Petrie_The Palace of Apries (Memphis II)
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BRITISH
SCHOOL OF ARCHAEOLOGY EGYPT
IN
AND EGYPTIAN
RESEARCH ACCOUNT
FIFTEENTH YEAR, 1909
THE PALACE OF APRIES (MEMPHIS II)
BY
W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE WITH
J.
A
CHAPTER BY
WALKER
H.
LONDON SCHOOL
OF
ARCHAEOLOGY
IN
EGYPT
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, GOWER STREET, W.C. AND
11,
BERNARD QUARITCH GRAFTON STREET, NEW BOND STREET, 1
909
W.
A
The IJl)i"(Uy
orAncinit All
NEW YORK
UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES INSTITUTE OF FINE ARTS
ARCHAEOLOGY IN EGYPT AND EGYPTIAN RESEARCH ACCOUNT
BRITISH SCHOOL OF
FIFTEENTH YEAR,
1909
THE PALACE OF APRIES (MEMPHIS H) BY
W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE Hon. D.C.L., LL.D., Litt.D., Ph.D. F.R.S., F.B.A., Hon. F.S.A. (Scot.)
MEMBER OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL GERMAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE CORRESPONDING MTMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTHROPOLOGY, BERLIN MEMBER OF THE ROMAN SOCIETY OF ANTHROPOLOGY MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF NORTHERN ANTIQUARIES MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY EDWARDS PROFESSOR OF EGYPTOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
WITH A CHAPTER BY Dr.
J.
H.
WALKER
LONDON
SCHOOL OF ARCHAEOLOGY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, GOWER
IN EGYPT STREET, W.C.
AND
II,
BERNARD QUARITCH GRAFTON STREET, NEW BOND STREET, 1909
W.
Fint A
j^
VT
57
Si
PRINTED BY UAZELL, WATSON AND VINEV, LONDON AND AYLESBURY.
LD.,
:
ARCHAEOLOGY IN EGYPT AND EGYPTIAN RESEARCH ACCOUNT
BRITISH SCHOOL OF
patron
THE EARL OF CROMER,
Q.C.B., Q.C.IVl.Q., K.C.S.I., Etc., Etc.
GENERAL COMMITTEE
{""
Ernest Gardner Percy Gardner
Lord Avebury Walter Baily Henry Balfour
*Prof.
Freiherr von Hissing
Gowland Mrs. J. R. Green Dr. A. C. Haddon Jesse Haworth Dr. A. C. Headlam
Prof.
Rt.
BoNNEY Rt. Hon. James Bryce Prof. J. B. Bury *SoMERS Clarke Edward Clodd W. E. Crum Prof. Boyd Dawkins
Dr.
J.
Prof. Montague Walter Morrison *Miss M. a. Murray Prof. P. E. Newberry
G. T. Goldie
Sir
H. H.
F.
Hensley ( Chairman)
Dr. Pinches
Howorth von Hugel
W. Prothero
Dr. G.
Reisner
*J.
E.
Sir
Macalister
W. Macan Mahaffy G. Milne
Dr. R.
Alan Gardiner
Dr. G.
Prof.
Prof.
Frazer
Page May W. Percival
W. Richmond Prof. F. W. Ridgeway Mrs. Strong Mrs. TiRARD
Baron A.
Dill
Dr.
Hogarth
D. G.
Gregory Foster G.
Sir
*Sir Robert
*MisS ECKENSTEIN Dr.
Hon.
Scott Moncrieff Robert Mond
Sir C.
Prof.
Dr. T. G.
Prof. Sir S.
Executive Members)
TowRY Whyte
Treasurer—'^Yi. Sefton-Jones
Honorary Director
—
Prof.
Flinders Petrie
Honorary Secretaries— Mrs. Hilda Petrie and *Dr.
J.
H. Walker.
Egypt than it and the relation of England to Egypt at present makes it the in Greece and Italy is more suitable that support should be given to a British School in that land. This body is the only such agency, and is also the basis of the excavations of Prof. Flinders Petrie, who The great enterprise of the has had many students associated with his work in past years. excavation of the temples and city of Memphis, which has now been undertaken, promises But it will necessarily be far more costly than any other work the most valuable results.
The need
of providing
for
the
training
of
students
is
even greater
in
;
in
Egypt, and
School. entirely
it
cannot be suitably carried out without increasing the present income of the
Active support
is
required to ensure the continuance of such work, which depends
on personal contributions, and each subscriber receives the annual volume.
antiquities not retained
by the Egyptian Government are presented
the Annual Exhibition, during July, at University College.
Chartered Accountant, and published
in the
Annual Report.
The
to
Public
Museums,
The after
accounts are audited by a
Treasurer: H. Sefton-Jones.
ADDRESS THE HON. SECRETARY, BRITISH SCHOOL IN EGYPT, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, GOWER STREET, LONDON, W.C.
CONTENTS CHAPTER
I
THE PALACE OF MEMPHIS. SECT.
VI
CONTENTS
SECT.
TAGK
47.
Khabbash
48.
Bronze work
49.
Glazed bowls
CHAPTER VIII THE INSCRIPTIONS.
16
bullet, etc. .
16
.
16
By DK.
VII
The named types
51.
The Greek
52.
Unknown
Index
types
types
.
camp
WALKER
sculpture, Pis.
54.
Lintel of Merenptah, PI.
55.
Xllth and
THE TERRA-COTTA HEADS. 50.
//.
PAGE
53- Dedications,
CHAPTER
J.
SECT.
XXth
XXI
XI
II.\,
XIX
...
dynasty inscriptions,
9 XXIV
16
56.
Siamen
17
57.
XlXth and X XXth dynasty inscriptions,
17
XXV, XVII
18
PI.
XXIH inscriptions, PI.
18
19 Pis.
20 23
LIST OF PLATES WITH PAGE REFERENCES TO THE DESCRIPTIONS
THE PALACE OF CHAPTER
APRIES (MEMPHIS and evidently have served
I
may
THE PALACE OF MEMPHIS. After
1.
the close of the excavations at
camp was moved
our
Memphis
to
Qurneh
to continue the
work of the previous season, recorded in Memphis I. Mr. Wainwright left Ourneh three weeks before me, in order to study at the Cairo museum, and to begin the arrangements at Memphis. I went down on February, and Mr. Mackay followed twelve days lo left later after packing. I on 21 April and Mr. Wainwright soon after, Mr. Mackay staying on till near the middle of May. The greater part of our work was spent upon the large mound at the north end of Memphis, which
we found to be the site of the royal The general appearance of it is a two hundred
PI.
east,
I.
The
from a sighted
is
in
PI.
by
taping,
out along the wall east of the ties
across the great
Plumb-lines
were constantly used for sighting and measuring. The clearance was over two acres of ground, to a depth of ten or fifteen feet in most parts, the largest Last season I clearance made this year in any site. had seen that there were walls remaining on the top of the mound, and therefore we ranked a row of workmen along each side of the ridge, and began steadily clearing inwards until they met in the middle. walls are
all
of black
mud
brick, with
stone linings around the lower part of the halls, stone floors to the halls,
The
and stone doorways and stairways.
walls are from
10 to 22 feet in thickness, gener-
about 14 feet. They vary in age, some being patched on the top with later brickwork, some being built up from the floor of Apries, while many extend down far into the mound, covered with plaster, ally being
It
some and some
inserted
way up the older walls, with some repairs, new construction added. The disentanglement
of
history of construction, and of the changes
of
the
need careful work
levels, will
we only
present
in
future
;
but for the
The
deal with the level of Apries.
history of these changes seems clear.
As
a dynasty
decayed, the roofs were not kept in good state, the winter rains ran into the walls, large masses the tops of the walls after a heavy storm, fell
in
then
;
damaged
when a new order of
fell
some
ofif
roofs
things arose, the
parts were taken down, the floors were
all
up with the rubbish, the sound walls were trimmed and patched, new walls were built where the decay was beyond repair, and the whole palace was restored at a higher level. Thus about seventy feet
levelled
depth of
artificial
construction stands between the
primitive ground level
and the
floor of Apries.
Much
building up a cellular substructure of brick shafts
court to fix the squareness of the whole.
The
is
X, and the plan of the palace
new broadway, with diagonal
2.
Apries
of the north end has been successively extended by
The view
plan was entirely measured line laid
for previous palaces.
level of
of the whole,
of brick at the south end.
in
long ridge about
and four hundred feet from some immense walled enclosures
feet wide,
the north end up to
from the
palace of Apries.
be said that the
II)
domed kratis
over, like the platforms of the forts of
and Daphnae
;
but the rest of the
site
Naushews
earlier courts in the lower levels. 3.
The
general scheme of the building was that
it
occupied the north-west corner of the great fortified
camp
of about thirty acres, at the north end of the
ruins of
was a
Memphis.
Along the west
side of the
line of three great enclosures,
fortress
mound.
The
ruined and built over
enclosures to the ;
camp
and the palacesouth are
that next to the palace has
been cleared out by the sebakhin for earth, leaving a square of massive walls standing about forty feet high all the interior of this is empty, and we cannot ;
was destroyed. was a roadway, Through this great square with a wide gate on the south, and another on the north opposite to it. This latter is shewn on the plan, PI. I, by two white lines across the thick wall at the foot of the plate. They mark the sides of the This crate, subsequently built up with brickwork.
know what
it
contained before
there
it
THE PALACE OF gateway palace great
another
to
led
south
the
in
face
of the
from which the "old broad way" led to the The view up the old broadway is court.
given on PI. X, and the front of the brick blocking of the entrance is shewn at the base of PI. XII. After this entrance was blocked there was a later entrance above it, of which a corner of the stone wall and paving still remains, sec on the left of PI. X, and on the plan, the shaded corner. The whole of
account
this PI.
I
is
written to accord with reference to
which should be kept
in view.
new approach
In the reconstruction of Apries a to the palace
more
rather
was
"
A
to the cast.
seen at the foot of of the
through a mass of building
laid out,
PI.
I, is
new broadway."
the palace,
is
the bottom of
gateway
in
the wall,
is
the east of this are remains of another
the outline on the plan across the hall marking
the stone paving yet in place.
must group have been a corridor giving access to the of But three halls in the middle of the east side. denudation of the mound has removed that part. These three halls were all stone-paved and lined, like But nearly all the that shewn in the photograph. stone has been removed, and it is only marked by the white plaster from behind it which is left on
Along the eastern
some parts arc marked Beyond
these
level of the fields.
stone tanks or cists
broadway
the
halls
blocked across.
isolating
Two
of the walls.
direct access to the
tliem,
side of the palace there
here in the broadway.
Between
above the
far
To
in length.
hall,
exactly opposite the end
a fosse about twenty feet deep, though it
MEMI'lIIS
seems^that
It
mandara
this block cut off the
it
;
could
still
was on PI. XIIIa one slab fell shewn at the foot of PI. XIII,
corner.
9 feet between these berms. The two faces of the berms are marked by lines on the plan the southern berm does not extend beyond the cast part of the
leaning out, with the cast of the brick
fosse,
the northern
berm runs the whole length of
Next beyond that was
doubtless the guardroom.
the kitchen, with the brick fire-places against the north wall.
Then
still
standing
a wide doorway, D,
opened on the right, leading to the stone-lined halls. South of the doorway was a stone door, C, E, of which the sill and lintels still remain the lintels are shewn at the top of PI. XIII. This door led through one hall to another, on the south, which is the best It is marked XIII in the preserved of the halls. plan, and shewn in the photograph in the upper The floor was built sloping down part of PI. XIII. to a drain, which had a leaden tank in the head of it. This tank was 290 x 34-4 inches, and 7 to lO'S inches deep it was removed to the Cairo Museum. The covering of the drain was partly gone, as seen I had it thoroughly searched as far as in the view possible, but nothing was found. Doubtless it discharged into the fosse on the other side of the wall. :
;
;
The
partly forward,
limestone flooring
stone with thick
consisted
slabs
laid
of
deep beams
over them.
The
fine white Mokattam limestone, about 8 inches thick, 3* feet high and up to 10 feet
lining slabs are of
L
and
is
;
the plaster on the back of
doorway between these
it.
halls
courses in
Half of the stone
A
place.
is still in
brick has been added
dividing-wall of
On
going up the new broadway there was a hall opening on the west, with a bench along the west and north sides. By its position this was
of
In the north-cast halls the stone lining
thinner, as in the section
one
in
thin hall,
built against the stone lining.
the palace wall. 4.
be reached
through the Great Court and a hall, or perhaps by some passage now destroyed round the north-cast
This was doubtless crossed by a draw-bridge. Each side of the fosse has been partly built up as a berm, so that the space of .33 feet wide is narrowed to
:
been
has
Returning now to the Great Court, the entrance
5.
to
has been
it
partly cut
away
the
at
south-east.
had settled down in a hollow region here, and so hardened the ground that the workmen did not distinguish the wall from the fallen bricks around it. As I was unwell, and not able to visit it myself The just then, the end of the wall was removed.
The
rains
court
feet),
in
by sighting out the the north all
below
far
the west
is
it
I383'9
the middle I383'5, at the east, wall,
13921 (116
I292'2 inches (107
it is
than the
sides arc older
descend
On
nearly square.
is
inches (115
feet).
feet).
The
On
the
walls on
work of Apries, and covered with plaster
his floor-level,
facing.
In the midst of the court
the
floor,
shewn
at
the
is
a stone cist sunk in
base of
PI.
XII.
It
is
accurately placed, being only 8'6 inches west of the centre of the court, and but one inch north of the centre.
Over
inches
inside
;
inches.
The
E. 57'4,
W.
all it
the block is
6825
is
857 x 644 and 64S
to 68-4
seating for a cover
S7'3.
The
x 470
to 47-2
N. 78-s, S. 78-55, accuracy of it is therefore a is
matter of hundredths of an inch. The depth is less regular, being at N.E. 347, S.E. 317, S.VV. 32-4, N.W. 34"9 to the ledge. The ledge is vi to 1-4
THE GREAT COURT deep, to be added to the above depths. The sides draw together 'i to 2 inch at the corners, but as a whole they are very flat and finely wrought. The purpose of this cist is not known. It was not for water, as there is no hole in it, and no drain or catch to gather in water at the top.
It is
a monolith, so
that it must have been protected from the rain, or it would hold what fell on it. The contents up to the ledge do not agree with any of the large standards of measure used in Egypt or other countries, nor have the dimensions any exact relation to each other. The outside is rough, and was not intended to be
The only purpose
seen.
that
I
can suggest
that
is
the throne in the centre of the court was lowered
and covered with a stone slab, so that it But it could not be robbed of its gold fittings. would seem strange to prefer such protection instead of removing the throne to a locked chamber. into
it,
To
the south-east of
circular in form.
and
23" 5 deep,
5
This
another monolith
is
it
is
cist,
43 'S inches across inside,
inches thick in the sides.
About the middle of the Great Court are lying the drums and capitals of limestone columns, 6.
on each quarter " Horus, uah ab suten Horus (on) nubti, nebti, neb khopesh baty Haa-ab-ra si en Ptah." These blocks suaz taui mainly lie from 12 to 16 feet south of the central But no pavement or bases exist to shew the cist. There were certainly original place of the columns. The three of them, and probably many more. diameters are 597 inches under the capital, 6yo inches The at 93'6 down, and probably 72 at the base. inscribed
;
;
;
;
;
blocks of the capital are 32
ins.
high at the top of
lost, 297 high below that, Probably the and 2S'9 high divided into S bands. whole capital was 118 inches high, agreeing with
the palm, then one block
the proportions of the monolith capital found in one of the halls, PI. XII. From a comparison of the dimensions with those of the standard palm capitals at Ehnasya, the total height must have
been about 520 inches, or 43^ feet. To what kind of structure could these columns
There are but three proven, and It seems difficult those all together near the middle. to suppose a peristyle colonnade around the sides of the court, as in the courts of Egyptian temples or a general hypostyle, like the temples, and like the Persian palaces, as no fragments were found except To realise the situation, in the middle of the court. we must consider what the relation of the columns Approximately the to the court must have been. have belonged
?
;
is 107 feet wide the columns 43J feet high, 6 feet wide at base, and 16 feet between them if spaced as in the portico of Ehnasya. If the columns filled the court there would have been 4x4; being 6 feet diameter, the spaces would be 16J feet E. to W. and 18 feet N. to S. Such a space is not at all improbable, as cedar beams were used for roofing. If there were only a central group of columns to shade the throne, two each way would not suffice, as there would be only 14 feet of roof from the middle, which at 43 feet high would be useless against sun, wind, or rain. There might be 3 x 3 columns, but then the centre and axis would be occupied by columns, leaving no space for a throne or central ceremony. It seems then that a closed hypostyle hall of 4 x 4 columns filling the whole of the Great Court is the only form that is likely for a columnar structure here. 7. Beyond the Great Court a large stone gateway led into the hall, about 35x29 feet. On each side That on the west, marked of this is a narrower hall. " workshop," had a bench all round the sides, shewn in the right side of the photograph at the top of
court
PI.
;
XII.
This bench
doubtless for
workmen
is
to
about 39 to 46 inches wide, sit on as a diwan. In the
middle area was a rough box of stone slabs, probably It was destroyed by a tank for water used in work. stone-seekers before being planned.
room
large
All about this
quantities of scrap bronze were
found,
mainly many pounds of nail tips, broken off after long bronze nails had been driven through planks. At the west edge of the area was a small hole in the floor filled with sand, evidently a workman's hidingplace. In it was the silver and gold fitting shewn on PI.
XIV.
North of all the other buildings is a wide space, the north end has been with walls on three sides This open space seems to entirely denuded away. be the equivalent of the wide court with a colonnade ;
found on the north of private mansions, as at Kahun it was used for general public reception, in the shade In the mansions this of a portico facing the north. being a long passage there shewn by is public use
;
from the entrance door, without It was interfering with the rooms of the house. Egyptian inandara modern therefore the same as the The plan of the whole palace is or reception hall. closely on the same lines as the mansions of the to give direct access
Xllth dynasty
—the
entrance on the south, the long
straight passage leading right through to the inandara
on the north, the servants' quarters and kitchens to
THE PALACE OK MEMPHIS the west, the great court behind them, and the best
vary from 52-0 to 33-9.
rooms of the women's quarters on the
the lower block remains, D,
Of
cast.
the portico in the maiidara there remain the tops
They were
of two capitals.
as the other columns of the Great Court, so that they
were probably position
XI
PI.
;
They
all alike.
in
PI.
the
title
In the old
G
of nearly the same size
shewn
arc
XII, middle, and
in
of 50-foot columns
of the breadth across the. palm tops
;
is
general
in
near view
in
given because
this
is
i
The
the other columns.
step 5
abacus
:
The
but they were brilliantly painted.
and abacus,
i
\ feet
feet for
i
foot
;
column of rafters and
about 47i feet over all. The viandara portico however have been higher.
only 21-2 wide inside,
the door thickness, leaving
less
when open.
18 inches or less
a small postern door.
It
must have been
has running round
It
In the fosse opposite the
new broadway
of a small doorway (J in XIII.\). door much exposed to the weather. sill
clear
passages,
in
instead
its
of
chambers, and the extreme thickness of the walls (19 and 22 feet), suggest that a tower stood here dominating the
Such would be the most suitable and it is likely that some higher
fosse.
position for a tower,
look-out would be provided at the palace-fort.
mound now
the
stands,
it
As
gives a good view of the
and defence. the new broadway
sacrificed for strength
mouth of K, from a gateway side. Inside the
It
it
tower rising above that would be of the greatest value for observing up and down the Nile plain, as well as
H,
J,
entrance to the broadway,
over the deserts.
main
Court, has most of the stone
9.
in PI.
doorway
still
in
place,
XII. blocks
we must which lie we have already
about the
ruins.
The columns
of stone-work
described. Si.x
limestone lintels are lying perfect on the ground.
profiles of
them are given
in PI. XIIL\, the referon the plan PI. I. That marked A is at the gateway of the building south of the fosse, the block below the roll is lost. B lies at the entrance from the old broadway to the Great Court. C and
ence
E
letters are
are the inner and outer sides of a
south-east halls.
D
doorway
to the
from the adjacent doorway in F belongs to the door of the
a block,
From
gate,
J
was probably the outer face. and K all belong to the one
the outer
K
sill
being the side of the
of the postern, and
breadth of the inner side of
The
H
in
J,
L
H
The
203, might expand
the length of the gateway.
section of the stone lining of the N.E. hall
is
XIIlA. 10. The brickwork of the palace should be noticed. The sizes of bricks were measured in twenty-nine walls, several measurements in each wall being taken on the best defined parts. The average size in each given as
wall
is
put
in
in
here quoted.
The
11-4
X
various sizes
may be mostly
groups, with not more variation in a group
than might well occur
is
new broadway. middle north hall. The length of C is 150-9 at top and 126-6 below, the ends turning outward in a cavetto. The heights from below the roll to the top
the
is
the inner top of the postern or side entrance.
In connection with the general plan
various
The
possible that
It is
to 21-2 of
notice the
actual
has a strong batter, with
a roll moulding well back from the gateway.
the lock or bolt hole
shewn
The
opening of the jambs was only 153 wide; so that it must have been needful to sidle through the doorway J. The narrowness of these doors opening from the palace on to the berm shews how much was
desert valleys on both sides of the Nile, and a high
The chamber marked XII, south-west of the Great
the
lies
was an outer The jamb seems have been advanced over the line drawn for it,
to
not
an
it
sides.
It
as the weathering does not reach that.
is
i\ to
bcrm is the lintel XIIIa) or head-block of a small doorway,
may
The south-west corner meaning. The three narrow
rise
the east end of the north
in
roof, or
S.
was a
there
that
unusual moulding of a beading with sloping
base, 43^ feet
of beams, and
broadway lies These shew A.
1
380, the tread 13^ to 14 inches, the
is
At
height of the Great Court walls must
full
have been about \\
of which
lintel
inches.
(M
inscriptions are very care-
being merely scratched on one side of the
lessly cut,
XI 1
tallest
72 5 high, over all. a block of stone steps,
and they may well have come from the tower, which appears to have been immediately to the west of this. The width of
against
;
PI.
is
regular access to a higher level
\o\\ as
976 inches in the Great Court, which would imply a heiijht of 49 or 50 feet but the size of the abacus would imply that they were the same size as
in
The
5'6
X
in
one
lot
of bricks.
room
4'i
Late, square
47 45
Late, E. wall of N.E. hall.
in old
broadway.
1-9
5-7
I2-I
59
131
7'2
S'l
Early, E. wall of w/rtwif^ni.
^I'l
67
5-2
South berm
1
Filling
up of old broadway.
in fosse.
'
THE BRICKWORK 7*8
14-9
7-1
5-3
rs-6
7-8
S-i
North berm in fosse. S.W. walls below tower
79
4-8
Passage
?
5?
Gate
1
6-6
166 160
X
Enclosure
147 X
4-8
W.
r70
S. of old broadvvay.
filling S.
(?).
Great Court.
hall N. of
of old broadway.
side of old broadway, very fine
?
brick and joints.
18-2 l6'2
76
5-2
E. of same.
'6-8^
80
5-4
E. of same, low.
170
8-5
5-6
171
8-3
S-2
Gate filling S. of old broadway. East wall of Great Court, low.
17-2
86
5-2
Block across new broadway,
XIII
PI.
base.
I80J
late.
Kitchen.
17-4
Pit sides
below S.W. tower, low. E.N.E. corner, low.
Pit sides at
N. wall inserted
same, low.
in
N. wall of Great Court, low.
Top E. wall of mandara, late. W. wall of Great Court, low. S. wall of
Great Court.
N. wall of N.E.
W.
wall of
Building
hall.
Armour
S.
hall.
of palace, at A.
S. face of palace. Pit side,
W,
in
E.N.E. corner.
We can distinguish some parts as being probably contemporary by the sizes of the bricks, such as the 179 X 8'9 and the iS'i x 9'i and this gives some presumption of relative age. But it is clear that the same size might recur later, such as I7'6 x 84, which must be far later than the other 175 179 bricks. ;
—
CHAPTER
II
THE SCULPTURED PYLON. Quite independently
II.
of
work on the
the
Apries palace a discovery of a different age was
made
there, in the course of
beginning part of the
At a much lower level, in the west end fosse, heaps of some dozens of blocks of
clearance.
of
the
limestone were found, each with one face sculptured.
They had
evidently
belonged
its
Most of
this
whole in to VIII.
PI.
a
large
pylon,
had been about 22 feet wide on each side. has been recovered, and is shewn as a
intentionally taken down.
high below
to
lintel,
It
and 7
feet
IX, with the separate scenes in Pis. Ill
In these plates
I
have drawn every part
5
THE SCULPTURED PYLON we look scenes we if
uscrt
I,
as
closely at the profile of the ruler in these shall sec that
shewn
exactly that nf Scn-
is
it
in his statues,
when we remember
can a) a/ta figure. As we have shewn that it is impossible to place these figures of either side in any other scene, wc must accept this change of jointing. But it is still a difficulty to assign a reason for so deep a band of stars in the middle of a side. (Liverpool Museum.)
staff.
stars
below the
left
feature
side,
;
The
block on the left could not be put above or below this and its level is proved by its bottom joint. The lower part of the king's figure, two officials behind him, one man before him, and a corner of a shrine, are all continuous, so 15. PI.
IV.
into the sec nes
that
this part
;
is
And
beyond question.
running through at the base of
/ie6
the joint
leaves the feet
connected to the scene below, the relation of which is
therefore certain.
The
relations of the palanquin
the
hawk and
less
clear points are the
and suten
vulture block.
The
ines block,
and
suten mes block
must no The hawk and other place possible for it but here. vulture block with the tip of the flying vulture's wing and two standards, cannot go in PI. Ill by the space to the left of the standard, nor in PI. V which is complete in that part. Its place here is fi.\ed by the lower ends of the standards and the usual height of has a smooth right-hand come down this side of
the flying vulture.
The
edge, shewing that
the gateway.
it
There
top of the jackal
is
is
separate,
and might belong to the scene above. Two fragments of the lower wing of the vulture must be left-handed, and cannot go in either of the other scenes. The tips of two «lon was the entrance to the quarters of
the crown prince in the palace.
This seems to be the first of the scenes, as the apparatus of the ceremonies is being 22.
PI.
III.
brought out, and there is the address of the ofificials, " He is the leader of the living has, his heart is enlarged before the gods." Such an address is given
on the opening of the ceremonial at Luqsor (Moret, fig. 68). The same phrase " leader of
to the ruler
living ka'i " frequently occurs in the description of the
sovereign
Bahari\,
The
when Pis.
offering
to
the
gods,
e.g:
Deir
el
XI, XVIII, XIX, XXII.
objects brought are the two fans, which were
XXVlB), in the sed ceremony {flierakonpolis and which continually appear as insignia of a royal attribute, behind the king, as on this same plate. used
i,
;
THE INVESTITURE Below are two objects {pet)
these
;
beneath the
some
heaven
like half of the sign for
appear behind the king, usually It is possible that they belong to
also fan.
part of the miracle-play concerning the parting
The
of the heaven to receive the king.
lowest line
shews the an-mut-f priest in the leopard's skin, who and before him a man led part of the ceremonies bearing an object representing human shoulders and arms, covered with a cloth which hangs down over ;
the bearer. PI.
The meaning
of this
we
the other apparatus of the feast.
Before the ruler were doubtless two standards the
four
One
as
in
other is
scenes
where
this
part
is
the jackal standard of the god
" the lord of Siut " as he is on the coffin scenes {A.Z. XXXIX, V). He was the " opener of the ways," as the jackal finds the best paths over the desert ravines, and opens the way to The uraei before the jackal may be the wanderer. also way-finders, as in the myth of Alexander's being guided to the Oasis by two serpents who went in front of the army and showed the way to the oracle and back again (Arrian, Anabasis, III, iii). The curl in front is an ostrich feather, emblem of " lightness or space, " the shed-shed which is in front
Up-uati of the South,
called
in
which the king's soul was believed to ascend into The whole group is that of the god who
heaven.
was
to guide the soul across the western desert to
A
heavenly home.
its
which has not been so clearly shewn before in this standard, is the arrow which pierces the jackal's heel, shewing him to be a The other god wounded in the heel see PI. VI. feature,
:
standard
is
that of Letopolis, representing a piece of
but its meaning here we cannot trace. Over the king is the flying vulture, the emblem
flesh,
of maternal protection, the goddess is
called in PI. V.
The
She presents
to
Nekheb
as she
him the
ring of
above is unfortunately lost, except the legs of a bird and a linear sign. 24. Behind the ruler are the three great officials who always here accompany him the kher heb, or reciter of the sacred books and services the semer " infinity."
who
official
Denk.
ii.
43)
is
carried
the
latter
inscription
:
;
title
(Lepsius,
and by an attendant behind, thus connecting
seal
his
has
shewn riding on a donkey holding while the threefold whip is stick,
in these scenes.
such, they are naturally brought with
preserved.
The
is
whip
hangings or curtains which secluded the scene of the
23.
who
these
and half heaven, especially in the dancing scenes as on PI. V. The source of these is shewn on the macehead of Nar-mer {Hierakonpolis i, XXVIb) where these semicircles touching are on either side of the ceremonial dancers, and appear to represent the
As
within the harem or private rooms of the palace, apparently another form of the aui khennu, he who is in the inner quarters of the palace.
he
with that of the etu khent
;
of the palace
otherwise written atn khent,
is
office
continually occur behind the sovereign, like the fan
ceremony.
and the em khent
who
shall notice with
In front of these are three semicircles
V.
commander
uati kherp aha, or peer and
Thus
who always has
his this
the royal chaplain, lord
steward, and lord chamberlain directed the ceremonies. The dress of the steward should be noticed it is most complete in PI. VII, but other examples should ;
be compared.
In
the right hand he holds a long
Around
staff vertically.
neck
his
is
slung a sort of
of the Hathor head, by a band marked off in This Hathor kilt of the kherp aha is seen divisions. kilt
again on the stele of Zara, the heq aha, or ruler of the palace, placed beneath his chair {Qurneh, Pis. II, III).
more or less connected with the row of four Hathor heads hanging from the belt of Nar-mer It
is
XXIX).
Across the chest there is Hanging down over the a double band, diagonally. shoulder is a string of alternately long and ball {H/erakoHpo/is
\,
beads, ending in a tassel
belongs, but
supporting the Hathor
;
it
not clear to what this
is
a counterpoise on the cord
may be
it
kilt,
to prevent that dragging
on the neck. In front
25. PI. IV.
is
a mention of the festival of
This might the hect determined by a hippopotamus. " /tez is to destroyer," as the refer to the conquest of waste or destroy, and the hippopotamus who ate up The steward the crops would have this character. Below it is a man, with superintended this festival. a corner remaining of a shrine which was before him. vulture Nekhebt, on a neb sign, rests on a plant
The of
the
south,
in
the
fullest
form that we know,
splendidly designed.
Behind the king is a mention of Upuati of the south, shewn by the tips of two ua signs and of a There is also the corner of a rectangular res sign. sisn. the nature of which is not clear, any more than The palanquin the meaning of Upuati coming here. containing the royal child, suten mes, is often shewn there are here two in V, and two in in these scenes ;
probable that the original purport of the the royal daughters was for their marof presence riage to the new king, so that he might inherit the VI.
It is
kingdom through them. At the 26. PI. V.
left
is
a
mention
of
the
THE SUBJECT OF THE PYLON SCENES
10
The he mace
" chiefs of the palace."
the palace
in
probably denotes the palace of Memphis, the mace being apparently the emblem of Memphis {Qunicli,
XLIV,
PI.
Next
13).
p.
Below much
mentioned.
the
is
"
but the palanquins
lost,
is
of Upuiti
" festival
were there the carved feet Below are made in the form of couchant ibexes. these is the goddess Nut supporting the heaven, and royal children
of the
calling
"Come and
speech
the
of
addressed
to
XXXIX,
VI).
The
title
come and
bring,
crown
Compare
bring."
"Come
Osiris-king
the
the
;
prince
in
him
before
peace" {A.Z.
it
belongs to a neighbouring nomc, Prosopis, Libya,
Being part of a body it is likely that and of all those the only
or Mctelis. it
is
a relic of Osiris
one that
word, denoting limits or boundaries, appears to
body or
sides of the
other limits such as
Now
the
soles
it
of
is
mean
also applied to
the
the
or
feet
the
chest
;
along the top
apparently
is
"The good
relic
with the vulture head-dress, mistress of the southern
nome.
of the king Osiris preserved
Of what
to the throne
see the same, p. 1022.
in Christianity.
;
is
called "
Son of Ra beloved by the
His attitude and objects are those seen
in
with
the
in
Metelite
use was this in the investiture of the heir
For the place Hezt see Lanzone, Dis. Mitol. CCCXLIX, 3, and CCCL and for the head-dress
palace."
The king
chest, but
and arms which appear here would agree well to such a meaning. We reach the position then that this is a human chest and arms, possessing authority and life that it therefore belongs to a deified king, and that it therefore is probably the temples.
deity of the place Nekhebt and of the place Hezt
gods."
;
be is the zernu preserved in the Metclite Serajieum (iJc Rougtl', Gt'ograf^liie 41). This can
it
Here we turn
?
to a survival of
In the Metelite
custom
nome was Alexandria,
great seat of Osiris-Scrapis worship in the
its
immense
Serapeum.
The
high
priest
was called
Before him is dance before the Osiris-king. Uazit the serpent goddess of the north in conjunction with the hawk name. The base of the northern plant is seen to be really copied from the scales or horny plates which surround the stems it is often
the patriarch (Philostratos, Life of Apollonios, V, 25), whence the title seems to have been assumed for the
confounded with water lines in later times. Below that is the title of Tahuti "lord of Khcmennu,"
(Stanley, Lectures on tlu Eastern Church,
apparently over
with the Serapeum, and with the
his
;
the
the god.
of
figure
Parts
of
27. Behind the king is carried the strange object which we noticed in the first scene. This is frequently represented, along with the emblems of the fan and half heaven, behind the kings, as for instance on the It has been generally lintel of Merenptah PI. XXI. thought to be a scorpion, and connected with the godBut no meaning has been discovered dess Selket. it.
In the exquisitely delicate carvings of this
pylon, the details of
it
plainly
not a scorpion, but that
shew that it is certainly arms and shoulders
the
are clearly those of a man.
In this instance
a cylinder seal hanging from one
arm
;
this is
it
has
never
borne by the gods, but belongs to royalty or deputies of a king. In other cases it has an ankh hanging
from each arm i^Deir el Bahari XI, XLV, XClll) and sometimes two ankhs on each arm {D.B. CX). This shews that it is a potent agent, having or giving
A
life.
further step
the
same emblem appear
of
Sety
I
{Abydos
belongs to a
nome
i,
;
is
gained when we see
as a standard in the scene
28 d).
and
it
standards of Sais and Letopolis.
And
each Christian
laying on him
This shews that it between the
occurs
Probably therefore
was consecrated by
patriarch
the dried hand of the
first
patriarch
I, iii, 7).
We
can hardly doubt that this was a custom taken over
from the older worship.
other signs remain below the king's elbow.
for
bishop on taking over the Serapeum to Christianity.
If
then
title
in
of Patriarch,
the principal
Serapeum of the Metelite nome an arm was used it seems to descend from the arms of Osiris which were preserved there, and which for consecration,
were used times as
in
we
the investiture of the ruler from early
see in these scenes.
These arms therefore were perhaps at first the actual dried arms of the Osiris-king, preserved when In his body was cut up in far prehistoric times. historic ages they were probably a cartonnage model of a chest and arms which were carried to the investiture, and laid on the shoulders of the new ruler to confer the virtues of the royal office. 28.
PI.
VI.
already described is
Most in
of
these
previous parts.
we have The main group
figures
the cluster of six palm trees around a lake, with
between the palms. The two left shrines drawn in broken line, as being mostly destroyed. The locality of this group is shewn by the bennu bird on a stand, which belonged to Heliopolis. Further, the bennu occurs, with the same place name Debakheru, in the entry on the Palermo stone under king Userkaf, and in connection there with Heliopolis, as shrines
are
;
THE
VISIT
TO HELIOPOLIS
Mr. F. W. Green has pointed out. This grove of palms around a lake was, then, at Heliopolis. Now Piankhy in his investiture (stele, loi, 102) when at Heliopolis went to wash in the pool of Kebh, and bathed his face in the river of Nun in which Ra
The king
bathes.
therefore
here going to
is
the
lake of Heliopolis, the Aj'n esh Shems, or Fountain of the Sun, as a part of his 29. PI.
The
VII.
similar to that on PI. V,
ceremony of
inscription
investiture.
the
naming Nekhebt
The king
of the south land.
at
top
was
as mistress
here invested with a
is
long woollen scarf over the shoulder.
Now
Piankhy
II
had been painted the beginning The next dated object of Khabbash (XXVI, 10) who held
cartouche, on which of the is
name
of Cambyses.
the sling bullet
Memphis 486-484 tion
after
There was rough reconstruc-
B.C.
XXVIth
the
dynasty,
who appears
as
the
slab
402
B.C.,
there
Aramaic
(PI.
is
to
a copy of a date on a document in
Probably of the Persian age is Herodotos men-
XVI).
the large quantity of scale armour.
tions the Persians wearing " sleeved breastplates with
after
iron scales like those of a fish" (VII, 61); and,
Ra
later,
bathing at Heliopolis went to the temple of wearing the scdeb garment, which is determined
by the loop of a that
this
scene
ceremonial
scarf (line
is
dress.
It
103).
the
his
visit
to
At
the
top
the
seems then
temple
in
the
steward, and
probably the chaplain, were shewn engaged
in
the
having accompanied the king to the temple following behind him. Before him are two men dancing, superintended by the chamberlain.
ceremony,
after
Am or country camp, the There may be an districts. town U allusion to the am, or camp, where the king resided for the ceremonies, as Piankhy states (line loi). This is by far the least complete 30. PI. VIII. of all the scenes. Probably the two standards should be inserted, as I have done in the drawing of the whole pylon on PI. IX. We can only say that the king was going to a group of shrines where the three high officials and the an-mut-f priest awaited him. One
is
the
other of the
man
of the
or
Possibly this represented the visit to the temple of
Ra, the bark of Ra, and the bark of Atum, described
by Piankhy as the
last
of his ceremonies of inves-
titure.
We
have now traced these ceremonies so
far as
the defective state of this pylon
allows.
more fragments may be found
future work, and
in
Possibly
help to explain the subjects further.
Ammianus
31.
THE OBJECTS FROM THE PALACE. The things found in the palace were
to all the inflections of the
not
after the time
of Apries. there was
body" (XXIV,
vii,
8);
were clothed in steel, in such a way that their bodies were covered with strong plates, so that the hard joints of the armour fitted every
and
"all the troops
limb of their bodies"
(XXV,
i,
12).
Then
there
is
the
Pharaoh but one, 361-359 B.C., which shews that this was still the royal residence to The moving of the court to the end of the kingdom. have left the place deserted Alexandria seems to no Ptolemaic pottery has been found in the palace, but some little lead models of silver trays cannot be earlier than the first century B.C., and might well be of the second century A.D. There must have been some residents here even down to Roman times. In the workshop of the palace 32. PI. XIV. there had been hidden, in a hole in the floor, a massive silver casting, weighing a pound, with gold and bronze inlay of the head of Hathor. The square silver frame has two horizontal bars from the lower corners, which run back some way and then turn up into two upright bars. On examination the whole of the silver faces were seen to be polished bowl of Zeher, the
last
still
reflecting
— except
the upright
marks remaining.
file
It is
bars
evident
then that the upright ends were let into another body and hidden. In the square front all the edges are
numerous, but they were mostly of unusually fine we might expect, and they throw light
Among some
10),
ii,
were covered from head to foot with thin they plates of iron like the feathers of a bird" (XXIV, iv, 15), "this armour of theirs being singularly adapted
which shewed the
quality, as
ture,
limb" (XXIV,
"
—
IV
on the length of use of the building
much
describes that " they had plates of
iron closely fitting over every
the polish
CHAPTER
of
have been also called Aahmes-si-neit-rannu, was brought probably from Of the time of Artaxerxes II, his tomb (PI. XVII). Tha-ast-en-amu,
small pieces of late coloured sculp-
one with a fragment of a blank
sharp except the under side of the top bar which this shews that a strap passed through it is round ;
to pull upwards.
The
original position of this piece
seems to have been on the pole of a palanquin to attach a strap of the awning. The upright spikes were fixed into the under side of the pole, the beneath the pole, and the
horizontal bars passed
;
THE OHJECTS FROM THE PALACE
12
face appeared on the side of the pole.
Hathor
pold face
were
is
bronze
of
bronze has
The
hair
strips
of
highl)- burnished.
with
inlaid
chanjijed
to
bri.L:ht
and
the gold carbonate of
green
A
Tlic collar ;
ver)'
unusual figure
is
that of the
god Tahuti
made in green glaze of the age. The absence of a waist
as an ibis-headed man, style of the
cloth
is
Persian
unknown
in
such
figures,
the
holes
for
copper, amid which shine the polished gold threads of inlay. Of course this unique piece stays in the
earrings are unusual, and the hole at the back to hold
Cairo Museum.
College, London.)
Two
33.
fine pieces
of ivory work arc the lotus,
and the man bearing offerings of birds (Edinburgh). Probably both of these were attached to ebony furIhc lotus may have come from the side of niture. a throne, and the offerer from a casket or small object. Though the work is minute and careful, it is but a crude copy of the early style, and cannot be compared with works of the Pyramid age. The head of a sistrum in pale green stone-ware It is rare is a good piece of the conventional style. to get these fragile articles even as complete as this, which lacks the handle. (Oxford.) The piece of a bowl of deep blue glaze was found It belonged in the fosse opposite the old broadway. to King Zeher, in Greek Teos, of whom only two It reads "Son of the stone inscriptions are known. sun, lord of the crowns, Zeher sotep en Anhur, king of Upper and Lower Egypt, lord of both shores, Ar-maat-en-Ra, gifted with life like the sun. Manifested in heaven (beloved ?) of the gods." (University College, London.) 34.
PI.
XV.
In the N.E. hall of the palace
some
an Amen (Reading Mus.), but of ordinary work, large a very perfect Ptah (Reading), an Ibis with very thick legs (Reading), and a baboon (Boston). The latter has an inscribed bronze figures were found
base, "
drawn
at
the
foot
:
of
PI.
XI 1
1
A.
It
reads
Aqanush, son of Pe-dy-bastet, his mother Ta-dy-hor-nezem." An Akanuash was prince of Sebennytos about 730-710 B.C., and this figure may well have been dedicated by a son or grandson of his. Another bronze base, without a figure (foot of PI. XIIIa) reads " Horus the child (Harpokratcs) the great god who is over Letopolis give all life and Tahuti lord of truth give
life
to
health to Pe-dy-asar, son of Pa-khred-em-shedu, born of the lady of the house Ta-adh-en-mer
"
(the
papyrus
of the lake).
Two
lead models of the
bossed figures are unusual.
Roman The
lanx with emsubjects
are
a
gryphon fighting a boar, another chasing a stag two cupids on dolphins and two cupids and a crane. The other dish has cakes, flowers, grapes, and a crater. (University College, London.) ;
a relic
35.
is
A
very rare
in
(University
pottery figures.
piece of a clay impression of a Persian seal
shews the king fighting a winged demon. Many clay jar-covers were found, which had been .sealed in a A finger-hole was left through the clay curious way. cap after fixing the official tester could dip a rod in and verify the contents of the jar, and then a little dab of clay over the finger-hole could be stamped with the signet of the inspector. This enabled the The actual sealing to be done cleanly and quickly. subjects of the seals are (i) Victory offering a wreath to a crowned uraeus, a record of triumph by some Egyptian king (2) Bull-headed man in short tunic, the human Apis (3) A woman holding a spear and ;
;
;
feeding an ibis
;
An
(4)
heroic figure standing with
knee bent upward. The photographs are one half larger than the seals, and the surrounding rough ground has been darkened to shew up the seals more the
left
clearly. 36.
PI.
XVI.
Great Court
In a hole on the south side of the
were
there
four alabaster jars
shewn
found
the
pieces
this plate.
in
of the
They had
deliberately thrown in and broken must have been done by the owner at some invasion, when it was wished to prevent them falling into a conqueror's hands, probably on the Persian invasion. (Boston, Bristol, Univ. Coll. London, 2.) IJ. The fragment of limestone with an Aramaic graffito has also a bird, a ship, and other stray marks. The scratched graffito is a rough copy of a better written ink one just above it, which is not visible in The copy and transliteration into the photograph. Hebrew are given at the base of PI. XIIIa. I have to thank Mr. Cowley of the Bodleian Library for the He writes " The upper line (in reading of this. written first. The lower (scratched) ink) was evidently The four letters to line is a very rough copy of it. In the lower line the right were the most difficult. they are almost unrecognisable, and the beth just on However there is no doubt the edge is very faint. about the reading On the first of Ab, year 2 of Artaxerxes.' The formula is the same as that used in the Assuan papyri published by Sayce and me,
evidently been
and
;
this
:
—
'
documents. The inked writing does have been done by a person who was not seem to
and
in similar
THE SCALE ARMOUR really familiar with the character.
had
looks as if he document dated
It
tried to imitate the writing of a
Artaxerxcs II. It may Jewish document, but not necessarily. The scratched line is too roughly done to give any indication of
have been a
in the reign of
date."
(Oxford.)
The scale armour is of the size here shewn, we have already noted its Persian origin at Pi. XVI The scales 5-15,29-32 the beginning of this chapter. From the thinness are of iron, 16-28 are of bronze. 38.
;
probable that they were of steel, steel was already iron would be too flexible
of the iron scales as soft
it is
;
used centuries before this by
may
common
been
well have
short small
scales,
18,
19,
Assyrians,
the
The
to the Persians.
were probably
The
the
for
hand prevents any
gauntlets, where the lightness of the
very heavy cut being given.
.so
it
13
palace, under the tower, there
was found an inscribed
slab used in reconstruction along with brickwork.
It
seems to have been brought from a tomb, and to have probably been a door-jamb. The moulding has been broken away from the reverse side to fit it for The obverse is in relief, and coloured. It building. other cartouche
wanting
is
of the diadems."
name
the royal
along the top lines as the
incomplete
clearly
is
kheper-ka-ra
remembrance, or whether
XXXth
The
dynasty.
copied on
is
it
that of Senusert
is is
I
in
of Nekht-neb-f in the
reverse
the
of
inscription
XXV.
PI.
"son of the sun, lord first whether
after
not obvious at
It is
The massive
block
was
unfortunately broken by extreme violence in shipping. It
now
is
dealt with
at
The
Cambridge.
by Dr. Walker
in
inscription will
be
the last chapter.
longer scales were
some which are very thick being probably for the shoulders and hips, where the whole weight of the body is behind them. The long plates for the flexible parts,
with a
was
CHAPTER V SCULPTURES FROM TEMPLES AND
mid-rib were for the limbs where no flexure
The block
required.
of plates,
5,
shew how they
each plate overlapped the were placed together previous up to the mid-rib, which prevented any weapon from catching in below a plate. How the there is no trace mid-ribs were made is not clear The only method that of any groove on the back. seems possible is that they were stamped with a swage while hot, being struck from a rod about as thick as the rib, and about a quarter of the width of the Most of the plates have a slight dome present plate. curve in them both ways, which must have been given by the swages this rendered them far stiffer against blows, and made the edges keep close when the muscles shifted beneath them. The lines of stitch ;
;
;
40. PI.
In the foundations of Ramessu
XVIII.
the temple of Ptah,
in
of earlier dates, there
the Old
Kingdom
is
among
other re-used
one which
temple.
It
Although weathered, the lion upon a stand looking to the the stem of the stand must have occupied the
shrine of the lion god. is
clearly seen, regardant,
right
;
space below,
down
being shewn below
to niiter ast, the divine dwelling
in the primitive form,
scales
16,
17 with two rows of stitching
were for parts where they were laid three or four deep, and only the curved tip shewed outside. (Univ. Coll. and twelve museums.) With the armour were two types of arrow-heads of bronze, five with three blades and sharp edges, and six of solid triangular form. The blade type was for flesh wounds on bare parts the solid head for piercing armour. It should be noted that both types are wanted at the same period, and were used together, as otherwise they might be supposed to be of different ages. For a summary of the ;
dispersion
of the
three-bladed form
Prehistoric Civilizations of Anau, 39. PI.
XVII.
i,
see Pumpelly,
183-6.
In the south-west
corner of the
of inter-
;
XlXth nome
lion " in the
and
of the Delta, on the north-
quite possible that lion worship
existed in the early times at Tell
The
made
woven palm sticks. The main place of lion worship was Leontopolis in the Delta near the northern Athribis but there was probably also a " town of the east border
scales.
probably from
ing holding the uas sceptre, and in front of him the
beside the end holes which occur in
the plates and
is
II
blocks
represents a god stand-
holes are seen clearly in 24, 29, 30 along the edge, all
CITY.
;
it is
el
Yehudiyeh and
at
Bubastis where the lion-headed goddess was dominant.
We
cannot prove to which of these centres the
shrine here should be referred. 41.
(Brussels.)
In the temple enclosure of Merenptah, in the
foreign quarter, a part of the actual temple has been
The plan
cleared this year. after the
whole
a capital which
there in the
site is is
will appear in future, examined, but here we publish
obviously an older sculpture, re-used
XlXth
dynasty.
Just as
we recovered
an early lotus capital from that site last year {Memphis i, III), so we have now recovered two other capitals, probably of the Vth dynasty, brought away from the cemetery of like so much other material
—
Abusir or Saqqara.
—
These are of
a type
which
is
u
SCULPTURES FROM TEMPLES AND CITY
known represented in rclicf-carvings of scenes Vth dynasty, but which has never been seen round the
an
as
actual
Rose-lotus or
capital.
It
copied
is
of the in
the
from
Nelumbium, with flowers of the
blue lotus placed in the intervals between the points
of the buds.
The
shafts of
same region these capitals and
columns found
in the
were of the same diameter as
The
doubtless belonged to such.
re-use
A
it
;
is
at
at base,
;
Manchester.
hotep." relatives
Ptah
to
Sokar,
;
side.
finest of the steles from the Ptah temple
is
Amenhotep and Piaay. It is photographed on PI. XVIII and copied on PI. XXV. The adoration of the two human-headed birds on a dad is
water It
Probably they represent the ba birds or souls of the two deceased persons in the doorway of their tomb, to whom offerings and adoration are being
made.
probably therefore of Amenhotep
III.
(Brussels.)
In the camp, to the east of the
many
;
No
built over
but
;
the ruins were two colossal negro heads in
shewn
limestone, which are here.
and
to have been ruined
They
arc
front face
in
and
profile
at the back, and their purpose
flat
The work would XlXth dynasty. (Ny
and position are quite unknown. agree best with the style of the
A
Bristol.)
piece of a stele
is
of interest as bearing a good
and uninjured head of the god PI.
XXI.
The
Set.
great lintel of Merenptah
the gateway to the court of his temple salt,
;
it
is
is
over
cracked
but would be worth removal and
proper conservation.
At
XXIII.
44. PI.
of
Amenemhat
the top
This
II.
is
lying
is
a red granite lintel
amid other blocks
of granite of later date, apparently ruins of a late temple, to the east of the
Lake of Ptah, marked
T
on the plan PI. I Memphis 1. On the left side are two blocks of much defaced inscription from limeof stone columns, which are shewn in PI. in the middle of the Memphis I. The inscription
sculpture was discovered there
but apart from any building some
;
were found, (Boston), and another reliefs
one with the names of king Ay slab with a Sekhmet and king standing, the name unWork will be continued fortunately lost (Rochdale). but as it covers thirty on this ground in future acres, its whole clearance cannot be attempted. Further work was done on the building of Siamen but it was suspended, as we found fragments of stone ;
;
vases of the earliest dynasties,
and
it
on a thick block of limestone, the top of Perhaps it belonged to an insloped. scribed side-wall of a sloping ascent. It was found plate
which
is
is
building of Siamen. The single column in the middle below bears the ka name of Aahmes-si-Neit it in the
;
palace-fort,
only in one place pits and trenches were cut were definite remains of a building plan found, a great structure with sand-bed for foundations, about ten feet wide.
court of the
XXV
(Manchester.)
Another piece of clustered column was PI. XIX. found like that of last year {Memphis i, XXV). It has a band of ducks hanging round the upper part, the same design as in the work of Akhenaten {Tell el Amarna, VII). But it is finer than his work and 42.
the west of the
recover the side wall of the court.
level, to try to
seemed
among
that of
unusual.
To
XX.
43. PI.
temple of Mcrenptah a wide cutting was made, to
and injured by
(Cambridge.)
No more work
(Bristol.)
bears the
Nefer-TumIt will be seen in the plate that two female stand on one side there are likewise two Devoted
"
on the other
The
man
deep pumping before
scale with
of Siamen was found, so the lintels previously obtained are published here, and will be described with PI. XXIV. One lintel of Osorkon was found, now at Munich. The cartouche of Haa-ab-ra is one of those from the columns of the Great Court, already described.
Carlsberg, and
small hard stone figure of a
inscription
work on a large
the site could be finished.
shafts are i4"3 to
and 132 to 136 at the top their length is 59 inches in two cases, which with the capital of 30 inches makes 89 inches, or 7 feet 5 inches. This with about 7 inches of base would give a room of S feet, which is quite likely in a mastaba. The The shaft and capital are both in the Cairo Museum. second capital is inferior, by the omission of the flowers between the buds and some cutting due to
150 inches wide
to
seemed needful
on a granite stone which was in the group with the lintel of Amenemhat first named. At the right of that, below, are two door-jambs from the building of is
Siamen, recording the same person Ankh-ef-en-mut who appears on the lintels. Down the right side is the inscription of
Siamen on the column
13
feet
high which stands upright beneath the court of the
house of the British School. It was copied by Mr. Wainwright, and I have not had the opportunity of verifying Pi.
lintels
it.
XXIV.
At
of Siamen.
Ptah and
the
On
Hathor.
ground has been sunk
top the
Around
is
left
the is
largest
of the
Siamen adoring
the face of Ptah the
in a square, as if a thin plate
—
;
—
SCULPTURES OF SIAMEN Behind the king
of metal had been inserted. portrait of the
curious
earring with
Over
plant in the hand.
jackal-head of the
official
his shoulder appears
He
collar.
is
Nuter-kheper-ra-mer-ptah (named
Siamen) called Pupui. On the right is the king offering to Ptah, and Sekhmet who holds the standard of their son Noferatum, followed by Ankh-ef-en-mut who set up all the other lintels. He was son of Aay scribe of the temple of Ptah and of the accounts of This lintel and the whole jamb, the cattle of Ptah. with half of another jamb, are in the Ny Carlsberg Museum, Copenhagen. Below this is a whole lintel of the smaller type, and the nscriptions from three other similar lintels. These lintels are at the British Museum, Manchester, Philadelphia, and Pittsburg. Also part of a doorjamb inscribed by the same official. Down the right side is the whole jamb with dedications to Ptah and Hathor, set up by Ankhef-en-mut. PI.
XXV.
At the top
Khaemuas from
left
an inscription of
is
Here is another instance formula Jwtep dy of the Ptah without suten apa column.
;
parently
Khaemuas
gives the offering to Ptah instead
of the king.
Below
is
an interesting tablet with the adoration
of the two ba birds in the doorway of their tomb,
photographed
XVHI
in PI.
and noted
in
describing
that plate.
At PI.
XVH
right
the
is
and noted
stone
photographed
in
in description.
CHAPTER
VI
THE SMALL OBJECTS. XXn. The work on and
around the 45 PI. temple of Merenptah has produced some fragments which shew how richly decorated it must have been, as Herodotos writes in describing this temple of Proteus.
glazed tile work comprised :— Base of cartouche of Sety I (fig. 3) Two pieces of lilac, white and yellow lotus
The
(figs.
I,
2)
j
;
;
r2-rs wide
;
:
;
Mykenaean
vase, about 1400 B.C.
a Cypriote bowl 1300-800 B.C.
A handle of
(fig. 4).
(fig. 5).
Drab pottery
body with smooth face, painting of scales, and plants (figs. 6, 7). Part of a flat dish probably of Rhodian origin, red ochre wash on drab body (fig. 8). Pieces of a rude pottery stand, with lotus flowers in relief, and the feet, and hand, of fine hard
diagonal
lines,
of figures
(9, 10, 11).
It is
coloured red with yellow
and black on parts of the same family as figures found last year, and published in upper left quarter ;
of
PI.
XLIV, Memphis
terra-cotta figure of a
I.
lion
A
well-modelled hollow 12) also has black
(fig.
and red paint on it. A little to the south of the Merenptah temple a sebakh digger found an alabaster figure-vase (fig. 13), which apparently had a spout at the left arm, which is missing. Such hollowed figures of alabaster belong to the XlXth dynasty in Egypt, but the design of this is obviously of the Greek island-figure class.
from
temple
foreign
this
are
All of the objects
kept
at
the
Greek
department, British Museum.
XXVI.
with the ka
name
(i) "
A
half of a cylinder of
Mery
(taui) "
was found
Pepy
I
in a pit
on the west of the city. (Manchester.) Not far off were copper axes of the Vlth dynasty, and pieces of stone vases of probably the Ilnd dynasty. It seems then that the town of the pyramid-builders is quite accessible above water-level, on that side. (2) A remarkable steatite plaque was sold to me One side has five columns with 22 at Memphis. strokes in each. The other has two men seated with knees drawn up, and one arm of each raised and meeting between them. This is completely in the style of the button-seals which belong to the Vlth Vlllth dynasties, on which the geometrical reduction of men and animals to straight-line devices is usual, and which are clearly foreign. Below these figures is a true labyrinth.
;
Legs of a hawk
and 17 pieces
Leopard head from inlay (fig. 14) Inlay of rhomb, vesica, square, rosette, etc. These shew that there must have been large surfaces and architectural structure covered with coloured tiling and alabaster inlays, with figures and patterns on a large scale. Pottery of various ages was found. A scrap of
46. PI.
the
rosettes,
Much plain tile in fragments. The alabaster work comprised
called the
after
whole
Strips of inlay from a cornice
the
heaven and earth and the underworld, going in the realm of Osiris, priest, great chief of workmen of priest)
Two
and carrying a
balls,
hereditary prince, divine father, over the secrets of
Ptah (high
Piece of leg of figure about 2 feet high
a
high priest wearing a disc
pendant
three
is
15
On
completing the corner
it
appears
that there were five false turns to be avoided before
THE SMALL OBJECTS
i6
The
reachin;;; the centre.
idea of the square lab)-riiith
and it is so similar to this example that if this appeared on a coin it would never be suspected of any orij^in outside of We have then a strong link here between the Crete. geometric button-seals and the Cretan civilisation. in classical times is essentially
Cretan
;
A large coarse stamp,
of rough paste which has
The
been glazed, bears some unusual signs.
pcntaclc
and the looped cord are neither of them Egyptian. The circles, with lines between, seem like a clumsy copy of a Mykenaean wave pattern, while the nofcr and the serpent of Rannut with the title neb ka s is a group well known. This shews then a mi.xturc of Egyptian and foreign design. (Univ. Coll.) 4, 5. These belong to Qurneh, but the inscription being too small in Qurneh XXXIII they arc here
The
republished, enlarged from the originals.
gular plaque
is
of the" high priest of
Amen
rectan-
Nebunnef,"
and the cartouche of Ramessu II with the unusual on legs. From Memphis: 6 is
early spelling of the user
a button-seal of limestone
;
the figure wears a tunic
and holds a stick across the shoulders, a European (Univ. Coll.) 7 is a not an Egyptian attitude. button-seal with a bird flying, not of Egyptian work. (Univ. Coll.) 8 is a clay impress of a Greek gem. 9 is a silver ring with a galloping winged bull of Persian work, found in the palace. 47. No. 10
is
(Oxford.)
a leaden sling-bullet, also from the
name
palace, with a demotic
read by Mr. Griffith as
Khabbash, the Egyptian pretender in 486-484
whom
scarcely
any remains are known.
15.C.
of
(Univ. Coll.)
II is an impression from a remarkable pottery mould. Beneath a cornice, supported at each end by large heads of Bes wearing feathers, is a king driving a
chariot.
He
holds a bow.
all
from the palace.
21
is
an un-
usual amulet in bronze, of a child being carried ofT
a crocodile. 23
is
(Univ. Coll.)
22
a pottery head of Bes of fine work,
die for impressing mould.s.
by
a bronze ichneumon.
is
(Univ. Coll.)
made
as a
24 arc
two
hollow bronze tubes with projections, use unknown.
The two
(Univ. Coll.) (3)
ram's-head amulet,
pieces of 25 were originally all one length, probably representing a spiral curl attached to a lifesize
bronze head.
loose
sitting
with
raised
The
hands.
Egyptian but the combination are un-Egyptian, and workmanship, of these, and the probably due to a Phoenician in Egypt, like the silver bowls with mock-Egyptian subjects. (Univ. Coll.) elements of this are
all
26
(Univ. Coll.)
27, a
back, of base
Roman
Victory work.
way when crawling
Kensington.) a figure.
wood
These
a
the
(?)
31
30, a is
28
is
a clay lion modelled.
bronze crown of the head
as part of an inscription.
49. PI.
(South (?)
from
a slug hieroglyph /"formerly attached
last three
(South Kensington.)
bronzes are from the palace.
XXVII.
fragments of
about.
with the arms stretched
29, a lotus-flower ornament of late design.
to
is
how
garment was caught up front and back by a
loop, so as to be out of the
Scattered in various places were
fine glazed bowls, 32-39.
(O.Kford.)
33
shews the bottom rosette to the cup and two divisions of the side it was evidently intended to rest mouth down. 40 is a well-modelled head of Sekhmet, and 41 the same goddess holding an aegis. 42 is a small glazed vase with hawks around it. The body was probably blue and the hawks inlaid in green. At Memphis a large number of stamped Rhodian wine-jar handles are found. The names have all been copied but, on comparison with the publication of the Lindos and other series by Nilsson, so many new ;
;
names appear
that a
full
types therefore appear of names will be given
wears the crown of Lower Egypt, and Before him is a bound captive kneeling
and two others
(Manchester, Univ. Coll.)
quaint terra-cotta figure of an infant, shewing
verification
in this plate in the
is
The
needed.
1-20,
and the
list
next volume.
CHAPTER THE TERRA-COTTA HEADS.
VII PLS. XXVIII-XXXIV.
;
SO. Ag.MN a large number of the modelled heads have been obtained from Memphis. The absence of any collection of ancient portraiture of races, beyond that which I made in Egypt twenty-two years ago,
12, 13 are two figures of green stone ware, of the dwarf Ptah-Sokar type but both are female. (Univ. 12 has a garment over the shoulders and Coll.) back with fringed edge, and holds apparently a pine cone. 13 holds the two ends of a cord which passed
of the classical students would deal with this branch of Greek art, and collect a uniform series of photo-
over the shoulders. 48. Nos. 14, 15 are bronze beaks of hawks
graphs of every representation of racial types from sculpture and coins, a very necessary and important
;
bronze eye-sockets from statues of birds 19 a bronze nail ear from a statuette ;
;
;
;
16, 17
18 a bronze
20 a bronze
leaves the identification of these very varied types to
depend
entirely
upon chance observation.
branch of study would take
its
proper place.
If
any
Un-
fortunately archaeology, like literary scholarship, too
THE TERRA-COTTA HEADS and
often takes tithe of the mint, anise and cumin,
leaves the weightier matters of the world's history
There
neglected.
is
are
which are greatly needed
the
study of celebrated kings. At present we can identify some of the new heads but most of them, though of strongly marked character for the character
;
and dress, remain anonymous from the lack of all comparable material. The numbers here follow on from the first series in Memphis I; and both series at
University
identified
College.
The
Iberian
by the resemblance of the
(70)
is
the
profile to
Shardana or Sardinian of the XlXth-XXth dynasty, long low head and the mutton-chop whisker, and the general resemblance of the front face to the Spanish matador type at present. There is no other ancient race, so far as I remember, which has shaved in the
in this fashion.
The Karian of
description
(71)
all
not even any series of composite
portrait heads from coins,
are
much
is
named on
Herodotos, that
the strength of the
the
Karians wore There is
helmets with a crest like a cock's comb.
to
17
expression and character.
very rarely found
of the foreign
Herodotos.
92-94 are
Foreign
to be
women
these portraits, but
colonies less
but seem to be also women.
were known
carefully
wrought,
95-97 are the usual
Greek type of Asia Minor. 98 is a graceful Greek head of the Ionian type, as seen in terra-cottas from the Smyrna region. 99 is a Greek of the Mausolos type, probably from the south-west of Asia Minor. 100 and loi are also familiar Greek types. 102 with long ringlets shews a mode of hair which is familiar among the not elsewhere. As they on being Macedonians, this is probably the Macedonian type. 103 appears to have the same profile, but is a later head, as it is moulded hollow, and not modelled solid. 104-107 are also Greek types, which I cannot locate at
Ptolemaic
but
queens,
themselves
prided
present. for having a royal Egypand yet being bearded. It is on the neck of a vase, and is painted with purple stripe. Can it possibly be a Persian king in his costume as Egyptian ruler? 109 bears an extraordinary helmet, which from its shape and folds seems made of leather. Perhaps the slits were attached to a moveable vizor which is here shewn folded back, but which could 1 10 is another head be drawn down over the face. on a vase-neck, in has a helmet with long cheekpieces. From the heaviness and straightness of the
52.
No. 108
is
remarkable
tian cloth head-dress,
me
form
modern
among
Rhodopes
no other helmet type which would agree to this, and the Karian as being the chief mercenary soldier race of the time, and settled in Egypt, must have been familiar in Memphis. The Hebrew (72) is named only on the ground of resemblance to a modern Jewish type, coming from Germany. The Kurd iji) has the crossed turban which belongs to the Central Asian and Kurd race, but not to the Semitic peoples. Mr. Hogarth informs that the type of face agrees to that of the
They seem
female heads, and not Egyptian.
it
was probably of
iron, like the
Norman
pot
Kurds, who were well known to the Greeks as the This is the finest piece of modelling Karduchi.
helmet, and
among
probably be represented with a felt cap. The type of face and tall cap seem to belong to Asia Minor. 113 is a peculiar type with apparently a
features
all
the heads
are
;
the delicacy with which the
worked, the
detail
of
the
pressed forward by the turban, wrinkling
ear it
being on the
inner side, and the spirit of the expression put this in the front rank.
So appears by the Mongolian slope of the eyes. to be partly Persian, by the better profile and the 82 shews clubbing of the hair in a rounded mass. of riding, the jockey attitude and is probably Scythian, like
all
the
other
horsemen.
83
the Indian type, similar to 37-40 in Metuphis is
the
shield. 51.
is
of
84 round
I.
Scythian horseman, with the 85-87 are not identified. Nos. 88-91 are an interesting class, having usual
points
to
the
Assyrian
side,
the source of the form has yet to be found.
but 112
may
cap having a flap or tassel at the side. though very roughly made, is distinctive in the slope of the head backwards, the hair and short 115 has a row of beard, unlike any other head. buttons down from each shoulder, which may flat-folding 1
The heads 74-77 cannot be identified. The Scythians are again found in the heads 78-81. In 78 we have probably an eastern Scyth
this
14,
identify the
dress.
The head
116-124 are probably all from the though perhaps of different head does not seem to be found shaved races. The basin, except in Egypt that anciently outside of
Mesopotamian
region,
where such physiognomy is not found. 119 is closely like the Sumerian heads of last year, 22, 24. The various types 125-132 are not yet connected with
known
localities.
128 has closely the
Mark
:
THE INSCRIPTIONS
i8
Antony Julia,
features
and
among
if
Dorian
the
The
usual
whom
from
Hcrakleidae
The
claimed descent.
somewhat
Heraklcs
type of
Qunteh may be here
stated.
O.xford.
I,
Brussels;
VII, Munich,
2,
Cairo.
VIII, 1-8, Univ. Coll. London. Univ. Coll.
X, Manchester.
steles, Bristol,
Edinburgh,
Royal Scottish Museum. Reading; 3, Manchester;
XXXI,
XXXIII,
4,
5,
Oxford,
mummy,
4,
Univ.
York,
Bristol
lower,
;
furniture
XII,
XXX, 5,
i,
Univ
XXXlT
Coll.,
Manchester
with their
;
LI 1 1.
XIIIa.
May
The first inscription, from
the base :
Akenuash, of Pedubast, his the son mother was Nedhornezem." The next inscription, from a bronze base, reads " Horpakhred the great god who is over Letopolis, all life and health for Peduasar, the son of Pa-sherem-shedt, born of the lady of the house Ta-adh-enTahuti the lord of truth give
life
to
mer.
XVI
PI.
The
I.
given under
translation of this inscription
XXV,
PI.
is
where a hand-copy of the side
with the longer portion of the inscription occurs.
PL XIX.
Cluster column
XVIIIth Dyn.
an unusual manner
inscription begins in
invoking the mediation of the king,
"
:
"
May
This
instead of
;
May
give an offering-table to the god," the god directly invoked
the king is
here
Ptah-Tathenen, the eldest
and great one of the gods, give an offering-table with all the good things upon it, which he has created [or " which are created for him "] in heaven and (earth).
.
.
."
of eternity in
Ay.
The hawk holding the sign "The great (god) lord of
claws,
On the right is the opening portion of the mbti (vulture and uraeus) title, sekhem peht'i.
heaven." king's
his
:
"
Sekhmet,
the
like
Sun."
On
of Siamen.
it " Beloved of Ptah beautiful of face." His second cartouche reads " Siamen, beloved of Amen," and underneath it is " Beloved of Amen (the The goddess Mut stands lord of) true lapis-lazuli."
behind
Amen
;
in front of
her
is
the inscription "... in
the temple of Ptah, the lady of heaven, and mistress
Amen,
In front of
of true lapis-lazuli."
the inscription
"
Amen-ra, the lord of true lapis-lazuli. I have given to thee all stability, life, and power before me." " Making an offering of incense In front of the king and cool water to his father, in order that he may bestow life." reads
:
XXI.
On
the
left
is
the
figure of the
king smiting two foreigners with his scimitar. Concerning the meaning of the interesting signs behind the king see Prof Petrie's remarks on pp. 8-10, and an interesting paper by G. J^quier in Recueil des Travaux, 27 (1905) p. I70ff. In front of the king stands the god Ptah in his shrine, holding a scimitar and a staff with the three symbols of life, stability, Above him is inscribed " Ptah of and power. Merenptah Hetep-her-maat." On the right, the king, seated on his throne under a canopy, receives from Horus a wand consisting of the same three symbols, with the shen symbol of eternity at the base. Horus in the form of a hawk-headed animal is seated upon the sacred perch, from which spring two human arms, from each of which is slung the symbol of the sedIn the right-hand column under the heb festival. sed-hcb
festival
sign
occur the signs
for
millions,
hundreds of thousands, and thousands. In the lefthand column, the remaining signs read hundreds of On each side of thousands and tens of thousands. Horus is the sign for millions of years, from the ends of which chains of the symbols for life, stability, and power hang down. The king holds this same sign in his left
Inscription of
goddess
tiie
underneath
54. PI.
of a baboon, opens with the invocation to Tahuti "
Over
the left is the king's cartouche, " Neter-Kheper-ra, chosen of Amen," and
VIII
THE INSCRIPTIONS. By DR. J. //. WALKER. PI.
king.
:
CHAPTER
53.
" life
Lintel
Man-
Munich, LII, upper
Boston,
Trial piece, Univ. Coll.
etc.
relative
Deposits,
New
inscribed
PI. I,
XXII-XXIX,
Univ. Coll.
16-20, 30, Univ. Coll.
Boston.
I,
Brussels,
chester,
/uk
and mistress of the two lands North and South." The king wears the atef-crown, and above him is
IX, Black-topped
Amenhotep 2,
title,
prince of truth."
she makes her powers shine forth, the lady of heaven
in
Bristol;
the opening
left,
Horus the conqucrer of Set
Sekhmet and
is
present position of objects found this year
vases and bird,
"
7naiit,
like this.
II,
possessor of might," and on the
portion of his
they
and published
Coll.
"
he did not get that type from it might be souj^ht
;
of the Antonia stock
"
He
hand.
Above Horus
the inscription reads
of Behudct (Edfu), the great
the shrine of the North."
:
god presiding over
In front of the king are
two cartouches, Lord of the two lands, Ba-en-ra Meriamen, Lord of diadems " with the cartouche
his
"
—
:
AND XXTH DYNASTY INSCRIPTIONS
XIITH reading the same as
in
and behind the king
is
human
with
shrine
over
Above Sun
Ptah.
the winged disc of the
arms, holding chains of the symbols for
and power.
life
The
continuation
of the the
of
Horus, and above him
below
lintel
"He
is
of
nearly
is
Set
foregoing.
replaces
Nubt (Ombos) the
great god, presiding over the shrine of the South."
In
Ptah and under the king's cartouches, " I delivered up to thy sword those who traverse have the mountains, as lord of all lands." Behind the king is his nebti (vulture and uraeus) title, " He who acts with his two arms, the good god, the lord of the two lands." In the upper horizontal line are 55. PI. XXHI. Below, on the the cartouches of Amenemhat II. III: " Beloved of left, the cartouches of Ramessu front of
The lord maatra beloved of Amen.
of the two lands, User-
the living Apis.
Rameses, prince
of
is
written
suten di ketep,
of these
Below the
which
in
car-
taken to
represent
few signs remain at the top
The two right-hand columns " (May the king) give an right
to
left
offering-table
.
.
:
wideness of heart, and health.
.
four left-hand
.
.
columns read from right to
."
left
"(i) Opening the two eyes ... (2) his beauties to (3) in peace (4) his ka, making prosperous .
.
.
.
the house. tains
the
.
.
." The left-hand column below connebti title " the protector of Egypt, the .
.
Below
conqueror of foreign countries."
broken
with the inscription
fragment
containing
this
is
cartouche
the
a
establisher
of
Ptah, the son of his body."
broken tails.
lines evidently gives It
reads from right to
truth
(beloved
of)
The fragment of some biographical left:
"(i) All the
four
de-
festi-
vals (?) which were celebrated in it, together with everything which was done in the temples (of the
whole [?]) land. (2) The great one of the bodyguard of the palace, belonging to each private apartment in the palace, in consequence of my nobility before the king. each wanderer by the (3) living prisoners from Ethiopia (?)... like (4) •
•
.
.
every king's son.
any
servant.
.
.
."
Never was the
like
.
.
granted to
beloved divine father
his
?),
southern
pastures
superintendent of
Tum."
Of
[it
The
ntr
prince
(?) .
.
temple of Ptah, the
of the
the school
.
(?) \_ht sd~\
of Nefer-
the two remaining vertical columns, the
left-hand one reads from right to
left
:
The
"
lord of
the two lands Neter-Kheper-ra the chosen one of
Amen,
life, and wealth. His beloved beloved divine father, set over the mysteries
with stability,
priest, his
of Ptah, the priest Ankh-ef-en-mut of
On
Amen
(lord
the right, reading
from His beloved priest, his beloved divine father, the opener of the doors of heaven in the house of mysteries, the priest Ankh-ef-en-mut of Amen. ..." of) true
right to
56.
lapis-lazuli."
left
PI.
"
:
XXIV.
Top
Amen."
On
the
left
In the middle are the
line.
two cartouches of Siamen, chosen one of Amen," and
"
Neter-Kheper-ra, the "
Siamen, beloved of
stands the cow-headed Hathor
with papyrus sceptre, usually carried by goddesses, in
the inscription " Hathor lady of
her hand, and
the sycomore of
South, lady of
the
mistress of Memphis."
to
him a
figure
of
heaven, the
In front of her
his shrine, " Ptah, beautiful of face."
the
Ptah
is
The king
goddess Maat,
"
Neter-Kheper-ra
the king stands the priest dress is
and praise to
of
a
.r^w-priest.
the inscription his beauties,
"
in
offers
Offering
truth to his father Ptah, the lord of truth."
behind him
III,
The
establishes
of Memphis, the superintendent of the cattle of the
and probably the names of the three gods Apis, Turn, and Horus. Lower down on the right is a column containing the ka name of Aahmes"
who
over the mysteries of Ptah.
nirf), set
leopard-skin
si-neit,
Ptah, the lord
:
beloved (priest
of
Ramessu
"
Behind him stands " Hathor, the mistress of the sycomore tree of the South, the mistress of heaven." The remainder of the column reads " His
probable
is
columns.
si.x
read from
first
are
It
been
has
siiten
XIX. and XXV.
in Pis.
Only the
suten.
of diadems,
lord
another occurrence of the formula usually
here the cartouches
that
The
The
Heliopolis."
touches
omitted as
the right, the long column begins with broken
cartouches of Siamen, then comes Ptah in his shrine, truth."
counterpart
the
On
19
Behind in
the
Above and
Adoration to Ptah,
by the hereditary
prince,
his beloved divine father set over the mysteries in
heaven and earth and the underworld, Master the order of processions in
of
Resta, the je;«-priest,
workmen of Ptah Neter-Kheper-ra beloved of Ptah, who was called Pau-pau, deceased." On the right of the king's
the great one the master of the
cartouches stands the lioness-headed a lotus sceptre, of the
same form
Sekhmet with
as the lotus flower
worn on the head of Nefer-Tum. " Sekhmet lady of the two lands, and Nefer-Tum the protector of Horus Hekennu." " Ptah lord of the two lands. truth" stands in his shrine whilst Siamen offers to him two jars of wine. The inscription in front of the king reads, " Making an offering of wine to his
THE INSCRIPTIONS
20
lie may give life." Behind the Ankh-cf-cn-mut carrying the feather fan. Above and behind him is the inscription " Adoration to Ptah, and a magnifying of his beauties
order that
fatlier, in
king stands
b>-
his beloved divine father, set over the mysteries
of J'tah, the scribe of the temple in the temple of
The ways, in
inscriptions on
read
the right
to
from
left
(lord of) true lapis-lazuli."
In the second scene the king's cartouches are in
Horus
the middle, with his
mighty
beloved of
bull,
the
The the
left
of the king the
two lands, Horus great of might,
lord of the
beloved
On
"The worshipper
inscription reads:
side, "
on each
title
Maat"
his
priest,
beloved
divine
his
over
father set
the mysteries of Ptah, master of the order of procession in the sacred place, the precentor
(?) in
the
one who conducts the god the priest Ankh-ef-en-mut of Amen
new
the right
"
:
The wor-
in
kingdoms
father
(?),
his beloved priest, his beloved divine
over
set
the
mysteries
eternity, master of the order of processions
the
in
great house, the scribe of the temple in the temple
of Ptah, the reckoner of the cattle in the temple of Ptah, the priest Ankh-ef-en-mut of
Amen
(lord of)
true lapis-lazuli." " May Door-jambs on right. R. hand column the king give an offering-table to Ptah the great one. South of his wall, the lord of Memphis, beautiful of face and bounteous in love, in order that he may cause the king Siamen to participate in stability, life, and power. His beloved priest, :
his
beloved
of Ptah,
divine
who
father,
over
set
the
mysteries
devotes his attention to the making
of offerings to the good god
in
.
.
the priest
.,
Ankh-
of Amen-ra, lord of true lapis-lazuli." hand column " May the king give an offeringtable to Hathor, mistress of the sycomore tree of the South, the mighty cow, mistress of Memphis, in order that she may cause the king Siamen to participate in stability, life, and power. His beloved
ef-cn-mut L.
:
priest, his
beloved divine father, set over the mysteries
of heaven, earth, and the underworld, the regulator
of the processions
(?)
in
(?)
the desert, the master of
the order of processions in the Necropolis, the priest
Ankh-ef-en-mut
of
Amen-ra
lord
of
true
lapis-
In the two broken columns on the
ef-en-mut
is
mentioned with
his
usual
left,
Ankh-
titles,
but
usual
his
however, the
A
titles.
added
in
three
The
"
:
very
interesting
"Joining the measuring This evidently of Sokaris."
is
festival
:
some function during the
to
of
the
The
out-
fixing
was defined by stretching a measuring cord round pegs fi.xed in the ground. Ankh-ef-en-mut line
named
here again
the
right-hand lines
:
"
The
son of Kha-em-uast."
The worshipper
diadems.
of
lord
"
Horus,
great
of the king,
might."
of
Here also Ankh-ef-cn-mut has an additional " Governor of the library (?) of Sokaris."
title,
In the second of these three doorways, a
title
changed in the third column on the left. Ankh-ef-en-mut is "set over the mysteries of the temple of the ka of Ptah." In the third column ." on the right he " satisfies the heart of Ptah with In the last doorway, the king's title on the left is " Horus, the great one of might on the right, " " Horus, the unitcr of the two lands." In the broken inscrip57. Pis. XXV and XVII. is
slightly
.
.
;
tion at the top of PI.
common
of the
XXV,
another instance occurs
sutcn di lietep formula without the
on Pis. XIX and XXIII. The left-hand column reads " which Ptah has created for his ka,
sutcn, as
:
for
the
y^w-priest,
the
The right-hand column
king's
reads
"
:
son
Kha-em-uast."
May
Ptah,
.
.
.
his
beauties, the sacred one, the great one, rich in gifts,
give an offering-table."
on
On
the right
PI.
XVII.
hand-copy of the photograph The form of the man's name, Thawhose honour the inscription was
ast-en-amu, in written,
is
now known
is
a
very interesting. of this type of
evidently a favourite form
Many
of
instances
are
name, and it was name at Memphis.
names one deity replaces another. In this man's name Isis is the goddess. In Memphis I. PI. XXXII, Apis is the god in the name of ThaIn the different
hap-amu.
lazuli."
of the
first
outline for the foundations of a temple.
horizon of
the
in
in
refers
five
On
Beginning
columns read from right-hand columns read
five
The
to right.
title,
cord,
to his shrine
shipper of the king the lord of diadems, Horus rich
one given
the
as
left-hand
five
and the
left,
cn-mut with
is
lord of true lapis-lazuli."
way
worshipper of the king, the lord of the two lands. Horus, the protector of Egypt." Then Ankh-ef-
recitation of praises, the (?),
the three remaining door-
same
the
in
middle, the
Ptah, the reckoner of the cattle in the temple of Ptah,
Amen
"son of Kha-
styled
is
with figures and cartouches.
full,
the priest Ankh-ef-cn-mut, son of the prince Auy,
of
column
the right-hand
in
cm-uast."
name statue,
It
is
interesting
to
note that the last
spelt, in the last line on the back of the Tha-hap-en-amu, corresponding exactly to
is
XIXTH AND XXXTH DYNASTY INSCRIPTIONS seems probable that the other name of Tha-ast-en-amu was Aahmes-sineit. If this is so, it is placed in a most unusual manner, at the end of the opening phrase of his form Tha-ast-en-amu.
the
speech, after
the cartouche
whose name was
ab-ra,
hardly
for
the
a cartouche.
It
consider
to
consider
It
that
is
this
name and not enclosed
in
improbable, therefore, to
less
is
Khnum-
king
also Aahmes-si-neit.
king's
that the
the
of
however,
possible,
meant
is
It
name has been
transferred from
usual place, immediately following the first name, to the place where the king's similar name would have occurred if the second cartouche had been written. Several of the neb signs should read k the handle of the basket has been omitted, the
;
The
"(i)
hereditary prince, the royal treasurer, the
confidential
friend,
the one
who
is
the palace,
in
the king's reporter, the scribe of the royal archives
the
in I
hall
for thee (read
He
Tha-ast-en-amu.
presence,
royal
made
k
for neb)
says,
the judgment
(?)-
Upper and Lower Egypt He was called Aahmes-si-neit. Thou
of (2) the king of
Khnum-ab-ra. neb') madest me chief judge [lit. " over the listeners "] and possessor of the reward of merit {k for
in
thy time {k for
neb).
and renewed thy works of
.
.
.
upon
earth.
on every place for
I
I
in
carried out (3)
thy
all
orders,
festival
heb)
established thy
in the great hall.
I
(?
name
firmly
built this palace,
noblewoman Nebt-ankh, which the noble-
the
woman Semset
was furnished with gifts by the the years of the king of Upper and god, Lower Egypt Kheper-ka-ra living for ever, in whose time I worked these things for thee {k for neb)!' On PI. XVII the left-hand photograph gives the "(i) The inscription on the other side of this stele gave.
a lake, together with .
.
(4)
all
It
beautiful
.
:
confidential
friend
Tha-ast-en-amu.
Mayest thou be nourished with
made
(2)
(3) her
Speech.
life.
May
which have been fashioned by the great goddess, (5) Semset of the house of provisions." has an The stele in the lower half of PI.
thy
limbs
be
firm,
(4)
XXV
unusual representation,
in
the
middle, of a shrine
decorated with a dad-zoXwrn-w upon which are perched
two hawks crowned with the disc of the sun. On the ^rtc/-column is inscribed " Ptah, the great one of might, the creator (?) of the gods \iHes (?) en neteru (?)]."
On
21
hawks
the right of the
" Ptah,
:
lord of truth,
greater than the gods, the great god, creator of every-
thing that exists, the king
On
of the gods."
the
of the whole cycle
{jty)
of the
left
hawks
" Ptah, the
:
beautiful one of the beautiful ones \Hefer neferH{J)\t ."
the lord of lords, ... of the gods, the great one.
The long
:
inscription from right to left reads "
(
ation to Ptah, the lord of truth, the creator of
i
)
.
.
Ador-
all
that
to his ka,
by the
royal scribe, the superintendent of the house
Amen-
and a kissing of the earth
exists,
hetep, (2) deceased.
O
presence,
the gods is
;
glad.
He
says,
I
have come into thy
Ptah South-of-his-wall, the noble one of
have beheld thy beauties and my heart (3) How joyful art thou in thy beautiful I
wrought truth
plans.
I
knew
that
it
is
for thee in
my
heart, for
I
that with which thou art satisfied.
approached not (4) fraud in my heart, I have not Grant that my associated myself with wrong-doing. name be in thy temple, and that it may flourish (5) in men's mouths daily, and that my statue may be established in it (the temple), in order that I may be I
carried in procession with thy praised ones in
thy temple, and that
who
are
may
inhale (6) the incense, forth in the presence and the oblations I
which comes upon thy altar-table, and Majesty on each occasion the time of
all
that
I
may
behold thy
(7) of thy appearance at thy festivals. Behold, I am praised
by the beautiful-one-of-face, the lord of truth (?). (8) A happy old age to the ka of the royal scribe, the superintendent of the house, the superintendent of the granary his
Amenhetep.
(9)
This was made by
son beneficent of heart, and true of heart, the
scribe Piay."
The
on the lower half of the stele reads by (2) of the lord of the ... He says two lands Piay. (3) mayest thou make to prosper ... (4) coming to its place, an upright heart (S) He says, I have come into thy presence, O Ptah ... (6) with praise, for the purpose of beseeching thee, that thou mayest cleanse (7) that the superintendent of the granary, Amenhetep, inscription
"(i) Adoration to Ptah,
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
deceased,
may
.
.
be to eternity amongst the praised
ones ... (8) healthy, his limbs protected, and that there may be no evil ... (9) I continue to pray to thy beautiful face which is ... (10) hearts, that thou mayest grant success during a happy life to the scribe Piay."
5
5
1
1
INDEX Aahmes-si-neit,
Cambyses, name of, 1 of Memphis, i
14, 19, 21
Aahmes-si-neit-rannu,
Alabaster figure,
Camp
1
Capital of rose-lotus, 13, 14 Cellular substructures, i
1
inlay, 15 jars,
Cists of stone in floor,
12
Alexandria, consecration of patriarch
A}n
or
camp men,
of,
li
Am khent, 9 Amenemhat, cartouche lintel of,
Amenhotep and
14, 19,
An-mut-e/ priest, 9, Antony, type of, 18
of Great Court, 3 of Mandara, 4
19
Cowley, Mr., on Aramaic Cretan labyrinth, 15, 16
14
Piaay, stele
Ankh-ef-en-mut,
Apries palace
of,
of,
14, 21
20
Crown-prince, investiture
site,
i
new
broadvvay, 2 like a
mansion, 3
Aqanush, son of Pe-dy-bastet, Aramaic graffito, 11, 12 used
Arrow
in consecration,
Door-jambs, inscriptions on, 20
in Upuati's heel,
Ay, king,
18
9 12
Em khent, 9
relief of, 14, 18
Fans used
12, 18
at investiture, 8
bird, 10
Flooring, stone, of halls, 2
in fosse, 2
Fosse before palace, 2
Bes, head
of,
16
Brickwork, sizes
of, 4, 5
Broadway, new,
2
Glazed
tiles
of Merenptah,
1
bowls, fragments, 16
old, 2
Bronze
2
Dress of steward, 9 Ducks on column, 14
10
II, grafifito of, 11,
Baboon, bronze, inscribed,
Bennu Berms
12,
Doorways, 4 Drain in palace, 2 Drawbridge required,
shoulders carried for investiture, 10
Artaxerxes
8-10
Deba-klteru, near Heliopolis, 10
Brickwork, Broadway, Columns, Great Court, Mandara, etc.)
Arms and
of,
Curtains of dancing place, 9
(^see
Arm
graffito, 12
Crocodile carrying child, 16
11
arranged
2, 3
Column, inscription on, 18 Columns of Apries (Haa-ab-ra), 14
10
Great Court, arrangement
figures, 12
hair curl, 16
columns
portions of figures, 16
height
scale armour, 13
size of, 2
of,
Green, Mr. F. W., 11
Button-seals, 16
23
of, 3
4
of, 3
5
5
Guardroom of
Mackay, Mr.,
palace, 2
Haa-ab-ra, cartouche llathor, gold head
of,
14
11,12
of,
Hathor head kilt, 9 Hawk on early and late sculpture, Hawks on vase, 16 Heads of foreigners, 16-18
Hebrew type
Heliopolis, scene at lake
festival,
5
of head, 17
Hez mace, standard
of
of,
10
1
i
Matuiara of palace, 2, 3 columns of, 4 Mausolos type, 17 Mcrenptah, lintel of, 14, 18-19 temple of, 15 Mctelite nomc, relic of Osiris, 10 Mongolian type, 17 Moret, Dr., on Scd festival, 8
Mould with king in chariot, Mykenaean pottery,
16
1
Memphis, 10
9
place, 10
Memphis, 15 Hippopotamus, the destroyer, 9
High
11
INDEX
24
Hezt Hezt
5
1
priest of
Neb signs and k\ 2 Nebunnef high-priest,
16
Nefcr-Tum-hotep, figure
14
of,
Negro heads, colossal, 14 Nekhcb, goddess, 9, 10, 1
Iberian head, 17
Nekht-ncb-ef, 13
Ibex
feet to palanquin, 10
Nelumbium
Ibis,
bronze, 12
Nut, goddess, 10
capital, 14
Infant-dress, terra-cotta, 16 Inscriptions, 18-21
Investiture of Crown-prince,
apparatus
8-10
8
for,
nome, 10
Osiris relic in Metelite
Ostrich feather on standard, 9
Ivory carvings, 12
Palace-mound, position, Jackal
"
depth
opener of the ways," 9 Palace, survey
walls
A'rt-name
left
of,
of,
i
of,
I
i
I
brickwork, 4 stonework, 2, 4
blank, 8
Karduchi, 17 Karian head, 17
{see various parts)
Kha-em-uas, inscription of, 15, 20 Khabbash, sling bullet of, 11, 16
Palanquin, royal, fitting
of,
1
Palanquins with royal children,
Palm
9,
10
trees at Heliopolis, 10
Klur-hcb, 9 KJurp-aha, 9
Patriarch of Alexandria, consecration
Kitchen of palace, 2 Kurd type of head, 17
Pentacle, 16
Pe-dy-asar, 12, 18
Pepy
I
cylinder, 15
Persian scale armour,
Labyrinth plaque, 1 Lapis-lazuli, 18, 20
Pet
Lead dishes, Roman, Lead drain-head, 2 LetopoHs, standard Lintels of stone,
11,
13
seal, 12
Piankhy, investiture
of, 9,
2, 4,
signs, used at investiture,
18
of,
1
Ptah, 18, 19
Ptah-Sokar type, female, 16
18
Lion-god shrine, 13 Lion of pottery, foreign, Lotus capital, 13
9
Phoenician mould, 16
12
Pupui, high-priest, 15 1
Pylon, sculptured, date,
5
drawing
of, 5
of,
10
1
1
5
1 1
1
INDEX Pylon, sculptured, restoration courses
of,
of, 6,
subjects
of,
25
Steel scale armour, 13
6
Steps of stone, 4 Steward, dress of, 9 Stone flooring, 2
7
8-10
lining of walls, 2
Qurneh, distribution of objects from, 18
lintels, 2,
steps,
Ramessu Ramessu
doorways, 4
16
II,
4
4
Sumerian types, 17
III, 19
Reliquary statuette, 12
Rhodian jar-stamps, 16 Rose-lotus capital,
Tahuti 13,
14
Tank
in scene, 10
;
Teos (Zeher), bowl Scale armour of Persians,
statuette, 12
of lead in drain, 2 of,
1
Terra-cotta heads of foreigners, i6-i5
1
Tha-ast-en-amu, slab of, 11, Merenptah,
found, 11,13
Tiles, glazed, of
Scythian figures, 17 Sealing of jars, 12
Tower,
site of,
4
Seals, Persian, 12; Greek, 12
Sed
festival,
Sedeb
scarf,
nature
of,
8
U ox townsmen,
1
11
Upuati, standard
Semicircles behind prince, 9
wounded
Serpents guiding Alexander, 9
of,
9
in heel,
Set, stele of, 14
Shardana, type
of,
Siamen, building
17
of,
Wainwright, Mr.,
14
Women, heads
lintel of, 18
Silver fitting of royal palanquin,
Workshop
1
i
of,
17
in palace, 3,
Sistrum of green glaze, 12 Sling bullet of Khabbash,
11,
16
Zeher, bowl
Spanish type of head, 17
Printed iy Hazel!, Watson
&
Viney, Ld.,
of, 11,
12
London and AyUshury.
1
9
13, 1
21
1
:4-00
MEMPHIS.
ROMAN FIGURES REFER TO STATIONS OF PLATE
PALACE OF APRIES, PLAN.
VIEWS.
LETTERS REFER TO STONE WORK,
XIII.
A.
MEMPHIS.
SCULPTURES OF PALACE GATE, SEE PLATES
UI-IX
^
Ik
1:8
M EMPHIS.
PALACE PYLON OF SENUSERT
1
(?)
1:8
MEMPHIS.
PALACE PYLON OF SENUSERT
1
IV.
(?)
-;^/'/-vV7//////;//M/Mii
I'l \
\
MEMPHIS,
PALACE PYLON OF SENUSERT
1
V.
(?
'J^Jd^^^^v^ik^^^^^^r^^^^^W:^^^^^^;^^^^
A2
F F
1
:8
MEMPHIS.
PALACE PYLON OF SENUSERT
1
VI.
(?) r.
FR
1:
8
MEMPHIS.
PALACE PYLON OF SENUSERT
:>i^^^M?^^_. ;.;•V
1
(?)
VII.
1
:
MEMPHIS.
S
I
PALACE PYLON OF SENUSERT
^
T]
'
^7
/ /
/i'
/Vf
(I
i'
// '
/
''I
/
/
I
I
'
I
'
NPLACED FRAGMENTS.
-'J
-:]
:«
'-
',i^
ff
1
1
1
V,
i:
(?)
VIII.
. 1
:
25
MEMPHIS.
SCULPTURES OF PYLON OF SENUSERT
COPEiOfD^,
Ki
:%
\_i\((i)
(?)
£It
)
mC'
1
MEMPHIS.
PALACE OF APRIES.
:i''»^mi^
r
M ^ -*-fe.*fe3eN«^-^^j^^^^^jj^
,-V^x
^ST'
-'Jj.-.r-
vS^^'^iJv:^;:''
'--'iw
.v^././'
"* oilier
'
PALACE MOUND FROM SOUTH-EAST.
OLD ENTRANCE WAY LtADiNG TO GREAT COURT.
MEMPHIS.
PALACE OF APRIES.
XI.
GREAT COURT, LOOKING NORTH,
.
-iv.iCi*' V-;.
•.:-
•^•W.:
'"VJ'itefi:-
u :apitals of 50-foot
columns
in
north court.
-
r,x ••i'\.%
i
-JLa,.
MEMPHIS.
PALACE OF APRIES.
XII.
GREAT COURT AND WORK CHAMBER
PALM CAPITAL, NORTH CHAMBER.
-
-*.
,i>
CAPITALS OF 50-FOOT COLUMNS, NORTH COURT.
DOORWAY OF WEST CHAMBER.
^^'- ^
BLOCKING OF OLD ENTRANCE
IN
FOSSE.
MONOLITH
CIST IN
GREAT COURT.
MEMPHIS.
STONE LINING PARTLY FALLEN FORWARD.
PALACE OF APRIES
XXVI
DYNASTY.
WALL OF EARLIER PALACE AND BLOCK OF STONE
XIII.
STEPS.
1
MEMPHIS.
20
""iiiuiiiiiillll||||||i||
PALACE OF APRIES, STONE WORK.
'""""iiniiinifli
EUE VATI ON / \
I'.l
XIII. A.
MEMPHIS.
4:3
FROM PALACE OF APRIES
IVORY LOTUS.
5:4
2:3
XXVI-XXX DYNASTY.
GLAZED SISTRUM.
IVORY CARVING.
BLUE GLAZED BOWL OF ZEHER, TEGS
XIV.
MEMPHIS.
2:3
3:2
BRONZE
IBIS.
BABOON,
XV.
PTAH.
PERSIAN SEAL
5:4
3:2
OBJECTS FROM PALACE OF APRIES.
LEADEN MODEL TRAYS.
2:3
MUD IMPRESSIONS OF SEALS FROM AMPHORAE.
TAHUTI, GREEN
GLAZE.
MEMPHIS.
ARAMAIC GRAFFITO.
PALACE OF APRIES.
IRON AND BRONZE SCALE ARMOUR.
XVI
1
MEMPHIS.
r4
INSCRIPTION OF AAHMES-SI-NEIT-RANNU
"''-^fT
\'j;
SHRINE OF LION GOD; TEMPLE OF PTAH.
OLD KINGDOM ROSE LOTUS CAPITAL.
NEFER-TUM-HOTEP AND FAMILY.
STELE OF AMENHOTEP AND PIAAY.
XVlll.
MEMPHIS.
CLUSTER COLUMN
XVIII
DYN.
SCULPTURES XVIII-XXVI DYNASTY.
TRIAL PIECE.
LINTEL OF SIAMEN.
XIX.
3EKHMET AND
KING.
HAA-AB-RA
lAPRIES).
MEMPHIS.
NEGRO HEADS AND SET STELE.
4 ^-.:._,^rf.^ii
XX.
1:12
M EMPHIS.
^^HHX^
LINTEL OF TEMPLE OF MERENPTAH (PROTEUS).
XXI
lEMPHIS.
OBJECTS FROM TEMPLE
IN
GREEK QUARTER.
XXII.
1
MEMPHIS.
:10
INSCRIPTIONS OF
a 09'
n
I o
n
^JUJ,"
\E
I
U ?U
«sS>.
D r.p
J?;-^
m|/
AMENEMHAT
II,
RAMESSU
III,
Etc.
XXIII.
MEMPHIS.
1:12
DOORWAYS OF SIAMEN.
XXIV.
Q D Si!?
2^
37fl
ID
f5>5^
11
iD
^[;
l^tl^^jlf"
'J fr§
mi^: I
o
71 I
n |a,
n
i-
f?^
Pfl p==]
f
H
^fe
G
64
HIEROGLYPHIC PAPYRUS FROM TANIS.
A SEASON IN EGYPT, RACIAL PORTRAITS. Hill,
print.)
Quaritch.
2S.f.
Nebesheh and Defenneh.
II.
(Out of
32
1887.
190
(Out of
(Out of
pl-
print.)
print.)
Monuments,
photographs from Egyptian
635.
Murray,
37,
Dartmouth Park
JV.IV.
HISTORICAL SCARABS. (Out of print.) HAWARA. BIAHMU, AND ARSINOE. (Out KAHUN, GUROB, AND HAWARA. (Out of ILLAHUN, KAHUN, AND GUROB. 33 P'-. TELL EL HESY (LACHISH). 10 pl., 10s. 6d.
of print.) print.)*
(Out of print.)*
i6-f-
MEDUM.
36
(Out of
pl-
TEN YEARS' DIGGING IN EGYPT, TELL EL AMARNA. (Out of print.)*
1881-1891.
KOPTOS. 28 pl, 10s. Quaritch. A STUDENT'S HISTORY OF EGYPT. XVIItli and XVIIIth Dynasties.
Part III.,
Part
XlXth
to
SIX TEMPLES
BALLAS.
86
AT THEBES.
pl.,
26
down
to the
Dynasties.
6^.
illustrations
XVIth Dynasty, each.
sth ed.
1903.
Part
II.,
Methuen.
by Tristram
2 vols.,
Ellis.
2,s.
Methuen.
td.
Methuen.
Quaritch.
25^. pl.,
With
6
40 pl,
25^.
Quaritch.
25X.
;
40 pl, i^-.
25^.
Qimritch.
Quaritch.
print.)
PERSONAL RELIGION IN EGYPT BEFORE CHRISTIANITY. MEMPHIS.
Part
QURNEH.
56 pl,
I.
54 pl, 25^.
255.
Quaritch.
*
2s.
6d
;
in leather, zs.
Quaritch.
(Out of
print.)
THE PALACE OF APRIES (MEMPHIS II). 35 ARTS AND CRAFTS IN ANCIENT EGYPT. Of works marked
45^-. out of print.)
Constable.
with 69 extra plates, sos.
(Out of
(With 48 extra plates,
a few copies can
Idc
pl, 25^.
45
pl-,
had on application
Quaritch. 5^.
Faults.
to the Author, University College,
London.
6d
Harper.
H
Li
^
PUBLICATIONS OF THE
EGYPTIAN RESEARCH ACCOUNT I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
BALLAS, 1895 ;|
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