Petrobras

 

C [WCNB[ÚW@C KB @O[BWOCJ@IOCL@^CÆÊI KC QB[WIGWCZ OC @OKÞZ[W@C KB QB[WÚLBI B KBW@XCKIZ3 Crdcoki Kcllc Jistc7  Euãsjcr H`clei Qbsscl`:

C QbtrigrcsÁà luz c dc`ir bdprbsckbbstctcl grcs`lb`rc b tbdkc udc súl`kc trcnbtúr`c kb Wbsudi> `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi. kcs tbir`cs `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi h`rdc, gusjc-sb cqu` botbokbr jidi c bdprbsc jrbsjbu oi dbrjcki `otbroi b bovbrbkiu-sb ois dbrjckis `o `otb tbro rocj cj`i `ioc oc`s `s.. Qc Qcrc rc li lijc jcl` l`zc zcrr c k` k`sj sjus ussê sêi, i, rb rbsf sfct ctcd cdis is pr pr`d `db` b`ri ri i `o `oäj äj`i `i b i kbsbovilv`dboti kc h`rdc oi dbrjcki `otbroi. Oc sbqüîoj`c, vbr`h`jcdis jidi sb kbu suc rcd`h`jcæêi `otbrocj`iocl pcrc trîs frcokbs ãrbcs fbifrãh`jcs (Cdàr`jc, Burãs`c b Ãhr`jc) oud jiotbxti kb k`sputc fligcl pbli pbtrúlbi v`c jiojbssòbs kb bxplircæêi, b ct`v`kckbs kb rbh`oi b k`str`gu`æêi. Oitc-sb qub c pr`oj`pcl hiotb kb rbjb`tc kc bdprbsc jiot`ouc sboki i dbrjcki grcs`lb`ri, dcs suc `osbræêi ois dbrjckis `otbrocj`ioc`s `otbrocj`ioc`s tbd jrbsj`ki bd tbrdis cgsilutis b tcdgàd sb sih`st`jcki, pcsscoki kb udc gusjc pir `osudis pcrc c bxpcosêi kcs vbokcs kb prikutis h`oc`s b kb tbjoilif`c.

Qclcvrcs-jecvb > Qbtri Qbtrigrc grcs= s= `otb `otbroc rocj`i j`iocl ocl`zc `zcæê æêi= i= pbtrúl pbtrúlbi bi b kbr`vc kbr`vckis kis== e`s e`stúr túr`c `c kb bdprbscs, e`stúr`c kc Qbtrigrcs. QB[WIGWCZ [IVCWKZ @O[BWOC[@IOCL@^C[@IO @O [EB I@L @OKRZ[WP Cgstrcjt> Cgstrcj t> Qbtrigrcs `s teb lcrfbst Grcz`l`co stctb-iwobk jidpcoy cok ecs gbjidb c wbll-moiwo dult`oct`iocl h`rd `o teb i`l `okustry. V`te `os`fets hrid tebir`bs ih teb `otbroct`iocl`zct`io ih teb h`rd, te`s bsscy teriws l`fet io `ts e`stiry cs `t iutfrbw `ts eidb dcrmbt ti tcmb pcrt `o teb fligcl i`l fcdb. [eb bsscy stcrts gy rbsju`of teb e`stiry ih Qbtrigrcs `o teb kidbst`j dcrmbt cok, `o wect hilliws, `t kbp`jts teb jidpcoy‐s divbs tiwcrks wirlkw`kb dcrmbts `o terbb lcrfb fbifrcpe`j crbcs> Cdbr`jc, Burcs`c cok Chr`jc. Cll te`s ecppbos `o teb jiotbxt ih c h`brjb k`sputb hir i`l `o teb fligcl sjbob teriufe hiro bxplirct`io, rbd rbdc`o c`oss jiojbss`ios Qbt Qbtrig rigrcs rcs‐‐ dc` dc`o dcr dcrmb mbt,t, gutcok `ts rbh`o`of `ojurs `ojurs`io `iocok`o k`str`gut`io hirb`f hirb`foo dcrmbt dcrcjt`v`t`bs. mbtss ec ecss Grcz`l friwo friwo sugstcot`clly `o cgsilutb h`furbs cok `o sipe`st`jct`io tii ‚ hrid pursu`of rcw dctbr`cls cgrick ti sbll`of h`ocl prikujts cok cvcot-fcrkb  tbjeoilify. Mby-wirks> Qbtrigrcs= `otbroct`iocl`zct`io= i`l `okustry= e`stiry ih h`rds, Qbtrigrcs‐ e`stiry. 3

Crt`fi pugl`jcki oc Wbv`stc E`stúr`c Bjioûd`jc & E`stúr`c kb Bdprbscs. Xil. U@@, o.3, p. 2-:7, nco.nuo. 7110. 7 Kiutir pblc Ro`vbrs`tà kb Qcr`s @@@ (Zirgioob Oiuvbllb) b Qús-Kiutir pblc Ro`vbrs`tà kb Q`jcrk`b Nulbs Xbrob, Cd`bos. Qrihbssir oi Kbpcrtcdboti kb Bjioid`c, oi Qrifrcdc kb Qús-Frckucæêi bd Kbsbov Kbsb ovilv` ilv`dbo dboti ti Bjioûd Bjioûd`ji `ji kc RHQW RHQW b jiirkbo jiirkbocki ckirr ki Oþjlbi Oþjlbi kb Qbsqu`s Qbsqu`scc bd Bjioid` Bjioid`cc Bdprbscr`cl (www.bdprbscs.uhpr.gr). : Kiutir bd Bjioid`c pblc Ro`vbrs`ty ih Ebrthirkse`rb, @oflctbrrc. Qrihbssir ki Kbpcrtcdboti kb Bjioid`c Bjioid `c b oi Qrifrcdc kb Qús-Frckucæêi bd Kbsbovilv`dboti Kbsbovilv`dboti Bjioûd`ji kc RHQW, dbdgri ki Oþjlbi kbkbQbsqu`sc Bjioid`c Bdprbscr`cl b ki Frupi kb Bstukis bd Kbsbovilv`dboti b Bviluæêi Z`stbdcs bd [àjo`jis. B-dc`l> pbsscl`Auhpr.gr.

 

3. @otrikuæêi C Qbtrigrcs cprbsbotiu bd 7115 udc rbjb`tc läqu`kc kb W$ 732,3 g`leòbs b ud lujri läqu`ki kb W$ :7,0 g`leòbs (Qbtrigrcs 7110c). Bd 7115 c bdprbsc `ovbst`u W$ 2:,: g`leòbs, t`oec 310 siokcs kb pbrhurcæêi, 3:.36; piæis prikutirbs, 337 plctchirdcs, prikuæêi k`ãr`c kb 3,06 d`leêi kb gcrr`s pir k`c kb pbtrúlbi b ;77 d`l gcrr`s kb fãs octurcl, 38 rbh`ocr`cs, 350 ocv`is, 2.005 pistis kb vbokc b trîs hãgr`jcs kb hbrt`l`zcotbs (Qbtrigrcs, 7110c). Ci sbr huokckc bd : kb iutugri kb 302:, is dc`s it`d`stcs tbr`cd k`h`julkckb bd v`sludgrcr udc bdprbsc kbstb pirtb, qub sb tirocr`c dult`ocj`iocl b qub lbvcr`c i pcäs á cuti-suh`j`îoj`c bd pbtrúlbi. Oc suc trcnbtúr`c kb jrbsj`dboti, c bdprbsc boxbrfiu ipirtuo`kckbs b bspcæis b bdpboeiu bshiræis jrbsjbotbs bd tirocr-sb `otbrocj`iocl. Qcrc cutirbs jidi Zcuvcot (7116), i @ovbst`dboti K`rbti oi Bxtbr`ir tiroiu-sb dc`s `dpirtcotb qub i jidàrj`i oi cpirtb kb gbos b sbrv`æis ois dbrjckis bxtbrois. Bd 711:, pir bxbdpli, i hcturcdboti kb sugs`k`ãr`cs kb bdprbscs bstrcofb`rcs (RZ$ 35 tr`leòbs) ci rbkir ki duoki hi` i kigr kigrii kcs kcs bx bxpi pirtc rtcæò æòbs bs (R (RZ$ Z$ 0 tr` tr`le leòb òbs) s).. @sti @sti à rb rbsu sult ltck ckii kb ud div` div`db dbot otii kb `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi kcs frcokbs jidpcoe`cs qub vbd sb `otbos`h`jcoki jidi pcrtb kc fligcl`zcæêi bjioûd`jc, h`ocojb`rc b jidbrj`cl. Bstb bosc`i tbd jidi ignbt`vi pr`oj`pcl bxcd`ocr cs cæòbs kc Qbtrigrcs ci liofi kb suc e`stúr`c bd k`rbæêi cis dbrjckis `otbrocj`ioc`s. Qcrc tcoti, hcz-sb kb `oäj`i ud grbvb rbsfctb kc l`tbrcturc bd tbir`c bjioûd`jc c rbspb`ti kc `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi kb bdprbscs. Bd sbfu`kc sêi cprbsbotckis blbdbotis qub cnukcd c botbokbr c e`stúr`c kc Qbtrigrcs b suc ctucæêi b jrbsj`dboti oi Grcs`l, lbvcoki i pcäs á cuti-suh`j`îoj`c bd pbtrúlbi b kbr`vckis oi `oäj`i ki sàjuli UU@. Oc tbrjb`rc pcrtb bstukc-sb jidi sb kbu c botrckc b i kbsbovilv`dboti kcs ct`v`kckbs kc bdprbsc bd iutris pcäsbs kc Cdàr`jc, Burãs`c b Ãhr`jc. Zbfubd, botêi, clfuos jidbotãr`is h`oc`s.

7. C `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi kcs bdprbscs Kb cjirki jid Clbd & Jcvcljcot` (7116>781) “c frcokb jidplbx`kckb ki prijbssi kb `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi qub bovilvb bdprbscs b pcäsbs kb bstruturcs gcstcotb k`hbrboj`ckcs oêi pbrd`tb qub ecnc udc tbir`c fbrcl sigrb i prijbssi—. Cpbscr k`sti, eã oc l` l`tb tbrc rctu turc rc vã vãr` r`is is bshi hiræ ræiis kb `o `otb tbrp rprb rbtc tcrr b s`stb `stbdc dct` t`zzcr i hb hboû oûdb dboi oi kc

 

`otbrocj`iocl`zcæêii kcs bdprbscs;. Gic pcrtb kc l`tbrcturc sb viltc pcrc i div`dboti kb `otbrocj`iocl`zcæê bdprbs bdp rbscs cs kb pcäsb pcäsbss dc` dc`ss kbs kbsbov bovilv ilv`ki `kiss rud rudii c pcäsbs pcäsbs dbo dbois is kbsbo kbsbovil vilv`k v`kis, is, ud hboû hboûdb dboi oi dc dcrj rjco cotb tb kb kbsk skbb is co cois is 30 3021 21 (Ey (Eydb dbr, r, 30 3085 85). ). Bdgi Bdgirc rc gb gbd d dboi dboiss s`stbdct`zckcs, eã tcdgàd k`sjussòbs sigrb c `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi kb bdprbscs oct`vcs kb pcäsbs dbois kbsbovilv`kis (v`kb LBJWCV, 3066= LCLL, 305:= FILKZ[B@O, 3000), ud hboûdboi qub fcoeiu dc`ir k`dbosêi c pcrt`r kb dbckis kis cois 3061 (ROJ[CK, 7116). Kb cjirki jid c cgirkcfbd kb Kuoo`of (3055), pcrc sb `otbrocj`iocl`zcrbd cs bdprbs bdp rbscs cs kbv kbvbd bd pis pissu` su`rr jbrti jbrtiss t`p t`pis is kb vco vcotcf tcfbos bos sigrb sigrb sbus sbus jidpb jidpbt`ki t`kirbs rbs qub  nust`h`qubd i `ovbst`dboti k`rbti oi bxtbr`ir. bxtbr`ir. Cs jecdckcs “vcotcfbos “vcotcfbos kb pripr`bkckb—, pripr`bkckb—, pir bxbd bxbdpli, pli, `ojlubd cqu cqublcs blcs rblcj`iockc rblcj`iockcss cis ct`vis tcofävb`s tcofävb`s b `otcofävb` `otcofävb`ss (b.f (b.f.. dcrjcs, jcpcj`tcæêi tbjoilúf`jc, qucl`h`jcæêi kc dêi-kb-igrc) qub pbrd`tbd qub cs h`rdcs pisscd cprivb`tcr cs “vcotcfbos kb lijcl`zcæêi— ihbrbj`kcs pir iutris pcäsbs, jidi rbjursis octurc`s, dêi-kb-igrc, `ohrc-bstruturc b tcdcoei ki dbrjcki.  Kuoo`of (3055) kbskigrc c dit`v `vccæêi kcs bdprbscs bd k`rb `rbæêi á `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi bd quctri blbdbotis> c) c gusjc kb rbjursis octurc`s b vcotcfbos jidpcrct`vcs= g) dc`ir hcj`l`kckb kb jidbrj`cl`zcæêi= j) cjbssi c oivis dbrjckis= b k) fcoeis kb bh`j`îoj`c. Bd rblcæêi á `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi qub v`sc i cjbssi c rbjursis b ut`l`zcæêi kb vcotcfbos jidpcrct`vcs, kbstcjc-sb oc bxpbr`îoj`c `otbrocj`iocl c gusjc pir dctàr`cs-pr`dcs b dêi-kb-igrc dc`s gcrctcs qub oi pcäs kb ir`fbd. @ssi v`cg`l`zcr`c c prikuæ prikuæêi êi kbst`o kbst`ock ckcc c iu iutris tris db dbrjc rjcki kiss ji jid d justis justis dc` dc`ss jid jidpb pbt`t` t`t`vis vis bd oävbl oävbl `otbro `ot brocj cj`ioc `iocl.l. Oi qub k`z rbs rbspb pb`ti `ti c dc` dc`irb irbss hcj`l`k hcj`l`kck ckbs bs kb ji jidbr dbrj`c j`cl`z l`zcæê cæêi, i, pir bxbdpli, c `ostclcæêi kb bsjr`túr`is kb rbprbsbotcæêi cnukc c fcrcot`r c k`spio`g`l`kckb ki prikuti oi dbrjcki-clvi ci bstcgblbjbr clfud jiotrilb sigrb jcoc`s lijc`s kb k`str`g k`s tr`gu`æ u`æêi. êi. I cjbs cjbssi si c oiv oivis is dbr dbrjc jckis kis pikb pikb jidg`o jidg`ocr cr vã vãr`i r`iss hct hctirb irbs, s, ji jidi di c bx`stîoj`c kb gcrrb`rcs jidbrj`c`s octurc`s (k`h`julkckbs häs`jcs) iu jr`ckcs (rbstr`æòbs tcr`hãr`cs). C gusjc pir bh`j`îoj`c l`kc jid c rcj`iocl`zcæêi kc prikuæêi pcrc bxplircr bjio bjioid id`c `css kb bspb bspbj` j`cl cl`z `zcæ cæêi êi b li lijc jcl` l`zc zcæê æêi. i. Bd ud fr frccu dc`s dc`s cv cvco coæc æcki ki kb ;

 Kbstcjc-sb oi Grcs`l c Huokcæêi Kid Jcgrcl, jbotri kb kbsbovilv`dboti kb bxbjut`vis, bdprbsãr`is b bdprbscs, jr`ckc bd 3068 c pcrt`r ki Jbotri kb Bxtbosêi kc QRJ-DF. Bd 300:, cssij`ckc c ud frupi kb bdprbscs, jr`iu i prinbti “@otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi kb Bdprbscs Grcs`lb`rcs—, b oi h`ocl kb 711: lcoæiu i prifrcdc Fligcl Qlcybrs, rbuo`oki h`rdcs grcs`lb`rcs jid bxpbr`îoj`c b pbrspbjt`vcs kb ctucæêi bd dbrjckis fligc`s. Blc jr`iu c`okc i Oþjlbi kb Obfúj`is @otbrocj`ioc`s, qub `otbos`h`jiu bstukis b pbsqu`scs sigrb i tbdc (ettp>//www.kidjcgrcl.irf.gr). Kbstcjc-sb tcdgàd i Oþjlbi kb Qbsqu`sc bd @otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi kb kb Bdprbscs, l`fcki ci JIQQBCK-RHWN, qub hi` `o`j`cki bd 3066 jid i Frupi kb Qbsqu`sc bd Fbrîoj`c Bxpirtcæêi (ettp>//www.oup`o.jippbck.uhrn.gr).

 

`otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi, cs bdprbscs dult`ocj`ioc`s k`str`gubd btcpcs kb sucs ct`v`kckbs prikut`vcs pir pcäsbs k`hbrbotbs qub pissucd vcotcfbos k`vbrscs oc prikuæêi kb udc btcpc bspbjäh`jc. I qub ir`f`ocldbotb pikb sbr v`stc jidi udc h`l`cl kb`xc kb sbr dbrc ―rbprikuæêi‐ kc dctr`z, pikboki sb bspbj`cl`zcr bd udc iu clfudcs btcpcs bspbjäh`jcs kc pr prik ikuæ uæêi êi.. Jc Jcss ssio io (3 (305 05:) :) b Fu Fu`l `lp` p`oo (3 (305 056) 6) jc jcrc rcjt jtbr br`z `zcd cd `ss `ssi ji jidi di udc udc vbrt`jcl`zcæêi `otbrocj`iocl `otbrocj`iocl kc bdprbsc qub cdpl`c i jidbrj`c `otbrocj`iocl `otrch`rdc. Bstukcoki jcsis kb `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi kb h`rdcs grcs`lb`rcs, @flbs`cs & Dittc Xb`f Xb `fcc (711 (7117) 7) dboj dboj`i `ioc ocd d cl clfu fuos os t`pis t`pis kb `o `ovb vbst st`db `dbot otis is bx bxtb tbro rois is qu qubb cp cpú`c ú`cd d c bxpcosêi kb sucs bxpirtcæòbs> bsjr`túr`is jidbrj`c`s, crdczàos, jbotris kb k`str`gu`æêi, diotcfbd iu cjcgcdboti ki prikuti oi dbrjcki kb kbst`oi iu pcrc rbbxpirtcæêi, css`stîoj`c/sbrv`æi pús-vbokc, lcgirctúr`i b ih`j`ocs pcrc ckcptcæêi kb prikutis jid hiji oi dbrjcki `dpirtckir. C bstbs is cutirbs cjrbsjbotcd i bstcgblbj`db bstcgblbj`dboti oti kb lincs, piotis kb vbokcs prúpr`is b cs hrcoqu`cs. Obstcs dikcl`kckbs i bdprbbok`dboti bd iu iutr tris is pcäs pcäsbs bs v` v`sc sc dble dbleir ircr cr iu v` v`cg cg`l `l`z `zcr cr i ctbo ctbok` k`db dbot otii k`rbt `rbtii ci ciss jl`b jl`bot otbs bs `otbrocj`ioc`s kb prikutis ir`f`oãr`is kc dctr`z kc bdprbsc oi Grcs`l. I usi kb k`hbrbotbs t`pis kb `ovbst`dboti, jidi is dboj`iockis cj`dc, à täp`ji kb bdprbscs jid dc`ir bxpbr`îoj`c b jioebj`dboti ki dbrjcki `otbrocj`iocl b, oêi rcri, bovilvbd cjirkis kb pcrjbr`c jid súj`is lijc`s. [c`s cjirkis bd fbrcl `dpl`jcd oudc cdpl`cæêi ki oþdbri kb pcrjb`ris oi Grcs`l bovilv`kis k`rbtcdbotb ois obfúj`is kc bdprbsc jid i bxtbr`ir b i surf`dboti kb frupis kb pcrjb`ris bxpctr`ckis b/iu bstrc bstrcofb ofb`ris `ris.. Obs Obssc sc cltur clturc, c, cis kbs kbsch` ch`is is kb oc octur turbzc bzc prikut prikut`vc `vc b dbrjc dbrjckil kilúf úf`jc `jc sb sidcd is rblcj`iockis á fbstêi `otbrocj`iocl. Obstb jiotbxti, Jecoklbr (3087, 3066) cnukc c bxpl`jcr jidi cs bdprbscs tbotcd supbrcr tc`s igstãjulis ctrcvàs kb `oivcæòbs irfco` irf co`zc zcj`i j`ioc` oc`ss qub bo bovil vilvb vbd d pr`oj` pr`oj`pcl pcldbo dbotb tb c kbsjb kbsjbotrc otrcl`zc l`zcæê æêii kb kbj`sò kbj`sòbs bs b i cprivb`tcdboti cprivb`tcdbo ti kb bxpbrt`sbs lijc`s. Jidi igsbrvcd Gejmlby & Jcssio (3068) b Jcvbs (3051), c `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi v`c `ovbst`dboti k`rbti bstrcofb`ri sbr`c sbdblecotb cis prijb pri jbssi ssiss kb `ot `otbf bfrcæ rcæêi êi b k`v k`vbrs brs`h`j `h`jcæ cæêi êi kc h`rdc h`rdc bd dbrjck dbrjckis is fbifrc fbifrch`j h`jcdb cdbotb otb k`vbrs k`v brsis is kbo kbotri tri kb ud dbs dbsdi di pc pcäs äs ‚ tco tcoti ti ocs dit`vc dit`vcæò æòbs bs qucoti qucoti oc ocss dcob`r dcob`rcs cs irfc irfco`z o`zcj cj`i `ioc oc`s `s kb v` v`cg cg`l` `l`zã zã-l -lis is.. C `s `sti ti,, pirà piràd, d, si sidc dcdd-sb sb ju just stis is kb trc trcos oscæ cæêi êi objbssãr`is pcrc jidpct`g`l`zcr bd clfud frcu c rbcl`zcæêi kb obfúj`is bd cdg`botbs `ost`tuj`ioc`s k`st`otis.

 

Iutri cspbjti tbúr`ji qub cnukc c botbokbr c bxpbr`îoj`c kb `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi kc Qbtrigrcs à c gusjc kb rbspistcs pcrc cs sbfu`otbs qubstòbs> pir qub (cs h`rdcs kbj`kbd `ofrbsscr oi dbrjcki `otbrocj`iocl)9= i qub iu quc`s (sêi is t`pis kb ct`vis b/iu ct`v`kckbs trcoshbr`kcs pcrc i dbrjcki `otbrocj`iocl)9= qucoki (à i didboti ckbqucki pcrc sb `otbrocj`iocl`zcr)9= iokb (à rblbvcotb tbr ct`v`kckbs oi bxtbr`ir) 9= b jidi (iu qub dikbli ut`l`zcr pcrc gusjcr `osbræêi ` osbræêi oi dbrjcki `otbrocj`iocl)9 Obstb jiotbxti cs jirrbotbs tbúr`jcs sb k`v`kbd, frissi diki, bd> tbir`cs jid gcsbs bjioûd`jcs trck`j`ioc`s (oirdct`vcs) b jid gcsbs bjioûd`jcs jidpirtcdbotc`s (kbsjr`t`vcs). C pr`db`rc jirrbotb prijurc cocl`scr c `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi kcs h`rdcs jidi jiosbqüîoj`c jiosbqüîoj`c kb tidckcs kb kbj`sòbs rcj`ioc`s, qub v`scd c it`d`zcæêi kb lujris v`c jrbsj`dboti bd iutris dbrjckis. C sbfuokc botbokb qub c `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi kbpbokb kb ct`tukbs, pbrjbpæòbs b jidpirtcdbotis kis cfbotbs (h`rdcs b fbrîoj`cs), qub sb rblcj`iocd á rbkuæêi kis r`sjis b justis kb trcoscæêi ocs kbj`sòbs sigrb iokb b jidi bxpcok`r (Jcrob`ri bt cl., 7112= Q`tbl`s & Zufkbo, 7111)2. Oi qub sb rbhbrb cis `ovbst`dbotis k`rbtis oi bstrcofb`ri (@KB), Niecosio & V`bkbrseb`d-Qcul (3000) j`tcd qub du`tcs h`rdcs pcsscd pir ud prijbssi frckucl kb sujbss`vi cudboti oi jidpridbt`dboti oc suc `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi. Rd bxbdpli kb bojckbcdboti kb bstãf`is sbr`c> c) oêi bx`stb c pr`ojäp`i c ct`v`kckb bxpirtckirc= g) c bxpirtcæêi jidbæc c sbr hb`tc v`c rbprbsbotcotbs `otbrocj`ioc`s `okbpbokbotbs= j) cs vbokcs ijirrbd v`c sugs`k`ãr`cs prúpr`cs kc h`rdc b= k) ``o`j`c-sb o`j`c-sb c prikuæêi/dcouhcturc bd plcotcs `ostclckcs oi bxtbr`ir. Bstc à udc `otbrprbtcæêi jlãss`jc qub h`jiu jioebj`kc pir dikbli kb Rppsclc, c uo`vbrs`kckb subjc qub hi` gbræi kb sbu kbsbovilv`dboti. Bssb dikbli tbd sihr`ki jrät`jcs b rbv`sòbs, bdgirc c`okc cnukb c bxpl`jcr du`tis jcsis b s`rvc kb pioti kb pcrt`kc pcrc iutrcs coãl`sbs. Cs iokcs dc`s rbjbotbs kb husòbs b cqu`s`æòbs, pir bxbdpli, sêi jcsis bd qub bdprbscs trcosjbokbd c cgirkcfbd frckucl kbsjr`tc oi dikbli kb Rppsclc b distrcd c k`oçd`jc kc `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi kis jcp`tc`s prikut`vis. Bstukis kb jcsis cpiotcd pcrc k`vbrscs ijcs`òbs b dikis bd qub bdprbscs bdprbscs “qub`dcrcd “qub`dcrcd—— bstã bstãf`is f`is oc suc `otbrocj `otbrocj`iocl `iocl`zcæê `zcæêi, i, pr`oj`pcldb pr`oj`pcldbotb otb cs ir`uokcs kb pcäsbs bdbrfbotbs (L`u bt cl., 7112, Muckc & Zõrbosbo, 7111). Jcotwbll & Ocrulc (711:), pir bxbdpli, bv`kboj`cd jcsis bd qub bdprbscs prijbkbd k`rbtcdbotb 2

 Eã pripistcs pripistcs kb iutrcs sugk`v`sòbs, sugk`v`sòbs, jidi botrb dikblis kb bstãf`is, kb jiot`ofîoj` jiot`ofîoj`cc b kb `otbrcæêi (v`kb Muckc & Zõrbosbo 7111) iu qub sb ir`botcd pbli j`jli kb v`kc ki prikuti bd qubstêi (Xbroio 3088) 3088). . Qcrc udc bt k`sjussêi bdZ`lvc kbtclebs sigrb cs k`vbrscs út`jcs tbúr`jcs, vbr Dbl`o (3007), (3007(711:). ), [ilbot`oi (300:), Kuoo`of cl. (3006), (7117), @flbs`cs & Xb`fc (7117), b Zvbtl`j`j & Winbj

 

ci @KB sbd tbr s`ki bxpirtckircs. Xãr`cs kblcs cprivb`tcd ipirtuo`kckbs tbjoilúf`jcs iu `ost`tuj`ioc`s bd qub i pr`db`ri div`dboti pbrd`tb clfudc vcotcfbd kb dioipúl`i pir tbdpi suh`j`botb pcrc i cprbok`zcki b c ckcptcæêi ci oivi cdg`botb kb obfúj`is oi pcäs rbjbptir. Kuoo`of (3053, 7113) igsbrvc qub bdprbscs kb pcäsbs bdbrfbotbs bd fbrcl jiotc iotcd d jid clf lfuudc bspb spbj`h `h`j `j`k `kck ckbb li lijjcl c le lebbs `dpr `dprbf bfoc ocrr c trc trcnb nbtú túr` r`cc kb `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi, kcki qub iutris hctirbs jidi bsjclc b kidäo`i kb jioebj`dbotis jidplbxis hcvirbjbd bdprbscs kb pcäsbs kbsbovilv`kis. Lcll (305:) crfudbotc qub cs bdprbscs kb pcäsbs bdbrfbotbs ckcptcd iu kbsbovilvbd tbjoilif`cs ir`uokcs kis pcäsbs kbsbovilv`kis pcrc ut`l`zã-lcs bd sbus dbrjckis bspbjäh`jis, i qub jecdiu kb “dukcoæc tàjo`jc lijcl`zckc—. Jidi rbsscltcd Jcrvclei & Filkstb`o (7115), `ssi jiotrcr`c c `kà`c kb qub tc`s bdprbscs cpbocs cprivb`tcd rbjursis lijc`s prà-bx`stbotbs pcrc jcp` jcp`tcl`zc tcl`zcrr vcotc vcotcfbos fbos jidp jidpcrct crct`vcs. `vcs. Blcs tcdgà tcdgàd d kbsbovil kbsbovilvbd vbd jidpbtîo jidpbtîoj`cs j`cs tbjoilúf`jcs qub pikbd bvbotucldbotb sbr cprivb`tckcs pcrc c `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi. `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi. @sti sb pitb pitboj oj`c `cl`z l`zcc ji jid d i jr jrbs bsj` j`db dbot otii kc rbok rbokcc ki pc pcäs äs kb ir ir`f `fbd bd b i rb rbsp spbj bjt`v t`vii jrbsj`dboti kc bsjclc kb ipbrcæêi kc bdprbsc. Jcrvclei & Filkstb`o (7115) kbstcjcd i jcsi bspbjäh`ji kc `okþstr`c ki pbtrúlbi b dboj`iocd suc jrbsjbotb il`fipil`zcæêi bd bsjclc fligcl. @sti sb kbu bd huoæêi tcoti kc bsjclc kb ipbrcæêi b ki clti r`sji kis `ovbst`dbotis, qucoti kc `osbfurcoæc oi cjbssi ás rbsbrvcs. Css`d, du`tis fivbrois kb pcäsbs bdbrfbotbs jiost`tuärcd bdprbscs bstctc`s jidi hirdc kb jidpboscr cs k`stiræòbs ki il`fipúl`i kb bdprbscs pr`vckcs kb pcäs pcäsbs bs kbsb kbsbov ovil ilv` v`ki kiss b rbku rbkuz` z`rr c kb kbpb pbok okîo îoj` j`cc pc pcrc rc ji jid d is pi piuj ujis is b pi pikb kbri risi siss hirobj hir objbki bkirbs rbs.. C ROJ[C ROJ[CK K (71 (7116) 16) rbf`str rbf`strc, c, pir bx bxbdp bdpli, li, qub :; kcs 21 dc`irb dc`irbss bdprbscs ki sbtir sêi bstctc`s. Xãr`is pcäsbs bdbrfbotbs tbotcrcd obfij`cr i cjbssi ás sucs rbsbrvcs jid jiotrcpcrt`kcs kb cjbssi á tbjoilif`c kbt`kc pblcs bdprbscs kis pcäsbs kbsbovilv`kis ‚ udc bstrctàf`c qub jiot`ouc sboki ut`l`zckc ‚ kb hirdc c cjblb cjblbrc rcrr i bs bshi hiræ ræii kb jctje`of-up   tbjoilúf`ji kb sucs bdprbscs. B, jidi sufbrb Filkstb`o (7110), ci kid`ocr i jioebj`dboti rbpcsscki b ut`l`zã-li bd jidg`ocæêi jid cs bspbj`h`j`kckbs rbqubr`kcs pblis dbrjckis lijc`s, clfudcs kcs bdprbscs kb pcäsbs bdbrfbotbs jiosbfu`rcd kbsbovilvbr jidpbtîoj`cs jidpbtîoj`cs suh`j`botbs pcrc cprivb`tcr iu dbsdi jr`cr ipirtuo`kckbs kb pcrt`j`pcæêi ois dbrjckis `otbrocj`ioc`s.

 

:. Qbtrigrcs> ki pr`db`ri piæi á cutissuh`j`îoj`c kb pbtrúlbi oi Grcs`l Eã rbf`stris qub `ok`jcd i `oäj`i kc bxplircæêi ki pbtrúlbi pcrc h`os jidbrj`c`s  nã oc kàjckc kb 3571 bd Vbst X`rf`o`c (DjMc`o & Cllbo, 300;), du`ti bdgirc sbnc jidud jrbk`tcr c Bkw`o Krcmb c pbrhurcæêi ki pr`db`ri piæi kb pbtrúlbi bd 3520 oc Qbos`lvço`c. Kb tiki diki, i piæi kb Krcmb t`oec 77 dbtris kb prihuok`kckb b prikuz pri kuz`c `c `o`j`c `o`j`cldb ldbotb otb 72 gc gcrr`s rr`s pir k`c (Di (Diurc urc 711:> 711:> 08). 08). Oi Grcs`l Grcs`l sio siokcf kcfbos bos prihuokcs hircd hb`tcs oc kàjckc kb 3501 oi bstcki kb Zêi Qculi. Oi botcoti, hi` sú bd 73 kb ncob`ri kb 30:0, dc`s kb ud sàjuli cpús is p`iob`ris, kbpi`s kb quctri cois kb pbsqu`scs b 36 piæis pbrhurckis bd Ligcti (GC), qub i pbtrúlbi hi` h`ocldbotb kbsjigbrti pir tàjo`jis ki Kbpcrtcdboti Ocj`iocl kc Qrikuæêi D`obrcl. Bd dc`i kb 30;3 hi` kbsjigbrti bd Jcokb`cs (GC) i pr`db`ri jcdpi jidbrj`cl kb pbtrúlbi oi pcäs. Bd kbzbdgri kb 30;7, c prikuæêi grcs`lb`rc ct`of`u :7 d`l gcrr`s, b ud coi kbpi`s cljcoæiu ;5.323 gcrr`s. Cpús i h`d kc Zbfuokc Fubrrc kbu-sb udc hirtb k`sputc botrb is kbhbosirbs kc botrckc kb bdprbscs bstrcofb`rcs pcrc bxplircr i pbtrúlbi b is ocj`iocl`stcs jiotrãr`is á prbsboæc kb dult`ocj`ioc`s oi sbtir. C k`sputc h`jiu hcdisc pblc hrcsb I pbtrúlbi à  oissi,

ut`l`zckc ocs jcdpcoecs bd kbhbsc kc jr`cæêi kb udc bstctcl bojcrrbfckc kc

prispbjæêi, bxplircæêi b rbh`oi. Jidi rbsultcki kbssb bdgctb, i botêi prbs`kbotb Fbtþl`i Xcrfcs jr`iu bd 30:5 i Jiosblei Ocj`iocl ki Qbtrúlbi (JOQ), cudbotcoki i jiotrilb bstctcl sigrb cs ct`v`kckbs ki sbtir. Dc`s tcrkb, Fbtþl`i Xcrfcs scoj`ioiu bd : kb iutugri kb 302: c Lb` oi 7.11;, jr`coki c Qbtrúlbis Grcs`lb`ris Z.C. ‚ Qbtrigrcs. 8 C Ro`êi t`oec pcrt`j`pcæêi dcnir`tãr`c oc bdprbsc b bxbrj`c jiotrilb plboi sigrb sucs ct`v`kckbs kb bxplircæêi b prijbsscdboti ki pbtrúlbi. Xclb rbsscltcr qub c Qbtrigrcs b sucs sugs`k`ãr`cs t`oecd i dioipúl`i kb tc`s ct`v`kckbs ‚ cpbocs c k`str`gu`æêi brc bxjbtuckc (Diurc, 711:). Kbskb sbu `oäj`i c Qbtrigrcs prbijupiu-sb tcoti jid c prispbjæêi jidi jid i rbh`oi, cgsirvboki ki JOQ udc rbh`ocr`c bd huoj`iocdboti b iutrc bd jiostruæêi. Clàd k`ssi, ecv`c iutrcs j`oji pbqubocs us`ocs pcrt`julcrbs bd ct`v`kckb iu bd jiostruæêi> c Kbst`lcr`c W`i-Frcokbosb kb Qbtrúlbi, c @p`rcofc (huoj`iocoki kbskb is cois 30:1), Jcpucvc b Dcofu`oeis (`ocufurckcs bd 302;), b Dcocus (`ocufurckc bd 3028). Jid c `ocufurcæêi kc rbh`ocr`c Qrbs`kbotb Gbrocrkbs, bd Jugctêi bd 3028, b kc 8

  Qcrchczdc`s dcudc `s kbtclebs kbtcl ebs jrät`jc c rbspb`ti rbspb` e`stúr`c e`stúr`c kc bdprbsc bdprbsc vbr, botrb botrb iutris, iutris, Diurc Diurc (711:)= (711:)= Clvbcl Clvbcl (3008) coãl`sb kbtisuckcjr`cæêi b bxpcosêi.

 

Kuqub kb Jcx`cs, oc Gc`xckc Hlud`obosb bd 3083, c jcpcj`kckb kb rbh`oi oi pcäs supbriu pblc pr`db`rc vbz i jiosudi (Diurc, 711:). C pbsqu`sc b i kbsbovilv`dboti kb oivcs tbjoilif`cs dcrjcr`cd c trcnbtúr`c kc bdprbsc. I `oäj`i kbstb prijbssi sb kbu bd 3026 jid c jr`cæêi ki Jbocp ‚ Jbotri kb Cpbrhb Cpb rhb`æi `æicdb cdboti oti b Qbs Qbsqu` qu`sc scss kb Qbt Qbtrúl rúlbi bi.. I Jbocp Jbocp hi` rbbstr rbbstrutu uturck rckii bd 308:, 308:, tirocoki-sb i Jbopbs ‚ Jbotri kb Qbsqu`scs b Kbsbovilv`dboti, qub pcssiu c jiotcr jid is 86 huoj`ioãr`is kc cot`fc `ost`tu`æêi, 35 kis quc`s jid oävbl supbr`ir. C Qbtrigrcs `ovbst`rc ctà botêi RZ$ 51 d`l bd pbsqu`scs, RZ$ 31 d`leòbs bd uo`kckbsp`liti b jbrjc kb RZ$ 331 d`l bd bqu`pcdbotis kb lcgirctúr`i (Diurc, 711:> 378). C bstruturc ki Jbopbs h`jiu k`spbrsc ctà 306: qucoki sucs uo`kckbs hircd jbotrcl`zckcs bd tbrrboi kc RHWN. Cl` t`vbrcd `oäj`i cs pbsqu`scs pcrc bxplircæêi kb pbtrúlbi ihhseirb ,

iokb sb s`tuc c dc`ir pcrtb kcs rbsbrvcs grcs`lb`rcs . C cpl`jcæêi kbsscs

pbsqu`scs c ãfucs prihuokcs vb`i c jiost`tu`r jidpbtîoj`cs jbotrc`s kc bdprbsc, qub pir suc vbz sb tirocrcd huokcdbotc`s pcrc suc cæêi `otbrocj`iocl bd pcäsbs juncs rbsbrvcs kb pbtrúlbi tîd jcrcjtbräst`jcs fbilúf`jcs sbdblecotbs ás grcs`lb`rcs (Hurtcki & Dullbr, 3002= Cymut & Filkstb`o, 7118= Jcrvclei & Filkstb`o, 7115). C cdpl`cæêi b c rbf`iocl`zcæêi kc jcpcj`kckb kb prikuæêi kc bdprbsc hircd cssbfurckcs jid c jiostruæêi kcs rbh`ocr`cs kb Fcgr`bl Qcssis bd Gbt`d (DF) b c kb Qculäo`c (ZQ), `ocufurckcs bd 3085. Bd pcrclbli c bstcs jiostruæòbs, oi `oäj`i kc kàjckc kb 3061 hircd kbscpripr`ckcs cs quctri rbh`ocr`cs pr`vckcs botêi bd ipbrcæêi oi pcäs. Kucs kblcs hircd `ojirpirckcs ci pctr`dûo`i kc Qbtrigrcs> c Wbh`ocr`c kb Dcocus bd 3067 b c Wbh`ocr`c Ro`êi bd 306;. Cs iutrcs kucs, c Kbst`lcr`c W`i Frcokbosb (WZ) b c rbh`ocr`c kcs @okþstr`cs Dctcrczzi kb Bobrf`c bd Zêi Qculi, hircd kbsct`vckcss bd 306; (Diurc, 711:). kbsct`vckc Bd kbzbdgri kb 3086 hi` jr`ckc c Qbtrigrcs Suäd`jc Z.C. ‚ Qbtriqu`sc, qub jiostru`u i Qúli Qbtriquäd`ji kb Zêi Qculi. Bd 306: hi` jr`ckc iutrc sugs`k`ãr`c, c Qbtrigrcs Hbrt`l`zcotbs Z.C ‚ Qbtrihàrt`l, qub cgsirvbu i cot`fi Jionuoti Qbtriquäd`ji kc Gce`c. Gce`c. Hir Hirdiu diu-sb -sb css`d css`d c eilk`of  Qbtrigrcs, dcotboki i dioipúl`i oc ãrbc kb prispb pri spbjæê jæêii b rbh rbh`oi `oi kb pbtrúl pbtrúlbi, bi, tboki tboki sucs sucs sugs`k sugs`k`ãr `ãr`cs `cs (Gr (Grcsp cspbtr btri, i, Qbtriq Qbtriqu`s u`scc b Qbtrihàrt`l) ctucoki bd ãrbcs bspbjäh`jcs. C jr`sb ki pbtrúlbi `o`j`ckc bd 306: fbriu kucs hiotbs kb prbssêi pcrc i sbtir. Rdc kblcs hi` c gusjc kb jidgustävb`s cltbroct`vis, qub tidiu jirpi pr`oj`pcldbotb oi

 

Qrifrcdc Ocj`iocl ki Ãljiil ‚ Qriãljiil, lcoæcki pbli fivbroi grcs`lb`ri bd 3062. C iutrc hi` c `otbos`h`jcæêi kc gusjc pir oivis piæis kb pbtrúlbi. C kbsjigbrtc ki jcdpi kb Fcriupc oi l`tircl ki W`i kb Ncob`ri, bd oivbdgri kb 306;, cgr`u udc oivc b prid`ssirc hcsb oc bxplircæêi b prikuæêi kb pbtrúlbi oi Grcs`l. Is trcgcleis bx`f`rcd i kbsbovilv`dboti kb oivcs tbjoilif`cs bd huoæêi kcs jiok`æòbs bspbjäh`jcs kis lijc`s c sbrbd prispbjtckis, c kbzbocs kb qu`lûdbtris ki l`tircl b bd ãfucs kb frcokb prihuok`kckb. [clvbz i dc`ir bxbdpli kbstb bshiræi tboec s`ki c jr`cæêi bd 3058 ki Qrijcp  -

Qrifrcdc kb Kbsbovilv`dboti [bjoilúf`ji kb Z`stbdcs kb Qrikuæêi bd

Ãfucs Ãf ucs Qri Qrihuo huokc kcss ‚ sig rbspio rbspioscg scg`l`k `l`kckb ckb ki Jbopb Jbopbs, s, jiofrb jiofrbfc fcoki oki sbus sbus bshiræ bshiræis is cotbr`irbs pcrc ud ignbt`vi bspbjäh`ji. Zbfuoki c QB[WIGWCZ (7110g), i ignbt`vi ki Qrijcp brc “dbleircr c jidpbtîoj`c tàjo`jc kc bdprbsc oc prikuæêi kb pbtrúlbi b fãs octurcl bd ãfucs jid prihuok`kckb kb ctà 3111d.— C kàjc kàjckc kc kb 30 3051 51 hi hi`` kb s` s`fo fo`h` `h`jc jct`v t`vis is cv cvco coæi æiss pc pcrc rc c Qbtri Qbtrigr grcs cs,, tcot tcotii oc bxplircæêi kb pbtrúlbi bd clti dcr jidi oi rbh`oi b k`str`gu`æêi. Jidi tbrdi kb jidpcrcæêi, pikbdis cocl`scr is fcstis kb `dpirtcæêi kb úlbi b kbr`vckis qub bd 3053 jebfcrcd c jbrjc kb RZ$ 31 g`leòbs b gc`xcrcd pcrc RZ$ : g`leòbs bd 3050. Jidi Ji di `o `ok` k`jc jct` t`vi vi ki kiss cv cvco coæi æiss kc bx bxpl plir ircæ cæêi êi bd cl clti ti dcr, dcr, bd 30 3058 58 c Qbtr Qbtrig igrc rcss pbrhurcvc piæis bd lçd`ocs kb ãfuc kb 3.711 dbtris kb prihuok`kckb b bxtrcäc pbtrúlbi c prihuok`kckbs bd tiroi kb ;11 dbtris, ud rbjirkb duok`cl. Bd 3055 bssb rbjirkb brc supbrcki pblc prikuæêi kb pbtrúlbi oi jcdpi kb Dcr`dgc, gcj`c kb Jcdpis (WN), c ;07 dbtris cgc`xi ki oävbl ki dcr. Jiohirdb kbpi`dboti kb Kàj`i Jistc (711:), Fbrbotb Bxbjut`vi kc Qbtrigrcs pcrc i Jiob Zul> einb c prikuæêi kc Qbtrigrcs à, gcs`jcdbotb, hruti kcs kbsjigbrtcs kb ãfucs prihuo pri huokc kcss oc Gc Gcj`c j`c kb Jcdpis Jcdpis (WN (WN), ), qub cjio cjiotbj tbjbrc brcd d kb 3052 3052 bd k`cotb k`cotb.. Ocqublb tbdpi, qubd t`oec plctchirdcs kb pbrhurcæêi kb pbtrúlbi oi dcr pcrc 511 c 011 dbtris brcd cpbocs jidpcoe`cs bstrcofb`rcs. Cjei qub oi duoki ecv`c 31 iu 37 plctchirdcs kbsscs b tbvb t bvb udc àpijc qub qucsb tikcs bstcvcd cqu` oi Grcs`l. Dcs i Qrijcp pbrd`t`u ud cvcoæi c`okc dc`ir ci h`d kis cois 3051. I Qrifrcdc hi` huokcdbotcl oi kbsbovilv`dboti b `ostclcæêi kb ud s`stbdc kb prikuæêi hlutucotb b cotbj`pckc oc gcj`c kb Dcrl`d, bd 3.176 dbtris kb lçd`oc k'ãfuc. Bstb s`stbdc rbkuz`c s`fo`h`jct`vcdbotb is justis kb ipbrcæêi bd tc`s prihuok`kckbs b, pir oêi objbss`tcr kb

 

udc bstruturc h`xc kb cojircdboti, pbrd`t`c i `oäj`i dc`s rãp`ki kc bxplircæêi kb ud piæi b udc dc`ir dig`l`kckb ki bqu`pcdboti botrb piæis (Irt`z Obti, 7118). C kàjckc kb 3001 rbprbsbotiu udc trcoshirdcæêi oc e`stúr`c kc bdprbsc, jid c bxt`oæêi ki dioipúl`i b c pr`vct`zcæêi kb k`vbrscs bdprbscs l`fckcs á Qbtrigrcs. C Lb` oi 0.;65 kb 8 kb cfisti kb 3006 bojbrriu i dioipúl`i, dcotboki-i cpbocs sigrb is kbpús`tis kb pbtrúlbi, fãs octurcl b iutris e`krijcrgiobtis hlu`kis. C dukcoæc oc bstruturc cj`ioãr`c kc eilk`of jid cs pr`vct`zcæòbs kb`xiu ki`s tbræis kcs cæòbs bd dêis kb jcp`tc`s pr`vckis b lbviu c bdprbsc c obfij`cr ;1% kb sucs cæòbs oc gilsc kb Oivc Pirm. I fivbroi grcs`lb`ri, piràd, jiot`ouiu dcotboki 28% ki jcp`tcl vitcotb. Oi `oäj`i ki fivbroi Hbrocoki Jillir kb Dbli, i pr`db`ri blb`ti k`rbtcdbotb cpús i pbräiki d`l`tcr (b bdpisscki bd 3; kb dcræi kb 3001), hi` `ost`tuäki i Qr Qrif ifrc rcdc dc Oc Ocj` j`io iocl cl kb Kbsb Kbsbst stct ct`z `zcæ cæêi êi.. I Qr Qrif ifrc rcdc dc ch chbt btiu iu c Qbtr Qbtrig igrc rcss ji jid d c pr`vct`zcæêi kc Qbtrigrcs Jidàrj`i @otbrocj`iocl ‚ @otbrgrcs, b kc Qbtrigrcs D`obrcæêi ‚ Qbtrid`sc, b c`okc jid c bxt`oæêi ki Jiosblei Ocj`iocl ki Qbtrúlbi. Bd sbfu`kc i sbtirr pbtri sbti pbtriquäd`j quäd`jii kc bdprbsc hi` ct`of ct`of`ki `ki jid c vbokc vbokc kc Qbtrihlbx, Qbtrihlbx, kc Hishàrt`l, Hishàrt`l, kc Jipbsul b kc Jidpcoe`c Ãljcl`s ki W`i W` i Frcokb ki Oirtb. Kurcotb i pr`db`ri fivbroi Hbrocoki Ebor`qub Jcrkisi (3002-3005) iutrcs dukcoæcs rblbvcotbs pcrc c Qbtrigrcs tidcrcd jirpi. Bd 8 kb cfisti kb 3006 hi` cprivckc c Lb` oi  0.;6 0.;65, 5, c “L “Lb` b` ki Qb Qbtr trúl úlbi bi—, —, qu qubb cg cgr` r`cc i dbrj dbrjck ckii gr grcs cs`lb `lb`ri `ri á jidpbt`æêi kb iutrcs bdprbscs.6 C lb` l`d`tcvc c pcrt`j`pcæêi kc Ro`êi oi jcp`tcl kc Qbtrigrcs bd 21% dc`s udc kcs cæòbs jid k`rb`ti c viti, i qub oc prãt`jc hiræcvc c vbokc kb pcrtb kbssb jcp`tcl bd jurti prczi.5 Cs dukcoæcs oêi pcrbjbd tbr prbnuk`jcki c jiot`ou`kckb kis `ovbst`dbotis kc bdprbsc ‚ sb oêi is hbz c`okc dc`s prbdbotbs. Bd 3000 blc hirdcl`ziu i Qlcoi Bstrctàf`ji ki Z`stbdc Qbtrigrcs, h`rdcoki h` rdcoki j`oji frcokbs ãrbcs kb obfúj`is> bxplircæêi b prik prikuæ uæêi êi== cg cgcs cstb tbj` j`db dbot otii (bof (bofli ligc gcok okii rbh` rbh`oi oi,, trcos trcospi pirt rtbb b ji jidb dbrj rj`c `cl`z l`zcæ cæêi êi)= )= k`st k`str`g r`gu` u`æê æêi= i= bo bobr brf` f`cc b fã fãss oc octu turc rcl= l= b pb pbtri triqu quäd äd`j `jc. c. Oi qu qubb tcof tcofbb ci ciss bs bshi hiræ ræis is 6

5

  Jidi Jidi c vitcæêi vitcæêi oi Zbock Zbockii bohrbotcv bohrbotcvcc sàr`cs k`h`ju k`h`julkck lkckbs bs b c Lb` jirr`c jirr`c i r`sji r`sji kb oêi sbr cprivckc, i prbs`kbotb ki sbocki Nisà Zcroby sufbr`u b HEJ pugl`jiu udc jcrtc css`ockc bd 0 kb cfisti kb 3006, oc qucl sb jidpridbt`c, bd oidb ki fivbroi hbkbrcl, c oêi pr`vct`zcr c Qbtrigrcs b c fcrcot`r á bdprbsc i pr`v`làf`i kb bxplircæêi kcs 70 gcj`cs pbtrilähbrcs nã `kbot`h`jckcs oi pcäs (QB[WIGWCZ, 711:> 736).   C Lb` tcdgàd tcdgàd `ost`tu`u ki`s oivis oivis cfbotbs cfbotbs oi sbtir> i Jiosblei Ocj`iocl kb Qilät`jc Bobrfàt`jc Bobrfàt`jc ‚ JOQB, úrfêi kb cssbssir`c b jiosultir`c kc Qrbs`kîoj`c kc Wbpþgl`jc, b c Cfîoj`c Ocj`iocl ki Qbtrúlbi Qbtrúlb ‚ COQ, oc úrfêi rbfulckir kc `okþstr`c kibxpirtcæêi pbtrúlbi, qub kbh`o`r`c k`rbtr`zbs pcrc c pcrt`j`pcæêi pcrt`j`pcæêi ki sbtiri pr`vcki pbsqu`sc, bxplircæêi, rbh`oi, b `dpirtcæêi kb pbtrúlbi b kbr`vckis.

 

tbjoilúf`jis kc bdprbsc, c cotbj`pcæêi kcs dukcoæcs `ost`tuj`ioc`s cjblbriu prifrcdcs jidi i Qrijcp 7111. Bd 3008 c Qbtrigrcs kbsjigr`u i jcdpi f`fcotb kb Wiojckir oc Gcj`c kb Jcdpis (WN), jid rbsbrvcs c 3211-7111 dbtris kc lçd`oc k»ãfuc. C prbssêi pcrc qub sb jidbæcssb c bxplirã-li cotbs kis pitboj`c`s jiojirrbotbs hbz jid qub i Jbopbs kbsbovilvbssb vãr`is bqu`pcdbotis `oàk`tis. Clfuos bxbdplis sêi> ud s`stbdc kb pripulsêi pcrc ud ocv`i ckcptcki pcrc c prikuæêi cotbj`pck cotbj`pckcc ki úlbi qub i dcotàd bd pis`æêi bstãvbl pcrc rbjbgbr i dbsdi, ud oivi kuti kb trcospirtb (r`sbr ) qub bv`tc i jiof jiofbl blcd cdbo boti ti ki úl úlbi bi ci sbr sbr rbt` rbt`rc rcki ki ki pi piæi æi bd cltc ltc pr prih ihuo uok` k`kc kckb kb,, b i kbsbovilv`dbotii kb udc jiobxêi botrb kutis ( ãrvirb kb octcl) qub pbrd`tb pbrhurcæòbs kbsbovilv`dbot kb piæi bd çofulis oêi vbrt`jc`s (Gbrfclli bt cl., 7113= Irt`z Obti, 7118). C botrckc bd ipbrcæêi kc COQ bd 3000 `ohuok`u c s`stbdãt`jc kis lb`lòbs pcrc c jiojbssêii kc bxplircæêi kb glijis (iu ãrbcs prà-kbl`d`tckcs) ihhseirb ás bdprbscs. Bd jiojbssê 3005, cotbs ki `oäj`i kis lb`lòbs, i pirthúl`i kb bxplircæêi kc Qbtrigrcs hi` rbfulcr`zcki oc hird hirdcc kb ji jioj ojbs bssò sòbs bs (i qu qubb h` h`ji jiuu ji jioe oebj bj`k `kii ji jidi di ri riuo uok k zbri bri kis lb`lòbs kb jiojbssêi), rbf`strcoki-sb i k`rb`ti kb bxplircæêi bd :06 glijis (COQ, 7116). Kbskb botêi c Qbtrigrcs pcrt`j`pc pbsckcdbotb ois lb`lòbs kb glijis kb bxplircæêi, du`tcs vbzbs bd pcrjbr`c jid bdprbscs bstrcofb`rcs. Ci h`d kb 7113, c bdprbsc t`oec bd ipbrcæêi qucsb 31 d`l piæis prikutirbs, :3 siokcs kb pbrhurcæêi b 08 plctchirdcs kb prikuæêi, cljcoæcoki udc dàk`c kb bxtrcæêi kb 3.2:2 d`l gcrr`s/k`c (Diurc, 711:). Jcgb c`okc rbsscltcr qub c pcrt`r ki h`d kis cois 3001 i Jbopbs tbd sb viltcki pcrc clàd kc `oivcæêi bd tbjoilif`cs kb bxplircæêi b prikuæêi kb pbtrúlbi, `oivcoki oi diki kb `oivcr ci kbsbovilvbr b ut`l`zcr jckc vbz dc`s tbjoilif`cs kb s`dulcæêi b pridivbr i lbcro`of gy s`dulct`of (Irt`z Obti, 7118= Qbtrigrcs, 7110j). Oc kàjckc kb 7111 h`jc dc`s bxpläj`tc c `kà`c kc Qbtrigrcs sb tirocr udc bdprbsc `otbfrckc kb bobrf`c. Clàd kc bxpcosêi kcs ct`v`kckbs pbtrilähbrcs, c h`rdc tcdgàd sb viltc pcrc c bxpcosêi kc bxplircæêi kb fãs b, sblbt`vcdbotb, kb hiotbs rboivãvb`s kb bobrf`c, jid kbstcqub pcrc i g`ik`bsbl (Qbtrigrcs, 711;). Ci qub pcrbjb, bstc pbrjbpæêi kb oêi kbpbokîoj`c kb udc þo`jc hiotb bsfitãvbl b c jiosbqubotb gusjc kb oivcs hirdcs kb prikuæêi kb bobrf`c jcpczbs kb ctbokbr c kbdcokcs kb sustbotcg`l`kckb cdg`botcl kbvbd sb jiosil`kcr ocs bstrctàf`cs kc Qbtrigrcs pcrc i huturi prúx`di.

;. Grcspbtri b i `oäj`i kc `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi kc Qbtrigrcs

 

Ki`s bvbotis kb frcokb rblbvçoj`c cjiotbjbd oc kàjckc kb 3081 b qub bxpòbd c Qbtrigrcs cis dbrjckis `otbrocj`ioc`s. Qr`db`ri, cpús du`tcs hrustrcæòbs oc gusjc kb pbtrúlbi bd sili h`rdb, c bdprbsc jidbæc c hczbr pbrhurcæòbs oi dcr bd Zbrf`pb b oi Qcrã. @sti bx`f`u c `dpirtcæêi kb bqu`pcdbotis b c jiotrctcæêi kb bdprbscs bstrcofbr`cs jid moiw-eiw kb bxplircæêi dcrät`dc. Bd sbfu`kc, bd 308:, i fivbroi hbkbrcl ctr`gu` á Qbtrigrcs i dioipúl`i kc `dpirtcæêi ki pbtrúlbi. @sti lbvc c bdprbsc c ipbrcr `otbrocj `otbr ocj`iocl `iocldbotb dbotb jid i jidà jidàrj`i rj`i ki úlbi, jiostru`oki jiostru`oki dc`ir jioebj`d jioebj`dboti boti kis dbrjckis fligc`s. Oc kàjckc kb 3061, i Grcs`l nã v`v`c i pbräiki ki “d`lcfrb bjioûd`ji,— jid bxpcos bxp cosêi êi kcs kcs ct` ct`v`k v`kck ckbs bs `okust `okustr`c r`c`s `s b clt cltcs cs tcx tcxcs cs kb jrbsj` jrbsj`dbo dboti ti bj bjioû ioûd`j d`ji. i. @sti, @sti, igv`cd igv `cdbot botb, b, bx bx`f` `f`cc dc` dc`ss kc `okþst `okþstr`c r`c pbtril pbtrilähb ähbrc. rc. I jrbsj` jrbsj`dbo dboti ti kc kbdcok kbdcokcc pir pbtrúlbi `ojbot`viu c`okc dc`s c bxpcosêi kc Qbtrigrcs, i qub `ojlu` c gusjc pir úlbi bd iutris pcäsbs. Qcrc l`kcr jid i cudboti s`fo`h`jct`vi kcs ipbrcæòbs `otbrocj`ioc`s, hi` jr`ckc bd 3067 c Qbtrigrcs @otbrocj`iocl Z.C. ‚ Grcspbtri. C `sti sujbkbu-sb i pr`db`ri frcokb jeiqub ki pbtrúlbi, qucoki c Irfco`zcæêi kis Qcäsbs Bxpirtckirbs kb Qbtrúlbi (IQBQ) rbkuz`u krcst`jcdbotb c ihbrtc ki prikuti. C rbspistc grcs`lb`rc ci jeiqub sb kbu bd vãr`cs hrbotbs. Rdc kblcs hi` tbotcr bxpcok`r c ihbrtc `otbroc ki prikuti ctrcvàs kc qubgrc ki dioipúl`i kb bxplircæêi b c css`octurc kb jiotrctis kb r`sji jid bdprbscs bstrcofb`rcs, siz`oecs iu bd pcrjbr`c jid c Qbtrigrcs. Iutrc hi` c prikuæêi kb ud jidgustävbl cltbroct`vi, i ãljiil. Iutrc c`okc hi` gusjcr pbtrúlbi bd jcdpis `otbrocj`ioc`s ctrcvàs kc Qbtrigrcs. Jiohirdb dboj`iocki cj`dc, c l`tbrcturc sufbrb qub ud kis dit`vis qub lbvcd cs bdprbscs c sb `otbrocj`iocl`zcr à c gusjc pir rbjursis octurc`s (Kuoo`of, 3055). Ocqublb dbsdi coi kb 3067, ctrcvàs kb  ni`ot vboturbs jid iutrcs bdprbscs, t`vbrcd `oäj`i cs pbsqu`scs kb prispbjæêi oc Jilûdg`c, @rcqub b Dckcfcsjcr. Obstb þlt`di jcsi jcsi,, eiuv eiuvbb cssi cssij` j`cæ cæêi êi ji jid d c oi oirt rtbb-cd cdbr br`j `jco cocc Jebv Jebvri rio. o. Oi co coii sb sbfu fu`o `otb tb,, cs bxplir bxp lircæ cæòbs òbs bstbo bstbokbr kbrcdcd-sb sb ci Bf`ti Bf`ti b @rê @rê,, jid c pcrt`j pcrt`j`pc `pcæê æêii kc tcdgàd tcdgàd oirtboirtbcdbr`jcoc Dig`l I`l. Oc sbfuokc dbtckb kc kàjckc kb 3051 c Qbtrigrcs prijuriu rbkuz`r kbspbscs jid supr supr`d `dbo boti ti ki pc pcäs äs.. Ob Obst stbb sbot sbot`k `ki, i, ji jidi di ch ch`rd `rdcc Diur Diurcc (7 (711 11:> :> 30 305) 5) c bdpr bdprbs bscc `otbos`h`jiu rblcæòbs jidbrj`c`s jid

 

@r @rcq cqub ub,, @r @rê, ê, Je Je`o `oc, c, O`f O`fàr àr`c `c,, Co Coffil ilc, c, Cr Crfà fàl`c l`c,, Xbob Xbobzu zubl blcc b Bquc Bqucki kir, r, qu qubb jiotr`guärcd pcrc c rbkuæêi kb ;:,8% ois fcstis jid jidprcs oi bxtbr`ir bd 3058 3058,, ji jidp dpcr crct ct`v `vis is ci co coii co cotb tbr` r`ir ir.. Su Suco coti ti ás bx bxpi pirt rtcæ cæòb òbss kb kb kbr`v r`vck ckis is (sigrbtuki pcrc is BRC) bviluärcd kb RZ$ 86: d`leòbs bd 3052 pcrc RZ$ 07: d`leòbs bd 3050, sboki qub c fcsil`oc rbprbsbotcvc 28,:% kbstc rbjb`tc. Oi qub sb rbhbrb cis trcgcleis kb bxplircæêi b prikuæêi, c Qbtrigrcs prijuriu `ostclcr-sb ois k`hbrbotbs jiot`obotbs. Oc Ãs`c, `ostcliu-sb oi @îdbo ki Zul b oc Je`oc= oc Ãhr`jc, h`xiu-sb oc Crfàl`c b bd Cofilc= oc Cdàr`jc ki Oirtb gusjiu cs rbsbrvcs ki Filhi ki Dàx`ji= oc Cdàr`jc ki Zul `o`j`iu ct`v`kckbs oc Jilûdg`c bd 3050 b css`oiu jiotrcti kb bxplircæêi b prikuæêi ihhseirb oc Crfbot`oc. Oc Buripc Ij`kbotcl gusjiu cs rbsbrvcs ki dcr kc Oirubfc (Diurc, 711:> 300). Rd cspbjti kbj`s`vi pcrc `dpuls`iocr c ctucæêi `otbrocj`iocl kc bdprbsc hi` i sujbssi kb suc pbsqu`sc bd tbjoilif`cs kb bxplircæêi b bxtrcæêi kb pbtrúlbi bd ãfucs prihuokcs (Jcrvclei & Filkstb`o, 7115). C pcrt`r kb dbckis kc kàjckc kb 3061 i Jbopbs nã ecv`c hb`ti gic pcrtb ki jctj jctje`of e`of-up -up tbjoilúf`ji jid rblcæêi ás bdprbscs `otbrocj`ioc`s dc`s cvcoæckcs. Is hrutis kbssb bshiræi, jid i huokcdbotcl supirtb ki Qrijcp, hircd oitãvb`s ci liofi kc kàjckc kb 3051 ci pbrd`t`r c bxpcosêi kc prikuæêi bd ãfucs prihuokcs. I rbjioebj`dboti bxtbroi kbstb bshiræi vb`i ctrcvàs kb prîd`is ji jioq oqu` u`st stck ckis is,, ji jidi di bd 30 3007 07 qu quco coki ki rbjb rbjbgb gbuu pb pblc lc pr pr`d `db` b`rc rc vb vbzz i  K`st`ofu`se  K`st`ofu`sebk  bk   Cje`bvbdbot   Cje`bvbd bot   kc Ihhseirb [bjeoilify Jiohbrbojb,

qub viltcr`c c fcoecr bd 7113. Dcs

hi` ci liofi kc kàjckc kb 3001 qub c Qbtrigrcs `otbos`h`jiu c`okc dc`s sbus bshiræis oi kbsch`i kb kbsbovilvbr tbjoilif`c pcrc prikuæêi bd ãfucs ultrc-prihuokcs. Ci h`d kis cois 3051 i kbsch`i brc bxplircr pbtrúlbi c 3111 dbtris kb prihuok`kckb= i kbsch`i hi` cdpl`cki ois cois 3001, b jid i kbsborilcr ki Qrijcp 7111 c Qbtrigrcs bstcgblbjbu i rbjirkb kb bxplircæêi c 3.52: dbtris kb prihuok`kckb bd 3000 oi jcdpi kb Wiojckir (WN). Hb`ti `sti, i Jbopbs sb lcoæiu c jr`cr tbjoilif`c pcrc v`cg`l`zcr c bxplircæêi ki pbtrúl pbt rúlbi bi bd ãf ãfucs ucs kb ctà :11 :1111 dbtris dbtris kb prihuo prihuok`k k`kck ckbb ctrcvà ctrcvàss ki Qri Qrijc jcpp :111 :111 (Qbtrigrcs, 7110g). C tbjoilif`c jr`ckc b bdprbfckc pblc bdprbsc, jid pcrjbr`cs ocj`ioc`s b `otbrocj`ioc`s, hi` kbtbrd`ocotb pcrc qub blc pcsscssb kb `dpirtckirc pcrc bxpirtckirc kb prikutis b prinbtis kb frcokb `otbos`kckb tbjoilúf`jc. tbjoilúf`jc.0

2. Ctucæêi kc Qbtrigrcs @otbrocj`iocl oi `oäj`i ki oivi d`lîo`i b pbrspbjt`vcs 0

 Qcrc dc`s kbtclebs kc e`stúr`c kis kbsbovilv`dbotis tbjoilúf`jis kc Qbtrigrcs, vbr Irt`z Obti (7118).

 

Kb cjirki jid c Qbtrigrcs (7116g), suc ctucæêi oi bxtbr`ir cgrcofb tikc c jckb`c kb ipbrcæòbs kc `okþstr`c kb pbtrúlbi b bobrf`c, iu sbnc, kbskb c bxplircæêi, prikuæêi, trcospirtb, rbh`oi b prijbsscdboti kb úlbi b fãs octurcl, á prikuæêi kb prikutis pbtriquäd`jis, k`str`gu`æêi b jidbrj`cl`zcæêi kb kbr`vckis, b ctà c fbrcæêi, k`str`gu`æêi b trcosd`ssêi kb bobrf`c blàtr`jc. [ikc bstc ct`v`kckb bstã sig rbspioscg`l`kckb kc Ãrbc @otbrocj`iocl, udc kcs k`rbtir`cs kc ãrbc kb obfúj`is kc bdprbsc, jr`ckc bd 7111. Blc cgsirvbu pcrtb kcs ct`v`kckbs kc Grcspbtri, qub hi` jidplbtcdbotb cgsirv`kc pblc Qbtrigrcs bd 7117 (Qbtrigrcs, 7116g). Cs ipbrcæòbs `otbrocj`ioc`s kc bdprbsc kbvbd cg cgsi sirv rvbr br 32% 32% ki ti titc tcll kb sbus sbus `o `ovb vbst st`d `dbo boti tiss ct ctàà 71 7132 32,, ki kiss qu quc` c`ss 51 51% % kb kbvb vbd d jiojbotrcr-sb bd bxplircæêi b prispbjæêi (Qbtrigrcs, 711;). Bd 7116 is ct`vis, ipbrcæòbs b obfúj`is kc Ãrbc @otbrocj`iocl sb bstbok`cd c 78 pcäsbs kb trîs jiot`obotbs. Brcd sb`s Ro`kckbs kb Obfúj`i ctucoki jidi bdprbscs oc Crfbot`oc, Cofilc, Giläv`c, Jilûdg`c, Bstckis Ro`kis b O`fàr`c. Clàd k`ssi, sidcdsb ct` ct`v`k v`kckb ckbss bd iutris iutris 71 pc pcäsb äsbs> s> Lä Läg`c g`c,, Zbobfc Zbobfcl,l, [cozço [cozço`c, `c, Diæcdg Diæcdg`qu `qub, b, Je`lb Je`lb,, Bquckir, Dàx`ji, Qcrcfuc`, Qbru, Rrufuc`, Xbobzublc, Je`oc, J`ofcpurc, Ncpêi, Äok`c, Wb`oi Ro`ki, @rê, Qcqu`stêi, Qirtufcl b [urqu`c. I `oäj`i kis `ovbst`dbotis k`rbtis kc Qbtrigrcs oi bxtbr`ir sb kbu ocs Cdàr`jcs, sboki kbpi`s bxpcok`ki pcrc Ãs`c b Ãhr`jc. Oi qub sbfub, tbotcdis s`stbdct`zcr b cl`oecvcr c pcrtb jbotrcl kbstc trcnbtúr`c. t rcnbtúr`c.

2.3 Ctucæêi kc Qbtrigrcs @otbrocj`iocl ocs Cdàr`jcs C Jilûdg`c hi` iokb c Qbtrigrcs `o`j`iu suc ctucæêi bxtbroc. @sti sb kbu bd 3067 ctrcvàs kc Grcspbtri, qub jidpriu jiojbssòbs kb bxplircæêi kc bdprbsc [boobjil (Qbtrigrcs, 7116g). Bd sbfu`kc, piràd, c bdprbsc sb rbt`riu ki pcäs pcrc viltcr cpbocs bd 3058 jid ct`v`kckbs kb bxplircæêi.31  Bd 711; c Qbtrigrcs cl`iu-sb á oirtbcdbr`jcoc Bxxio b á bstctcl Bdprbsc Jilidg`coc kb Qbtrúlbi - Bjipbtril, pcrc bxplircr c ãrbc jilidg`coc ki Dcr ki Jcr`gb bd ãfucs kb ctà :.111 dbtris kb prihuok`kckb. Kb jbrtc hirdc, bssc à udc jrioilif`c rbprbsbotct`vc ki prijbssi kb `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi kc Qbtrigrcs, qub tbotcrbdis rbclæcr. Cotbs, piràd, vclb j`tcr iutris bxbdplis. 31

  I kbpi`dboti kb Lbkur (711:) (711:) kã udc `kà`c kis kbsch`is bohrbotckis pblcs pbssics bovilv`kcs oi prijbssi> “bd 3056 pbrhurcdis ud piæi oi Xclb ki Dàk`i Dckclboc, pcrtb jbotrcl oirtb kc Jilûdg`c. c fbotb t`oec du`ti dbki kc fubrr`lec, pi`s h`jãvcdis botrb :1 b :2 k`cs jioh`ockis prct`jcdbotbCäsbd sc`r kc siokc—.

 

Rd sbfuoki didboti `dpirtcotb oc `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi kc bdprbsc hi` c suc bo botr trck ckcc ois ois Bstckis Ro`kis  bd 3056. Ctrcvàs kc jr`cæêi kc sugs`k`ãr`c Qbtrigrcs Cdàr`jc @oj., suc pcrt`j`pcæêi oi Filhi ki Dàx`ji hi` `o`j`ckc b, pistbr`irdbotb, cdpl`ckc sugstcoj`cldbotb. Clàd k`sti, c Qbtrigrcs jr`iu c Qbtrigrcs Oirfb C.Z. pcrc jiokuz`r ipbrcæòbs oi dcr kc Oirubfc, b tcdgàd c Grcsoir Obptuo, udc cssij`cæêi botrb c Grcspbtri b c oirubfubsc Obptuo [bmoilif`, bspbj`cl`zckc bd sbrv`æis bd ãfucs prihuokcs (Diurc, 711:> 300). [uki `sti pbrd`t`u qub bd 711; c Qbtrigrcs jiosbfu`ssb jiojbssêi pcrc bxplircr :6 glijis bd ãfucs prihuokcs oi Filhi ki Dàx`ji, oudc rbf`êi hriotcl ci bstcki ki [bxcs. Rd tbrjb`ri tbrjb`ri didboti `dpirtc `dpirtcotb otb hi` c botrc botrckc kc kc Qbtrigrcs Qbtrigrcs oc Crfbot`oc  bd 300:. Blc jidbæiu jid jiojbssòbs kb bxplircæêi b, ctrcvàs kb cqu`s`æòbs kb iutrcs bdprbscs lã ctucotbs, tiroiu-sb udc bdprbsc `otbfrckc kb bobrf`c b udc kcs dc`irbs prikut pri kutirc ircss kb pb pbtrú trúlbi lbi b fã fãss oc octur turcl cl oc ocqub qublb lb pcä pcäs. s. Zucs Zucs ct`v`k ct`v`kck ckbs bs cgrco cgrcofb fbd d ud jionuoti kb ct`vis b obfúj`is ocs ãrbcs kb bxplircæêi b prikuæêi kb pbtrúlbi b fãs octurcl, jidbrj`cl`zcæêi, rbh`oi b prijbsscdboti, k`str`gu`æêi kb kbr`vckis, rbkbs kb kutis, pbtriquäd`jc, fbrcæêi, k`str`gu`æêi b trcosd`ssêi kb bobrf`c blàtr`jc (Qbtrigrcs, 7116g). C ctucæêi oc Crfbot`oc à jbotrcl`zckc oc Qbtrigrcs Bobrf`c Z.C., qub surf`u bd 7112 kc husêi kc Qbtrigrcs Crfbot`oc Z.C. jid iutrcs kucs bdprbscs crfbot`ocs. C Qbtrig Qbt rigrcs rcs kbvbr kbvbrãã `ov `ovbst bst`r `r RZ$ 3,2 g`l g`leêi eêi oc Crf Crfbot bot`oc `oc ois prú prúx`d x`dis is j`oji j`oji co cois is (Bxcdb, 7118). C prikuæêi b cs rbsbrvcs kb pbtrúlbi b fãs octurcl bd tbrr`túr`i crfbot`oi sêi cs dc`irbs kc Qbtrigrcs hirc ki Grcs`l. Iutrcs ct`v`kckbs tcdgàd sb tirocrcd rblbvcotbs oc bstrctàf`c kc bdprbsc. Oc k`str`gu`æêi kb jidgustävb`s ocqublb pcäs, pir bxbdpli, c jidpcoe`c jiotc jid udc rbkb kb 6;8 pistis kb sbrv`æis bdprbfcokii ud titcl kb 2.311 pbssics. bdprbfcok Iutri didboti `dpirtcotb c sb kbstcjcr hi` c `ostclcæêi kc Qbtrigrcs oc Giläv`c bd 3008, jiojbotrcoki-sb oc bxplircæêi kb fãs octurcl. Oi coi sbfu`otb c jiostruæêi ki fcsikuti Giläv`c-Grcs`l hi` `o`j`ckc jid `ovbst`dbotis s`fo`h`jct`vis kc Qbtrigrcs. Zbfu`u-sb c `ssi c botrckc kc bdprbsc oi prijbsscdboti ki fãs b oi rbh`oi kb pbtrúlbi. Bd 7113 c bdprbsc `o`j`iu c k`str`gu`æêi prúpr`c kb jidgustävb`s oc Giläv`c, jiotcoki jid 87 pistis Qbtrigrcs. Oi qub sb rbhbrb á hiræc kb trcgclei bovilv`kc, bd 7118 c Qbtrigrcs bdprbfcvc 3.2:: huoj`ioãr`is, kis quc`s 02% brcd gil`v`cois. Qcssckc udc kàjckc, is `ovbst`dbotis kc bdprbsc oc Giläv`c cljcoæcrcd RZ$ 3 g`leêi b, bd 7112,

 

“suc ipbrcæêi jebfiu c 35% ki Qrikuti @otbroi Gruti gil`v`coi b 7;% kc crrbjckcæêi titcl kb `dpistis— (Qbtrigrcs, 7116g). Zuc prbsboæc oc Giläv`c sbfu`c jiohirdb plcobncki ctà c ocj`iocl`zcæêi kcs rbh`ocr`cs kc bdprbsc bd 3¾ kb dc`i kb 7118 pbli prbs`kbotb Bvi Dirclbs. 33  Cpús liofcs obfij`cæòbs, obfij`cæòbs, bd 75 kb iutugri kb 7118 hi` css`ocki ud cjirki botrb c Qbtrigrcs b c Pcj`d`botis Qbtrilähbris H`sjclbs Gil`v`cois bd qub sb bspbj`h`jcd is oivis l` l`d` d`tb tbss kb ct ctuc ucæê æêii kb jckc jckc udc udc kc kcss bdpr bdprbs bscs cs.. C Qbtr Qbtrig igrc rcss pc pcrb rbjb jb ct ctuc ucld ldbo botb tb rbk`dbos`iocr sbus `ovbst`dbotis oc Giläv`c bd huoæêi ki didboti pilät`ji. @dcf`ocsb ud kbslijcdboti kb rbjursis pcrc prinbtis oi Grcs`l rblcj`iockis ci fãs octurcl, bdgirc oêi sb bspbrb qub c bdprbsc objbsscr`c objbsscr`cdbotb dbotb k`d`ouc suc ctucæêi ocqublb pcäs. Jid rblcæêi cis kbdc`s pcäsbs cdbr`jcois, iutris piotis dbrbjbd kbstcqub. Oi

Bquckir kbskb 3008, c Qbtrigrcs cfirc obfij`c c bxplircæêi kb pbtrúlbi bd sucs ãfucs prihuokcs prih uokcs bd pcrj pcrjbr`c br`c jid iutrcs iutrcs bdpr bdprbscs bscs `otbrocj`ioc`s `otbrocj`ioc`s (Gcjijj (Gcjijj`oc, `oc, 7118). 7118). Oi

Dàx`ji  kbskb 711:, c Qbtrigrcs bstcgblbjbu cjirki kb jiipbrcæêi tbjoilúf`jc bd ãfucs prihuokcs jid c bstctcl Qbtrúlbis Dbx`jcois ‚ Qbdbx (Qbtrigrcs, 7116g). Kbskb 711: oc Xbobzublc, c Qbtrigrcs bxplirc b prikuz pbtrúlbi b tbd cjirkis jid c QKXZC pcrc cdpl`cr sucs ct`v`kckbs kb pbtrúlbi b tcdgàd fãs (Qbtrigrcs, 7116g). B oi

Qcrcfuc`, iokb ctuc kbskb 7118, c Qbtrigrcs jidpriu obfúj`is kc Zebll oi pcäs b einb ipbrc bstcæòbs kb sbrv`æis jid lincs kb jiovbo`îoj`c bd tiki tbrr`túr`i pcrcfuc`i, clàd kb jidbrj`cl`zcr FLQ b prikutis kb cv`cæêi (Qbtrigrcs, 7116g). I Suckri 3 cgc`xi rbsudb c ctucæêi `otbrocj`iocl kc bdprbsc oi jiot`obotb cdbr`jcoi. Suckri 3 ‚ Ctucæêi `otbrocj`iocl kc Qbtrigrcs ocs Cdàr`jcs ‚ 3067-7116 Qcäs Jilûdg`c BRC Crfbot`oc Giläv`c Bquckir Xbobzublc Qbru Dàx`ji 33

Coi kb `oäj`i Ct`v`kckbs kcs ct`v`kckbs 3067 Bxplircæêi kkbb ppbbtrúlbi bbd d ãf ãfucs rrccscs b prihuokcs ((cc ppccrt`r kb kb 711;) 3056 Bxplircæêi, prikuæêi b jidbrj`cl`zcæêi kb pbtrúlbi b kbr`vckis= bxplircæêi bd ãfucs prihuokcs c pcrt`r kb 711; 300: Bxplircæêi, prikuæêi b jidbrj`cl`zcæêi kb pbtrúlbi, fãs b kbr`vckis 3002 Bxplircæêi, prikuæêi b jidbrj`cl`zcæêi kb fãs b pbtrúlbi 3008 Bxplircæêi b prikuæêi kb pbtrúlbi 7117 Bxplircæêi b prikuæêi kb pbtrúlbi bd tbrrc b ihhseirb 711: Bxplircæêi b prikuæêi kb pbtrúlbi b fãs bd tbrrc 711: Bxplircæêi b pprrikuæêi kkbb ffããs oc octurcl= ccjjirkis kb kb jjiiipbrcæêi tbjoilúf`jc pcrc bxplircæêi kb pbtrúlbi bd ãfucs prihuokcs

 Qcrc kbtclebs sigrb c jr`sb botrb c Qbtrigrcs b i fivbroi gil`v`coi vbr Lcokcu & Liedcoo (7118).

 

Rrufuc` Je`lb Qcrcfuc`

711; 7112 7118

Jidbrj`cl`zcæêi kb fãs b kbr`vckis kb pbtrúlbi Bsjr`túr`i jidbrj`cl Jidbrj`cl`zcæêi kb jidgustävb`s

Hiotb> Blcgircæêi kis cutirbs c pcrt`r, pr`oj`pcldbotb, kb Qbtrigrcs (7116g).

Jistc (711:) rbsudb gbd c ctucæêi kc bdprbsc oc Cdàr`jc. Blb k`z qub “einb c Qbtrigrcs Qbtrig rcs bstã bstã ji jidpl dplbtc btcdbo dbotb tb k`hbrb k`hbrbotb otb kb udc udc kàjck kàjckcc ctrãs. ctrãs. À c sb sbfu fuokc okc dc`ir dc`ir bdprbsc kb pbtrúlbi oc Crfbot`oc b c pr`db`rc oc Giläv`c—. Bstc dbsdc v`sêi bstã prbsbotb oi kbpi`dboti kb Obuzc Qlco`osjebj Qlco`osjebjmm (711:), Fbrbotb kb Wblcæòbs Zij`btãr`cs kc Qbtrigrcs, qucoki ch`rdc qub “i pr`oj`pcl pcäs à c Crfbot`oc, iokb bstêi oissis dc`irbs ct`vis. Cpbscr ki hiji bstrctàf`ji kc Qbtrigrcs sbr c Cdàr`jc Lct`oc, Jistc Ibstb kc Ãhr`jc, Filhi ki Dàx`ji, bstcdis dio`tircoki bd tiki duoki. Oi botcoti, sidis hirtbs dbsdi oc Cdàr`jc Lct`oc—. Oc qucsb titcl`kckb kis jcsis, c Qbtrigrcs tbd pcrjbr`cs jid bdprbscs bstctc`s iu iutrcs dult`ocj`ioc`s. Jidi kbstcjc Jrbti`u (7116), c Qbtrigrcs hbz ni`ot-vbo  ni`ot-vboturbs turbs pcrc “tbr cjbssi á bxpbr`îoj`c b jioebj`dboti jioebj`dboti ki dbrjcki `otbrocj`iocl, hczboki cjirkis kb pcrjbr`c jid súj`is lijc`s—.

2.7 Ctucæêi kc Qbtrigrcs @otbrocj`iocl oc Ãhr`jc C Qbtrigrcs tbvb vãr`cs bxpbr`îoj`cs `silckcs oc Ãhr`jc jid pcrt`j`pcæêi dboir bd jiotrctis kb iutrcs frcokbs jidpcoe`cs. Hi` bd 3060 qub c bdprbsc h`rdiu pà bd

Cofilc, iokb dcotàd jiotrctis kb bxplircæêi b prikuæêi ctrcvàs kc pcrt`j`pcæêi oc bxtrcæêi kb pbtrúlbi ihhseirb (Qbtrigrcs, 7116g). C pcrt`r kb 711; c bdprbsc hbjeiu jiotrc jio trctis tis jid jid i fi fivb vbroi roi co cofi filco lcoii pcr pcrcc bx bxpli plircr rcr pbt pbtrúl rúlbi bi bd ãf ãfucs ucs prihuo prihuokc kcss b jiot`ouc bxpcok`oki sucs ct`v`kckbs. O`fà fàr`c r`c bd 3005 bd ct`v`kckbs kb [cdgà [c dgàd d dbrbj dbrbjbb kbs kbstcq tcqub ub suc botrckc botrckc oc O` bxplircæêi b pistbr`ir prikuæêi ocs ãfucs prihuokcs ki Kbltc ki W`i O`fbr. Bd 711;, c Qbtrigrcs Qbtrigrcs jiosbf jiosbfu`u u`u jiojbssê jiojbssêii pcr pcrcc bxplircr bxplircr jcdpis ihh ihhsei seirb rb jid dc`s kb 7.211 dbtris kb prihuo`kckb (Qbtrigrcs, 7116g). Zuc ctucæêi oi jiot`obotb chr`jcoi hi` gcstcotb cdpl`ckc oc prbsbotb kàjckc. Bd  nuoei kb 711;, pir bxbdpli, c bdprbsc bdprbsc `o`j`iu ct`v`kckbs oc [cozço`c, qucoki css`oiu jiotrcti jid c jidpcoe`c bstctcl kb pbtrúlbi, cdpl`coki suc ctucæêi pcrc i lbstb ki jiot`obotb. I cjirki h`rdcki prbvî c bxplircæêi bd ãfucs kb 211 c :.211 dbtris kb prihuok`kckb (Qbtrigrcs, 7116g). C Qbtrigrcs kbu `oäj`i ás sucs ct`v`kckbs oc Läg`c bd

 

 ncob`ri kb 7112 qucoki vbojbu l`j`tcæêi pcrc bxplircr fãs b pbtrúlbi oi Dcr Dbk`tbrrçobi bd ãfucs prihuokcs (Qbtrigrcs, 7116g). Bd ncob`ri kb 7118 c Qbtrigrcs jiosbfu`u pcrt`j`pcæêi oud jiotrcti kb pcrt`lec pcrc bxplircæêi kb pbtrúlbi oc Fu`oà

Bquctir`cl, bd prihuok`kckbs vcr`coki botrb 211 b 7.711 dbtris (Qbtrigrcs, 7116g). Qir h`d, bd iutugri kb 7118 c Qbtrigrcs h`rdiu ud dbdircoki jid c Bdprbsc Ocj`iocl kb E`krijcrgiobtis, bstctcl kb Diæcdg`qub, pcrc bxplircæêi kb pbtrúlbi b fãs octurcl bd tbrrc b dcr. I kijudboti trctc tcdgàd kc rbcl`zcæêi kb pbsqu`sc b huturc prikuæêi kb g`ijidgustävb`s bd tbrr`túr`i diæcdg`jcoi> g`ik`bsbl c pcrt`r kc hctrihc, udc ilbcf`oisc cguokcotb oc vbfbtcæêi lijcl, b btcoil c pcrt`r kc jcoc-kbcæþjcr (Qbtrigrcs, 7116g). Oivcdbotb, c qucsb titcl`kckb kis jcsis bovilvb pcrjbr`cs botrb c Qbtrigrcs b bdprbscs bstctc`s iu iutrcs dult`ocj`ioc`s. I Suckri 7 cgc`xi trcz ud rbsudi kc ctucæêi `otbrocj`iocl kc Qbtrigrcs oi jiot`obotb chr`jcoi. Suckri 7 ‚ Ctucæêi `otbrocj`iocl kc Qbtrigrcs oc Ãhr`jc ‚ 3060-7116 Qcäs

Coi kb `oäj`i Ct`v`kckbs kcs ct`v`kckbs Cofilc 3060 Bxplircæêi b prikuæêi kkbb ppbbtrúlbi bd bd ããffucs rrccscs b prihuokcs O`fàr`c 3005 Bxplircæêi b prikuæêi kb pbtrúlbi bd ãfucs prihuokcs [cozço`c 711; Bxplircæêi b prikuæêi kb pbtrúlbi bd ãfucs prihuokcs Läg`c 7112 Bxplircæêi kb fãs b pbtrúlbi bd ãfucs rcscs b prihuokcs Fu`oà Bquctir`cl 7118 Bxplircæêi kb pbtrúlbi bd ãfucs prihuokcs Diæcdg`qub 7118 Bxplircæêi kb pbtrúlbi b fãs octurcl= botbok`dbotis pcrc prikuæêi lijcl kb g`ijidgustävb`s Hiotb> Blcgircæêi kis cutirbs c pcrt`r, pr`oj`pcldbotb, kb Qbtrigrcs (7116g).

2.: Ctucæêi kc Qbtrigrcs @otbrocj`iocl oc Burãs`c Oc Buripc Buripc,, c Qbt Qbtrig rigrcs rcs pi pissu ssu`` kbskb kbskb 300 30066 udc rbprbs rbprbsbo botcæ tcæêi êi jidbrj jidbrj`cl `cl b h`ocoj h`o cojb` b`rc rc s`tu s`tuckc ckc bd Liokr Liokrbs, bs, qub v`sc v`sc pr` pr`oj oj`pc `pcldb ldbotb otb `otbrdb `otbrdbk`c k`crr trcosc trcoscæòb æòbss kb jidprc b vbokc kb pbtrúlbi, lbcs`of, clufubl b hrbtcdboti kb bqu`pcdbotis, clàd kb gusjcr h`ocoj`cdboti bxtbroi (Qbtrigrcs, 7116g). C bdprbsc oêi ecv`c jiosbfu`ki c`okc bspcæi pcrc dc`irbs `ojursòbs prikut`vcs b jidbrj`c`s oc Buripc, ud dbrjcki nã ijupcki pir frcokbs bdprbscs buripà`cs b oirtb-cdbr`jcocs. oirtb-cdbr`jcocs. Kucs ipirtuo`kckbs, piràd, surf`rcd bd 7116. C pr`db`rc sb kbu qucoki kc css`octurc kb ud dbdircoki kb botbok`dbotis botrb c Qbtrigrcs b c Ztcti`l, bstctcl ki pbtr pbtrúl úlbi bi oc Oirubfc. I dbd dbdirc ircoki oki prbvî prbvî,, kbo kbotrb trb iutrcs iutrcs ji`sc ji`scs, s, ji jiipb ipbrcæ rcæêi êi bd pbsqu`sc b kbsbovilv`dboti kb tbjoilif`cs pcrc c prikuæêi kb btcoil b g`ik`bsbl, gbd

 

jidi jiipbrcæêi jiipbrcæêi oi kbs kbsbovi bovilv`dbo lv`dboti ti kb prinbtis prinbtis tbjoilúf` tbjoilúf`jis jis pcrc bxplircæêi bxplircæêi b prikuæêi kb pbtrúlbi bd ãfucs ultrc-prihuokcs. C iutrc ipirtuo`kckb, dc`s jiojrbtc, tbvb `oäj`i bd 7116 c pcrt`r kb botbok`dbotis jblbgrckis oi coi cotbr`ir bd Qirtufcl. C Qbtrigrcs nã jidbæiu c bxplircr pbtrúlbi oc jistc lus`tcoc bd ãfucs kb ctà 7.111 dbtris kb prihuok`kckb. Oc Ãs`c, c Qbtrigrcs sb `ostcliu pr`db`rcdbotb bd J`ofcpurc, tcdgàd jid udc rbprbsbotcæêii jidbrj`cl b h`ocojb`rc pcrc tbotcr clcvcojcr ct`v`kckbs jidbrj`c`s oc ãrbc rbprbsbotcæê kb pbtrúlbi b kbr`vckis oc rbf`êi (Qbtrigrcs, 7116g). C rbprbsbotcæêi hi` `dpirtcotb pcrc qub, bd 7111, c Qbtrigrcs sb jilijcssb oi Ncpêi ctrcvàs kc Qbtrigrcs @otbroct`iocl H`ocojb Jidpcoy. Jid sbkb bd [úqu`i, c sugs`k`ãr`c tbd jidi huoæêi pr`oj`pcl bstrb bstrb`tc `tcrr i rblcj` rblcj`ioc iocdbo dboti ti jid h`oc h`ocoj` oj`cki ckirbs rbs ncp ncpiob iobsbs sbs,, dcs nã clcvc clcvcoji ojiuu iutrcs iutrcs `o`j`c `o` j`ct`vc t`vcs. s. Bd 711 71122 i Jbo Jbopbs pbs h`r h`rdiu diu bo botbo tbok`d k`dbot botis is ji jid d c bstctc bstctcll ncpiob ncpiobsc sc ki pbtrúlbi, Nifdbj, pcrc bstukis tbjoilúf`jis jionuotis. Bd 7116 c bdprbsc `o`j`iu sucs pr`db`rcs ct`v`kckbs kb rbh`oi kb pbtrúlbi oc Ãs`c, b tcdgàd h`rdiu oivi cjirki jid c Nifdbj pcrc pcrjbr`cs bd bxplircæêi b prikuæêi kb pbtrúlbi bd ãfucs prihuokcs, tcoti oc Cdàr`jc ki Zul qucoti oi sukibstb cs`ãt`ji. B c pcrt`r kb 7115 c Qbtrigrcs pcssiu c vbokbr btcoil grcs`lb`ri oi dbrjcki ncpioîs (Qbtrigrcs, 7116g). Iutri div`dboti `dpirtcotb kc Ãrbc @otbrocj`iocl kc Qbtrigrcs oc Ãs`c hi` c cs css`o s`oct ctur urcc kb ud cjir cjirki ki ji jid d c bstc bstctc tcll je je`o `obs bscc Z`oip Z`oipbj bj bd dc dc`i `i kb 71 711; 1;.. @sti @sti pripirj`ioiu c `ostclcæêi ki bsjr`túr`i kc bdprbsc oc Je`oc, qub tbotc fcoecr bspcæi pcrc c vbokc kb pbtrúlbi grcs`lb`ri ocqublb pcäs, sbrv`r kb gcsb pcrc iutrcs obfij`cæòbs jid pcäsbs cs`ãt`jis, b cdpl`cr cjirkis jid c Z`oipbj. Bd 7112 i cjirki botrb cs bdprbscs hi` hirdcl`zcki, piss`g`l`tcoki i kbsbovilv`dboti kb obfúj`is jionuotis pr`oj`pcld pr`oj `pcldbotb botb pcrc bxpli bxplircæê rcæêii b priku prikuæêi æêi kb pbtrúlbi pbtrúlbi ihhseirb ocs jistcs je`obsc b grcs`lb`rc (Qbtrigrcs, 7116g). Eã c`okc c`okc iut iutris ris did didbo botis tis rbl rblbvc bvcotb otbss qu qubb dbrbj dbrbjbd bd kb kbstc stcqub qub.. C Qbtrig Qbtrigrc rcss jiosbfu`u bd 711;, pir bxbdpli, fcoecr udc l`j`tcæêi pcrc bxplircæêi kb pbtrúlbi oi Filhi Qàrs`ji ki @rê ‚ udc rbf`êi nã kboscdbotb ijupckc pir iutrcs frcokbs bdprbscs. Bd 7118 c bdprbsc pcssiu c ipbrcr oc [urqu`c, fcoecoki c jiojbssêi pcrc bxplircr b prikuz`r pbtrúlbi bd ãfucs prihuokcs oi Dcr Obfri (Qbtrigrcs, 7116g). I dbsdi cjiot cjiotbjb bjbuu oi Qcqu`stêi, bd 7116, pcr pcrcc sb bxpli bxplircr rcr b priku prikuz`r z`r pbtrúlbi pbtrúlbi ihhs ihhseirb eirb bd ãfucs kb ctà 7.111 dbtris kb prihuok`kckb. Obssb dbsdi coi c bdprbsc hbjeiu cjirki

 

jid c bstctcl kb pbtrúlbi kc Äok`c pcrc bxplircæêi jionuotc bd ãfucs prihuokcs ocs jistcs `ok`coc b grcs`lb`rc. Á sbdblecoæc kis kbdc`s jcsis cprbsbotckis cotbr`irdbotb, tikcs cs ct`v`kckbs j`tctcs bovilvbd clfud t`pi kb pcrjbr`c botrb c Qbtrigrcs b bdprbscs bstctc`s iu iutrcs dult`oc dul t`ocj`i j`ioc oc`s. `s. I Suc Suckri kri : cgc`xi cgc`xi trcz trcz ud rbs rbsudi udi kc ctucæ ctucæêi êi `otbroc `otbrocj`i j`iocl ocl kc Qbtrigrcs oc Buripc b oc Ãs`c. Suckri : ‚ Ctucæêi `otbrocj`iocl kc Qbtrigrcs oc Burãs`c ‚ 3006-7116 Qcäs

Coi kb `oäj`i Ct`v`kckbs kcs ct`v`kckbs Wb`oi Ro`ki 3006 Wbprbsbotcæêi jidbrj`cl b h`ocojb`rc= botbok`dbotis pcrc huturc jidbrj`cl`zcæêi kb g`ijidgustävb`s Ncpêi 7111 Wbprbsbotcæêi jjiidbrj`cl b h` h`ocojb`rc= rb rbh`oi kb kb ppbbtrúlbi kbskb oivbdgri kb 7116= vbokc kb btcoil c pcrt`r kb 7115 (Irbllcoc & Obti 7118)= cjirki kb jiipbrcæêi tbjoilúf`jc jid c bstctcl ncpiobsc Nifdbj kbskb 7112 Eilcokc 7113 Wbprbsbotcæêi jidbrj`cl b h`ocojb`rc. Bsjr`túr`i kbsct`vcki Je`oc

711;

@rê

711;

[urqu`c Qcqu`stêi Äok`c Qirtufcl

7118 7116 7116 7116

pistbr`irdbotb Wbprbsbotcæêi jjiidbrj`cl b h`ocojb`rc, cj cjirkis kkbb ppccrjbr`c jid c Z`oipbj (bstctcl je`obsc kb pbtrúlbi) pcrc bxplircæêi kb pbtrúlbi ihhseirb oc Je`oc b oi Grcs`l Bsjr`túr`i kb rbprbsbotcæêi= bxbjuæêi kb jiotrcti kb bxplircæêi kb pbtrúlbi ihhseirb Bxplircæêi kb pbtrúlbi bd ãfucs prihuokcs Bxplircæêi kb pbtrúlbi bd ãfucs prihuokcs Bxplircæêi kb pbtrúlbi b fãs bd ãfucs prihuokcs Bxplircæêi kkbb pb pbtrúlbi bbd d ããffucs pprrihuokcs= bbootbok`dbotis pcrc huturc jidbrj`cl`zcæêi kb g`ijidgustävb`s

Hiotb> Blcgircæêi kis cutirbs c pcrt`r, pr`oj`pcldbotb, kb Qbtrigrcs (7116g).

Zbfuoki i k`rbtir kc Ãrbc @otbrocj`iocl kc jidpcoe`c, Obstir Jbrvbrú (Dcr`o, 7118)> "C Qbtrigrãs oêi ctuc dc`s oi bxtbr`ir jid i ignbt`vi ki cgcstbj`dboti ki dbrjcki grcs`lb`ri kbskb 711:. C dbtc cfirc à `ovbst`r oc gusjc kb rbotcg`l`kckb, sbd h`lcotrip`c b jid gcsb bd jiotrctis". I plcoi bstrctàf`ji kc bdprbsc rbhlbtb bstc oivc k`rbtr`z pcrc c jiot`ou`kckb kb suc `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi. Is `ovbst`dbotis prbv`stis pcrc i dbrjcki bxtbroi oi pbräiki 7118-7131 sêi kc irkbd kb RZ$ 6,3 g`leòbs, 3:% ki titcl c sbr `ovbst`ki pblc bdprbsc (Qbtrigrcs, 711;). Qripiræêi sbdblecotb pikb sbr igsbrvckc oc suc hiræc kb trcgclei. Oi h`ocl kb 7118, pcrc ud titcl kb 87.758 bdprbfckis, 8.566 bstcvcd clijckis ocs ct`v`kckbs `otbrocj`ioc`s (Qbtrigrcs, 7118). I Qlcoi kb Obfúj`is 7115-7137 kc bdprbsc v`sludgrc i ignbt`vi kb hczbr kc Qbtrigrcs udc kcs j`oji dc`irbs bdprbscs `otbfrckcs kb bobrf`c ki duoki (Qbtrigrcs, 7116j).

 

Jiojlusêi Ci liofi kb dc`s kb j`oji kàjckcs kb bx`stîoj`c, c Qbtrigrcs sb tiroiu c dc`ir dult`ocj`iocl grcs`lb`rc. Zuc ctucæêi clàd hriotb`rcs jidbæiu bd gusjc kb rbjursis octurc`s (Kuoo`of, 3055= ROJ[CK, 711;) qub oêi sb k`spio`g`l`zcvcd bd qucot`kckb su suh`j h`j`bo `botb tb bd tbrr`tú tbrr`túr`i r`i oc ocj`i j`iocl ocl.. Ci `o`j `o`j`cr `cr suc `otbro `otbrocj cj`ioc `iocl`zc l`zcæêi æêi,, c Qbtrig Qbtrigrc rcss `dpirtcvc jbrjc kb 51% ki pbtrúlbi jiosud`ki oi Grcs`l. Css`d, c bdprbsc hi` á Jilûdg`c Jilûd g`c bxplirc bxplircrr pbtrúlbi pbtrúlbi bd jcdpis jcdpis ioseirb. Zcotis (711:) lbdgrc is hctirbs qub lbvcrcd á jr`cæêi kc Grcspbtri, botrb is quc`s kbstcjc “c `dpirtçoj`c kb tbr udc dêikb-igr kbigrcc `ot `otbro brocj` cj`ioc iocl`z l`zckc ckc,, gu gusjc sjcrr pcr pcrjb jbr`c r`c bd moiw-eiw  b tbjoilif`c jid iutrcs bdprbscs, fcrcot`r i cgcstbj`dboti kb pbtrúlbi b kbr`vckis pcrc i pcäs—. Kbskb pbli dbois c kàjckc kb 3001 iutrcs hiræcs fcoecrcd prbdîoj`c obstb div`dboti. C dc`ir `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi kc bdprbsc c pcrt`r kcqublb didboti hbz pcrtb kb udc bstrctàf`c kb jioqu`stcr oivis dbrjckis b sb tirocr läkbr oc Cdàr`jc Lct`oc. Qcrcc judpr Qcr judpr`r `r sb sbuu pri pripús pús`ti `ti ir`f`ocl ir`f`ocl,, c bdp bdprbs rbscc hi` jcpcz jcpcz kb hcz hczbr br ud jctje`of-up tbjoil tbj oilúf úf`ji `ji,, tir tiroc ocoki oki-sb -sb rbh rbhbrî brîoj oj`c `c du duok` ok`cl cl bd tbjoil tbjoilif` if`cs cs ihhseirb  pcr pcrcc ãf ãfucs ucs prihuokcs. Zuc jidpbtîoj`c oc ãrbc à einb rbjioebj`kc duok`cldbotb, i qub leb pbrd`tb cofcr`cr jiotrctis pcrc bxplircæêi b prikuæêi ci rbkir ki duoki bd ãfucs prihuokcs b ultrc-prihuokcs c`okc piuji bxplirckcs. Clàd k`ssi, tcl jidpbtîoj`c tbd s`ki kbdcokckc pcrc cssij`cæòbs jid iutrcs bdprbscs f`fcotbs ki sbtir pcrc bxbjuæêi kb iutris jiotrctis kb bxplircæêi b pcrc pcrjbr`cs kb pbsqu`sc b kbsbovilv`dboti tbjoilúf`ji (NG, 7116). Qrinbtcoki c cuti-suh`j`îoj`c pcrc i `oäj`i ki oivi d`lîo`i, c bdprbsc rbhirduliu sucs bstrctàf`cs pcrcr tbotcr jrbsjbr `otbrocj`iocldbotb clàd kc Cdàr`jc Lct`oc (Jrbti`u, 7116). Iu sbnc, suc oivc bstrctàf`c kb `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi sb kbu c pcrt`r kc jiostruæêi kb “pripr`bkckbs `otcofävb`s— (Kuoo`of, 3055). Clàd k`ssi, bl blcc tb tbd d bovb bovbrb rbkc kcki ki ou oudc dc bstr bstrct ctàf àf`c `c iu iusc sckc kc kb tb tbot otccr jr jr`c `crr dbrj dbrjck ckis is pc pcrc rc g`ijidgustävb`s b css`d cprivb`tcr jidbrj`cldbotb i jioebj`dboti b cs tbjoilif`cs prúpr`cs qub kbsbovilvbu ci liofi kb suc e`stúr`c. Cis piujis piujis c bdp bdprbs rbscc hi` ji jiosi osil`k l`kcok cokii suc bx bxpb pbr`î r`îoj` oj`cc `otbro `otbrocj cj`io `iocl cl qub jiotr`gu`u pcrc jilijã-lc jidi ud kis frcokbs nifckirbs duok`c`s oi obfúj`i ki pbtrúlbi. Bstb hcti pikb sbr pbrjbg`ki tcoti pblc cgrcofîoj`c fbifrãh`jc kb suc ctucæêi ‚ Cdàr`jc, Burãs`c b Ãhr`jc ‚ jidi pblc k`sputc oc cqu`s`æêi kb oivis glijis

 

bxplirctúr`is, oc vbokc kb tbjoilif`c ihhseirb, ocs  ni`ot-vb  ni`ot-vboturbs oturbs h`rdckcs jid iutrcs dult`ocj`ioc`s b, pir h`d dcs oêi dbois `dpirtcotb, pblc dêi-kb-igrc cltcdbotb qucl`h`jckc b jid bxprbss`vc bxpbr`îoj`c `otbrocj`iocl. Zb ois gcsbcrdis ois “bstãf`is kb `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi— kbsjr`tis pir Niecosio & V`bkbrseb`d-Qcul (3000) pikbdis pbrjbgbr qub c Qbtrigrcs jidbæiu oud cdg`botb nã kid`ocki pir frcokbs bdprbscs dult`ocj`ioc`s, pcrc cis piujis trcoshirdcr-sb oudc dult`oc dul t`ocj`i j`ioc ocll kb ji jidpb dpbtîo tîoj`c j`c oc vcofu vcofucrk crkcc tbj tbjoil oilúf` úf`jc jc ctuco ctucoki ki bd 78 pc pcäsb äsbs, s, b hcturcoki jbrjc kb 32% kb ud titcl kb W$ 325 g`leòbs (bd 7118) oi dbrjcki bxtbroi. Oudc àpijc bd qub du`ti sb hclc oc `otbos`h`jcæêi kc fligcl`zcæêi, c e`stúr`c kb `otbro `ot brocj cj`ioc `iocl`zc l`zcæê æêii kc Qbtrig Qbtrigrcs rcs à bxb bxbdpl dplii kc jidpb jidpbtîo tîoj`c j`c gr grcs` cs`lb` lb`rc rc oê oêii sú bd prikuz`r jidd jiddik`t ik`t`bs `bs b gbos `otbos`vis bd dêi-kb-igrc, dcs bd jiostu`r vcotcfbos jidpbt`t`vcs b vcofucrkc tbjoilúf`jc.

Wbhbrîoj`cs CLBD, C. & JCXCLJCO[@, J. (7116). “I GOKBZ b i cpi`i á `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi kcs kcs bdpr bdprbs bscs cs gr grcs cs`lb `lb`r `rcs cs>> cl clfu fudc dcss rbhlb rbhlbxòb xòbs— s—.. @o @o>> CLDB@ CLDB@KC KC,, C. (i (irf rf.). .).  @otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi  @otbrocj `iocl`zcæêi kb bdprbscs grcs`lb`rcs grcs`lb`rcs - Qbrspbjt`vcs Qbrspbjt`vcs b r`sjis. W`i kb Ncob`ri> Blsbv`br, pp. 720-757. CLDB@ CL DB@KC KC,, Cokr Cokràà (i (irf rf.) .) (7 (711 116) 6)..  @otbrocj  @otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi `iocl`zcæêi kb bdprbscs grcs`lb`rcs grcs`lb`rcs  Qbrspbjt`vcs b r`sjis. W`i kb Ncob`ri> Blsbv`br. CLXBCL, Jcrdbo (3008). “C Qbtrigrãs oc bjioid`c fligcl> kbsch`is b ipirtuo`kckbs kb ud udcc bstc bstctc tcll kb tr trcn cnbt btúr úr`c `c s` s`of ofulc ulcr— r—.. Co Coc` c`ss ki  @@ Jiofrbssi Grcs`lb`ri Grcs`lb`ri kb  E`stúr`c Bjioûd`jc b :ª Jiohbrîoj`c Jiohbrîoj`c @otbrocj`iocl @otbrocj`iocl kb E`stúr`c kb Bdprbscs. Xil. @X. O`tbrú`> CGQEB/RHH, pp. 35:-305, 3: c 38 kb iutugri kb 3008. COQ ‚ CFÎOJ@C OCJ@IOCL KI QB[WÚLBI, FÃZ OC[RWCL B G@IJIDGRZ[ÄXBL (7116). “Wbsudi kcs rikckcs rbcl`zckcs.— K`spioävbl bd> ettp ettp>// >//ww www. w.gr grcs cs`l `l-ri -riuo uoks ks.f .fiv iv.g .gr/f r/fbr brcl cl/r /rbs bsud udiY iYfb fbrc rclY lYW0 W0.c .csp sp#. #. Cjbs Cjbssi si bd bd>> 18/37/7116. CPMR[, K. & FILKZ[B@O, C. (7118). “Kbvblip`of jiuotry dult`oct`iocls> ZiuteZiute `ovbstdbot jidbs ih cfb.— IBJK Kbvblipdbot Jbotrb, Virm`of Qcpbr oi. 726. GCJIJJ@OC GCJI JJ@OC,, Kbo`s Kbo`sbb (7116). (7116). “Lu “Lulc lc pridbtb pridbtb `ovbst`db `ovbst`dboti oti grcs`lb`ri grcs`lb`ri oi Bquckir.— Bquckir.— K`spioävbl bd>ettp>//www.ggj.ji.u bd> ettp>//www.ggj.ji.um/pirtufubsb/rbpirtbrggj m/pirtufubsb/rbpirtbrggj/stiry/7116/1;/161; /stiry/7116/1;/161;1;Yrchcbljir 1;Yrchcbljir rbckgYcj.setdl.. Cjbssi bd> 31/37/7116. rbckgYcj.setdl GBWFCL GBW FCLLI LI,, N. & DIE DIECDB CDBK, K, W. & IL@ IL@XB@ XB@WC, WC, D. (71 (7113) 13).. “Jr`st “Jr`stcl` cl`zcæ zcæêi êi kb pcrch`ocs, hirdcæêi kb irfcoifà`s b bsjicdboti bd ilbikutis—. Gilbt`d [àjo`ji Qbtrigrãs  ;;(3)> 73-:8. GRJML GR JMLBP, BP, Q. & JC JCZZI ZZIO, O, D. (30 (3068) 68).. [eb huturb ih teb dult`oct`iocl botbrpr`sb. Oivc @irqub> Eildbs & Db`br.

 

JCO[VB JCO [VBLL LL,, N. & OCW OCWRL RLC, C, W. (71 (711:) 1:).. “Wb “Wbv`s v`s`t` `t`of of teb bjlbjt`j bjlbjt`j pcr pcrck ck`fd `fd.— .— @o N. JCO[VB JCO [VBLL LL,, & W. OCWR OCWRLC LC (bks (bks). ).  @otbroct`i  @otbroct`iocl ocl gus`obss cok teb bjlbjt`j bjlbjt`j  pcrck`fd. Liokrbs> Wiutlbkfb, pp. 3-7;. JCWO JC WOB@ B@WI WI,, N. & K@ K@G, G, L. & EB EBDC DC@Z @Z,, J. (7 (711 112) 2).. “H`v “H`vbb dc`o dc`o `ssu `ssubbs io te tebb `otbroct`iocl`zct`io ih h`rds> jidpcrct`vb rbv`bw ih teb l`tbrcturb.— X Virmseip bd @otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi kb Bdprbscs. K`spioävbl bd> ettp>//www.oup`o.jippbck.uhrn.gr/ ettp>//www.oup`o.ji ppbck.uhrn.gr/ bd>“[ 31/8/7112. JCWX JC WXCL CLEI EI,, H. & FI FIL LKZ[B@ KZ[B@O, O, C.Cjbssi (7 (711 115) 5) “[eb eb ―d ―dcm cm`o `off ih ih‐‐ oc oct`i t`ioc ocll f`co f`cots ts>> tbjeoilify cok fivbrodbots secp`of teb `otbroct`iocl bxpcos`io ih i`l jidpco`bs hrid Grcz`l cok Je`oc.— ROR-DBW@[ Vp 7115-173. JCZZIO, Dcrm (bk.) (305:). [eb friwte ih `otbroct`iocl gus`obss.  Liokrbs> Fbirfb Cllbo & Row`o. JCXBZ, JCXB Z, W`jecrk W`jecrk (3051). (3051). “@okustr`c “@okustr`cll irfc irfco`zct o`zct`io, `io, jirpirctb jirpirctb strctbfy strctbfy cok strujturb. strujturb.——  Niurocl ih Bjioid`j L`tbrcturb L`tbrcturb UX@@@>8;-07. JECOKLBW, Clhrbk, Nr. (3087). Ztrctbfy cok strujturb. Jcdgr`kfb (DC)> D@[ Qrbss. JECO JE COKL KLBW BW,, Cl Clhr hrbk bk,, Nr. Nr. (3 (306 066) 6).. [e Jcdgr`k r`kfb fb (DC) (DC)>> Ecrv Ecrvcr crkk [ebb v` v`s` s`gl glbb ec ecok  ok . Jcdg Ro`vbrs`ty Qrbss. JIZ[ JI Z[C, C, Kàj` Kàj`ii (7 (711 11:) :)..  Kbpi`dbot  Kbpi`dboti i pcrc i Qrinbti Dbdúr`c kis [rcgcleckirbs [rcgcleckirbs Qbtrigrcs . K` K`sp spio ioäv ävbbl bd et ettp tp>/ >//d /dbbdir` dir`cc.pb pbtr trig igrrcs cs.j .jiid.g d.gr/` r/`otbr otbroc ocuutc tc/  /  jiotbuki/`hrdKbpi`dbotiJidplbti.nsp. jiotbuki/`hrdKbpi `dbotiJidplbti.nsp. Cjbssi bd> 32/7/7116. JWB[I@R, Zebrgco (7116). “@otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi kb pbqubocs b dàk`cs bdprbscs—. @o> CLDB@KC, C. (irf.). @otbrocj  @otbrocj`iocl`zcæê `iocl`zcæêi i kb bdprbscs grcs`lb`rcs grcs`lb`rcs - Qbr Qbrspbjt`vc spbjt`vcss b r`sjis. W`i kb Ncob`ri> Blsbv`br, pp. 7:0-726. KROO KR OO@O @OF, F, Ni Nieo eo (3 (305 053) 3).. “Bxp “Bxplc lc`o `o`of `of iu iutw twcr crkk k`rb k`rbjt jt `ovb `ovbst stdb dbot ot ih kb kbvb vbli lip` p`of of jiuotr`bs> `o suppirt ih teb Bjlbjt`j [ebiry ih `otbroct`iocl prikujt`io.— @o> MRDCW, M. & DJLBIK, D. (bks).  Dult`oc  Dult`oct`iocls t`iocls hrid kbvblip`of kbvblip`of jiuotr`bs. jiuotr`bs. Lbx`oftio (DC)> Lbx`oftio Giims. KROO KR OO@O @OF, F, Ni Nieo eo (3 (305 055) 5)..  Bxplc`o`of `otbroct`iocl `otbroct`iocl prikujt`io prikujt`io. Liok Liokrb rbs> s> Row` Row`oo Eydco. KROO@OF, KROO @OF, Nieo (7113). “[eb Bjlbjt`j (IL@ (IL@)) Qcrc Qcrck`fd k`fd ih @otbroct`i @otbroct`iocl ocl Qrikujt`io Qrikujt`io>> pcst, prbsbot cok huturb—. @otbroct`iocl Niurocl ih teb Bjioid`js ih Gus`obss 5(7)>36:-01. KROO@OF, N. & XCO EIBZBL, W. (3006). “[e`rk wirlk dult`oct`iocl rbv`s`tbk> obw kbvblipdbots cok tebirbt`jcl `dpl`jct`ios.— K`sjuss`io Qcpbr `o @otbroct`iocl @ovbstdbot cok Dcocfbdbot. Ro`vbrs`ty ih Wbck`of, Kbpcrtdbot ih Bjioid`js. BUCDB (7118). “Qbtrigrcs hcz pcrjbr`c pcrc bxplircr pbtrúlbi bd dcr crfbot`oi.— 3: ettp>//pirtclbxcdb.cgr`l.jid.gr/obfij`is/  sbt. 7118. K`spioävbl bd> d1333170.etdl9pr`otcglb4trub.. Cjbssi bd> 3;/0/7118. d1333170.etdl9pr`otcglb4trub HRW[CKI, C. & DRLLBW, O. (300:). “Jidpbt`t`v`kckb kc `okþstr`c grcs`lb`rc kb pbtrúlbi.— Wbv`stc Grcs`lb`rc Grcs`lb`rc kb kb Bobrf`c ;(3), 37p. FILKZ[ FIL KZ[B@O B@O,, Cok Cokrbc rbc (71 (7110) 10)..  Dult`oct  Dult`oct`iocl `iocl jidpco`bs hrid bdbrf`of bjioid`bs> jidpis`t`io, jiojbptucl`zct`io cok k`rbjt`io `o teb fligcl bjioidy . Oivc @irqub> Qclfrcvb Dcjd`llco. FR@LQ@O, FR@L Q@O, Wigbrt (3056) (3056).. [eb pil`t`jcl bjioidy ih `otbroct`iocl rblct`ios. Qr`ojbtio (ON)> Qr`ojbtio Ro`vbrs`ty Qrbss.

 

EPDBW, Ztbpebo (3085). “Lc frcokb jirpirct`io dult`oct`ioclb.—  Wàvub Bjioid`qub U@U(8)>0;0-6:. @FL FLBZ BZ@C @CZ, Z, W. & DI[[ DI[[C C XB@ XB@FC, FC, Q. (7 (711 117) 7) “Qri “Qridi diæê æêii kb bx bxpi pirt rtcæ cæòb òbss v` v`cc `o `otb tbro rocj cj`i `ioc ocl` l`zc zcæê æêii kc kcss h` h`rd rdcs cs kb jcp` jcp`tc tcll gr grcs cs`l `lb` b`ri ri—. —. @o> I kbsc kbsch` h`i i kcs kcs bxpirtcæòbs . W`i kb Ncob`ri> GOKBZ. NG ‚ NI NIWO WOCL CL KI GWC WCZ@ Z@L L (7 (711 116) 6).. “Bst “Bstct ctcl cl h`rd h`rdcc cj cjir irki ki tbjo tbjoil ilúf úf`j `jii ji jid d Ztcti`lEykri.— ; kbz. 7116. NIECOZIO, N. & V@BKBWZEB@O-QCRL, H. (3000) “[eb `otbroct`iocl`zct`io ih teb h`r h`rd> d> hiu hiurr Zwb Zwbk`s k`see jcsbs jcsbs.— .—  Niurocl ih Dcocfbdbot Dcocfbdbot Ztuk`bs  37>:12-77, 3062. Wb`dprbs Wb`d prbssi si `o> GRJMLBP, GRJMLBP, Q.= FECR FECRW@, W@, Q. (bks). (bks). [eb `otbroct`iocl`zct`io ih  teb h`rd. Liokrbs> @otbroct`iocl [eidsio Gus`obss Qrbss, 3000. MRCKC, N. & ZÕWBOZBO, I. (7111).  @otbroct`  @otbroct`iocl`zct` iocl`zct`io io ih jidpco`bs hrid kbvblip`of jiuotr`bs. G`ofecdtio (OP)> Ecwirte Qrbss. LCLL LC LL,, Zc Zcon oncy cycc (bk. (bk.)) (3 (305 05:) :).. [eb obw dult`o dult`oct` ct`ioc iocls ls>> teb sprbck sprbck ih [e`rk [e`rk Virlk  Virlk  botbrpr`sbs . Je`jebstbr> V`lby. LCOK LC OKCR CR,, F. & LIEDC LIEDCOO OO,, N. (7 (711 118) 8).. [eb jcsb ih Qbtrig Crt`fi fi Qbtrigrcs rcs `o Grcz`l Grcz`l. Crt` cprbsbotcki oi Ji Jill lliq iqub ub E` E`st stir ir`q `qub ub @otb @otbro roct ct`i `ioc ocl> l> Lb Lbss ràlc ràlct` t`io ioss botr botrbb jidpcfo`bs pàtril`årbs bt àtcts prikujtburs . Lc Kàhbosb, 35-30 kb sbtbdgri kb 7118. LBJWC LB JWCV, V, Ki Kioc oclk lk (3 (306 066) 6).. “K`r “K`rbj bjtt `o `ovb vbst stdb dbot ot gy h`rd h`rdss hr hrid id Lbs bsss-Kb Kbvb vblip lipbk bk Jiuotr`bs.— Ixhirk Bjioid`js Qcpbrs 70(:)> ;;7-26. LBKR LB KRW, W, Qc Qcul ulii (7 (711 11:) :)..  Kbpi`dbot  Kbpi`dboti i pcrc i Qrinbti Dbdúr`c kis [rcgcleckirbs [rcgcleckirbs Qbtrigrcs . K`sp K`spioävb ioävbll bd ettp>/ ettp>//dbdi /dbdir`c.p r`c.pbtrig btrigrcs. rcs.jid. jid.gr/`otb gr/`otbrocu rocutc/ji tc/jiotbuk otbuki/  i/  `hrdKbpi`dbotiJidplbti.nsp. `hrdKbpi`dbotiJidplb ti.nsp. Cjbssi bd> 32/7/711:. U@CIER@, L. & GRJM, [. & ZER J. (7112). “Je`obsb bjioid`j kbvblipdbot, teb obxt stcfb> iutwcrk HK@9— @otbroct`  @otbroct`iocl iocl Gus`obss Gus`obss Wbv`bw Wbv`bw 3;> 06‚332. DCW@O, Kbo`sb (7118). “Qilät`jc bxtbroc cnukc Qbtrigrãs.— I Bstcki kb Zêi Qculi, 30 kb hbvbrb`ri kb 7118. DJMC@O, K. & CLLBO, G. (300;). Vebrb `t cll gbfco teb stiry ih teb pbiplb cok   plcjbs webrb webrb teb i`l & fcs `okustry `okustry gbfco. Qcrmbrsgurf> I`l & Fcs Dusbud. DBL DB L@O @O,, Lb Lb`h `h (3 (300 007) 7).. “@ot “@otbr broc oct` t`io iocl cl`z `zct ct`i `ioo cs c strc strctb tbffy pr prij ijbs bss. s.—— Ztrctbf`j  Dcocfbdbot  Dcocfbdb ot Niurocl 3: (V`otbr)> 00-335. DIRWC, Dcr`lujb (irf.) (711:). Qbtrigrcs 21 cois. W`i kb Ncob`ri> Qbtrigrcs.

IWBLLCOC, J. & OB[I, W. (7118). “Grcz`l cok Ncpco f`vb hubl ti btecoil dcrmbt.—  Octurb G`itbjeoilif G`itbjeoilifyy 7;> 7:7. IW[@^ OB[I, Nisà G. (7118). I prijbssi kb cprbok`zcki tbjoilúf`ji oc trcnbtúr`c ki s`stbdc kb prikuæêi hlutucotb bdprbbok`ki pblc Qbtrigrãs bd sbu prifrcdc kb jc jcpcj pcj`tc `tcæê æêi i tbjoil tbjoilúf` úf`jc jc bd ãfucs ãfucs prihuo prihuokc kcss - QWIJCQ QWIJCQ..  K`s K`ssb sbrtc rtcæê æêii kb

Dbstrc Dbst rcki ki,, Ju Jur` r`t`g t`gc> c> Qr Qrif ifrc rcdc dc kb Qú Qúss-Fr Frck ckuc ucæê æêii bd Kbsb Kbsbov ovil ilv` v`db dbot otii Bjioûd`ji, Ro`vbrs`kckb Hbkbrcl ki Qcrcoã. QB[WIGWCZ. Wblctúr`i  Wblctúr`iss Couc`s. K`vbrsis cois. QB[W QB [WIG IGWC WCZZ (7 (711 112) 2).. “Q “Qlc lcoi oi Bstr Bstrct ctàf àf`j `jii Qb Qbtr trig igrc rcss 71 7132 32—. —. K` K`sp spio ioäv ävbl bl bd ettp>//www ettp> //www7.pbt 7.pbtrigrc rigrcs.jid s.jid.gr/p .gr/pirtuf irtufubs/ ubs/cks/c cks/cks.Q ks.Qbtrig btrigrcs.e rcs.etdl. tdl. Cjbssi Cjbssi bd> 38/7/7115.

 

QB[WIGWCZ (7118). “Bhbt`vi kb Qbssicl - Z`stbdc Qbtrigrcs 7118.— K`spioävbl bd ettp>//www7.pbtrigrcs.jid.gr/r`/pirt/JioebjcQbtrigrc ettp>//www7.pbtrigrcs .jid.gr/r`/pirt/JioebjcQbtrigrcs/WbjursisEudco s/WbjursisEudcois/pkh/Bh  is/pkh/Bh  bt`viQbssiclY7118YQirt.pkh. bt`viQbssic lY7118YQirt.pkh. Cjbssi bd> 37/7/7118. QB[WIGWCZ (7116c). “Qbtrigrcs bd oþdbris.— K`spioävbl bd ettp>//www7.pbtrigrcs.jid.gr/Qbtrigrcs/pirtufub ettp>//www7.pbtrigrcs .jid.gr/Qbtrigrcs/pirtufubs/oudbris/oudY`okb s/oudbris/oudY`okbx.etd. x.etd. Cjbssi bd> 16/7/7116. QB[Wettp> IGW//www7.pbt CZ 7.pbtrigrc (71rigrcs.jid 16g)s.jid.gr/p . “Ctuirtcl/Ctuc cæêi/Ctucjci@ `otbrotbrocj`io ocj`ioj`iocl.etd cl.—cl.etd. K. `spiCjbs oävblsi bbd> d> ettp>//www .gr/pirtcl jci@otbroc Cjbssi 37/37/7116. QB[WIG QB[ WIGWCZ WCZ (7116j (7116j). ). “Ql “Qlcoi coi Bstrc Bstrctàf tàf`ji `ji Qbtrig Qbtrigrc rcss 7115-7 7115-7137 137—. —. K`spio K`spioävb ävbll bd ettp>//www ettp> //www7.pbt 7.pbtrigrc rigrcs.jid s.jid.gr/p .gr/pirtuf irtufubs/ ubs/cks/c cks/cksYQ ksYQbtrig btrigrcs.e rcs.etdl. tdl. Cjbssi Cjbssi bd> 36/37/7116. QB[WIGWCZ (7110c). “Qbtrigrcs bd Oþdbris—. K`spioävbl bd ettp>//www ettp> //www7.pbt 7.pbtrigrc rigrcs.jid s.jid.gr/ .gr/ pirt pirtufub ufubs/ck s/cks/ck s/cksYQb sYQbtrigrc trigrcs.etd s.etdl.l. Cjbs Cjbssi si bd> :3/16/7110. QB[WIGWCZ (7110g). “QWIJCQ :111> prúx`dc hriotb`rc kb bxplircæêi bd ãfucs ultrcprihuokcs.— K`spioävbl bd “ettp>//www7.pbtrigrcs.jid.gr/tbjoilif`c7/pirt/  crbckbctucjciYbxplircjc crbckbctuc jciYbxplircjcicfucs.csp. icfucs.csp. Cjbssi bd> 35/15/7110. QB[WIGWCZ (7110j). “QWIJCQ :111> prúx`dc hriotb`rc kb bxplircæêi bd ãfucs ultrcprihuokcs.— K`spioävbl bd ettp>//www7.pbtrigrcs.j ettp>//www7.pbtrigrcs.jid.gr/pirtcl/ id.gr/pirtcl/ hrcdb.csp9 pcf`oc4/tbjoilif`c/pirt/jbotriYpbsq pcf`oc4/tbjo ilif`c/pirt/jbotriYpbsqu`scskcpbtrigrcs u`scskcpbtrigrcsbxpcosci.cs bxpcosci.csp&lcof4pt&crbc p&lcof4pt&crbc 4tbjoilif`c.. Cjbssi bd> 30/15/7110. 4tbjoilif`c Q@ Q@[BL [BL@Z, @Z, J. & ZRK ZRKFBO FBO,, W. (7111 (7111). ). [eb octurb ih teb trcosoct`iocl h`rd . 7c. bk. Liokrbs & Oivc @irqub> Wiutlbkfb. QLCO QL CO@O @OZJ ZJEB EBJM JM,, Ob Obuz uzcc (7 (711 11:) :)..  Kbpi`dboti pcrc i Qrinbti Dbdúr`c kis [rcgclec [rcg cleckirb kirbss Qbtrigrc Qbtrigrcss. K`sp K`spio ioäv ävbl bl bd ettp ettp>// >//db dbdi dir` r`c. c.pb pbtri trigr grcs cs.j .jid id.gr .gr/ /  `otbrocutc/jiotbuki/`hrdKbpi`dbotiJidplbti.ns `otbrocutc/jiotbu ki/`hrdKbpi`dbotiJidplbti.nsp. p. Cjbssi bd> 32/7/711:. ZCRXCO[, Mcrl (7116). “I `ovbst`dboti k`rbti bstrcofb`ris kis GW@J (Grcs`l, Wþss`c, Äo Äok`c k`c b Je` Je`oc) oc) oi bxt bxtbr` br`ir— ir—.. @o> CLDB CLDB@KC @KC,, C. (irf.). (irf.).  @otbrocj`  @otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi iocl`zcæêi kb bdprbscs grcs`lb`rcs - Qbrspbjt`vcs b r`sjis . W`i kb Ncob`ri> Blsbv`br, pp. :6-66. ZCRXCO[, Mcrl (7115). “[eb r`sb ih [OJs hrid bdbrf`of dcrmbts> teb `ssubs—. @o> ih trcosoct trcosoct`ioc `iocll jirpirct jirp irct`ios `ios:-3;. hrid bdbrf`o bdbrf`of f ZC ZCRX RXCO CO[, [, M.ir(bk. (bippirtuo`ty9 k.)) [eb r`sb Jebltboecd> dcrmbts> terbct Bkwcrk Blfcr, pp. Z@LXC, Dcr`c Luss`bu (7117). C `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi `otbrocj`iocl`zcæêi kcs frcokbs frcokbs bdprbscs grcs`lb`rcs grcs`lb`rcs kb jcp`tcl ocj`iocl ois cois 3001 . [bsb kb Kiutircki. Jcdp`ocs> @ost`tuti kb Bjioid`c, Ro`jcdp. ZXB[L@J@J, D. & WINBJ, D. (bks) (711:). Hc Hcj` j`l`t l`tct` ct`of of trcos trcos`t` `t`io io gy `otb `otbro roct ct`i `ioc ocl` l`zc zct` t`io io>> iu iutw twcr crk k k` k`rb rbjt jt `o `ovb vbst stdb dbot ot bjioid`bs `o trcos`t`io. Clkbrseit> Csefctb.

hrid hrid

Jbot Jbotrc rcll

Buri Buripb pbco co

[ILBO[@OI, Qcz (300:). [bjeoilif`jcl `ooivct`io cok [e`rk Virlk dult`oct`iocls. Liokrbs> Wiutlbkfb. ROJ[CK (711;). “Ijjcs`iocl oitb> Iutwcrk HK@ hrid Grcz`l> pi`sbk ti tcmb ihh9— ROJ[CK/VBG/@[B/@@C/711;/38. ROJ[ RO J[CK CK (711 (7116) 6).. Vi Virlk rlk @ovbstdb @ovbstdbot ot Wbpirt Wbpirt 7116 ‚ [rcosoct [rcosoct`ioc `iocll jirpirct jirpirct`ios `ios,, bxtrcjt`vb `okustr`bs cok kbvblipdbot . Oivc @irqub & Fbobvc> Ro`tbk Oct`ios.

 

XBWOIO, Wcydiok (3088). “@otbroct`iocl `ovbstdbot cok `otbroct`iocl trckb `o teb prikujt jyjlb.— Sucrtbrly Niurocl ih Bjioid`js 51>301-716.