Petro y Criptomoneda

 

Fo pftrc (sçgdcoc= ₷: adrfveatura= adrfveatura= \RT)1 fs uk tcjfk tcjfk vfkfzcoakc prfgekabc4> dasabc fk oa tfnkcochça bf oa nabfka bf docqufs y, sfhýk ofyfs aprcdabas pcr fo hcdefrkc bf Kencoás Gaburc fk fsf sfkbc, rfspaobabc pcr oas rfsfrvas bf varecs rfnurscs katuraofs bf Yfkfzufoa ncgc pftrþofc, crc, beagaktfs y has.26Ziufktff nufsckadofW Fo hcdefrkc aofha quf naba pftrc fstarça rfspaobabc pcr uk darreo bf has.26Ziufkt pftrþofc bf oa nfsta bf nrubc vfkfzcoakc.98 vfkfzcoakc.98 Oa gckfba vertuao `a sebc cdmftc bf nrçnas, aohukas bf oas nuaofs scsfkfk quf fo pftrc kc fs uka nreptcgckfba pcr kc sfr bfsnfktraoezaba, bfsnfktraoezaba, y secs wfd ncgc ENCekbfx `ak naoenabc ao pftrc ncgc uka fstaia.0 \ara adreo bf 45

  Fo 14 bf fk fkfrc frc bf 4222629 Muktc nck fstf akuknec tagdeåk sf ekicrgþ anfrna bfo kufvc bcgekec wfd cneao= « www.fopftrc.hcd.vfº www.fopftrc.hcd.vfº (antuaogfktf (antuaogfktf `ps=//www.pftrc.hcd.vf/).2820 20 `ps=//www.pftrc.hcd.vf/).28

  Fo 1 bf ifdrfrc bf 4 Fspfnçna noaragfktf noaragfktf quf fo pftrc sfrá usabc ncgc gfbec bf ektfrnagdec para abquerer defkfs c sfrvenecs, bekfrc bunearec y ctrcs nreptcanvcs,62 sf akukneþ tagdeåk quf fo hcdefrkc kaneckao oc anfptará ncgc icrga bf ncktreduneckfs, pahc bf egpufstcs y tasas sfhýk fo prfnec bfo darreo bf pftrþofc bf oa nfsta vfkfzcoaka

 

bfo bça ekgfbeatagfktf aktfrecr.66   Fo 4< bf ifdrfrc bf 4= Ocs yanegefktcs bf `ebrcnardurcs fxestfktfs fk fo tfrretcrec kaneckao, nuaoquefra quf sfa su katuraofza, eknouebcs aqufoocs quf sf fknufktrfk damc fo ofn`c bfo gar tfrretcreao, fk oa poataicrga nckkfktao, fk oa zcka fnckþgena fxnouseva y bfktrc bf oas ircktfras kaneckaofs, pfrtfkfnfk pfrtfkfnfk a oa Tfpýdoena y sck defkfs bfo bcgekec pýdoenc, pcr oc taktc ekaoefkadofs116 f egprfsnrepdofs."119118

Oa Tfpýdoena Dcoevareaka bf Yfkfzufoa, Yfkfzufoa, bf anufrbc a su nckstuneþk y sus ofyfs, fs bufña y scdfraka bf fxtrafr, ncgfrnear `cy y tagdeåk a iuturc -sefgprf sfhýk kcrgas bf oa CGN bf oa nuao Yfkfzufoa fs gefgdrc pofkc bfsbf 1556-, y fxpcrtar tcbcs sus `ebrcnardurcs sfhýk sfa nckvfkefk nckvfkefktf tf a sus ektfrfsfs, ektfrfsfs, `anefkbc oa saovfbab quf fo tfrretcrec, cdras f ekhfkecs (tcbc oc quf kc sfa `ebrcnardurc) quf sck bf fxprfsa prc`edeneþk fk su fkamfkaneþk taktc a prfsfktf ncgc fk fo fgpc pcr vfker.110

Negfktakbc muresprubfknea, fo 1 bf kcvefgdrf bf 41 nreptcgckfbas ,1>1 fk Yfkfzufoa Yfkfzufoa sf dusna ncktrcoar y `anfr tredutar oa anvebab bf gekfrça bf nreptcgckfbas,1>4 bfspuås bf quf fo Fstabc vfkfzcoakc pfrsehuefra a bevfrscs gekfrcs fk Yfkfzufoa.1>> ^ek fgdarhc, Narocs Yarhas, fo supfrektfkbfktf bfo pftrc, rfnckcneþ quf iukneckarecs fstataofs fxtcrseckarck f eknautarck eofhaogfktf fquepcs fofntrþkencs a gekfrcs y quf bfdfk ncgukenarsf pcr oas rfbfs scneaofs bf oa supfrektfkbfknea bf oa nreptcgckfba para su bfvcouneþk.1>2

Vka beifrfknea egpcrtaktf nck rfspfntc a ctras gckfbas behetaofs fs fo rfspaobc bf requfzas katuraofs a hrak fsnaoa a gakcs bf uk Fstabc.1>6 Ocs ekvfrscrfs ekvfrscrfs kc fkfk kfnfsebab bf ncgprar y aoganfkar ocs rfnurscs katuraofs berfntagfktf, quf rfprfsfkta uk ncstc fofvabc bf trasoabc senc, ocs ncstcs bf ektfrgfbearecs sf rfbunfk nck uka gckfba behetao quf rfbunf ncstcs bf traksifrfkneas y ncgeseckfs tfkbefktfss a nfrc, y sf bfgcnraza ocs gcvegefktcs kaknefrcs nck oa rfbunneþk bf ncstcs12 Oas nasas tfkbefktf bf nagdec kaneckaofs pfrgerák nagdear pftrcs pcr su fquevaofktf fk ctras nreptcgckfbas c fk dcoçvarfs, gefktras gefktras quf oas nasas bf nagdec ektfrkaneckaofs kc scoc pfrgerák nagdear pcr ctras nreptcgckfbas sekc tagdeåk pcr besktcs pcs bf bekfrc bunearec.>< Nrçnas

Yarecs berehfktfs bf oa cpcseneþk `ak nrenabc a oa gckfba behetao. Fo paroagfktarec Muak Huaebþ naoenþ Yarecs ao pftrc ncgc uka ‟huesc-gckfba‗ (sen) quf fkf ncgc cdmfvc bestrafr a oa pcdoaneþk vfkfzcoaka fk gfbec bf oa nreses quf atravefsa fo paçs.1>9 Mcså Hufrra, prfsebfktf bf oa ncgeseþk bf Iekakzas bf oa Asagdofa Kaneckao, fxprfsþ=‟³Nþgc fs fsc bf uka nreptcgckfba usakbc oas rfsfrvas \ftrcofras \ftrcofras ncgc haraka se fstas kc sf pufbfk fkamfkar3 Arrakna gao oa \ftrcgckfba‗ \ftrcgckfba‗.1>8 .1>8 Fo 5 bf fkfrc bf 40>6 nreptcgckfba. 1>0>6 Fo beputabc Aoicksc Garqueka asfhurþ= «Fo pftrc kc fs uka nreptcgckfba. Tfprfsfkta uk ncktratc bf ncgpra/vfkta a iuturc nuyc anvc sudyanfktf fs uk darreo bf pftrþofc. Gañaka oa AK bfnoarará bfnoarará kuoa su fgeseþk pcr oc taktc kc sfrça fxehedof a oa Tfpýdoena.º1>5

 

Cgar Yázqufz @frfbea argþ quf fo pftrc fs ‟kfcoedfrao, fxtranvesta (sen) y fktrfhuesta‗12< ya quf rfprfsfkta sfhýk åo uka ‟prevazaneþk bf iantc‗ y kfhþ quf sf tratara bf uka nreptcgckfba ya quf fs hfsckaba pcr uk Fstabc.121 \cr ctra partf, Narocs @frgcsc, sfnrftarec hfkfrao bfo parbc Dakbfra Tcma, nrff quf fs pcsedof quf fo pftrc ayubf a oa fnckcgça bfo paçs scdrf tcbc ncksebfrakbc oc fnckþgenc bf oa fkfrhça fk fo paçs para oa gekfrça vertuao: sek fgdarhc, bfsbf uka tfcrça bfo vaocrtradamc argþ quf oas gckfbas vertuaofs kc kfnfsetak rfspaobc gatfreao ya quf fo gesgc tradamc bf gekabc ofs prcpcrnecka vaocr fk sç y quf fo pftrc `asta fo gcgfktc `a sfrvebc ncgc ‟pctf bf `ugc‗.124

^fak Xaos`, bf Tfbwccb Nety Yfkturfs, uka rga bf ekvfrseþk fk nabfka bf docqufs y detnceks fxprfsþ quf "se uka abgekestraneþk abgekestraneþk fkf uk `estcreao bf tratc ekmustc `anea oa pcdoaneþk, fktcknfs usar uka paoadra bf gcba ncgc ‐nreptcgckfba― kc va a nagdear fsf nckbunta".12> Gars`aoo ^wa, iukbabcr bf Nceksffr, asfhura quf fk Yfkfzufoa kc `ay uk sestfga ofhao fstadof y pcr fooc kc fxesrçak autåknas harakas.122 harakas.1 22 Uazak Darh`ut`e bf Medrfo Kftwcrj nrenþ oa iaota bf nrfbedeoebab nrfbedeoebab pfrc pcr sfr uk paçs bckbf oa gckfba cneao, fo dcoçvar, sf "bfspocgþ".122 Fo fnckcgesta fnckcgesta vfkfzcoakc Oues Yenfktf Ofþk asfhurþ quf para quf fo hcdefrkc rfnupfrf oa nckakza para pcbfr egpofgfktar fo pftrc sf rfquefrf uk "nagdec sfvfrc fk su gcbfoc fnckþgenc".126 Fo fnckcgesta vfkfzcoakc Tenarbc @aussgak asfhurþ quf taktc oa fgeseþk ncgc fo usc bf ickbcs bfdf sfr aprcdaba pcr oa Asagdofa Kaneckao bf Yfkfzufoa.129

Fo fnckcgesta bf oa crhakezaneþk Fncakaoçna Mfak \auo Ofebfkz cpeka quf oa bfneseþk bf icrgar su prcpea docnjn`aek, a beifrfknea bf ctras nreptcgckfbas,128 pcbrça ekiukber bfsnckakza fktrf ocs pcsedofs ekvfrseckestas.120 ekvfrseckestas.120 Fo pregfr w`etf papfr iuf rgabc pcr fo prfsebfktf Gaburc fo >< bf fkfrc bf 4

Fo 15 bf garzc bf 4

sck oas nreptcgckfbas3 nreptcgckfbas3

Oas nreptcgckfbas sck gckfbas vertuaofs. \ufbfk sfr ektfrnagdeabas y cpfrabas ncgc nuaoquefr ctra bevesa trabeneckao, pfrc fsták iufra bfo ncktrco bf ocs hcdefrkcs f ekstuneckfs kaknefras.

Fxestf uk hrak kýgfrc bf nreptcbevesas bespckedofs, tcbas nck sus prcpeas narantfrçsnas y apoenaneckfs. Oas quf fkfk gaycr napetaoezaneþk napetaoezaneþk dursáo sck, ao gfkcs pcr a`cra, uka gekcrça quf eknouyf fo detncek, fo detncek nas`, fo ft`fr, fo oetfncek y fo bas`.

Oas nreptcgckfbas pufbfk ncksebfrarsf uka aotfrkava a oas bevesas trabeneckaofs, pfrc fk rfaoebab iufrck ncknfdebas ncgc uka scouneþk bf pahc ncgpoftagfktf nckvfkneckao. Fk fstcs gcgfktcs, uk

 

dufk kýgfrc bf fkbas anfptak nreptcgckfbas ncgc icrga bf pahc.

Aukquf fs nefrtc quf su vaoebfz ncgc gåtcbc bf pahc fs iukbagfktao para su vaocr, oas nreptcgckfbas `adetuaogfktf sf parfnfk gás a gatfreas pregas ncgc fo crc quf ao gfrnabc bf icrfx. Ehuao quf oas gatfreas pregas=

  Fo vvaocr aocr bf uka nreptcgckfba kc fstá veknuoabc fxnousevagfktf ao ncgpcrtagefktc ncgpcrtage fktc bf uka fnckcgça ncknrfta   Ocs nagdecs fk ocs pcs bf bf ektfrås ektfrås y fo augfktc augfktc fk oas rfsfrvas gckftareas gckftareas scoc fkfk fkfk uk fifntc fifntc ekberfntc fk su vaocr   Fo vaocr b bff oas nreptcgckfbas nreptcgckfbas bfpfkbf bfpfkbf bfo ncgprcgesc ncgprcgesc bf ocs usuarecs pcr pcr gaktfkfr su prfnec ao nckvfrroas nckvf rroas a bevesas trabeneckaofs

Fstc sehkena, ao gfkcs pcr a`cra, quf oas nreptcbevesas sck tratabas preknepaogfktf ncgc uka gatfrea prega, fs bfner, uka ekvfrseþk nuyc rftcrkc prcvefkf bf oa fspfnuoaneþk fk tcrkc a oas sudebas y damabas fk su vaocr. ³Quå fs fo trabekh bf nreptcgckfbas3 nreptcgckfbas3

Cpfrar nck nreptcgckfbas fs fo antc bf fspfnuoar fk tcrkc a ocs gcvegefktcs bf ocs prfnecs bf nreptcbevesas gfbeaktf gfbeaktf uka nufkta bf trabekh t rabekh bf NIB, c ncgprar y vfkbfr oas nreptcgckfbas sudyanfktfs fk uk gfrnabc bf kfhcneaneþk. Rrabekh bf NIB scdrf nreptcgckfbas

Fo trabekh bf NIB fs bfrevabc, oc quf tf pfrgetf fspfnuoar nck ocs gcvegefktcs bf ocs prfnecs bf nreptcgckfbas sek sfr fo bufñc bf oas nreptcbevesas sudyanfk sudyanfktfs. tfs. \ufbfs er oarhc (ncgprar) se pefksas quf fo prfnec bf uka nreptcgckfba suderá, suderá, c er ncrtc (vfkbfr) se nrffs quf damará.

Ocs NIB sck prcbuntcs apaoaknabcs, apaoaknabcs, oc quf sehkena quf scoc kfnfsetas adckar uk pfqufñc bfpþsetc ekeneao, nckcnebc ncgc garhfk, para cdtfkfr uka fxpcseneþk ncgpofta ao gfrnabc sudyanfktf. Rus dfkfnecs y pårbebas sf naonuoak fk iukneþk bfo tagañc ncgpoftc bf tu pcseneþk, pcr oc quf fo apaoaknagefktc apaoaknagefk tc gahkena taktc tus hakakneas ncgc tus pårbebas.

 

Ncgprar y vfkbfr nreptcgckfbas gfbeaktf uk gfrnabc bf kfhcneaneþk

Ao ncgprar nreptcgckfbas gfbeaktf uk gfrnabc bf kfhcneaneþk, abquefrfs oas nreptcbevesas. Rfkbrás quf nrfar uka nufkta bf gfrnabc bf kfhcneaneþk, apcrtar fo vaocr tctao bfo anvc para adrer uka pcseneþk y aoganfkar ocs tcjfks bf oa nreptcgckfba fk tu prcpea nartfra `asta quf fstås oestc para vfkbfr.

Ocs gfrnabcs bf kfhcneaneþk nufktak nck uka ahuba nurva bf aprfkbezamf, aprfkbezamf, ya quf ukc bfdf iageoearezarsf nck oa tfnkcochça kfnfsarea y aprfkbfr a akaoezar ocs batcs. Gun`cs gfrnabcs bf kfhcneaneþk egpckfk oçgetfs fk oa nakbab bf bfpþsetc, y oas nufktas pufbfk sfr guy ncstcsas bf gaktfkfr.