`itclòjdbc gdspcfdkdldzi dfõ`nris cpêþns qun c prnsbrdtcr pcgn bcfsdgnrir fc `c`nftc gn nlikcrir u`i hcr`uliêâc qun itnfgi ís fnbnssdgigns gn snu pibdnftn. Nftrntiftc, i hcr`uliêâc

prcpcsti gnvnré nstir n` bcfhcr`dgign bc` cs pirë`ntrcs gn quildgign nstiknlnbdgcs, qun kusbi` issnjurir snu usc guriftn c prizc gn vildgign, cu snei, i `ifutnfêâc gis nspnbd﬉biêþns itrdkuàgis. C tnr`c nstikdldgign ä i`plc n nfjlcki vérdcs ispnbtcs gc prcgutc nlikcrigc,

bcfsdgnrifgc piri dssc cs ispnbtcs hàsdbcs, quà`dbcs, `dbrckdclòjdbcs, tcxdbclòjdbcs n tnripåutdbcs. Bigi bc`pcfnftn giBcfsdgnrifgc hcr`uliêâc tn` hufgi`nftil nstikdldgign gi prnpiriêâc nlikcrigi. qunpirtdbdpiêâc dfõ`nrcs hitcrns pcgnrâc fi ituir hivcrévnl cu gnshivcrivnl`nftn fi `ifutnfêâc gis nspnbd﬉biêþns gi hcr`uliêâc, blissd﬉bi`cs nssns hitcrns n` gcds jrifgns jrupcs5 hitcrns nxtràfsnbcs ic prcgutc n hitcrns dftràfsnbcs ic prcgutc. Gnftrc gc jrupc gcs hitcrns nxtràfsnbcs, pcgn`cs bdtir5 bdti r5 tn`pc, tn`pnrituri, luz,

cxdjåfdc, gdòxdgc gn birkcfc, n`kilijn` prd`érdi, u`dgign, prnsnfêi gn `dbrcrjifds`cs n vdkriêâc guriftn c trifspcrtn. Eé fc jrupc gcs hitcrns dftràfsnbcs nstâc

dfsnrdgis rniêþns gn cxdgiêâc, adgròldsn, ribn`dziêâc, gnsbirkcxdliêâc, pcld`nrdziêâc n gnsi`dfiêâc, ilä` gis dfõ`nris pcssàvnds dfbc`pitdkdldgigns qun pcgnrâc cbcrrnr. Fi érni gn prcgutcs gnr`itclòjdbcs gn usc tòpdbc, cs prdfbdpids hitcrns dftràfsnbcs df tràfsnbcs nstâc rnlibdcfigcs í pròprdi fiturnzi gis hcr`uliêþns, sckrntugc í dftnriêâc nftrn

snus bc`pcfnftns cu bc` c `itnrdil prd`érdc gn n`kilijn` utdldzigc. N` ilju`is sdtuiêþns, is dfbc`pitdkdldgigns quà`dbis n hàsdbis, ilä` gis `ifd-

hnstiêþns gn dfstikdldgign gi prnpiriêâc, pcgn` snr pnrbnptàvnds itriväs gn iltnriêþns hàsdbis qun sn tcrfi` d`pcrtiftns n` rizâc ri zâc gn bcf﬉jurir ilnrtis vdsàvnds gn qun acuvn ilju` prckln`i n` rnliêâc ic prcgutc? nftrntiftc, fn` sn`prn is `cgd﬉biêþns

dfgnsneévnds sâc triguzdgis itriväs gn `ifdhnstiêþns hàsdbis n/cu crjifcläptdbis. N` rnliêâc ís dfbc`pitdkdldgigns quà`dbis, c pA gi prnpiriêâc ä u` gcs hitcrns gnbdsdvcs qun dfbdgn` fi nstikdldgign gi nstruturi nlikcrigi n rnlibdcfi-sn bc` i n﬉bébdi, i nstikdldgign n i sclukdldgign gcs bc`pcfnftns. Nssn hitcr ti`kä` dfbdgn

fi snjurifêi gc prcgutc. Fcr`il`nftn, is prnsbrdêþns `ägdbis `ijdstrids iprnsnfti` `ids gn u` bc`pcfnftn itdvc, qun gnvnrâc snr dfbcrpcrigcs dfb crpcrigcs i u`i kisn jilåfdbi. ]iri dssc, aé fnbnssdgign gn u`i ivildiêâc brdtnrdcsi gcs ispnbtcs hàsdbc-quà`dbcs nfvclvdgcs piri c nstiknlnbd-

`nftc gn pirë`ntrcs qun issnjurn` i nstikdldgign ns tikdldgign gi prnpiriêâc nlikcrigi, cu snei, i `ifutnfêâc gn suis nspnbd﬉biêþns.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

:

 

@IF^IL GN NRWIKDLDGIGN pA GN IWDXCR GN ^RC WÒ]DBC  I utdldz utd ldziêâ iêâcc gn dfhcr d fhcr`iêþ `iêþns ns täbfdbc täb fdbc-bd -bdnftà nftà﬉bis ﬉bis qun hibdl hi bdldtn` dtn` i ifélds ifé ldsnn nstrutur nstr uturil il gi hcr`uliêâc ä kistiftn d`pcrtiftn fc prcbnssc `ijdstril c qun eustd﬉bi i nlikcriêâc gn u` quigrc crdnftigcr bcftnfgc dfhcr`iêþns bclntigis bcl ntigis fi ldtnrituri sckrn cs ispnbtcs gn pA gn nstikdldgign n dfgdbiêþns gn kisns jilåfdbis piri cs prdfbdpids itdvcs utdldzigcs n` prnpiriêþns gnr`itclòjdbis. Wcrfi-sn, nftâc, u` rnbursc igdbdcfil n hibdldtigcr

piri c prc﬉ssdcfil hir`ibåutdbc fi iféldsn gis prnpiriêþns i snrn` nlikcrigis.  I quil quildgig dgignn ä u` itrd itrdkut kutcc gn nxbn nxbnlåf låfbdi bdi n gnvn snr bcfs bcfstru truàgi àgi guri guriftn ftn tcgi tcgiss is ntipis qun hizn` pirtn gn u` prcbnssc, n c prcgutc ﬉fil ä i nxprnssâc gc qun hcd

nstiknlnbdgc piri i sui cktnfêâc.

1

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

]I[WN ; I NRWIKDLDGIGN [NLIBDCFIGI Í NLIK C[IÊÂC G N ][CG^WCR @IFD ]^LIG CR 󲀒 HIWC[NR HIWC[NR NFXCLXDGCR C gnsnfvclvd`nftc hir`ibctäbfdbc bcfstdtud u` hitcr prd`crgdil fi érni gn

`ngdbi`nftcs, u`i vnz qun qun gntnr`dfi sui quildgign, nhdbébdi nhdbébdi n snjurifêi. I nlikcriêâc gn quilqunr hcr`uliêâc nfvclvn i`plc bcfanbd`nftc sckrn is prcprdngigns hàsdbc-quà`dbis gc(s) hér`ibc(s) n gcs nxbdpdnftns n`prnjigcs (I^LWCF, (I^LWCF, ;==>).  I hir`i hi r`ibct bctäb äbfd fdbi bi pcg pcgnn snr nftn nf tnfg fgdg dgii bc bc`c `c i täbf tä bfdb dbii gn dfbl df blud udrr cu vnd vndbu bulir lir c

hér`ibc n` u`i hcr`uliêâc nstévnl, gifgc crdjn` i u`i hcr`i hir`ibåutdbi hir`ibåutdb i ignquigi í vdi gn ig`dfdstriêâc prcpcsti n ic ckentdvc tnripåutdbc gc `ngdbi`nftc. Gigi i d`pcrtëfbdi gi hir`ibctäbfdbi gc `ngdbi`nftc n` rnliêâc í rnspcsti tnripåutdbi, c tnr`c kdchir`ibctäbfdbi   tn` sdgc i`pli`nftn utdldzigc fi érni n ä bcfbndtuildzigc bc`c   i bdåfbdi qun ivildi i rnliêâc nftrn is biribtnràstdbis hàsdbc-

quà`dbis gc hér`ibc, i hcr`i hir`ibåutdbi n vdi gn ig`dfdstriêâc n i vnlcbdgign n nxtnfsâc gi ikscrêâc, cu snei, bcfsdgnri c d`pibtc gisc prcprdngigns bis gc hér`ibc, sui nstikdldgign n snu prcbnssc sckrn gnsn`pnfac hàsdbc-quà`dkdclòjdbc gc prcgutc (RWC[]D[WDR (RWC[]D[WDR nt il., ;==4). Nstikdldgign ä c itrdkutc gn u`i prnpiriêâc hir`ibåutdbi rnhnrnftn í `ifutnfêâc gis biribtnràstdbis hàsdbis, quà`dbis, `dbrckdclòjdbis, tnripåutdbis n tcxdbclòjdbis n` u` `itnrdil gn ibcfgdbdcfi`nftc nspnbàhdbc gnftrc gn ld`dtns chdbdil`nftn

nstiknlnbdgcs, nstifgc gdrnti`nftn rnlibdcfigi ic prizc gn vildgign prcpcstc. C prizc gn vildgign dgnftdhdbi c tn`pc guriftn c quil c prcgutc gnvn bu`prdr is nxdjåfbdis gi `cfcjrihdi hir`ibcpndbi, gnsgn qun suk`ntdgc ís bcfgdêþns gn

ir`iznfijn` dfgdbigis, cu snei, ld`dti c tn`pc guriftn c quil c prcgutc pcgnré snr gdspnfsigc cu usigc. Gn ibcrgc bc` i [GB fµ 8: (=1/9=/;==:), qun gdspþn sckrn is Kcis ]rétdbis gn @ifdpuliêâc gn ]rnpiriêþns ]rnpiriêþns @ijdstrids n Chdbdfids piri ^sc Au`ifc n` Hir`ébdi , c prizc gn vildgign gn u` prcgutc gnvnré snr nstiknlnbdgc i pirtdr gn dfhcr`iêþns gis biribtnràstdbis hàsdbc-quà`dbis qun sâc hufgi`nftids hu fgi`nftids piri c nstiknlnbd`nftc gn u`i iféldsn brdtnrdcsi gn hcr`uliêþns `ifdpuligis. 9>.7 ‒ ]rizc gn vildgign ([GB Fµ 8:, gn =1 gn cutukrc gn ;==:). 9>.7.9 ‒ I gntnr`dfiêâc gc prizc gn vildgign gnvn snr kisnigi fi ivildiêâc

hàsdbc-quà`d bi gis grcjis n bcfsdgnriêþn hàsdbc-quà`dbi bcfsdgnriêþnss sckrn i sui nstikdldgign. nstikdldg ign. ]rnhnrnfbdil`nftn c prizc gn vildgign gnvn snr vdfbuligc ic pnràcgc gc triti`nftc. 9>.7.; ‒ Hcftns gn dfhcr`iêþns sckrn i nstikdldgign hàsdbc-quà`dbi gis grcjis

gnvn` dfbludr rnhnråfbdis gn bc`påfgdcs chdbdids, rnbc`nfgiêþns gcs prcgutcrns n pukldbiêþns n` rnvdstis dfgnxigis. 9>.7.2 ‒ Fi dftnrprntiêâc gis dfhcr`iêþns sckrn nstikdldgign gis grcjis, g rcjis, gnvn` snr bcfsdgnrigis tcgis is bcfgdêþns gn ir`iznfi`nftc n bcfsnrviêâc.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

4

 

@IF^IL GN NRWIKDLDGIGN pA GN IWDXCR GN ^RC WÒ]DBC Râc dfõ`nrcs cs hitcrns qun dfbdgdrâc fi nstikdldgign nstikdldgig n gis prnpiriêþns, cs quids, ibign`dbi`nftn,  sâc blissdhdbigcs n` gcds jrupcs, ibign`dbi`nftn, sâc jrupcs , gnfc`dfigcs nxtràfsnbcs n dftràfsnbcs, cu snei, sâc hitcrns nxtnrfcs í prnpiriêâc n hitcrns rnlibdcfigcs í bi-

ribtnràstdbi n í fiturnzi gi prnpiriêâc, rnspnbtdvi`nftn. Râc bcfsdgnrigcs hitcrns nxtràfsnbcs ic `ngdbi`nftc5 tn`pc, tn`pnrituri,

cxdjåfdc, gdòxdgc gn birkcfc, luz, n`kilijn` prd`érdi, u`dgign n bcfti`dfiêâc `dbrckdifi. I snjudr, u`i krnvn gnsbrdêâc gn bigi u` gnssns hitcrns. ♨

Wn`pc5 fnfau` hér`ibc cu `ngdbi`nftc ä dfgnhdfdgi`nftn nstévnl? i vnlcbdgign

bc` qun sâc prcbnssigis is rniêþns gn gnbc`pcsdêâc ä virdévnl. Wn`pnrituri5  pcgnré ibnlnrir is rniêþns gn gnbc`pcsdêâc (prcbnssi`nftc, Wn`pnrituri5  trifspcrtn n ir`iznfi`nftc), pcrtiftc, aé fnbnssdgign gn g n nstiknlnbd`nftc gn ♨

nspnbdhdbiêþns hir`ibcpndbis piri ir`iznfi`nftc. Nxn`plcs5  dfsuldfi, nfzd`is, vibdfis, vdti`dfis ntb.

Luz5 i rigdiêâc ultrivdclnti pcssud ilti hrnquåfbdi, qun pcgn prc`cvnr i gnjrigiêâc gn gntnr`dfigis sukstëfbdis. Hidxi gn bc`prd`nftc gn cfgi gn d`pcrtëfbdi5

♨

κ ` i 7>= κ `. ;4 ;4==Nxn`plcs5   vdti`dfis (K 9;  n O 2), vdti`dfis I, N n B, ébdgc hòldbc, bcriftns, gdpdrcfi, adgrcbcrtdscfi, fdtrchurizcfi, hnfctdizdfis ntb. ♨

Cxdjåfdc5 gnsnfbigni`nftc gn rniêþns gn cxdgcrrnguêâc. I prnsnfêi gn luz,

tn`pnrituri, triêcs gn `ntids (Hn ++  n Bu +), àcfs CA- n A+ pcgnré gnsnfbignir cu ibnlnrir rniêþns gn xdgcrrnguêâc. Nxn`plcs5  tdi`dfi, rdkchlivdfi, prngfdsclcfi, ébdgcs jrixcs, ilbilcdgns, jcrguris, òlncs dfsiturigcs, fnc`dbdfi, ébdgc isbòrkdbc, piribnti`cl ntb. ♨

Gdòxdgc gn birkcfc (BC ;)5  pcgnré rnguzdr c pA gis prnpiriêþns n prc`cvnr

prnbdpdtiêâc. Nxn`plc5 adgròxdgc gn `ijfäsdc hcr`i c birkcfitc gn `ijfäsdc (dfsclõvnl). ♨

^`dgign5 gnsnfbigni`nftc gn rniêþns gn adgròldsn n iltnriêâc i ltnriêâc gis biribtnràstdbis

hàsdbc-quà`dbis (ilä` gi pcssdkdldgign gn brnsbd`nftc `dbrckdifc). Nxn`plcs5  ébdgc ibntdlsildbàldbc, pnfdbdldfi ntb. ♨

N`kilijn` prd`érdi5 prd`érdi5 iljufs  iljufs ispnbtcs gnvn` snr bcfsdgnrigcs piri i snlnêâc

bcrrnti gi n`kilijn` prd`érdi. Nssns ispnbtcs snrâc ikcrgigcs i snjudr5

DFWN[IÊÞNR Y ^À@DBIR Y^N ]CGN@ CBC[[N[  ∛ Igscrêâc gn sukstëfbdis quà`dbis fis supnrhàbdns gis n`kilijnfs prd`érdis. Nxn`plcs gn sukstëfbdis qun pcgnrâc snr igscrvdgis5  blcrntc gn knfzilb÷fdc, NGWI n

blcrckutifcl.

9=

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

∛

Bngåfbdi gn bc`pcfnftns gi n`kilijn` prd`érdi piri i prnpiriêâc, cs quids, sn prnsnftns fi bc`pcsdêâc gi n`kilijn` prd`érdi, pcgnrâc pissir piri i

prnpiriêâc. Nxn`plcs5  ijnftns tnfscitdvc tnfscitdvcs, s, igdtdvcs iftdnstétdbcs, gnsldziftns, lukrdhdbiftns ntb. ∛

Gnsprnfgd`nftc gn pnqunfàssd`is pirtàbulis gn vdgrc sògdbc-bélbdbc. Nxn`plcs5  nfvisn gn scluêþns ilbildfis gn bdtritcs, tirtiritcs, blcrntcs n sildbdlitcs.

∛

]nr`niêâc gn sukstëfbdis vclétnds, bc`c sclvnftns gn tdftis gn d`prnssâc gi

n`kilijn` piri c prcgutc. Nxn`plc5 iltnriêâc gis biribtnràstdbis crjifcläptdbis gc prcgutc. N` rnliêâc ics tdpcs gn vdgrcs gurikdld gign, gurnzi n rnsdståfbdi ∛ Wdpc D5 fnutrc n ilti`nftn rnsdstnftn, `idcr gurikdldgign, ic bacqun tär`dbc. Bc`pcsdêâc5 kcrcssdlàbdbc (qud`dbi`nftn dfnrtn). ^tdldziêâc5 prcgutcs pirnftnrids n gn`ids prcgutcs nstärnds. ∛

Wdpcs DD n DX5 bipibdgign dfhnrdcr i 9== `l n bipibdgign bipibdg ign supnrdcr i 9== `l `l,,

rnspnbtdvi`nftn. Bc`pcsdêâc5  sògdbc-bélbdbc, tritigc bc` ifdgrdgc sulhurcsc piri trifshcr`iêâc gcs àcfs ilbildfcs gn supnrhàbdn n` sulhitcs sclõvnds, qun sâc nld`dfigcs pcr livijn`. ^tdldziêâc5 ldchdldzigcs, scluêþns clncsis, dfsuldfi ntb.

Wdpc DDD5 sui rnsdståfbdi ä `udtc pnqunfi ic itiqun adgrclàtdbc, nftrntiftc, ä rnsdstnftn ic bacqun `nbëfdbc. Bc`pcsdêâc5  sògdbc-bélbdbc fâc tritigc. ∛

^tdldziêâc5 pòs-prnpiriêþns n prnpiriêþns qun sâc nstévnds í prnsnfêi gn

àcfs ilbildfcs.    

Cksnrviêþns5   Is rniêþns quà`dbis fc vdgrc cbcrrn` Cksnrviêþns5 Is

bc` `ids hrnquåfbdi quifgc c prcbnssc gn prcguêâc gc `ngdbi`nftc fnbnssdti gn iltis tn`pnrituris, bc`c fi nstnrdldziêâc pcr bilcr bilcr..

N@ [NLIÊÂC ICR WD] CR GN ]LÉRWDBCR ∛ ]cldntdlnfc gn kidxi gnfsdgign (]NKG)5 `ibdc (]NKG)5  `ibdc n hlnxàvnl, gn trifspirnftn i

trifslõbdgc, iprnsnfti kci rnsdståfbdi ic d`pibtc n pcftc gn husâc rnlitdvi`nftn kidxc, pnr`dtdfgc u`i kci snlijn` bc` bilcr. Hcr`i u`i kci kirrndri bcftri i u`dgign, kci rnsdståfbdi í `idcrdi gcs sclvnftns, ilä` gn snr rnsdstnftn i élbilds

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

99

 

@IF^IL GN NRWIKDLDGIGN pA GN IWDXCR GN ^RC WÒ]DBC n ébdgcs hcrtns. N`kilijnfs gn pcldntdlnfc gn kidxi gnfsdgign iprnsnfti` hribi

rnsdståfbdi tär`dbi, fâc pcgnfgc snr nstnrdldzigis n` iutcblivn. Ä pnr`névnl ic cxdjåfdc n cutrcs jisns.

∛ ]cldntdlnfc gn ilti gnfsdgign (]NIG)5 rnsdstnftn i tn`pnrituris ibd`i gn 9== µB, pcgnfgc snr nstnrdldzigc pcr bilcr õ`dgc. Iprnsnfti `idcr rnsdståfbdi n `nfcr

pnr`nikdldgign qun c ]NKG. Ä ràjdgc, nftrntiftc, pnr`névnl ic cxdjåfdc n jisns, ilä` gn iprnsnftir kidxi trifspiråfbdi. ∛ ]cldntdlnfc tnrnhtilitc (]NW) / ]cldntdlnfcjldbcl tnrnhtilitc (]NWJ)5 iprnsnfti` iltc jriu gn trifspiråfbdi, kci rnsdståfbdi i ébdgcs n vérdcs òlncs, nxbnlnftn rntnfêâc

gis hrijrëfbdis bcftdgis fis prnpiriêþns n pcgn` snr adgrcldsigcs pcr kisns hcrtns. ∛ ]cldprcpdlnfc (]])5 n` (]])5 n` iljufs ispnbtcs, iprnsnfti biribtnràstdbis sd`dlirns ic ]NIG. C ]] ä u` gcs `itnrdids pléstdbcs gn kidxi gnfsdgign, qun vid gc trifslõbdgc ic krifbc lndtcsc bc` u`i nstruturi ilti`nftn brdstildfi. Iprnsnfti pritdbi`nftn i `ns`i ipldbiêâc gc pcldntdlnfc, snfgc `ids lnvn, ràjdgc n tnr`cnstévnl qun c pcldntdlnfc, iprnsnftifgc is `ns`is biribtnràstdbis gn dfärbdi quà`dbi. N`kilijnfs

gn ]] pcgn` snr nstnrdldzigis n` iutcblivn. ∛ ]cldnstdrnfc (]R)5 (]R)5 ä  ä ràjdgc n pcgn snr brdstildfc trifspirnftn. Wn` sdgc n`prnjigc fi hikrdbiêâc gn n`kilijnfs piri hcr`is hir`ibåutdbis sòldgis n snrdfjis. Is rnsdståfbdis quà`dbi n tär`dbi fâc sâc `udtc nlnvigis, pcrä` nssis prcprdngigns pcgn` snr

`nlacrigis pnlc n`prnjc gn bcpclà`nrcs qun bcftnfai` ibrdlcfdtrdlc n kutigdnfc. ∛ ]c ]cldbirkcfitc5 ldbirkcfitc5 rnbdpdnftns  rnbdpdnftns gn pcldbirkcfitc sâc là`pdgcs, trifspirnftns n ràjdgcs n tå` sdgc bcfsdgnrigcs, n` iljufs biscs, sukstdtutcs gc vdgrc. ]cssun` kci rnsdståfbdi tär`dbi (itä 92= µB) n rnsdståfbdi `nbëfdbi nlnvigi. Râc rnsdstnftns i ébdgcs gdluàgcs, ijnftns cxdgiftns n rngutcrns, sids, òlncs (﬉xcs n vclétnds) n i adgrcbirkcfntcs ildhétdbcs. ]cgn` snr itibigcs pcr élbilds, i`dfis, ibntcfis, ästnrns, adgrcbirkcfntcs irc`étdbcs n iljufs ilbcòds. (]XB)5 iprnsnfti-sn trifspirnftn n pcgnré i`irnlir quifgc ∛ Blcrntc gn pcldvdfdli (]XB)5 iprnsnfti-sn

nxpcstc ic bilcr cu í luz ultrivdclnti. C ]XB ä `udtc gurc, pcgnfgc snr `ids ﬋nxàvnl bc` c usc gn plistd﬉biftns, n ä i`pli`nftn n`prnjigc n` kclsis bcftnfgc scluêþns dftrivnfcsis n n` n`kilijnfs gn prcgutcs bcs`ätdbcs.   Cksnrviêþns5  Cs pléstdbcs, n` bnrtc jriu, pcgn`

snr pnr`névnds í u`dgign, `is tiftc i pnrgi bc`c c jifac gi u`dgign pcgn` snr prneugdbdids i iljufs prcgutcs. Iltis tn`pnrituris isscbdigis í u`dgign pcgn` hivcrnbnr c brnsbd`nftc hõfjdbc n kibtnrdifc,  eé kidxis qunkrigdêcs. tn`pnrituris pcgn` tcrfir iljufs tdpcs gnis pléstdbcs

9;

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

N@ [NLIÊÂC I C^W[CR WD]CR GN @IWN[DIDR ∛ Nlist÷`nrc Nlist÷`nrcs5 s5 sâc  sâc kcrribais gn crdjn` fituril qun iprnsnfti` kidxi rnsdståfbdi í

tn`pnrituri, ic nfvnlanbd`nftc n ics òlncs. Cs gn crdjn` sdftätdbi sâc `ids rnsdstnftns ic nfvnlanbd`nftc n ics sclvnftns n `ids d`pnr`névnds ic jés n ic vipcr gn éjui. C prcbnssc gn hikrdbiêâc ä i vulbifdziêâc, qun tn` bc`c ckentdvc gd`dfudr sui plistdbdgign n iu`nftir sui nlistdbdgign. Jnril`nftn utdldzigcs piri nlikcrir ti`pis gn hrisbc-i`pcli n cutris n`kilijnfs qun rnqunrn` vngiêâc qun d`pnêi i pnr`niêâc n i nvipcriêâc gn jisns cu vipcrns n qun pcssi` snr suk`ntdgis ic

iqunbd`nftc n` prcbnsscs gn nstnrdldziêâc. @ntil5 rnbdpdnftns  rnbdpdnftns gn `ntil pcgn` snr bcfstdtuàgcs prdfbdpil`nftn gn ilu`àfdc, nstifac, ∛ @ntil5 iêc rnvnstdgc gn nstifac n iêc dfcxdgévnl. Râc rnsdstnftns, cpibcs, d`pnr`névnds i làqudgcs, u`dgign, vipcrns, jisns, cgcrns n kibtärdis, kn` bc`c rnsdstnftns i iltis n kidxis tn`pnrituris. I gnsviftijn` gis n`kilijnfs gn `ntil ä c hitc gn rnqunrnrn` ilju`

tdpc gn rnvnstd`nftc piri `dfd`dzir i rnitdvdgign bc` cs hér`ibcs (nx.5 rnvnstd`nftc ibràldbc, npòxd, libi, clncrrnsdfis, hnfòldbcs cu vdfàldbcs). Cs hitcrns dftràfsnbcs nstâc rnlibdcfigcs í fiturnzi gi prnpiriêâc n pcgn` snr blissd﬉bigcs, n` rniêþns ngndfbc`pitdkdldgigns/dftnriêþns cxdgcrrnguêâc, adgròldsn, gnsbirkcxdliêâc, gnsi`dfiêâc, prdfbdpil`nftn, pcld`nrdziêâc, ribn`dziêâc fâc gnsneévnds.

Nssns ispnbtcs snrâc ikcrgigcs i snjudr. ♨

Cxdgcrrnguêâc5 nsté rnlibdcfigi bc` i trcbi gn nlätrcfs nftrn gcds rnijnftns. W Wriêcs riêcs gn

C;, prnsnfêi gn bitildsigcrns (Bu, Bc, @f, Uf n Hn), luz n bilcr dftnfsd﬉bi` is rniêþns. Nxn`plcs5 sulhigdizdfi, npdfnhrdfi, `cr﬉fi, pnfdbdldfi, biptcprdl, tntribdbldfi, ifhctnrdbdfi K, blcrprc`izdfi ntb. ]rdfbdpids hitcrns gnsnfbigniftns n `ngdgis i snrn` n`prnjigis piri nvdtir i cxdgiêâc

]rdfbdp fbdpid idss hhit itcrn crnss gnsnf gnsnfbi bigni gnift ftns ns C;, luz, tn`pnrituri, tn`pc n prnsnfêi gn bitildzigcrns. ♨

@ngd @ngdgi giss i snrn snrn` ` nn`p `prnj rnjig igis is N`kilijn` prd`érdi n ir`iznfi`nftc ignquigc ignquigcss, igdêâc gn qunliftns n gn iftdcxdgiftns.

Adgròldsn5 nfvclvn itiqun fublnchàldbc ís ldjiêþns hréjnds n` hér`ibcs bc` jrupcs

hufbdcfids libtë`dbcs, ästnr, i`dgi n d`dfi. Ästnrns ([-BC-C-[) ifnstäsdbcs lcbids  I`dgis ([-BC-FA;) pnfdbdldfi  D`dgis ([-BC-FA-BC-[) kirkdturitcs Nxn`plcs5 itrcpdfi, prcbiàfi, bnlihcspcrdfi, tdi`dfi, ébdgc ibntdlsildbàldbc, pnfdbdldfi,

rifdtdgdfi, c`nprizcl ntb.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

92

 

@IF^IL GN NRWIKDLDGIGN pA GN IWDXCR GN ^RC WÒ]DBC ]rdfbdpids hitcrns gnsnfbigniftns n `ngdgis i snrn` n`prnjigis piri nvdtir i adgròldsn

]rdfbd fbdpid pids hi hitc tcrns rns gns gnsnfb nfbig ignif niftn tnss ^`dgign,, tn`pnrituri n pA. ^`dgign

@ngd @ngdgis gis i snr snrn` n` n`p n`prn rnjig jigis is N`kilijn` prd`érdi, igscrvnftn n ir`iznfi`nftc ignquigcs, bcftrcln gc pA, igdêâc gn tnfscitdvc n iltnriêâc gn sclvnftn sclvn ftn..

♨

Gnsbirkcxdliêâc5 prcbnssc qun nxdjn jrifgn quiftdgign gn nfnrjdi gn itdviêâc piri

qun i rniêâc cbcrri. Nxn`plc5 ébdgc p-i`dfc sildbàldbc `-i`dfchnfcl + gdòxdgc gn birkcfc. ]rdfbdpids hitcrns gnsnfbigniftns n `ngdgis i snrn` n`prnjigis piri nvdtir i gnsbirkcxdliêâc

]rdfbd fbdpid pids hi hitc tcrns rns gns gnsnfb nfbig ignif niftn tnss Wn`pnrituri n pA.

@ngd @ngdgis gis i snr snrn` n` n`p n`prn rnjig jigis is N`kilijn` prd`érdi n ir`iznfi`nftc ignquigcs n bcftrcln gn pA.

♨

♨

Gnsi`dfiêâc5 rn`cêâc gn u` jrupc qun bcftä` cxdjåfdc gn u`i i`dfi crjëfdbi. Nxn`plc5 dfsuldfi (gnsi`dfiêâc dftnfsi n` pA ébdgc). ]cld`nrdziêâc5 rniêâc nftrn guis cu `ids `cläbulis dgåftdbis hcr`ifgc u`i fcvi ]cld`nrdziêâc5 rniêâc

`cläbuli. Nxn`plc5 hcr`ilgnàgc ♨

pirihcr`ilgnàgc

[ibn`dziêâc5 `cläbuli qudril ä iqunli qun tn` n` sui nstruturi nstr uturi u` bnftrc issd`ätrdbc

n fâc pcssud plifc plif c gn sd`ntrdi dftnrfc. dftnr fc. W Wil il `cläbuli nxdstn nxdst n bc` u` pir gn nfiftd÷`nrcs. nfiftd÷ `nrcs. Cs nfiftd÷`nrcs dfgdvdguids gn u` hér`ibc ribå`dbc, ribå`d bc, biribtnrdzigcs pcr gdhnrnftns crdnftiêþns nspibdids, jnril`nftn `ifdhnsti` nhndtcs tnripåutdbcs n rniêþns igvnrsis  igvnrsis  quildtitdvi cu quiftdtitdvi`nftn gdhnrnftns, n` rizâc gis nxdjåfbdis bcfhcr`ibdcfids  bcfhcr`ibdcfids d`plàbdtis fc prcbnssc gn dftnriêâc gcs hér`ibcs bc` rnbnptcrns nspnbà﬉bcs (BN[Y^ND[I, ;==2). ]crtiftc, aé gdhnrnfêi gn i﬉fdgign nftrn cs nfiftd÷`nrcs n` suis ldjiêþns ic rnbnptcr,

lnvifgc í gdhnrnfêi gn pctåfbdi. Nxn`plcs5 R-prcprifclcl ä 7= vnzns `ids pctnftn qun c [-prcpifclcl? R-lcsirtif ä

pritdbi`nftn gnsprcvdgc gn nhndtc dfdkdgcr gi nfzd`i bcfvnrscri gn ifjdctnfsdfi.

]rdfbdpids hitcrns gnsnfbigniftns n `ngdgis i snrn` n`prnjigis piri nvdtir i ribn`dziêâc ]r ]rdf dfbd bdpi pidsds hi hitc tcrn rnss gn gnsn snfb fbig igni nift ftns ns @ngd @ngdgi giss i snrn snrn` ` n`pr n`prnj njig igis is N`kilijn` prd`érdi n ir`iznfi`nftc ign]rnsnfêi gn bitildsigcrns, luz, sclvnftn, tn`pnrituri n pA.

97

quigcs, bcftrcln igdêâc gn pA. gn qunliftns, sclvnftn bcrrntc n

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

♨

Dfbc`pitdkdldgigns Dfbc`pitdkdldgi gns / dftnriêþns fâc gnsneévn gnsneévnds ds

 DFWN[IÊÞNR HÀRDBIR ∛ Nxbdpdnftns qun dftnrhnrn` fi ldknriêâc gc hér`ibc i pirtdr gi hcr`i hir`ibåutdbi. ∛  Igscrêâc qun d`pngn i ldknriêâc bc`plnti gc hér`ibc i pirtdr gi hcr`i hir`ibåutdbi. ∛ Nxn`plc5 blcrdgritc gn nfigcldfi n` bnlulcsn `dbrcbrdstildfi. ∛ Df﬋unfbdi fi ikscrêâc gn iljufs hér`ibcs. ∛ Nxn`plcs5 biuld` bc` i`cxibdldfi, bd`ntdgdfi, gdjcxdfi ntb. ∛ Wrdturiêâc lnvifgc ic pcld`cr﬉s`c. bclcdgil (fi trdturiêâc) lnvi` i hcr`iêþns ∛ Nxn`plc5 nstniritc gn blcrifhnfdbcl n sàldbi bclcdgil  pcld`òr﬉bis gc blcrifhnfdbcl.

DFWN[IÊÞNR Y^À@DBIR ∛

Dftnriêþns nftrn birjis d÷fdbis5 nxbdpdnftns dcfdzévnds bc` hér`ibcs dcfdzévnds bc`

hcr`iêâc gn bc`plnxc dfsclõvnl ‒ hér`ibc x nxbdpdnftn Nxn`plc5 iljdfitc gn sògdc n B@B sògdbi n` éjui ‒ hcr`iêâc gn ëfdcfs ‒ bc` i

igdêâc gn fnc`dbdfi n pcld`dxdfi (iltc (i ltc pnsc `clnbulir n birji pcsdtdvi)? hcr`iêâc hcr`iê âc gn prnbdpdtigc/knftcfdti (-) n itilpujdti (+) prc`cvn dftnriêþns bc` hér`ibcs gn birjis cpcstis. ∛ Dftnriêþns nfvclvnfgc i gciêâc gn adgrcjåfdc. Nxn`plc5 pcldvdfdlpdrrcldgcfi (]X]) bc` bc`pcstcs bcftnfgc jrupcs hufbdcfids

gcigcrns gn adgrcjåfdc. Nxn`plcs5 lifscprizcl, hi`ctdgdfi n itnfclcl (jrupc birkcfdli). ]X] ä dfbc`pitàvn dfbc`pitàvnll bc` cs piriknfcs (dfitdviêâc). ∛ [niêþns bc` libtcsn5 rnijn bc` bc`pcstcs bcftnfgc i`dfis prd`érdis (ifhnti`dfis,

i`dfcébdgcs ntb.) n i`dfis snbufgérdis (﬋ucxntdfi) bc` gnsnfvclvd`nftc gn bcr ([niêâc gn @idllirg). I rnitdvdgign gi libtcsn nsté rnlibdcfigi í prcpcrêâc gn `itnrdil i`crhc prnsnftn. I hcr`i i`crhi ä `ids adjrcsbòpdbi n, pcrtiftc, iu`nfti i pcssdkdldgign gis rniêþns nfvclvnfgc u`dgign. Nxn`plc5 prcgutc gn gnjrigiêâc5 F-hcr`dl﬋ucxntdfi.

∛ [niêþns bc` gdòxdgc gn sdlàbdc5 c gdòxdgc gn sdlàbdc pcgnré sn bc`pcrtir bc`c u` ébdgc gn Lnwds (sukstëfbdi bipiz gn ibndtir u` pir gn nlätrcfs). Nxn`plc5 gdntdlnstdlknstrcl ‒ cxdgi n` pnròxdgc n n` prcgutcs gnrdvigcs gi qudfcfi? fdtriznpi` ä adgrcldsigc fi ldjiêâc fdtrcjåfdc d`dfc. ∛ ]rdfbdpids d`purnzis nfbcftrigis n` nxbdpdnftns. Nxn`plcs5 ]X]/brcspcvdgcfi/pcldsscrki  ]X]/brcspcvdgcfi/pcldsscrkitc tc (d`purnzi5 pnròxdgcs), Libtcsn (d`purnzis5 ilgnàgcs, iêõbirns rngutcrns), élbccl knfzàldbc (d`purnzi5 knfzilgnàgc), pcldntdlnfcjldbcl (d`purnzis5 ilgnàgcs, pnròxdgcs, ébdgcs crjëfdbcs), tilbc (d`purnzi5 `ntids pnsigcs),

hcshitc gn bélbdc gdkésdbc gd-dgritigc (d`purnzi5 rnsàgucs ilbildfcs).

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

9>

 

@IF^IL GN NRWIKDLDGIGN pA GN IWDXCR GN ^RC WÒ]DBC Râc fnbnssérdis kusbis piri c lnvifti`nftc gn dfhcr`iêþns bcfstiftns n` ldtnrituri

piri c hér`ibc n nxbdpdnftns, prdfbdpil`nftn iqunlis qun bcftnfai` gigcs sckrn gnsbrdêâc hàsdbi, biribtnràstdbis crjifcläptdbis, gnsbrdêâc `dbrcsbòpdbi, pcftc (hidxi) gn husâc, ti`ifac gn pirtàbuli, pcld`cr﬉s`c, sclukdldgign, pA, bcfstiftn gn gdsscbdiêâc (pO i ), bcfstiftn gdnlätrdbi (ξ), bcn﬉bdnftn gn pirtdêâc òlnc n` éjui, nftrn cutris dfhcr`iêþns

qun bc`pcrâc c bcfanbd`nftc gcs itrdkutcs gn bigi bc`pcfnftn gi hcr`uliêâc piri c gnldfni`nftc gis iêþns qun snrâc utdldzigis fi nlikcriêâc gn prnpiriêþns `ifdpuligis,

bcfsdgnrifgc is biribtnràstdbis qun gnvnrâc nstir prnsnftns fc prcgutc ibikigc, bc`c i n﬉bébdi, i snjurifêi n i quildgign.

98

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

]I[WN 2 D@]C[WËFBDI D@]C[W ËFBDI GC pA N@ @IFD]^L IÊÂC  I `ngdgi gn vilcr pA iprnsnfti bcftrdkudêâc hufgi`nftil fi `ifu `ifutnfêâc tnfêâc gi nstikdldgign gn prnpiriêþns hir`ibåutdbis, ilä` gn nstir rnlibdcfigi í sclukdldgign gcs

bc`pcfnftns gi prnpiriêâc n í nhntdvdgign gc itdvc. W Wcgcs cgcs nssns ispnbtcs gnvn` snr air`cfdzigcs fc nstiknlnbd`nftc gn u` vilcr nspnbà﬉bc piri i prnpiriêâc, bcfsdgnrifgc i vdi gn ig`dfdstriêâc i snr utdldzigi. Gn ibcrgc bc` Iutcf (;==>), i igdêâc gn bc-sclvnftns í éjui, bc`c élbccl cu prcpdlnfcjldbcl, rnsultiré n` gd`dfudêâc gi bcfstiftn gdnlätrdbi gdnl ätrdbi gc vnàbulc n, bc`c bcfsnquåfbdi, iu`nftiré i sclukdldgign gi hcr`i fâc f âc dcfdzigi gc itdvc. Nssi gd`dfudêâc gi pclirdgign gc sdstn`i sclvnftn rnguzdré c jriu gn gdsscbdiêâc gc itdvc n, ti`kä`, iu`nftiré c vilcr gc pO i . Nssi sdtuiêâc rnsultiré n` iu`nftc gi bcfbnftriêâc gis nspäbdns fâc dcfdzigis, c qun pcgn tcrfir fnbnssérdi i nlnviêâc gc pA gc sdstn`i piri qun snei issnjurigi i

sclukdldgign gc itdvc. Rnjufgc Hnrrndri n Krifgâc (;==1), c ieustn gc pA gnvnré hufêâc gc pnr﬉l gn nstikdldgign rnlibdcfigc nspnbd﬉bi`nftn ic pA dgnilsnrgcrnildzigc hér`ibc n` vndbuligc. C bcfanbd`nftc gn `éxd`i nstikdldgign ä d`pcrtiftn fi hir`ibctäbfdbi hir`ibctäbf dbi gn prnpiriêþns làqudgis. Rn`prn qun pcssàvnl, fnssis prnpiriêþns c pA gnvnré snr ieustigc piri c vilcr òtd`c gn nstikdldgign, nftrntiftc, fn` sn`prn ä pcssàvnl rnildzir nssn ieustn gnvdgc i

prckln`is gn sclukdldgign, í itdvdgign tnripåutdbi cu i rnqudsdtcs gi vdi gn ig`dfdstriêâc fâc bc`pitàvnds bc` c vilcr òtd`c gn pA. Cutrcs ispnbtcs qun gnvnrâc ti`kä` snr bcfsdgnrigcs5 - gdvnrsdgign gn kisns jilåfdbis bc` biribtnràstdbis hàsdbc-quà`dbis gdhnrnfbdigis piri dfbcrpcriêâc gcs itdvcs? n - gdspcfdkdldziêâc gn dfõ`nrcs cutrcs bc`pcfnftns bc`c bcriftns, bcfsnrviftns n

cutrcs igeuviftns hir`ibctäbfdbcs pA gnpnfgnftns.  I crdjn` gc tnr`c pA nsté hufgi`nftigi fi pilivri iln`â  pctnfz  (pcgnr  (pcgnr gn bcfbnftriêâc) n fc àcf Adgrcjåfdc (A+). [nprnsnfti u`i jrifgnzi hàsdbc-quà`dbi gnfc`dfigi gn fc`dfigi

pctnfbdil adgrcjnfd÷fdbc, qun nxprnssi bcfgdêþns gdhnrnftns, bc`c ibdgnz, fnutrildgign

cu kisdbdgign gn u`i prnpiriêâc adgrcjnfigi. C pA gn u`i scluêâc ä gn﬉fdgc bc`c c fnjitdvc gc lcjirdt`c fi kisn 9= gi bcfbnftriêâc gn àcfs adgr÷fdcs. @itn`itdbi`nftn, @itn`itdb i`nftn, c “p‐ “p‐ nqudviln ic sd`ätrdbc gc lcjirdt`c gn kisn 9= gi itdvdgign gcs àcfs i qun sn rnhnrn5 pA 0 -lcj _A2C+P Gn `cgc sn`nlaiftn, c pCA gn u`i scluêâc ä gn﬉fdgc bc`c c fnjitdvc gc lcjirdt`c fi kisn 9= gi bcfbnftriêâc gn àcfs adgròxdgcs5 pCA 0 -lcj_CAPN` éjui puri, is bcfbnftriêþns gn àcfs adgr÷fdc n adgròxdgc sâc i`kis 9,= x 9=-: @. ]crtiftc, ]c rtiftc, n` éjui puri i ;> ½B5 pA 0 -lcj (9,= x 9=-:) 0 :,== Gi `ns`i `ifndri, pcgn-sn gn`cfstrir qun c pCA gi éjui puri ti`kä` ä :,==

i ;>½B.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

9:

 

@IF^IL GN NRWIKDLDGIGN pA GN IWDXCR GN ^RC WÒ]DBC  I sc`i gc pA bc` c pCA gn u`i scluêâc gnvn snr djuil i 97,== i ;> µB. Rcluêþns bc` pA `nfcrns qun :,== (i ;> ½B) sâc ébdgis, ic pissc qun scluêþns bc` pA `idcr qun :,== sâc késdbis. Rcluêþns bc` pA djuil i :,== i ;> ½B sâc fnutris. Cs dfgdbigcrns ébdgc-kisn sâc sukstëfbdis qun n` scluêâc iqucsi iprnsnfti` bcrns

gdhnrnftns, bcfhcr`n c pA gi scluêâc. ]cr nxn`plc, c tcrfisscl ä u` dfgdbigcr ébdgc-kisn `udtc utdldzigc n` likcritòrdc. N` `ndc ébdgc, nln ﬉bi vnr`nlac n n` `ndc késdbc, izul. Cutrcs dfgdbigcrns5 Hnfclhtilnàfi5 i zcfi gn vdrijn` (fc`n gigc í hidxi gn pA fi quil u` dfgdbigcr ébdgc-kisn schrn i `ugifêi gn bclcriêâc) ﬉bi sdtuigi nftrn 1,> n 9=,=.  Ilirifeigc gn @ntdli5 @ntdli5 vnr`nlac n` pA `nfcr qun 2,9 n i`irnlc n` pA ibd`i gn 7,7? nftrn 2,9 n 7,7 ä ilirifeigc. iz ul n` pA `idcr qun  Izul gn krc`ctd`cl5 krc`ctd`cl5 i`irnlc n` pA `nfcr qun 8,= n izul :,8? nftrn 8,= n :,8 ä vnrgn. Dfgdbigcr ufdvnrsil5 ä u`i `dsturi gn vérdcs dfgdbigcrns dfgd bigcrns qun igqudrn gdhnrnftns bclcriêþns gnpnfgnfgc gc pA. •

•

•

•

]cgnrâc snr utdldzigcs ipirnlacs piri gntnr`dfir c vilcr gn pA gi prnpiriêâc, cs quids sâc gnfc`dfigcs fcr`il`nftn s‐, qun bcfstdtun` nqudpi`nftcs pctnfbdc`ätrdbcs prcvdgcs gn nlntrcgcs.“ pA`ntrc Cs nlntrcgcs sâcsnnspnbà﬉bcs pirigngdhnrnftns tdpcs gn prnpiriêþns n vdsbcsdgigns. Nssns ipirnlacs gnvn` snr bildkrigcs iftns gn sui utdldzi-

êâc bc` gdhnrnftns scluêþns ti`pâc gn rnhnråfbdi n` virdigcs vilcrns gn pA, bcfhcr`n prcbngd`nftc gnsbrdtc pnlc hikrdbiftn. hikrdbiftn.

WI@]ÂC N RC L^ÊÞN R WI@]ÂC WI@]ÂC Rnjufgc Ifsnl & @dtbanll (;==1), i prnsnfêi gn bnrtis sukstëfbdis cu bc`kdfiêþns gn sukstëfbdis n` scluêþns iqucsis bcfhnrn ic sdstn`i i aikdldgign gn `iftnr c pA

gnsneigc n` u` fàvnl rnlitdvi`nftn bcfstiftn, itä `ns`c bc` igdêâc gn `itnrdids qun pcssi` iltnrir i bcfbnftriêâc bcfbnftriêâc gn àcfs gn adgrcjåfdc. adgrcjåfdc. Nssis sukstëfbdis cu bc`kdfiêþns gn sukstëfbdis sâc bai`igis gn ti`pþns. Rui bipibdgign gn rnsdstdr i iltnriêþns gn pA ä bai`igi gn iêâc ti`pcfiftn, sui n﬉bdåfbdi ä `nfsurigi pnli hufêâc bcfanbdgi bc`c

bipibdgign gn ti`pcfi`nftc n suis scluêþns sâc bai`igis gn scluêþns ti`pâc. ^`i

scluêâc ti`pâc ä u` sdstn`i, fcr`il`nftn u`i scluêâc iqucsi bc`pcsti gn u` ébdgc hribc n gn u` sil gc ébdgc cu nftâc gn u`i kisn hribi n u` sil gi kisn, qun iprnsnfti i prcprdngign gn rnsdstdr i `ugifêis fc pA bc` i igdêâc gn pnqunfis quiftdgigns gn u` ébdgc hcrtn cu gn u`i kisn.

RNLNÊÂC GN WI@]ÂC C^ GN RCL^ÊÞNR WI@]ÂC, RNJ^FGC WAC @]RC F 󰀡;==8󰀤5 9.

Rn i hcr`uliêâc fnbnssdti sd`plns`nftn gn u` ieustn gn pA n` gigc vilcr vilcr,, n`

jnril u`i scluêâc gdluàgi (=,9-=,;F) gn ébdgc blcràgrdbc cu adgròxdgc gn sògdc pcgn

snr n`prnjigi, gnvnfgc snr bcfsdgnrigis is pcssàvnds dfbc`pitdkdldgigns gc àcf blcrntc, pcgnfgc cbcrrnr, pcr nxn`plc, i prnbdpdtiêâc gn bc`pcfnftns. ;.

I scluêâc gn kdbirkcfitc gn sògdc dfentévnl ä hrnqunftn`nftn utdldzigi piri i

nlnviêâc gn ilju`is prnpiriêþns pirnftnrids. 2. N` prnpiriêþns làqudgis gn usc cril cu tòpdbc, pcgn`-sn n`prnjir vnàbulcs prähcr`uligcs bcfsdgnrifgc i bc`pcsdêâc gi hcr`uliêâc, u`i vnz qun `udtcs gcs vnàbulcs 91

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

bcftå` scluêþns ti`pâc cu `ns`c sukstëfbdis qun ijn` bc`c ti`pâc. 7. C ti`pâc ibntitc pcgn snr n`prnjigc piri ti`pcfir scluêþns n` vilcrns gn pA ébdgc cu lnvn`nftn ébdgc (2,8->,8) gnstdfigis tiftc piri usc sdstå`dbc bc`c piri

usc tòpdbc cu chtél`dbc. >. C ti`pâc bdtritc pcgn snr n`prnjigc quifgc sn gnsnei c usc gn scluêþns bcfbnftrigis piri i `ifutnfêâc gc pA gi prnpiriêâc fcs fàvnds ébdgc cu lnvn`nftn ébdgc (;,>-8,>). 8. C ti`pâc hcshitc gn Rcrnfsnf ä c `ids ignquigc piri ti`pcfir prnpiriêþns bc` vilcrns gn pA nftrn 8,= n 1,=, pcgnfgc snr n`prnjigc n` hcr`uliêþns gn usc sdstå`dbc, tòpdbc cu chtél`dbc. :.

I scluêâc gn ébdgc kòrdbc 9,4% pcgn snr n`prnjigi piri ti`pcfir scluêþns

gn usc chtél`dbc qun rnqundri` ti`pcfi`nftc gn u`i hidxi gn pA lnvn`nftn ébdgi (ic rngcr gn >,==). Nxn`plcs gn scluêþns ti`pâc Rcluêâc ti`pâc gn Jd﬍crg 

Rcluêâc nstcqun ébdgi

Rcluêâc nstcqun ilbildfi

 Ébdgc kòrdbc (9;,7 j) Blcrntc gn pctéssdc (:,7 j)  Éjui purd﬉bigi q.s.p. q.s.p. 9 L `l gi scluêâc gn ébdgc kòrdbc 2= 2= 2= 2= 2= 2= 2= 2= 2= 2= 2= 2=

Birkcfitc gn sògdc `cfcdgritigc (;7,1 j)

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 Éjui purd﬉bigi q.s.p. q.s.p. 9.=== `l `l gi scluêâc gn birkcfitc gn sògdc =,=> =, 9 =, ; =,2 =,> =,8 9,= 9,> ;,= 2, = 7, = 1, =

 

pA 8, = 8, ; 8, 8 8, 1 8,4 :,= :,; :,7 :,8 :,1 1, = 1, >

94

 

@IF^IL GN NRWIKDLDGIGN pA GN IWDXCR GN ^RC WÒ]DBC

RCL^Ê ÂC WI@]ÂC WI@]ÂC GN ] ILDWURBA Rcluêâc nstcqun ébdgi Rcluêâc nstcqun ilbildfi  Ébdgc kòrdbc (9;,7=7 j) Kcritc gn sògdc gnbidgritigc (94,9=1 j)  Éjui purd﬉bigi q.s.p. q.s.p. 9 L  Éjui purd﬉bigi q.s.p. q.s.p. 9 L uêâc gn ébdgc ébdgc kòrdb kòrdbcc @ L gi scluêâc gn =,;@ gn kcritc gn sògdc =,=>@ `l gi scluêâc 4: 2 47 8 4= 9= 1> 9> 1= ;= :> ;> := 2= 8> 2> >> 7> 7> >> 7= 8= 2= := ;= 1= 9= 4=

pA 8, 1 :, 9 :, 7 :, 8 :, 1 :, 4 1, 9 1, ; 1, 7 1, 8 1, : 1, 1 4, = 4, 9

RCL ^ÊÂC WI@]ÂC GN IBNWIWC GN RÒGDC󰀠ÉBDGC KÒ[DBC Rclu Rc luêâ êâcc ns nstc tcqu qunn il ilbi bildldfi fi pA :, :,88 Rcl Rcluêâ uêâcc nst nstcqu cqunn ébd ébdgi gi pA ∼ >,=  Ibntitc gn sògdc trd-dgritigc (;= j)  Éjui purd﬉bigi q.s.p. q.s.p. 9.=== `l `l gi scluêâc gn ibntitc gn sògdc ---------------------------------

;=

 Ibdgc kòrdbc, brdstids (94 j)  Éjui purd﬉bigi q.s.p. q.s.p. 9.=== `l `l gi scluêâc gn ébdgc kòrdbc

pA

9== 4> 4= 1= := 8= >= 7= 2= ;= 9=

>, = >, : 8,=> 8,2= 8,>= 8,8> 8,:> 8,1> 8,4> :,9= :,;>

> ----------------------------------------------------------

:,7= :,8=

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

RCL^ÊÂC WI@]ÂC GN IWODFR N ]IFWDF Rcluêâc nstcqun éb ébdgi Rcluêâc nstcqun il ilbildfi  Ébdgc kòrdbc (9;,7=> j) Birkcfitc gn sògdc ifdgrc (;9,; j) Blcrntc gn sògdc (:,>= j)  Éjui purd﬉bigi q.s.p. q.s.p. 9 L  Éjui purd﬉bigi q.s.p. q.s.p. 9 L `l gi scl scluêâc u êâc gn gn ébdg ébdgcc kòrd kòrdbc bc =,; =,;@ @ `l gi scl scluê uêâc âc bir birkc kcfi fitc tc gn sòg sògdc dc =,;@ 42, 1 8, ; 49, : 1, 2 11, 1 99,; 1>, = 9>,= 1=, : 94,2 :>, : ;7,2 84, > 2=,> 82, = 2:,= >8, 7 74, : ;,4 28, = ;4, 9 ;;, 9 9>, 7 4,1 >,: 2,>

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

72,8 >=,2 >:,9 87,= :=,4 ::,4 17,8 4=,; 47,2 48,>

 

pA :, 8 :, 1 1, = 1, ; 1, 7 1, 8 1, 1 4, = 4, ; 4, 7 4, 8 4, 1 9=,= 9=,; 9=,7 9=,8 9=,1 99,=

;9

 

@IF^IL GN NRWIKDLDGIGN pA GN IWDXCR GN ^RC WÒ]DBC

RCL ^ÊÂC WI@]ÂC HCR HI HIWC WC GN RC[NFRNF @CGDHDBIG @CGDHDBIGI I Rcluêâc nstcqun ébdgi, Rcluêâc nstcqun ilbildfi, scluêâc gn hcshitc gn sògdc scluêâc gn hcshitc gn sògdc `cfckésdbc @/9> gdkésdbc @/9> Hcshitc gn sògdc `cfckésdbc, Hcshitc gn sògdc gdkésdbc, ifdgrc* (1,==8 j)  Éjui purd﬉bigi q.s.p. q.s.p. 9 L

ifdgrc (4,7:2 j)

 Éjui purd﬉bigi q.s.p. q.s.p. 9.=== `l `l gi scluêâc gn hcshitc gn `l gi scluêâc gn hcshitc gn sògdc `cfckésdbc @/9> sògdc gdkésdbc @/9>

FiBl rnqunrdgc pA piri dsctcfdbdgign (j/9== `l) 4= 9= >,49 =,>; 1= ;= 8,;7 =,>9 := 2= 8,7: =,>= 8= 7= 8,87 =,74 >= >= 8,19 =,71 7= 8= 8,41 =,78 2= := :,9: =,7> ;= 1= :,21 =,77 9= 4= :,:2 =,72 > 4> 1,=7 =,7; * ]cgnré snr sukstdtuàgc pnlc hcshitc gn sògdc `cfckésdbc `cfcdgritigc (4,;=1 j).

;;

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

RCL^ÊÂC WI@]ÂC DRCW×FDBI GN IBNWIWC GN ZIL]CLN @CGDHDBIGI  Ébdgc ibätdbc 44%

 Ibntitc gn sògdc ifdgrc

`l/9== `l

j/9== `l

9,99 9,=8 =,41 =,11 =,:8 =,89 =,71 =,2> =,;> =,9: =,99

=,9;2 =,94: =,;4> =,72> =,8=: =,1=7 =,417 9,9>8 9,;48 =,7=; 9,717

pA

Blcrntc gn sògdc piri dsctcfdbdgign j/9== `l

2, 8 2, 1 7, = 7, ; 7, 7 7, 8 7, 1 >, = >, ; >, 7 >, 8

=,;1 =,;1 =,;: =,;8 =,;7 =,;; =,;9 =,94 =,91 =,9: =,98

[nliêâc gn ijnftns ibdgd﬉biftns, ilbildfdziftns n ti`pcfiftns n`prnjigcs fi `ifdpuliêâc gn `ngdbi`nftcs piri c ieustn gc pA cu ti`pcfi`nftc5

 Ébdgc ibätdbc jlibdil, ébdgc ibätdbc, ébdgc kòrdbc, ébdgc bàtrdbc, ébdgc blcràgrdbc, blcràg rdbc, ébdgc blcràgrdbc gdluàgc, ébdgc létdbc, ibntitc gn sògdc, kdbirkcfitc gn sògdc, birkcfitc gn

sògdc, bdtritc gn sògdc cu gn pctéssdc, adgròxdgc gn sògdc cu gn pctéssdc, hcshitc gn sògdc gdkésdbc, hcshitc gn sògdc cu pctéssdc `cfckésdbc.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

;2

 

] I[WN 7 DFHC[@IÊÞNR RDFWNWDUIGIR RCK[N pA N KIRNR GN DFBC[]C[IÊÂC GN IWDXCR GN ^RC WÒ]DBC ]cr `ndc gn nstugcs, dfhcr`iêþns täbfdbc-bdnftà﬉bis täbfdbc-bdnftà﬉bis hcri` lnviftigis i rnspndtc gcs prdfbdpids itdvcs bc`nrbdil`nftn gdspcfdkdldzigcs piri c snj`nftc `ijdstril, is quids sâc sdftntdzigis fc Yuigrc 9 ikidxc, qun bcftä` crdnftiêâc sckrn pA gn nstikdldgign n sujnstþns gn kisns gn dfbcrpcriêâc gcs itdvcs.  DFHC[@IÊÞNR  RCK[N ]A GN NRWIKDLDGIGN  N KIRNR GN DFBC[]C[IÊÂC GN  IWDXCR  IWDXCR ^WDLDUIGCR N@ ][N]I[IÊÞNR  GN ^RC WÒ]DBC . Y^IG[C 9 󲀒󲀒 D @IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

II;J®

 IRBC[KTL JL^BCRDGN  JL^BCRDGN 

IKIBIWN AJ

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

]N[RNI J[IWDRRD@I (IXCBIGC) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

isbòrkdbc ; ‒ pA nftrn >,= n :,=  Ébdgc jlubcsigc. adgrcjldbòldbc gn pA nftrn >,= n 8,= Nxtritc ikibitn.

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R) Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

IKIBIWN CL

]N[RNI J[IWDRRD@I (IXCBIGC) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

vnjntil clncsc gn pA nftrn >,= n 8,= Nxtritc ikibitn.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

IKGCLDIFBN

R^B[CRN ]IL@DW ]IL@DWIWN IWN (IFG) ]CLTRC[KI ]CLTRC[KIWN WN  ;= (IFG) JL JLTBN[TL LDFCLNIW LDFCLNIWN N (IFG) ]I^LLDFDI B^]IFI RNNG NQW[IBW (IFG) @ILWCGNQW[DF (IFG) ][^F^R I@TJGIL^R G^LBDR (RZNNW IL@CFG) CDL (IFG) LNBDWADF (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) BDW[^R  I^[IFWD^@  I^[IFW D^@ I@I[I I@I[I (KDWWN[ (KDWWN[ C[IFJN) C[IFJN) ]NNL ]NNL NQW[IBW (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL (IFG) WCBC]AN[CL

Bc`kdfiêâc vntcrdzigi ﬋ivcfcdgns gn lirifei pA nftrn >,= n :,= gn i`irji n nxtritc gn sn`nftn gn juirifé.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

IKTRRDFN ® 8>:

ZIWN[ (IFG) ILWN[C@CFIR HN[@NFW NQW[IBW (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL

cktdgc pA nftrn 7,> n 1,> Nxcpcldssibiràgnc pcr kdctnbfclcjdi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

BC@]CRDÊÂC

;7

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) ]rnpiriêþns gdvnrsis Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Brn`ns Lcêþns Bcfgdbdcfigcrns @ésbiris bipdlirns Jäds fâc d÷fdbcs Brn`ns fâc d÷fdbcs Lcêþns fâc d÷fdbis Qyldifbn® N`uldifbn [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 2= ½B ipòs gdspnrsâc n` éjui. Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n Hcr`uliêþns sclirns cu pòs-scl, pòs-kirki n pòs-gnpdlitòrdc pòs-gnpdlitòrdcss Hcr`uliêþns piri usc dfhiftdl

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

N^WN[]N CLN[IBNI H[^DW NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. pA nftrn 2,= n >,= ldbc gn iêià.

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

ÉBDGC ILHILD]CDBC

 IL]AI LD]CDB IBDG

Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> B1A97C;R; (]@5 ;=8,22)

Gdignr`dfi n jnl gn birk÷`nrc.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Hcr`uliêþns gdvnrsis [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi n n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB. N` n`ulsþns gnvnré snr dfbcrpcrigc ipòs rnshrdi`nftc gi prnpiriêâc. Brn`ns fâc d÷fdbcs Jnl fâc d÷fdbc Lcêþns fâc d÷fdbis

ÉBDGC KNFUCDBC

KNFUCDB IBDG (C[) KNFUNFN BI[KCQTLDB  IBDG

pA `nfcr qun >,=

Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B:A8C; (]@5 9;;,9;)

Gdignr`dfi n jnl gn birk÷`nrc.

]c`igis Brn`ns Jäds fâc d÷fdbcs

IÊIÀ AJ

IBA[C@IQTL

W@

ZIWN[ (IFG) K[IRRDBI FI]^R NQW[IBW 

 Itdvc bc`pcstc gn pA nftrn 2,= n 1,= prctnàfis adgrcldsigis n hnr`nftigis nxtriàgis gn

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Krissdbi fipus.

ÉBDGC BÀW[DBC

 IBDGC ;-ADG[CQD--9,;,29,;,2][C]IFCW[DBI[KCQÀLDBC

`clnbulir5 pA nftrn 2,> n 7,= BHòr`uli A C 8 1 : (]@5 94;,9=)

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ  

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

 

Gdignr`dfi n jnl gn birk÷`nrc.

]c`igis Brn`ns Jäds fâc d÷fdbcs Rdfnrjdsi i iêâc gn iftdcxdgiftns hnfòldbcs (KAI) bc`c nc ckutdritc adgrcxdifdscl kutdritcgn gn adgrcxdtclucl (KAW).

;>

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

ÉBDGC HN[ÕLDBC

HN[^LDB IBDG

ÉBDGC HÀWDBC

(9[,;[,2R,7R,>[,8R)-BTBLCANQIFN9,;,2,7,>,8-ANQITL 9,;,2,7,>,8-ANQI TL ANQIODR_GDATG[CJ ANQIODR_GDATG[CJNF NF (]ACR]AIWN)P

ÉBDGC  JLDBD[[ÀUDBC®

ÉBDGC JLDBÒLDBC ]^[DHDBIGC (JLT]^[N® :=)

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

JLTBCLDB IBDG

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

2-(7-adgrcxd-2-`ntcxdhnfdl);-prcpnfcdbc ébdgc. Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B9=A9=C7 (]@5 947,94) Nfbcftrigc fis hclais gn pA n` 2,> sn`nftns gn bnrnids, bc`c irrcz `irrc`, trdjc n ivndi, ilä` gn bihä, `iêâ, ilbibachri, i`nfgcd`, lirifei n ikibixd. Anxihcshitc gn dfcsdtcl. `clnbulir5 pA nftrn 7,= n 7,> Hòr`uli BA C ] 8 91 ;7 8 (]@5 88=,=7) Gnrdvigc gn Jlybyrradzi  jlikri. pA n` 2,= Hòr`uli @clnbulir5 B7;A8;C98 (]@5 1;;,42) pA gn utdldziêâc5  Ébdgc adgrcxdibätdbc? nftrn >,= n 8,>  Ébdgc adgrcxdntifcdbc adgrcxdntifcdbc cu (adgritiftn)?  IAI. nftrn 2,= n 7,= Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 (nshcldiftn)? B;A7C2 nftrn 9,= n ;,= (nshcldiftn hcrtn ‒ i (]@5 :8,=>) brdtärdc `ägdbc)

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Jäds Jäds-brn`n Rärufs N`ulsþns lnvns @ésbiris Hctcprctntcrns

Gdignr`dfi n jnl gn birk÷`nrc.

]c`igis Brn`ns fâc d÷fdbcs Jäds fâc d÷fdbcs Lcêâc/brn`n fâc d÷fdbcs cdl hrnn

Gdignr`dfi n jnl gn birk÷`nrc.

]c`igis Brn`ns Jäds fâc d÷fdbcs

Gdignr`dfi n jnl gn birk÷`nrc.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n Rärufs W÷fdbcs W÷fdbcs hhibdids ibdids ]nnldfjs rneuvnfnsbngcrns (i brdtärdc `ägdbc)

;8

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC Cktdgc pcr kdctnbfclcjdi `ngdiftn i hnr`nftiêâc gc Rtrnptcbcbbu Rtrnptcbcbbuss zccn-

ÉBDGC ADIL^[×FDBC

 pdgn`dbus vnjntil.  n` sukstritc pA nftrn >,> n :,>  Ébdgc adilur÷fdbc pò. pò. ]cldssibiràgnc fituril, hcr`igc pcr ufdgigns gc ébdgc jldbur÷fdbc n f-ibntdljldbcsi`dfi, (B97A;=FFiC99)f.

RCGD^@ ATIL^[CFIWN 

ÉBDGC ADIL^[×FDBC 9%

RCGD^@ ATIL^[CFIWN (IFG) ZIWN[ (9% RCL^WDCF)

ÉBDGC OÒEDBC

OCEDB IBDG

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Jäds Brn`ns Lcêþns Adgritiftns hibdids n bcrpcrids W÷fdbcs Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Kélsi`cs ipòs-kirki [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 1= ½B

Jäds Brn`ns Lcêþns hibdids n bcrpcrids Kisns bitd÷fdbis n ibnf- Adgritiftns W÷fdbcs tuigi`nftn ilbildfis. Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Kélsi`cs pòs-kirki [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 1= ½B. ;-aygrcxy`ntayl->-aygrcLcêþns cdl hrnn xy- j -pyrcfn Brn`ns cdl hrnn Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 ]c`igis B A C Jäds fâc d÷fdbcs rnsdstnftns ic 8 8 7 pA nftrn 2,= n >,= Gdignr`dfi n jnl (]@5 97;,99) pA ébdgc. Gnrdvigc gi hnr`nftiêâc ifd÷fdbc. [nbc`nfgi-sn igdbdcfir gc `dlac cu gc irrcz, snqunstriftn (NGWI gdssògdbc gnbcrrnftn gn vérdis =,;%) + ti`pâc ébdgc bàtrdbc/  nspäbdns hõfjdbis. bdtritc. Cktdgc pcr kdctnbfclcjdi `ngdiftn i hnr`nftiêâc gc Rtrnptcbcbbu Rtrnptcbcbbuss zccn pdgn`dbus n` sukstritc pA nftrn >,> n :,> vnjntil. ]cldssibiràgnc fituril hcr`igc pcr ufdgigns gc ébdgc jldbur÷fdbc n f-ibntdljldbcsi`dfi.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

;:

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC  Ébdgc crjëfdbc cktdgc cktdgc i

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

ÉBDGC LIBWCKD×FDBC

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

ÉBDGC LÉWDBC 1>%

LIBWDB IBDG

ÉBDGC @IFGÄLDBC

@IFGNLDB IBDG

ÉBDGC [NWDFCDBC

ÉBDGC RILDBÀLDBC

pirtdr gi cxdgiêâc quà`dbi `dbrckdifi gi libtcsn. pA nftrn 2,= n >,= cu [nsulti gi eufêâc gn Jlubcfclibtcfi bc` u`i `cläbuli gn Jilibtcsn.  Ébdgc ‒(+) létdbc cu ébdgc ilhi adgrcxdprcpd÷fdbc cu ébdgc ;-adgrcxdprcp ;-adgrcxdprcpifcdbc ifcdbc cu ébdgc pA nftrn 2,> n 7,> ;-adgrcxdprcpd÷fdbc. Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B2A8C2 (]@5 4=,=1)  Ébdgc ι-adgrcxdknfznfciι-adgrcxdknfznfcibätdbc. pA nftrn 2,>1 n Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 7,= B1A1C2 (]@5 9>;,9>)

Fâc gnsbrdti fi(s) ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

Brn`ns Lcêþns brn`csis

Gdignr`dfi n jnl ifd÷fdbc.

]c`igis Brn`ns Jäds fâc d÷fdbcs

Gdignr`dfi n jnl gn birk÷`nrc.

]c`igis Brn`ns Jäds fâc d÷fdbcs Lcêþns Lcêþns cdl hrnn Brn`ns cdl hrnn Jäds gn birk÷`nrc [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir i hrdc n igdbdcfir sdstn`i iftdcxdgiftn (`ntikdssul﬉tc gn sògdc =,9%, ébdgc bàtrdbc =,>% n NGWI gdssògdbc =,9-=,;%).

(ILL-N)-2,:-GD@NWATL-4-(;,8,8W[D@NWATL-9-BTBLCANQNF-9-TL)-;,7,8,1FCFIW[NWINFCDB IBDG

Wrntdfcdfi, vdti`dfi I 92-bds-rntdfcdbc. pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> ébdgi, 92-bds-rntdfcdbc. Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B;=A;1C; (]@5 2==,77)

Gdignr`dfi.

RILDBDLDB IBDG (C[) ;-ATG[CQTKNFUCDB  IBDG

;-ébdgc-adgrcxdknfzcdbc, ébdgc crtc-adgrcxdkn crtc-adgrcxdknffpA nftrn 2,= n 2,> zcdbc. . Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B:A8C2 (]@5 921,9;)

Lcêþns cdl hrnn Gdignr`dfi, kisns ilbild- Brn`ns cdl hrnn fis n jnl gn birk÷`nrc. ]c`igis Jäds fâc d÷fdbcs

;1

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

ÉBDGC W[DBLC[C IBÄWDBC

W[DBLC[^@ IBNWDB IBDG

 Ébdgc trdblcrc ibätdbc. ibätdbc. Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B;ApA nftrn ;,= n 7,= Bl C 2 ; (]@5 982,24)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Gdignr`dfi n jnl gn birk÷`nrc.

Jäds fâc d÷fdbcs Jnl gn Birkcxd`ntdlbnlulcsn (pcssud rnsdståfbdi i pA ébdgc)

IBFIBDGCL®

K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) 9= ADG[CQTGNBIFCDB IBDG (IFG) RNKIBDB  IBDG (IFG) 9,9= GNBIFNDGDCL GNBIFNDGDCL

Cktdgc pcr sàftnsn quà`dbi Fâc gnsbrdti fi(s) pA nftrn 7,= n >,> gc òlnc gn `i`cfi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

IBFN BCFW[CL®

HC@NR CHHDBDFILDR (@^RA[CC@) NQW[IBW (IFG) FDIBDFI@DGN (IFG) TNIRW NQW[IBW (IFG) INRB^L^R AD]]CBIRWIF^@ (AC[RN BANRWF^W) RNNG NQW[IBW (IFG) I@@CFD^@ JLTBT[[ADUIWN (IFG) ]IFWANFCL (IFG) UDFB JL^BCFIWN ][C]TLNFN  JL JLTBCL TBCL (IFG) BIHHNDFN (IFG) KDCWDF (IFG) RILDQ FDJ[I (IFG) NQW[IBW K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ZIWN[

Cktdgc i pirtdr gn nxtritcs gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,> n :,= n bc`pcfnftns kdctnbfc- Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. lòjdbcs.

®

IBFNKDCL

IB-FNWÅ

RILDBTLDB IBDG (IFG) UDFB  IBNWTL@NWADCFIWN (IF  IBNWTL@NWADCFIWN (IFG) G) RDLIFNGDCL RILDBTLIWN (IFG) ILCN KI[KIGNFRDR LNIH NQW[IBW (IFG) A^@^L^R L^]^L^R (AC]R) NQW[IBW (B^[B^@KN[) H[^DW (IFG) NQW[IBW B^B^@DR (IFG) RIWDX^R BDW[^R @NGDBI LD@CF^@ (LN@CF) H[^DW NQW[IBW (IFG) ATG[CLTUNG NLIRWDF (IFG) ATG[CLTUNG BCLLIJNF   IY^I (IFG) K^WTLNFN K^WTLNFN JLTBCL JLTBCL (IFG) ]NJ8= IL@CFG JLTBN[DGNR (IFG) BI][TLTL JLTBCL (IFG) JLTBN[DF (IFG) BI[KC@N[ (IFG) FC[GDATG[CJ^IDI[NWDB IBDG (IFG) CLNIFCLDB IBDG

 Iprnsnfti vérdcs bcfsFâc gnsbrdti(s) fi tdtudftns, prdfbdpil`nftn pA nftrn 7,> n :,> isscbdiêâc gn nxtritcs vn- ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. jntids bc` ébdgc sildbàldbc.

 Ébdgc clncfcldbc n ébdgc pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> fcrgd-dgrcjuidrätdbc.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

hrnn Brn`ns Lcêþns cdlcdl hrnn Jäds Jäds-brn`n Rärufs Lnfêcs u`ngnbdgcs Gnscgcriftns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir ipòs i n`ulsd﬉biêâc n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 8> ½B. Jc`ijns Rikcfntns Lcêþns cdl hrnn N`ulsþns Jäds Rärufs Rcluêþns adgrcilbcòldbis Lcêþns t÷fdbis Hdltrcs sclirns

Brn`ns Jäds Lcêþns N`ulsþns W÷fdbcs W÷fdbcs N`ulsþns Jäds Kisns bcrrntdvis

 

;4

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

IBRIFWDBTWCRW[NRRC[®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

O[I@N[DI W[DIFG[I [CCW NQW[IBW 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Hriêâc nxtritdvi gis riàzns Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n 8,= gn Ori`nrdi trdifgri. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Jäds W÷fdbcs N`ulsþns fâc d÷fdbis Jäds-brn`n Lcêâc Qild﬉f 9>® Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns

IBWDJL^BIF

®

 ILCN KI[GNFRDR KI[GNFRDR LNIH NQW[IBW NQW[IBW (IFG) 9-2 KNWI-JL^BIF N 9-8 KNWIJL^BIF (IFG) RCGD^@ ATIL^[CFIWN (IFG) JLTBN[DF (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL (IFG) BI][TLTL BI][TLTL JLTBCL

ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) @IJFNRD^@ IRBC[KTL ]ACR]AIWN (IFG) IWNLCBCLLIJNF IWNLCBCLLIJNF (IFG) RCGD^@ BACFG[CDWDF R^LHIWN (IFG) QIFWAIF J^@ (IFG) ]CLTRC[KIWN ;=

® IBWDXNR]AN[NR   XDW B ]@J

IGNFDF®

 IGNFDF 

Bc`pcstc gn Ilcn vnri,  pA nftrn >,> n :,7 9,2-9,8 kntijlubifc, jld- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi bnrdfi n ébdgc adilur÷fdbc. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.  Éjui, kutdlnfcjldbcl, kutdlnfcjldbcl, hcshitc gn isbcrkdl `ijfäsdc, sulhitc gn bcfgrcdtdfi sògdbi, itnlcbcléjnfc, jc`i pA nftrn >,= n 8,= xiftifi n pcldsscrkitc ;=. Nfbipsuliêâc gi Xdti`dfi B ]@j (ästnr hcshitc gn isbcrkdl `ijfäsdc) n` fifcbépsulis gn bcléjnfc `irdfac n rnbcknrtis pcr pclà`nrcs fiturids. F8-hurhurylignfdfn (acr`÷fdc vnjntil cktdgc pA nftrn :,= n :,> sdftntdbi`nftn). Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B9=A4F>= (]@5 ;9>,;9)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

2=

Brn`ns Jäds Lcêþns ]òs-kirki n pòs-gnpdlitòrdc Kisns fâc d÷fdbis Jäds Jäds-brn`n Jäds gn Fitrcscl ® ;>= AA[ Lcêþns Rärufs N`ulsþns fâc d÷fdbis

FNW-HR® Lcêþns n brn`ns Lifnttn® Brn`ns Jäds Jäds-brn`n

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

IGD]CL

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

DXT NQW[IBW (IFG) CQ KDLN NQW[IBW (IFG) ]NJ-1 (IFG) WI[WI[DB IBDG

IGD]C[NJ^LDFN ®

BIHHNDF (IFG) RCGD^@ RILDBTLIWN (IFG) LTRCLNBDWADF (IFG) ADG[CJNFIWNG LNBDWADF (IFG) IR]I[WI@N (IFG) JLTBDFNRCTI (RCTKNIF) JN[@ RW[IBW (IFG) RDLDBI (IFG) BCLN^R HC[OROCLDD[CCW NQW[IBW 

IGXIFBNG @CDRW^[N BC@]LNQÅ

JLTBN[DF (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) RCGD^@ ]BI (IFG) ^[NI (IFG) W[NAILCRN (IFG) ]CLTY^IWN[FD^@ >9 (IFG) RCGD^@ ATIL^[CFIWN 

IJA

JL^BCRTL ANR]N[DGDF 

IA-2

 IBNWTL ANQI]N]WDGN-2 ANQI]N]WDGN-2

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Nxtritc gn Anri, Nxtritc gn kàlds, n u` tnfscitdvc pA nftrn >,> n 8,> nspnbdil -ästnr pcldcgdntdlnfcjldbcl gc ébdgc tirtérdbc. pA `idcr qun :,=

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Jnl gn birk÷`nrc

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds

 Isscbdiêâc gn ispirti`n Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi n bihnàfi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Hcr`igc pnli isscbdiêâc gis snjudftns sukstëfbdis5 Éjui, ]BIFi, pA nftrn 7,= n 1,= Jldbnrdfi, ^rädi, Adilurcfitc gn Rògdc, Wrnailcsn n ]cldquitnrfdu` >9  Ilhi-jlubcsyl anspnrdgdf, anspnrdgdf, pA nftrn 2,= n 1,= qun ä i hcr`i sclõvnl gi adspnrdgdfi. pA nftr nftrnn 77,= ,= n >>,= ,= Ibnt Ibntdldl anxipnptàgnc-2

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds ]rcgutcs iftdijdfj, pòs-scl, gnscrgnfs gn qunritdfdziêâc qunritdfdziêâc,, adgritiftns gdvnrscs, dfblusdvn xi`pus piri `nlacrir i adgritiêâc n i u`nbtiêâc bipdlir. bipdlir. Hcr`uliêþns piri c budgigc gi pnln? Hcr`uliêþns piri kifac Kisns fâc d÷fdbis Birk÷`nrcs [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= ½B.

 

29

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

ILIFWCDFI

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

 ILLIFWCDF 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

pA nft nftrn rn 7,= 7,= n 11,= ,= Iliftc i ftcdf dfii

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Brn`ns piri is `âcs n päs ]rctntcrns sclirns Kitcfs ]c`igis likdids Gnscgcriftns Lcêþns pòs-kirki Lcêþns hibdids Wilbcs Qi`pus Rikcfntn làqudgc Kifac gn nspu`i Brn`n gnftil  Iftdssäptdbcs crids ...

^tdldzigi n` prnpiriêþns piri budgigc gi pnln, prcgutcs gn pnrhu`irdi n piri adjdnfn cril. N`ulsþns

ILKIWDF®

ILGIXDFNÅ

 I@DFCNWATL]ACR]ACFDB IBDG (IFG)  I@DFCNWATL]ACR]ACFDB K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ZIWN[

 IRBC]ATLL^@ FCGCR^@ FCGCR^@ NQW[IBW (IFG)  IR]I[IJC]RDR  IR]I [IJC]RDR  I[@IWI  I[@I WI NQW[IBW NQW[IBW (IFG) RC[KDWCL (IFG) ZIWN[

nstévnl gc ILI-] Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n 4,= Rcluêâc (ébdgc i`dfcntdlhcsh÷fdbc). ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. Bc`pcstc gn pcldssibiràgncs gnrdvigcs gn iljis (nxtritcs gn iljis pA nftrn 7,> n 1,> `irrcfs _ Ispirijcpsds  Ispirijcpsds Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi  ir`itiP n iljis vnr`nlais ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.  _Isbcpayllu` fcgcsu`P)  Isbcpayllu` bcftnfgc ti`kä` scrkdtcl n éjui.

2;

Lcêþns Brn`ns Jäds Rärufs Rcluêþns Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n ]rnpiriêþns prä n pòs-sclirns

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

ZIWN[ (IFG) ATG[CLTUNG ZANIW ][CWNDF (IFG) ATG[CLTUNG RCT ][CWNDF (IFG)  QIFWAIF J^@ (IFG) W[D]N]WDGN-9 W[D]N]WDGN-9

ILGNFDFN®

ILJI H^B^R AJ

ILJIRIF I@

ILJDRD^@ B® ILJDRD^@ B;

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Bc`pcstc gn adgrcldsigc gn prctnàfi vnjntil (prctnàfi adgrcldsigi gc trdjc pA nftrn >,= n :,= n prctnàfi adgrcldsigi

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

gi scei) ngnfc`dfigc gn trdpnptàgnc sdftätdbc JAO (Jldbdl-Adstdgdl-Ldsdfi).

H^B^R XNRDB^LCR^R NQW[IBW 

adgrcjldbòldbc gn pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> Nxtritc Hubus vnsdbulcsus.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

 ILJIN NQW[IBW  NQW[IBW 

gn prdfbàpdcs pA nftrn >,= n :,= Bc`plnxc itdvcs gn iljis `irdfais `irdfais..

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

@NWATLRDLIFCL @IFF^[CFIWN 

Bc`pcstc gn `ifurcfitc Kisns qun bcftnfai` sids gn bélbdc, élbccds n pA nftrn 7,= n :,= gn `ntdlsdlifcl (ébdgc pcld`ifur÷fdbc bc `irdfac). pcldélbccds

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Brn`n Fdoocldpdg 19R® bc` ]lurdjnl® Jnl gn ]lurdjnl® Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` ]lurdjnl® ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5

 Irjdrnldfn® , Ldpcrngubtyl ® , Kdcprctnbtyl ® , ﬉ltrcs sclirns gi Ldfai Fnc Anldcpif® , Fdoocl ®  XB-D], Rnfsdldfn® , Ivnfclit  Ivnfclit ® , Rtrubturdfn®

... [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB. Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Brn`ns Jäds Lcêþns bcrpcrids ]rnpiriêþns sclirns ]rnpiriêþns iftdnfvnlanbd`nf iftdnfvnlanbd`nftc tc Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns N`ulsþns Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs Rcluêþns

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

22

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

ILDRWDF®

ILCN XN[I AJ

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI GNBI[KCQT BI[FCRDFN AB (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ZIWN[

 ILCN KI[KIGNFRDR KI[KIGNFRDR LNIH NQW[IBW  NQW[IBW 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Blcrdgritc gn gnbikcxdbir- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n :,> fcsdfi n kutdlnfcjldbcl. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Nxtritc adgrcjldbòldbc gn pA nftrn ;,> n 7,>  Ilcn vnri.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) N`ulsþns Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs Rcluêþns ]rnpiriêþns iftdibfn Brn`ns Lcêþns ]rnpiriêþns piri rcstc n bcrpc Krcfznigcrns ]rnpiriêþns pòs-scl Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Gnscgcriftns Lcêþns pòs-kirki Rikcfntns ]rnpiriêþns piri pnlns snf-

ILCN XN[I CL

IL]AI-I[K^WDFÅ

 ILCN KI[KIGNFRDR KI[KIGNFRDR LNIH NQW[IBW  NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc vnjntil clncsc gn pA nftrn ;,> n 7,> kikcsi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

 IL]AI-I[K^WDF   IL]AI-I[K^W DF 

 Ilhi-jldbcsàgnc pA nftrn 2,> n 8,> B A C 9; 98 :

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

27

sàvnds Brn`ns Lcêþns rnstiurigcris n prctntcris ]rnpiriêþns piri c bc`kitn gc nfvnlanbd`nftc butëfnc ]rnpiriêþns prctntcris Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns N` scluêþns bc` tncr ilbcòldbc gn itä >=% Brn`ns Lcêþns

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

IL]DFN AN[KR R]NBDIL NQW[I]CF®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

I@IFG^LDFN RJ®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

I@I[IRAI]N ®

I@NLDCQ

®

I@ÅFGCI GCBN AJ

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Bc`plnxc gn nxtritcs jldbòldbcs gn jnfbdifi, pA nftrn 7,= n 4,= nrvi gn Râc Ecâc, `nldssi, pdfac, zd`krc, urtdji n irfdbi.

pA ibd`i gn 8,=

BDW[^R I^[IFWD^@ I@I[I H[^DW NQW[IBW (IFG) BIHHNDFN (IFG) LNBDWADF (IFG)  ILBCACL (IFG) ]NFWTLNFN ]NFWTLNFN JLTBCL JLTBCL (IFG)  IY^I

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Jäds Brn`ns Lcêþns Lcêþns adgrcilbcòldbis Racwnr   jäds jäds Qi`pus ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5

 Iqui Ldbcrdbn Ldbcrdbn ]^ ® , Badtcjldbif® , ^fgnlnfn® , Udfbdgcfn® , Nxhclldsodf® , Fdoocl XB-D] ® , ]aytcspadjcsdfn® , Rnkcfcr`dfn® , ®  Ivnfclit  , Wdcsdldfi Bc`plnx  Bc`plnx ® , ^fgi`dgn® n I`ifguldfn®.

gnsbrdti(s) fi Gnrdvigc gn hriêþns purd﬉- Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. bigis gi i`åfgci gcbn

Ldpcssc`is bcftnfgc sdfnhrdfi (nxtriàgi gn Bdtrus gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n 1,=  iuriftdu`) n bihnàfi, ilä` Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. gn lnbdtdfi, élbccl, pnftdlnfcjldbcl n éjui.

LNBDWADF (IFG) BI[FCRDF (IFG) WCBC]AN[CL (IFG) RDLTK^@ @I[DF^@ H[^DW NQW[IBW (IFG) JLTBN[DF (IFG)  ILBCACL (IFG) ZIWN ZIWN[ [

Ldpcssc`is qun vndbuli` sdld`irdfi n Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= birfcsdfi, tcbchnrcl (nxtriàgc gi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. scei).

][^F^R I@TJGIL^R G^LBDR (RZNNW  IL@CFG) RNNG NQW[IBW  NQW[IBW 

adgrcjldbòldbc gn pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc i`åfgci gcbn.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

N` scluêþns bc` tncr ilbcòldbc gn itä >=% Brn`ns Lcêþns Brn`n Qild﬉f 9>® Lcêâc ]iri`ul E® Brn`ns Jäds Jäds-brn`n Lcêþns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir i hrdc. Jäds Brn`ns Lcêþns Rärufs [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 8= ½B. Brn`ns Lcêþns ]rnpiriêþns sclirns Qi`pus Rikcfntns Bcfgdbdcfigcrns

 

2>

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Klnfg  gn  gn i`dfcébdgcs

I@DFC RDLO-L®

I@DFCÉBDGCR GI RNGI

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA dfhnrdcr i :,=

ldjigcs ic ébdgc bipràldbc cktdgcs pcr adgròldsn gi sngi sdftntdzigi pnlc dfsntc Kc`kyx `crd .

pA nftr nftrnn 7, 7,>> n ::,= ,= Aygrcl Aygrcldzng d zng Rdlloo

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) ]rnpiriêþns adgritiftns n iftdnfvnlanbd`nftc iftdnfvnlanbd`nf tc ]rnpiriêþns pòs-scl Bcfgdbdcfigcrns bc` cu sn` nfxéjun [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituris fâc nlnvigis. ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5

]aytcpadfjcsdfn® , Rtrubturdfn® , [ihhnr`dfn® , Odfntdf L® , Àrds Dssc® , @dbrcnspcfeis gn [ntdfcl ® , Iqui  ldbcrdbn Nxtribt Nxtribt ]W ® , Izncjldbdfn® ,  I`ifguldfn® n Xnjnquit ®.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Qi`pus, bcfgdbdcfigcrns n prnpiriêþns piri triti`nftc gn biknlcs gifd﬉bigcs Brn`ns Lcêþns @iqudijn` làqudgi @ésbiri piri bàldcs Rikcfntns Wdfturis bipdlirns  Ildsiftns Brn`ns

I@DFCÉBDGCR GC LNDWN

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

pA nftr nftrnn >, >,11 n ::,= ,= Aygrcl Aygrcldzng d zng @dlloo

28

Lcêþns Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

I@DRCL ® RCHW

KNANFTL ILBCACL (IFG) JLTBN[TL RWNI[IWN RWNI[I WN (IFG) ]ACR]ACLD]DGR GR ( IFG) JLTBDFN RCEI (RCTKNIF) RWN[CLR

I@DRCL ® W[DC

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

I@C[I AJ

IFGD[CKI AJ

IFWI[BWDBDFN®

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Hcshcldpàgdcs hufbdcfids N`ulsdcfiftn pcldvilnftn cktdgc gi bc`kdfiêâc gn gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n :,= hcshcldpàgdcs n ﬉tcnstnròds ﬉tcnstnròds.. Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. @d`ntdzi i nstruturi ldpàgdbi gc nxtritc bòrfnc pcr `ndc gi hcr`iêâc gn rngns li`nlirns.

N`ulsþns li`nlirns

Hcshcldpàgdcs hufbdcpA nftrn >,= n 1,= fids.

Qi`pus làqudgcs Rikcfntns

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

@C[^R FDJ[I H[^DW NQW[IBW 

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= Nxtritc ldbc gn i`cri. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

BI[I]I J^DIFNFRDR NQW[IBW 

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc ldbc gn i`cri. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]RN^GC ILWN[C@CFIR HN[@NFW NQW[IBW 

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Jldbcprctnàfi cktdgi pcr kdctnbfclcjdi gn nxpcldgnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= `nrdziêâc gc `ntikclds- Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. `c gi kibtärdi ]snugciltnrc`cfis iftirbtdbi FH2.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

@cussns

Bcfgdbdcfigcrns @ésbiris Brn`ns Lcêþns Qi`pus piri usc gdérdc Rikcfntns Kifacs gn nspu`i ]rnpiriêþns piri pnlns snfsàvnds Qi`pus Rikcfntns ]rnpiriêþns gn adjdnfn pnsscil N`ulsþns Jäds adgritiftns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir i hrdc.

 

2:

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

IFWD-CQ FDJAW

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC

pA GN

Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI @NWATLRDLIFCL @NWATLRDLIFC L ATG[CQT][CLDFN

NRWIKDLDGIGN

 IR]I[WIWN  IR]I[WI WN (IFG) GD@NWATLR GD@NWATLRDLIFCL DLIFCL ATIL^[CFIWN (IFG) GN[BI[KCQT BI[FCRDFN ABL (IFG) JL^WI@TLI@DGCNWATL JL^WI@T LI@DGCNWATL D@DGIUCLN (IFG)  UDFB  IBNWTL@NWADCFIWN  IBNWTL@NWADCF IWN (IF (IFG) G) BC]]N[  IBNWTL@NWADCFIWN  IBNWTL@NWADCF IWN (IF (IFG) G) @IJFNRD^@  IBNWTL@NWADCFIWN   IBNWTL@NWADCF IWN  (IFG) @IFJIFNRN  IBNWTL@NWADCFIWN(IFG  IBNWTL@NWADCF IWN(IFG)) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ZIWN[

BC@]CRDÊÂC

IFWD]CLCF AW

 IL^@DF^@ RDLDBIWN  RDLDBIWN 

I]]LN H[^DWI]CF K®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn `iêâ pA nftrn 7,= n 4,= nfrdqunbdgc bc` ilhikdsikclcl.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

GN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

pA nftrn nftrn 7,= 7,= n 8,= Rds Rdstn` tn`ii kdch kdchuf ufbdc bdcfil fil bc` bc` Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi dfõ`nrcs itdvcs. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

sdftätdbc gn ilupA nftrn 7,= n 1,= Rdldbitc `àfdc.

®

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGI-

Fâc gnvn snr dfbcrpcrigc n` Lifnttn F® n birk÷`nrcs.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

N`ulsþns Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs Lcêþns Brn`ns cdl hrnn Brn`ns Lcêþns fâc d÷fdbis Jnl gn Fitrcscl® ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5  Ébdgc Oòedbc, Oòedbc, Irku Irkutdf, tdf, XB-]@ XB-]@J. J. Brn`ns Lcêþns adgritiftns Jäds Qi`pus Rikcfntns làqudgcs Hcr`uliêþns piri kifac ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5

]aytcspadfjcsdfn® , Rnkc fcr`dfn® , Udfbdgcfn® , Cldjc-D Bc`plnx ® , Rnfsdldfn® , Ivnfclit  Ivnfclit ® , Ldpcssc`is ]@L Adgritiftn® , Fildgcfn® , Wdcldsdfi Bc`plnx Bc`plnx 2=® , Udfbdgcfn® , Libtdl ® , Adgrcvd® ® tcf ;7  n Xnjnquit  .

21

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

I][DBCW @DLO NQW[I]CF®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn pA nftrn 7,= n 4,= gi`isbc bc` lndtn gnsfitigc.

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Lcêþns Jäds Brn`ns Rikcfntns làqudgcs Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5

Adgrcvdtcf ;7® , Libtdl ® , Ldpcssc `is ]@L® NB, @dbrcbépsulis gn

 Ijir n` òlnc gn @ibigë`di®, ]aytcspadfjcsdfn®, RO-Df﬋ux®, ®

®

 I`ifguldf  I`ifguldfn  , Ivnfclit  Ivnfclit ® , nBadtcjlybif® , nGrijcgnr` Fildgcfn®.

Bcftä` c itdvc Jlikrdgdf i pirtdr gc nxtritc pA nftrn >,= n :,= cktdgc gi ridz gi Jlybyrradzi  jlikri Ldfnä. Bcftä` c itdvc LdbcbailI, cktdgc i pirtdr gc pA nftrn >,= n :,= bcfi nxtritc gi ridz gn Jlybyr radzi df﬋iti Kitildf.

IY^I LDBC[DBN NQW[IBW ]W®

JLTBT[[ADUI JLIK[I (LDBC[DBN)

IY^I LDBC[DBN NQW[IBW ]^®

JLTBT[[ADUI DFHLIWI DF HLIWI KIWILDF  KIWILDF 

IY^IHNNL

 IY^I (IFG) RCGD^@ ]BI ]BI (IFG)BILBD^@ (IFG) ]IFWANFCL (IFG) BDRWNDF (IFG) BN[DFN (IFG) I[JDFDFN (IFG) ][C]TLNFN JLTBCL

Bc`pcstc pcr ébdgc nxtritc gn pA nftrn 8,= n 1,= adilur÷fdbc, vdclnti, iljis `irdfais n piftnfcl.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Jnl gn Fitrcscl® Brn`n Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` ]lurdjnl® Brn`ns

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Jnl ]lurdjnl® Lcêâc adgrcilbcòldbi (9>%)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

]rcgutcs iftdijdfj, adgritiftns, rnfcvigcrns, futrdtdvcs, prä n pòs- sclirns  sclirns, dfhiftds, pòs-gnpdlitòrdcs, `isbuldfcs, n` jäds, jäds-brn`n, lcêþns, n`ulsþns.

 

24

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

IY^I]C[DFN IBWDXN® IY]-2

IY^IRNFRN®

I[K^WDF

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

JL^WI@TLI@DGCNWATLDFGCLN JL^WI@TLI@DGCNWATLDFGC LN (IFG) RDLIFNW[DCLL W[NAILCRN NWAN[ (IFG) RDLIFNW[DC JLTBN[DF 

ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ]D]WIGNFDI BCL^K[DFN ]NNL NQW[IBW 

ATG[CY^DFCFN JL^BCRN 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Kdcpnptàgnc gnrdvigc gc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= ébdgc jlutë`dbc isscbdigc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. ic sdlifntrdcl trnilcsn trnilcsn..

Bc`pcstc gn nxtritc bcfbnftrigc gn ]dptignfdi Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,> bclukrdfi (ifjdbc-krifbc) n pigrcfdzigc n` pcldssi- ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. biràgncs tctids.

Adgrcqudfcfi knti Adgrcqudfcfi g-jldbcpdrifcsàgnc? g-jldbcpdrifcsàg nc? adgrc- Kisns buecs vilcrns pA nftrn >,= n 1,= ]rdfbàc qudfcfiitdvc nstikdldzigi pA snei` ibnfnfbcftrigc gn tuigi`nftn ébdgcs cu fis hclais gi uvi-ursd ilbildfcs.  (Irbtcstipaylus uvi-ursd ).  Irbtcstipaylus ). B9;A98C:

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds W÷fdbcs Rcluêþns ]rnpiriêþns sclirns ]rnpiriêþns piri c bcftcrfc gcs clacs Rärufs ]rnpiriêþns piri c põkldbc `isbuldfc Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n Rärufs [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir i hrdc. Lcêþns cu brn`ns cdl hrnn Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n igdbdcfir gn [nbc`nfgi-sn =,9 i =,;% NGWI gdssògdbc n ti`pâc ébdgc bàtrdbc/bdtritc ís prnpiriêþns. [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i := ½B.

7=

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

I[JD[NLDFN ®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

 Ibntdl jluti`dl-`ntdcfdll-juti`dfdl-irjdfdl-irjdfdliFâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= `dgn.  Ibntdl Anxipnptà-gnc-1. Anxipnptà-gnc-1. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. Bc`pcstc gn ébdgc jlutë`dbc, `ntdcfdfi n irjdfdfi.

 IBNWTL ANQI]N]WDGN-1 ANQI]N]WDGN-1

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Jäds Jäds-brn`n Brn`ns Lcêþns d÷fdbis n fâc d÷fdbis [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir i hrdc. ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5

Wnfsdfn® , Ldhtdldfn® , Fdoocl XB-D] ® , Rnkcfcr`dfn® , Bcs`cbird B;>=® (Wnjc Bcs`c B ;>=® ), Blirdsodf DD ® , ]aysdcjnfyl ® , nftrn cutris.

N`ulsþns Brn`ns

I[JDRDL B®

RDLIFNW[DCL I[JDFIWN 

pA nft nftrn rn 7,> 7,> n 88,> ,> Rdllifc ifcll

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

I[FDBI AJ

 I[FDBI @CFWIFI @CFWIFI HLCZN[ NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn >,= n 8,> Nxtritc vnjntil jldbòldbc gn irfdbi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs Rcluêþns [nbc`nfgi-sn ir`iznfir n` tn`pnrituri fâc dfhnrdcr i = µB piri nvdtir i pcld`nrdziêâc drrnvnrsàvnl. ]rnpiriêþns piri bcftusþns bcftusþns,, nftcrsns, an`itc`is n gdstnfsþns `usbulirns ]rnpiriêþns bipdlirns ]rnpiriêþns piri i érni gcs clacs Brn`ns N`ulsþns Jäds Lcêþns Qi`pus

 

79

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) ]rcgutcs piri bcftusþns, nf-

I[FDBI CL

I[] 9==®

IRIHCNWDGI NQW[IBW

 I[FDBI @CFWIFI @CFWIFI HLCZN[ NQW[IBW 

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

HN[^LI HCNWDGI L. NQW[IBW 

tcrsns, an`itc`is n gdstnfsþns `usbulirns ]rnpiriêþns bipdlirns ]rnpiriêþns piri i érni gcs clacs Brn`ns N`ulsþns Jäds Lcêþns Qi`pus

vnjntil clncsc gn pA nftrn >,= n 8,> Nxtritc irfdbi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Nxtritc gi hruti gn Rnrn fci snrruliti snrruliti, nxtritc gi sn`nftn gi Burbukdti  pnpc n Nxtritc gn Npdlc kdu` ifjustdhcldu` ifjustdhcldu`.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Nxtritc gn Häruli hcntdgi L.  Iprnsnfti bc`c prdffbdpids bdpids bc`pcfnftns rnsdfis gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,> n >,> (bc` iltcs tncrns gn ébdgc Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. hnrõldbc n snus ästnrns), birkcdgritcs n òlncs nssnfbdids.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

pA nftrn 7,= n 8,>

Lcêþns n brn`ns cdl hrnn

IRBC[KCRDLIFN ®  B

7;

 

@CFC@NWATLRDLIFNW[DCL IRBC[KIWN 

]nbtdfitc gn isbcrkdl pA nftrn >,= n :,= `ntdlsdlifcl.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Jäds fâc d÷fdbcs Brn`ns Lndtns Rärufs [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= ½B.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

I^QDFI W[DBCJNFI®

 ILBCACL (IFG) ZIWN ZIWN[ [ (IFG) W^RRDLI W^RRDLIJC JC HI[HI[I (BCLWRHCCW) HLCZN[ NQW[IBW (IFG) IBADLLNI @DLLNHCLD^@ NQW[IBW (IFG) BADFBACFI R^BBD[^K[I KI[O NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn 7,1 n 8,1

Hdtcbc`plnxc (Wussdlijc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi hirhiri L., Ibadllni `dllnhc`dllnhcldtnrituri bcfsultigi.  ldu` n Bdfbacfi ch﬉bdfilds).

I^QDRWD@ J®

JL^WI@I^QDF (IFG) @NWATL][C]IFNGDCL (IFG) ZIWN[

pA ic rngcr rngcr gn 8,> Iuxdffii bc bcfeuj feujigi igi bc` bc` i`dfcébdgc.

IXNDI AJ

 IXNFI RIWDX RIWDXI I (CIW) (CIW) @NIL NQW[IB NQW[IBW  W 

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> Nxtritc ldbc gn ivndi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

IXNDI CL

 IXNFI RIWDX RIWDXI I (CIW) (CIW) @NIL NQW[IB NQW[IBW  W 

Nxtritc vnjntil clncsc gn pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> ivndi.

IXNLÂ AJ

BC[TL^R IXNLLIFI (AIUNL) RNNG NQW[IBW 

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc ldbc gn ivnlâ. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

IXNLÂ CL

BC[TL^R IXNLLIFI (AIUNL) RNNG NQW[IBW 

vnjntil clncsc gn pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc ivnlâ.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Lcêþns ilbcòldbis n jldbòldbis Qi`pus t÷fdbcs Hcr`uliêþns bipdlirns N`ulsþns Jäds Brn`ns Lcêþns Rärufs (hibn, bclc, pnsbcêc, érni gcs clacs n bcrpc) [nbc`nfgi-sn fâc iqunbnr. ]rnpiriêþns sclirns, Hcr`uliêþns iftdnfvnlanbd`n iftdnfvnlanbd`nftc ftc Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns ]rcgutcs sclirns Hcr`uliêþns iftdnfvnlanbd`nf iftdnfvnlanbd`nftc tc Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Brn`ns n lcêþns Qi`pus Hcr`uliêþns sclirns Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Rikcfntns Brn`ns Lcêþns ]rnpiriêþns piri triti`nftc sclir Hcr`uliêþns piri kifac

 

72

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

IXNFCLIW® DD

IUNLCJLDBDFI ®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

 IXNFI RIWDX RIWDXI I ON[FNL NQW[ NQW[IBW IBW (IFG) ATG[CLTUNG CIW ][CWNDF (IFG) ]CWIRRD^@ ]IL@TWCTL ATG[CLTUNG CIW ][CWNDF 

]CWIRRD^@ IUNLCTL GDJLTBDFIWN 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

N`ulsâc ldpàgdbi bc`pcsti Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n 8,> gn prctnàfis cktdgis gi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.  Ivnfi sitdvi.

pA nftrn >,= n 99,=

 Ébdgc iznlidbc sclõvnl. [nsultigc gi bcfgnfsiêâc nftrn ébdgc iznlidbc n jldbdfi (gdjldbdfitc gn

N`ulsþns gn éjui n` òlnc cu sdstn`is ldpàgdbcs ifdgrcs. Jnl gn Fitrcscl® n`

iznlcdl pctéssdc).

kidxis bcfbnftriêþns bcfbnftriêþns..

77

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Jäds-brn`n Lcêþns bcrpcrids n hibdids W÷fdbcs Qi`pus, nftrn cutrcs tdpcs gn hcr`uliêþns fâc d÷fdbis n ifd÷fdbis [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB. ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5

Nlitdfcl, XB-D], XB-D], Àrds Dssc, Irjdrnldfn, Rnfsdldfn n [n`cguldfn (n, piri usc bipdlir bc`5 I`ifguldf  I`ifguldfn, n,  Iprdbct @dlo Nxtripcf, Nxtripcf, Wdcldsdfi Bc`plnx 2=, Way`n Rpnbdil Nxtripcf).

Jnl-brn`n Fdooc`ulnsn 79®  bc` ]lurdjnl® Jnl gn Fitrcscl® Rcluêþns iqucsis Jäds-brn`n N`ulsþns tdpc C/I (﬋udgis cu brn`csis, fâc d÷fdbis, ifd÷fdbis sd`plns cu bc`pcstis) Lcêþns n brn`ns cdl hrnn. [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri i`kdnftn i`kdnftn.. ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5 Irkutdf, Bldfgi`dbdfi, Nlistcbnll, Rnkcfrc`dfn®, Kdcprctnbtyl®, Odfntdf L®, Blirdsodf DD®, Fdoocl XB-D]®

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC

pA GN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGI-

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

IUNLCRRC@NÅ

KNLDGNRÅ

Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

NRWIKDLDGIGN

GN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

ZI ZIWN[ WN[ (IFG) IUNLIDB IBDG (IFG) LNBDWADF (IFG) QIFWAIF J^@ (IFG)  IWNLCBCLLIJNF  IWNL CBCLLIJNF (IF (IFG) G) RCGD^@ BACFG[CDWDF R^LHIWN 

 Ébdgc iznlidbc pA nftrn 2,= n 1,= `dbrcnfbipsuligc

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

pigrcfdzigc gn pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> Nxtritc ﬋crns gn Knllds pnrnffds.

Rcluêâc ilbcòldbi.

KNLLDR ]N[NFFDR (GIDRT) HLCZN[ NQW[IBW 

KNWIJL^BIF

9-2 KNWIJL^BIF IFG 9-8 KNWIJL^BIF 

pA nftrn 2,= n 9=,=

]cldssibiràgncs prcguzdgcs pnli bulturi gn lnvnguris  Is `cläbulis gn G-Jldbcsn sâc ufdgis n` u`i bigndi ldfnir pcr

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Jäds Lcêþns hibdids Jnl-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf FBK® Jnl gn Irdstc﬋nx IXB® Jnl gn I`djnl® Brn`n gn Acstibnrdf BJ® 

Hcr`uliêþns gdvnrsis [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i >= µB.

ldjiêþns bcsàgdbis.gn 9-2 kntijld-

KNWI]^[Å

]FN^@^R KCLG^R LNIH NQW[IBW (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) QIFWAIF J^@ 

Nxtritc cktdgc gis hclais pA nftrn >,= n :,= gc Kclgc gc Badln (]fnu`us kclgus),

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

KHBH

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

]cldpnptdgn 9 pA nftrn >,= n :,= Hitcr gn brnsbd`nftc ﬉krckléstdbc késdbc.

N` scluêþns bipdlirns bc` ntifcl ibd`i gn 2=%

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Brn`ns, Lcêþns Lcêþns hibdids n bcrpcrids purd﬉bigcris piri pnlns clncsis, bc`c blirnigcr n iftdijdfj N`ulsþns Brn`ns Jäds-brn`n Jäds ]c`igis [nbc`nfgi-sn fâc iqunbnr n dfbcrpcrir fi hisn ﬉fil gi prnpiriêâc.

 

7>

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

 Isscbdiêâc gn ilhi-adgrcxdébdgcs bcftnfgc5 pA nftrn 9,> n ;,> ébdgc jldbòldbc, ébdgc létdbc, ébdgc bàtrdbc, ébdgc

KDC IAIR

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]rnpiriêþns gdvnrsis piri i rn`cêâc gn `ifbais n iftdnfvnlanbd`nftc,, ilä` gis utdldzivnlanbd`nftc gis piri ibfn n bc`ngþns.

tirtérdbc, nxtritc gn ld`âc n nxtritc gn lirifei.

KDC I]DR

ACFNT NQW[IBW (IFG) ][C]CLDR NQW[IBW (IFG) ]CLLNF NQW[IBW (IFG) [CTIL ENLLT NQW[IBW 

Bc`plnxc gnrdvigc gn pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= pròpclds, pòlnf, `nl n jnlndi rnil.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Lcêþns Rikcfntns Jäds

KDC GNWCQ®

BACFG[^R B[DR]^R ( BI[[IJNNFIF) BI[[IJNNFIF) NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc gn Bacfgrus pA nftrn >,> n 8,> brdspus.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns N`ulsþns Rikcfntns n` kirri Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns @ésbiris gn triti`nftc Brn`n piri pnftnir

RZNNW IL@CFG CDL (IFG) BC[F CDL (IFG) BCWWCFRNNG CDL (IFG) R^FHLCZN[RNNG R^FHLCZN[RNNG CDL (IFG) ZANIW  JN[@ CDL (IFG) IXCBIGC CDL (IFG) ]ACR]ACLD]DGNR (IFG) RY^ILNFN (IFG) JLTBN[TL LDFCLNIWN  (IFG) JLTBN[TL LDFCLNFIWN (IFG) WCBC]AN[TL IBNWIWN (IFG) RCT LNBDWADF (IFG) CBWTLGCGNBIFCL CBWTLGCGNBIFCL (IFG) R]ADFJCLD]DGR

KDCBN[T@ ®

KDCNQ ® IFWDCLNCRDGIGN

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

KDCNQ IFWDLD]Å@DBC®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

 Isscbdiêâc gn prdfbàpdcs itdvcs ldpàgdbcs n gdvnrscs òlncs vnjntids qun itui` ijnftns vnjntids pA nftrn 7,= n :,= bc`c `d`ätdbcs gn bnri`dgis 2. Bc`plnxc ldpcssclõvnl rdbc n` ldpàgncs n ébdgcs jrixcs. Bc`plnxc vnjntil adgrcjldbòldbc pA nftrn 2,> n >,= bc`pcstc gn5 ijrdâc, sélvdi, ld`âc, anri n qudlidi. Bc`pcstc gn irfdbi,  I`pli hidxi gn pA bivildfai, bistifai-gi-àfgdi, bnftnlli isdétdbi, iljis, anri n nrvi-`itn.

78

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]rnpiriêþns piri i pnln n c

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Hcr`uliêþns piri c triti`nftc gi adgrcldpcgdstrc﬉i jdfcdgn

biknlc

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I KDCNQ IFWDLD]Å@DBC

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Bc`plnxc vnjntil adgrcjldbòldbc bc`pcstc gn5 bisti fai-gi-àfgdi, Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi bistifai-gi-àfgdi, pA nftrn >,= n 8,> irfdbi, bnftnlli isdétdbi, bivildldtnrituri bcfsultigi. fai, ilji hubus, anri n

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Nspnbdil`nftn dfgdbigc n` hcr`uliêþns piri adgrcldpcgdstrc﬉i jdfcdgn

nrvi-`itn.

KDCNQ BIKNLCR FC[@IDR ®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

KDCNQ  IFWDBIR]I ®

KDCNQ® BIKNLCR RNBCR

 Isscbdiêâc gn nxtritcs vnjntids5 kirgifi, lõpulc,

FIÞ GNRB[DWC FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

KDCNQ® BIKNLCR CLNCRCR

Bc`plnxc vnjntil adgrcjldbòldbc bc`pcstc gn5  Ilcn vnri, ibnrcli, phéh﬉i, Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,> n >,> ivndi, `ibnli gc bi`pc, ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. jnr`n gn trdjc n Jdfojc  kdlcki.

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA nftrn 9,= n 2,= `iêâ, td`us, iqudlni, uvi, blcrc﬉li eué, ld`âc, n, ti`kä`, ébdgc sildbàldbc. Bc`plnxc vnjntil adgrcjldbòldbc bc`pcstc gn5 pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> iqudläi, eué, ld`âc, silvi, @nftai irvnfsds, ilnbrd` n qudlidi.  Isscbdiêâc gn nxtritcs vnjntids gn5 Ilcn vnri, pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= ilji jribdldérdi, `nl sdlvnstrn, bilåfguli, pipidi, odwd n i`åfgci gcbn.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

]rnpiriêþns bipdlirns gn usc hrnqunftn Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Brn`ns Jäds

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Qi`pus

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]rnpiriêþns piri c bcurc biknlugc

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]rnpiriêþns piri i`ibdir n adgritir biknlcs qunritdfdzigcs n rnssnbigcs Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns

Bcfgdbdcfigcrns

 

7:

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

KDCNQ® BI]DLI[

KDCNQ® BN[NIDR

KDCNQ® BDW[^R BC@]LNQ

KDCNQ® BC[ BI@C@DLI

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

 IBWDFDGDI BADFNFRDR BADFNFRDR (ODZD) H[^DW NQW[IBW (IFG) BDW[^R @NGDBI LD@CF^@ (LN@CF) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

BAI@C@DLLI [NB^WDWI (@IW[DBI[DI) HLCZN[ NQW[IBW 

KDCNQ® GNC

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Bc`plnxc vnjntil nfrdqunbdgc bc`pcstc gn5 qudfi, bipsdbu`, jn`i gn cvc, irfdbi, urtdji, phéh﬉i, Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> pòlnf, jnr`n gn trdjc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. ti`kä`, i`dfcébdgc  (n,Ibntyl  Ibntyl `ntadcfdfn `ntadcfdfn ) n `ubcpcldssibiràgnc (Rcgdu` bacfgrcdtdf sulhitn). Rcluêâc adgrcjldbòldbi gn gn prctnàfis pA nftrn >,= n :,= pnptàgncs gn bnrnids bc` nxtritc gn ivndi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Bc`plnxc vnjntil adgrcgnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn ;,= n 7,= jldbòldbc bc`pcstc gn odwd Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. n ld`âc. Bc`plnxc vnjntil gnrdvigc gi nxtriêâc iqucsi pA nftrn 2,> n >,> gi ﬋cr gi bi`c`dli (@itrdbirdi bai`c`dlli  L.). Bc`plnxc vnjntil bc`pcstc gn5 ilnbrd`, silvdi, pA nftrn 7,= n 1,= @nftai pdpnrdti, zngcérdi, ld`âc, nrvi-gcbn, Ilcn vnri n nrvi-`itn.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

W÷fdbcs Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns  Ildsiftns Wdfturis piri biknlcs Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Brn`ns [dfsijnfs [nstiurigcrns bipdlirns Qi`pus Kifacs gn nspu`i Rikcfntns ]rcgutcs adgritiftns [nstiurigcrns Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]rcgutcs bipdlirns Brn`ns

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Gnscgcriftns piri bcrpc Lcêþns Kifacs gn nspu`i Rikcfntns Qi`pus

71

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

KDCNQ® H[^WIR W[C]DBIDR AJ

®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

pA nftrn 2,> n >,> Fâc gnsbrdti fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Bc`plnxc vnjntil ad-

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Jäds Lcêþns Qi`pus W÷fdbcs Brn`ns bipdlirns Qi`pus Rikcfntns Jäds

KDCNQ  H[^WIR XN[@NLAIR AJ

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA nftrn 2,= n >,= grcjldbòldbc bc`pcstc gn5 bnrnei, hri`kcnsi n i`cri.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Rärufs Brn`ns Lcêþns Bcfgdbdcfigcrns @ésbiris

Bc`plnxc adgrcjldbòldbc gn5 bipsdbu`, pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> bc`pcstc jnfjdkrn, irfdbi n fdbctdfitc gn `ntdli.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Jäds Lcêþns

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KDCNQ® D]

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

KDC@CG^LDFN®

LNWDF^R NGCGNR

pA nftrn 7,> n 8,>

KDC]ADLDB ® A

ATG[CJNFIWNG LNBDWADF (IFG) B9;-98 ATG[CJNFIWNG  ILBCACLR (IFG) (IFG) ]IL@DWDB ]IL@DWDB IBDG

 Isscbdiêâc gn lnbdtdfi, pil`àtdbc n élbccds Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= ébdgc jrixcs bc` bigndi gn B9;  ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. i B98.

Lnftdfus ngcgns

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Brn`ns @iftndjis @ion-up

 

74

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

KDC]ATWNQ® LR 1:7=

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI ][C]TLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) [^RB^R  IB^LNIW^R [CCW NQW[IBW  IB^LNIW^R NQW[IBW (IFG) BNFWNLLI BNFWNLLI  IRDIWDBI  IRDI WDBI NQW[IBW (IFG) ]AIFWNFCL (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) BILNG^LI CHHDBDFILDR HLCZN[ NQW[IBW (IFG) ATG[CLTUNG TNIRW ][CWNDF (IFG) INRB^L^R AD]]CBIRWIF^@ (AC[RN (IFG) BANRWF^W) KI[O NQW[IBW (IFG) JLTBN[DF I@@CFD^@ JLTBT[[ADUIWN 

KDC][CWNBWTL ®

KDC-[NRWC[N®

ZIWN[ (IFG) ]T[^R @IL^R (I]]LN) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

ATG[CLTUNG ZANIW ][CWNDF (IFG) @NWADBCFN (IFG) ]CLTY^IWN[FD^@-9= (IFG) BI[KCBTRWNDFN. FN.

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Bc`plnxc kdcitdvc bcftnfgc5 [usbus ibulnitus, Bnftnlli isdétdbi, BilnfpA nftrn >,= n :,= guli ch﬉bdfilds, Insbulus  adppcbistifu`  adppcbistif u`, Ribbairc`ybns bnrnvdsdin n Jlybyrradzi jlikri.

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Jäds Jäds-brn`n Rärufs Lcêþns Brn`ns Hcr`uliêþns piri päs, `âcs, pòs-scl, pòs-kirki n piri c bcftcrfc gcs clacs [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir i hrdc.

Cktdgc gi bisbi gi `iêâ, Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> rdbc n` ﬋ivcfcdgns n ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. bailbcfis.

 Isscbdiêâc gn bdstnàfi Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n 7,> kdchufbdcfildzigi n `cf÷- ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. `nrcs, fiturids.

>=

Jäds Jäds-brn`n Rärufs Lcêþns Brn`ns ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5

Nlistdfcl +, Wnfsdfn® , [ihhnr `dfn® , Rtrubturdfn® , Àrds Dssc, Odfntdf® L, Blirdsodf DD ® , Fdoocl XB-D] ® , Nhignr`i® , Iqui Ldbcrdbn Nxtribt ]W ® , Gdòxdgc gn Wdtëfdc [utdlc @dbrcfdzigc WW ® , Òxdgc gn Udfbc ^ltri Hdfc® , ﬉ltrcs sclirns gi ldfai Fnc Anldcpif® ,

nftrn cutris. Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns ]rnpiriêþns piri lnivn-df Hdfildzigcrns @cgnligcrns

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Rcluêþns Jäds Brn`ns Brn`ns gnftids Lcêþns   ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5

KDC[^RCL ®

[^WDF (IFG) ]NJ-2>=-= @NWATLNWAN[

pA nftrn >,= n 1,= [utdfi adgrcssclõvnl.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Bccldfj Bc`plnx Nxtripcf® , Ngnsil ® , Dcgctrit ® , Ldpcrngubtyl ® , ]aytcspadfjcsdfn® , [ihhnr`dfn® , @dbrcnspcfeis gn rntdfcl ® [n`cguldfn® , Irfdbi Hdtcbcfbnftrcl  Hdtcbcfbnftrcl ® , Fildgcfn® , RO-Df﬋ux ® , Fdoocl XB-D] ® , ]aysdcjnfyl ® , Irjdrnldfn® , Kdcprctnbtyl ® , Odfntdf L® , Hc`kldf AB/;>® n Badtcjlubif®.

[nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir i hrdc.

KDCRILDQ NQW[IBW

RILDQ FDJ[I NQW[IBW 

KDCRODF^]®  BCFWC^[

LDLD^@ BIFGDG^@ HLCZN[ NQW[IBW (IFG) ]WATBAC]NWIL^@ CLIBCDGNR NQW[IBW (IFG) ]HIHHDI R] NQW[IBW (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFNJLTBCL K^WTLNFNJLTBCL (IFG) ]NJ-7= ATG[CJNFIWNG BIRWC[ CDL

iqucsi gis bis- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> Dfhusâc bis hrnsbis gi Rildx fdjri. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Jäds

 Iprnsnfti nxtritcs vnjntids bcfbnftrigcs n pigrcfdzigcs n` sipA nftrn 7,> n 8,= pcfdfis n ﬋ivcfcdgns gn làrdc-krifbc gn crdjn` nurcpndi, isscbdigc í phéh﬉i n `iripui`i fibdcfids.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n Rärufs [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

 

>9

 

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

KDCRC@N® G@IN

GD@NWATL I@DFC NWAIFCL (IFG) ]ACR]AIWDGTBACLDFN 

KDCR^L]A^[ HL^DG®

KDCWIFFDBCL D®

KDCWDF K1

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Gdspnrsâc iqucsi gn pA nftrn >,= n 4,= G@IN (Gd`ntdli`dfcntifcl)

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Nvdtir tncrns ibd`i gn ;=% gn élbccds fi hcr`uliêâc n fis n`ulsþns Brn`ns cu brn`n jäds ipldbéfâc d÷fdbis bc` kidxis vnds í vndbuliêâc gn ldpcssc`is bcfbnftriêþns gn tnfscitdvcs.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds N` sikcfntns làqudgcs n Rikcfntns làqudgcs Nfxchrn ﬋udgc (nfxchrn n` xi`pus cbcrrnré rngu- N`ulsþns cdl hrnn pcldsscrkitc 1=). êâc gn vdsbcsdgign. Qi`pus ... [nbc`nfgi-sn fâc iqunbnr ibd`i gn >= ½B.

]CLDRRC[KIWN 1= (IFG) R^L]A^[

pA n` >,>

ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) WANC]ATLLDFN (IFG) JLTBDFN (IFG) BCLN  IB^@DFIWI  IB^@DFI WI RNNG NQ NQW[IBW W[IBW (IFG) BIHHNDFN  BIHHNDFN 

Bc`pcstc gn tnc﬉ldfi, gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n 1,= jldbdfi, nxtritc gn sn`nf- Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. tn gn bcli n bihnàfi.

N`ulsþns Lcêþns brn`csis

KDCWDF (IFG) ][C]TLNFNJLTBCL (IFG) ATG[CLTUNG ATG[CL TUNG BCLLIJNF (IFG) ]T[DGCQDFN (IFG) FDIBDFI@DGN (IFG) ]IFWANFCL (IFG)  ILIFWCDF 

Bc`pcstc hcr`igc pcr i`dfcébdgcs n pnptàgncs sulhurigcs bc` itdvdgign gi snkcrrndi Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,; rnjuligcri + bc`plnxc vdti`àfdbc vdti `àfdbc K, ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. bc` itdvdgign dfdkdgcri gi ldpcjåfnsn fi jlëfguli snkébni.

Qi`pus Lcêþns bipdlirns Lcêþns t÷fdbis Jäds Brn`ns   [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir i tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i >= ½B.

>;

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

KDCZADWNÅ

RIQDH[IJI RI[@NFWCRI NQW[IBW (IFG) XDWDR XDFDHN[I (J[I]N) H[^DW NQW[IBW (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) @C[^R KC@KTBDR [CCW NQW[IBW (IFG) RB^WNLLI[DI KIDBILNFRDR [CCW NQW[IBW (IFG) GDRCGD^@ NGWI

KLIBO B^[[IFW H[^DWI]CF JW®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

pA nftrn 8,: n :,2

BC@]CRDÊÂC Nxtritc gn Rixdshriji  sir`nftcsi, Xdtds vdfdhnri, @crus kc`kybds rcct, Rbutnllirdi kidbilnfsds rcct.

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn bissds Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 4,= n jrnnf tni. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Lcêþns n brn`ns cdl hrnn Jäds Lcêþns iqucsis N`ulsþns fâc d÷fdbis [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir ic ﬉fil gi prnpiriêâc, i hrdc n bc` ijdtiêâc `cgnrigi. Lcêþns Brn`ns Jäds Rikcfntns làqudgcs Hcr`uliêþns piri adgrcldpcgdstrc﬉i jdfcdgn. ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5 Ldpcssc`is ]@L® Rcg, Gnr`cfnbtdf®, Nhignr`i®, Àrds Dssc®, Odfntdf L®, Futrdpnp-

tdgns® , Rnfsdldfn® , ]nrhnbtdcf Rpanrns® , Anldcxdfn® , I`ifgu ldfn® , Ivnfclit  Ivnfclit ® , Libtdl ® , Fildgc®

KC[C KDCR® 

Yunlitc gn kcrc n sc-

Kisns bcftnfgc ébdgcs

®

 fn . N Xnjnquit  .

Brn`ns

Y^NLIWC

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA nftrn :,= n 4,= luêâc.

n élbilds.

K[CFUN IWDXN

]ACR]ACLD]DGR (IFG) WT[CRDFN (IFG) RIBBAI[C@TBNR UDFB HN[@NFW NQW[IBW (IFG) ZIWN[

Bc`plnxc gn tdrcsdfi n pA nftrn 2,> n :,= pnptàgncs vnjntids.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Lcêþns Qi`pus Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds-brn`n ]rnpiriêþns sclirns

 

>2

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

BIBI^ AJ

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

WANCK[C@I BIBIC (BCBCI) NQW[IBW 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> Nxtritc ldbc gn bibiu. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Brn`ns Lcêþns Krcfznigcrns ]rnpiriêþns pòs-scl Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Gnscgcriftns Lcêþns pòs-kirki Rikcfntns ]rnpiriêþns piri kifac

BIHÄ AJ

BIHNDRDLIFN B®

BCHHNI I[IKDBI (BCHHNN) RNNG NQW[IBW 

RDLCQIFDW[DCL ILJDFIWN (IFG) BIHHNDFN (IFG) K^WTLNFNJLTBCL

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc ldbc gn bihä. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]rnpiriêþns piri adgrcldpcgdstrc﬉i jdfcdgn ]rnpiriêþns piri hctcprctnêâc Krcfznigcrns Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns

Bihnàfi iljdfitc sdlcxifntrdcl. Gnrdvigc gn sdldbcfn crjëfdbc bc` fu`nrcsis Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,> n 8,> hufêþns adgrcxdlis, bc` ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. rigdbil bihnàfi n ébdgc `ifur÷`dbc. Hcr`i nstévnl gi bihnàfi.

N`ulsþns Brn`ns Jäds Rärufs

>7

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

BIHNDRODF®

BIE^ AJ

BILÅFG^LI AJ

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BIHHNDFN IFG ][C]TLNFN JLTBCL IFG ZIWN[

nstikdldzigi gn pA nftrn >,= n 8,= Rcluêâc bihnàfi i 7%.

 IFIBI[GD^@ CBBDG GNFWILN NFWILN (B (BIRANZ) IRANZ) NQW[IBW 

BILNFG^LI CHHDBDFILDR HLCZN[ NQW[IBW 

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Kisns qun bcftnfai` ébdgcs hcrtns h crtns..

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) N`ulsþns brn`csis gc tdpc C/I cu I/C Lcêþns brn`csis Rdstn`is cdl hrnn Jäds. [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi n n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 1= ½B.

pA nftrn 2,> n >,> Nxtritc vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldbc gn bieu. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Brn`ns Lcêþns

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc ldbc gn bilåfguli. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]rnpiriêþns piri c budgigc gi pnln ]rnpiriêþns rnstiurigcris ]rnpiriêþns piri c biknlc ]rnpiriêþns piri c budgigc

BILÅFG^LI CL

BILNFG^LI CHHDBDFILDR HLCZN[ NQW[IBW 

9-2 KNWIJL^BIF IFG ]CWIRRD^@ JLTBT[[ADUDFIWN IFG

vnjntil clncsc gn pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc bilåfguli.

Bc`pcstc gn kntijlubi`,

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

gi pnln ]rnpiriêþns rnstiurigcris ]rnpiriêþns piri c biknlc Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds

BIL@ILDFN®

gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,> n :,= jldbdrrdzdfitc gn pctéssdc n Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. G-piftnfcl.

]IFWANFCLIFG RC[KDWCL IFG ZIWN[ IFG ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL IFG @NWATLDRCWADIUCLDFCFN 

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Jäds-brn`n ]rnpiriêþns pòs-kirki Hctcprctntcrns

 

>>

 

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

BI@C@DLI AJ

BAI@C@DLLI [NB^WDWI (@IW[DBI[DI) HLCZN[ NQW[IBW 

BI@C@DLI CL

BI@^-BI@^ AJ

BI]DLLDRDL AB®

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n 8,> Nxtritc ldbc gn bi`c`dli. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

BAI@C@DLLI [NB^WDWI (@IW[DBI[DI) HLCZN[ NQW[IBW 

vnjntil clncsc gn pA nftrn >,= n 8,> Nxtritc bi`c`dli.

@T[BDI[DI G^KDI H[^DW NQW[IBW 

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn ;,> n 7,> Nxtritc ldbc gn bi`u-bi`u. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

RDLIFNGDCL RILDBTLIWN (IFG) K^WTLNFNJLTBCL (IFG) W[DNWAIFCLI@DFN 

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Rdlifcl ilti`nftn bcfbnftrigc, prä-jnlitdfdzigc n` scluêâc jldbòldbi n qud`dbi`nftn purc. Cktdgc ilti bcfbnftriêâc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> n` pcr `ndc gn adgròldsn gc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. gd`ntdlsildbdlitc,, hcr`ifgc gd`ntdlsildbdlitc u` sdlifcl kdclcjdbi`nftn itdvc, rdbc n` hufêþns

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) ]rnpiriêþns piri pnlns snfsàvnds Lcêþns gn ld`pnzi W÷fdbcs ]rnpiriêþns blirnigcris [dfsns Qi`pus ]rnpiriêþns sclirns Gnscgcriftns Rikcfntns ]rnpiriêþns piri pnlns snfsàvnds Lcêþns gn ld`pnzi W÷fdbcs ]rnpiriêþns blirnigcris [dfsns Qi`pus ]rnpiriêþns sclirns Gnscgcriftns Rikcfntns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Lcêþns  I`pclis @ésbiris n Jäds

adgrcxdlis. >8

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

BI]RDB^@ AJ

BI[NRCHW

®

BIRWIFAI-GIÀFGDI AJ BIRWIFAI-GIÀFGDI CL BIXILDFAI AJ

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

BI]RDB^@ IFF^^@ H[^DW NQW[IBW 

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n 8,> Nxtritc ldbc gn bipsdbu`. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Nstd`uliftns bipdlirns Brn`ns Lcêþns ]rnpiriêþns piri `issijnfs utdldzigis n` adgrcldpcgdstr adgrcldpcgdstrc﬉i c﬉i jdfcdgn

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Hriêâc purd﬉bigi gi ridz gn crbadcdgns pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= rdbiBurjuldjc n` iêubirns tctids n burbuldjcsàgncs

]rnpiriêþns piri pnlns n bcurc biknlugc snfsàvnds, piri adjdnfn àftd`i n piri kirknir

 INRB^L^R AD]]CBIRWIF AD]]CBIRWIF^@ ^@ (AC[RN BANRWF^W) RNNG NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> Nxtritc vnjntil adgrcjldbòld- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi bc gn bistifai-gi-àfgdi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

 INRB^L^R AD]]CBIRWIF AD]]CBIRWIF^@ ^@ (AC[RN BANRWF^W) RNNG NQW[IBW 

vnjntil clncsc gn pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> Nxtritc bistifai-gi-àfgdi.

NY^DRNW^@ I[XNFRN NQW[IBW 

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc ldbc gn bivildfai. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

BIXDI[ AR

][C]TLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) BIXDI[ NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc iqucsc gis cvis Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n :,> gn nspäbdns gn  Ibdpnfsnr. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

BNJIKI LDY^DG (9=% GN RIL @CFCRRÒGDBC)

ZIWN[ (IFG) BI[KCQTNWATL  I@DFCK^WT[DB IBDG (IFG) ][C]TLN ][C]TLNFN FN JLTBCL

Bc`pitàvnl bc` c pA usuil gis hcr`uliêþns

 Ébdgc birkcxdntdli`dfckutàrdbc. Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi  I`dfcébdgc bc` itdvdgign ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. gn pcldi`dfis fiturids.

]rcgutcs piri triti`nftc bipdlir, iftdssnkcrrndi, iftdbcurpnrcsn, iftdbnluldtn n fc triti`nftc gn virdzns Brn`ns Lcêþns ]rnpiriêþns piri i adgrcldpcgdstrc﬉i jdfcdgn ]rnpiriêþns piri budgigc gc rcstc n piri i adgrcldpcgdstr adgrcldpcgdstrc﬉i c﬉i jdfcdgn Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n Rärufs [nbc`nfgi-sn fâc iqunbnr n` tn`pnrituri ibd`i gn 7= ½B. Qi`pus W÷fdbcs bipdlirns

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

>:

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

BNL^LDFCL

RILDBTLI@DGN, ]NJ 7==

BNFWNLLI IRDÉWDBI AJ

BNFWNLLI IRDIWDBI NQW[IBW 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

 Isscbdiêâc gn u` ästnr Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,> n 8,> gc ébdgc sildbàldbc (sildbdli- ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. `dgi) n` pcldcxdntdlnfc. vnjntil adgrcjldbòld- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n 8,> Nxtritc bc gn bnftnlli isdétdbi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds ]rnpiriêþns piri i adgrcldpcgdstrc﬉i jdfcdgn Brn`ns Jäds

Bnri`dgn 2. Hdtcns﬉fjcsdfi ldjigi i u` ébdgc jrixc. Bnri`dgi DDD5 bigndi gn

BN[I@DGI DDD BN[I@DGI DDDI® BN[I@DGI DDDK

® 

ADG[CRRCLÕXNL5 BN[I@DGN DDD (IFG) ADG[CRRCLÕXNL5 ]CLDRRC[KIWN ;= LD]CRRCLÕXNL5 LD]CRRCLÕX NL5 BN[I@DGN 2 (IFG) GDDRC][C]TL GD@N[ GDLDFCLNIWC (IFG) CL^R CDL

﬉tcns﬉fjcsdfi bc` u` ébdgc ibntdligi jrixc siturigc (ébdgc nstnérdbc). DDDI®5 pcssud Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 1,= Bnri`dgi c ébdgc ldfclndbc n` sui ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. bigndi litnril bc` guis ldjiêþns dfsiturigis n` sui `cläbuli. Bnri`dgi DDDK®5 bigndi gn ﬉tcns﬉fjcsdfi ibntdligi bc` ébdgc clndbc.

>1

N`ulsþns òlnc n` éjui Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Bcfgdbdcfigcrns lnivn-df Hcr`uliêþns piri hctcprctnêâc Brn`n ]iri`ul E® Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` ]lurdjnl®

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

BNLLWCBNLL

®

BNXIGI AJ

BAÉ K[IFBC AJ

BAÉ K[IFBC CL BAÉ ][NWC AJ

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Gnsnfvclvdgc i pirtdr nxtritc gn kulkcs gn pA nftrn 7,= n :,= gc Brcbus barysiftaus (iêihrâc)

AC[GN^@ X^LJI[N NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= ldbc gn bnvigi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

BI@NLLDI RDFNFRDR LNIH NQW[IBW 

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> Nxtritc ldbc gn baé krifbc. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds, jnl-brn`n n jäds gn kifac Lndtns bcrpcrids @iqudijn`, prnpiriêþns piri budgigcs hibdids n prctntcrns sclir piri rcstc. ]cgn aivnr rnguêâc gi vdsbcsdgign gi kisn gn birétnr adgrcssclõvnl, pcrtiftc, vnrd﬉bir i quiftdgign gn éjui utdldzigi fi sclukdldziêâc. sclukdldziêâc. ]rnpiriêþns piri c budgigc gi pnln ]rnpiriêþns sclirns ]rnpiriêþns bipdlirns ]rnpiriêþns piri i adgrcldpcgdstrc﬉i jdfcdgn Brn`ns Lcêþns

BI@NLLDI RDFNFRDR LNIH NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> Nxtritc vnjntil clncsc gn baé krifbc.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns

BI@NLLDI RDFNFRDR LNIH NQW[IBW 

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> Nxtritc ldbc gn baé prntc. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Qi`pus W÷fdbcs

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

>4

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

BAÉ XN[GN AJ

BI@NLLDI RDFNFRDR LNIH NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldbc gn baé vnrgn. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

BAÉ XN[GN CL

BI@NLLDI RDFNFRDR LNIH NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc vnjntil clncsc gn pA nftrn >,= n :,= baé vnrgn.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

pA nftrn 2,= n 99,=

Fâc ldtnrituri gnsbrdti(s) bcfsultigi. fi

®

BAN@T][CWNDF ZANIW  

ATG[CLTUNG ZANIW JL^WNF 

Adgrcldsigc gn trdjc. gn prctnàfi

BADWCJLTBIF

F-BI[KCQD@NWDL Y^DWCRIF 

]clà`nrc gn jldbcsi`dpA nftrn 7,= n :,= fcjldbifc gnrdvigc gi qudtdfi.

BA[CFCLDFNÅ

GNQW[IF (IFG) BI][CCTL WNW[I]N]WDG N-2 (IFG) JLTBN[DF  (IFG) ZIWN[

Bc`pcstc gn tntripnptàgnc kdc`d`ätdbc gn ilti pA nftrn 7,> n 1,> tnbfclcjdi, gnrdvigc gn u` hitcr gn brnsbd`nftc fituril.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]rnpirigc ldpcssc`igc, ilti`nftn bcfbnftrigc, pA nftrn >,= n :,= gnrdvigc gn bdtrc﬋ivcfòdgns nxtriàgcs gn hrutis bàtrdbis

Rurhibtiftns n` jnril gnvn` snr nvdtigcs, `is kidxcs fàvnds (itä 9%) gcs fâc d÷fdbcs n gn iltc AKL sâc kn` tclnrigcs

®

BDW[CL^@DFN 1®

JLTBN[DF (IFG) ZIWN[ LNBDWADF (IFG) BDW[^R ]I[IGDRD (J[I]NH[^DW) H[^DW NQW[IBW (IFG) BDW[^R I^[IFWD^@ I@I[I (KDWWN[ C[IFJN) H[^DW NQW[IBW (IFG) RCGD^@ IRBC[KIWN (IFG) WCBC]AN[CL (IFG) ANLDIFWA^R IFF^^R RNNG CDL

Kisns ifd÷fdbis.

8=

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Rikcfntns W÷fdbcs bipdlirns Lcêþns bcrpcrids n hibdids ]rnpiriêþns piri i adgrcldpcgdstrc﬉i jdfcdgn Brn`ns Lcêþns Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Rikcfntns làqudgcs Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds. ]cgnré snr utdldzigi n` tcgis is prnpiriêþns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis,, nxbntc n` gnr`cbcs`ätdbis sdstn`is ifd÷fdbcs ifd÷fdbcs.. Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n Rärufs [nbc`nfgi-sn fâc iqunbnr n` tn`pnrituri ibd`i gn 7= ½B n fâc ijdtir hcrtn`nftn hcrtn`nftn.. RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

BLN[DLTR Z

ZIWN[ (IFG) ADKDRB^R RIKGI[DHI HLCZN[ NQW[IBW (IFG) @C[^R ILKI KI[O NQW[IBW (IFG) B^B^@DR RIWDX^R (B^B^@KN[) RNNG NQW[IBW (IFG) RCGD^@ KNFUCIWN KNFUCIWN (IFG) ]CWIRRD^@ RC[KIWN 

BLD@KIUCL

9-(7-BLC[CHNFCQD)-9-(9A-D@DGIUCLDL)-2,2GD@NWDL-;-K^WIFCQDNWCQD-NWIFCL

BLDFGI@DBDFI

BLCKNWIRCL ][C]DCFIWC

BLC[NWC GN IL^@ÀFDC

BLC[NWC GN KNFUILB×FDC

 ;R,7[)-F-((9[)-;-BALC[C ;R,7[)-F-((9[)-;-BALC[C9-(2[,7[,>R,8[)-2,7,>-W[DATG[CQT8-(@NWATLWADC)-WNW[IATG[C-;A-]T[IF-;TL)][C]TL)9-@NWATL-7-][C]TL]T[[CLDGDFN-;BI[KCQI@DGN 

9:-(;—-BLC[CIBNWDL)- 4-HL^C[C9:-(;—-BLC[CIBNWDL)99-ADG[CQD-9=,92,98-W[D@NWDL2-CQC-8,:,1,99,9;,97,9>,98CBWIADG[CBDBLC]NFWI_IP HNFIFW[NFC-9:-DLP ][C]IFCIWC

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Cktdgc i pirtdr gn pnpdfc (Bubu`knr ‒ Bubu`ds sipA nftrn ;,> n 7,> tdvus ), gi i`crndri-krifbi Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi (Zadtn @ulknrry ‒ ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. @crus ilki) n gc adkdsbc (Adkdsbus sikgirdhi)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

í blissn gcs pA nftrn >,> n :,= ]nrtnfbn d`dgizòldbcs.

Hcr`uliêþns bipdlirns

Kisns buec pA snei késdbc.

Blcrdgritc5 pA 7,= (nstikdldgign òtd`i), pA nftrn 9,= n 8,> (nstikdldgign rizcévnl). Hcshitc5 pA nftrn 2,> n 8,> (nstikdldgign òtd`i).

Blcrdgritc gn bldfgi`dbdfi (Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B91ABlF;C>R.ABl.A;C)? 22 Kisns buec pA snei Hcshitc gn bldfgi`dbdfi késdbc. (Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B91A27BlF;C1]R).

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

pA ébdgc cu fnutrc

Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B;>A- Kisns buec pA snei BlHC> (]@5 788,4) késdbc. 2;

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

 IL^@DFD^@(DDD) BALC[DGN  BALC[DGN 

pA ébdgc cu fnutrc

BLC[NWC GN ILY^DL GD@NWDL KNFUDL  I@×FDC

pA nftrn 7,= n 9=,=

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ  

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

Wrdblcrntc gn ilu`àfdc. Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 IlBl2  (]@5 922,27) (usigc fi hcr`i anxidgritigi). @dsturi gn blcrntcs gn ilqudknfzdl gd`ntdli`÷fdc n` qun [ rnprnsnfti u`i `dsturi gn B1A9: i B91A2:.  

Brn`n cu lcêâc ifd÷fdbi.

N`ulsâc fâc d÷fdbi í kisn gn ]cliwix®.

Brn`n cu lcêâc ifd÷fdbi.

N`ulsâc fâc d÷fdbi í kisn gn ]cliwix®.

89

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

BLC[NQDGDFI GDJL^BCFIWC

BALC[ANQDGDFN 

BLC[DG[ÒQDGC GN IL^@ÀFDC

 IL^@DFD^@ BALC[CATG[IW BALC[CATG[IWN  N 

B@-JL^BIF®

BCILWI[ BCILWI[ RI]CFDHDBIGC ‒ LBG (LDY^C[ BI[KCFDR GNWN[JNFR) BCIQNL ®

RCGD^@ BI[KCQT@NWATL KNWI-JL^BIF 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

9, 9-kds anxi`ntdlnfc (>-p-Blcrchnfdlkdjuifdgi) pA nftrn >,= n :,= gd-G-Jlubcfitc. Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B;;ABl F .;B8A9;C: (]@5 2= ; 9= 14:,11) Ril gn blcrntc gn ilu`àfdc pA fnutrc cu ébdgc késdbc. Hòr`uli `clnbulir5  Il;(CA)>Bl Rcluêâc iqucsi bcftnfgc ;% gn kntijlubif sògdbc pA nftrn ;,= n birkcxd`ntdligc,, u` kntibirkcxd`ntdligc 9=,= jlubif sclõvnl cktdgc gn lnvnguris (Ribbairc`ybns bnrnvdsdin ).

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA fnutrc cu ilbildfc

ZIWN[ (IFG) JLTBN[DF (IFG) BI[FDWDFN (IFG) BIHHNDFN (IFG) BCNFUT@N I

Bcnfzd`i I, pA nftrn 7,= n :,= L-birfdtdfi n bihnàfi.

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Jnl cu lcêâc ifd÷fdbi.

Kisns fâc d÷fdbis bc`c jnl cu n`ulsâc.

Brn`n cu lcêâc ifd÷fdbi.

Kisns fâc d÷fdbis í kisn gn ]cliwix®.

Jäds ]cgn turvir n` prnsnf- Brn`ns êi gn birjis pcsdtdvis n Lcêþns pclà`nrcs.

 Ilbitrâc gi aulai, ilbitrâc Kisns qun bcftnfai` `dfnril. élbccds gn lifcldfi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

8;

[nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 1= µB. ]c`igis Brn`ns Lcêþns N` xi`pus gnvnré snr utdldzigi i `itärdi-prd`i LBG. [nbc`nfgi-sn lnvdjir n` pcldsscrkitc 4= iftns gn sui dfbcrpcriêâc. N`ulsþns Lcêþns Brn`ns

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

BCHHNI IBWDXN

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BCHHNI I[ÉKDBI J[NNF RNNG NQW[IBW

BC@]CRDÊÂC

pA nftrn nftrn 7,= n :,> Nxtri Nxtritc tc iq iqucsc ucsc gn bbihä ihä..

BCHHNNRODF®

BCLÉJNFC 9%

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi

N`ulsþns Jäds Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds-brn`n [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB.

ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

(IFG) IY^I (IFG) ]ANFCQT NWIFCL (IFG) ]I[IKNFR

BCHHNI I[IKDBI (BCHHNN) RNNG NQW[IBW (IFG) R^BBDFDL [^WDF ( IFG) RDLCQIFNW[DCL  ILJDFIWN  ILJDFI WN (IFG) BIHHNDFN (IFG) K^WTLNFNR JLTBCL (IFG) GNRBI[KCQT BI[FCRDFN ABL

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Nxtritc gn sn`nftn Bcirikdbi isscbdigc í pA nftrn 7,> n 8,= hhni bihnàfi n i cutrcs bc`pcfnftns.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsulti.

Hludgc vdsbcsc bcftnfgc Kisns qun fâc bcfpA nftrn 2,8 n 7,= 9% gn bcléjnfc fi hcr`i tnfai` nstniritcs n fitdvi. trdntifcli`dfi.

RCL^KLN BCLLIJNF 

Hludgc vdsbcsc bcftnfgc

Kisns qun fâc bcf-

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rcluêþns @ésbiris Rcrcs Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs [nbc`nfgi-sn ir`iznfir n` tn`pnrituri fâc supnrdcr i 2> µB. Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds

RCL^KLN BCLLIJNF 

BCLÉJNFC 2%

BCLIQTL® DRC

pA nftrn 2,8 n 7,= fitdvi. 2% gn bcléjnfc fi hcr`i trdntifcli`dfi. tnfai` nstniritcs n

ZI ZIWN[ WN[ (IFG) ANQI]N]WDGNCR-4 ANQI]N]WDGNCR-4 (IFG) K^WDLNFNJLTBCL

Anxipnptàgnc gn bclépA nftrn 7,> n :,> jnfc.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Kisns qun bcftnfai` hcr`ilgnàgc n piriknfcs.

Rärufs [nbc`nfgi-sn ir`iznfir n` tn`pnrituri fâc supnrdcr i 2> µB. ]rnpiriêþns gdvnrsis [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir ipòs n`ulsd﬉biêâc n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7=½B.

 

82

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

BC@@D]AN[CLDFN

BI][TLDB/BI][DB W[DJLTBN[DGN (IFG)

Brn`n5 pA nftrn >,> n 8,=

Clncrrnsdfi (Jujjuldpdg) nxtriàgi gn Bc``dpacri

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi

N`uldifbn Brn`ns

BC@@D]AC[I @^O^L [NRDF NQW[IBW 

BC@]LNQ IG

Räru`5 pA :,;

ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

 `uoul.

Rärufs

ANGN[I ANLDQ (DXT) NQW[IBW (IFG) KDLN NQW[IBW (IFG) ]NJ-7== (IFG) WI[WI[DB  IBDG

Bc`plnx IG ä u`i isscbdiêâc kilifbnigi gn pA nftrn >,= n 1,= nxtritc gn kdln, nxtritc gn Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi Angnri anldx , u` ästnr gc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. ébdgc tirtérdbc n pcldcxdntdlnfcjldbcl.

]rcgutcs piri triti`nftc gis igdpcsdgigns lcbildzigis Writi`nftc Writi`nftc gi adgrcldpcgdstrc adgrcldpcgdstrc﬉i ﬉i jdfcdgn

RILDBTLI@DGN (IFG) ]NJ-1

 Isscbdiêâc gn u` ästnr gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,= gc ébdgc sildbàldbc (sildbdli- Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. `dgi) n` pcldcxdntdlnfc.

Brn`ns Jäds Lcêþns

@DFN[IL CDL (IFG) JLTBDFN RCEI (RCTKNIF) CDL (IFG) KAW (IFG) LNBDWADF 

 Isscbdiêâc gnnssnfbdids ldpàgncs, ldpàgncs, ébdgcs jrixcs n vdti`dfis (I n H) buei iprnsnfti Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,= bc`pcsdêâc ti`kä` òlnc `dfnril, òlnc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. gn scei, KAW, lnbdtdfi n` pò, squitcl R n jlybnrdyl  ldfclnitn.

BC@]LNQ BL

BC@]LNQ C]

87

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

BC@]LNQC IFWDIBFN

BC@]LNQC ADG[IWIFWN

BC@]LNQC CQDJNFIFWN

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Bc`plnxc bc`pcstc gn5 sdlifcgdcl sildbdlitc, òlnc nssnfbdil gn livifgi, nxtritc vnjntil adgrcjldbòpA nftrn 7,> n 8,> ldbc gn pnpdfc, ﬉tcnstnròds Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi gn lõpulc, ilcbdf, bcléjnfc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. i 7%, Nxsyprctädfs i ;%, Bcbcyl sirbcsdfn  (bcbcyl`ntayljlybdfn) n bcfsnrviftns.

Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs

Bc`plnxc adgritiftn fignsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> turil í kisn gn `nl, hrutis, Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. ﬋crns, ilcn n bibtc.

@ésbiris hibdids N`ulsþns adgritiftns Rikcfntns làqudgcs Qi`pus

Bc`pcstc gn nxtritc gn uvi ‒ Xdtds vdfdhnri n ]rcfi lnf Hdkrc-Ibtdh  Hdkrc-Ibtdh , qun bcftä` Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> nxtritcs pigrcfdzigcs gn ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. sn`nftns gn scei n gn trdjc

@ésbiris hibdids Brn`ns Lcêþns Rärufs W÷fdbcs bipdlirns

][C]TLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ZIWN[ (IY^I) (IFG) ]CLTRC[KIWN 1= (IFG) BILNFG^LI CHHDBDFILDR HLCZN[ NQW[IBW (IFG) ILCN KI[KIGNFRDR LNIH E^DBN (IFG) ACFNT NQW[IBW (@NL) (IFG) C]^FWDI W^FI NQW[IBW (C]^FWDI BCBBDFNLLDHN[I)? BCBBDFNLLDH N[I)? ]T[^R BC@@^FDR (]NI[) H[^DW  NQW[IBW? ]IRRDHLC[I Y^IG[IFJ^LI[DR H[^DW NQW[IBW  ][C]TLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ZIWN[ (IY^I) (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) XDWDR XDFDHN[I (J[I]N) LNIH  NQW[IBW (IFG) JLTBDFN RCEI (RCTKNIF) JN[@ NQW[IBW (IFG) W[DWDB^@ X^LJI[N (ZANIW) JN[@ NQW[IBW 

BC@]CRDÊÂC

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Brn`ns

 

8>

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I BC@]LNQC ]I[I ]NLN RNFRÀXNL

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI ][C]TLNFN JLTBC (IFG)? ZIWN[ (IY^I) (IFG) BAI@C@DLLI [NB^WDWI (@IW[DBI[DI) HLCZN[ NQW[IBW (IFG) JLTBT[[ADUI JLIK[I (LDBC[DBN) [CCW NQW[IBW  ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) @C[^R ILKI [CCW NQW[IBW (IFG)

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Bc`pcstc gn nxtritcs gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> snlnbdcfigcs gn ldbcrdbn n Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. bi`c`dli

Bc`pcstc gn @crus ilki,

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) @ésbiris hibdids Brn`ns Lcêþns Brn`ns Lcêþns

BCFBNFW[IWNG ][CGATZADWN ®

JLTBT[[DUI JLIK[I (LDBC[DBN) NQW[IBW (IFG) RB^WNLLI[DI KI^BILNFRDR [CCW NQW[IBW (IFG) I[BWCRWI]A^L^R ^XI^[RD LNIH NQW[IBW (IFG) OCEDB IBDG

pA nftrn 2,= n >,=

Jlybyrradzi jlikri, ^vi-ur sd , Rbutnllirdi kidbilnfsds n

ébdgc oòedbc.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Jäds ]rnpiriêþns piri i adgrcldpcgdstrc﬉i jdfcdgn Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds ]rnpiriêþns piri i adgrcldpcgds-

BCCLDFJ BC@]LNQ NQW[I]CF®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Bc`plnxc gn nxtritcs pA nftrn 7,= n 4,= jldbòldbcs gn rcs`irdfac, `nldssi n `nfti.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

88

trc﬉i jdfcdgn W÷fdbcs bipdlirns Gnscgcriftns ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5

Badtcjlybif® , Hc`kldf AB/;>® , Futrdpnptdgns® , Ngnsil ® , Dcgctrit ® , Ldpcrngubtyl ® , [n`cguld fn® , Anxitritn® , ]aytcspadfjc sdfn® , ]aytcspadfjcsdfn ]aytcspadfjcsdfn RLB® , ^fgnlnfn ® , Bld`kizcl ® , Wdcldsdfi Bc`plnx 2=® , ^fgi`dgn® n  Udfbdgcfn®.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

BC]]N[ ]N]WÀGNC

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

BC]]N[ W[D]N]WDGN-9

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Fifcbépsulis bcftnfgc pA nftrn >,= n :,= bckrn.

Hcr`uliêþns gdvnrsis5 iftdnfvnlanbd`nftc,, bdbitrdziftns n vnlanbd`nftc Kisns qun fâc iprnsnf- ilcpnbdi. ti` tnfscitdvcs n tncr Lcêâc t÷fdbi bipdlir `idcr gc qun 2=% n` Jnl gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXB élbccl. Jnl-brn`n gn Irdstc﬋nx ® IXL

B9;-92 ILOTL LIBWIWN 

Ästnr cktdgc pnli bc`kdfiêâc gc ébdgc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n 1,= létdbc n gc élbccl Dsilban` Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. 9;2 ( klnfg   gn ds÷`nrcs  klnfg  gn gn élbccl jrixc prd`érdc).

GD-B9;-92 ILOTL @ILIWN 

Ästnr cktdgc pnli bc`kdfiêâc gc ébdgc n gc élbccl pA nftrn 2,= n 1,= `éldbc Dsilban` 9;2 ( klnfg   klnfg  gn  gn ds÷`nrcs gn élbccl jrixc prd`érdc).

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

BCR@IBCL® NRD

W[DGNBTL RILTBDLIWN 

Ästnr cktdgc pnli bc`kdfiêâc gc ébdgc n gc élbccl pA nftrn 2,= n 1,= sildbàldbc Dsilban` 9;2 ( klnfg   klnfg  gn  gn ds÷`nrcs gn élbccl jrixc prd`érdc).

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

BCR@CBID[ B;>=®

9-@NWATLATGIFWCDFN-;-D@DGN 

pA nftrn 7,= n >,> Gnrdvigc i`dfcébd- ldtnrituri Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi gc fiturilgngcu` crjifds`c. bcfsultigi

BCR@IBCL® NLD

BCR@IBCL® N@D

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Jnl-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® RIH Jnl gn I`djnl. Brn`n fâc d÷fdbc Lcêâc fâc d÷fdbi Òlncs piri kifac Qi`pus Gnscgcriftns Jnl gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXB Jnl-brn`n gn Irdstc﬋nx ® IXL Jnl-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® RIH Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Qi`pus Brn`ns C/I Jnl gn I`djnl® Jnl gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXB Jnl-brn`n gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXL Jnl-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® RIH Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Qi`pus Brn`ns C/I Jnl gn I`djnl® N`ulsþns Jäds ifd÷fdbcs n fâc dòfdbcs

 

8:

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

B[CGI[C@ ]N]]N[@DFW

][C]TLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) @NFWAI ]D]N[DWI (]N]]N[@DFW) LNIH NQW[IBW 

í kisn gn nxtritc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n :,= ]rcgutc gn acrtnlâ. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

^tdldzigc fi adjdnfn kubil, prnpiriêþns rnhrnsbiftns n prcgutcs piri biknlcs.

B[CGI[C@ [CBO B[TRWIL FI ;948;

ZIWN[ (IFG) ][C]TLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) Y^I[WU 

Nxtritcs gn brdstids gn pA nftrn :,> n 4,> rcbai n` `ndc gn prcpdlnfcjldbcl n éjui.

Hcr`uliêþns gdvnrsis piri biknlcs, pnln n `iqudijn`

B[CGIRCFNÅ Z

ZIWN[ (IFG) ATG[CLTUNG ZANIW ][CWNDF ]J ][C]TL RDLIFNW[DCL

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Bcpclà`nrc gn sdldbcfn gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n >,= `ultdhufbdcfil kisnigc fi Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. prctnàfi gn trdjc.

Qi`pus n bcfgdbdcfigcrns gn biknlc bcftnfgc tnfscitdvcs ifd÷fdbcs n ifhòtnrcs Hcr`uliêþns piri prctnêâc tär`dbi, `cgnlijn` n triti`nftcs gn rnpiriêâc piri pcftis

guplis gn biknlc

B[CRDLOÅ LDY^DG

 IY^I (IFG) RDLO I@DFC IBDGR

gn i`dfcébdgcs Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n 7,> Bc`plnxc gnrdvigcs gi sngi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Hcr`uliêþns gdvnrsis piri usc bipdlir n bcrpcril

B^B^[KDWDFN

ZIWN[ (IFG) B^B^[KDWI ]N]C RNNG NQW[IBW (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL (IFG) @NWATL] @NWATL]I[IKNF I[IKNF (IFG) K^WTL]I[IKNF (IFG) ][C]TL]I[IKNF (IFG) NWATL]I[IKNF (IFG) DRCK^WTL]I[IKNF 

Buburkdtdfn ä u` nxtritc nxtriàgc gis pA nftrn >,= n :,= vnjntil sn`nftns gis hrutis gi Buburkdti pnpc L.

Jäds Brn`ns Lcêþns @ésbiris N`uldifbn

B^DX[DGCFN

BC]]N[ ]BI

L-pdgclitc gn bckrn cu bõprdbc gi hcr`i itdvi pA nftrn 7,= n 7,> sil (lnvòjdri) gc ébdgc birkc- Jnl ifd÷fdbc. xdpdrrcldg÷fdbc.

®

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

81

Jnl fâc d÷fdbc [nbc`nfgi-sn i igdêâc gn NGWI.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

B^]^IÊ^ CL

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Rikcfntns

WANCK[C@I J[IFGDHLC[^@ H[^DW NQW[IBW 

vnjntil clncsc gn pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= Nxtritc bupuiêu.

ZIWN[/WI[IOWCJNFCR FDJNLLI RIWDXI RNNG CDL/O^[UDD LN]WCR]N[@^@ RNNG CDL/  RBC]I[D^@ K[IFBA/LNIH CDL/]CWIRRD^@ LI^[CTL ZANIW I@DFC IBDGR/ ]IL@ JLTBN[DGNR/BI][TLCTL JLTBDFN/  @IJFCLDI J[IFGDHLC[I KI[O NQW[IBW 

Rdstn`i n`ulsd﬉bigc gn ldpcssclõvnds ldpcssclõvnds.. Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n 1,= itdvcs Bc`pcstc gn vérdis plif- ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. tis n gn i`dfcébdgcs.

®

B^WD]^[N®

Jnl gn Irdstc﬋nx  IXB ® IXL Jnl-brn`n gn Irdstc﬋nx Qi`pu Hdltrcs sclirns piri pnln clncsi Jnl gn I`djnl® ]rnpiriêþns piri i érni gcs clacs, `âcs, päs, bcrpc n piri kirknir ]rnpiriêþns Dfhiftds Lnfêcs ^`ngnbdgcs ]rnpiriêþns piri adjdnfn àftd`i ]rnpiriêþns sclirns Brn`ns Qi`pus n sdstn`is surhibtiftns Lcêþns Bcfgdbdcfigcrns

BZ->B

N]DLCKD^@ IFJ^RWDHCLD^@ HLCZN[ LNIH/  RWN@ NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc gn Npdlckdu` pA nftrn 7,= n >,>  ifjustdlcldu  ifjustdlcldu` `

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

BTWCKDCLÅ KI[GIFN

ZIWN[ (IFG) ][C]TLNFN JLTBCL (IFG)  I[BWD^@ @IE^R [CCW NQW[I NQW[IBW BW (IFG)  UDFB ]BI (IFG) KDCWDF  KDCWDF 

Bc`plnxc sdfärjdbc í pA nftrn 7,> n >,> kisn gn zdfbc, nxtritc gn Kurgcbo n kdctdfi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

BTWCKDCLÅ D[DR

ZIWN[ (IFG) ILBCACL (IFG) ][C]TLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) D[DR HLC[NFWDFI [CCW NQW[IBW (IFG) UDFB ]BI (IFG) [NWDFTL ]IL@DWIWN 

Bc`kdfiêâc sdfärjdbi gc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n :,= nxtritc gn Àrds jnr`ëfdbi, Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. vdti`dfi I n zdfbc.

W÷fdbcs Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n

BTWCKDCLÅ L^@DF-NTN

K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) FDIBDFI@DGI (IFG) H[IQDF^R NQBNLRDC[ KI[O NQW[IBW (IFG) RDLIFNW[DCL (IFG) ]CWIRRD^@ BDW[IWN 

pA nftrn 2,> n 8,>

Bc`pcstc gn5 nxtritc gn Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi Hrixdfus nxbnlsdcr, vdti`dfi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. K2 n sdlàbdc crjëfdbc. crjëfdbc.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

84

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I BTWCKDCLÅ ^L@ID[N

BTWCXNBWC[Å HN[^LDB

G.R.K. B

®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

ZIWN[ (IFG) ][C]TLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ILBCACL (IFG) UDFB ]BI (IFG) FDIBDFI@DGN (IFG) R]D[INI ^L@I[DI (@NIGCZRZNNW)) LNIH NQW[IBW  (@NIGCZRZNNW

Bc`pcstc gn5 nxtritc gn pA nftrn >,> n 8,> Rpdrini ^l`idrn, zdfbc n vdti`dfi ]].

ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) LNBDWADF (IFG) HN[^LDB IBDG (IFG) LI^[GD@CFD^@ ATG[CQT][C]TL ATG[CLTUNG RCT ][CWNDF (IFG) ATG[CQTNWATLBNLL^LCRN 

Fcvi tnbfclcjdi gn fifcnfbipsuliêâc gn itdvcs, i tdvcs, qun sâc nfbipsuligcs n pA nftrn >,> n 8,= rnvnstdgcs n` `cläbulis gn prctnàfi gn scei quitnrfdzigi n lnbdtdfi gn scei.

RDLIFNGDCL RILDBTLIWN 

Ä u` sdlifcl n cs sdlifòds sâc gnrdvigcs crjëfdbcs pA nftrn 7,> n 8,= gcs sdldbcfns qun iprnsnfti` `udtis hufêþns adgrcxdlis adgrcxdlis..

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Jäds Lcêþns Jäds-brn`n

Jnl-Brn`n Lcêâc hibdil n bcrpcril Gnspdj`nftiftn

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs [nbc`nfgi-sn fâc nxpcr i tn`pnrituris dfhnrdcrns i ; µB piri nvdtir i hcr`iêâc gn

pcldbcfgnfsiêâc drrnvnrsàvnl.

G.R.A. BF®

GD@NWATLRDLIFCL ATIL^[CFIWN 

Bc`pcstc gn gd`ntdlsdpA nftrn 7,> n 8,= lifngdcl n adilurcfitc gn sògdc.

Kisns qun bcftnfai` jrifgn quiftdgign gn ntifcl.

:=

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs [nbc`nfgi-sn fâc nxpcr i tn`pnrituris dfhnrdcrns i = µB. [nbc`nfgi-sn c iqunbd`nftc ikidxc gn 8= µB.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

GIT@CDRW BL[Å

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

ZIWN[ (IFG) ATG[CLTUNG BC[F RWI[BA (IFG) KNWI X^LJI[DR (KNNW) [CCW NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn 2,= n 9=,=

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Bc`plnxc vnjntil gn pc- Kisns qun fâc bcftnldssibiràgncs prcvnfdnftn prcvnfdnftnss ntifcl ibd`i gn gc `dlac n gc nxtritc gn fai` >=%. kntnrriki.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Qi`pus Lcêþns Jäds @ésbiris Bcfgdbdcfigcrns ]rnpiriêþns piri adgritiêâc bcrpcril gn usc gdérdc pòs-scl,

 iftdijdfj

Rikcfntn làqudgc hibdil n bcrpcril [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri ikidxc gn 7= ½B.

GNN]ILDFNÅ ]XK

]IL@DWCTL ATG[CLTUNG ZANIW ][CWNDF 

GNLDFN[Å

 UNI @ITR @ITR (BC[F) ON[FNL NQ NQW[IBW W[IBW (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) QIFWAIF J^@ 

GNFRDRODF®

ATG[CLTUNG ATG[CL TUNG @I[DFN BCLLIJNF (IFG) RDLIFNW[DCL (IFG) JL^WI@TLI@DGCNWATL RDLIFNW[DCL JL^WI@TLI@DGCNWATL D@DGIUCLN (IFG) H[^BWCRN CLDJCRRIBAI[DGNR CLDJCRRIB AI[DGNR (IFG) ]C[]AT[DGD^@ B[^NFW^@ NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn 2,1 n >,> Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnritu- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ri bcfsultigi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Bc`pcstc gn Uni @iys Onrfnl Nxtribt , kutdlnfcjldbcl n jc`i xiftifi. Bc`plnxc kdclòjdbc bc`pcstc gn pcldpnptàgncs gn bcléjnfc `irdfac ldjigc i `ntdlsdlifntrdcl, pA nftrn 2,> n :,= kdcpnptàgnc gnrdvigc gc ébdgc jlutë`dbc, cldjcspA nftrn >,= n :,=

Brn`ns Lcêþns Rärufs [nbc`nfgi-sn fâc iqunbnr i tn`pnrituris supnrdcrns i 8=½B pcr lcfjc pnràcgc.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs [nbc`nfgi-sn fâc suk`ntnr i tn`pnrituris dfhnrdcrns gn > µB.

sibiràgncs gn hrubtcsn pcldssibiràgncs gn ]ay-n tc-]lifbtcf (]crpayrdgdu`

[nbc`nfgi-sn ﬉fil gi prnpiriêâc dfbcrpcrir n n` tn`ic pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB.

brunftu`).

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

:9

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

GN[@CL L7>®

GDADG[CQDIBNWCFI (GAI®)

GDÒQDGC GN WDWËFDC [^WDLC @DB[CFDUIGC WW (FDOOCL®)

FC@N DFBD GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

GDATG[CQTIBNWCFN 

WDWIFD^@ GDCQDGN 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

pA nftrn 7,> i :,=

Ästnrns gn ilhiadgrcxdébdgc gn pcldjldbnrdli.

Kisn buec pA snei ilbildfc.

B2A8C2 4=,=1  Iêõbir sd`plns bc` trås Kisns buecs pAs snei` pA nftrn 7,= n >,= birkcfcs cktdgc, prdfbdpil- ilbildfcs. `nftn, gi hnr`nftiêâc gc jldbnrcl. Gdòxdgc gn Wdtëfdc `dbrcfdzigc. ^XI/^XK pA nftrn 8,= n 1,= ]rctnêâc (9=f` i ;=f`) Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 WdC; (]@5 :4,4=)

 Iftns gn sui utdld-

Gd`ntdli`dfcntifcl

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) W÷fdbcs hibdids. Jäds. Gnscgcriftns spriy . Rplisa bcl÷fdis n, ihtnrsaivns. Cutris hcr`uliêþns cfgn i trifspiråfbdi ä rnqunrdgi. Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n Yuifgc n` iltis bcf- Brn`n ]iri`ul E® bnftriêþns ä dfbc`pità- Fdooc`ulnsn 79® vnl bc` jnl ifd÷fdbc ifd÷fdbc.. Jnl gn Fitrcscl®, bc` prävdi gdspnrsâc n` jldbnrdfi cu prcpdlnfcjldbcl

Kisns qun iprnsnfti`

Lcêâc Qild﬉f 9>® Jäds fâc d÷fdbcs Brn`ns Jäds-brn`n Lcêþns

G@IN KIRN

GD@NWATL @NI

ziêâc, c pA gnvnré Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B7A snr fnutrildzigc piri 99FC iprcxd`igi`nf-tn (]@5 14,97) 8,> i :,=.

pA ikidxc gn 2,= n ibd`i gn :,=.

:;

Rärufs Brn`n Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` Fitrcscl® cu ]lurdjnl® [nbc`nfgi-sn i igdêâc gn `ntikdssul﬉tc gn sògdc, NGWI n/  cu kutdl-adgrcxdtclunfc.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

G@IN KDWI[WI[IWC

GD@NWATL @NI KDWI[WI[IWN 

G@IN HL^DG ]DGCLIWC

 ;-GD@NWATLI@DFCNWAIFCL-]DGC  ;-GD@NWATLI@DFC NWAIFCL-]DGCLIW LIWN  N 

G@IN JLDBCLIWC

G@IN LIBWI LIB WIWC WC

G@IN JLDBCLIWN 

G@IN LIBWIWN 

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Brn`n n lcêþns fâc d÷fdbis [nbc`nfgi-sn igdbdcfir iftdcHcr`uliêþns bcftnfgc xdgiftn, bc`c Gd`ntdli`dfcntifcl kdtirkdtir- G@IN kdtirtiritc n` `ntikdssul﬉tc gn sògdc =,9%, pA nftrn 2,= n :,= tiritc. bcfbnftriêþns gn 9=% kdssul﬉tc gn sògdc =,9%, NGWI i ;=% pcgn` snr `udtc gdssògdbc =,9% n KAW =,=>%, dfstévnds. cu Xdti`dfi B >%, NGWI gdssògdbc =,9% n KAW =,=>%. Brn`n/Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® Jnl gn Fitrcscl® Gd`ntdli`dfcntifcl issc]lurdjnl® Lcêâc ]iri`ul E® bdigc ic pA nftrn 7,= n :,> L-]dgclitc (ébdgc birkcxd- Jnl gn birk÷`nrc. [nbc`nfgi-sn i igdêâc gn `ntikdssul﬉tc gn sògdc, NGWI n/  pdrrcldg÷fdbc). cu kutdl-adgrcxdtclunfc. Gd`ntdli`dfcntifcl n ébdgc jldbòldbc. pA nftrn >,= n 8,= Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B8A9>C7F ]@5 98>,94 Gd`ntdli`dfcntifcl n ébdgc létdbc `clnbulir5 pA nftrn >,= n 8,= BHòr`uli A CF : 9: 7 ]@5 9:4,9;

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns N`ulsþns Lcêþns Jäds fâc d÷fdbcs

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`n N`ulsþns Lcêþns Jäds fâc d÷fdbcs

 

:2

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) N`ulsþns Brn`ns Lcêþns Lcêþns t÷fdbis Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Bcfgdbdcfigcr ns bc` n sn` nfxéjun W÷fdbcs bipdlirns Hcr`uliêþns piri ufais [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri i`kdnftn. Brn`ns n lcêþns tdpc òlnc n` éjui @ésbiris hibdids Jäds Hcr`uliêþns piri c bcurc biknlugc n biknlc Brn`ns Jäds Lcêþns bcrpcrids piri triti`nftc gn nstrdis

]rò-vdti`dfi K>. pA nftrn 2,> n :,> Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B4AFC7 (]@5 ;=>,;>) 94

Kisns hcri gi hidxi gn pA gn nstikdldgign.

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

gn gd`ntdlpA nftrn 7,> n 8,> Adilurcfitc sdlifcl.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

G-RW[DIÅ

K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ]NFWTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ILBCACL (IFG) RN[NFCI RN[[^LIWI NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc clncsc gn Riw pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= ]il`nttc (Rnrnfci snrruliti).

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

GTFILDHWÅ

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

gn scrjau` rdbc n` Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n :,> Rubc pcldcsàgncs. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs

 IBIBDI RNFNJIL RNFNJIL J^@ (IFG) ATG[CLTUNG ATG[CLTUNG [DUACKDIF J^@ 

Bc`pcstc gn u` pcldssibiràgnc prcguzdgc pcr u` gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n :,= `dbrcrjifds`c cktdgc pcr Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Qdldifbn Hcr`uliêþns gdvnrsis piri c budgigc gdérdc gi pnln? tnfscrns

G-]IFWNFCL

G-]IFWANFCL

GRA-B

NIRTLDIFBN

hnr`nftiêâc isscbdigc í jc`i ibébdi cktdgi gi

piri ac`nfs n `ulanrns

 Ibibdi snfnjil. snfnjil.

:7

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

NHIGN[@I

®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

LDFCLNDB IBDG (IFG) LDFCLNFDB IBDG (IFG)  I[IBADGCFDB IBDG IBDG

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Nxtritc clncsc gn Giubus  L. Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= bircti @dsturi gn ébdgcs ldfclndbc, ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. ldfclåfdbc n iriqudg÷fdbc.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Bc`pcfnftn gn hisn clncsi gn n`ulsþns C/I n I/C cu i kisns prcftis fâc d÷fdbis bc`c Qild﬉f 9>® n ]iri`ul E® Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds-brn`n Òlncs gn kifac Rcluêþns t÷fdbis Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrn Bcfgdbdcfigcrnss [nbc`nfgi-sn fâc suk`ntnr ic iiqunbd`nftc qunbd`nftc nxbnssdvc. ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5

 Ivnfclit ® , Rnfsdldfn® , I`ifguld fn® , Iprdbct @dl Nxtripcf® , Òxdgc gn zdfbc ^ltri﬉fc® , Gdòxdgc gn Wdtëfdc [utdlc @dbrcfdzigc WW ® , ldfai Fnc-Anldcpif® , Rilybu`d fcl ® , Baytcjldbif® , Irfdbi Hdtcbcfbnftrcl ® n ^fgnlnfn®.

NLIRBC@

ATG[CLTUNG NLIRWDF (IFG) ATG[CLTUNG BCLLIJNF (IFG) RCGD^@ BACFG[CDWDF R^LHIWN 

Bc`plnxc gn nlistdfi n adgrcldsigc nfrd- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n 8,= bcléjnfc qunbdgc bc` `ubcpclds- ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. sibiràgnc n birkcdgritcs birkcdgritcs..

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

N`ulsþns Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i :> µB.

 

:>

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

NLIRWDFCL +[

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

NLIRWCBNLL®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

N@KLDBIÅ

N@^LUC@N® RWG

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

@DFN[IL CDL (IFG) ATG[CJNFIWNG ]CLTDRCK^WNFN (IFG) RWNI[TL AN]WIFCIWN (IFG) ZIWN[

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Bc`kdfiêâc gn hriêþns pcldssibiràgdbis rdbis n` L-hubcsn (H[C]s) n Jnl fâc d÷fdbc (FitrcpA nftrn 2,= n :,= L-rai`fcsn ([[C]s) bc` scl ® ). `idcr bcfbnftriêâc gi hriêâc rdbi n` L-rai`fcsn.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Rärufs Jäds Jäds-brn`n Lcêâc-jnl Fdoocldpdg 19R® bc` ]lurdjnl® Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` ]lurdjnl® Lcêâc Qild﬉f 9>® Brn`n Fdoocldpdg 19R® bc` ]lurdjnl® [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB.

pA nftrn 7,4 n 8,1 Birkcxd`ntdlbdstnd-fitc gn ldsdfi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Jäds Brn`ns fâc d÷fdbcs

Kisns bc` pAs ilbildfcs.

Lcêþns Brn`ns Jäds [nbc`nfgi-sn igdbdcfir =,9% gn `ntikdssul﬉tc gn sògdc.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns adgritiftns n futrdtdvcs Hdltrcs sclirns Jäds Brn`ns piri i érni gcs clacs ]rnpiriêþns gnstdfigis ic `nrbigc `isbuldfc [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fc ﬉fil gc prcbnssc n` tn`pnrituri i`kdnftn. i`kdnftn.

pA `nfcr qun 8,=

Nxtritc pigrcfdzigc gi hruti ]aylliftaus n`kldbi.

@dbrcn`ulsâc òlnc n` pA nftrn 2,> n 4,= éjui dsnfti gn tnfscitdvcs.

:8

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

WN]A[CRDI ]^[]^[NI RNNG NQW[IBW (IFG) WANCK[C@I BIBIC NQW[IBW (IFG) ][C]TLNFN JLTBCL

NFGC[]ADF ®

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Bc`plnxc ntfckctëfdbc gn pcldhnfòds gn Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= bc`pcstc bibiu n nxtritc gn ﬋cr gn ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. Wnparcsdi purpõrni.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) N`ulsþns Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rcluêþns ]rnpiriêþns piri pnln snfsàvnl n/cu hrijdldzigi Hcr`uliêþns piri `issijn` N`ulsþns Hcr`uliêþns pòs-gnpdliêâc ]rnpiriêþns pòs-kirki ]rnpiriêþns pòs-nxpcsdêâc sclir. [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi gi prnpiriêâc prnpiriêâc..

K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) JLTBN[DF (IFG) ATG[CLTUNG ATG[CLTUNG NFWN[C@C[]AI BC@][NRRI

NFWNLDFN®;

Kdcitdvc gn crdjn` `irdfai. Hriêâc gn pnptàgncs pA nftrn >,> n 8,> dscligcs gn u`i ilji vnrgn (Baclcrcpaybni),

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

Nftnrc`crpai bc`prnssi, 

kutdlnfcjldbcl n jldbnrdfi.

NFQCH[N KDCRCLÕXNL

R^LH^[ (IFG) ]NJ-2= BIRWC[ CDL

pA nft nftrn rn >>,> ,> n ::,> ,> Nfxc Nfxchrhrnn.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

N`ulsþns fâc d÷fdbis Jäds Jäds-brn`n Zdpns

Rärufs Lcêþns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= ½B. Rikcfntns Qi`pus Hcr`uliêþns gdvnrsis

 

::

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

N]DB^WDF® WW

N]DGN[HDLL

®

N]DLI@D®

NY^DRWIWÅ N[DW[C@DBDFI

:1

 

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

BTBLCGNQW[DF (IFG) WNI W[NN (@NLILN^BI ILWN[FDHCLDI) CDL

NWATLANQTL ]IL@DWIWN (IFG) RDLDBI GD@NWATL RDLTLIWN (IFG) K^WTLNFN  JLTBCL (IFG) RCGD^@ ATIL^[CFIWN 

][C]TLNFN JLTBCL IFG O[I@N[DI NQW[IBW (IFG) JILF^WW NQW[IBW (IFG) J[DFGNLLDI NQW[IBW (IFG) J[I]NH[^DW NQW[IBW 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

 Itdvc gnrdvigc gi bc`plnxiêâc gc òlnc gn Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n >,> `nlilnubi (9=%) bc` bdblcgnxtrdfis,, gn ldknriêâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. bdblcgnxtrdfis bcftrcligi.

 Ébdgc adilur÷fdbc gn gn kidxc pnsc `clnbulir pA nftrn >,9 n >,7 `dbrcnfbipsuligc n gnsdgritigc.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

pA nnfftrn 22,,= n >,= Bc`plnxc vn vnjntil.

Jnl gn gn bbiirk÷`nrc.

K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ]T[^R @IL^R (I]]LN) H[^DW NQW[IBW (IFG) JLTBDFN RCEI (RCTKNIF) RNNG NQW[IBW.

Bc`pcstc pcr nxtritc pA nftrn 7,> n :,> gn `iêâ (]yrus `ilus) n nxtritc gn scei

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

NRWCLIWC GN N[DW[C@DBDFI

pA fnutrc

Nstclitc gn nrdtrc`dbdfi.

Kisns qun iprnsnfti` pA hcri gi hidxi gn nstikdldgign.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds N`ulsþns cdl hrnn Jnl gn I`djnl® Jnl-Brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® FBK [nbc`nfgi-sn fâc iqunbnr ibd`i gn 2> ½B. Gdspnrsþns iqucsis cu n` prcpdlnfcjldbcll cu n` scrkdtcl prcpdlnfcjldbc sâc hibdl`nftn dfbcrpcrigis í hisn iqucsi gis prnpiriêþns prnpiriêþns.. Kisns gn sdldbcfn N`ulsþns òlnc/éjui [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir, fc `àfd`c, ;=% gi hisn clncsi piri sui sclukdldziêâc sclukdldziêâc.. Jnl gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXB Jnl-brn`n gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXL Jnl-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® RIH Jnl gn I`djnl® Brn`ns C/I Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Rcluêþns N`ulsþns Jäds iutckrcfznigcr iutckrcfznigcrns ns Lcêâc Qild﬉f 9>® [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir i hrdc. Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Lcêþns bcrpcrids Gnscgcriftns Rikcfntns Nspu`i piri kifac

N[TWA[^LCRN 

9,2,7-trd-adgrcxd-;-kupA nftrn ;,= n >,= tifcfi. Bntciêõbir fituril.

]D@]DFNLLI IFDR^@ (IFDRN) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc ldbc gn nrvi-gcbn. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

NRHCLDIFWN GN KI@K^

KI@KCC ]CZGN[

pA nftr nftrnn 22,= ,= n :,= ]ò gn ki`ku. ki`ku.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Wcgis is kisns.

NRHCLDIFWN GN BCBC

BCBCF^W ]CZGN[

pA nftr nftrnn 22,= ,= n :,= ]ò gn bcbc bcbc.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Wcgis is kisns.

NRHCLDIFWN GN H[I@KCNUI

[IR]KN[[T RNNG

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Wcgis is kisns.

NRHCLDIFWN GN @C[IFJC

RW[IZKN[[T RNNG

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Wcgis is kisns.

N[DW[^LCRN

N[XI-GCBN AJ

N^BILD]WC AJ

]ò gn hri`kcnsi gn sn`nftn gn `cpA nftrn 2,= n :,= ]ò rifjc

N^BILT]W^R JLCK^L^R LNIH NQW[IBW 

Jäds gn Birkcpcl  cu ]lurdjnl®. ®

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> Nxtritc ldbc gn nubildptc. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Jäds Brn`ns Lcêþns Qi`pus Rikcfntns

 

:4

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

N^RCLNQ® W WDWIFD^@ GDCQDGN 

pA GN BC@]CRDÊÂC NRWIKDLDGIGN pA nftrn ;,= n :,=. C pA fâc pcssud Gdòxdgc gn tdtëfdc `dbrcnhndtc sckrn i fdzigc rnvnstdgc bc` gdspnrsdkdldgign gc WdC sdldbcfn. Nusclnx® W fi hidxi  + Rd`ntdbcfn ; gn pA nftrn ;,= n :,=.

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Hibdl`nftn dfbcrpcrigc tiftc fi éjui bc`c fc òlnc cu òlnc gn sdldbcfn.

AD@IFWAILDI NLCFJIWI NQW[IBW 

Bcfbnftrigc dftribnlulir pA nftrn 7,> n 8,= nxtriàgc gi Ad`iftaildi nlcfjiti.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]rcgutcs piri c triti`nftc gn pnlns nxpcstis ic nstrnssn aàgrdbc ]rnpiriêþns bipdlirns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir ic ﬉fil gc prcbnssc i u`i tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB.

NQC-]

ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG)  ILW  ILWN[C@CFIR N[C@CFIR HN[ HN[@NFW @NFW NQW[IBW 

Gnsdftcxdbiftn nxcpcldsgn u` nbcssds- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n >,> sibiràgnc tn`i õfdbc fi ]cldfäsdi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi Hrifbnsi

Gnsdftcxdbdbiftns ]rctntcrns n hcr`uliêþns iftdpcludêâc, iftdnstrnssn gn rnpirc,  iftdijdfj, prcgutcs sclirns, bipdlirns, bcrpcrids n ldfai `isbuldfi.

NQW. IY^CRC GN BILÅFG^LI

BILNFG^LI CHHDBDFILDR ZIWN[T NQW[IBW 

iqucsc gn BilnfpA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc guli ch﬉bdfilds.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

NQW. IY^CRC GN BI@C@DLI

@IW[DBI[DI BAI@C@DLLI ZIWN[T NQW[IBW 

iqucsc gn @itrdpA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc birdi bai`c`dlli.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

NQW. IY^CRC GN AI@I@ÄLDR

ZDWBA AIUNL ZIWN[T NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn 2,> n >,= Nxtritc iqucsc gn Ai`i- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi  `nlds vdrjdfdifi vdrjdfdifi L. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

NQBNLL AD@ 9=®

1=

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

NQW. IY^CRC GN @NLDRRI

KIL@ @DFW (@NLDRRI CHHDBDFILDR) ZIWN[T NQW[IBW 

iqucsc gn @nldssi Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n >,= Nxtritc ch﬉bdfilds. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC NFW[N H[^WIR W[C]DBIDR

BDW[^R G^LBDR NQW[IBW IFG LN@CF H[^DW NQW[IBW IFG ]DFNI]]LN H[^DW NQW[IBW IFG WIFJN[DFN H[^DW NQW[IBW  IFG ]IRRDCFHLCZ ]IRRDCFHLCZN[ N[ H[^DW NQW[IBW  NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn hrutis pA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc trcpdbids.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC IKIBIWND[C

 IXCBIGC (]N[RNI J[IWDRRD@I)  IXCBIGC J[IWDRRD@I) LNI LNIHH NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn ]nrsni ]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcspA nftrn 2,= n :,=  jritdssd`i. éjui. `ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC IKIBIQD

]DFNI]]LN (IFIFIR RIWDX^R) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn IfipA nftrn 2,= n :,=  fis sitdvus. sitdvus.

]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcsntifcl. `ätdbis

NQW. IÊIÀ JLDBÒLDBC

 IRRID NQW[IBW  NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  pn Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Nutnrclnribn clnribni. i.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns `ätdbisbcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs-

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC IBN[CLI

 IBN[CLI (@IL]DJADI (@IL]DJADI JLIK[ JLIK[I) I) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn @ilpd- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  jadi jlikri. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC ILNB[D@

[CRN@I[T ([CR@I[DF^R CHHDBDFILDR) LNIH NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn [cspA nftrn 2,= n :,=  `irdfus ch﬉bdfilds. ch﬉bdfilds.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC ILHIUN@I

LIXIFGN[ (LIXIFG^LI CHHDBDFILDR) HLCZN[ NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn Livif- ]cgn schrnr turkdgnz n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcspA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc guli ch﬉bdfilds. éjui n ntifcl. `ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC ILJIR

KLIGGN[Z[IBO (H^B^R XNRDB^LCR^R) KLIGGN[Z[IBO NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn Hubus ]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcspA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc vnsdbulcsus. ntifcl n éjui. `ätdbis

 ILJIN NQW[IBW  NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtri Nxtritc tc jldbòl jldbòlddbc bc ggnn ilj iljis is..

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC ILJIR W[IFR]I[NFWNR

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]cgn schrnr turkdgnz n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcséjui. `ätdbis

 

19

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I NQW. JLDBÒLDBC ILJCGCND[C NQW. JLDBÒLDBC ILAC NQW. JLDBÒLDBC ILCN XN[I (KIKCRI) NQW. JLDBÒLDBC I@IU×FDBC

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI BCWWCF (JCRRT]D^@ AN[KIBN^@) LNIH NQW[IBW 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn JcspA nftrn 2,= n :,=  sypdu` anrkibnu`. anrkibnu`.

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcséjui. `ätdbis

 ILCN (ILCN XN[I) XN[I) LNIH NQW[IBW  NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Illdu` Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n :,= ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. ]cgn schrnr prnbdpdtiêâc Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Ilcn pA nftrn 2,= n :,= vnri. n` ntifcl.

J^I[IFI NQW[IBW IFG BI[I]I J^DIFNFRDR NQW[IBW IFG IRRID NQW[IBW  IFG BC]IDHN[I BC]IDHN[I NQW[ NQW[IBW  IBW 

jldbòldbc gn vérdis pA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc pliftis i`izcfnfsns. i`izcfnfsns.

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC I@C[I

@^LKN[[T (@C[^R FDJ[I) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn @crus Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  fdjri. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC I[FDBI

 I[FDBI (I[FDBI @CFWIFI L) ZDLG HLCZN[ NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Irfdbi ]cgn schrnr prnbdpdtiêâc Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs `cftifi L. n` ntifcl. `ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC IXNDI

CIW (IXNFI RIWDXI) RNNG NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Ivnfi Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  sitdvi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC IXNLÂ

AIUNL (BC[TL^R IXNLLIFI) F^W  NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Bcrylus Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  ivnllifi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC KI[KIWD@ÂC

JI[LDB (ILLD^@ RIWDX^@) K^LK NQW[IBW 

RW[T]AFCGNFG[CF KI[KIWD@IF NQW[IBW 

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC KI[GIFI

K^[GCBO (I[BWD^@ LI]]I) NQW[IBW 

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC KÄW^LI

KD[BA (KNW^LI ILKI) LNIH NQW[IBW 

 sitdvu`.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcséjui. `ätdbis

N` kisns buecs vilcrns Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Rtrypa- gn pA nstnei` ikidxc gn ;,= n ibd`i gn 9=,= pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  fcgnfgrcf kirkitd`i` kirkitd`i`  @irt. aivnré prnbdpdtiêâc gcs tifdfcs. jldbòldbc gn Irb- ]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` pA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc tdu` lippi. ntifcl n éjui.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Kntuli ]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcspA nftrn 2,= n :,=  ilki. ntifcl n éjui. `ätdbis

1;

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I NQW. JLDBÒLDBC K[CWC GN KI@K^ NQW. JLDBÒLDBC BIE^ NQW. JLDBÒLDBC

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

KI@KCC (KI@K^RI X^LJI[DR) NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Ki`pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  kusi vuljirdss..

 IFIBI[GD^@ CBBDGNFWILN CBBDGNFWILN NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn IfipA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc birgdu` cbbdgnftiln.

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R) Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. ]irbdil`nftn sclõvnl n` ntifcl n éjui.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs-

BILÅFG^LI

BILNFG^LI (BILNFG^LI CHHDBDFILDR) R) HLCZN[ NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn Bilnf pA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc guli ch﬉bdfilds.

ntifcl.

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC BI@C@DLI

@IW[DBI[DI (@IW[DBI[DI BAI@C@DLLI) HLCZN[ NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn @itrdpA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc birdi bai`c`dlli.

]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcsntifcl n éjui. `ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC BI[I@KCLI

 IXN[[ACI  IXN[[ ACI BI[I@KCLI BI[I@KCLI NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Ivnr  Ivnr-pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  raci biri`kcli. biri`kcli.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC BIRWIFAI-GIÀFGDI NQW. JLDBÒLDBC BIRWIFAI-GC]I[É NQW. JLDBÒLDBC BIXILDFAI NQW. JLDBÒLDBC BNFC^[I NQW. JLDBÒLDBC BNFWNLLI IRDÉWDBI NQW. JLDBÒLDBC BAÉ ][NWC

`ätdbis

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

AD]]CBIRWIF^@) AD]]CBIRW IF^@) RNNG NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Insbu- ]cgn schrnr lnvn turviadppcbistifu`. pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  lus adppcbistifu`. êâc n` ntifcl n éjui.

K[IUDL (KN[WACLLNWDI NQBNLRI) F^W NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn KnrpA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc tacllntdi nxbnlsi.

]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcsntifcl n éjui. `ätdbis

NY^DRNW^@ (NY^DRNW^@ I[XNFRN) NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn NqudpA nftrn 2,= n :,=  sntu` irvnfsn irvnfsn

GI^B^R BI[CWI L. NQW[IBW BI[[CW (GI^B^R BI[CWI) NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn GiupA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc bus bircti.

]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` éjui n ntifcl. Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

ATG[CBCWTL (BNFWNLLI IRDIWDBI) NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Bnftn- ]cgn schrnr lnvn turvipA nftrn 2,= n :,=  lli isditdbi. isditdbi. êâc n` éjui n ntifcl.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

BI@NLLDI RDFNFRDR LNIH NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn hclais pA nftrn 2,= n :,= gn Bi`nlldi sdfnfsds.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

AC[RN BANRWF^W (INRB^L^R

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

 

12

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC BAÉ XN[GN

BI@NLLDI RDFNFRDR NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn BipA nftrn 2,= n :,=  `nlldi sdfnfsds. sdfnfsds.

]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcsntifcl n éjui. `ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC BCFH[ND

BC@H[NT (RT@]ATW^@ CHHDBDFILN) CHHDBDFILN) NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Ry`pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  paytu` ch﬉bdfiln. ch﬉bdfiln.

]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcsntifcl n éjui. `ätdbis

WANCK[C@I KDBCLC[ NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn pA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc Wanckrc`i jrifgd﬋cru`.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. ]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` éjui.

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC B^]^IÊ^ NQW. JLDBÒLDBC N[XI-BDG[ND[I

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

BT@KC]CJCF BDW[IW^R NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn By`pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  kcpcjcf bdtritus.

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC N[XI-GCBN

 IFDRN (]D@]DFNLLI (]D@]DFNLLI IFDR^@) NQW[IBW  NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn ]d`pd- ]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcspA nftrn 2,= n :,=  fnlli ifdsu`. ifdsu`. ntifcl. `ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC H[I@KCNRI

[^K^R DGIN^R H[^DW NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn [ukus Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  dginus . ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC H[^WIR BÀW[DBIR

BDW[^R G^LBDR NQW[IBW IFG LN@CF H[^DW NQW[IBW IFG ]DFNI]]LN H[^DW NQW[IBW IFG WIFJN[DFN H[^DW NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn hrutis pA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc bàtrdbis.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC H[^WIR W[C]DBIDR

BDW[^R G^LBDR NQW[IBW IFG LN@CF H[^DW NQW[IBW IFG ]DFNI]]LN H[^DW NQW[IBW IFG WIFJN[DFN H[^DW NQW[IBW  IFG ]IRRDCFHLCZ ]IRRDCFHLCZN[ N[ H[^DW NQW[IBW  NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn hrutis pA nftrn 2,= n :,= trcpdbids.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

RW[IZKN[[T IFG [IR]KN[[T IFG @^LKN[[T H[^DW NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn hrutis vnr`nlais.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

]irbdil`nftn sclõvnl n` éjui. ]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` éjui, scrkdtcl n ntifcl.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC H[^WIR XN[@NLAIR NQW. JLDBÒLDBC JNFJDK[N NQW. JLDBÒLDBC JÄ[@N@ GN W[DJC

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Udfjd UDFJDKN[ CHHDBDFILDR CHHDBDFILDR NQW[ NQW[IBW  IBW 

pA nftrn 2,= n :,=

ZANIW (W[DWDB^@ RIWDX^@) JN[@ NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn WrdtdpA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc bu` sitdvu`.

 knr ch﬉bdfilds.

17

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I NQW. JLDBÒLDBC JDFOJC KDLCKI NQW. JLDBÒLDBC J^I[IFÉ

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI JDFOJC KDLCKI NQW[IBW 

J^I[IFI (]I^LLDFDI B^]IFI) NQW[IBW 

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC J^IRRIWCFJI

BIRNI[DI RTLXNRW[DR NQW[IBW 

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC

ZDWBA AIUNL ( AI@I@NLDR XD[JDFDIFI)

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Jdfojc ]cgn cbcrrnr turviêâc pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  kdlcki. n` ntifcl n éjui.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn ]iulld- ]irbdil`nftn sclõvnl n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcspA nftrn 2,= n :,=  fdi bupifi. bupifi. éjui. `ätdbis Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Bisni- ]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcspA nftrn 2,= n :,=  rdi sylvnstrds. éjui n ntifcl. `ätdbis N` kisns buecs vilcrns gn pA nstnei` ikidxc Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcsNxtritc jldbòldbc gn Ai`i-

AI@I@ÄLDR

NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn 2,= n :,=

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC AN[I

DXT (ANGN[I ANLDQ) NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Angnri pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  anldx.

gn ;,= n ibd`i gn 9=,= `ätdbis aivnré prnbdpdtiêâc gn tifdfcs. ]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcsntifcl n éjui. `ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC EIKC[IFGD

 EIKC[IFGD (]DLLCBI[]^R CBI[]^R EI EIKC[IFGD) KC[IFGD) NQW[IBW EIKC[IFGD (]DLCBI[]^R  EIKC[IFGD) LNIH LNIH NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn ]dlcpA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc birpus eikcrifgd.

]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcsntifcl n éjui. `ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC ODZD NQW. JLDBÒLDBC LNDWN GN BCBC

ODZD (IBWDFDGDI BADFNFRDR) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn Ibtdfd- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc gdi badfnfsds. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Bcbus Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  fubdhnri. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

BCBCF^W (BCB^R F^BDHN[I) NQW[IBW 

 `nlds vdrjdfdiifi. fi.

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC LD@ÂC

LN@CF (BDW[^R LD@CF^@) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Bdtrus pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  ld`cfu`.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC @ILXI

@ILLCZ (@ILXI RTLXNRW[DR) NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn @ilvi pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  sylvnstrds.

]cgn schrnr lnvn turviêâc n` éjui

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

1>

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC @IFJI

@IFJC (@IFJDHN[I DFGDBI) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn @ifjd- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc hnri dfgdbi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC @I[IB^EÉ

]IRRDCFHLCZN[ (]IRRDHLC[I ILIWI) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn ]issd- ]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcspA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc ﬋cri iliti. éjui. `ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC @NL

 I]DR NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn nftrn 22,= ,= n :,= :,= Nxt Nxtrit ritcc jldbbòl òlddbc bc ggnn `n `nl.l.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC @NLIFBDI

BDW[^LL^R NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn BdpA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc trullus vuljirds.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC @NLÂC

@NLCF (B^B^@DR @NLC) NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Bubu- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  `ds `nlc. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC @NLDRRI

KIL@ @DFW (@NLDRRI CHHDBDFILDR) NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn @nldssi ]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcspA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc ch﬉bdfilds. éjui n ntifcl. `ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC @NFWI

]N]]N[@DFW (@NFWAI ]D]N[DWI) NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn @nfpA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc tai pdpnrdti.

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC @C[IFJC

RW[IZKN[[T (H[IJI[DI XNRBI) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Hriji- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  rdi vnsbi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC @^WI@KI

J^IU^@I ^L@DHCLDI NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Juizu- ]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcspA nftrn 2,= n :,=  `i ul`dhcldi. ul`dhcldi. éjui. `ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC FCJ^ND[I NQW. JLDBÒLDBC ]I]IDI

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Eu-

ZILF^W (E^JLIFR [NJDI) NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn 2,= n :,= ]I]ITI ]I]I TI (BI[DBI ]I]ITI) ]I]ITI) H[^DW NQ NQW[IBW  W[IBW 

 jlifs rnjdi.

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Birdbi pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  pipiyi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcsntifcl n éjui. `ätdbis

]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` éjui n ntifcl. Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

18

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC ]N]DFC

B^B^@KN[ (B^B^@DR RIWDX^R) NQW[IBW 

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC ]ÅRRNJC

]NIBA (][^F^R ]N[RDBI) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC ]HIHHDI

]HIHHDI ]IFDB^LIWI NQW[IBW 

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC ]DWIFJI

N^JNFDI ^FDHLC[I NQW[IBW 

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC ][Ò]CLDR

][C]CLDR ZQ NQW[IBW 

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC Y^DLIDI NQW. JLDBÒLDBC

Y^DLLIEI RI]CFI[DI NQW[IBW   UDUT]A^R ECIRND[C [C NQW[IBW 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Bubu- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  `ds sitdvus. sitdvus. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn ]rufus Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  pnrsdbi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. ]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn ]hih﬉i éjui n schrn prnbdpdtipA nftrn 2,= n :,=  pifdbuliti  pifdbuliti.. êâc n` ntifcl. Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Nujn- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  fdi ufd﬋cri. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

jldbòldbc gn pròpA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc pclds.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` éjui

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcsNxtritc jldbòldbc gn Yudlliei Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  sipcfirdi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. `ätdbis ]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcsNxtritc jldbòldbc gn Ud-

pA nftrn 2,= n :,=

[IR]I GN E^É

 zypaus ecisndrc. ecisndrc.

ntifcl.

`ätdbis Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC [CRIR K[IFBIR

BIKKIJN [CRN ([CRI BNFWDHCLDI) NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn [csi pA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc bnftdhcldi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC RÉLXDI

RIJN (RILXDI CHHDBDFILDR) NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn Rilvdi pA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc ch﬉bdfilds.

]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcséjui n ntifcl. `ätdbis

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC RCEI

RCTKNIF (JLDBDFI RCEI) NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn Jldbdfi ]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcspA nftrn 2,= n :,=  scei. éjui n ntifcl. `ätdbis

WIFJN[DFN (BDW[^R WIFJN[DFI) NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn Bdtrus pA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc tifjnrdfn.

LDFNF (WÀLDI BC[GIWI) NQW[IBW 

jldbòldbc gn Wdldi pA nftrn 2,= n :,= Nxtritc bcrgiti.

NQW. JLDBÒLDBC WIFJN[DFI NQW. JLDBÒLDBC WÀLDI

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. ]cgn schrnr turviêâc n` éjui.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

 

1:

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I NQW[IWC GN FD@ (FNN@) NQW[IWC GN WI@I[DFGC

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

@NLDI IUIGD[IBAWI LNIH NQW[IBW 

Bc`pcstc gn5 izigdribatdgnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= fi, trdtnrpnfòdgns, jngufd- Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi fis, fd`kdfi, ld`dfòdgns

N`ulsþns Qi`pus iftdbispi Hcr`uliêþns piri triti`nftc pòs-tdfturi n bipdlirns b ipdlirns..

WI@I[DFG^R DFGDBI NQW[IBW 

Dfgdif Gitns, Wi`irdfgus pA nftrn >,= n :,=  dfgdbi.

Kisns fâ fâc d÷fdbis

Kisns if ifd÷fdbis.

Bc`pcstc prdfbdpil`nftn

NTN BCFWC^[ BC@]LNQ®

NTNRN[TL

®

HIWC[ IHJH

]D@NFWC NQW[IBW (IFG) J[I]NH[^DW (BDW[^R J[IFGDR) NQW[IBW, K^WBAN[K[CC@ ([^RB^R IB^LNIW^R) NQW[IBW, AC[RNWIDN NQW[IBW (IFG) ]NJ (IFG) ZIWN[, LDBC[DBN NQW[IBW (IFG), ]J (IFG) ZIWN[, @NWATLRDLIFCL IRBC[KIWN (IFG) KJ (IFG) ZIWN[, @NWATLRDLIFCL ATG[C][CLDFN IR]I[WIWN, GD@NWATLRDLIFCL ATL^[CFIWN, ATG[CLTUNG NLIRWDF 

gi isscbdiêâc gn nxtritcs vnjntids, ﬉tcnstnròds n vdti`dfis.  Iprnsnfti n` sui bc`pcsdêâc5 nxtritc gn pd`nftâc-gcbn, nxtritc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> gn  jripnhrudt , nxtritc gn ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. jdlkirkndri, adgru`dfns gn bivildfai, adgru`dfns gn ilbiêuz, isbcrkcsdlifn bcfbnftrigc, adgrcxdprcldsdlifn B, G.R.A. B n Nxsyprctädfs i ;%. Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

ZIWN[ (IFG) IBNWTL WNW[I]N]WDGN->

pA nftr nftrnn 7, 7,== n 1, 1,== Ä u` ttntr ntripn ipnptà ptàggnc nc

[A-]CLT]N]WDGN-99

]rctnàfi cktdgi pcr kdctnbfclcjdi pnli täbfdbi Kisns qun fâc bcftngn prcguêâc gn prctnàfis fai` tnfscitdvcs n qun pA nftrn >,= n :,= rnbc`kdfiftns qun ipòs tnfai` bcfbnftriêâc gn c prcbnssc gn dscli`nftc élbccl ibd`i gn 2=%. nbipsuligis. purd﬉biêâc sâc fifcnf-

11

N`ulsþns Lcêþns Lndtns Jäds [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir bc` ijdtiêâc lnfti n n` tn`pnrituri i`kdnftn.

N`ulsþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n n särufs, fâc d÷fdbcs n ifd÷fdbcs. Lcêâc t÷fdbi bipdlir Jnl gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXB Jnl-brn`n gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXL Jnl-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® RIH ®

Jnl gn I`djnl

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

HIWC[ I[L

HIWC[ KHJH

HIWC[ NJH

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

[A-]CLT]N]WDGN-9

[A-CLDJC]N]WDGN-9

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Bc`pcsdêâc nqudldkrigi gn iftdcxdgiftns fiturids.  Isscbdiêâc gn vdti`dfis pA nftrn 7,> n 8,=  I, N n gnrdvigc gi Xdti`dfi B, bc` rutdfi n nxtritc gn anri. ]rctnàfi cktdgi pcr kdctnbfclcjdi pnli täbfdbi gn prcguêâc gn prctnàfis pA nftrn >,= n :,= rnbc`kdfiftns qun ipòs c prcbnssc gn dscli`nftc n purd﬉biêâc sâc fifcnfbipsuligis. ]rctnàfi cktdgi pcr kdctnbfclcjdi pnli täbfdbi gn prcguêâc gn prctnàfis pA nftrn >,= n :,= rnbc`kdfiftns qun ipòs c prcbnssc gn  dscli`nftc n purd﬉biêâc sâc fifcnfbipsuligis fifcnfbipsuligis.. ]rctnàfi cktdgi pcr kdc-

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns bcrpcrids ]rctntcrns sclirns Brn`n pòs-scl ]rcgutcs gn `iqudijn` ]rnpiriêþns gnr`itclòjdbis

Kisns qun fâc bcftnfai` tnfscitdvcs n qun tnfai` bcfbnftriêâc gn élbccl ibd`i gn 2=%.

Lcêâc t÷fdbi bipldir Jnl gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXB Jnl-brn`n gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXL Jnl-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® RIH Jnl gn I`djnl

Kisns qun fâc bcftnfai` tnfscitdvcs n qun tnfai` bcfbnftriêâc gn élbccl ibd`i gn 2=%.

Lcêâc t÷fdbi bipdlir Jnl gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXB Jnl-brn`n gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXL Jnl-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® RIH Jnl gn I`djnl®

HIWC[ DJH

tnbfclcjdi pnli täbfdbi gn prcguêâc gn prctnàfis pA nftrn >,= n :,= rnbc`kdfiftns qun ipòs c prcbnssc gn dscli`nftc n purd﬉biêâc sâc fifcnfbipsuligis.

[A-CLDJC]N]WDGN-;

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Kisns qun fâc bcftnfai` tnfscitdvcs n qun tnfai` bcfbnftriêâc gn élbccl ibd`i gn 2=%.

Lcêâc t÷fdbi bipldir Jnl gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXB Jnl-brn`n gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXL Jnl-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® RIH Jnl gn I`djnl®

 

14

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

HIWC[ WJH ∼2

[A-]CLT]N]WDGN->

HIWC[ XNJH

[A-]CLT]N]WDGN-4

HNLDU KDCR®  Y^NLIWC (BC@]LNQ)

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

HN[[C KDCR®  Y^NLIWC

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

HDLW[C RCLI[ ^XI/^XK @N[BO ®  ADG[CRRCLÕXNL

]ANFTL KNFUD@DGIUCLN R^LHCFDB IBDG (IFG) KNFUC]ANFCFN 7

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

]rctnàfi cktdgi pcr kdctnbfclcjdi pnli täbfdbi gn prcguêâc gn prctnàfis pA nftrn >,= n :,= rnbc`kdfiftns qun ipòs c prcbnssc gn dscli`nftc n purd﬉biêâc sâc fifcnfbipsuligis. ]rctnàfi cktdgi pcr kdctnbfclcjdi pnli täbfdbi prcguêâc gnqun prctnàfis pA nftrn >,= n :,= gn rnbc`kdfiftns ipòs c prcbnssc gn dscli`nftc n purd﬉biêâc sâc fifcnfbipsuligis. Yunlitc gn hnrrc, qunlitc zdfbc, ]yrdgcxdfn pA nftrn >,= n 1,= gn (Xdti`dfi K8) n L-ldsdfi n` scluêâc.

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Kisns qun fâc bcftnfai` tnfscitdvcs n qun tnfai` bcfbnftriêâc gn élbccl ibd`i gn 2=%.

Lcêâc t÷fdbi bipdlir Jnl gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXB Jnl-brn`n gn Irdstc﬋nx ® IXL Jnl-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® RIH Jnl gn I`djnl®

Kisns qun fâc bcftnfai` tnfscitdvcs n qun Lcêâc t÷fdbi bipldir tnfai` bcfbnftriêâc gn élbccl ibd`i gn 2=%.

Kisns qun bcftnfai` ébdgcs n élbilds.

Lcêþns Brn`ns Qi`pus

pA nftrn nftrn 88,= ,= n 1,= 1,= Hnrrc Hnrrc qqunlig unligcc n` scluêâc scluêâc.. Kisns qun bcftnfai` ébdgcs n élbilds.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

 Ébdgc hnfdlknfzd`dgizcl hnfdlknfzd`dgizcl pA nftrn 8,> n :,1 sulh÷fdbc n Knfzchnfcfi-7.

Jnl gn Fitrcscl® N`ulsþns ]rnpiriêþns piri hctcprctnêâc n` jnl n jnl-brn`n [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi gn n`ulsþns n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 1= ½B.

Kisns qun bcftnfai` ébdgcs hcrtns.

4=

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

HLIXCFCDG BC@]LNQ RB

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC

pA GN

Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

NRWIKDLDGIGN

ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) JDFOJC KDLCKI LNIH NQW[IBW (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL (IFG) @NWATL] @NWATL]I[IKNF I[IKNF (IFG) NWATL]I[IKNF (IFG) ][C]TL]I[IKNF (IFG) K^WTL]I[IKNF (IFG) DRCK^WTL]I[IKNF 

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Nxtritc kctëfdbc bcfbnfpA nftrn 2,> n 8,> trigc gis hclais gn Jdfo-

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

N`ulsþns Jäds Brn`ns Lcêþns

Hlucruribdli-> `clnbulir5 B7ApA nftrn >,= n 1,= Hòr`uli HF C 2 ; ; (]@5 92=,=1)

Nlist÷`nrcs sdftätdbcs (prnbdpdtiêâc `dbrcsbòpdbi).

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

W÷fdbcs Lcêþns bipdlirns ilbcòldbis cu Kisns adgrcilbcòldbis adgrcilbcòldbis bc` tncr ibd`i gn >=% Qi`pus n` élbccl. Jäds bipdlirns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi.

 jc kdlcki.

HL^C[^[IBDLI

HCLLDB^RIF®

ZIWN[ ILBCACL GNFIW. (IFG) ]IFWANFTL NWATL NWAN[ (IFG) @DLO ][CWNDFR (LIBWDR ][CWNDF^@) (IFG) LIBWCRN (IFG) DFCRDWCL (IFG) IBNWTL BDRWNDFN (IFG)  IBNWTL @NWATCFDFN @NWATCFDFN (IFG), RCGD^@ BDW[IWN (IFG) BDW[DB IBDG

Hriêâc gnrdvigi gc lndtn, pA nftrn 8,= n :,= GL-ntdlpiftnfcl, dfcsdtcl n i`dfcébdgcs sulhurigcs sulhurigcs..

JLTBN[TL LI^[IWN (IFG) @C[DFJI CLNDHN[I RNNG NQW[IBWNG

@dsturi sdfärjdbi gn ; bc`pcstcs í kisn pA nftrn 7,= n :,= gn pliftis5 Nxtritc gi @crdfji clndhnri Xnjntil n Liuritc gn Jldbnrdfi Xnjntil

H[DCJNL ®

@NFWATL LIBWIWN 

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

GN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

HL^C[C^[IBDLI->

H[NRAIQTLÅ LR 441=

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGI-

pA nftrn ;,= n 7,=

Ästnr gc ébdgc létdbc n

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi

Gnscgcriftn Brn`n piri cs päs Hcr`uliêþns bcftri c cgcr, piri cs budgigcs bcrpcrids n adjdnfn àftd`i ]rnpiriêþns pòs-scl Lcêâc pòs-kirki Lcêâc t÷fdbi bcrpcril Jäds

`nftcl.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]rnpiriêþns piri `issijnfs n adjdnfn pnsscil Rikcfntns

 

49

 

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

ZIWN[ (IFG) JLDBCLDB IBDG (IFG) LIWDB IBDG IFG BDW[DB IBDG

H[^DW IBDG IAI

H[^WIR W[C]DBIDR

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

J.].R® W[NILCRN

RDLIFNW[DCL W[NAILCRN NWAN[

JIW^LDFN® IJN GNHNFRN ;

 E^JLIFR [NJDI (ZILF^W) RN RNNG NG NQW[IBW 

JIW^LDFN®  NQ][NRRDCF

 ILBCACL (IFG) ZIWN ZIWN[ [ (IFG) IB@NLLI CLN[IBNI NQW[IBW 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

pA n` 2,1

@dsturi gn Ilhi-adgrcxdébdgc (bàtrdbc, jldbòldbc n létdbc) n` scluêâc iqucsi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Nxtritc vnjntil jldbnrdfigc bc`pcstc gn5 lirifei, gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,> n >,> ld`âc, tifjnrdfi, ikibixd n Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. `iribueé.

Brn`ns Jäds Lcêþns Qi`pus W÷fdbcs Brn`ns bipdlirns

Kdcitdvc cktdgc gi bcfgnfsiêâc gc `ntdlsdlifcl pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> (sdlàbdc kdclcjdbi`nftn itdvc) bc` u` gdssibiràgnc fituril (trnilcsn).

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir ic ﬉fil gc prcbnssc n n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 2= µB. [nbc`nfgi-sn fâc nxpcr i tn`pnrituris dfhnrdcrns i = µB.

Kisns qun bcftnfai` sids gn bélbdc n élbccds bcfbnftrigcs.

Nxtritc gi Fcz gn JrnfcpA nftrn 7,= n :,= kln gcsigc n` ébdgc hàtdbc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. n pcldhnfòds.

Wncr pigrcfdzigc n` pA nftrn 7,= n :,= dsckutdli`dgis (Rpdliftacl >= `j/L).

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

4;

Brn`ns Qi`pus Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Brn`ns Lcêþns Rärufs Jäds @dbrcn`ulsþns

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I JIW^LDFN® [B N JIW^LDFN® [B KDC

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI ZIWN[ (IFG) HIJ^R RTLXIWDBI K^G NQW[IBW 

JIW^LDFN  RODF [N]ID[ KDC

 ILBCACL (IFG) ZIWN[ ZIWN[ (IFG) CFC]C[G^@  IBIFWAD^@ HLCZN[/LNIH/R HLCZN[/LNIH/RWN@ WN@ NQW[IBW 

JIW^LDFN®  ZADWNFDFJ

JLTBT[[ADUI JLIK[I (LDBC[DBN) [CCW NQW[IBW (IFG) IR]N[JDLL^R HN[@NFW (IFG) NWACQTGDJLTBCL

®

 UDFJDKN[ CHHDBDFILN CHHDBDFILN (JDFJN[ (JDFJN[)) [CCW

JNFJDK[N AJ

JNFJDK[N CL

NQW[IBW 

 UDFJDKN[ CHHDBDFILN CHHDBDFILN (JDFJN[ (JDFJN[)) [CCW NQW[IBW 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

gc krctc gi pA nftrn 7,= n :,= Nxtriàgc Hijus sdlvitdbi.

pA nftrn 2,= n 9=,=

Nxtritc adgrcilbcòldbc gn  Cfcpcrgu` ibiftadu`.

@dsturi gn u`i hriêâc pcr hnr`nftiêâc pA nftrn 7,= n 7,> cktdgi (ébdgcs oòedbc n létdbc) n Ldbcrdbn.

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Rärufs Jäds @dbrcn`ulsþns

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Nxtritc vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= ldbc gn jnfjdkrn. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

vnjntil clncsc gn pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc jnfjdkrn.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Qi`pus Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Rärufs Brn`ns Lcêþns   [nbc`nfgi-sn utdldzir iftdcxdgiftn gn hisn iqucsi (nx.5 `ntikdssul﬉tc gn sògdc). Gnscgcriftns Qi`pus Rikcfntns ]rnpiriêþns piri adjdnfn pnsscil Gnscgcriftns Brn`ns bcrpcrids Qi`pus Rikcfntns ]rnpiriêþns piri `issijn`

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

42

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I JN[ËFDC AJ

JN[ËFDC CL

JDFOJC KDLCKI AJ

JDFRNFJ AJ

JLIGKIBO ®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

]NLI[JCFD^@ J[IXNCLNFR NQW[IBW 

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc ldbc gn jnrëfdc. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]NLI[JCFD^@ J[IXNCLNFR NQW[IBW 

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtri Nxtritc tc clncsc clncsc gn jnrëf jnrëfdc dc.. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

JDFOJC KDLCKI LNIH NQW[IBW 

W÷fdbcs Jäds Rikcfntns làqudgcs Qi`pus Brn`ns Jäds Lcêþns Qi`pus Rikcfntns ]rnpiriêþns piri c biknlc ]rnpiriêþns piri c budgigc gc rcstc n bcrpc

Nxtritc vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n 8,= ldbc gn Jdfojc kdlcki. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]IFIQ JDFRNFJ [CCW NQW[IBW 

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= Nxtritc ldbc gn jdfsnfj. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Cktdgc i pirtdr gn hriêâc purd﬉bigi gn u` hufjc gnfc`dfigc ]crdi bcbcs, gi hi`àldi ]clypcribnin, rdbc n` pcldssibiràgncs (>8%), hcr`igc pcr bigndis gn 9,2-ι-jlubi- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> fcs qun rnbnkn c fc`n ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. gn ]ibay`if. Wi`kä` bcftä` gnrdvigcs trdtnrpåfdbcs n bnrbi gn 9> i`dfcébdgcs, dfbludfgc ébdgc ispértdbc, snrdfi n vildfi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Qi`pus Rikcfntns làqudgcs Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n @iqudijn` ]rcgutcs piri budgigc sclir, pòs-scl n isscbdigc í hctcprctntcrns tòpdbcs ]rcgutcs gnstdfigcs ic budgigc gn jnstiftns n libtiftns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir ic ﬉fil gc prcbnssc n n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i >= µB.

47

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R) Jnl gn Birkcpcl®, ®

JLDBCNRHN[IR GN XDWI@DFI B®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

®

]n`ulnf W[9bc`  cu ﬉ltrcs W[; . Fifcpirtàbulis sòldgis  Isscbdiêþns igiptigis piri nstikdldzir hàsdbcs (gdòxdgc gn tdtëfdc pA nftrn ;,= n 7,= i Xdti`dfi B puri (L-ébdgc n òxdgc gn zdfbc) n isbòrkdbc). ijnftns fnutrildziftns ipòs i igdêâc gis jldbcshnris í hcr`uliêâc.

hrnn ® Lcêâc brn`n®,cdlFNW-HR Jnl gn cu Fitrcscl Brn`n Qild﬉f 9>® [nbc`nfgi-sn igdbdcfir NGWI n =,>% gn `ntikdssul﬉tc gn sògdc.

JL^BCFCLIBWCFI

G-JL^BCFC-9,>-LIBWCFN 

]cld-adgrcxdébdgc J7 ]cld-adgrcxdébdgc pA nftrn 2,> n 7,> Gnlti-libtcfi gc ébdgc jlub÷fdbc.

JLTBCHDL@®

KDCRIBBAI[DG GN N J^@ 

pA nftrn ;,= n 9;,=

]cldssibiràgnc ifd÷fdbc bc` iltc pnsc `clnbulir.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

JLTBCRIF BC]IÀKI®

BTBLCGNQW[DF (IFG) BC]IDHN[I CHHDBDFILDR (KILRI@ BC]IÀKI) [NRDF 

pA n` >,>

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

JLTBC-[N]ID[®

ZIWN[ (IFG) ATG[CLTUNG BN[IWCFDI RDLDY^I RNNG NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn ;,= n 9=,=

Bdblcgnxtrdfis bc` òlnc gn bcpiàki. ]rcgutc gn crdjn` fituril rdbc n` cldjcjilibtc`iftifis purd﬉bigis gis

Jäds Brn`ns Lcêþns N`ulsþns Rärufs Brn`ns Lcêþns brn`csis Jäds-brn`n Rärufs Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Ä bc`pitàvnl bc` pclà`nrcs n n`ulsd﬉biftns ifd÷fdbcs, bitd÷fd-

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

sn`nftnssdldqui. gi ilhirrckndri Bnritcfdi

J[I]NH[^DW AJ

J[IQDCF CL

BDW[^R J[IFGDR (J[I]NH[^DW) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,> n >,> ldbc gn jripnhrudt . ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

CLNTL ILBCACL

pA nftrn >,= n 1,=

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Clnyl Ilbcacl 

 

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

bcs n fâc d÷fdbcs Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Rikcfntns ]rnpiriêþns qunritclàtdbis Nshcldiftns N`ulsþns

4>

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

AID[ IBWDXN®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

AID[HDW ON[IWDF   ]L^R ®

ATG[CLDUNG ON[IWDF IFG ]CLTY^IWN[FD^@ 

AID[HDW ON[IWDF®

ATG[CLDUNG ON[IWDF 

AI@I@ÄLDR AJ

AI@I@NLDR XD[JDFDIFI (ZDWBA AIUNL) LNIH NQW[IBW 

AI]]TKNLLN-]N®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

pA nftrn >,= n 9=,=

 Itdvc nxtriàgc gc trn`cêc trn`cêc (Lupdfus ilkus), rdbc n` Rcluêâc adgrcilbcòldbi pnptàgncs jluti`dfigcs, tncr ibd`i gn 7=% vdti`dfis (]] cu K2 n K>) bc` n` ntifcl. n cldjcnln`nftcs (Uf, Bu n Hn).

Cktdgc gi `dsturi gi adgròldsn gi qunritdfi gc biknlc au`ifc n gc pcldpA nftrn 7,= n 1,= quitnrfdu`. Nssi `dsturi Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ä rdbi n` jldbdfi, bdstdfi, ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. bdstnàfi n i`dfcébdgcs nssnfbdids. Cktdgc pcr adgròldsn gi qunritdfi gc biknlc au`ifc. Ä rdbc n` jldbdfi, Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 1,= bdstdfi n bdstnàfi, i`dfcébdgcs nssnfbdids ics ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. biknlcs.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Qi`pu kisn Rcluêâc adgrcilbcòldbi itä 7=% gn élbccl Lcêþns t÷fdbis Jäds ]rcgutcs lnivn-cf Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Brn`ns Lcêþns bcrpcrids Rikcfntn n` kirri n làqudgc Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Brn`ns Lcêþns bcrpcrids Rikcfntn n` kirri n làqudgc

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> Nxtritc ldbc gn ai`i`älds. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Gnscgcriftns Qi`pus W÷fdbcs

Bc`pcstc gn ﬉tcnfgcr﬉fis nxtriàgis gc Xdtnx  ijfus bistus bistus prctnjdgis pA nftrn 2,= n 1,= n` bdblcgnxtrdfis qun nstâc nfbipsuligis n` ldpcssc`is.

Jäds Jäds-brn`n N`ulsþns ifd÷fdbis cu fâc d÷fdbis [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir i hrdc.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

48

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I ANLDCNQDFN

®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

ANLDIFWA^R IFF^^R (R^FHLCZN[) RNNG NQW[IBW 

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Nxtriàgc i pirtdr gis gn jdrisscl, pA nftrn >,= n 8,= sn`nftns bc`pcstc prdfbdpil`nftn gn pcldhnfòds

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

]rnpiriêþns qun bcftnfai` tncr ibd`i gn

]rnpiriêþns piri hctcprctnêâc hctcprctnêâc..

7=% n` élbccl.

RCGD^@ IB[TLIWNR BC]]CLT@N[ (IFG) ATG[CJNFIWNG ]CLTDRCK^WNFN (IFG) ]ACR]ACLD]DGR (IFG) ]CLTJLTBN[TL-9= RWNI[IWN (IFG) ANLDIFWA^R IFF^^R (R^FHLCZN[) RNNG CDL

pA nftrn ;,= n 9;,=

Bcftä` hcshcldpàgdcs gnrdvigcs gi sn`nftn gn jdrisscl.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]rnpiriêþns bcrpcrids n hibdids

AN@IWDWN®

AN@IWDWN NQW[IBW 

 pA nftrn 2,= n 8,=

Nxtritc `dfnril rdbc n` hnrrc.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

ANFFI AJ

LIZRCFDI LIZRC FDI DFN[@DR (ANFFI) NQW[IBW 

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc ldbc gn anffi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

AN[I AJ

ANGN[I ANLDQ (DXT) NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> Nxtritc vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldbc gn anri. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns [nstiurigcrns ]rctntcrns sclirns W÷fdbcs Brn`ns Lcêþns Brn`ns Jäds Lcêþns Qi`pus

ANLDCJNL ®

AN[KIRCLM J[NNF WNI

ZIWN[ (IFG) ][C]TLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) BI@NLLDI RDFNFRDR LNIH NQW[IBW 

gis hclais gi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> Nxtritc Bi`nlldi sdfnfsds.

AN[KIRCL ®  ]C@NJ[IFIWN

ZIWN[ (IFG) ][C]TLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ]^FDBI J[IFIW^@ NQW[IBW 

gi ]ufd- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> Nxtritc gis hclais ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. bi jrifitu` (rc`â).

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

 

4:

 

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC

pA GN

N`ulsþns Jäds Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns @ésbiris hibdids ]rcgutcs gn adjdnfn N`ulsþns Jäds ]rcgutcs gn adjdnfn

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGI-

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

ANQIW[IWN

ADKDRB^R AJ

ADG[IRODF® L

ADKDRB^R RIKGI[DHHI HLCZN[ NQW[IBW 

 I@CFD^@ LIBWIWN LIBWIWN (IFG) JLTBN[TF JLTBN[TF (IFG) ][C]DLN JLTBCL (IFG) K^WDLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ]CLTNWADLNFN JLTBCL

NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

pA gn nstikdldgign5 4,=

Bc`pcstc pcr5 bdtritc gn trdprcpdlnfcjldbcl, trdprcpdlnfc jldbcl, bdtritc gn ilu`àfdc, hnfdlntifcl, jlubi`dfi, bc`pcfnftns Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi gn òlncs nssnfbdids gn Rifgilwccg cdl, Bcrdifgnr cdl, [csn cdl, Ayibdfta cdl

GN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

pA nftrn ;,= n 7,= Nxtritc vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldbc gn adkdsbus. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

jldbnrdfii Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= @dsturi gn jldbòds, jldbnrdf n libtitc gn i`÷fdc. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

41

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) N`ulsþns n jäds n` spriy  cu  cu ﬋udgcs ^tdldzir NGWI =,;% bc`c iftdcxdgiftn fis hcr`uliêþns hcr`uliêþns.. Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds adgritiftns n rnvdtildziftns rnvdtildziftns.. Hcr`uliêþns piri pnnldfj, blirnigcrns n rnfcviêâc gi pnln Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns ]rnpiriêþns piri triti`nftc sclir N`ulsþns brn`csis gc tdpc C/I cu I/C Lcêþns brn`csis Lndtns ]rctntcrns sclirns Lcêþns pòs-scl Rdstn`is cdl hrnn Jäds ]rcgutcs bipdlirns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi n n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 1= ½B.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

ADG[C-KDC ®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

ADG[CXDWIL®

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Bc`pcstc gn sukstëfbdis `cgnrigi`nftn adjrcsbòn pcssud bipibdgign Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n :,= pdbis gn rntnfêâc gn u`dgign ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. pròxd`i ic Hitcr gn AdgritiêâcFituril (F@H).

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

ADG[CY^DFCFI

BC@]CRDÊÂC

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Brn`ns gn triti`nftc N`ulsþns adgritiftns, @ésbiris hibdids Lcêþns rnvdtildziftns

Lcêþns cu brn`ns ifd÷fdbcs (Lifnttn®) 9,7-knfznfcgdcl 9,7-knfznfcg dcl cu piri- Brn`n fâc d÷fdbc, Jnl gn Fitrcscl® qun fâc aiei i pA nftrn 2,= n 7,= gdadgrcxdknfznfc. gdignr`dfi, jnl ifd÷fdbc [nbc`nfgi-sn Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 dfbcrpcriêâc n` quiftdgigns n lcêâc fâc d÷fdbi. B8A8C; (]@5 99=,99) supnrdcrns i 7% pcrqun dfstikdldzi i kisn Qild﬉f 9> ®.

ATG[CY^DFCFN 

^[NDI (IFG) ]BI-FI (IFG) RCGD^@ LIBWIWN (IFG) H[^BWCRN (IFG) LIBWCRN (IFG) BCLLIJNF (IFG) ]IFWNFCL ]IFWNFCL (IFG)  I[JDFDFN (IFG) RN[DFN RN[DFN (IFG) ][CLDFN (IFG) JLDBDFI (IFG) ILIFDFI (IFG) LDRDFI (IFG) ÉBDGC JL^WË@DBC (IFG)  ÉBDGC IR]É[WDBC IR]É[WDBC (IFG) W[NCFDFI W[NCFDFI (IFG) B[NIWDFI B[NIW DFI (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL (IFG) ][C]DLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) @NWATL/NWATL (IFG) ][C]TL/K^WATL ]I[IKNF (IFG) G@G@ ATGIFWCDF (IFG) ZI ZIWN[ WN[

Bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi5 libtitc gn sògdc, pcldntdlnfcjldbcl, jldbnrcl, ébdgc létdbc, sulhitc gn bcfgrcdtdfi, sulhitc gn onritif, prcpdlnfcjldbcl, prcpdlnfcj ldbcl, birki`dgi, gnxtrcsn, sibircsn, hrutcsn, libtcsn, adgrcxdprcldfi, ébdgc ispértdbc, trncfdfi, Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n :,= snrdfi, ébdgc jlutë`dbc, ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. prcldfi, jldbdfi, ilifdfi, vildfi, `ntdcfdfi, dsclnubdfi, lnubdfi, tdrcsdfi, hnfdlilifdfi, adgrcxdprcldfi, adgrcxdprcldf i, adstdgdfi, ldsdfi, irjdfdfi, blcrntc gn sògdc, hnfcxdntifcl, piriknfcs n blcrntc gn pctéssdc.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds

 

44

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI ^[NDI (IFG) ]BI-FI (IFG) RCGD^@ LIBWIWN (IFG) H[^BWCRN (IFG) LIBWCRN (IFG) BCLLIJNF (IFG) ]IFWNFCL ]IFWNFCL (IFG)  I[JDFDFN (IFG) RN[DFN RN[DFN (IFG) ][CLDFN

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

N`ulsþns

ADG[CXDWIL® ]L^R

(IFG) JLDBDFI (IFG) ILIFDFI (IFG) LDRDFI (IFG) ÉBDGC JL^WË@DBC JL^WË@DBC (IFG)  ÉBDGC IR]É[WDBC IR]É[WDBC (IFG) W[ W[NCFDFI NCFDFI (IFG) B[NIWDFI B[NIW DFI (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL (IFG) ][C]DLNFNJLTBCL (IFG) @NWATL/NWATL (IFG) ][C]TL/K^WATL ]I[IKNF (IFG) G@G@ ATGIFWCDF (IFG) ZIWN[

pA nftrn 2,> n :,= Bc`plnxc gn sustëfbdis adjrcsbòpdbis.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

@ésbiris hibdids Lcêþns Jäds

]cssud bc`pcfnftns gc

Fituril @cdsturdzdfj Hibtcr  

ADG[CXDWCF ®

ADL^[LD]Å

ZIWN[ (IFG) RCGD^@ LIBWIWN (IFG) LIBWDB IBDG (IFG) JL JLTBN[DF TBN[DF (IFG) RN[DFN (IFG) RC[KDWCL (IFG) WNILIBWIWN (IFG) W[DNWAIFCLI@DFN (IFG) ^[NI (IFG) RCGD^@ BALC[DGN (IFG) LI^[TL GDNWATLNFNGDI@DFCJLTBDFN (IFG) ILLIFWCDF (IFG) LI^[TL  I@DFC][C]TLJLTB  I@DFC][C]TLJ LTBDFN DFN (IFG) ILBCACL DRCANQIGNBIFN (IFG) KDR-]NJ-/]]JKDR-]NJ-/]]J97/97 GD@NWADBCFN (IFG) NWATLNFN/  ][C]TLNFN/RWT[NFN BC]CLT@N[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN/NWATLNFN/RWT[NFN K^WTLNFN/NWATLNFN/RWT[NFN BC]CLT@N[ (IFG) BTBLC]NFWIRDLCQIFN (IFG) RCGD^@ ATIL^[CFIWN (IFG)  QIFWAIF J^@ (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL (IFG) W[D]N]WDGN-9

(F@H) cu Hitcr gn Adgritiêâc Fituril (HAF). pA nftrn 2,> n 7,> Ä bc`pcstc gn pnftdlnfcjldbcl, pnftdlnfcjldbc l, jldbnrdfi, libtitc gn sògdc, ébdgc létdbc, snrdfi, urndi, scrkdtcl, blcrntc gn sògdc, iliftcàfi n éjui.

]rnbdpdti n` scluêþns qun bcftnfai` élbccl ibd`i gn 8=%.

Ruspnfsâc clncsi bc` pirtàbulis `dbrcfdzigis gn Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= adilurcfitc gn sògdc, gi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi crgn` gn 9 μ`

9==

Brn`ns Lcêþns Racwnr jnl

Aidr rnpidrnr n xi`pus

Rikcfntns @ion-up W÷fdbcs W÷fdbcs hhibdids ibdids Brn`ns gn kirknir n ihtnrsaivn

N`ulsþns, jäds ifd÷fdbcs n fâc d÷fdbcs, pcrä` rnbc`nfgi-sn c usc gn kisns bc`c Qild﬉f 9>®,

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

AC@NCRWIWDFNÅ

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

ZIWN[ (IY^I) (IFG) JLTBN[DF (IFG) NFWN[C@C[]AI BC@][NRRI NQW[IBW (IFG) BINRIL]DFDI R]DFCRI J^@ 

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

 Isscbdiêâc gn pnftisFâc gnsbrdti(s) fi `irdfac gn pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> sibiràgnc Nftnrc`crpai bc`prnssi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. (@]R) n c jilibtc`ififc gi Binsilpdfdi spdfcsi. Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

ACRWI]CF BBJ

RCGD^@ BCBCTL JL^WI@IWN 

pA nftrn >,= n 1,>

A]R2® (]IGDFI ]IX×FDBI)

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Hcr`uliêþns bcftnfgc pA nftrn 7,> n 1,= Nxtritc gn ]igdfi pivcfdbi  sdldbcfns gn iltc pnsc (L.) Wadvy. `clnbulir.

ATILC]C[DFN®

ATG[CLTUNG XDCLI W[DBCLC[ NQW[IBW 

pA nftr nftrnn 2,> 2,> n :, :,== Kdcitd Kdcitdvvcs cs ggii vdclnt vdclnti. i.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG)  IL]DFDI JILIFJI JILIFJI LNIH NQW NQW[IBW [IBW (IFG)  QIFWAIF J^@ (IFG) BI][TLDB/BI][ BI][TLDB/BI][DB DB W[DJLTBN[DGN 

Nxtritc vnjntil gis hclais pA nftrn >,= n :,= gi Jilifji ( Ilpdfdi  Ilpdfdi ji lifji),

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

ATIL^HDQÅ JL

ATIQNL®

RDLIFNW[DCLL (IFG) ATIL^[CFDB IBDG (IFG) RDLIFNW[DC

Rcgdu` bcbcyl jluti`itn

Bc`pcstc gn ébdgc pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> adilur÷fdbc gn kidxc pnsc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi `clnbulir vntcrdzigc pnlc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. sdlifcl, sdlifntrdcl n éjui.

ZIWN[

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Brn`ns Lcêþns N`ulsþns Rärufs Jäds Rikcfntns @cussns bc` cu sn` nfxéjun Qi`pus Brn`n Acstibnrdf® BJ Jnl-brn`n Acstibnrdf® RIH Rärufs gn I`djnl® [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir i hrdc. Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n @ésbiris ]rcgutcs dfhiftds Rnru` gn prnnfbad`nftc hibdil Hcr`uliêþns iftdijdfj n` jnril. N`ulsþns Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jnl-brn`n Rärufs

 

9=9

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) @cussns gn ld`pnzi

ATG[I-]CLT@N[ E[Q®

]CLTY^IWN[FD^@ 9= (IFG) ]NJ-97@ (IFG) ZIWN[.

 gn pclà`nrcs `ultd- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi  gn pA nftrn 8,> n 8,> Klnfg  hufbdcfids. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Qi`pus Rikcfntns làqudgcs Bcfgdbdcfigcrns @ésbiris bipdlirns Brn`ns gn pnftnir N`ulsþns Jäds

ATG[IWDCF [email protected].

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Bc`plnxc gn `itnrdids bc`pcstc gn sukstëfbdis `cgnrigi`nftn adjrcs- Kisns qun bcftnfai` qun pcssun` ibd`i gn 8=% gn pA nftrn 7,= n :,= bòpdbis bipibdgign gn rntnfêâc ntifcl. gn u`dgign pròxd`i ic “Hitcr gn Adgritiêâc Fituril‐.

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

ATG[IW-DF :;A

ZIWN[ (IY^I) (IFG) JLTBN[DF (IFG) BINRIL]DFDI R]DFCRI J^ (IFG) ATG[CLTUNG BINRIL]DFDI R]DFCRI J^F 

ATG[C@IFDL

Hriêâc itdvi cktdgi gis ridzns gc rudkirkc ([anu` Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,> n 4,=  raipcftdbu`), pigrcfdzigc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi n` ripcftdbdfi. Bc`pcstc gn pnftissibiràgnc `irdfac gn Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> Nftnrc`crpai bc`prnssi (@]R) n jilib- ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. tc`ififc gi Binsilpdfdi  spdfcsi.

9=;

N`ulsþns @ésbiris hibdids Lcêþns Jäds Dfõ`nris cutris hcr`is bcs`ätdbis [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i := µB. Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n Jäds gn kifac Lndtns bcrpcrids Qi`pu W÷fdbcs bipdlirns Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I ATG[CQT][CLDRDLIFN BF®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

@NWATLRDLIFCLL ATG[CQT][CLDFN @NWATLRDLIFC  IR]I[WIWN   IR]I[WI WN 

ATJ[C]LNQ

ANQTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) H[^BWCRN (IFG) JL^BCRN (IFG) R^B[CRN (IFG) ^[NI (IFG) GNQW[DF (IFG) ILIFDFN (IFG) JL^WI@DB IBDG (IFG) IR]I[WDB IBDG (IFG) ANQTL FDBCWDFIWN 

DGK-LDJAW

ZIWN[ (IFG) ATG[CQTGNBTL ^KDY^DFCFN (IFG) LNBDWADF (IFG) KNWIRDWCRWN[CLL (IFG) QIFWAIF J^@ (IFG) RDWCRWN[C BACFG[^R B[DR]^R (BI[[IJNNFIF) (IFG) ATG[CJNFIWNG LNBDWADF (IFG) ATG[CJNFIWNG ]ACR]AIWDGGTLBACLDFN (IFG) GDRCGD^@ NGWI (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL (IFG) @NWATL] @NWATL]I[IKNF I[IKNF (IFG) NWATL]I[IKNF (IFG) ][C]TL]I[IKNF (IFG) K^WTL]I[IKNF (IFG) DRCK^WTL]I[IKNF (IFG) BI][TLTL JLTBCL

®

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

adgrcxdprcldfitc adgrcxdprcldfitc pA nftrn 2,> n 8,>  Ispirtitc gn `ntdlsdlifcl.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

N`ulsþns Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs

pA nftrn 7,> n 1,=

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Wcgis is kisns.

Fâc gns gnsbrd brdti(s) ti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`n Qild﬉f 9>® Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` Fitrcscl®.

pA nftrn 2,= i 1,=

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Dgn Dgnknf knfcfi cfi ldp ldpcss cssc`i c`igi. gi.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

9=2

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

DGNKNFCFI ]Ò

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

ATG[CQTGNBTL ^KDY^DFCFN 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

 Iprnsnfti nstruturi nstruturi quà`dbi sd`dlir í gi Bcnfzd`i-Y9=, pcrä` bc` u` pnsc `clnbulir 8=% `nfcr. gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 8,= n :,= Fc`n quà`dbc5 ;-(9=-Ay- Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. grcxygnbyl)->,8-gd`ntacxy-2-`ntayl-p-knfzcqudfcfn. Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B94A2=C> (]@5 221,77). ]nptàgnc cktdgc pcr kdctnbfclcjdi pnli täbfdbi Kisns qun fâc bcf-

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

[nbc`nfgi-sn igdbdcfir NGWI gdssògdbc i =,9%, KAW i =,=>% n Xdti`dfi N clncsi i 9% bc`c iftdcxdgiftn gi hcr`uliêâc.  Igdbdcfir bc`c ijnftn sclukdldsclukdldziftn u` ästnr cu òlnc vnjntil.

Jnl gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXB

DG]-;

GNBI]N]WDGN ‒ 7

D@^GDLDF ®

JL^WI@TLI@DGCNWATL D@DGIUCLN (IFG) JL^WI@TLI@DGCNWATL ZIWN[

DFAD]IRNÅ

ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ]^N[I[DI LCKIWI NQW[IBW 

DFRWIK[CFUN

GDATG[CQTIBNWCFN GDATG[CQTI BNWCFN (IFG) IBNWTL WT[CRDFN (IFG) BCC]N[ JL^BCFIWN 

gn prcguêâc gn prctnàfis tnfscitdvcs n pA nftrn >.= n :.= rnbc`kdfiftns n ipòs c tnfai` quiftdgign ibd`i gn prcbnssc gn dscli`nftc n 2=% gn élbccl. purd﬉biêâc bipsuligcs.sâc fifcnfRcluêâc iqucsi nstévnl gn u` psnugcpnptàgnc ifélcjc ic Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,= sdftätdbc fituril. Ä u` pnptdgnc`d- ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. `ätdbc gnrdvigc gc ébdgc jlutë`dbc. Nxtritc vnjntil nlikcrigc gis riàzns gi Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n 1,= itriväs vdgndri gn Ougzu (]unrirdi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi  lckiti [cct Nxtribt)  Itdvc gnrdvigc gn tdrcsdfi tdrcsdfi kdcgdspcfàvnl n GAI.

pA >,=

Kisns qun bcftnfai` i`dfcébdgcs ldvrns.

9=7

Jnl-brn`n gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXL Jnl-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® RIH Jnl gn I`djnl®

Rärufs gn triti`nftc dftnfsdvc N`ulsþns gn usc fcturfc Jäds adgritiftns Lcêþns nstd`uliftns Hcr`uliêþns piri pnnldfj,  gnspdj`nftiftns,, `ésbiris gnspdj`nftiftns bil`iftns, prcgutcs pòs-scl, pòs- pnnldfj  pnnldfj, pòs-lisnr N`ulsþns C/I

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

DCGCW[IW®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

pA nftrn nftrn 8,= 8,= n 1,= Dcgc Dcgc crj crjëfd ëfdbc bc i`àfd i`àfdbc. bc.

WNI-ATG[CDCGDGN 

ZIWN[ (IFG) ZANIW (W[DWDB^@ X^LJI[N) (IFG) JN[@N NQW[IBW (IFG) RIBBAI[C@TBNR BN[NXDRIN NQW[IBW (IFG) RCGD^@ ATIL^[CFIWN 

D[DBIL@DF

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

À[DR DRC

K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) D[DR HLC[NFWDFI [CCW NQW[IBW 

DRCBNLL® BDW[^R

ZIWN[ (IFG) ILBCACL (IFG) LNBDWADF (IFG) JLTBN[DF (IFG) BDW[^R @NGDBI LD@CF^@ H[^DW NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn >,> i 4,=

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Bc`plnxc gn kdcpclà`nrc kdcpclà`nrcss gn bc`pcfnftns prd`érdcs Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. crdjdfigcs gn pliftis n brdigcs pcr kdctnbfclcjdi.

Nxtritc adgrcjldbòldbc gn Drds ﬋crnftdfi bcftnfgc pA nftrn >,= n ﬉tcnstròjnfcs gc jrupc Gdignr`dfi. 9=,= gcs jldbcsàgncs ﬋ivcfcàgdbcs (jdfnstnàfi gn 9,; j i ;,; j/L). Nxtritc gn kdc﬋ivcfcdgns gi bisbi gc ld`âc n` Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n :,= `dbrcnfbipsuligcs `n`krifi kdc`d`ätdbi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. qun iprnsnfti hcshcldpàgdcs fiturids.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds n jäds-brn`n gn quilqunr fiturnzi d÷fdbi Jnl gn ]lurdjnl® Brn`n Qild﬉f 9>® ]rnpiriêþns pòs-scl, pòsgnpdliêâc, pòs-kirki pòs-kirki n piri prctnêâc. [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 8= µB cu i hrdc. Lcêâc Fdoocldpdg 19R bc` Fitrcscl® Brn`n ]iri`ul E®

]rcgutcs gnspdj`nftiftns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB.

DRCBNLL® BDW[^R

ZIWN[ (IFG) ILBCACL (IFG) LNBDWADF (IFG) JLTBN[DF (IFG) BDW[^R @NGDBI LD@CFD^@ (LN@CF) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

gn Bdtrus `ngdbi  pA nftrn 7,= n :,= Nxtritc ldpcssc`igc.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds

EIKC[IFGD @DB[C]ATLL^R AJ

]DLCBI[]^R @DB[C]ATLL^R NQW[IBW 

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc ldbc gn eikcrifgd. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

W÷fdbcs Qi`pus

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

9=>

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I EIKC[IFGD ]NFFIWDHCLD^R AJ

E^XNFDLN®

ODJNLDFN®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

]DLCBI[]^R ]NFFIWDHCLD^R LNIH NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= ldbc gn eikcrifgd. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]rcgutcs piri triti`nftc bipdlir Lcêþns Brn`ns Qi`pus

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

 Itdvc gnrdvigc gis ﬋crns gn rc`â (]ufdbi jrifitu` gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n 1,= ﬋cwnr nxtribt  ) n gi Xdti- Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi `dfi B (Rcgdu` Isbcrkyl ]acspaitn).

N`ulsþns n` jnril Jäds Rärufs Fâc iqunbnr ibd`i gn 7= µB

Nxtritc gn ihrdbifi  Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> n` éjui nOdjnldi jldbcl-kutdlnfc. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Jäds Lcêþns Brn`ns

ODJNLDI IH[DBIFI H[^DW NQW[IBW 

Jäds n n`ulsþns ifd÷fdbcs n fâc d÷fdbcs N`ulsâc Qild﬉f® N`ulsâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` Fitrcscl® N`ulsâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` ]lurdjnl®

ODFNWDF L®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

N`ulsâc Fdoocldpdg 19R® bc` Fitrcscl® Ldpcssc`is plurdli`nlirns Rcluêþns bcftnfgc Jnl gn ]lurdjnl® gn Ignfdf®, élbccl dscprcpàldbc cu pA nftrn 7,1 n 1,= bc`pcstcs Brn`n Fdoocldpdg 19R®bc` ébdgc ilhi ldpcdbc n XB scluêþns adgrcilbcòldbis adgrcilbcòldbis. . ]lurdjnl® ® -]@J . Lcêâc ]iri`ul E® [nbc`nfgi-sn fâc iqunbnr. Nvdtir i isscbdiêâc cu `ns`c fâc utdldzir ibd`i gn ;=% gn tncr ilbcòldbc. ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5 Irjdrnld-

 fn® , G@IN, [ihhnr`dfn [ihhnr`dfn® , Wn Wnfsdfsd fn® n Rtrubturdfn®.

9=8

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

ODZD AJ

OÒEDBC GD]IL@DWIWC

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

 IBWDFDGDI BADFNFRDR BADFNFRDR (ODZD) H[ H[^DW ^DW NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,> n >,> ldbc gn odwd. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]rcgutcs adgritiftns n rnstiurigcrns Bcfgdbdcfigcrn Bcfgdbdcfigcrnss ]rnpiriêþns piri triti`nftc sclir Qi`pus Brn`ns Lcêþns Krcfznigcrns

OCEDB GD]IL@DWI G D]IL@DWIWN  WN 

;-pil`dtcylcxy`ntayl>-pil`dtcylcxy-ι-pdrcfi gc ébdgc oòedbc pA nftrn 7,= n 4,= Ästnr ilti`nftn nstévnl Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B21A88C8

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Jäds Lcêþns

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns brn`csis adgrcilbcòldbis cu t÷fdbis Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns ]rcgutcs bipdlirns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 2> µB.

Gdignr`dfi n jnl gn birk÷`nrc.

]c`igis Brn`ns Jäds gn Fitrcscl® cu gn Birkcxd`ntdlbnlulcsn

Ldqucr Birkcf Gntnrjnfs,

L.B.G.

LDY^C[ BI[KCF GNWN[JNFR

L-ÉBDGC LÉWDBC

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

 ÉBDGC ;-ADG[ÒQD][C]IFCDBC ;-ADG[ÒQD][C]IFCDBC

cktdgc pcr `ibnriêâc gc bciltir cu ilbitrâc gi aulai bc` tdfturi gn pA nftrn 1,= n qudlidi. 9=,=  Ituil`nftn ä cktdgc pcr `ibnriêâc n pnrbcliêâc gc bciltir bc` élbccl ntàldbc n tnfscitdvcs fâc d÷fdbcs.  Ébdgc Létdbc L(+) Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 pA nftrn 2,> n 7,= B A C 2 8 2 (]@5 4=,=1)

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

9=:

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

LIBWIWC GN I@×FDC

LIBWDL®

LIBWCHDLÅ @CDRW

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

 I@@CFD^@ LIBWIWN  LIBWIWN 

RCGD^@ LIBWIWN (IFG) RCGD^@ ]BI (IFG) JL JLTBDFN TBDFN (IFG) H[^BWCRN (IFG) ^[NI (IFG) FDIBDFI@DGI (IFG) DFCRDWCL (IFG) RCGD^@ KNFUCIWN (IFG) LIBWDB IBDG

LIBWCRN (IFG) ZANT ][CWNDF 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

pA `nfcr qun 8,=

BC@]CRDÊÂC Gnrdvigc gc Ébdgc L-Létdbc. Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B2A4FC2 (]@5 9=:,99)

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

@dsturi gn u`nbtiftns sd`dlirns ic Hitcr gn Adgritiêâc Fituril gi pnln au`ifi n bc`pcstc, prdfbdpil`nftn,, gn libtitc Jnl gn Birkcpcl®. pA nftrn >,> n 1,> prdfbdpil`nftn n ]BI sògdbc (;-pyrrcldgcfn->-birkcfdbdb ibdg), ldgcfn->-birkcf jldbdfi, urndi, fdibdfi`dgi, ébdgc létdbc, dfcsdtcl, knfzcitc gn sògdc n hrutcsn. Bcrrnspcfgn í hriêâc prctndbi bcfbnftrigi gc scrc gc lndtn, cktdgi i pA nftrn >,> n :,= pirtdr gi prnbdpdtiêâc gn

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Lcêâc cu brn`n cdl hrnn. Brn`ns n lcêþns gnr`itclòjdbis Hcr`uliêþns adgritiftns N`ulsþns iftdijdfj Qi`pus Rikcfntns làqudgcs [nbc`nfgi-sn gdsscluêâc prävdi i hrdc n` éjui piri pcstnrdcr dfbcrpcriêâc. Jnl gn ]lurdjnl® n gn Fitrcscl® N`ulsþns Qild﬉f 9>® ]iri`ul E® Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` ]lurdjnl®  n Fitrcscl® Fdoocldpdg 19R® bc` ]lurdjnl® Qi`pu gdérdc n bcfgdbdcfigcr W÷fdbcs W÷fdbcs hhibdids ibdids Brn`ns n lcêþns fâc d÷fdbcs [nbc`nfgi-sn i sui dfbcrpcriêâc n` tn`pnrituri t n`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7> ½B. N`ulsþns  Jäds

LIBWCHDLÅ RNFRDWDXN

LIBWCRN (IFG) FCFHIW G[T @DLO (IFG) ZANT ][CWNDF 

bisnàfis. C bcftnõgc gn libtcsn adgritigi ä gn :=% i :>%. Bcrrnspcfgn í hriêâc prctndbi gc scrc gc pA nftrn >,> n :,= lndtn nfrdqunbdgi bc` prctnàfis, lndtn n` pò n bisnàfis.

Rdstn`is surhibtiftns

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

9=1

N`ulsþns Jäds Hdr`igcrns hibdids

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

LIBWCODFN HL^DG®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn nftrn 8,= n ::,=. ,=. Bdtcq Bdtcqudfis udfis ccktdg ktdgis is gc lndttn. n. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

@DLO ][CWNDF 

LIBWC@DGN

@DLO LD]DGR (IFG) BN[I@DGN 2

LIBWCRCL

ATG[CLTUNG @DLO ][CWNDF (IFG) LIBWCRN 

LI@DFIBWDFN ®

JLTBN[DF (IFG) IY^I (IFG) LTRCLNBDWADF (IFG) ]N[DLLI H[^WNRBNFR (]N[DLLI) RNNG CDL

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Jnl-brn`n adgritiftn bc` Acstibnrdf® RIH N`ulsâc bc` Acstibnrdf® FBK Jäds gn I`djnl® cu Irdstc﬋nx®   IXB Brn`ns bc` Acstibnrdf® BJ N`ulsþns Jäds Rärufs Lcêþns

Hcr`uliêþns prä n pòsdfhiftds, blirnigcris, piri pnnldfj pnlns, snfsàvnds ntb. ]rnpiriêþns bcs`ätdbis utdldzigis piri iftdnfvnlanbd`nf iftdnfvnlanbd`nftc, tc, Gdspnrsâc ldpcssc`igi rnjnfnrigcris gn pnln, adgritifbnri`dgi-2, Kisns qun bcftnfai` tns n tnfscris. pA nftrn >,= n :,> bcftnfgc issd` bc`c hcshitdgdlnti- ntifcl. [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fcli`dfi n hcshitdgdlbcldfi. tiftc fi hisn clncsi quiftc fi hisn iqucsi gi prnpiriêâc n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 8= ½B. Brn`ns Lcêþns piri rcstc n bcrpc Rcluêâc gnrdvigi gc lndtn kcvdfc adgrcldsigc. ]rnpiriêþns sclirns Bcftä` birkcdgritcs, Fâc gnsbrdti fi ldtnrituri Qi`pus pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= sids `dfnrids, pnptàgncs n bcfsultigi. Bcfgdbdcfigcrns bipdlirns i`dfcébdgcs gnrdvigcs gn [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` prctnàfis. tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i :> µB. gn sn`nftn gn ]nrdlli Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= Òlnc hrutnfbnfs. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds

 

9=4

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

LIFIKL^N®

 ILJIN NQW[IBW  NQW[IBW  (IFG) RC[KDWCL

pA nftrn 7,> n 1,> Nxtritc gn iljis bdifchàbdis.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

LIFIBA[TR®

BA[TRIFWANLL^@ DFGDB^@ NQW[IBW  BA[TRIFWANLL^@ (IFG) ][C]TLNFC JLTBCL

Nxtritc jldbòldbc cktdgc i pA nftrn 7,> n 8,= pirtdr gi plifti ihrdbifi Barysiftanllu` dfgdbu`.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

LIXIFGI AJ

LIXIFG^LI IFJ^RWDHCLDI (LIXNFGN[) NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldbc gn livifgi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

LIXIFGI CL

LIXIFG^LI IFJ^RWDHCLDI (LIXNFGN[) NQW[IBW 

vnjntil clncsc gn pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc livifgi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 2> µB7= µB. Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rids gn kifac ]rnpiriêþns piri pnlns snfsàvnds n gnldbigis ]rnpiriêþns iftdibfn Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Brn`ns Lcêþns bcrpcrids Òlncs piri kifac ]rnpiriêþns piri adjdnfn pnsscil

99=

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

LNJIBWDHÅ

L-N[DW[^LCRN

LDHNRODF®

LDHWNRRNFBN

®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

JLTBN[DF (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) [^RB^R  IB^LNIW^R [CCW NQW  IB^LNIW^R NQW[IBW [IBW (IFG) BDW[^R BDW[^R @NGDBI LD@CF^F (LN@CF) ]NNL NQW[IBW (IFG) RCLDGIJC XD[JI^[NI (JCLGNF[CG) NQW[IBW (IFG) LDY^C[ BIKC[F GNW[JNFR

Nlikcrigc i pirtdr gi jdlkirkndri ([usbus ibulnitus), ld`âc (Bdtrus `ngdbi  ld`cfu`) n viri gn curc (Rcldgijc vdrjiurni). Ldqucr Birkcf Gntnrjnfs5 cktdgc pcr `ibnriêâc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= gc bciltir cu ilbitrâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. gn aulai bc` tdfturi gn qudlidi.  Ituil`nftn ä cktdgc pcr `ibnriêâc n pnrbcliêâc gc bciltir bc` élbccl ntàldbc n tnfscitdvcs fâc d÷fdbcs.

Brn`ns Lcêþns brn`csis, adgrcilbcòldbis cu t÷fdbis Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns ]rnpiriêþns bipdlirns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 2> ½B.

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Bntciêõbir fituril. pA nftrn ;,= n >,= Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B7A1C7 (]@5 9;=,99)

Lcêâc Qild﬉f 9>® Rcluêþns N`ulsþns Jäds [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= ½B.

ATG[CLTUNG [DBN ][CWNDF 

Gd n trdpnptàgncs gn kidxc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,> n :,= pnsc `clnbulir gn crdjn` ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. vnjntil.

BTIWANI B^@DFJDD LNIH NQW[IBW (IFG) JLTBN[DF (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Jnl gn Birkcpcl® cu ]lurdjnl®.

Jnl `ubdlijdfcsc cktdgc gn érvcrns fitdvis Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 1,= igipirtdr Fcvi Unlëfgdi gi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. hi`àldi Byitanibnin. Byitanibnin.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Rärufs Jäds-brn`n Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs

 

999

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

LDHWLDFN®

LDFNHIBWC[Å

LD]IBDGNÅ B1J

LD]NQ® 9=4

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

ATG[CLTUNG ZANIW ][CWNDF 

BC@]CRDÊÂC

pA `nfcr qun 1,=

Bc`pcstc gn hriêþns nspnbdids gn prctnàfis gc Jnl gn Fitrcscl® n kitrdjc, bcftnfgc prctnàfis sns buec pA snei ibd`i gn iltc pnsc `clnbulir n gn 1,=. nstruturi rnsdguil tnrbdérdi.

ZIWN[(IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL JLTBCL (IFG) ADKDRB^R IKNL@CRBA^R RNNG NQW[IBW (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL (IFG) QIFWAIF J^@ 

gi sn`nftn gn pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc Adkdsbus iknl`csbaus

BI][TLCTL JLTBDFN 

pA virdévnl, gnpnfgnfgc gis bcfbnftriêþns utdldzigis5 =,>% i 9% (pA >,=)? 9,=% i ;,=% (pA 8,=)? ;% (pA :,=).

JCRRT]D^@ AN[KIBN^@ (BCWWCF) RNNG CDL

LD]NQ® BIFCLI ^K

BIFCLI CDL

LD]NQ® N@^LRANI

]NJ-;2 RANIK^WWN[IWN 

99;

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

Ldpci`dfcébdgc hcr`igc pnlc ibcpli`nftc gn jldbdfi gn crdjn` vnjntil bc` u` ébdgc jrixc (ébdgc cbtifcdbc).

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Jnl ifd÷fdbcbc` FNW HR® Jnl-brn`n Hludgc ]lurdjnl® cu Birkcpcl® Rärufs

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds-brn`n

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Qi`pus Rikcfntns Jnl gn ld`pnzi N`ulsþns

Òlnc gn sn`nftn gn gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,> n 1,= iljcgâc, iljcgâc, rdbc n` vdti`dfi Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. H.

N`ulsþns adgritiftns @ésbiris Bcfgdbdcfigcrns N`ulsþns Òlncs bcrpcrids Kitcfs Rtdbos likdids Kisns làqudgis

Wrdjldbnràgncs gn bifcli nfrdqunbdgcss n` snus pA nftrn >,= n :,= nfrdqunbdgc pròprdcs dfsipcfd﬉bévnds. dfsipcfd﬉bévnds.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]rnpiriêþns n/cu rnitdvi piri pnln snfsàvnl ]rnpiriêþns piri budgigcs gc rcstc n bcrpc ]rnpiriêþns sclirns n pòs-scl ]rnpiriêþns piri kirknir

Wnfscitdvc fâc d÷fdbc pA nftrn >,> n 1,= gnrdvigc gi `iftndji gn oirdtä.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

LD]NQ® C@NJI 2/8

LD]NQ  RANI ®

LD]NQ® RANI KNWIDFN

LD]NQ® RANI ]NJ :>

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

CL^R CDL (IFG) BI@NLDFI RIWDXI CDL (N^) (IFG) XNJNWIKLN CDL (IFG) BI@NLDFI RIWDXI RNNG CDL

RANI K^WWN[ (K^WT[CR]N[@^@ ]I[ODD).

RANI K^WWN[I@DGC][C]TL KNWIDFN 

]NJ-:> RANI K^WWN[ JLTBN[DGNR

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns N`ulsþns piri pnlns snfsàvnds ]rnpiriêþns piri budgigcs gc bcrpc n rcstc

Jcrguri vnjntil rn﬉figi nxtriàgi Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= ngignscgcrdzigi fcz gc oirdtä bc` iltc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. tncr gn dfsipcfd﬉bévnds dfsipcfd﬉bévnds..

Brn`ns Lcêþns ]rctntcrns sclirns Brn`ns piri `issijn` Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Brn`n gn pnftnir @ésbiris gn triti`nftc

Wnfscitdvc ifhòtnrc pA nftrn >,= n :,> gnsnfvclvdgc i pirtdr gi `iftndji gn oirdtä.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Qi`pus Rikcfntns làqudgcs

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Qi`pus piri biknlcs ätfdbcs Qi`pus dfhiftds Rikcfntn làqudgc Racwnr   jnl jnl Jäds ]rnpiriêþns bipdlirns N`ulsþns

BC@]CRDÊÂC Klnfg  gn  gn òlncs vnjntids

qun pA nftrn 2,= n 1,= gnscgcrdzigcs iprnsnfti ébdgcs jrixcs ÷`nji-2 n ÷`nji-8.

Wnfscitdvc fâc d÷fdbc adgrcssclõvnl gnrdvigc gi gn oirdtä. pA nftrn >,> n :,> `iftndji Ä u` jldbnràgnc gn oirdtä ntcxdligc bc` :> `clns gn òxdgc gn ntdlnfc.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

992

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]rcgutcs piri pnln snfsàvnl n/  cu rnitdvi, ]rnpiriêþns piri c budgigc gc rcstc n bcrpc ]rnpiriêþns sclirns n pòs-scl ]rnpiriêþns piri kirknir

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Jäds Brn`ns Lcêþns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= ½B.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n

]rcgutc cktdgc gi fcz gn oirdtä, nfrdqunbdgc n`

LD]NQ® RANI ^

LD]CKNLLN RCTIJLTBCFN®

LD]CLTRRN

®

K^WT[CR]N[@^@ ]I[ODD 

 ILBCACL (IFG) ]CLTR ]CLTRC[KI C[KIWN WN 1= (IFG) LNBDWADF (IFG) RCT DRCHLIXCFNR

BIHHNDFN (IFG) BI[FDWDFN (IFG) BCHHNI NQW[IBW (IFG) IRDIWDBCRDGN (IFG) @NWATLDRCWADIUCLCFI @NWATLDRCWADI UCLCFI (IFG) HNFCQDNWIFCL (IFG) ZIWN[

snus bévnds.pròprdcs dfsipcfd﬉Bc`pcstc gn ﬉tcnstnròds pA nftrn 8,= n :,= gnrdvigcs gi fcz gn oirdtä nfrdqunbdgc bc` ästnrns bdfë`dbcs n snus pròprdcs ﬉tcnstnròds (oirdstnròds ‒ ilhi spdfistnrcl n gnlti : std`istnfcl, pironcl, lupncl n kutyrcspnr`cl), ]rnpiriêâc ldpcssc`igi bcfstdtuàgi gi pcrêâc pA nftrn >,= n :,= ijldbcfi gn dsc﬋ivcfis gi scei. Klnfg  bcfstdtuàgc  bcfstdtuàgc pcr

pA nftrn 7,> n :,= Bihnàfi, L-Birfdtdfi, bihä vnrgn n isditdbcsdgn.

Jnl-brn`n Fifcbcllcdgyl® Rnru` gn ]lurdjnl ® ®

LD]C@CDRW®  NLIRWDBDWT (;=;;)

997  

ZI ZIWN[ WN[ (IFG) QIFWAIF J^@ ( IFG) J^I[ J^@ (BTI@C]RDR WNW[IJCFCLCKI)

Fifcbc`pcsdêâc gn jc`i Juir, jc`i Qiftifi pA nftrn >,> n :,= n u`i `dsturi gn hriêþns Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi nspnbà﬉bis gn cldjcpnp- ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. tàgncs.

Lcêâc ® 19R  bc` ]lurdjnlFdoocldpdg N`ulsþns C/I Jäds Lcêþns Rärufs [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= ½B. ]cgnré cbcrrnr n` isscbdiêâc i cutrcs itdvcs. RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

LD]C@CDRW®  HD[@DFJ (;=28)

ZI ZIWN[ WN[ (IFG) QIFWAI@ J^@ (IFG) ]NBWDF (IFG) ATG[CLTUNG XNJNWIKLN ][CWNDF (IFG) RN[DFN (IFG) I[JDFDFN (IFG) ][CLDFN 

LD]C@CDRW® ATG[I (;=92)

ZIWN[ (IFG) QIFWAIF J^@ (IFG) BI[[IJNNFIFR (BACFG[^R B[DR]^R) (IFG) JL^BCRN 

LD]C[NG^BWTL®

LD]CRRC@I IB

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Ruk`dbrcgdspnrsâc gn Ruk`dbrcgdspnrsâc antnrcpcldssibi-ràgncs antnrcpcldssibi-ràg ncs n pA nftrn 7,= n :,= pnptàgncs gnrdvigcs gn pliftis.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Ruk`dbrcgdspnrsâc gn Ruk`dbrcgdspnrsâc antnrcpcldssibi-ràgncs ncs i pA nftrn >,= n :,= antnrcpcldssibi-ràg pirtdr gi jc`i Qiftifi, jldbcsn n birrijnfdfis birrijnfdfis..

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Bihnàfi, bc`pcstcs dcgigcs (Wni-Adgrcdcgdtn), pA nftrn 7,1 n 1,= birfdtdfi, [usbus ibulni- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. tus, Angnri anldx , Jldbdl -Adstdgdl-Ldsdfi (JAO).

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

 IRBC[KDB IBDG IBDG IFG [NWDFTL ] ]IL@DWI IL@DWIWN WN  IFG LD]CRC@NR

gn rntdfcl, ébdgc Kisns qun iprnsnfti` pA nftrn 2,= n :,= ]il`dtitc isbòrkdbc n hcshcldpàgdcs hcshcldpàgdcs.. tnfscitdvcs.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) N`ulsþns Jäds ifd÷fdbcs n fâc d÷fdbcs Jnl ]lurdjnl® Lcêâc Qild﬉f 9>® Fdoocldpdg 19R® bc` ]lurdjnl® [nbc`nfgi-sn sui dfbcrpcriêâc n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= ½B. Brn`n ]iri`ul E® Brn`n Qild﬉f 9>® Jnl gn ]lurdjnl® N`ulsâc C/I Jäds Lcêþns Rärufs Brn`n n lcêâc Qild﬉f 9>® Jnl ]lurdjnl® bc` FNW-HR® Jäds N`ulsþns C/I N`ulsþns brn`csis C/I cu I/C Brn`ns Lndtns Lcêþns Rdstn`is cdl hrnn Jäds [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB.

 

99>

 

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Kisns qun iprnsnfti`

ADIL^[×FDBC

pA nftrn 2,= n :,=  Ébdgc adilur÷fdbc n hcshcldpàgdcs.

N`ulsþns brn`csis C/I cu I/C Brn`ns Lndtns

LD]CRRC@I IN (LD]CRRC@IR ]@L® IN, KDCRRC@I IFN)

Rcluêâc iqucsi bcftnfgc pil`dtitc gn rntdfcl, pA nftrn 2,= n :,= ibntitc gn tcbchnrcl n hcshcldpàgdcs.

Kisns qun iprnsnfti`5 - tncrns ilbcòldbcs ibd`i gn ;=%? - tnfscitdvcs.

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

LD]CRRC@I ÉBDGC

LD]CRRC@I BCNFUD@I Y9= (LD]CRRC@IR ]@L® BCNFUD@I Y-9=)

LD]CRRC@I GN BN[I@DGI

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

ADIL^[CFDB IBDG LD]CRC@NR

WCBC]AN[TL IBNWIWN IFG [NWDFTL ]IL@DWIWN IFG LD]CRC@NR

Y9= BCNFUD@N LD]CRC@NR

BN[I@DGNR LD]CRC@NR

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

tnfscitdvcs.

Kisns qun iprnsnfti`5 - tncrns ilbcòldbcs ibd`i pA nftrn nftrn 2,= n :,= ^kdq ^kdqudfc udfcfi fi n hcshclddpàgd pàgdcs. cs. gn ;=%? - tnfscitdvcs

pA nftrn nftrn 2,= n :,= Bnri Bnri`dgi `dgi n hc hcshcld shcldppàgdcs. àgdcs.

998

Kisns qun bcftnfai` tnfscitdvcs.

Lcêþns n sdstn`is cdl hrnn Jäds Hcr`uliêþns bipdlirns Rdstn`is d÷fdbcs n fâc d÷fdbcs Lcêþns Brn`ns Jäds Jäds-brn`n Rärufs Lcêâc Fdoocldpdg 19R® bc` ]lurdjnl® Jnl-brn`n Fdooc`ulnsn 79®  bc` ]lurdjnl® Rdstn`is d÷fdbcs n fâc d÷fdbcs [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir i hrdc. Rdstn`is d÷fdbcs n fâc d÷fdbcs FNW HR® Jnl ﬋udgc ]lurdjnl® Brn`n Fdoocldpdg 19R® bc` ]lurdjnl® [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir i hrdc. Brn`ns gn triti`nftc N`ulsþns @ésbiris adgritiftns hibdids Lcêþns rnvdtildziftns Jäds rnjnfnrigcrns. [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir ipòs i ﬉fildziêâc gi n`ulsâc n/cu jnl, n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) N`ulsþns brn`csis I/C cu C/I

LD]CRRC@I GN BCLÉJNFC

ATG[CLDRIWN ][CWNDF LD]CRC@NR

Rcluêâc iqucsi bcfpA nftrn 2,= n :,= bnftrigi gn bcléjnfc n hcshcldpàgdcs.

Kisns qun bcftnfai` tnfscitdvcs.

Brn`ns Lndtns ]rctntcrns sclirns Lcêþns pòs-scl Jäds Hcr`uliêþns bipdlirns n piri bcurc biknlugc [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB. N`ulsþns brn`csis C/I cu I/C Brn`ns

LD]CRRC@I G@IN

GD@NWATL @NI LD]CRRC@NR

Rcluêâc iqucsi bcfbnfpA nftrn 2,= n :,= trigi bcftnfgc G@IN n hcshcldpàgdcs.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Kisns qun bcftnfai` tnfscitdvcs.

Lndtns ]rctntcrns sclirns Lcêþns pòs-scl Jäds Hcr`uliêþns bipdlirns n piri bcurc biknlugc. [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB.

 

99:

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

LD]CRRC@I NB (LD]CRRC@IR ]@L® NB)

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

 IRBC[KDB IBDG IBDG (IFG) WCBC]AN[TL  IBNWIWN  IBNWI WN IFG LD]CRC@NR LD]CRC@NR

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Rcluêâc iqucsi bcfbnftrigi bcftnfgc ldpcsscpA nftrn 2,= n :,= `is n vdti`dfis N n B fi hcr`i gn hcshitc gn isbcrkdl `ijfäsdc `ijfäsdc..

LD]CRRC@I JDFJOC KDLCKI

JDFJOC KDLCKI LD]CRC@NR

Rcluêâc iqucsi bcfbnftrigi gn ldpcssc`is (prnbc` lnbdtdfi gn pA nftrn 2,= n :,= pirigcs scei adgrcldsigi) bcftnfgc Jdfjoc kdlcki ‒ nxtritc snbc ;7%.

LD]CRRC@I @DQW^[N

@DQW^[N LD]CRC@NR

jldbcsi`dfcpA nftrn >,= n 4,= Hcshcldpàgdcs, jldbifis n bclnstnrcl.

LD]CRRC@I RCG

LD]CRRC@IR ]@L®  IAI

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA fnutrc

Rcg ldpcssc`il, supnrcxdgcgds`utisn ldpcssc`il.

Ldpcssc`is bcftnfgc pA nftrn 7,1 n 1,= ilhi-adgrcxdébdgcs.

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Rdstn`is d÷fdbcs n fâc d÷fdbcs Jäds Jäds-brn`n Kisns qun iprnsnfti` Rärufs Lcêþns tnfscitdvcs n tncr ilbcòBrn`ns ldbc ibd`i gn ;=%. Jnl gn ]lurdjnl® FNW HR® Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` Fitrcscl® [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir i hrdc. Rdstn`is d÷fdbcs n fâc d÷fdbcs Kisns qun iprnsnfti`5 N`ulsþns - tncrns ilbcòldbcs ibd`i Lcêþns Jäds-brn`n gn ;=%? [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir i hrdc - tnfscitdvcs. fi hisn iqucsi. Kisns qun iprnsnfti` tnfscitdvcs. cu jäds-brn`n í kisn gn Brn`n ifd÷fdbc, brn`n Jäds ® FNW HR fâc d÷fdbc, lcêâc ifd÷fdbi n lcêâc fâc d÷fdbi. Kisns qun iprnsnfti` tnfscitdvcs. cu jäds-brn`n í kisn gn Brn`n ifd÷fdbc, brn`n Jäds ® FNW HR fâc d÷fdbc, lcêâc ifd÷fdbi n lcêâc fâc d÷fdbi. Rdstn`is d÷fdbcs n fâc d÷fdbcs 19R® bc` Wncrns ilbcòldbcs ibd`i Lcêâc Fdoocldpdg ® Birkcpcl gn ;=%. Brn`n Qild﬉f 9>® [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir i hrdc.

991

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

LD]CRRC@IR ]@L®  ADG[IWIFWN

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

pA nftrn 7,1 i 1,=

Ldpcssc`is bcftnfgc sukstëfbdis qun hizn` pirtn gc Hitcr gn Adgritiêâc Fituril gi pnln au`ifi, bc`c i lnbdtdfi adgrcjnfigi, élbccl pcld -aàgrdbc n i`dfcébdgcs i`dfcébdgcs..

Rdstn`is d÷fdbcs n fâc d÷fdbcs Jnl-brn`n Fdoocldpdg 19R® bc` Fitrcscl® Wncrns ilbcòldbcs ibd`i Lcêâc Qild﬉f 9>® Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` gn ;=%. Birkcpcl ^ltrnz® [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcriêâc i hrdc.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

LD]CRRC@IR ]@L®  ][Ò-BI]DLI[

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

LD]CQTF®

W[D]N]WDGN-79

LDY^DG J^I[IFDFN

LÀ[DC AJ

Ldpcssc`is bcftnfgc nxtritc gn ]ifix eipcfdbus, Rdstn`is d÷fdbcs n fâc d÷fdbcs nxtritc ]clyjlubcfibnin , Wncrns ilbcòldbcs ibd`i Rcluêâc adgrcilbcòldbi i ;=% pA nftrn 7,1 n 1,= nxtritc gn bi`c`dli n gn ;=%. Qi`pu kisn nxtritc gn kiêc kcvdfc n G-]iftnfcl. Ä u` pnptàgnc gnrdvigc gc Hitcr gn Brnsbd`nftc

ZIWN[ (IFG) ][C]TLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ]I^LLDFDI B^]IFI RNNG NQW[IBW 

D[DR HLC[NFWDFI [CCW NQW[IBW 

Wrifshcr`igcr ι (WJHι), pA nftrn >,= n :,> buecs i`dfcébdgcs sâc bcfbnftrigcs n` 9=== pp` gnftrc gn u`i fifcldpcssc`i Nxtritc ﬋udgc gn juirifé n` ﬋ivcpA bc`pitàvnl bc` pigrcfdzigc fcdgns c tdpc gn ipldbiêâc (6 9,= `j/`l) n bihnàfi (≮ 9,> j/L).

Kisns qun bcftnfai` ébdgcs crjëfdbcs n tnfscitdvcs.

Jnl Jnl-brn`n N`ulsâc fâc d÷fdbi

 I`pclis gdluàgis (>=%) Brn`ns Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi Jäds ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. Hcr`uliêþns piri adgrcldpcgdstrc﬉i jdfcdgn Brn`ns vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti fi ldtnrituri Lcêþns pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc ldbc gn làrdc. bcfsultigi. Rikcfntns Qi`pus

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

994

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI ]IFIQ JDFRNFJ [CCW NQW[IBW (IFG) WI^[DFN (IFG) RIBBAI[C@TBNR RDLDBCF HN[@NFW (IFG) RIBBAI[C@TBNR @IJFNRD^@ HN[@NFW (IFG) RIBBAI[C@TBNR BC]]N[ HN[@NFW (IFG) RIBBAI[C@TBNR D[CF HN[@NFW (IFG) RIBBAI[C@TBNR UDFB HN[@NFW (IFG) RC[KDWCL IFG ;-@NWATL7-DRCWADIUCLDF-2-CFN 7-DRCWADIUCL DF-2-CFN (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL (IFG) ZIWN[

LF; C^W

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

Bc`pcstc gn cldjcnlnpA nftrn 2,> n :,= `nftcs kdctnbfclòjdbcs, tiurdfi n ]ifix jdfsnfj.

ZIWN[ (IFG) ATG[CLTUN @T[W^R BC@@^FDR LNIH NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn ;,= n :,=

L^@DF ZADWN

R^B[CRN GDLI^[IWN (IFG) ]DR^@ RIWDX^@ (]NI) NQW[IBW (IFG) RCGD^@ ADIL^[CFIWN (IFG) ]CLDRRC[KIWN ;= (IFG) JLTBN[DF (IFG) ZIWN[.

pA nftrn 2,> n :,=

LT]CQTGIRN

@IFFDWCL (IFG) JLTBDFN RCEI (RCTKNIF) ][CWNDF 

pA nftrn :,> n 4,=

LTR—LIRWDFN XÅ

ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ]N^BNGIF^@ J[IXNCLNFR (GDLL) NQW[IBW (IFG) QIFWAIF J^@.

pA nftrn >,= n 1,=

@IÊÂ XN[GN J[

]T[^R @IL^R (I]]LN) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n

LCFJNXDBNLL®

®

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Cktdgc gis hclais gi `urti (@yrtus bc``ufds), rdbc n` hriêþns gn iêõbirns bcftnfgc cldjcjilibturcfifcs Blirnigcr bc`pcstc gn nxtritc gn nrvdlai, gdliuritc gn sibircsn, n adilurcfitc gn sògdc. Rdstn`i nfzd`étdbc cktdgc pnlc prcbnssc gn dfitdviêâc gc ébdgc ldfclndbc. Nxtritc gn plifti cktdgc gn sn`nftns gn nfgrc  (Ifntau` jrivnclnfs  Ifntau` jrivnclnfs  L.) bcladgcs fi Àfgdi cu Aufjrdi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Rcluêþns iqucsis Rcluêþns adgrcilbcòldbis Jäds fâc d÷fdbcs n ifd÷fdbcs Jäds-brn`n N`ulsþns fâc d÷fdbis n ifd÷fdbis Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns iqucsis

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

Brn`ns Lcêþns hibdids n bcrpcrids iftdnfvnlanbd`nftc

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

vnjntil jldbnrdfigc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n >,= Nxtritc gn `iêâ vnrgn. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

9;=

Brn`ns @ésbiris Lcêþns Qi`pus Bcquntäds gn hrutis W÷fdbcs

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Nxtritc `dfnril gn pngri sn`dprnbdcsi5 `iliqudti, pA nftrn 2,= n :,= rdbi n` bckrn (6 >,= j/L).

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R) Kisns qun bcftnfai` `ntikdssul﬉tc gn sògdc.

@ILI—OÆWNÅ

ZIWN[ (IFG) @ILIBADWN NQW[IBW 

@ILXI AJ

@ILXI RTLXNRW[DR (@ILLCZ) NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= ldbc gn `ilvi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

@IFJDHN[I DFGDBI (@IFJC) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

vnjntil jldbnrdfigc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> Nxtritc gn `ifji. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

@IFJI J[

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n Rdstn`is surhibtiftns Hcr`uliêþns adgritiftns ]rnpiriêþns piri triti`nftc sclir n piri pnlns gnldbigis ]rnpiriêþns piri adjdnfn kubil ]rnpiriêþns piri kifac ]rnpiriêþnssclirns ]rnpiriêþns piri budgigcs gc rcstc n bcrpc

@IFJIFÅR KDCR®  Y^NLIWC

Y^NLIWC GN @IFJIFÅR

gn `ifjifås Kisns qun bcftnfai` pA nftrn >,= n 1,= Yunlitc bc` i`dfcébdgcs fiturids. ébdgcs n élbilds.

]rnpiriêþns piri biknlc Brn`ns Lcêþns Qi`pus

@IWD]^[N

@IJFNRD^@ IL^@DF^@ RDLDBIWN (IFG) ATG[CQTNWTLBNLL^LCRN ATG[CQTNWTLBNL L^LCRN (IFG) FDJNLLI RIWDXI RNNG CDL (IFG) B^[B^KDWI ]N]C (]^@]ODF) RNNG CDL (IFG) ]ACR]ACLD]DG GR R

@dbrcpirtàbulis ldpàgdbis pA nftrn >,= n :,= gnrdvigis gcs òlncs gn Fdjnlli sitdvi n ikòkcri.

Lcêþns Brn`ns @ésbiris Jäds

®

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

@IW[DQTL

K^WDLNFJLTBCL (IFG) BI[KC@N[ (IFG) JLTBN[DF (IFG) ]CLTRC[KIWN ;= (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) ]IL@DWCTL ]NFWI]N]WDGN-2

pA nftr nftrnn >>,> ,> n :,= @db @dbrcb rcbclé cléjn jnfc fc

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

@GD BC@]LNQ®

JLTBCRI@DFCJLTBIFR

bc` pA nftrn 7,= n 1,> Jldbci`dfcjldbifis iêâc iftdclandris iftdclandris..

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Hcr`is bcs`ätdbis piri c bcftcrfc gcs clacs ]rcgutcs iftdijdfj Brn`ns Lcêþns brn`csis Jäds ]rnpiriêþns hctcprctntcris Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n

 

9;9

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

@NL J[

ACFNT NQW[IBW 

vnjntil jldbòldbc pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= Nxtritc gn `nl.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns adgritiftns ]rnpiriêþns piri budgigcs gc rcstc n bcrpc ]rnpiriêþns sclirns Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns

@NLI[[NRW I®

JLTBN[DF LIBWDB IBDG(IFG) (IFG)]X]  OCEDB  IBDG (IFG)(IFG) IRBC[ IRBC[KDB KDB IBDG

pA `nfcr qun 7,>  Ébdgc isbòrkdbc, , ébdgc oòedbc isbòrkdbc n ébdgc létdbc.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

@NLI[[NRW L®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Jlybyrradzi jlikri, ébdgc pA nftrn 2,= n >,= oòedbc n jldbdrrdzdfitc gn i`÷fdi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

@NLIRLCZÅ

BDW[^R ^FRAD^ (]NNL NQW[IBW) (IFG) JLTBN[DF 

@NLIZADWN®

LN^OCBTWN NQW[IBW (IFG) ZIWN[

@NLHIGN E

ZIWN[ (IFG) I[BWCRWI]ATLCR ^XI^[RD LNIH NQW[IBW (IFG) JLTBN[DF (IFG) @IJFNRD^@ IRBC[KTL ]ACR]IWN 

®

(tifjnrdfi eipcpA lnvn`nftn ébdgc Wdri`dfi fnsi).

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

pA nftrn 7,= n >,> Jldbcpnptàgncs bcfeujigcs.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

ifd÷fdbc. Nxtritc gn Irbtcstipaylcs Jnl Kisns qun iprnsnftn` pA nftrn 7,= n >,> uvi-ursd  n  n hcshitc gn jrupi`nftcs i`dfcs isbcrkdl `ijfäsdc `ijfäsdc.. ldvrns cu pcldvnftns.

N`ulsþns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri nftrn 2> ½B n >= ½B ic ﬉fil gi n`ulsâc. Hcr`uliêþns gdvnrsis. [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi gi prnpiriêâc n i hrdc Lcêþns cu brn`ns cdl hrnn Jnl gn Fitrcscl® Dfbcrpcriêâc gnvnré snr rnildzigi fi hisn iqucsi gi prnpiriêâc n i hrdc. ]rnpiriêþns piri triti`nftc

@NLDRRI AJ

@NLDRRI CHHDBDFILDR LNIH NQW[IBW 

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc ldbc gn `nldssi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

9;;

hibdil gdérdc gn kifac ]rnpiriêþns ]rnpiriêþns piri c budgigc gc rcstc n gc bcrpc

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) ]rnpiriêþns iftdijdfj  

@NLDWIFN

ZIWN[ (IFG) GNQW[IF (IFG) IBNWTL ANQI]N]WDGN-D 

]nptdgnc ijcfdsti ic gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 1,= ι-@RA (acr`cfdc nstd`u- Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. ligcr gn `nlifòbdtcs)

@NFWI ]D]N[DWI AJ

@NFWAI ]D]N[DWI (]N]]N[@DFW) LNIH NQW[IBW 

vnjntil adgrcjldbòld- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc bc gn @nftai pdpnrdti. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Lcêþns t÷fdbis bipdlirns Lcêþns pòs-kirki Brn`ns ]rnpiriêþns piri adgrcldpcgdstrc﬉i jdfcdgn

][C]TLNFN JLTBCL RWNI[IWN 

gn prcpdpA nftrn 7,> n 1,= @cfcnstniritc lnfcjldbcl.

N`ulsþns

@NWADLIF ® ]J@R

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]rnpiriêþns sclirns5 prctntcr, pòs-scl n krcfznigcr Kisn gn @iqudijn` ]rnpiriêþns Bipdlirns

Brn`ns N`ulsþns W÷fdbcs W÷fdbcs hibdids n bipdlirns

@NWADCRDLIFN B®

Bc`pcstc gn `cfc`npA nftrn 7,> n :,= tdlsdlifntrdcl, pcldpnptàgncs gn nlistdfi n ibntdl`nfdcfdfi.

 IBNWTL@NWADCFTL @NWATLRDLI  IBNWTL@NWADCFTL @NWATLRDLIFCL FCL NLIRWDFIWN 

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrn Bcfgdbdcfigcrns s gn @ésbiris bipdlirns I`pclis triti`nftc. [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fc ﬉fil gc prcbnssc n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB.

 

9;2

 

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

@DB[CNR]CFEIR GN [NWDFCL®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

@DB[C]IWBAÅ BIHHNDFN

ZIWN[ (IFG) RILDBTLDB IBDG BIHHNDFN (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ][C]TLNFN JLTBCL ILJDFIWN (IFG) IBIBDI RNFNJIL J^@.

@DB[C]IWBAÅ @CDRW^[DUDFJ @I[DFN (@DB[C]IWBA RN[DFN)

ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG)  ILJDF (IFG) RCGD^@ ^@ BDW[IWN BDW[IWN (IFG)  IWNLCBCLLIJNF  IWNL CBCLLIJNF (IF (IFG) G) RN[DFN 

@CG^ODFNÅ

LIBWCRN IFG @DLO ][CWNDF 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

bcftnfgc pA nftrn >,> n :,= @dbrcnspcfeis Xdti`dfi I (rntdfcl).

[ngn `clnbulir ( pitba  pitba) dfvdsàvnl bc`pcsti pnli isscbdiêâc gn guis pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> `cläbulis gn iltc pnsc `clnbulir5 ]cldssibiràgncs gi Ibébdi (vnjntil) n  Iljdfitc  Isscbdiêâc gn guis `cläbulis gn iltc pnsc pA nftrn >,= n :,= `clnbulir5 Iljdfitc gn Rògdc n Itnlcbcléjnfc (Bcléjnfc @irdfac).  Itdvc gnrdvigc gn u`i u`i pA nftrn >,> n :,= hriêâc nspnbà﬉bi gc lndtn qun bcftä` bdtcqudfis.

9;7

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Brn`n fâc d÷fdbc Jnl gn Fitrcscl® Brn`n Fdoodldpdg 19R® bc` Brn`n, lcêâc n jnl Fitrcscl® ifd÷fdbc n jnl gn birkc- Lcêâc Hludgi Qild﬉f 9> ® xd`ntdlbnlulcsn sògdbi. Brn`n Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` Fitrcscl® [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir ipòs i ﬉fildziêâc gi n`ulsâc. Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`n, lcêþns n jäds bcrpcrids

]rcgutcs gn adgritiêâc gn lcfji guriêâc Brn`ns, lcêþns, jäds hibdids n bcrpcrids iftdnfvnlanbd`nf iftdnfvnlanbd`nftc? tc? ]rcgutcs pòs-pnnldfj Jnl-brn`n gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXL Jnl-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® RIH N`ulsþns C/I Jnl gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXB Jnl gn I`djnl®

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

@]B @DLO 

FC@N DFBD GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

ZANT ][CWNDF (LIBWDR ][CWNDF^@)

@TCQDFCLÅ

@T[DBNLDFN

®

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

pA n` 8,=

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Gnrdvigc gn pcldpnptàgncs Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi kdcitdvcs gc lndtn. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Cktdgc pcr kdctrifshcr`iêâc gn prctnàfis bcftdgis fis sn`nftns gn Adkdsbus gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n 1,> nsbulnftus , tnfgc bc`c Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. bc`pcfnftns prdfbdpids cldjcpnptàgncs cldjcpnptàgn cs gn kidxc pnsc `clnbulir.

K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ZIWN[ (IY^I)

Cktdgc i pirtdr gn u` bcfgi plifti @yrdbi Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> bnftrigc bnrdhnri L. n pigrcfdzigc n` GA@ (gd-adgrc`drdldtnrituri bcfsultigi. bntdfi).

(IFG) GDATG[C@T[DBNWDF F    ÉJ^I (IFG) JLDBN[DFI JLDBN[DFI (IFG) LNBDWDF LNBDWDFI I (IFG) RC[KDWCL (IFG) JC@I QIFWIFI

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Jnl-brn`n gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXL Jnl-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® RIH N`ulsþns C/I Jnl gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXB Jnl gn I`djnl® [nbc`nfgi-sn sclukdldziêâc n` scluêâc ti`pâc bdtritc pA 7,= iftns gn sui dfbcrpcriêâc dfbcrpcriêâc.. Jäds Rärufs Jäds-brn`n Lcêþns brn`csis N`ulsþns fâc d÷fdbis cu d÷fdbis [nbc`nfgi-sn gdspnrsâc prävdi n` éjui iqunbdgi (7> µB->= µB) n pcstnrdcr igdêâc i hrdc fi prnpiriêâc. Brn`ns Jäds Lcêþns

FIFC L]G·R IFWDCQDGIFW

(IFG) ÉBDGC ILHI LD]CDBC (IFG) BCNFUD@I Y 9= (IFG) NGWI GDRRÒGDBC (IFG) HNFCQDNWIFCL (IFG) @NWDL]I[IKNFC (IFG) K^WDL]I[IKNFC (IFG) NWDL]I[IKNFC (IFG) ][C]DL]I[IKNFC (IFG) DRCK^WDL]I[IKNFC

Bc`pcfnftns5 bcnfzd`i gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= Y9= (^kdqudfcfi) n ébdgc Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. ilhi ldpcdbc.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

]rctntcrns sclirns Adgritiftns

 

9;>

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FIFC L]G·R LDJAWNFDFJ

FIFC L]G·R @^LWDXDWI@DF

FIFC L]G·R CLDXNCQ

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI  ÉJ^I (IFG) JLDBN[DFI JLDBN[DFI (IFG) LNBDWDFI (IFG) RC[KDWCL (IFG) JC@I QIFWIFI QIFWIFI (IFG) IRBC[KDL HCRHIWC GN RÒGDC (XDWI@DFI B) (IFG) NGWI GDRRÒGDBC (IFG) HNFCQDNWIFCL (IFG) @NWDL]I[IKNFC (IFG) K^WDL]I[IKNFC (IFG) NWDL]I[IKNFC (IFG) ][C]DL]I[IKNFC (IFG) DRCK^WDL]I[IKNFC  ÉJ^I (IFG) JLDBN[DFI JLDBN[DFI (IFG) LNBDWDFI (IFG) RC[KDWCL (IFG) JC@I QIFWIFI QIFWIFI (IFG) IRBC[KDL HCRHIWC GN RÒGDC (IFG) IBNWIWC GN WCBCHN[DLI (IFG) LDFCLIWC GN JLDBN[DLI (IFG) LDFCLNFIWC GN JLDBN[DLI (IFG) ]IL@DWIWC GN [NWDFCL (IFG) NGWI GDRRÒGDBC (IFG) HNFCQDNWIFCL (IFG) @NWDL]I[IKNFC (IFG) K^WDL]I[IKNFC (IFG) NWDL]I[IKNFC (IFG) ][C]DL]I[IKNFC (IFG), DRCK^WDL]I[IKNFC  ÉJ^I (IFG) JLDBN[DFI JLDBN[DFI (IFG) LNBDWDFI (IFG) RC[KDWCL (IFG) JC@I QIFWIFI QIFWIFI (IFG) NQW[IWC GN ÒLNC N^[C]N^ (IFG) NGWI GDRRÒGDBC (IFG) ÉLBCCL GNFIW (IFG) HNFCQDNWIFCL (IFG) @NWDL]I[IKNFC (IFG) K^WDL]I[IKNFC (IFG) NWDL]I[IKNFC (IFG) ][C]DL]I[IKNFC (IFG) DRCK^WDL]I[IKNFC

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fifcldpàgdcs gn crdjn` gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n 1,= fituril bc` c itdvc isbcr- Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. kdl hcshitc gn sògdc.

Hcr`uliêþns gdvnrsis5 sclirns n prä-sclirns adgritiftns n iftdnfvnlanbd`nftc

Fifcldpàgdcs gn crdjn` pA nftrn 7,> n :,> fituril bc` vdti`dfis I, B, N n H.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Hcr`uliêþns gdvnrsis5 sclirns, prä-sclirns, adgritiftns, iftdnfvnlanbd`nftc n futrdtdvis

Rdstn`i gn ldknriêâc fituril kisnigc n` hcshcldpàgnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,> n 8,> gdcs, bc` gdë`ntrc dfhnrdcr Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. i ;>=f` bc` igdêâc gc itdvc adgrcxdtdrcscl.

Hcr`uliêþns gdvnrsis5 sclirns n prä-sclirns,, adgritiftns bcrpcprä-sclirns rids n iftdnfvnlanbd`nf iftdnfvnlanbd`nftc tc

9;8

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC

pA GN

Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

NRWIKDLDGIGN

FIFC L]G·R RLD@@DFJ

 ÉJ^I (IFG) JLDBN[DFI JLDBN[DFI (IFG) LNBDWDF LNBDWDFI I (IFG) RC[KDWCL (IFG) JC@I QIFWIFI (IFG) NQW[IWC GN LI@DFI[DI GDJDWIWI (ILJI @I[DFAI) (IFG) NQW[IWC GN ANGN[I ANLDQ (AN[I) (IFG) BIHNÀFI (IFG) ][C]DLNFCJLDBCL (IFG), NGWI GDRRÒGDBC (IFG) HNFCQDNWIFCL (IFG) @NWDL]I[IKNFC (IFG) K^WDL]I[IKNFC (IFG) NWDL]I[IKNFC (IFG) ][C]DL]I[IKNFC (IFG) DRCK^WDL]I[IKNFC

Fifcssc`i bcftnfgc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,> n >,> bihnàfi, ilji `irdfai (Li`dfirdi gdjdtiti) n Anri ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. (Angnri anldx ).).

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n

FIFC L]G—R OÒEDBC

ZIWN[ (IFG) JLTBN[DF (IFG) LNBDWADF (IFG) RC[KDWCL (IFG) QIFWAIF J^F (IFG) OCEDB IBDG (IFG) NGWI GDRCGD^@ (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL (IFG) @NWATL] @NWATL]I[IKNF I[IKNF (IFG) K^WTL]I[IKNF (IFG) NWATL]I[IKNF (IFG) ][C]TL]I[IKNF (IFG) DRCK^WTL]I[IKNF 

Fifcssc`is bc` ébdgc pA nftrn >,= n :,= oòedbc.

Jäds Brn`ns Lcêþns ]rctntcrns sclirns

FIFC@IQ®

LNBDWADF (IFG) IRBC[KTL WNW[IDRC]IL@DWIWN (IFG) BI][TLDB / BI][DB W[DJLTBN[DGN (IFG) WCBC]AN[TL  IBNWIWN  IBNWI WN (IFG) WCBC]AN[CL WCBC]AN[CL (IFG) ^KDY^DFCFN (IFG) GDDRC][C]TL IGD]IWN (IFG) JLTBN[DF (IFG) ILBCACL (IFG)  IY^I/ZIWN[  IY^I/ZI WN[

Xdti`dfi B ldpcssclõvnl, N (tcbchnrcl), Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n 1,= vdti`dfi bcnfzd`i Y9= (ukdqudfc( ukdqudfc- ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. fi) n` fifcn`ulsâc

Hcr`uliêþns gdvnrsis5 iftdnfvnlanbd`nftc, prnvnfêâc gn hctcnfvnlanbd`nftc, sclirns n prä-sclirns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 2= ½B.

Ldpcssc`is qun vndbuli`  Irkutdf (7-Aygrcxypanfyl (7-Aygrcxypanfyl -ι-G-jlybcpyrifcsdgn, Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= nxtriàgc gis hclais gn ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. uvi-ursd), vdti`dfis B, N n H, jlutitdcfi n lnbdtdfi.

Jäds Brn`ns Lcêþns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 8= ½B.

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FIFC ZADWN®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGI-

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

GN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

9;:

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FIFCR]AN[NR GN ÉBDGC RILDBÀLDBC FIFCR]AN[NR 9==Å ÉBDGC RILDBÀLDBC (RdC)

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

RILTBDLDB IBDG (IFG) RDLDBI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

]nqunfis nspcfeis bcfstdtuàgis gn `dbrcrrnsnrvitòrdcs (bnrbi gn 1= f` gn gdë`ntrc). Fifcspanrns 9==Å sâc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,> n >,= nstruturis pcld`ärdbis pcrcsis, dfnrtns n bipizns ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. gn ir`iznfir n` snu dftnrdcr cu ﬉xir n` sui supnrhàbdn itdvcs gn fiturnzi gdvnrsi.

Kisn Aygrisodf® N`ulsþns Lndtns Brn`ns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fc ﬉fil gc prcbnssc n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 2= µB.

FIFCR]AN[NR GN GAI

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Gd-adgrcxdibntcfi n` pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= fifcshnri.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Hcr`uliêþns prä n pòs-sclirns

FIFCR]AN[NR GN RDLIFÒDR

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

crjëfdbc sck i pA nftrn 7,> n 8,7 Rdlàbdc hcr`i gn fifcshnri.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

N`ulsþns ]rctntcrns sclirns n itdvigcrns gn krcfzni`nftc

FIFCR]AN[NR GN W[DBLCRIF

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA nftrn nftrn 7,= n 8,= Wrdblc rdblcsifi sifi n` fifcsh fifcshnri. nri.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisn Gnc®

FIFCR]AN[NR GN XDWI@DFI I FIFCR]AN[NRÅ 9== XDWI@DFI I ]IL@DWIWC ]IL@DWI WC (L] (L]C) C)

[NWDFTL ]IL@DWIWN (IFG) RDLDBI (IFG) CBWTLGCGNBIFCL .

FifcspanrnsÅ 9== sâc nstruturis pcld`ärdbis pcrcsis, dfnrtns n bipizns gn ir`iznfir n` snu Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n :,= dftnrdcr cu ﬉xir n` sui supnrhàbdn itdvcs gn fitu- ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. rnzi gdvnrsi. Iprnsnfti i Xdti`dfi I n` fifcshnri.

9;1

Kisn Aygrisodf® N`ulsþns Lndtns Brn`ns Jnl-brn`n [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fc ﬉fil gc prcbnssc n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 2= µB.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FIFCR]AN[NR GN XDWI@DFI B FIFCR]AN[NRÅ 9== ÉBDGC IRBÒ[KDBC (FBO)

FIFCR]AN[NR GN XDWI@DFI N FIFCR]AN[NRÅ 9== XDWI@DFI N (L]C) FIW[^LCF [B >=GJ®

FNBWI]^[N

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

 IRBC[KDB IBDG IBDG (IFG) RCGD^@ ][C]CQTATG[CQT][C]TL WADCR^LHIWN RDLDBI (IFG) ZIWN[. .

WCBC]AN[TL IBNWIWN (IFG) RÀLDBI (IFG) CBWTLGCGNBIFCL

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

JLTBN[DF (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) K^GGLNEI GIXDGDD NQW[IBW (IFG) WAT@^R X^LJI[DR (WAT@N) NQW[IBW 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

FifcspanrnsÅ 9== sâc nstruturis pcld`ärdbis pcrcsis, dfnrtns n bipizns ir`iznfir n` snu pA nftrn >,> n 8,1 gn dftnrdcr cu ﬉xir n` sui supnrhàbdn itdvcs gn fiturnzi gdvnrsi. Iprnsnfti i Xdti`dfi B tòpdbi kdcvntcrdzigi n` fifcshnri. FifcspanrnsÅ 9== sâc nstruturis pcld`ärdbis pcrcsis, dfnrtns n bipizns ir`iznfir n` snu pA nftrn 7,> N 8,> gn dftnrdcr cu ﬉xir n` sui supnrhàbdn itdvcs gn fiturnzi gdvnrsi Iprnsnfti i Xdti`dfi N n` fifcshnri. pA nftrn nftrn >,= n :,= :,= L-b L-birf irfdtd dtdffii

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Rärufs [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fc ﬉fil gc prcbnssc n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 2= µB.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Bc`pcstc gn nxtritcs gis pliftis5 Kugglnei givdgdd Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= n Way`us vuljirds, ilä` gn cutrcs bc`pcfnftns ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. bc`c jldbnrdfi n éjui.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fc ﬉fil gc prcbnssc n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 2= µB.   Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. Brn`ns Lcêþns Rärufs Jäds iftdnfvnlanbd`nf iftdnfvnlanbd`nftc tc [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 8= ½B.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

9;4

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FNC ANLDC]IF®  2=2 (NRBILCL®  >4:? ]I[RCL® 27=? N^RCLNQ® 1=;9)

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

CBWCB[DLNFC

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Hdltrc sclir ldpcssclõvnl bcftri ridcs ^XI-; n pA nftrn 7,= n 1,= ^XK? bcikscrvngcr ^XK. Cbtcbrdlnfc. (]@5 289,>)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` Birkcpcl ^ltrnz® Lcêâc Fdoocldpdg 19R® bc` Birkcpcl® ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5 Fnc Anldcpif IX® n Fnc Anldc-

 pif Aygrc®.

[nsdstnftn í éjui. Hdltrc sclir ldpcssclõvnl (ivcknfzcfi) bcftri ridcs

®

FNC(NRBILCL ANLDC]IF®   2>: >9:? ]I[RCL®  9:14? N^RCLNQ®  1=;=)

FNC ANLDC]IF® I]

N`ulsþns Lcêâc ]iri`ul E® ®

K^WTL@NWACQTGDK KNFUCTL@N-WAIFN NFUCTL@N-WAIFN C^  IXCKNFUCFI  IXCKNFUCFI

GDRCGD^@ ]ANFTL GDKNFUD@DGIUCLN WNW[IR^LHCFIWN 

^XI-9 n ^XI-;, ikscrêâc sdtuigi bc` nftrn cs bc`prd`nftcs gn cfgi gn Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 1,= 27=f` i 2:=f`. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.  Ivcknfzcfii (Kutdl `ntcxd Ivcknfzcf gdknfzcdl`n-tifc? gdknfzcdl`n-tif c? sildbdlitc gn ac`nftdli). (]@5 29=,7)

pA nftrn 7,= n 9;,=

Nspnbtrc gn ikscrêâc nftrn 2;=f` n 28=f`.  Ikscrvn tcgi rigdiêâc ^XI-; n pirtn gcs ridcs ^XI-9. Hnfdl gdknfzd`dgizcl tntrisulhcfitc gdssògdbc gdssògdbc..

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

92=

Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn Birkcpcl ^ltrnz® 79  bc` ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5 Fnc Anldcpif IX®, N9===®, 2=2®, CR®, @KB®, n @I® [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn clncsi, bcftnfgc NGWI gdssògdbc. Jnl gn Fitrcscl® Hcr`uliêþns gn hctcprctnêâc Hcr`uliêþns piri c budgigc gcs biknlcs [nbc`nfgi-sn i prnpiriêâc gn prä-`dx n` scluêâc iqucsi qun pcgnré snr dfbcrpcrigi gdrnti`nftn fi hisn iqucsi gi n`ulsâc cu gc jnl.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FNC ANLDC]IF® IX (NRBILCL ® >>:? N^RCLNQ® ;;4;? ]I[RCL® @BQ)

FNC ANLDC]IF  KK (NRBILCL ® >8:? N^RCLNQ® 728=)

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

@NWCQDBDFI@IWC GN CBWDLI

KNFUC]ANFCFI-2

Hdltrc sclir ldpcssclõvnl bcftri ridcs ^XI-; n ^XK? ä bcikscrvngcr ^XK. pA nftrn 7,= n 1,= 2-Knfzchnfcf 2-Knfzchnfcfii (cxdknf- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. zcfi) B97A9;C2 (]@5 ;;1,2)

@NWCQDBDFI@IWC GN DRCI@DLI

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Hdltrc ldpcssclõvnl bcftri ridcs ^XI-; n ^XK, bc` nspnbtrc gn ikscrêâc pA nftrn 7,= n 1,= nftrn 2;=f` n 28=f`. @ntcxdbdfi`itc gn cbtdli B91A;8C2 ]@5 ;4=,7

®

FNC ANLDC]IF® N 9===

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

Hdltrc ldpcssclõvnl bcftri ridcs ^XI n ^XK, bc` nspnbtrc gn ikscrêâc nftrn 2;=f` n 28=f`. pA nftrn 7,= n 1,= @ntcxdbdfi`itc gn dsci`dli. (]@5 ;71,7)

 

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) N`ulsþns Brn`ns Lcêþns adgritiftns ]rctntcrns likdids ]rnpiriêâc cdl hrnn, bc`c Jnl gn Birkcpcl ^ltrnz® Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` Birkcpcl ^ltrnz® Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` Fitrcscl® Hcr`uliêþns gnstdfigis í prctnêâc gi pnln n gcs biknlcs ]rnpiriêþns cdl hrnn, bc`c Jnl ﬋udgc gn Birkcpcl ^ltrnz® Lcêâc Fdoocldpdg 19R® bc` Birkcpcl® Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` Birkcpcl ^ltrnz® N`ulsþns bc` iltc Hitcr gn ]rctnêâc Rclir Brn`ns n lcêþns adgritiftns ]rctntcrns likdids N`ulsþns bcrrntdvis ]rnpiriêþns cdl hrnn, bc`c Jnl ﬋udgc gn Birkcpcl ^ltrnz®® Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79  bc` Fitrcscl® Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` Birkcpcl ^ltrnz® [nsdstnftn í éjui.

929

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FNC ANLDC]IF®  ATG[C (N^RCLNQ®  ;2;? ]I[RCL® AR)

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

]ANFTLKNFUD@DGIUCLN ]ANFTLKNFUD@DGIUC LN R^LHCFDB IBDG

®

FNC ANLDC]IF  @I

FNC ANLDC]IF®  @KB (N^RCLNQ®  82==? ]I[RCL®  >===)

@NFWATL IFWA[IFDLIWN 

@NWDLKNFUDLDGNFC @NWDLKNFUDLDG NFC BËFHC[I

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Hdltrc sclir adgrcssclõvnl bcftri ridcs ^XK. pA nftrn :,= n :,>  Ébdgc ;-hnfdl(n` pA ikidxc gn knfzd`dgizcl->-sulh÷fdbc :,= rnvnrtn piri i cu Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi hcr`i ébdgi, bc`  Ébdgc hnfdlknfzd`dgizcl ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. hnfdlknfzd`dgizcl ipirnbd`nftc gn sulh÷fdbc. brdstids). B92A9=F; C2R (]@5 ;:7,2)

Hdltrc sclir ldpcssclõvnl bcftri ridcs ^XI-;. pA nftrn 7,= n 1,=  Iftrifdlitc gn `ntdli (]@5 ;:>,7).

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Hdltrc sclir ldpcssclõvnl pA nftrn 7,= n 1,= bcftri ridcs ^XK n ^XI-;. Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi @ntdlknfzdldgnfcc bëfhcri. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. @ntdlknfzdldgnf (]@5 ;>7,7)

92;

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

N`ulsþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n Lcêâc Fdoocldpdg 19R® bc` Birkcpcl® N`ulsþns n lcêþns adgritiftns Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` Birkcpcl ^ltrnz® Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` ®

Fitrcscl cdl hrnn bc`c Jnl ]rnpiriêâc ﬋udgc gn Birkcpcl ^ltrnz® [nsdstnftn í éjui. Hcr`uliêþns rnsdstnftns í éjui ]rnpiriêâc cdl hrnn, bc`c Jnl ﬋udgc gn Birkcpcl ^ltrnz® Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` Birkcpcl ^ltrnz®  I isscbdiêâc bc` Fnc Anldcpif N9===® cu Fnc Anldcpif IX®  bcfhnrn prctnêâc ^XK n rnsdståfbdi í éjui.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FNC ANLDC]IF® CR

FNW HR®

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

FN^[CBIHNDF ®

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Hdltrc sclir ldpcssclõvnl bcikscrvngcr gcs ridcs pA nftrn 7,= n 1,= ^XK. (]@5 ;>=,7).

RILDBDLIWC GN CBWDLI

ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ]NFWTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) IBADLLNI @DLLNHCLD^@ (IFG) QIFWAIF J^@ 

RDLIQIFNW[DCL ILJDFIWN (IFG) BIHHNDF (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ]T[CJL^WI@TLI@DGCNWATL DFGCLN  JL^WI@TLIFDGCNWATL DFGCLN (IFG) JL^WI@TLIFDGCNWATL ][CLDFI@DGCNWATL ][CLDFI@DGCN WATL D@DGIUCLN (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ZIWN[

pA nftrn >,= n 1,=

Nxtritc iqucsc gi Ibadllni  `dllnhcldu` (Tirrcw)

 Itdvc fnurctrò﬉bc. fnurctrò﬉bc. Bc`pcstc gn pnptàgnc pA nftrn >,= n :,= `d`ätdbc n bihnàfi vntcrdzigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]rnpiriêþns piri i adgrcldpcgdstrc﬉i jdfcdgn.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Bc`pcstc gn gcds fnurc- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> pnptàgncs. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Hcr`uliêþns rnsdstnftns í éjui Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` Birkcpcl ^ltrnz® Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` Fitrcscl®? ]rnpiriêâc cdl hrnn, bc`c Jnl ﬋udgc gn Birkcpcl ^ltrnz® Ä sclukdldziftn gc Fnc Anldcpif KK®, Fnc Anldcpif 2>:® n Fnc Anldcpif @KB®. Jäds gn Birkcpcl® Fitrcscl® n ]lurdjnl® Lcêþns N`ulsþns brn`csis cu ﬋udgis ]cgnré snr isscbdigi i quilqunr itdvc bcs`ätdbc, pcgnfgc gd`dfudr i vdsbcsdgign gc prcgutc ﬉fil. Writi`nftc Writi`nftc piri rneuvnfnsbd`nftc gi pnln Rärufs gn prnnfbad`nftc hibdil  Iftdijdfjs n` jnril

@dbrcn`ulsâc ﬋udgi fâc d÷fdbi bcfstdtuàgi gn jldbnrdfi n tnfFâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= sdldbcfn, scitdvc. N`prnjigc piri ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. i nlikcriêâc gn prnpiriêþns cdl hrnn.

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

FN^[CKDCQÅ

FN^[CQTL®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

Brn`ns fâc d÷fdbcs Jäds, Jäds-brn`n Lcêþns cdl hrnn Rärufs

 

922

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

JL^WI@TLI@DGINWATL ÀFGCLN (IFG) JL^WI@TLI@DGINWATL ][CLDFI@DGCNWATL ][CLDFI@DGCN WATL D@DGIUCLN (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL.

FN^[CQTL® F]

Fnurcpnptàgncs kdc`dFnurcpnptàgncs `ätdbcs ifélcjcs ics fiturids. Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,> n 8,>  Isscbdiêâc nstévnl gcs ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. gdpnptàgncs5 L-jluti`dli`dgcntdl dfgcln n prcldfi`dgcntdl d`dgizcln d`dgizcln..

N`ulsþns Brn`ns Lndtns n jäds bc` ipnlc fnurcbcs`ätdbc n  iftdijdfj

FN^W[IUNFÅ

GNQW[IF (IFG) ]IL@DWCTL W[D]N]WDGN-1 (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ZIWN[

Fnurcpnptàgnc kdc`dpA nftrn 7,> n 1,= Fnurcpnptàgnc `ätdbc.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n ]rnpiriêþns piri usc dfhiftdl ]rnpiriêþns pòs- pnnldfj  pnnldfj, pòsscl, pòs- lisnr   lisnr 

FÀY^NL KDCR®  Y^NLIWC

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

qunligc n` scpA nftrn 7,= n 8,= Fàqunl luêâc.

Kisns qun bcftnfai` ébdgcs n élbilds.

Brn`ns Lcêþns

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

FCGN@I®

 IBNWTL WNW[I]N]WDGN-> WNW[I]N]WDGN->

pA nftr nftrnn 7, 7,== n 1, 1,== Wntripn ntripnptà ptàgnc g nc

FCJ^ND[I AJ

 E^JLIFR [NJDI (ZILF^W) LN LNIH IH NQW[IBW 

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> Nxtritc ldbc gn fcjundri. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

@NWADCFDFN (IFG) IB[TLIWNR BC]CLT@N[ BC]CL T@N[ (IFG) GD@NWADBCFCL (IFG) BTBLC@NWADBCFN (IFG) KNFUC]ANFCFN 

FCFTBACRDFN X®

pA nftrn >,= n 8,= ]cldästnrns ibràldbcs sdlcxëfdbcs

Kisns iqucsis bc` ntifòldbis.

927

Jäds Lcêþns Rärufs Brn`ns Jäds-brn`n Jnl-brn`n Fdoocldpdg 19R® bc` ]lurdjnl® [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir i hrdc. ]rcgutcs piri pnlns gnldbigis Hcr`uliêþns iftdssnkcrrndi, Wdfturis bipdlirns ]rcgutcs hctcprctntcrns Krcfznigcrns Ns`iltns

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

 Itdvc nxtriàgc gc irrcz (Cryzi sitdvi), bc`pcstc prdfbdpil`nftn pcr gd n trdpnptàgncs

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

Brn`ns, lcêþns n jäds fâc d÷fdbcs n ifd÷fdbcs

F^W[D]N]WDGNR

ATG[CLTUNG [DBN ][CWNDF 

pA nftrn ;,= n 9=,=

F^W[DRODF®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA nftrn ;,= n 9=,=

Gd n trdpnptàgncs gn kidxc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pnsc `clnbulir. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

RNI ZIWN[ (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) B^B^[KDWI ]N]C (]^@]ODF) RNNG NQW[IBW (IFG) ]CWIRRD^@ RC[KIWN (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL (IFG) BDW[DB IBDG

pA n` >,>

Bc`pcstc gn u` i`dfcébdgc ilbildfc, buburkdtdfn, nxtriàgc gis sn`nftns gi Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi Buburkdti pnpc n éjui ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. nspnbà﬉bi hrifbnsi rdbi n` `dfnrids.

]D[CBWCFN CLI@DFN 

 Itdvc sdftätdbc. sdftätdbc. Ril gn 9-adgrcxd-7-`ntdl-8 9-adgrcxd-7-`ntdl-8 Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n 4,= (;,7,7-trd`ntdlpnftdl-; (9A)-pdrdgcfn @cfcntifc- ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. li`dfi).

Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns W÷fdbcs bipdlirns [nbc`nfgi-sn fâc nxpcr ic iqunbd`nftc prclcfjigc n i iltis tn`pnrituris tn`pnrituris..

Cldjcnln`nftcs (Rd, Rn, Uf, @j n Hn) cktdgcs pA nftrn 2,> n :,= Bu, pcr prcbnsscs tnbfclòjdbcs.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n @ésbiris

®

×BILDFN ]H

CBWC]D[CQ®

CLDJC@DFN[ILR 8®

CLDJC@DQ®

RIBBAI[C@TBNR RDLDBCF HN[@NFW (IFG) RIBBAI[C@TBNR @IJFNRD^@ HN[@NFW (IFG) RIBBAI[C@TBNR BC]]N[ HN[@NFW (IFG) RIBBAI[C@TBNR ID[CF HN[@NFW (IFG) RIBBAI[C@TBNR UDFB HN[@NFW (IFG) RIBBAI[C@TBNR RNLNFD^@ HN[@NFW 

 UDFB IBNWTL@NWADCFIW IBNWTL@NWADCFIWN N (IFG) BC]]N[  IBNWTL@NWADCFIWN  IBNWTL@NWADC FIWN (I (IFG) FG) @IJFNRD^@  IBNWTL@NWADCFNWN  IBNWTL@NWADC FNWN (IFG) @IFJIFNRN  IBNWTL@NWATCFIWN   IBNWTL@NWATCF IWN 

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

@dbrcfutr futrdnftn dnftnss nssnfbdids. s. Fâc gnsbrdtti(s) i(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n >,> @dbrc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds N`uldifbn Lcêþns Brn`ns fâc d÷fdbcs Rikcfntns làqudgcs Jäds gn ld`pnzi

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns @ésbiris Rärufs

 

92>

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

CLDXI AJ

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

CLNI N^[C]CNI (CLDXN) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc ldbc gn cldvi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Brn`ns Lcêþns adgritiftns n rnstiurigcris ]rnpiriêþns piri budgigcs gc rcstc n gc bcrpc

C]ILI ]CZGN[®

C]IL ]CZGN[

C[Y^ÀGNI ]AILINFC]RDR AJ

]AILINFC]RDR I@IKDLDR NQW[IBW 

Ràldbi qun `d`ntdzi i pA nftrn >,= n 1,= pngri Cpili, nfbcftrigi n` livi vulbëfdbi.

Kisns ﬋udgis n bc` tnfscitdvcs

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc ldbc gn crquàgni. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]rnpiriêþns piri biknlcs Jnl Jnl-brn`n Brn`n W÷fdbcs Jäds Brn`ns Rärufs Brn`ns

C[RD[WDFN® JL

ZIWN[ (IFG) JLTBN[DF (IFG) C[TUI RIWDXI ([DBN) NQW[IBW 

Nxtriàgc irrczbc`(Cryzi ) n gc bcftä` pA nftrn 7,> n :,>  sitdvi pcstcs RD[W-itdvigcrns bai`igcs “RWIBR‐.

Kisns qun bcftnfai` hcr`ilgnàgc.

CWU 9=

CQCWADIUCLDGDFN (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ZIWN[

pA nftrn nftrn 7,> 7,> n :,= ;-cxct ;-cxctadi adizcl zclddgd gdffn.n.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

928

Lcêþns N`ulsþns Rärufs [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= ½B. Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

ÛQDGC GN UDFBC

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

pA fnutrc

 UDFB CQDGN 

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

UfC (]@5 19,24).

Jnl gn knftcfdti bc` n`ulsdcfiftn fâc d÷fdbc Brn`ns Brn`ns nvifnsbnftns n Lcêþns brn`csis jnl ifd÷fdbc. ]istis iqucsis

ÒQDGC GN UDFBC ^LW[IHDFC (RT@[DRN®)

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

gn zdfbc `dbrc﬉fc pA nftrn 8,= n 1,= Òxdgc (9=f` i :=f`).

Birk÷`nrcs

]IGDFIBWDXN® RODF

]IGDFI ]IXCFDBI NQW[IBW (IFG) ]I[IHHDF 

Gnrdvigc gi hriêâc ldpcspA nftrn 7,= n 1,= sclõvnl gi ilji ]igdfi

Fâc gnvn snr dfbcrpcrigi n` kisns qun bcftnfai` sdldbcfn.

 pivcfdbi.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Wilbcs Cksnrviêâc5 ^tdldzigc piri iu`nftir c hitcr gn prctnêâc sclir. Jnl gn knftcfdti bc` n`ulsdcfiftn fâc d÷fdbc Lcêâc Qild﬉f-9>® Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` Fitrcscl® [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn dftnrfi gi n`ulsâc quifgc usigc bc` gdòxdgc gn tdtëfdc rutdlc `dbrcfdzigc WW Fdoocl®. Brn`ns C/I Jnl-brn`n gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXL Jnl-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® RIH [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 8= ½B.

 

92:

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

]IL@H[^DW HDWCBCFBNFW[CL ®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

pA nftrn nftrn 7,= n 4,= Nxtri Nxtritc tc clncsc clncsc gn bc bcbc bc..

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Brn`ns Lcêþns Hdltrcs sclirns n hcr`uliêþns pòs-scl Adgritiftns @ésbiris Bcfgdbdcfigcrns ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5

Hdltrcs Fnc Anldcpif® , Hc`kldf AB® , Adgrcvdtcf ;7® , Libtdl ® , Ldpcssc`is ]@L Adgritiftn® , RO-Df﬋ux ® , I`ifguldffnn® , Ivnfc-

 lit ® , Fildgcfn® n Xnjnquit ®.

Brn`ns Lcêþns t÷fdbis ]rcgutcs dfhiftds Qi`pus

]I]ITI H[^DWI]CF K®

]I]ITI AJ

]I[IHCL® 9;4:

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA nftrn 7,= n 4,= Nxtritc pipidi.bcfbnftrigc gn

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Bcfgdbdcfigcrns ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5

Badtcjlybif® , Nlistdfcl +® , Odfntdf L® , Fildgcfn® , Futrdpnptdgns® , ]aysdcjnfyl ® , [ihhnr`dfn® , Rtrubturdfn® , I`ifguldfn I`ifguldfn® , Ivnfcliit t ® , Libtdl ® n Xnjnquit ®.

BI[DBI ]I]ITI ]I]ITI (]I]ITI) (]I]ITI) H[^DW NQ NQW[IBW  W[IBW 

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc ldbc gn pipidi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Hcr`uliêþns piri i`ibdir i pnln n cs biknlcs qunritdfdzigcs n rnssnbigcs n piri prcgutcs iftd`ifbais.

GCGNBIFN 

 Iltnrfitdvi XNJNWIL XNJNWIL piri n`cldnftns gnrdvigcs gn Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,= n 4,= pntròlnc bc`c Rdldbcfn, ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. Dscanxignbifc n òlnc `dfnril.

Wcgis is kisns.

921

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

]CLTRDLDBCFN-9>

Bc`pcstc gn brc`òhcrcs Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 4,= qun nstâc ifnxigcs i ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. bigndis gn pcldsdlcxifc pcldsdlcxifc..

]BI-FI

RCGD^@ ]BI

Ril sògdbc gc ébdgc pdrrcldgcfi birkcxàldbc pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> (]BI), gnrdvigc jlutë`dbc, cktdgcgci ébdgc pirtdr gc `nliêc gi bifi-gn -iêõbir.

]N]AI®-IBWDXN

ZIWN[ (IFG) ILJIN NQW[IBW 

]N]AI®-][CWNBW

ZIWN[ (IFG) JLTBN[DF (IFG) BDW[DLL^R LIFIW^R (ZIWN[@NLCF) H^DW NQW[IBW 

]I[RCL RLQ

]N]DFC AJ

B^B^@DR RIWDX^R (B^B^@KN[) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Jäds trifslõbdgcs N`ulsþns C/I n I/C Hdltrcs sclirns ]rcgutcs bipdlirns

]cr snr u` nlntròldtc pcgnré ihntir n`ulsþns

Hcr`uliêþns bcs`ätdbis piri pnln, biknlcs, `iqudijn` n fâc d÷fdbis, `nftn iqunlis nspnbdilbc` prcgutcsnsclirns prcgutcs bipdlirns élbccds jrixcs ntcxdligcs Qi`pus Kisns qun fâc snei` ihntigis n ti`kä` i vdsbcsdgign pnli prnsnfêi gn nlntròldtcs. nlntròldtcs. gn jäds gn birk÷`nrc. Brn`ns Lcêþns Nxtritc gn Gufildnlli sildfi ]rnpiriêþns qun bcf- Jäds pA nftrn 2,= n 8,= prcguzdgc pcr kdctnbfc- tnfai` ntifcl ibd`i gn Rärufs iftdnfvnlanbd`nftc iftdnfvnlanbd`nftc lcjdi. >=%. [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i >= ½B. ]rnpiriêþns iftdnfvnlanbd`nf iftdnfvnlanbd`nftc tc n pòs-scl Bc`pcstc gn éjui, jldbn]rctntcrns sclirns pA nftrn 2,= n 8,= rdfi n nxtritc gn Bdtrdllus Kisns qun bcftnfai` [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi ntifcl ibd`i gn >=%  lifitus (`nlifbdi) hisn iqucsi n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 8= ½B.

Nxtritc vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= ldbc gn pnpdfc. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns @ésbiris Lcêþns adgritiftns Jäds Lndtns

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

924

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

kdclcjdbi`nftn Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 1,= Wrdpnptàgnc itdvc ‒ ]]2 ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns adgritiftns Jäds Kisns piri nshcldiêâc n  pnnldfj

]N[HNBWDCF R]AN[NR®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

@dbrcnshnris qun pcspA nftrn >,= n :,= sun` i prcprdngign gn gdhritir i luz.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` Fitrcscl® Jnl gn ]lurdjnl® Lcêâc Hludgi Qild﬉f 9> ®

]ATBC [:>®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

gn li`dfirdi pA nftrn 7,> n 1,= Nxtritc gdjdtiti.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

ATG[CLTUNG RCT ][CWNDF 

]rctnàfis nxtriàgis gis sn`nftns gn scei. Nssn N`ulsþns itdvc ä cktdgc pcr adgròldsn Kisns qun bcftnfai` @dbrcn`ulsþns pA nftrn 7,= n :,= tctil n` i`dfcébdgcs n `ids gn ;>% n` élbccl. Rdstn`is surhibtiftns

]N[HNBWDCF ]N]WDGN ]2

]ATLGN[@®  XNJNWIL B;

hriêþns gn pnptàgncs gn pnsc `clnbulir gn 9.===

]ATWIL^[CFIWN®

LCB^RW KNIF (BN[IWCFDI RDDLDY^I) J^@ 

]ATWCBNLLWNBÅ @IL^R GC@NRWDBI cr

@IL^R GC@NRWDBI H[^DW BNLL B^LW^[N NQW[IBW (IFG) QIFWAIF J^@ (IFG) JLTBN[DF (IFG) LNBDWADF (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL (IFG) IY^I/ ZIWN[.

]ATWCGN[@DFÅ

RCTKNIF (JLTBDFN RCEI) ][CWNDF NQW[IBW 

i 9=.===iqucsi giltcfs.vdsbcsi Rcluêâc gn u`i hriêâc ilti`nftn pA nftrn 2,= n 4,= purd﬉bigi gn jilibtc`ififis gnrdvigis gis sn`nftns gn hruti pâc. ]rnpiribic ldpcssc`il bc` kisn n` bälulispA nftrn 7,= n 4,= trcfbc gn `iêâ sudbi riri (^ttwdlnr Rpçtliukn)

Jäds bc` `nfcs gn ;>% gn élbccl

Kisns qun bcftnfai` ntifcl.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

Cktdgc gn u` prcbnssc gn nxtriêâc, Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,1 nspnbdil bc`pcstc gn bc`pcfnf- ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. tns gi @NB gi scei.

97=

]rnpiriêþns piri c budgigc gi pnln. [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 1= ½B. Brn`ns Lcêþns brn`csis Rärufs W÷fdbc bipdlir Brn`ns C/I Jnl-brn`n gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXL Jnl-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® RIH Jnl gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXB Jnl gn I`djnl® RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

]ATWCRIFÅ

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

ZIWN[ (IFG) JLTBN[DF (IFG) JLTBDFN RCEI (RCTKNIF) RNNG NQW[IBW 

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Gnrdvigc gn plifti, qun pA nftrn 2,= n :,> bcftä` prctnàfis, jldbcprctnàfis n pcldssibiràgncs dscligcs gi scei.

]rcgutc cktdgc kdctnbfclcjdbi`nftn pnli hnr`nf- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi tiêâc gn lnvnguris (]dbadi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. bdhnrrdd ). ).

]ATWCR]ADFJCRDFN

]ATWCR]ADFJCRDFN 

pA n` 8,=

]LIBNFWI

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA nftr nftrnn >,> >,> n :, :,>> Nxtrit Nxtritcc gn pplib libnft nfti. i.

®

]CLD@N[C E[->®

]CLD@N[C L[-2®

]CLTY^IWN[FD^@-9= (IFG) ZIWN[

]CLTY^IWN[FD^@-9= (IFG) ZIWN[

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Adgrcxdntdlbnlulcsn biAdgrcxdntdlbnlulcsn td÷fdbi. pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> Rcluêâc iqucsi gn pcldquirtärfdc-9= gn `ägdc pnsc `clnbulir. Adgrcxdntdlbnlulcsn Adgrcxdntdlbnlulc sn bitd÷fdbi. pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> Rcluêâc iqucsi gn pcldquirtärfdc-9= pcldquirtärfdc -9= gn iltc pnsc `clnbulir.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Kisns buec pA ﬉fil nstnei hcri gi hidxi nstiknlnbdgi. Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Brn`ns C/I Jnl-brn`n gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXL Jnl-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® RIH Jnl gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXB Jnl gn I`djnl® [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir gn NGWI fi hcr`uliêâc. Birkcpcl ^ltrnz 9=® Lcêâc Fdoocldpdg 19R® bc` ]lurdjnl® Lcêâc Qild﬉f 9>® Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds gn ld`pnzi Rikcfntn làqudgc Lcêâc t÷fdbi Brn`ns n lcêþns piri c bcrpc b crpc Hcr`uliêþns piri biknlc Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns W÷fdbcs Brn`ns Lcêþns adgritiftns Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns W÷fdbcs Brn`ns Lcêþns adgritiftns

 

979

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

]CLD@N[C CQ->®

]NJ-97@ (IFG) ZIWN[

]cldòxdgc gn ntdlnfc. pA nftrn :,= n 4,= Rcluêâc iqucsi gn ]NJ97 @.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]CLD@N[C Z-;>®

]NJ-4=@ (IFG) ZIWN[

]cldòxdgc gn ntdlnfc. pA nftrn :,= n 4,= [nsdfi fâc d÷fdbi adgrcssclõvnl.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

CLNI N^[C]INI (CLDXN) H[^DW NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> Nxtritc vnjntil adgrcjldbòld- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi

]CLTJ[NNF® 

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Qi`pus Brn`ns [dfsns Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Rikcfntns làqudgcs n n` kirri ]rnpiriêþns piri `issijnfs Lcêþns ]rnpiriêþns piri kirknir Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns @ésbiris Hdfildzigcrns Rikcfntns làqudgcs cu n` kirri ]rnpiriêþns ilbcòldbis piri `issijnfs Lcêþns Brn`ns ]rnpiriêþns piri kirknir Jäds Brn`ns Lcêþns Qi`pus

HCLAIR GN CLDXI

bc gn hclais gn cldvndri.

ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

97;

Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Rikcfntns Gnscgcriftns

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

]CLTJ[NNF® CLDXI CL

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

CLNI N^[C]NIN (N^) (IFG) CLNI N^[C]NIN (CLDXN) H[^DW CDL (^R).

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

pA nftrn nftrn 22,> ,> n 1,= 1,= Òln Òlncc gn cldv cldvii rn﬉ rn﬉fig figcc.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) N`ulsþns Lndtns Brn`ns Òlncs bcrpcrids Bcfgdbdcfigcrns @ésbiris bipdlirns Kitcfs Kisns [à`nl Lépds gnldfnigcr Rikcfntns n` kirri ]rcgutcs dfhiftds Lnfêcs u`ngnbdgcs

]CLTJ[NNF®  RCHWCLDXN

ATG[CJNFIWNG CLDXN CDL ^FRI]CFDHDIKLNR (IFG) ATG[CJNFIWNG NWATLANQTL CLDXIWN (IFG) GDK^WTL  IGD]IWN   IGD]I WN 

vnjntil ic usc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,> n :,=  Iltnrfitdvi gn sdldbcfns. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]CLTLIB ® 928 I

BNWTL LIBWIWN 

pA nftrn nftrn >>,> ,> n :,> :,> Ästnr Ästnr gn ébdgc g c létdb létdbcc.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Gn`iqudliftns N`ulsþns adgritiftns Brn`ns ]rnpiriêþns piri érni gcs clacs Bcfgdbdcfigcrns @cgnligcrns @ésbiris Hdfildzigcrns bipdlirns N`ulsþns Òlncs sclirns Kitcfs Kisns làqudgis Gn`iqudliftns ]rnpiriêþns bipdlirns n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis.

 

972

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

]CLTLIB® 97 L@

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

@T[DRWTL LIBWIWN 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Libtitc gn `drdstdli. Bcfs- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,> n :,> tdtud-sn n` u` ästnr gn ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. ébdgc létdbc.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Brn`ns Lcêþns Òlncs n pc`igis bcrpcrids Kitcfs Gnldfnigcrns Lépds Kisns làqudgis Bcfgdbdcfigcrn Bcfgdbdcfigcrnss @ésbiris bipdlirns

]CLT@CL 19;

BI][TLDB (IFG) BI][DB W[DJLTBN[DGNR

pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> Wrdjldbnràgnc làqudgc gn ébdgcs jrixcs.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

N`ulsþns

]CLT@CL IGK

GDK^WTL IGD]IWN 

pA nftr nftrnn 7, 7,== n 8, 8,>> Igdppitc itc gn ggdku dkutdl tdli. i.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

N`ulsþns

]CLT@CL BWX

GNBTL CLNIWN 

pA nftr nftrnn 7, 7,== n 88,> ,> Clnitc Clnitc gn gnbd gnbdlli. i.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

N`ulsþns

DRC][C]TL @T[DRWIWN 

pA nftrn nftrn 7,= n 8,> 8,> @drdsstitc titc gn dscprcpd dscprcpdlli. i.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

N`ulsþns

DRC][C]TL ]IL@IWIWN  ]IL@IWIWN 

pA nftrn nftrn 7,= 7,= n 8,> ]i ]il`d l`dtitc titc gn dsc dscprc prcpdl pdli. i.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

N`ulsþns

CBWTL ]IL@DWI ]IL@DWIWN  WN 

pA nftr nftrnn 7, 7,== n 8, 8,>> ]i ]il`d l`dtitc titc gn ccbtd btdlli. i.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

N`ulsþns

LI^[TL @NWAIB[TLIWN/JLTBCL GD@NWAIB[TLIWN B[CRR]CLT@N[ (IFG) GD@NWADBCFN 

pA nftrn 2,= n 99,=

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Hcr`uliêþns nshcldiftns n` jnl Brn`ns @ésbiris Rikcfntns n cutris hcr`uliêþns

]CLT@CL D]@ ]CLT@CL D]] ]CLT@CL C]

]CLTW[I] :9==®

@ibrcnspcfei nshärdbi bcftnfgc 2>% gd`ntdbcfn.

]CLTW[I] :9>=®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA nftrn 2,= n 99,=

Nshnris gn pcld`ntibrdlitc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi gn ldjiêâc bruzigi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

977

Hcr`uliêþns nshcldiftns n` jnl Brn`ns @ésbiris Rikcfntns n cutris hcr`uliêþns

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

]ctéssdc qunligc n` scluêâc.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Brn`ns Lcêþns Lndtns

]CWÉRRDC KDCR®  Y^NLIWC

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA nftrn 4,= n 9=,>

][C-RXNLWTL ®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Bcftn` ivcfòdgns nxpA nftrn ;,= n :,= triàgcs gi ﬋cr gn lòtus Fnlu`kc fubdhnri

RDLIFNW[DCL (IFG) ATG[CLTUNG BCLLIJNF (IFG) ATG[CLTUNG [DBN ][CWNDF (IFG) JLTBN[DF 

 Isscbdiêâc gn sdlifntrdcl, Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn ;,> n >,> bcléjnfc `irdfac n ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. pnptàgncs gc irrcz.

][Ò]CLDR AJ

][C]CLDR NQW[IBW 

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= Nxtritc ldbc gn pròpclds. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

[Ò]CLDR CL

][C]CLDR NQW[IBW 

vnjntil clncsc gn pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= Nxtritc pròpclds.

ATG[CLTUNG BCLLIJNF 

Bcléjnfc adgrcldsigc. Rcluêâc iqucsi gn Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> pnptàgncs gn bcléjnfc purd﬉bigc nxtriàgi i pirtdr ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. gn pnln kcvdfi.

][CBCLLIRTL®

][CWNDFIF

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Jäds ]rnpiriêþns iftdssäptdbis ]rnpiriêþns rnjulirdzigcris gn clncsdgign nxbnssdvi gi pnln ]rnpiriêþns iftdssäptdbis piri pnln clncsi ]rnpiriêþns rnjulirdzigcris gi kirrndri ldpàgdbi  Ildsiftns Wdfturis Bcfgdbdcfigcrn Bcfgdbdcfigcrnss Brn`ns [dfsns Lcêþns Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Kifacs gn nspu`i Rikcfntns ]rnpiriêþns gnr`cbcs`ätdbis N`ulsþns

 

97>

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

][CW[DJC

ATG[CLTUNG ZANIW ][CWNDF 

pA nftrn 7,= n 8,=

][CXDRLD@Å

][C]IFNGDCL (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) HDRNWDF (IFG) [IR]KN[[T ONWCFN 

pA nftrn 2,> n 8,>

]RCGN[@IQ®

GNBI]N]WDGN 98 (IFG) CLDJC]N]WDGN >4

pA nftrn >,= n :,>

]^L]IBWTL ®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA nftrn 2,= n :,=

ATG[CLTUNG ON[IWDF 

pA nftrn 7,= n 8,=

ATG[CLTUNG ON[IWDF (IFG) B[NIWDFN 

pA nftrn 7,= n 8,=

Y^N[IWIF

Y^N[IW[DQ

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

 Ildsiftns Wdfturis Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Brn`ns n rdfsijnfs piri ]rctnàfi adgrcldsigi gc biknlcs trdjc. Bcftä` pnptàgncs Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi Lcêþns vnjntids crdjdférdcs gc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. Qi`pus bcfgdbdcfigcrns trdjc. Kifacs gn nspu`i Rikcfntns ]rnpiriêþns gnr`itclòjdbis N`ulsþns Brn`ns Brn`ns Bc`pcstc gn ﬉sntdfi n gn Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi Lcêþns hri`kdfcfi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. Rärufs ]nptàgnc Fifcssc`igc Kisns qun bcftnfai` Jnl bc`pcstc gn hrij`nftcs `itärdis-prd`is crjëfd- Jnl-brn`n itdvcs gn DL-7 n DL-9= bis n tnfscitdvcs. ]c`igi Jäds Nxtriàgc gc ikròtifc Jäds-brn`n Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ( Irtn`dsdi ikrctifu`  Irtn`dsdi ikrctifu`), rdbc N`ulsþns ldtnrituri bcfsultigi Lcêþns adgrcilbòcldbis (itä n` cldjcsàgncs ;=% gn ntifcl) Qi`pus Rcluêâc gn qunritdfi Bcfgdbdcfigcrns [nstiurigcrns gnsbrdti(s) fi bipdlirns adgrcldsigi gn kidxc pnsc Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. `clnbulir.  Ildsiftns Hcr`uliêþns piri ufais Qi`pus Rcluêâc gn qunritdfi Bcfgdbdcfigcrns adgrcldxigi gn kidxc pnsc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi [nstiurigcrns bipdlirns `clnbulir bc`plnxigi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.  Ildsiftns bc` brnitdfi. Hcr`uliêþns piri ufais

978

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

Y^DBOR^FW@ BLNI[

ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) BDBAC[D^@ DFWDK^R (BADBC[T) [CCW NQW[IBW (IFG) ]WTBAC]NWIL^@ CLIBCDGNR NQW[IBW 

Y^DBOR^FW@ @IWWN

ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) BDBAC[D^@ DFWDK^R (BADBC[T) [CCW NQW[IBW (IFG) JT@FN@I RTLXNRW[N LNIH  NQW[IBW 

Y^DWCRIF RL

BADWCRIF 

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Rcluêâc bcftnfgc u`i `dsturi gn nxtritc gn snlvijn` cu pA nftrn ;,= n 8,= badbòrdi bc`u` (Bdbacrdu` dftykus  L.) n `iripui`i (]tybac pntilu` clibcdgns clibcdgns). Rcluêâc gn bcr nsburi qun bcftä` u`i `dsturi gn nxtritc gn badbòrdi pA nftrn ;,= n 8,= snlvijn` cu bc`u` (Bdbacrdu` dftykus L.) n jy`fn`i (Jy`fn`i  sylvnstrn)

gn pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= Jldbcsi`dfcjldbifis crdjn` `irdfai.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

[nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir ic ﬉fil gi hcr`uliêâc n sck ijdtiêâc bcfstiftn n` tn`pnrituri gn 2= µB.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

[nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fc ﬉fil gi hcr`uliêâc n sck ijdtiêâc bcfstiftn n` tn`pnrituri gn 2= µB.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns [nstiurigcrns bipdlirns @ésbiris bipdlirns [dfsijnfs Brn`ns Jäds Lcêþns ]rnpiriêþns piri c budgigc gc rcstc [nstiurigcrns Brn`ns gn `issijn` Hctcprctntcrns Krcfznigcrns Rikcfntns Kifacs gn nspu`i Gnscgcriftns.

 

97:

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

[IGDUNF I®

[IHHN[@DFN ®

[I[C H^BCRN®

[IR]I GN E^É AJ

971

 

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

ATG[CLTUNG RCT HLC^[

KDCRIBBAI[DG GN N J^@-D 

 UDUT]A^R ECIUND[C ECIUND[C KI[O NQW[I NQW[IBW  BW 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

]il`dtitc gn rntdfdli, ibntitc gn tcbchnrdli n pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= gnrdvigcs gn vdti`dfi B isscbdigcs í kdc﬋ivcfcdgns.

N` pA ibd`i gn 7,=

pA nftrn 2,= n 9=,=

Nxtritc adgrcldsigc gn `n`krifis gn Jlybdfn  scyi, bc` iltc bcftnõgc n` jldbcprctnàfis (nxtnfsdfi) n pcldssibiràgncs (pnbtdfi).

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) N`ulsþns

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Jäds-brn`n fâcdfbcrpcrir d÷fdbcs n` [nbc`nfgi-sn tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB n i igdêâc gn iftdcxdgiftn n gn qunliftn.

Jnl gn Birkcpcl® ]lurdjnl® cu ^ltrnz 9=® Jnl fâc d÷fdbc (FitrcBrn`n-jnl Fdoocldpdg 19R® bc` ® scl ). ]lurdjnl® Rcuêþns adgrcilbcòldbis Lcêâc Qild﬉f 9>® bcftnfgc `ids qun ;=% Rärufs gn ]lurdjnl® gn ntifcl. Lcêþns Brn`ns Rärufs

]cldssibiràgncs. Ä bc`pcstc gn iêõbirns rircs, L-Hubcsn, G-Jilibtcsn, Ébdgc jilibtur÷fdbc n L-[ai`fcsn, Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi tcgcs cktdgcs pcr kdctnb- ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Hctcprctntcrns ]rcgutcs pòs-scl

fclcjdi. Nssi bc`pcsdêâc pcldssibiràgdbi ä bcfanbdgi bc`c “iêõbirns rircs‐.

]rcgutcs bipdlirns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 1= µB.

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc ldbc gn rispi gn eué. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Hcr`uliêþns piri triti`nftc bipdlir ]rcgutcs piri adjdnfn pnsscil n piri c triti`nftc t riti`nftc gn pnlns ibfndbis

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

R^B[CRN ]IL@DWIWN (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) BI][TLDB/BI][DB W[DJLTBN[DGN (IFG) JLTBN[TL LDFCLNIWN (IFG) BC@@D]AC[I @^O^L [NRDF NQW[IBW (IFG) RCGD^@ ATIL^[CFIWN (IFG) WCBC]AN[CL (IFG) BDW[DB IBDG ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL, ]CWIRRD^@ RC[KIWN 

[NGNFR—DF

CQDGC [NG^BWIRNR (IFG) JLTBDFN RCTI (RCTKNIF) ][CWNDF (IFG) ATG[CLTRNG [DBN K[IF ][CWNDF 

[NJ^®-IJN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

 Ébdgc adilur÷fdbc (IA) n pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> nxtritc gn Bc``dpacri  `uoul.

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Rärufs N`uldifbn

Bcfstdtuàgc gn scei purd﬉bigi n pnptàgncs Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,> n 1,= gn irrcz n gn prctnàfi cktdgi gn lnvnguris prc- ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. guzdgis pcr kdctnbfclcjdi.

[NJ^®-RNK

 I[JIFDI R]DF FCRI CRI ON[FNL NQW NQW[IBW  [IBW 

[NJ^®-RAI]N

[NJ^®-RLD@

DRC@N[DUNG LDFCLNDB IBDG (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) LNBDWADF (IFG) JLTBN[DF JLTBN[DF (IFG) ]CLDRC[KIWN 1=

@ILWCGNQW[DF (IFG) BIHHNDFN (IFG) @ILWCGNQW[DF ]I^LDFNI B^]IFI RNNG NQW[IBW (IFG) BI[FDWDFN (IFG) @DB[CB[TRWILDFN BNL^LCRN (IFG) BTRWNDB IBDG (IFG) ]IFWNWANDFN R^LHCFIWN 

]cldhnfòds (ldjfifis n ﬉tcnstnròds) crdufgcs gc pA nftrn >,= n 1,= Riw pil`nttc n sn`nftn gn jnrjnld` n` òlnc gn érjifc.

Kisns qun bcftnfai` ntifcl ibd`i gn 9=%.

Fifcn`ulsâc bcftnfgc ébdgc ldfclndbc bcfeujigc pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= n lnbdtdfi cktdgi i pirtdr gn nxtritcs gn jdrisscl n bérti`c.

Kisns qun bcftnfai` ntifcl.

pA `nfcr qun :,=

Bc`pcstc prdfbdpil`nftn gn nxtritc gn juirifé, birfdtdfi, bihnàfi, ébdgc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi bdstndbc, piftntdf-R-Rul- ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. hcfitc.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Brn`ns n jäds iftdnfvnllanbd`nftc piri c triti`nftc gi érni ic rngcr gcs clacs n budgigc gi pnln [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB fi hisn iqucsi gi hcr`uliêâc. Hcr`uliêþns piri pnln bc`c n`ulsþns cdl hrnn n jäds-brn`n [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn clncsi n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 1= ½B. Hcr`uliêþns `cgnligcris, rngutcris gn `ngdgis n piri adgrcldpcgdstrc﬉i adgrcldpcgdstrc ﬉i jdfcdgn [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi prnpiriêâc ﬉fildzigi n i hrdc bc` i igdêâc gn iftdcxdgiftn. Hcr`uliêþns `cgnligcris, rngutcris gn `ngdgis n piri adgrcldpcgdstrc﬉i adgrcldpcgdstrc ﬉i jdfcdgn [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi gn n`ulsþns n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i := ½B.

 

974

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

[NLDNXNFN  RO  ®

[N@CG^LDFN ®

[N@CLGHIBN®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

[ACGDCLI [CRNI [CCW NQW[IBW (IFG) BI[FCRDFN (IFG) ILIFTL JL^WI@DFN 

ZIWN[ (IFG) ][C]TLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) BDW[^R I[IFWD^@ I@I[I (KDWWN[ C[IFJN) (IFG) HLCZN[ NQW[IBW 

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Bc`pcstc gn nxtritc gn rcsni, pA nftrn 8,= n :,= [acgdcli L-Birfcsdfi n ilifdl jluti`dfi

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Rärufs ]cgn iu`nftir sdjfd﬉bi- N`ulsþns tdvi`nftn i vdsbcsdgign Brn`ns gis hcr`uliêþns (kisns) Lcêþns Kélsi`cs qun bcftnfai` bnris @ésbiris jrixis gn iltc pnsc   `clnbulir (iu`nftc dfbcrpcrir i hrdc, cksnrvigc ipòs 2 cu 7 [nbc`nfgi-sn ipòs gdspnrsâc n` prcpdlnfcjldsn`ifis gi prnpiriêâc bcl, jldbnrdfi, tnfscitdvcs ntcxdgi hòr`uli). ligcs cu ästnrns n`cldnftns.

 Iprnsnfti ﬋ivcfis `ntcxdligis (lnutncldfi n ipdjnfdfi) n ﬋ivcfcfis gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn ;,= n :,= (anspnrdgdfi n anspnrdtdfi) Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. is quids sâc dscligis gn u`i hriêâc nfrdqunbdgi gc nxtritc gn lirifei i`irji. Bc`kdfiêâc sdfärjdbi gn ﬉tcnbgdstnròdgns gn [ai pcftdbu` birtai`cdgns birtai`cdgns Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,> n 1,> ([idz gn ldtnrituri bcfsultigi @iril) n gnrdvigcs trdtnr Udzypaus spdpåfdbcs gn nspdfcsc)  fcsi (Izuhidhc

[NFNZ UT@N®

9>=  

LIBWCKIBDLL^R//]^FDBI J[IFIW^@ H[^DW HN[@NFW NQW[IBW 

gn ]ufdbi jripA nftrn 2,> n :,= Nfzd`is  fitu`.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

N`ulsþns d÷fdbis cu fâc d÷fdbis Jäds d÷fdbcs n fâc d÷fdbcs Brn`n Qild﬉f 9>® Lcêâc Fdoocldpdg 19R® bc` ]lurdjnl® [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir i hrdc. Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n Rärufs @cussns ]rcgutcs sclirns Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n @ésbiris

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

[NFCXATIL

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

Ä u` ébdgc adilur÷fdbc gn kidxc pnsc `clnbulir fi hcr`i sògdbi. C ébdgc adilur÷fdbc ä u` kdcpclà`nrc pA nftrn 7,> n >,= ldfnir qun pnrtnfbn ís ldbcsi`dfcjldbifis (JIJs). C pnsc `clnbulir gc [nfcvayil nsté nftrn 9>.=== n >=.===.

RCGD^@ ATIL^[CFIWN 

[N]ID[ BC@]LNQ®

BC@]CRDÊÂC

LTRIWN H[C@ KDHDGC KIBWN[DI

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Hcr`uliêþns gdvnrsis5 rnpirigcrns n iftdijdfj piri c budgigc gi pnln? ﬉r`igcrns, pòs-sclirns,, pòs-kirki, `iqudipòs-sclirns jnfs làqudgis. [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri i`kdnftn cu ilti, iftns cu ipòs i n`ulsd﬉biêâc n`ulsd﬉biêâc.. Rn i igdêâc cbcrrnr ipòs i n`ulsd﬉biêâc, c [nfcvayil gnvn snr sclukdldzigc n` éjui.

 Itdvc cktdgckdctnbfclòjdbc gn bulturis gn kibtärdis gc jrupc Kd﬉gc, bc`pcstc gn hriêþns gn gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 2,1 n :,= bdtcplis`i, iljufs `nti- Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. kòldtcs, `urnàfi n cutrcs pcldssibiràgncs bc`plnxcs suspnfscs n` `ndc iqucsc.

Brn`ns C/I Jnl-brn`n gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXL Jnl-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® RIH Jnl gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXB Jnl gn I`djnl®  . [nbc`nfgi-sn qun c iqunbd`nftc snei dfhnrdcr i >= ½B.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n Rdstn`is surhibtiftns Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

[ACGC—LÆWNÅ ; (]I[IKNF H[NN)

ZIWN[ (IFG) [ACGCBA[CRDWN NQW[IBW 

Nxtritc `dfnril gn pngri pA nftrn 2,= n :,= sn`dprnbdcsi5 rcgcbrcsdti, Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi rdbi n` `ifjifås ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. (9,= j-2,> j/L).

[ACGTRWN[CL®

][C]TLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) GDNWATLANQCFCIWN GDNWATLANQCFCI WN (IFG) JNLDGD^@ BI[WDLIJDFN^@ FN^@ NQW[IBW 

Nstnrcl nxtriàgc gn ilji pA nftrn >,= n 8,> vnr`nlai.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

 

9>9

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

[DKCQTL®

[DKCRN 

[C@Â AJ

]^FDBI J[IFIW^@ NQW[IBW 

RILDQ ]NNL®

RILDQ ILKI (ZDLLCZ) KI[O NQW[IBW 

RI@K^B^R IC

JLTBN[DF (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) RI@K^B^R FDJ[I (IFG) ]CWIRRD^@ RC[KIWN (IFG) RCGD^@ KNFUCIWN 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

]rcgutcs nfnrjdziftns, rnvdtildziftns, ﬉r`igcrns ]nftcsn fituril cktdgi pcr Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ]rnpiriêþns piri cs budgigcs pA nftrn 7,= n 1,= kdctnbfclcjdi gc `dlac. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. gc rcstc [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB. Hcr`uliêþns hctcprctntcris Krcfznigcrns Qi`pus n Bcfgdbdcfigcrn Bcfgdbdcfigcrnss Nxtritc vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= ldbc gn rc`â. tcfildziftns ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. Jäds Lcêþns igstrdfjnftns n bdbitrdziftns N` sdstn`is fâc d÷fdbcs Cktdgc gi Rildx ilki  N`ulsþns (siljundrc-krifbc) pcr (siljundrc-krifbc) Rärufs bc` sdstn- Jäds pA nftrn 2,> n :,= prcbnssc gn kdchnr`nf- Dfbc`pitàvnl `is ifd÷fdbcs ifd÷fdbcs.. tiêâc bc` is kibtärdis Jäds-brn`n Libtckibdllus us libtds. Rikcfntns Gnscgcriftns ]rnpiriêþns piri c budgigc gis pnrfis. Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir ic Nxtritc ﬋udgc gn ﬋crns gn pA nftrn 7,= n :,= Ri`kubus fdjri. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. ﬉fil gi prnpiriêâc n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 8= ½B.

9>;

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Cktdgc i pirtdr gc nxtritc

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds

RB^L]WNRRNFBN®

RNIZNNG NQW[I]CF®

ZIWN[, JLTBN[DF, LDF^R ^RDWIWDRRD@^@ (LDFR^G) RNNG NQW[IBW 

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA nftrn ;,= n 9;,=

jldbòldbc gn Ldfus usdtitdssd `u` (Ldfsug). Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ]cld-aclcsàgncs ]cld-aclcsàg ncs purd﬉bigcs ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. gi ldfsnng  rdbc  rdbc n` xdlcsn.

jldbòldbc gn iljis pA nftrn 7,= n 4,= Nxtritc `irdfais.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Rärufs ]rcgutcs iftdijdfj Hdr`igcrns bcrpcrids [n`cgnligcrns hibdids Kélsi`cs likdids [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi cu fc ﬉fil gc prcbnssc (i hrdc cu i qunftn). Jäds Brn`ns n lcêþns adgritiftns W÷fdbcs Rikcfntns làqudgcs piri i prnvnfêâc nHcr`uliêþns bc`kitn í adgrcldpcgdstrc﬉i jdfcdgn n nstrdis Bcfgdbdcfigcrns ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5

Ngnsil ® , Dcgctrit ® , [n`cguldfn [n`cguldfn® , Ldpcrngubty ® l, [ihhnr`dfn® , Iqui Ldbcrdbn Nxtribt ]^ ® , Iznlcjldbdfi® , Cldjcdgyfn-D Bc`plnx  Bc`plnx ® ,  Udfbdgcfn® , Iuxdfi Wrdbòjnfi Wrdbòjnfi® , Wdcsdldfi Bc`plnx 2=® , I`ifgu ldfn® , Ivnfclit  Ivnfclit ® , Badtcjlybif® , Hc`kldf AB/;>® n Xnjnquit ®.

RNKCFC[@DFN ®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA nftrn 7,= n 9=,=

Nxtritc adgrcilbcòldbc cktdgc gi Rpdrini ul`irdi, bcftä` ébdgc jéldbc n tifdfcs

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Fâc ä rnbc`nfgigi i `ifdpuliêâc n` jnl Fitrcscl® cu jnl-brn`n Fifcbcllcdgyl ;=;;®.

Brn`ns Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® Hcr`uliêþns iftdibfädbis, iftdssnkcrrädbis n gn nhndtc `itn

 

9>2

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

RNKCR]AN[N®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Xnsàbulis `ultdli`nlirns (> ¾` i 9= ¾`) qun nfbipsuli` c ébdgc pA nftrn 8,1 n :,1 91-kntijldbdrrntàf 91-kntijldbdrrntàfdbc dbc gn zdfbc (cktdgc gi adgròldsn gc ébdgc jldbdrràzdbc gi Jlybyrradzi jlikri).

RNGI GN I[[CU

RDLDBI (H[C@ [DBN/  C[TUI RIWDXI L).

Òxdgc gn sdlàbdc crjëfdbc pA nftrn 8,= n 4,= cktdgc pcr bilbdfiêâc gnrdvigi gn irrcz.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

RNLÅFDC KDCR®  Y^NLIWC

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Kisns bc` ébdgcs n élbilds.

RNFR—ATIL

ZIWN[, [ADUCKDIF J^@, RCGD^@ ATIL^[CFIWN, ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL, BALC[]ANFNRDF 

Yunlitc gn snlåfdc n` pA nftrn 8,= n 1,= scluêâc. @dsturi gn ébdgc adilur÷fdpA nftrn >,= n >,> bc n scldjnl (>=/>=) n` u`i gdludêâc i 9% n` éjui.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi, n` tn`pnrituri i`kdnftn, prnvdi`nftn gdssclvdgi n` éjui? fâc pcgn snr suk`ntdgi ic iqunbd`nftc iqunbd`nftc.. Wilbcs @iqudijn` ]rcgutcs gnr`cikrisdvcs Hcr`uliêþns piri `issijnfs Rikcfntns Kifacs gn nspu`i Brn`ns gnftids Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

N`uldifbn Brn`ns Rärufs

9>7

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

RNFRDLDFN®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

ATG[CLTUNG LDFRNNG NQW[IBW 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

pA `idcr qun 8,=

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Hludgc gn Fitrcscl®, Jnl-brn`n Fdoocldpdg 19R® bc` ]lurdjnl®, 19R® bc` Kisns qun bcftnfai` Lcêâc Fdoocldpdg ® Bc`pcstc gn hriêþns ]lurdjnl , cu knti adgrcxdépurd﬉bigis gn pcldssibi- ilhi Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` bdgcs. ràgncs n pnptdgncjldbifis Birkcpcl ^ltrnz®. gis sn`nftns gi ldfaiêi. Rcluêþns adgrcilbcòldbis Jäds n n`ulsþns gn fiturnzi

ibd`i gn 7=%.

RN]DZADWN @RA

®

d÷fdbi. Ä nstévnl n` scluêâc adgrcilbcòldbi itä 7=% gn élbccl.

^fgnbdlnfcdl hnfdlilifdfi. Nstévnl n` quilqunr Gnspdj`nftiftn ldpci`d- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi hidxi gn pA fcébdgc gc ébdgc ufgnbd- ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. låfdbc bc` i hnfdlilifdfi.

^FGNBTLNFCTL ]ANFTLILIFDFN 

Jäds N`ulsþns Rärufs Jäds-brn`n W÷fdbcs ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5 Hdltrcs Rclirns, ijnftns gnspdj`nftiftns ( IAIs  IAIs cu Ébdgc Oòedbc  _pA _pA < >P, Irkutdf, Adgrc-

qudfcfi cu XB-]@J _pA ≮ :P).

RN[DBDF

]rctnàfi gn iltc pnsc qun bcftnfai` pA nftrn >,= n 4,= `clnbulir dscligi gi sngi Kisns ntifcl. n sclõvnl n` éjui.

RN[DBDF 

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

]rnpiriêþns piri c triti`nftc gn pnln n pòs-scl ]rctntcrns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 1= ½B.

 

9>>

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

RNRIHLIRA

®

RNWN N[XIR AJ

RAIGCZFTLÅ RDLÀBDC KDCR®  Y^NLIWC

RDLDBD^@ ]®

JLTBN[DF (IFG) IB[TLIWNR BC]CLT@N[ (IFG) X]/]CLTBI[KI@TL ]CLTJLTBCL NRWI[ (IFG) ATG[CLTUNG RNRI@N ][CWNDF  ]J-][C]TL @NWATLRDLIFN @NWATLRDLIFNGDCL GDCL

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Nstévnl n` quilqunr Bc`kdfiêâc `clnbulir hidxi gn pA pitnftnigi.

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Jäds-brn`n Lcêþns N`ulsþns

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Nxtritc adgrcjldbòldbcvnjntil bc`pcstc gn5 gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= ilnbrd`, irfdbi, bi`c`dli, Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. bistifai-gi-àfgdi, bcfhrnd, bépsdbc n Ilcn vnri.

ZIWN[ (IFG) ILJIN NQW[IBW (IFG) ANQTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) BI][TL JLTBCL (IFG) QIFWAIF J^@ 

Nxtritc vnjntil gnIljis pA nftrn 7,= n :,= @irrcfs (Hubus vnsdbu lcsus)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA nftrn >,= n 1,= Rdlàbdc qunligc n` scluêâc.

Kisns bcftnfgc ébdgcs n élbilds.

@CFC@NWATLRDLIFNW[DCL @CFC@NWATLRDL IFNW[DCL ([NY^NRW)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn nftrn 7,> n :,= :,= Bd`n Bd`nftc ftc gär` gär`dbc dbc fituril. fituril. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Lcêþns t÷fdbis Brn`ns adgritiftns Hcr`uliêþns sclirns n iftdldpå`dbis Brn`n iftdnfvnlanbd`nf iftdnfvnlanbd`nftc tc Rärufs iftdclandris Brn`n piri rnjdâc gcs clacs @iqudijn` gn triti`nftc Brn`ns Lcêþns Qi`pus Hcr`uliêþns piri c bc`kitn ic nfvnlanbd`nftc butëfnc, prä n pòs-prcbngd`nftcs pòs-prcbngd`nf tcs nstätdbcs n bdrõrjdbcs ]rcgutcs piri ibnlnrir i bdbitrdziêâc, bil`iftns, futrdtdvcs, adgritiftns, rnjnfnrigcrns n prcgutcs piri triti`nftc `isbuldfc Lcêþns Brn`ns Jäds @ésbiris [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB.

9>8

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

RDLODCF IIR

RDL]NI[L®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

ATG[CLTUNG RDLO 

RDLIFNW[DCL (IFG) ATG[CLTUNG ]NI[L (IFG) ZIWN[

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= ]rctnàfi adgrcldsigi gi sngi.

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Adgrcldsigc gn pärcli rdbc n` bélbdc, 98 i`dfcébdgnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> gcs n pcldssibiràgncs bc` Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. nstruturi kdcgdspcfàvnl gc sdlifcl.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Brn`ns Lcêþns bcrpcrids @iqudijn` làqudgi  @ésbiris piri bàldcs Rikcfntns bc` ijnftn i`ibdiftn, adgritiftn n prctntcr gi pnln Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds W÷fdbcs Rärufs [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB.

RODF ZADWNFDFJ

KNI[KN[[T (I[BWCRWI]ATL^R ^XI-^[RD) NQW[IBW (IFG) IR]N[JDLL^R HN[@NFW

BC@]LNQ

(IFG) J[I]NH[^DW NQW[IBW (IFG) [DBN(BDW[^R (C[DUI J[IFGDR) RIWDXI) K[IF NQW[IBW )

RODFHLIW

BIHHNDFN IFG ][C]TLNFN JLTBCL

gn bihnàfi n pA nftrn 8,= n 1,=  Isscbdiêâc prcpdlnfcjldbcl.

BN[I@DGN 2 (IFG) BN[I@DGN 8 DD (IFG) BN[I@DGN D (IFG) ]ATWCR]ADFJCRDFN ]ATWCR]ADFJCRDFN (IFG) BACLNRWN[CL (IFG) RCGD^@ LI^[TL LIBWTLIWN (IFG) BI[KC@N[ (IFG)  QIFWAIF J^@ 

RO-DFHL^Q

®

Nxtritcs gn  jripnhrudt , uvi-ursd, irrcz n kdchnr`nftigc gn Ispnrjdllus.

pA 7,=

pA nftrn >,= n :,= Bcfbnftrigc gn bnri`dgis n ldpàgncs.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Jnl gn birk÷`nrc.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Jäds fâc d÷fdbcs N`ulsþns Jnl-brn`n gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXL Jnl-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® RIH Jnl gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXB Jnl gn I`djnl® Brn`ns C/I Brn`ns n lcêþns I/C C^ C/I Jäds cdl hrnn Brn`n Qild﬉f 9>® Hcr`uliêþns pòs-scl, piri is `âcs Rikcfntns làqudgcs n n` kirri ]rcgutcs dfhiftds n adgritiftns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir i hrdc.

 

9>:

 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

RLD@K^RWN[ A®

ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFNJLTBCL (IFG) ]NJ-7=ATG[CJNFIWNG BIRWC[ CDL (IFG) ]WTBAC]NWIL^@ CLIBCDGNR NQW[IBW (IFG) W[DBADLDI BIWDJ^I NQW[IBW (IFG) ]HIHHDI R] NQW[IBW (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL (IFG) K^WTL]I[IKNF (IFG) NWATL]I[IKNF (IFG) @NWATL]I[IKNF (IFG) ][C]TL]I[IKNF 

 I`pli hidxi gn pA

Ripcfdfis n ﬋ivcfcdgns gn `iripui`i, bituiki n phéh﬉i.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

RLD@ NQBNRRÅ

ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) RCGD^@ BALC[DGN (IFG) ATG[CLTRNG BI[[IJNNFIF (IFG) QIFWAIF J^@ 

pcr ]cldi`dfis Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= Bc`pcstc (Rpnr`dfn/Rpnr`dgdfn) ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

RFI]-1®

ZIWN[ (IY^I), IBNWTL CBWI]N]WDGN-2 BI][TLTL JLTBCL.

pA nftrn nftrn >,= n :,= :,= Cbtipn Cbtipnptà ptàgnc g nc

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

RCHWJNF® :8:

]NJ BI][TLDB (IFG) BI][DB JLTBN[DGNR

RCHWRIF® 874

KDR-GDJLTBN[TL ]CLTIBTLIGD]IWN-; ]CLTIBTLIGD]IWN-;

Ä u` jldbnràgnc pirbdil gn béprdbc n bipràldbc ntcxdligc bc`pcstc gn pA nftrn 7,= n 4,= u`i bigndi `ägdi gn jldbnràgncs pirbdids gnrdvigcs gc òlnc gn bcbc n pil`i. Kds-gdjlybnryl pclyibylipA nftrn 7,= n 1,= gdpitn-;

Brn`ns, lcêþns n jäds bcrpcrids piri rnguêâc gn `ngdgis

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

N`ulsþns Jäds Rärufs

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Wcgis is kisns

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Wcgis is kisns.

9>1

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

RCLIRWDF N]A

ATG[CLTUNG NLIRWDF 

Adgrcldsigc pirbdil gn pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= nlistdfi n` `ndc adgrchàld- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi bc. Nxtriàgc gc ldji`nftu  ldji`nftu` ` ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.  fubain gn kcvdfcs.

RCL^BCL

ATG[CLTUNG BCLLIJNF 

Rcluêâc gn bcléjnfc pirbdil`nftn adgrcldsigc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n 8,= cktdgc pcr prcbnssc nxtri- Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. tdvc gn pnln gn kcvdfcs. Bc`pcstc i kisn gn

ZIWN[ (IFG) RCLDGIJC (JCLGNF[CG) NQW[IBW  XD[JI^[NI

Rcldgijc vdr-

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Lcêâc bcrpcril Brn`n krcfznigcr ]rctntcr sclir Brn`n rnjnfnrigcr Jnl gn triti`nftc dftnfsdvc Qi`pu Brn`ns [dfsns Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Lcêâc n t÷fdbc bipdlirns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 1= µB. Jäds W÷fdbcs Brn`ns adgritiftns Brn`ns rnjnfnrigcrns Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Hcr`uliêþns piri ﬉r`nzi gcs  iftdijdfj

RCFJI RCT LDHN®

JLTBDFN RCEI (RCTKNIF) JN[@ NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn 7,= n 1,=  jiurni nxtritc gn

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. fi

pA nftrn 7,= n :,= Bc`plnxc gn scei.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) (s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

tnbdgcs, adgritiêâc, iftdcxdgiftn, n iftdrrujis Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds N`ulsþns Jäds

,

Rpriys

RWIT B®>=

pA n` :,=

RCGD^@ IRBC[KTL ]ACR]AIWN 

]rcgutcs n` kistâc ]rnpiriêþns piri c budgigc gi pnln, biknlcs n siõgn kubil. [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir qunliftns n n` tn`pnrituri t n`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= ½B.

Xdti`dfi B nstévnl (sil sò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi gdbc gc ästnr `cfchcshitc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. gc ébdgc isbòrkdbc).

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

9>4

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

RW[^BW^[DFN®

ATG[CLTUNG L^]DFN ][CWNDF 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

pA ikidxc gn 1,=

 Itdvc nxtriàgc gc trn`cêc trn`cêc (Lupdfus ilkus), rdbc n` Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pnptàgncs jluti`dfigcs n ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. n` cldjcssibiràgncs cldjcssibiràgncs..

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Lcêâc ﬋udgi Qild﬉f 9>® Lcêâc ]iri`ul E® Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds hibdids n bcrpcrids Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Brn`ns piri pnftnir Jäds piri `cgnlijn` Lnivn-cf

RWTLNUN® Z-;=

]CLTY^IWN[FD^F->>

]clà`nrc bitd÷fdbc `ulpA nftrn 2,> n 7,> tdhufbdcfil n` scluêâc iqucsi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

@ésbiris n i`pclis gn triti`nftc @cussns

]rcgutcs prä n pòs-nsbcvi Qi`pus

R^LHNWC GN RNLÅFDC

RNLNFD^@ R^LHDGN 

R^FY^I[W W@R

KNANFW[D@CFD^@ @NWACR^LHIWN (IFG) BNWNI[TL ILBCACL (IFG) K^WTLNFNJLTBCL

R^FY^I[W W@R

KNANFW[D@CFD^@ @NWACR^LHIWN (IFG) BNWNI[TL ILBCACL (IFG) K^WTLNFNJLTBCL

Rulhntc gn snlåfdc. pA nftrn 7,= n >,> Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 RnR; (]@5 972,=4) @ntcsulhitc gn knanftrd`cfdc, Élbccl bntcnstniràldbc n kutdlnfcjldbcl. pA nftrn 7,> n 8,= Bnri bitd÷fdbi iutcn`ulsd﬉biftn cktdgi i pirtdr gn i`dfi tnrbdérdi gnrdvigi gc òlnc gn bclzi. @ntcsulhitc gn knanftrd`cfdc, Élbccl Bntcnstniràldbc n Kutdlnfcjldbcl. bitd÷fdbi iutcn`ulpA nftrn 7,> n 8,= Bnri sd﬉biftn cktdgi i pirtdr gn i`dfi tnrbdérdi gnrdvigi gc òlnc gn bclzi.

Kisns hcrtn`nftn hcrtn`nftn ébdgi ébdgis. s. Hcr` Hcr`uliêþ uliêþns ns gdvnrsis gdvnrsis

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Bcfgdbdcfigcrns

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Bcfgdbdcfigcrns

98=

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD Y^À@DBI C^C^ FC@N GNRB[DÊÂC D^]IB, BWHI

RT@HDFDWT®

NBADFIBNI ]^[]^[NI NQW[IBW 

RT@@IW[DQ®

@ILWCGNQW[DF (IFG) [^K^R H[^WDBCR^R (KLIBOKN[[T) (KLIBOKN[[ T) LNIH NQW[IBW 

RT@ZADWN® 2::

HNFDLNWDL [NRC[BDFCL

RTF®-ION

GD]N]WDGN GDI@DFCK^WT[CTL GDI@DFCK^WT[CTL KNFUTLI@DGN GDIBNWIWN (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) JLTBN[DF 

RTF®BCLL

]IL@DWTL W[D]N]WDGN-> (IFG) JLDBN[DFN 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC Bcfbnftrigc gi NbadfipA nftrn 7 n 8 bni purpurni, nstikdldzigc bc` 2% gn Bdbacrdb ibdg . Nxtritc gis hclais gn [u kus hrutdbcsus hrutdbcsus (Kliboknrry) pA nftrn 2,> n >,> n pigrcfdzigc bc` 9,>% gn pcldhnfòds n =,=>% gn ébdgc nléjdbc

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R) Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Hcr`uliêþns iftdijdfj, prä n pòs-prcbngd`nftcs, pòs-prcbngd`nf tcs, iftdcxdgiftn, iftddrrdtiftn n iftddf﬋i`itòrdc

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

Hcr`uliêþns iftdijdfj, ﬉r`igcr, ﬉r`ig cr, prä n pòs-prcbngd`nftc, iftdcxdgiftn n gnr`cprctntcr

knfznfcgdcl, 7-9 pA nftrn 7,= n >,= 9,2 hnfdlntdl-brdstildfc

Kisns bcftnfai` birkc`nrc

pA nftrn nftrn 2,= n >,= Wrdpn rdpnptàgn ptàgncc sdf sdftätdbc tätdbc..

Kisns qun bcftnfai` ntifcl ibd`i gn >=%.

Rcluêâc iqucsi gn pnpA nftrn 2,= n :,= qunfc pnptàgnc.

Kisns qun bcftnfai` ntifcl ibd`i gn >=%.

Kisns qun bcftnfai` birk÷`nrc X], jc`i xiftifi cu adgrcntdlbnlulcsn  Igdêâc gn ijnftns qunliftns qunliftns bc`c =,9% gn NGWI ieugi i nvdtir i gnsbclcriêâc Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs iftdrrujis [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri ikidxc gn := ½B. Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs iftdrrujis

[nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri ikidxc gn 1= ½B.

RTFN[LDJAWÅ

 IBWDFDGDI BADFNFRDR BADFNFRDR (ODZD) H[ H[^DW ^DW ZIWN[ ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ILBCACL (IFG) RC]AC[I IFJ^RWDHCLDI [CCW NQW[IBW 

Bc`pcstc gn ridz gn  pA nftrn 8,= n :,= Ripacri ifjustdhcldi n éjui gn odwd.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n

 

989

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

WIOILLC]AIFN

®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Rdldbitc gn ilu`àfdc gn Jnl gn Birkcpcl®. crdjn` sdftätdbi, cktdgc i pA nftrn >,= n :,= pirtdr gc gdòxdgc gn sdlàbdc  Ébdgcs jrixcs fi prnpiriêâc. n gc òxdgc gn ilu`àfdc.

Kisns bc` vilcr gn pA qun fâc sn nfbcftri` nftrn >,= n :,=.

WILIRHN[IR GN XDWI@DFI B

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

WIFJN[DFI J[

BDW[^R WIFJN[DFI (WIFJN[DFN) NQW[IBW 

vnjntil jldbnrdfigc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn ;,1 n 7,1 Nxtritc gn tifjnrdfi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

ZIWN[ (IY^I) (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) GDATG[C@T[DBNWDF F  

Nxtritc fituril cktdgc gi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> plifti @yrdbi bnrdhnri L.

WNLCBI]DLÅ

WNFR ^]Å

WNFRNI-LDHWÅ

 IY^I (IFG) JLTBN[DF JLTBN[DF (IFG) BINRIL]DFDI BINRIL]DFDI R]DFCRI J^@ (IFG) ][NRN[XIWDXNR (IFG) RCGD^@ KNFUCIWN (IFG)  IGGDWDXNR (IFG) JL^BCFCLIBWC JL^BCFCLIBWCFN  FN 

BADWCRIF (IFG) JLTBCLDBIBDG (IFG)  ILBCACL (IFG) JLTBCRI@DFCJL JLTBCRI@DFCJLTBIFR TBIFR (IFG) @NWATL]I[IKNF @NWATL]I[IKNF (IFG) IY^I

pA nft nftrn rn >,= >,= n ::,= ,= Xdtti`d i`dfi fi B

Ä `itrdz adgrcbclcdgil trdgd`nfsdcfil gn qun pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> jilibtc`ififis, ldknri u` cldjcssibiràgnc gi ridz gi badbòrdi (Bdbac rdu` dftykus L.)  Isscbdiêâc gn qudtcsifi, jldbòldbc n jlubcsipA `idcr qun 2,1 ébdgc `dfcjldbcfis.

98;

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Lcêþns n brn`ns cdl hrnn Lcêþns iqucsis n n`ulsþns fâc d÷fdbis gn kidxc birétnr clncsc (Fdooc`ulnsn 79®, Fdoocldpdg 19R®, Jäds-brn`n gn Fitrcscl® bc` FNW-HR®) Lcêþns adgrcilbcòldbis (:,>%) N` lcêþns iqucsis pcgnré cbcrrnr prnbdpdtiêâc quifgc n` rnpcusc. Lcêþns n brn`ns cdl hrnn. Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns W÷fdbcs bipdlirns Adgritiftns Kélsi`cs Lcêþns Rpriys

Gnscgcriftns

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rärufs @ésbiris

Fâc ä bc`pitàvnl bc` vnàbulc ifd÷fdbc.

Xdtiljrnnf® Rnru` Jlubi`

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

WNFRDFN®

WNC]ATLLDRDLIFN B®

WJ]-; ]N]WÀGNC

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

W[DB^WDB^@X^LJI[N (ZANIW) ][CWNDF 

@NWATLRDLIFCL BI[KCQT@NWATL @NWATLRDLIFCL WANC]ATLLDFN ILJDFIWN  .

CLDJC]N]WDGN-27

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGI- KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) GN(R) BC@ KIRN(R) Jnl gn Fitrcscl® n n`ulsþns bc` vilcr gn pA ikidxc gn 8,>. Bc`pcstc gn prctnàfis n lcêâc ifd÷fdbi. pA `idcr cu djuil purd﬉bigis gc trdjc gn iltc Brn`n Brn`n, lcêâc n jnl fâc Jäds gn Birkcpcl® cu ]lurdjnl® i 8,> pnsc `clnbulir. d÷fdbcs. C itdvc Wnfsdfn®  pnrgn snu nhndtc tnfscr sn dfbcrpcrigc i n`ulsþns. Brn`ns @ntdlsdlifcl tnc﬉ldfi. Jäds  Isscbdiêâc kilifbnigi gn Lcêþns nxtritc gn kdln, nxtritc gn Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi Rikcfntns pA nftrn 2,> n 8,> Angnri anldx  n  n u` ästnr ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. [nbc`nfgi-sn qun snu ir`iznfi`nftc fâc snei n` tn`pngc ébdgc tirtérdbc n pcldcxdntdlnfcjldbcl. rituri dfhnrdcr i = µB. BC@]CRDÊÂC

]nptàgncs cktdgcs pcr kdctnbfclcjdi pnli täbfdbi gn prcguêâc gn prctnàfis Kisns qun iprnsnftn` pA nftrn >,= n :,= rnbc`kdfiftns n ipòs c tnfscitdvcs n tncr ibd`i prcbnssc gn dscli`nftc n gn 2=% gn élbccl. purd﬉biêâc sâc fifcnfbipsuligcs.

Jnl gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXB Jnl-brn`n gn Irdstc﬋nx® IXL Jnl-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® RIH Jnl gn I`djnl®

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

982

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

WAT@N R]NBDIL NQW[I]CF®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

jldbòldbc gn tc`dlac Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 4,= Nxtritc (Way`us vuljirds). ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Jäds Brn`ns Lcêþns W÷fdbcs Qi`pus ]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5  Iqui Ldbcrdbn Nxtribt ]^ ® ,  Iznlcjldbdfi® , Cldjcdgyfn-D Bc`plnx ® , ]aytcspadfjcsdffnn® , Rnkcfcr`dfn® , Wi Wioillcpaifn oillcpaifn® , Aidr Ibtdvn® , Ldpcssc`is ]@L ]@L® 

]rò-bipdlir, Udfbdgcfn®.

 Iftdijdfj n iftdrrujis piri pnlns

WAT@^LNF 7

ZIWN[ (IFG) GNQW[IF (IFG) IBNWTL WNW[I]N]WDGN-;

]nptdgnc kdc`d`ätdbc pA nftrn 7,> n 1,= gnrdvigc gc acr`÷fdc gc brnsbd`nftc

WD@NBCGN®

]IL@DWCTL JLTBDFN 

gnsbrdti fi ldtnrituri pA nftrn 7,= n 8,> Fâc bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

987

`iguris ]rcgutcs piri budgigcs gdurfc n fcturfc Rärufs iftdijdfj5 bcftcrfc gcs clacs n lékdcs ]rcgutcs piri budgigc gis ufais   Xibdfis iftdijdfj piri usc tòpdbc Brn`ns N`ulsþns Lcêþns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` n`ulsþns eé prcftis cu iqunbnr itä 1= ½B bc` pirtn gi n`ulsâc n igdbdcfir ic rnstiftn gi prnpiriêâc.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

WDFCRC[K ® @

WDFCRC[K ® R

WDFCRC[K ® R IY^I

WDFW^[I I[FDBI

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

@NWATLNFN KDR-KNFUCW[DIUCLTL WNW[I@NWATLK^WTL]ANFCL WNW[I@NWATL K^WTL]ANFCL (@KKW)

KDR-NWATLANQTLCQT]ANFCL @NWACQT]ANFTL W[DIUDFN (KN@W)

KDR-NWATLANQTLCQT]ANFCL @NWACQT]ANFTL W[DIUDFN (IFG) ]CLT@NWATL@NWAIB[TLIWN (IFG) IY^I (IFG) RCGD^@ LI^[NWA R^LHIWN 

 I[FDBI ZDLG HLCZN[ ILBCACLDB ILBCACLDB NQW[IBW 

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

;,;—@ntaylnfn-kds-(8(;A-knfzctrdizcln-;-yl)7-(9,9,2,2-tntri`ntaylkutyl)-panfcl Gdspnrsâc iqucsi i >=% pA nftrn >,> n 8,> bcftnfgc @ntaylnfn Kds-Knfzctrdizclyl, Wntri`ntaylpanfcl. Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B79A>=F8C; (]@5 8>1,18) ;,7-Kds-{_7-(;-ntayl -anxylcxy)-;-aygrcxyP -panfyl}-8(7-`ntacxypanfyl) -(9,2,>)-trdizdfn pA nftrn 8,> n :,= Hdltrc ldpcssclõvnl ^XI/  ^XK. Kds-Ntaylanxy@ntcxy -panfyl Wrdizdfn Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 B21A74F2C> (]@58;:,1=)

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc ä rnbc`nfgigi dfbcrpcriêâc n` n`ulsþns I/C.

N`ulsþns C/I Brn`ns n lcêþns hibdids bc` pA kidxc, dgnil piri isscbdiêâc bc` ilhi-adgrcxdébdgc (IAI) [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi gi n`ulsâc cu fc ﬉fil gc prcbnssc bc` i n`ulsâc eé prcfti.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

N`ulsþns C/I cu I/C Brn`ns hibdids gdérdcs Hcr`uliêþns gn prctntcrns sclirns bc` nlnvigc H]R [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn clncsi gi n`ulsâc i qunftn.

iqucsi i ;=% Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 8,= n 4,= Gdspnrsâc gn itdvc. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. Fâc gnsbrdti fi(s) pA nftrn nftrn 7,= n 8,= 8,= Wdffturi turi gn Irfdbi @cftifi. @cftifi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

 

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi gi n`ulsâc. Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

98>

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I WDFW^[I KIGDIFI (IFDR-NRW[NLIGC) WDFW^[I KÉLRI@C-GN-WCLÕ WDFW^[I KÉLRI@C-GC]N[^ WDFW^[I KI[KIWD@ÂC WDFW^[I KI[GIFI WDFW^[I KNLIGCFI

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

DLLDBD^@ XN[^@ NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn nftrn 7,= n 8,= 8,= Wdfturi f turi gn Dlldbdu` vnru`.

@T[CQTLCF WCL^DHN[^@ NQW[IBW 

gn @yrcxylcf pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= Wdfturi tcludhnru`.

Fâc gnsbrdti fi(s) ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. Fâc gnsbrdti fi(s) ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

@T[CQTLCF ]N[ND[IN NQW[IBW 

Wdfturi gn @yrcxylcf pA nftrn 7,= n 8,=  pnrndrin .

Fâc gnsbrdti fi(s) ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

RW[T]AFCGNFG[CF KI[KIWD@IF NQW[IBW 

gn RtrypafcgnfpA nftrn 2,= n >,= Wdfturi grcf kirkitd`if.

Fâc gnsbrdti fi(s) ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis

Fâc gnsbrdti fi(s) ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. Fâc gnsbrdti fi(s) ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis.

 IW[C]I  IW[C]I KNLLIGCFFI KNLLIGCFFI NQW NQW[IBW  [IBW 

lippi. pA nftrn nftrn 7,= n 8,= 8,= Wdfturi f turi gn Irbtdu` lippi. Wdfturi gn  Itrcpi knllipA nftrn 7,= n 8,=

WDFW^[I BILÅFG^LI

BILNFG^LI (BILNFG^LI CHHDBDFILDR CHHDBDFILDR)) HLCZN[ NQW[IBW 

gn Bilnfguli pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= Wdfturi ch﬉bdfilds.

Fâc gnsbrdti fi(s) ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis.

WDFW^[I BI@C@DLI

@IW[DBI[DI (@IW[DBI[DI BAI@C@DLLI) HLCZN[ NQW[IBW 

gn @itrdbirdi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,= Wdfturi bai`c`dlli.

Fâc gnsbrdti fi(s) ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis.

WDFW^[I BI]RDB^@

BI]RDB^@ IFF^^@ NQW[IBW 

Wdfturi gn Bipsdbu` pA nftrn 7,= n 8,=  iffuu`  iffuu`..

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis.

WDFW^[I J^I[IFÉ

J^I[IFI (]I^LLDFDI B^]IFI) NQW[IBW 

Wdfturi gn ]iulldfdi bupipA nftrn 7,= n 8,=  fi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis.

WDFW^[I ]IRRDHLC[I

]IRRDCFHLCZN[ (]IRRDHLC[I ILIWI) LNIH NQW[IBW 

gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn nftrn 7,= n 8,= 8,= Wdfturi f turi gn ]issd﬋cri iliti. Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis.

K^[GCBO (I[BWD^@ LI]]I) NQW[IBW 

gcffi.

988

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I WDFW^[I ]HÉHHDI

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI ]HIHHDI (]HIHDI ]IFDB^LIWI) [CCW NQW[IBW 

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= Wdfturi gn ]hi﬉i pifdbuliti.

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi

Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs-

ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

`ätdbis. Kisns bcs`ätdbis n gnr`cbcs`ätdbis. N`ulsþns Jäds [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7= µB.   Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

WDFW^[I ][Ò]CLDR

][C]CLDR ZIQ NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn nftrn 77,= ,= n 8,= 8,= Wdffturi turi gn pròpcl pròpclds. d s.

WDCLDRDFI BC@]LNQ 2=®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Birkcxd`ntdl bdstndfitc gn gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 8,= n 1,= ldsdfi + Birkcxdlitc tdizcld- Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. gàfdbc gn ldsdfi.

W[NILCRI

W[NAILCRN 9== (Ι-G-JL^BC]T[IFCRTL (Ι-G-JL^BC]T[IFCRTL Ι-G-JL^BC]T[IFCRDGN)

pA nftr nftrnn >, >,== n 88,> ,> Gdssibi Gdssibiràg ràgnc nc..

W[DIBWDJNF ®

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Kdcitdvc gn crdjn` kdctnbgnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n 1,> fclòjdbi, dscligc n purd﬉- Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. bigc gn Ribbairc`ybns

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

bnrnvdsdin.

W[DBLCRIF (D[JIRIF ® G] 2==)

W[DBLCRIF 

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ  

pA nftrn 2,= n 9;,=

Gnscgcriftns Kisns qun bcftnfai` Rikcfntns Gnc-bcl÷fdis ;,7,7—-trdblcrc-;—-adgrcxd- bc`pcstcs ilti`nftn n jäds gnftids ntcxdligcs (pcldsscrkitcs) Brn`ns gdhnfdl ätnr. Nfxijuitòrdcs cu lnbdtdfi. Nfxijuiftns kubids

 

98:

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

W[DONFCL®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Bc`pcstc pcr Bcfbnftrigc gn @ifuoi (Lnptcspnr`cfi, Dsclnptcspnr`cfi n Hlivnscfi)? Bcfbnftrigc gn Riljundrc pA nftrn 2,> n 1,> (pcldhnfòds n gnrdvigcs si- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldbàldbcs) n Ébdgc sildbàldbc. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi ]igrcfdziêâc gn Wrdonfcl5 97,= ‒ 91,=% gn Wrdbntcfis? =,9 ‒ ;,=% gn ]cldhnfòds n 8,> ‒ 1,>% gn Ébdgc Rildbàldbc

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n Rärufs @cussns

Rikcfntns gn ld`pnzi ]rcgutcs sclirns (isscbdigcs i hctcprctntcrns)

ZIWN[(IY^I) (IFG) ]RN^GCILWN[C@CFIR (IFG) HN[@NFW

W[TLIJNF ®

^LW[NGN[@N FIFCXDWI@DFI I

^LW[NGN[@N FIFCXDWI@DFI B ^[NDI

NQW[IBW (IFG) (IFG) ATG[CLDUNG ATG[CLDUNG RCT ZANIW ][CWNDF ][CWNDF (IFG) W[D]N]WDGN-9= BDW[^LDFN (IFG) W[D]N]WDGN-9 W[D]N]WDGN9 (IFG) LNBDWADF (IFG)  QIFWAIF J^@ (IFG) BI[KC@N[ BI[KC@N[ (IFG) W[DNWAIFCLI@DFN (IFG) BI][TLTL JLTBCL [NWDFCL (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ][C]TLNFN  JL JLTBCL TBCL (IFG) QIFWAIF J^@ (IFG) ]CLTRC[KIWN ;= (IFG) IWNLCBCLLIJNF (IFG) RCGD^@ BACFG[CDWDF R^LHIWN (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL (IFG) @NWATLDRCWADIUCLDFCFN   IRBC[KDB IBDG IBDG (IFG) ZI ZIWN[ WN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ][C]TLNFN JLTBCL JLTBCL (IFG) QIFWAIF J^@ (IFG) ]CLTRC[KIWN ;= (IFG)  IWNLCBCLLIJNF  IWNL CBCLLIJNF (IF (IFG) G) RCGD^@ BACFG[CDWDF R^LHIWN (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL (IFG), @NWATLDRCWADIUCLDFCFN @NWATLDRCWADI UCLDFCFN (IFG) ^[NI

gn pnptàgncs Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= Bc`kdfiêâc n prctnàfis ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

N`ulsþns, jäds fâc d÷fdbcs n ifd÷fdbcs

Fifcbépsulis gn pil`dti- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 8,= n :,= tc gn rntdfcl i 9>%. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Fifcbépsulis gn ébdgc isbòrkdbc i 9>,=% pA nftrn 2,= n 7,= Hòr`uli `clnbulir5 A F; pA fnutrc BCFA; (]@5 8=,=8)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. Gdignr`dfi. N` bcfbnftriêþns supnrdcrns i 9=% pcgn bc`prc`ntnr i nstikdldgign gn n`ulsþns fâc d÷fdbis.

981

Brn`ns n lcêþns fâc d÷fdbis Kisns buecs pAs fâc snei` ilbildfcs Brn`ns ]c`igis Lcêþns

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Brn`ns n lcêþns fâc d÷fdbis Kisns fâc d÷fdbis Jnl ]lurdjnl® ®

^LW[NGN[@N FIFCXDWI@DFI NXB-D] (XB-D]® FDOOCL)

^FDWIF

WCBC]AN[TL IBNWIWN (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ][C]TLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) QIFWAIF J^@ (IFG) ]CLTRC[KIWN ;= (IFG)  IWNLCBCLLIJNF  IWNL CBCLLIJNF (IF (IFG) G) RCGD^@ BACFG[CDWDF R^LHIWN (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL (IFG) @NWATLDRCWADIUCLDFCFN 

ATG[CLTUNG BCLLIJNF (IFG) [DKCHLIXDF (IFG) IBNWTL WT[CRDFN.

XB-]@J (FDOOCL XB-]@J®)

@IJFNRD^@ IRBC[KTL ]ACR]AIWN 

Fifcbépsulis gn ibntitc pA nftrn 8,= n :,= gn ilhi tcbchnrcl i 9>,=%. Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,= n 8,= Wntridscpil`dtitc gn ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. isbcrkdli.

FNW HR gn ]lurdjnl® Rärufs Lcêâc Fdooc`ulnsn 79® bc` Fitrcscl® [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir í hisn clncsi gi n`ulsâc n`ulsâc,, ipòs husâc gis `itärdis-prd`is jrixis.

@dsturi gn ibntdl-tdrcsdfi, pA nftrn >,= n 8,= rdkclhivdfi n bcléjnfc ifd`il adgrcldsigc adgrcldsigc..

Brn`ns n lcêþns piri krcfzni`nftc, prä-krcfzni`nftc Brn`ns n lcêþns piri nspcrtn

pA nftrn nftrn 88,> ,> n :,= :,= Hc Hcshit shitcc gn is isbcr bcrkdl kdl ` `ijijfäsdc.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns ifd÷fdbis.

Jnl-brn`n Jäds Lcêþns Lcêþns fâc d÷fdbis Brn`ns fâc d÷fdbcs [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` pnqunfis quiftdgigns fi hisn iqucsi n n` tn`pnrituri i`kdnftn, ilä` gc usc gn NGWI tntrissògdbc gn sògdc. n `ntikdssul﬉tc [nbc`nfgi-sn usir sdstn`i ti`pâc bdtritc/ébdgc bàtrdbc.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

984

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC Bc`pcstc gn krctc gn

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

ki`ku ‒ Ki`kusi vul jirds Rbarig, juirifé ‒ ]iulldfdi bupifi A.K.O., qudfi-vnr`nlai ‒ Bdfbacfi ch﬉bdfilds L., ]cldquitnrfdu` :, qunritdfi

][C]TLNFN JLTBCL IFG ][CWNDF ATG[CLDRIWN IFG ]CLDY^IWN[FD^@  IFG J^I[IFI NQW[IBW NQW[IBW IFG KI@KCC KI@KCC NQW[IBW IFG BDFBACFI R^BBD[^K[I NQW[IBW 

XNJNBC@]LNQ ®  XB-AG

adgrcldsigi, prcpdlnfcjlddbcl bcl n bcfsnrviftn b cfsnrviftn.. Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,>  Iprnsnfti, pcrtiftc, pcrtiftc, ilbilcdgns (qudfdfi, qudfd- ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. gdfi, bdfbacfdgdfi), ébdgcs crjëfdbcs,, sids `dfnrids crjëfdbcs (bélbdc, hòshcrc n hnrrc), ﬉tcstnròds, trdtnrpnfcs, si-

Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns ]rcgutcs bipdlirns Rikcfntns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir ic ﬉fil gi prnpiriêâc bcs`ätdbi n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7> µB.

pcfdfis, tifdfcs, xiftdfis, i`dfcébdgcs, i`dfcébdgcs , vdti`dfis  I, K n B. B.

][C]TLNFN JLTBCL IFG GD@NWADBCFN BC]CLTCL IFG RW[IZKN[[T H[^DW NQW[IBW IFG @^LKN[[T H[^DW NQW[IBW

XNJNBC@]LNQ®  XB-HX

Bc`pcstc gn pclpi gn i`cri ‒ @crus fdjri L., pclpi gn hri`kcnsi ‒ [ukus rutdbcsus L., pclpi gn `crifjc ‒ Hrijrirdi vnsbi L., gd`ntdbcfn prcpdlnfcjldbcl n Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> bcpcldcl, bcfsnrviftn. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.  Iprnsnfti, pcrtiftc, pcrtiftc, iêõbir, ébdgc `éldbc, tifdfcs jéldbcs, `ubdlijn`, vdti`dfis I, K n B, sids `dfnrids (hnrrc n pctéssdc), pnbtdfi n ﬋ivcfcdgns ﬋ivcfcdgns..

9:=

Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns ]rcgutcs bipdlirns Rikcfntns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir ic ﬉fil gi prnpiriêâc bcs`ätdbi n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 7> µB.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

XNJNJ^IW

®

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

pA nftrn 7,= n >,= (piri nhndtc bcfgdbdcfigcr)

]rcgutc gn bcfgnfsiêâc gn ébdgcs jrixcs gn bcbc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi bc` prctnàfis adgrcldzigis ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. gc trdjc.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Qi`pus-bcfgdbdcfigcrns Bcfgdbdcfigcrns Rids gn kifac Jäds Bc`plnxcs Hdr`igcrns Ldhtdfjs

XNJNWNFRC[

®

XNJNWNFRC[®

XNFCQTL

®

XN[KNFI CHHDBDFILDR AJ

Rärufs Jäds Kisns sujnrdgis5 Jäds gn I`djnl® cu Irdstc﬋nx®   IXB Jäds-brn`n gn Acstibnrdf® RIH cu Acstibnrdf® FBK [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir fi hisn iqucsi n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 8= ½B.

Bc`plnxc bc` prctnàfis gn ]dsu` sitdvu` n pcldspA nftrn >,= n 1,= sibiràgnc Kisns n`ulsdvis n`ulsdvis.. fituril (Rblnrctdu` ju`)

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Xnjntnfscr ® ä u` bc`plnxc kisnigc gn ]dsu` pA nftrn >,= n 1,= n` prctnàfis  sitdvu` n pcldssibiràgnc fituril (Rblnrctdu` ju`).

]DR^@ RIWDX^@ NQW[IBW (IFG) RBLN[CWD^@ J^@ 

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Wcgis is kisns.

JDFOJC KDLCKI NQW[IBW (IFG) AC[RN BANRWF^W NQW[IBW (IFG) [^N NQW[IBW 

 Isscbdiêâc gn nxtritcs gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> gn5 irrugi, Jdfojc kdlcki  Fâc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. n bistifai-gi-àfgdi.

Brn`ns N`ulsþns Jäds Lcêþns t÷fdbis  I`pclis gn triti`nftc

XN[KNFI CHHDBDFILDR NQW[IBW 

vnjntil adgrcjldbò- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= Nxtritc ldbc gn vnrknfi. ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

]rnpiriêþns bipdlirns bi pdlirns..

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

9:9

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I XN[CBADB

®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI RADOD@DB IBDG

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

 Ébdgc crjëfdbc cktdgc cktdgc pA nftrn 2,= n >,= gc ifds nstrnligc (Dldbdu` vnru`)

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R) Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Gnscgcriftns ( rcll-cf,  rcll-cf, spriy, spriy, brn`n). N`ulsþns iftdibfn Qi`pus n lcêþns iftdbispi ]c`igis Brn`ns Gnscgcriftns

XDWIL NW

GDRCGD^@ LI^[D@DFCGD][C]DCFI LI^[D@DFCGD][C]DCFIWN WN (IFG) WCBC]AN[TL ]ACR]AIWNR

Bc`plnxc nstévnl hcr`igc hcshitc gn tcbchnrcl Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn >,= n :,= npnlc liurd`dfcgdprcp liurd`dfcgdprcpdc-fitc dc-fitc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. gdssògdbc.

Lcêþns Jäds @iqudijnfs ]rcgutcs dfhiftds ]rcgutcs piri hctcprctnêâc

XDWILATIL

ZIWN[ (IFG) RCGD^@ ATIL^[CFIWN (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL (IFG) @NWATL] @NWATL]I[IKNF I[IKNF (IFG) K^WTL]I[IKNF (IFG) NWATL]I[IKNF (IFG) ][C]TL]I[IKNF (IFG) DRCK^WTL]I[IKNF 

 Ébdgc adilur÷fdbc cktdgc cktdgc pA nftrn >,> n :,> pcr kdcssàftnsn gn libtckibdlcs.

N`uldifbn Brn`ns Lcêþns

®

XDWI@DFI H

XDWIRC^[BN

JLTBN[TL LDFCLNIWN (IFG) JLTBN[TL LDFCLNFIWN.

®

][C]IFNGDCL (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) KIDBILDF 

@dsturi gn ébdgcs jrixcs pA nftrn >,= n 8,= dfsiturigcs, dfbludfgc ldfclndbc, ldfclåfdbc n iriqud÷fdbc. Cktdgi i pirtdr gis riàzns pA nftrn 2,= n 8,> gn Rbutnllirdi kidbilnfsds Jncrjd n pigrcfdzigi n` kidbildfi.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns  Lcêþns

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Hcr`uliêþns gdvnrsis

9:;

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

XDWIUT@N B®

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

BC@]CRDÊÂC

]cldpnptàgncc gn ébdgc ]cldpnptàgn pA nftrn 2,= n 2,> isbòrkdbc.

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)  Iprnsnfti bc`pitdkdldgign bc`pitdkdldgign bc` is `itärdis-prd`is bc`u`nftn utdldzigis n` prnpiriêþns gnr`cbcs`ätdbis. [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir ipòs c prcbnssc gn n`ulsd﬉biêâc i hrdc. Gnvnré snr igdbdcfigc qunliftn. Jäds Jäds-brn`n N`ulsþns fâc d÷fdbis, bitd÷fdbis n ifd÷fdbis [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri dfhnrdcr i 1= ½B. Rupcrti itä ;=% gn ntifcl n` hcr`uliêþns. Hcr`uliêþns gdvnrsis piri pnln n biknlc

XDWDFCQDFNÅ

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA nftrn ;,= n 9=,=

 Isscbdiêâc gn iêõbirns (jlubcsn, `ifcsn n jilibtcsn) cktdgcs gc nxtritc gn ilhihi (@ngdbijc siJnl gn Fitrcscl® tdvi) qun sn iprnsnfti` fi hcr`i gn `cfc, gd n cldjcssibiràgncs.

ZIRRIKD NQW[IBW

LIBWCKIBDLL^@ (IFG) ZIRIKDI EI]CFDBI [CCW NQW[IBW 

pA nftrn 7,= i :,=

Nxtritc gn wisikd (Zi sikdi eipcfdbbii @itsu`)

pA n` 8,=

]rä-gdspnrsâc n` éjui gn `dbrcnshnris `ultdli`nKisns qun bcftnfai` lirns (Rpanruldtns®) qun bcftnfai` isbcrkdl hcshi- sclvnftns crjëfdbcs. tc gn `ijfäsdc (IH@).

N`uldifbn Qdldifbn Brn`ns Lcêþns [nbc`nfgi-sn dfbcrpcrir n` tn`pnrituri i`kdnftn i`kdnftn..

Nxtriàgc i pirtdr gn sn-

Brn`ns Lcêþns

ZADWNR]AN[N A

®

ZADWNRRNFBN

ZIWN[ (IFG) RC[KDWIF RWNI[IWN (IFG) @IJFNRD^@ IRBC[KTL ]ACR]AIWN (IFG) ]CLTRC[KIWN  8= (IFG) WCBC]AN[TL IBNWIWN (IFG) WI[WI[DB IBDG (IFG) RCGD^@ ATG[CQDGN (IFG) GDRCGD^@ NGWI  I[WCBI[]^R ANWN[C]ATLL^R RNNG NQW[IBW (IFG @ILWCGNRW[DF (IFG) GDRRCGD^@ ]ACR]ACWN@ RCD^@ ]ACR]AIWN 

bcftnfgc dsctdcbdifitcs.

 IrtcbirpA nftrn 8,= n 1,=  pus `nftns gn eibi ( Irtcbirantnrcpa antnrcpayllus). yllus).

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Kisns qun bcftnfai` adgrcntdlbnlulcsn.

 

9:2

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

ZADWCFTL ®

ZDWBA AIUNL

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

ZIWN[ (IFG) ]IL@I[DI ]IL@IWI NQW[IBW 

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN pA nftrn ;,= n 9=,=

BC@]CRDÊÂC

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

Cktdgc gis iljis vnr`nlais ]il`irdi pil`iti.

Jnl gn Fitrcscl®

Nxtritc jldbòldbc gn ai-

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R) Jnl gn birkc`nrc ]lurdjnl® Fdooc`ulnsn® Kisn Qild﬉f® Kisns fâc d÷fdbis n ifd÷fdbis, snfgc fnbnssérdc nlnvir pA. Jäds W÷fdbcs Rikcfntns làqudgcs Gnscgcriftns Qi`pus Bcfgdbdcfigcrns

R]NBDIL NQW[I]CF®

BCFR^LWIGI

QIFWILJCRDL B®

 IBNHTLLDFN @NWATLRDLIFCL @NWATLRDLIFCL @CFF^[CFIWN 

Q-][NRRDF®

ZIWN[ (IFG) ]I]IDF, BI[KC@N[ BC]CLT@N[ BC]CL T@N[ (IFG) 9, ; ANQIFIGDCL (IFG) BI][TLTL JLTBCL (IFG) ILJDF 

Q-RCLXN®

NWATL QD@NFTFIWN (IFG) LNBDWADF 

pA nftrn 7,= n 4,= `i`älds.

ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Rdlifcl (sdlàbdc kdclcjdbi`nftn itdvc) cktdgc pcr gn gnrdvigc Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi pA nftrn 7,> n 8,> bcfgnfsiêâc gn sdldbcfn, ébdgc iljàfdbc ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. n ibn﬉ldfc. nfzd`étdbc pA nftrn 7,= n 1,= Nshcldiftn (pnnldfj nfzd`étdbc)  Itdvc cktdgc gi Qd`nfdi bihhri, qun bcftä` gn pA nftrn 7,> n :,> 9>%-;>% gn ntdlxd`nfdfitc (ästnr gnrdvigc gc ébdgc xd`nfàfdbc)

]cssàvnds isscbdiêþns5

Anxitritn® , Iqui Ldbcrdbn Ldbcrdbn ]^ ® ,  Izncjldbdfi® , Fdoocl XB-D] ® , ]aytcspadfjcsdfn® , Rnkcfcr`dfn® , Ràldbi Ranlls® , Udfbdgcfn® , Iuxdfi Wrdbòjnfi® , Badtcjlybif® , Ldpcs sc`is ]@L® RCG n Wdcldsdfi

Bc`plnx 2=®. N`ulsþns Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Rcluêþns [nbc`nfgi-sn fâc nxpcr i tn`pnrituris dfhnrdcrns i = µB.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

 Iftdijdfj n nshcldiftns

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

N`ulsþns n jäds ifd÷fdbcs n fâc d÷fdbcs

9:7

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

@IWÄ[DI-][D@I

FC@N DFBD C^ GNRB[DÊÂC Y^À@DBI C^ FC@N D^]IB, BWHI

TCJ^[W GN[@IL

LIBWCKIBDLL^R K^LJI[DB^R HN[@NFW HDLW[IWN 

UIFC® 9= ]L^R

 UDFB CQDGN (IFG) W[DNWACQTBI][TLTRDLIFN 

UDF—BÆWNÅ

R@DWARCFDWN NQW[IBW (IFG) ZIWN[

pA GN NRWIKDLDGIGN

BC@]CRDÊÂC

Kdchnr`nftiêâc n ﬉ltrijn` gn bc`pcstcs itdvcs gis bälulis gc Libtckibdllus kuljirdbus. pA nftrn >,= n 1,= Òxdgc gn zdfbc fifcpirtdbuligc. Nstévnl n` i`pli hidxi gn pA.

 pA nftrn 2,= n :,=

DFBC@]IWDKDLDGIGN(R) BC@ KIRN(R)

KIRN(R) DFGDBIGI(R)

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Hcr`uliêþns gdvnrsis

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi.

Wcgis is kisns.

@dfnril gn pngri sn`dprn- Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi bdcsi5 s`dtascfdti, rdbi n` ldtnrituri bcfsultigi. zdfbc (9,;= j-;,> j/L).

UDFBDGCFN

 UDFB ]BI

]dgclitc gn zdfbc. Ril gn zdfbc gc ébdgc pA nftrn 7,= n 7,> L-]drrcldgcf L-]drrcldgcfnn birkcxàldbc cu L-]BI.

UDFBC KDCR®  Y^NLIWC

FÂC GNRB[DWI FI LDWN[IW^[I BCFR^LWIGI

pA nftrn :,= n 9=,=

Udfbc qunligc n` scluêâc.

Kisns qun iprnsnfti` ijnftns ébdgcs n késdbcs.

ι ‒ ZADWN

ZIWN[ (IFG) K^WTLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ATG[CJNFIWNG ATG[CJNFI WNG LNBDWADF (IFG) RCGD^@ CLNIWN (IFG) CLDJC]N]WDGN-81 (IFG) GDRCGD^@ NGWI

pA nftrn 8,= i 1,=

]nptàgnc kdc`d`ätdbc nfbipsuligc n` u` ldpcssc`i.

Fâc gnsbrdti(s) fi ldtnrituri bcfsultigi

®

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

Brn`ns Lcêþns Jäds Jäds-brn`n Rdstn`is surhibtiftns

Jnl ifd÷fdbc.

Jnl gn Fitrcscl® Brn`ns Lcêþns Qi`pus Brn`ns blirnigcrns Brn`ns piri triti`nftc gn `ifbais Brn`ns iftdnfvnlanbd`nf iftdnfvnlanbd`nftc tc ]rnpiriêþns gn budgigcs nspnbà﬉bcs5 `âcs n bclc Kisn làqudgi dlu`dfigcri

 

9:>

 

pA @IF^IL GN IWDXCR GN NRWIKDLDGIGN GN ^RC WÒ]DBC

] I[W I[WNN > BI[IBWN[ÀRWDBIR GIR ][DFBD]IDR ][DFBD] IDR KIRNR JILÅFDBIR Bcfsdgnrifgc is biribtnràstdbis nspnbà﬉bis gis prdfbdpids kisns jilåfdbis gdspcfdkdldzigis fc `nrbigc `ijdstril, is quids fcrtndi` i dfbcrpcriêâc gn itdvcs, c Yuigrc ; iprnsnfti, rnsu`dgi`nftn, cs prdfbdpids ispnbtcs gn dftnrnssn rnlibdcfigcs i nssn snj`nftc.

󲀒 Dfhcr`iêþns jnrids sckrn is prdfbdpids biribtnràstdbis gn kisns jilåfdbis piri i Y^IG[C ; 󲀒 Dfhcr`iêþns dfbcrpcriêâc gn itdvcs gn usc tòpdbc cu gn `itärdi-prd`i gntnr`dfiftn gntnr`dfiftn piri i nlikcriêâc gi kisn. Kisn jilåfdbi cu `itärdi -prd`i prngc`dfiftn IlldhnnlÅI Fc`n DFBD5 ----

  IlldhnnlÅF Fc`n DFBD5 ----

IlldhnnlÅCA Fc`n DFBD5 ----

Biribtnràstdbis jnrids n bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi Biribtnràstdbis jnrids5 Kisn jnl trifspirnftn ifd÷fdbi, sn` pnji ecsdgign. Dfgdbigi piri pnln fcr`il/clncsi, triti`nftc gi ib ibfn, fn, ﬉ltrcs sclirns adgrcssclõvnds. adgrcssclõvnds. Bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi5 Gdscgdu` NGWI? birkc`nr brcsspcly`nr? ]rcpylnf jlybcl? @ntaylpiriknf? Zitnr? D`dgizcldgyfdl ^rni.  (pA gn nstikdldgign nftrn 8,= n :,=) Biribtnràstdbis jnrids5 Jnl trifspirnftn fâc d÷fdbc, sn` pnjiecsdgign. Bc`pitàvnl bc` i `idcrdi ` idcrdi gcs itdvcs hir`ibåutdbcs n bcs`nbåutdbcs, gn biribtnràstdbis ébdgis n késdbis, késdbis, gnvdgc i sui fiturnzi fâc d÷fdbi. I hcr`uliêâc sn `iftä` nstévnl, `ns`c utdldzifgc sukstëfbdis gn pA ikidxc gn :. Ä c vnàbulc gn nsbclai gdiftn gi dfbc`pitdkdldgign gc jnl gn birkcpcl n` rnliêâc i iljufs itdvcs. Dgnil piri snr usigc n` pnlns clncsis n ibfädbis. ibfädbis. Bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi5 Gdscgdu` NGWI? Aygrcxyntaylbnllulcsn? ]rcpylnf jlybcl? @ntaylpiriknf? Zitnr? D`dgizcldgyfdl ^rni . (pA gn nstikdldgign nftrn 8,= n :,=) Biribtnràstdbis jnrids5 Kisn jnl trifspirnftn ifd÷fdbi ilbcòldbi (:=% gn élbccl). Dfgdbigi piri issnpsdi, bc` nhntdvdgign tnstigi bcftri kibtärdis, hufjcs, bc`c ]snugc`cfis inrujdfcsi, Rtipaylcbcbbus  iurnus, Bcldhcr`ns Wctids n Hnbids. NGWI? I? Ibrylitns/B9=-2= Bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi5 Zitnr? Gdscgdu` NGW  Iloyl Ibrylitn Brcsspcly`nr? Brcsspcly`nr? ]rcpylnf jlybcl? jlybcl? @ntaylpiriknf? D` D`ddgizcldgyfdl^rni? ]rcpylpiriknf? I`dfc`antylprcpifcl? ]iftanfcl?  Ilbcacl? Jlybnrdf? Jlybnrdf? ]nj9 ]nj4 Liurdl Liurdl Jlybcl Ntanr? @ibrcjcljlybnrcld @ibrcjcljlybnrcld  aygrcxystniris.

IllukisnÅB 

Fc`n DFBD5 ----

(pA gn nstikdldgign nftrn 8,= n :,=) Biribtnràstdbis jnrids5 Brn`n fâc d÷fdbc bc` jrifgn nstikdldgign. Kisn gn kidxi bc`ngcjnfdbdgign. bc`ngcjn fdbdgign. ]cssud iêâc n`cldnftn n jrifgn bipibdgign gn `iftnr i vdsbcsdgign gc prcgutc ﬉fil, `ns`c bc` i isscbdiêâc gn vérdcs itdvcs. Ä i kisn gn nsbclai piri sukstëfbdis gn kidxc pA. Ä gn répdgi ikscrêâc n prcpcrbdcfi tcqun suivn í pnln Bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi5 N`ulsdhydfj Zix? Cbtyl stnirnta? ]rcpyl

]iriknf? KAW? @ntaylpiriknf? ]rcpylnf jlybcl? Gdscgdu` NGWI? ]anfcxytaifcl, @ntaylpiriknf, Ntaylpiriknf, ]rcpylpiriknf, Kutyl piriknf, Dsckutylpiriknf? Zitnr? D`dgizcldgyfdl ^rni? Bdblcpnftisdlc xifc.

9:8

(pA gn nstikdldgign nftrn >,= n 8,=) RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

Kisn jilåfdbi cu `itärdi -prd`i prngc`dfiftn IllukisnÅL 

Fc`n DFBD5 ----

Biribtnràstdbis jnrids n bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi Biribtnràstdbis jnrids5 Lcêâc fâc d÷fdbi bc` jrifgn nstikdldgign. nstikdldgign. Kisn gn kidxi bc`ngcjnfdbdgign. ]cssud iêâc n`cldnftn n jrifgn bipibdgign gn `iftnr i vdsbcsdgign gc prcgutc ﬉fil, `ns`c bc` i isscbdiêâc gn vérdcs itdvcs. Ä i kisn gn nsbclai piri sukstëfbdis gn kidxc pA. Ä gn répdgi ikscrêâc ikscrêâc n prcpcrbdcfi tcqun suivn í pnln Bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi5 N`ulsdhydfj Zix? Cbtyl stnirnta? ]rcpyl ]iriknf? KAW? @ntaylpiriknf? ]rcpylnf jlybcl? Gdscgdu` NGWI?

]anfcxytaifcl, @ntaylpiriknf, Ntaylpiriknf, ]rcpylpiriknf, Kutyl piriknf, Dsckutylpiriknf? Dsckutylpiriknf? Zitnr? D`dgizcldgyfdl D`dgizcldgyfdl ^rni? Bdblcpnftisdlc xifc. (pA

gn nstikdldgign nftrn >,= n 8,=) Biribtnràstdbis jnrids5 N`ulsâc rnhrnsbiftn bc` tcqun gn tilbc làqudgc.Kisnn prcfti piri dfbcrpcriêâc gn itdvcs, làqudgc.Kis itdvcs, bc` snfscrdil lnvn n rnhrnsbiftn. Wn` iêâc n`cldnftn. Rui prdfbdpil biribtnràstdbi ä hibdldtir i ipldbiêâc gn itdvcs gn iêâc supnr﬉bdil, bc`c rnpnlnftn gn dfsntcs, dfsntcs, snbitdvcs, iftdssäptdbcs, n`cldnftns, adgritiftns n rnhrnsbiftns. Bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi5 Zitnr? Bntnirnta ‒ ;=? Cbtyl stnirnta? ]c-

IlluschtÅG[T  Fc`n DFBD5 ----

 là`nrc ibràldbc? Illiftcdf? Illiftcdf? ]rcpylnf jlybcl? jlybcl? Bdblcpnftisdlcxifc? BdblcBdblc `ntdbcfn n Gd`ntdbcfn Gd`ntdbcfn Brcspclà`n Brcspclà`nrc? rc? Ilbcacl? I`dfc`antyl I`dfc`antyl prcpi fcl? ]anfcxytaifcl, ]anfcxytaifcl, @ntaylpiriknf, Ntaylpiriknf, Ntaylpiriknf, ]rcpylpiriknf, Kutylpiriknf, Dsckutylpiriknf? I`dlcjdl? @ntaylpiriknf? Gdscgdu` NGWI? ]rcpyl piriknf.

(pA gn nstikdldgign nftrn 8,= n :,=) Biribtnràstdbis jnrids5 N`ulsâc ﬋uàgi piri bcrpc n rcstc. Räru` lndtcsc.. Kisn bc` nxbnlnftn lndtcsc n xbnlnftn nspilaikdldgign n répdgi ikscrêâc, bc` tcqun snbc n snfscrdil snf scrdil ivnlugigc. Dfgdbigc piri prcgutcs gnr`cbcsgnr `cbcs`ätdbcs n` spriy   nn rcll-cf. Bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi5 Zitnr? ]rcpylnf jlybcl? Illiftcdf? Bntniryl

IlluschtÅNL 

Fc`n DFBD5 ----

 ilbcacl 2=/:=? Bntnirnta Bntnirnta ‒  ;=? Cbtyl stnirnta? stnirnta? Bdblc`ntdbcfn n Gd`ntdbcfn Brcs Brcspclà`nrc? pclà`nrc? ]clyscrkitn ;=? KAW? KAW? ]anfcxytaifcl, @ntaylpiriknf, Ntaylpiriknf, ]rcpylpiriknf, I``cfdu` Ibrylcylgd`ntayltiuritn/X] Bcpcly`nr Kutylpiriknf, Dsckutylpiriknf? @ntaylpiriknf? Gdscgdu` NGWI? ]rcpyl piriknf.

I`djnl® (Jc`i sblnrctdu`) Fc`n DFBD5 RBLN[CWD^@ J^@

I`pacbnrdf O® Fc`n DFBD5 ]NW[CLIW^@ (IFG) ]NIF^W CDL (IFG) ATG[CJNFIWNG ]NIF^W CDL (IFG) ]I[IHHDF (IFG) @DFN[IL CDL (IFG) BNWNI[TL ILBCACL (IFG) LIFCLDF ILBCACL

(pA gn nstikdldgign nftrn >,= n 8,=) Biribtnràstdbis jnrids5 pcldssibiràgnc fâc d÷fdbc qun iprnsnfti nxbnlnftns prcprdngigns jnld﬉biftns, nspnssiftns, n`ulsdcfiftns n`ulsdcfiftns,, suspnfscris n hcr`igcris gn ﬉l`n. ]cssud i bipibdgign gn hcr`ir jäds iqucscs nstévnds n` i`pli hidxi gn pA n` prnsnfêi gn sids n nlntròldtcs,, élbccl n sclvnftns crjëfdbcs, ilä` gn suspnfgnr itdvcs dfsclõvnds ldtcs n nstikdldzir quiftdgigns bcfsdgnrévnds gn òlncs sn` i prnsnfêi gn n`ulsdcfiftns. Cs jäds cktdgcs iprnsnfti` tcqun `ibdc, `ibdc, suivn n fâc f âc pnjiecsc. Bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi5 pcldssibiràgnc fituril, kdcgnjrigévnl, cktdgc pcr kdctnbfclcjdi i pirtdr gn bulturis gn Rblnrctdu` rclhsdd , qun iprnsnfti nxbnlnftns n xbnlnftns prcprdngigns jnld﬉biftns, nspnssiftns, nspnssiftns, n`ulsdcfiftns, suspnfscris n hcr`igcris gn ﬉l`n (pA gn nstikdldgign nftrn ;,= n 99,=). Biribtnràstdbis jnrids5 kisn gnr`itclòjdbi nstévnl n stévnl fâc d÷fdbi, iutcn`ulsdcfiftn, ikscrvnftn gn éjui, utdldzigi fi prnpiriêâc gn pc`igis,, n`ulsþns (tdpc I/C) n pistis. pc`igis Bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi5 isscbdiêâc gn òlncs vnjntids, bclnstnrcl n cutrcs nstnròds. nstnròds.

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

 

pA @IF^IL GN IWDXCR GN NRWIKDLDGIGN GN ^RC WÒ]DBC Kisn jilåfdbi cu `itärdi -prd`i prngc`dfiftn Irdstc﬋nx® I  IXB XB Fc`n DFBD5 I@@CFD^@ IB[TLCTGD@NWATLWI^[IWC (IFG) XDFTL HC[@I@DGN BC]CLT@N[

Biribtnràstdbis jnrids n bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi Biribtnràstdbis jnrids5 pclà`nrc sdftätdbc jnld﬉biftn utdldzigc bc`c hcr`igcr gn jnl n` sdstn`is iqucscs n bc`c nspnssiftn n` n`ulsþns gc tdpc C/I. Iprnsnfti bc`c biribtnràstdbi snfscrdil i suivdgign sn` pnjiecsdgign n hcr`i jäds nstévnds n` pA ébdgc. Nstikdldzi Nstikdldzi n`ulsþns bc` jrifgn birji clncsi n ä n`prnjigc fi nlikcriêâc gn jnl-kisn n` sdstn`is iqucscs, ilä` gn ituir bc`c nspnssiftn n` n`ulsþns gc tdpc òlnc/éjui. ]cgnré snr i cpêâc piri i dfbcrpcriêâc gn ébdgcs, ﬉ltrcs sclirns hàsdbcs, gnspdj`nftiftns, gnspdj`nftiftns, ntifcl n` nlnvigis

9::

Kisn Igd`ix® Fc`n DFBD5 JL JLTBN[TL TBN[TL RWNI[IWN (IFG) ]NJ-9== RWNI[IWN (IFG) ATG[CJNFIWNG NWATL CLDXIWN CLDXI WN (IFG) DRC][C]TL @T[DRWIWN @T[DRW IWN (IFG) GCD^@ IB[DLIWNR BC]]CLT@N[ BC]]CLT@N[ (IFG) ADG[CJNFIWNG ]CLT ]CLTDRCK^WNFN DRCK^WNFN (IFG) ]ACR]ACLD]DGNR (IFG) ]CLTJLTBN[DL-9= RWNI[IWN (IFG) ANLDIFWA^R IFF^^R (R^FHLCZN[) RNNG CDL (IFG) LNBNWADF (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWA IFCL (IFG) (IFG) IY IY^I ^I (IFG (IFG)) NGW NGWI I GDRRCGD^@ (IFG) ATG[CQT ATG[CQT-][C]TL @NWA^LBNLL^LCRN 

bcfbnftriêþns, nftrn cutrcs itdvcs.sdftätdbc prä-fnutrildzigc (bcpclà`nrc Bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi5  pclà`nrc gc ébdgc sulh÷fdbc ibrdlcdlgd`ntdltiuritc n vdfdlpdrrcldgcfi), gn birétnr ifd÷fdbc? nftrntiftc, ä dfbc`pitàvnl bc` nlntròldtcs (pA gn nstikdldgign nftrn 7,= n 4,=). Biribtnràstdbis jnrids5 kisn bcfbnftrigi bcfstdtudfgc-sn n` n`ulsâc bc` birétnr fâc d÷fdbc/ifd÷fdbc. Dfgdbigi piri tcgcs cs tdpcs gn pnln, dfblusdvn snbis n snfsàvnds? n`ulsþns adgritiftns, hhcr`uliêþns cr`uliêþns hibdids,, bcrpcrids, hibdids bcrpcrids, brn`ns gn usc gdurfc n fcturfc, fctur fc, prcgutcs iftdijdfj, futrdtdvcs, rnjnfnrigcrns, pòs- pnnldfjs prcgutcs  pnnldfjs n gnspdj`nftiftns, prcgutcs dfhiftds n hcr`uliêþns piri érni gcs clacs. Bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi5 n`cldnftns rn﬉figcs, gnscgcrdzigcs gn crdjn` fituril, kisnigcs fc òlnc gn cldvi, snfgc u`i iltnrfitdvi vnjntil ic usc gn sdldbcfns (pA gn nstikdldgign nftrn 2,= n :,=).

Biribtnràstdbis jnrids5 kisn prcfti rdbi n` dfjrngdnftns gn crdjnfs vnjntil n fituril, gn birétnr ifd÷fdbc. Iprnsnfti-sn bc` biribtnràstdbis tiboy-hrnn, cdl-hrnn, piriknfc-hrnn, sdldbcfn-hrnn. ]rc`cvn u` tcqun gdhnrnfbdigc gnvdgc ics pclà`nrcs `ultdhufbdcfids bc` prcprdngigns suivdziftns,, n`cldnftns n ä dfgdbigi piri ldfai hibdil n bcrpcril. suivdziftns Bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi5 Bc`pcfnftns gn crdjn` vnjntil n fituril. Dfbc`pitàvnl bc` nlntròldtcs, nlntròldtcs, ﬉ltrcs hàsdbcs n quà`dbcs qu à`dbcs ldpcssclõvnds (hidxi gn nstikdldgign gn pA nftrn 7,> n 8,>). Kisn Bcfbnftrigi Fâc D÷fdbi  Biribtnràstdbis jnrids5 kisn iutcn`ulsdcfiftn n n`cldnftn piri i nlikcriêâc gn brn`ns n lcêþns gc tdpc òlnc/éjui, qun iprnsnfti (Brcgikisn® B[;) Fc`n DFBD5 BNWNI[TL ILbc`pitdkdldgign bc` dfõ`nrcs dfõ` nrcs itdvcs. I bcfsdståfbdi gi hcr`uliêâc nsté BCACL (IFG) BNWNI[NWA ;= rnlibdcfigi í quiftdgign gn Brcgikisn® B[; prnsnftn. (IFG) @DFN[IL CDL (IFG) LIFBc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi5 i Brcgikisn® B[; ä u` prcgutc hcr`uligc CLDF ILBCACL (IFG) ]NW[CKisn Kdc Rnru`®

Fc`n DFBD5 NGWI GDRRCGD^@ (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL (IFG) ]CLTY^I[WND^@-9= (IFG) ZIWN[ (IFG) ][C]TLNFN JLTBCL (IFG) ATG[CQTNWATLBNLL^LCRN (IFG) @NWATL JL^BNWA-;=

bc`gn bnris n spnssiftns, nspnssiftns , n`ulsdcfiftns fâc﬉fil d÷fdbcs, d÷fdbcs , n`cldnftns gnrdvigcs lifcldfi n adgrcbirkcfntcs a dgrcbirkcfntcs. . I kisn bcftä`, prdfbdpil`nftn, Brcgikisn® B[;, u`nbtiftns, bcfsnrviftns n éjui.

LIW^@

9:1

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

Kisn jilåfdbi cu `itärdi -prd`i prngc`dfiftn Kisn Aygri Hrnsa® Fc`n DFBD5 ATG[CJNFIWNG CLDXN CDL ^FRI]CFDHDIKLNR (IFG) ATG[CJNFIWNG NWATLANQTL CLDXIWN (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL/JLTBCL RWNI[IWN (IFG) JLTBCL GDRWNI[IWN (IFG) CL^R CDL (IFG) BI@NLDFI RIWDXI CDL (IFG) GDRRCGD^@ NGWI (IFG)

Biribtnràstdbis jnrids n bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi Biribtnràstdbis jnrids5 kisn prcfti bc` birétnr fâc d÷fdbc n ifd÷fdbc fâc bc`ngcjåfdbi n adpcilnrjåfdbi dfgdbigi piri tcgcs cs tdpcs gn pnln, dfblusdvn snfsàvnds. N`prnjigi n` prnpiriêþns piri érni gcs clacs, gnvdgc í hébdl nspilaikdldgign n ipldbiêâc, ipldbiêâc, pcr sn tritir gn u`i rnjdâc snfsàvnl, ilä` gn rcstc, `âcs, pnsbcêc n bcrpc. Bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi5 gnsnfvclvdgi í kisn gn hcshcldpàgdcs n igdtdvcs hufbdcfids (hidxi gn pA gn nstikdldgign nftrn 2,= n 1,=).

 IY^I (IFG) RCGD^@ RCGD^@ IB[T IB[T-LIWNR BC]CLT@N[ (IFG) ATG[CJNFIWNG ]CLTDRCK^WNFN (IFG) ]ACR]ACLD]DG ]ACR]ACLD]DGR R (IFG) ]CLTJLTBN[TL-9= RWNI[IWN (IFG) ANLDIFWA^R  IFF^^R (R^FHLCZN[) (R^FHLCZN[) RNNG CDL (IFG) XNJNWIKLN XNJNW IKLN CDL (IFG) CL^R CDL

Kisn ×`nji Jclg® Fc`n DFBD5 JLTBN[TL RWNI[IWN (IFG) ]NJ-9== RWNI[IWN (IFG) RCGD^@ IB[TLIWNR BC]CLT@N[ (IFG) ATG[CJNFIWNG ]CLTDRCK^WNFN (IFG) ]ACR]ACLD]DGR (IFG) ]CLTJLTBN[TL-9= RWNI[IWN (IFG) ANLDIFWA^R IFF^^R RNNG CDL (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIF ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL CL (IFG) ATG[CJNFIWNG CLDXN CDL ^FRI]CRRDHDIKLNR (IFG) ATG[CJNFIWNG NATLANQTN CLDXIWN (IFG) KNANFTL  ILBCACL (IFG) JL JLTBN[TL RWNI[IWN (IFG) LNBDWADF (IFG) JLTBDFN RCTI (RCTI KNIF) RWN[CLR (IFG) NGWI GDRRCGD^@ (IFG) IY^I (IFG) GDDRC][C]TL IGD]IWN (IFG) BTBLC@NWADBCFN BTBLC@NWADBC FN (IFG) GD@NWADBCFN B[CCR]CLT@N[ (IFG) CL^R CDL (IFG) BI@NLDFI RIWDXI CDL

Biribtnràstdbis jnrids5 iprnsnfti prcprdngigns hufbdcfids n snfscrdids.. Dfgdbigi piri prcgutcs dfhiftds? prcgutcs  iftdijdfj, futrdtdvcs, scrdids rnjnfnrigcrns, pòs- pnnldfj  pnnldfj n gnspdj`nftiftns? prcgutcs piri tcgcs cs tdpcs gn pnln, dfblusdvn snbis, snfsàvnds n rnitdvis, n`ulsþns adgritiftns, hcr`uliêþns hibdids, bcrpcrids, bcrpcrids, brn`ns n n`ulsþns gn usc gdurfc n fcturfc n hcr`uliêþns piri i érni gcs clacs. Bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi5 hcshcldpàgdcs gn jdrisscl n gi cldvi (pA gn nstikdldgign nftrn 2,= n 1,=).

RÄ[DN IFHI[@IJ

 

 

pA @IF^IL GN IWDXCR GN NRWIKDLDGIGN GN ^RC WÒ]DBC Kisn jilåfdbi cu `itärdi -prd`i prngc`dfiftn Kisn Rnbcfg Rodf® Fc`n DFBD5 IY^I (IFG) JLTBN[TL RWNI[IWN 4IFG) RWNI[DB IBDG (IFG) RCGD^@ BCBCTL JL^BI@IWN (IFG) ]ANFCQTNWAIFCL ]ANFCQTNWAIFC L (IFG) RANI K^WWN[ BNWTL NRWN[R (IFG) GDRRCGD^@ NGWI (IFG) ATG[CJNFIWNG XNJNWIKLN CDL (IFG) ATG[CQTNWAD ATG[CQTNWADLL-

Biribtnràstdbis jnrids n bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi Biribtnràstdbis jnrids5 kisn prcfti gnr`chufbdcfil tiboy-hrnn bc` birétnr fâc d÷fdbc. Dfgdbigi piri tcgcs cs tdpcs gn pnln, dfblusdvn usdvn snbis, snfsàvnds n rnitdvis? n`ulsþns adgritiftns, hcr`uliêþns hibdids, bcrpcrids, brn`ns n n`ulsþns gn usc gdurfc, fcturfc n prcgutcs dfhiftds? prcgutcs  iftdijdfj, futrdtdvcs, rnjnfnrigcrns, pòs-pnnldfj n gnspdj`nftiftns? rcstc, bcrpc, `âcs n pnsbcêc. Bc`pcsdêâc quà`dbi5 gnsnfvclvdgi nxblusdvi`nftn bc` hcshcldpàgdcs, u` fcvc bcfbndtc gn hcr`uliêâc qun bcftä` itdvcs iprcvigcs

9:4