Petrie_Abydos I (1902)
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NEW YORK UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON SQUARE COLLlGE
LIBRARY
ABYD0 ,
TE^ENOS OF
OS, R ,S.
HEADS OF AAHMES
..
AND AMENHOTEP
,.
F R OMT.
AAHMES.
C £•
I
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i
AAHMES.
AMENHOTEP.
ABYD PART
S
1902
I.
BY
FLINDERS PET HI E
W. M.
Hon. D.C.L., LL.D., Litt.D., Ph.D., F.R.S., Uon. F.S.A. (Scot.)
MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL GERMAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL [NBTITDTI CORRESPONDING MEMBER OP THE SOCIETY OP ANTHROPOLOGY, BERLIN MEMBER OF THE ROMAN SOCIETY OF ANTHROPOLOGY ;
;
MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF NORTHERN ANTIQUARIES; EDWARDS PROFESSOR OF EGYPTOLOGY, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON.
With Chapter A.
E.
In/
WEIGALL
TWENTY-SECOND MEMOIR OF
THE EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND PUBLISHED BY OB DEB OF THE COMMITTEE
LONDON SOLD AT
The OFFICES OF THE EGYPT EXPLOEATION FUND,
37,
Great Russell Street, W.C.
and 59, Temple Steeet, Boston, Mass., U.S.A. and by B.
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER &
QUAR1TCH,
ASHER & CO., 13, HENRY FROWDE, Amen
15, Piccadilly,
and
W.C. CO., Paternoster House, Chaiung Cross Road,
W.
;
1902
Bedford Street, Coyent Garden, W.C. Corner, E.C.
:
-f
n
57 c&
V.
LONDON PRINTED BY GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, LTD. ST.
JOHN'S HOUSE, CLERKENWELL.
M
YORKUNiVERSIT' IARY
,|V
f,v»S^* fr( -
HET Bl
•Mfc&UJ!
>
EGYPT EXPLORATION
FUND.
president.
SIP
JOHN EVANS,
K.C.B.,
D.C.L.,
LL.D.,
F.R.S.
Uicc=prc3tCicnt0.
Sir
E.
The Eon. Chas.
Maunde-Thompson, K.C.B., D.C.L.,
LL.D.
L.
Hutchinson (U.S.A.).
Prof. G. Maspero, D.C.L. (Krai
Lt.-Geneeal Sir Francis Grenfell, G.C.M.G.,
Prof. Ad. Eeman, Ph.D. (Germany). JOSIAII MULLENS, Esq. (Australia).
G.C.B.
The Rev. Peof.
A. H. Sayce, M.A., LL.D.
fit.
Charles Hentsoh
(.Switzerland).
ibon. (Treasurers. F. C. Foster, Esq. (Boston, U.S.A.).
H. A. Grueber, Esq., F.S.A.
Ibon. Secvctars. J.
S.
Cotton, Esq., M.A.
Members T.
H. Baylis,
Esq., M.A., K.C.,
Miss M. Brodrick, Ph.D. Mrs. Buckman
V.D.
(for Boston).
(for Pittsburg).
Major E. B. Cassatt, B.A. Somers Clarke, Esq., F.S.A. W. E. Crum, Esq., M.A. Louis Dyer, Esq., M.A.
(for Chicago).
Francis F. G.
Wm.
of Northampton.
Percival, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.
Hilton Price,
Esq.,
Mbs. Sara G. Stevenson Herbert Thompson, Esq.
Dir.S.A.
(for Philadelphia).
Mrs. Tirard. G. Tomkins,
M.A.
F. Ll. Griffith, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.
Emanuel M. Underdown, Esq., K.C. E. Towry Whyte, Esq., F.S.A. Major-General Sir Charles W. Wilson,
Farmer Hall, Kenton,
Esq.
Esq., M.A., Litt.D.
Mrs. McCldre.
The Rev. W. MacGhegor, M.A.
2S
A. S. Murray, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A.
The Marquess
The Rev. H.
F. G.
T5
Committee.
Arthur John Evans, Esq., M.A., F.K.S T.
IP
of
K.C.B., K.C.M.G., F.R.S.
.
CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION.
CHAPTER
SECT.
The
1.
Scope of the
2.
The work and workers
III.
Osibis Temple.
SECT.
t'Xr;i\;itioilS
PAGE
.
23. Position and history
24. Before the Xllth Dynasty.
CHAPTER King Ka.
4. King Ro.
Pis. i-iii
PI.
lvii
27. The
.
.
.
.... .....
The M. tombs 18. The plans of
17.
xxviii-xxxv
tombs.
Pis.
xlvii
...... Pis.
xxxvi-
20. The date of the town and tombs
The slates and tools. PL 1 22. The amulets, &c. Pis. li-liii
2
1
IV.
18 19
23
.
.
G.
Tomb
G. 57.
Pis. lxxii,
later
35
tombs
36
....
34. Other tombs
Pis. lxxv, lxxix
CHAPTER The
lxxiv
37
39
V.
Inscriptions.
By A.
E. Weigall.
35. Monuments of Vlth-XIth Dynasty
41
36. The Xllth and XHIth Dynasty 15
19. The pottery and stone.
.
12
xlviii,
xlix
.31
35
9
14
later. .
34
12
.....
M
9
31
30. Early tombs
10
.
Pis.
.
23
29
29. Range of the cemetery
33. Tomb of Zedher.
Osiris Temenos.
16. The pottery.
.
32. Construction of the
II.
lxv-lxvii
and
Dynasty,
The Cemetery
2 Character of the site 3 The early town 14. The flints. Pis. xvi-xxvi 15. The stone vases. PL xxvii 1
Pis. Lxi-lxiv Pis.
CHAPTER
31
1
XXVIth
Pis. lxviii-lxx
.
The
XlXth Dynasty.
28. The
The pottery. Pis. vi-vii 7. The Aegean pottery. PL viii Pis. ix, x 8. The stone vases. 9. The labels, &c. Pis. xi, xii 10. The steles, &c. PI. xiii 1 1 The flints. Pis. xiv, xv
CHAPTER
28
26. The XVlIIth Dynasty.
Pis. iv-v
,
I'ls.lviii-
lx
.
6.
2V
25. Xllth and XHIth Dynasty.
iii
5. Small inscriptions.
Pis. liv-
I.
Objects feom the Royal Tombs. 3.
.27
.
.
.
37. The XVIIIth and XlXth Dynasty
42 .
43
38. Monuments of Un-nefer
46
XXVIth and XXVIIIth Dynasty 40. Sarcophagi, XXXth Dynasty
48
39. The
....
41 The hypocephali 42. Inscriptions nut figured .
48 49 51
LIST OF PLATES. PLATE
;
ABYDOS
I.
INTEODUCTION. The present volume completes the account the objects found in the Royal Tumi is of
The cemetery
1.
of
the earliest dynasties, the discoveries in Avhich
during the previous two years have appeared in
The account
the last two volumes.
of the
results of the present year's excavations covers
nearly
Temenos of tery
been yet
has
that
all
found
and the well-known ceme-
Osiris
but another large part of our work
;
the
in
kept
is
back for publication when completed next year.
G
was only worked
desirable in intervals of other work, and to
any small
scarcely
found in
it,
objects
of value
I
should hardly have worked
alone; but as a stop-gap venient,
and
it
it
for its
or more,
publication delayed until every detail has been
Abydos, at the foot of the desert
bulletin system
But
settled.
is
the worst of the
that the student
is
afterwards
noticed
large work,
sake
which
is
not described
volume, occupied half of our men, the season.
all
own
fairly desirable.
immediate benefit of scholars, and systematic
and
casually
proved very con-
at all in this
iinally sifted
ive
such a place was an ideal resort
publication in sections, issued rapidly for the
difficult to decide
r
whenever men could not be kept on elsewhere.
The other
always
<
employment to workmen between other enterhying close behind our huts, and with prises,
between partial
It is
proved
as
About a mile south cliffs,
I
of
had
some great tombs when first visiting The temple which Mr. Maclver
the ground.
dependent on indexes to find connected subjects
excavated two years ago (see the volume on
while the worst of the great book long delayed
El
is
that
often
material
the
waiting, and the delays
much
may run on
that
so
The Temenos
of Osiris I
since I first
undoubtedly
one
different
If
to
of
it
the
had wished in
has
it
corrects our ideas.
But the
to
so
what was expected, real
was
It
centres
oldest
proved
to ex-
1887.
had a long history
worship, and ravelled.
saw
be unrather
far it
of
the
more
temple
site
has not yet been touched below the level of the
XVIIIth Dynasty to be
;
just issued) proved to belong to a
king Kha-kau-ra,
but
and a vast deal
still
remains
done there.
long
presumably Userteseu
possibly of a king of the
The temple
forgotten in the interval.
is
cavate
value while
loses
Am mli
lies
XHIth
on the edge of the
most of next these
cleared,
have
desert,
it
is
been
season's
tombs,
work
before
As probably be occupied
will
they
are
best to leave aside the plans
prepared,
and
give
a
finally
which
connected
account of the whole site next year. 2.
Our excavators were
the same gang of
men and boys from Koptos who have worked Indeed that gang for me during many years.
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON SQUARE C0LEGE
•
and a
causeway leads up to one of the great
tombs which we have found. with
III.,
Dynasty.
LIBRARY
/
ABYDOS has served as a nucleus excavators,
as
drawn almost German work Quftis
for
Dr.
other recent
for all
Reisner,
Girgch,
at
has
I.
on
at
came
headmen,
nothing of
say
to
the
whole of which he comments
inscriptions, the
entirely
on that centre, and the Ahusir has used our trained
temenos work, and drew some of the
close of the
in this volume.
Mr. Laurence Christie, who
done more than
for artistic copying, has
four plates in this
volume
but most of his time
;
Research Account work at El Kab, which has
was given to copying selected sculptures
in the
have no doubt
Scty temple for the Research Account.
Ex-
depended on the same source.
would
other places
workers, but
equally
furnish
when once
I
desirable
a large party have been
trained, they are naturally sought for elsewhere. It is needful,
however, to carry on a continual
weeding of old hands, as the Egyptian always becomes spoiled with prosperity front
and some of
grown up, have come
the boys, as they have the
;
their
intelligence
and
cavations at the Sety temple, on the same basis,
were carried on by Mr. A. also
many
took
appear in
St.
G. Caulfeild,
photographs,
My
this frontispiece.
occupied with drawing nearly
who
some of which wife was closely
the season
all
;
especially on the tedious figuring of nearly four
hundred of
and the exact facsimile copies
flints,
inscriptions.
My own work
lay
in
the
line
in
also
employed over a hundred
Temenos
boys, from villages near the work, to do the
levelling
carrying.
for the season's ment and account keeping work involves some 40,000 entries of small sums. I have also drawn thirty-seven of the The plates here, and taken the photographs.
to
We
conduct.
entirely fresh, as those
were with us before had
first
all
who
passed on to other
Mr. Arthur Weigall came out for the
time,
directing
the
diggers,
and recording, and general manage;
Our camp was work.
of
Osiris,
and proved a most successful worker.
immediate
production
of
a
fully-illustrated
I
greatly regret, for the sake of our Avork, that
bulletin of the results of a season, before the
I
have to congratulate him on passing on at
objects reach
the copying on the spot
at the great southern tombs,
quick publication make
which
I
men
it
carry out this system, as
we have now done
only visited to give general direction to
the region of work.
He
also looked after the
three years.
;
all
but the advantages of
entirely super-
once to a better position. intended the
He
England, involves organizing
well worth while to for
;
CHAPTER
I.
OBJECTS FROM THE ROYAL TOMBS. 3.
The
placed in the series
was described
that can
be
vet
that of king Ka, which
is
volume (Royal Tombs, Within the chamber were hundreds
p. 7).
ii,
tomb
earliest royal
in the last
of fragments of cylindrical jars (type, pi.
some better drawn
for
Horus name
three strokes below the
of the
not clear, and probably
we
bave
shall
inscription
is
wail
to
explain
to
them, as writing was so familiar to the scribe
some of them with cross-lined pattern copied from cordage. Such jars are well known in
mere indications were then enough to rive There is no parallel to this group the idea. following any of the other early Horus names
the later prehistoric pottery, and belong to the
and, as
sequence date 78 in that
vi, 1),
On many
scale.
of
these jars are inscriptions, roughly written in
ink with a brush
fragments,
I
and on comparing
;
have succeeded
all
of
oldest
maa kheru and neb
far later times,
to
lines
Azab,
pi. v,
from Azab, in Royal Tombs,
two formulae, one
for
155.
ii.,
And
as being
inscriptions
known,
yet
which
plant,
suten
generally
closest attention
;
they
dozens of
On
was
it
common
plates
i.
and
was
ii.
strokes
formula was
//>'
;
the
hanging from
seen that the whole
and on plate
Kit,
followed
the second
iii.
hemt en Horus Ka.
Thus, as
clearly as possible, these jars are inscribed for
the king Ap, whose Horus
name
Ha, the wife of the Horus Ka.
is
Ka, and for
The name
Ap
name in the Old Kingdom, and also very commonly the form Apa while Hay and Hayt are known as feminine names. No objection has been made to this reading, even by those who are most surprised by such occurs as a masculine
:
grammatical writing at that age.
pi. xlvi,
i,
all
111 —
sometimes of the later
Nos.
4,
7,
and
9
more
;
it,
;
and
wavy
line
res sign of the south
root
is
shown
a
as
see especially Nos.
1, 2,
17, 19.
This plant was then separate from the nen or
jar's.
is
is
as in
qema or
freely used to write on
it
the
has the leaf or flower at the top
generally the
formula was Suten Ap, the Horus
by three
like
it
so familiar that a
pottery
which
The signs themselves show more than is known about them. Observe especially the
Mena, they deserve our
show the oldest shapes of the signs, and prove
on
steps
or the pottery marks, probably
normal form,
form of
some
represent
these
funereal stele was erected, as on the alabaster of
probably half-way back in the dynasty before
rapid
we may perhaps suppose
iii.
hieroglyphic
that at that age writing
taui both belong to
and
i.,
the king, and one for his queen. the
of the
in putting together
those which are copied in plates
They prove to be
all
that
The meaning
neJcheb
plant,
but no distinction between the
suten and qeuin plant
was yet made.
the use of this plant for qema
then in the stage of naming
Probably
or south was
kingdom, par
the
excellence, before any other region to the north
had been formally included should at present
mean
in
the
it
:
much
British
as
Isles
we by
speaking of " the kingdom," in contrast to the far larger parts of the present
kingdom
in other
regions.
The inversion of the form of the Horus- or fc-name is strange. That the strokes above the arms represent a panelling, like that placed
ABYDOS below the name in
later
all
proved
by
number
of lines from
two
any
having
great variety,
their
5) to five (figs.
(fig.
20, 23), or even thirteen strokes scratched
4,
on pottery (B. be
T.
such could hardly
;
From
hieroglyph.
a
xiii)
ii,
panelling certainly
instances
later
:
so here
we must
and see the space below
as such,
this
copied from the front of a
is
building, tomb, or palace it
examples, seems
take
which
it,
contains the sign, as equivalent to the doorway of the
The
building.
pottery (R. T.
instances scratched
on
should probably
all
pi. xiii)
ii,
be turned, with the
arms upwards, and the
Tea
panel strokes above them.
It is evident
that
the position of the panelling strokes was changed
between the time of Ka and that of Narmer.
The reed
has here the separate flowex s of -
a
the feathery head, as in
all
early examples
The plant ha
ii.).
x, 2)
;
like
is
line (B.
ii,
but the base line came in at that time, as
on the tablet B.
T.
ii,
pi.
iii,
4,
and perhaps the
same on the tablet No. 3
The any
signs
hem and
n
in the same plate. might belong to almost
Thus on the whole there are but two points in which a change took place between the signs three into
Ka and
centuries
two
the general usage of two or later;
the
suten
sign
passed
distinct forms, those for "kin"-"
and
-nth," a political change hardly due to hieroglyphic development, and the hi
suten
;
by which one
M 36
shows the
ii,
of the
tail
arms, and the top of the
arms and a sign near
lea
probably a star and crescent mark
is
No. 605, &c. (R.
like
in
lea
37 shows the
T.
pi. Ii)
i,
case, at least, the
38 shows that
;
panel strokes were put
below and the arms hang down, as the suten sign unquestionably shows which way up this is.
We may
here briefly note
figures in pi.
Nos. 39
iii.
remaining
the
— 43 are
numerical
all
signs neatly painted in ink on alabaster jars, 39
from the tomb of king Den, 40
— 43
from the
tomb of king Mersekha, but perhaps thrown over from Den or elsewhere. 44, 46, and 47 writings on
ink
are
stone
pi.
figure of the
piece of slate
khemui,
The
ink
is
tomb of Den it and should be compared with other
57—64;
xiii,
The
45
vases.
on a jar from the
writing on vases R. T.
is
R,
T.
i,
— 37; 13 —
xxxii, 34
pi.
ii,
god Min
;
pi.
(48),
xxv,
27.
ink-drawn on a
bowl from the tomb of Khase-
the oldest
drawn
figure of that god.
on 49 are from a
signs
bowl
slate
of
Perabsen.
When
4,
name
passed
vol.
ii.,
name
I
year the names of the earliest
last
B. T.
hawk on li.
T.
the pi.
i,
I
expressing
difference,
far
from touching the period of
its
formation.
Beside the ink writing three more examples
to
shows the Again, on
are several
what seems
formally cut on a
the
a cursive writing, it is plai" that
this
hieroglyph.
there
xliv,
;
examples
be the same
Considering that this group
Menu without
marked
On
a sealing No. 96, of which
mouth
(Nos. 2 to 8) of
rlm> reach back a couple of centuries before finding any
is
several fragments were found
pottery,
and when we
pi. xiii,
ii,
due to immaturity
in the writing;
did not observe the presence of another
until the publication of the volume.
group.
we are very
iii,
hawk, part of the
from the doorway of the panelling to the space over the panels. Neither of these changes are
and meet with
pi.
(R. T.
kings were grouped together in Royal To ml is,
later age.
of king
On
pi. xiii).
writing
'/'.
already published
those
to
reads sesh,
Aha
that on the
having no base
in
similar
but
mat- work p has the ends all left loose, as in the seals Nos. 16, 57-60, 72, 118, 160 (R, T. i, and
ebony tablet
of incised writing of this same king are given,
The
;
they vary from three to five in number.
I.
royal
think
seal,
we
is
thus
and often drawn on
are justified in seeing in
hawk and the hieroglyph r the hi name of a king, Ro.
or
the
first
year
name
;
and
this accords with their
ro,
All of
the jDottery examples come from the tomb 13 which, with 13 2, was worked by Mr. Maclver the
it
1,
in
giving
of a king, incised like the other early
— OBJECTS FROM THE ROYAL TOMBS. kings' T.
(/?.
Ka
names,
(pi.
and belonging
pi. xliv, 1),
i,
of the king.
These tombs
on the plan
(R. T.
B
Nar
to the
tomb
and 2 are shown
1
immediately
lviii)
pi.
ii,
and
&c.)
38,
iii,
above the name Bener-ab.
The age of
from the tomb of
Khase-
piece of an upright
cup of
Fig. 5
is a
pink Limestone, with part of a Btrange hiero-
glyph upon elsewhere
king Ro cannot be far from
this
volcanic stone bowl
khemui.
lr
level.
level or a few
of the age of
is
Zet.
—22.
Many
with green
or
pieces of ribbed tiles covered
glaze
violet
were found,
like
those found at Hierakonpolis.
The
the earliest, found at
or some reigns
before
38
Mena;
levels,
1!)
level,
the others were from
piece
1!)
is
36 and
12,
The
or about the reign of Mena.
ornament, and the coloured
glaze on other objects, are both familiar
in
the
royal tombs of the 1st Dynasty.
23
— 34.
In
"Tinders were
many
town stone
parts of the
found, which from their forms
were evidently used
Ilnd Dynasty.
woman.
a
to
(See Eieralconpolis
noted.
style of ribbed inlay
Unlevelled.
found doubled up together that
it
has been intentionally modelled like two
belonged
12.)
1.
-18.
last
19
flint flake
I
13
loose, undated. 2.
have
to
at Ilierakonpolis of the age of
at
fragment of crocodile bone
and therefore before the 1st Dynasty. huge number of beads, and the
are a
main deposit
the
at
workman, and
removed from the earth at
I
of these baboons to those of
which
the
crossed
The resemblance
brick wing of the Kamesside portal, according to
tube
beads,
with
palette
slate
All these
whole seems
on the base are some fragments of hieroglyphs. The arrowhead is of bronze; it was found within the thickness of a fractions of the digit;
all
forms;
hall
corners.
At the bottom of the plate arc some
Green glazed apes, and
12.
appears, and soon after larger and bigher conical
25
in
manufacturing the
in-
numerable stone bowls of the early dynasties. The examples here are arranged to show the different views of the grinders; 34, are all in side view,
2
1,
30,
.".I,
33,
showing the curvature
which they would produce, 24 being for a deep
—
ABYDOS
26
cup and 34
for a
wide shallow dish
;
the other
I.
hippopotamus head, and a kneeling
leg, wei*e
grinders are placed in base view, showing the
found loose in the rubbish, and therefore un-
hollow or notch on each side by which they
dated
were held
in a stick so as to be turned round.
pottery figures from Koptos.
in a layer of white
37.
sand and stone dust, evidently the refuse of the
stone,
They were usually found
they are of the same class as the early
;
A
found at the base of the town.
A
grinding powder which was used with them.
38.
The levels of these showed that they belong to
pottery,
all
parts of the 1st Dynasty.
With
these
we
must connect the crescent flints (xxvi, 305 314), which were mostly found in a stratum
triangles 39.
of
50
level
;
from such association
clear that
is
they were used for the vase business, and as
preliminary
drills
they would be effective on
most of the stones that were worked. age runs throughout the 1st Dynasty.
have been found
crescent
flints
Dynasty
at Beit Khallaf.
35, 36.
in
Their Similar
the
Illrd
These rough red pottery figures of a
A
strange piece of a large object of red
marked
all
over
with
deeply
cut
possibly part of an animal figure.
;
torso
a
of
human
figure
in
rough
pottery.
sand and stone dust, sloping between 80 and it
very rough scniatting figure in lime-
40. Pottery
upper one
is
figures fairly
of
kine,
modelled
:
of which
the
they were found
at 55 level, about the age of Zet, in the S.E. cornier of a space
filled
may
with sand, which
have been the foundation of a building. that case the space was probably dug as a hollow,
be
higher
Dynasty.
and hence the town then,
level
about the end of
In
down would
the
1st
27
CHAPTE
1
Ml
1
THE OSIRIS TEMPLE. As we have
23.
The
already stated, the Osiris
inscriptions, as such, are dealt with
temple occupied but a small part of the greal
Mr. Weigall
temenos which was
later built
cerned more with the position and
The temple
XVIIIth Dynasty, which
of the
around the
the lowest level yet cleared on this
around
close
a massive
it
thirty feet thick
;
brick
site.
site,
is
had
some
wall,
west side of which was
in the
a great pylon of red granite, opening into the rest of the larger temenos.
necessarily
published this year
As
incomplete,
so
still
two parts
the
:
or easternmost,
first,
is
a square
building, ©? of which nothing © but foundations and
remain
loose blocks
the second part has
;
still
the lower few feet of the walls of two pillared halls
— XXXth
deposits of the
The and
halls
XVIIIth— XX Vlth
it
until
I,
XXVIth
the
Until is
the
site.
are
com-
discuss
the
exact
to
At
least
town of the
just behind this temple
XXXth
the
excavations
premature
history of the
that as the
great temenos are other
XlXth and
the
of
Dynasty. pleted
to
Outside of the whole temple block,
in the south of the
buildings
Dynasties.
behind were built by Amenhotep
perhaps
Dynasty.
and foundation
Dynasties,
added
it
may
be said
earliest dynasties lies
site, it is
probable that
the earliest temple stood there also
;
for a later
temple would not be built on town ruins, nor
would
it
be likely to abandon the primitive
sacred ground.
have
been
found
obtained
are
all
the stones
The
re-used.
Mehtiemsaf
(pi.
were
liv),
foundation of the hall next to that
in the
Amenhotep I they are of slight and rough work, but show that some building was done in the Vlth Dynasty, so more may be found in
of
:
No
future.
buildings of this king were
known, except
his
pyramid
;
so
yet
any further
results will be of value.
The three
and some chambers.
In the square building were blocks of the
XVIIIth
age in the temple ground, and
blocks of Merenra,
is
historical
The remains before the XIIili Dynasty are not numerous (see pis. liv-lvii), as the work has not yet reached the true level of that that
given in Mr. Grarstane's © O El Arabah. The temple buildings principally consist of
of the site
by
are con-
24.
the plans are
not
we
meaning of the various sculptures.
they are
but a general surface view
;
chap, v; so here
in
pieces of large private steles, pi.
liv,
were found near together in the square temple
From
site.
the work
it
seems likely that they
belong to the Vlth Dynasty.
upper piece lower
is
from the
is
hand of a
stele.
three steles
of a stele
;
is
These belong to two
if
known
name
first
is
Adu.
in
the IVth
noble
;
and
column gives
it
hawk name was
is
Dynasty; rare.
seen in the third column,
was hitherto unknown. "
not
sealing of Shepses-kaf (pi. lv, 1),
and other remains of him are extremely
The royal
;
and unfortunately only one name
only such
and the
the
;
from the upper right
that of a mother, a royal favourite
The clay the
hand
left
the bottom of the right side of a stele
the right hand piece
is left,
left
The
his
lea
name, which
It reads Shepses, " the
gives a further proof that the that of the king's
lea,
for as
ABYDOS
28
name is
name
ha
this
is
is
Shepses, so the king's throne
Shepses-kaf, " his ka
noble."
is
name derived
the only instance of a personal
from the
lea
name.
of
a
The
known. limestone
;
represented by the lower
is
limestone
No
(pi. lv, 2).
seated
figure
of
Assa
figures of this king are hitherto
stone
a
is
fawn-coloured
soft
and the upper part was originally
joined on by tenons, the dowel holes of which
The work
are seen on the upper surface.
and detailed, making us regret the
fine
of the
we
the block on the
left
columns do not lv,
4 and
fit
may
5,
head and
The
body.
is
loss
inscription
merely the ha name and throne name.
is
The
columns
of the
column,
first
excepting
together,
On
and
the total height
pi. lvi
inches wide at top,
1
the shaft 17"4 wide at
below, 8'8 high;
24 down, but dressed narrow just below the capital
give
to
it
some
remarkable that, even in the king
The
is
named
piece of
projection.
column on the
Anher in
left
another reign, perhaps of Usertesen of these
remain, which were found in the square temple
are
is
a coarse, soft, limestone,
The
sufficient strength.
and were coloured red. of a
order to give
in
it
The temple of Antef is named, which we might call the Antefeum in Abydos. And Nekht is the follower of the royal son of the Seq Antef; so he must have been attached to an elder brother's retinue. The mention of the Eeq points to
this
Of the Xllth and XHIth Dynasty there
25.
many
remains
striking
king being the
first
of the
To
the
head of a
(lv, 6, 7),
of
Min
columns of lvi)
;
We
at Koptos. fine
found many pieces of
white limestone
(pis. lv,
3
—
5
;
and one architrave with cartouches read-
ing in each direction from a central anlch, as on
the slab of Usertesen
had been trimmed octagonal
pillar
in
(pi. lviii)
off,
;
but the ci\^(^
so as to
later
times,
form a rough
and
only a
narrow middle strip of the face remains, so that
granite
which was found with other fragments
beneath a mass of loose dust a south of
the
Kom
Sultan
es
little
in
the
to
the
great
temenos.
The and
slab of Usertesen
pi. lviii, is
the photograph (9)
is
of the
Now Kom
in pi. lv, 9, 10,
unknown.
Tn
seen to be a thick slab,
it is
and
sides,
but rough below
downward along
about 9 inches thick,
wide.
shown
I,
of a form as yet
with a projection
he did that
must be attributed
statue of red
colossal
titles.
Osiris, as
red
the later part of the Xllth,
finished on the front
Antef V built largely at Abydos, probably
colossal
showing that the temple was greatly adorned
Antefs, as the later kings use the usual royal
renewing the temple of
the
;
granite statues of Usertesen I found by Mariette,
or to the Xlllth Dynasty,
Osiris.
Most
I.
pieces of columns are taken for the
The
probably stood a figure of Anher or of
of
Museum.
Cairo
at this time.
king Antef and his son Nekht, before
whom
Osiris,
of Theni.
and might be of a
style,
signs are roughly cut, figures are those
is
pi. lvi is
The Xlth Dynasty opens with an important stele of Nekht, a son of King Antef (pis. lv, 8, lvii). Unhappily only two quarters of it
different
a
It
temple of
this
as beloved of
described.
The stone
the
The dimen-
on the second.
rather
ruins.
by the by
below
continued
sions of the capital are 18"
that
an original
at
fit
Vlth Dynasty inscriptions have already been
which was cut very thick
pieces of
indicated at the top
is
parallel inscription
17-1
The
site.
reasonably
joint in the stone.
The Yth Dynasty part
This
I.
?>
ft.
not far from
the back.
deep back, and 4
it,
It ft.
also to the south
es Sultan, lay another block (10),
of the same width, and of a depth backward
which would just end clear of the projection the upper block. is
that
is
in
clenches their relation
the two strange grooves
the upper holes
What
Mock
(9)
in
exactly
the lower block (10).
lit
in the front of
over the two
The lower block
quite rough and unfinished around the edges,
THE OSIRIS TEMPLE. and was certainly
sunk
be
to
an
in
Bence the upper block musf have
foundation.
been only a step, 9 inches high, on
The
seem
holes
upright,
in
On
Hat
the
unseen
have been
to
the line of the
inscription
upper
which
hiii),
(pi.
for poles to be se1
three
from
lines
their style
seem to be of the Xlllth Dynasty. surface of the
>ir[>
Thus the
the
poles,
13 inches, is not enough for passing, and the wear must be due to placing objects upon it. The whole arrangement is unlike anything thai
this
;
a
line,
as
ipleted
(
unknown name.
the hase of
at
Ba'seJehem'nefer'
Inn of
however he a combined
The
but stood clear and apart, except at the
The names of the king
in the later
cemetery G, lying front
of a
niastaba
The
inscription
about
of
next to
was
it,
The two-column
cemetery.
the
of
prince's
known
kings there are the Nos. of the Xlllth
No. 2
is
Of the
of this period.
Dynasty
2,
15, 20,
in the
possible
74 and 88
Turin papyrus.
barred by the Horus name se-arikh-taui.
No. 88, Sebek-em-saf, will not
fit
the sizes of the
three groups in the personal name.
and 20, Sebekhotep
I
written out s.b.k.
crocodile on shrine
t.p. fit
I
and
Nos. 15
II,
but No. 74 whose name
;
would
is
fit Avell 1
if
hotep
unknown might
The gods here honoured are the south, Up-uat of the north, and
equally well.
Up-uat of Osiris
Khentamenti.
are taken for the Cairo
This block and
its
base
In the halls at the back of the square temple
were several blocks of black syenite, from a On one of them large gateway of Ramessu II. is
an inscription of Sebekhotep
It
is
III, see pi. lix.
shallow in the cutting, and almost effaced
in parts
by the crumbling of the
stone,
due
to
a
of
table,
and
official,
Sebekhotep and
the
were found
last
seven
year in
the Xllth Dynasty cemetery. D.
In
pi. lx,
No. 2
No.
is
1
a piece of a limestone stele
inscribed on
is
year.
last
the front of a kneeling
statue of soft limestone
found
the tcmenos
in
behind the temple enclosure, near the statue of
No. 3
Ptah-em-ua.
is
a part of a stele of lime-
from cemetery G, which bears the
stone
names
congruous No. 4
of
Aincny
a piece of limestone
is
in-
and
Sit-pepy.
stele
from the
temenos, of the Xlllth Dynasty.
No. 5
is
a
fragment of a sandstone figure of a scribe Ab. Beside
these
a
large
stele
of
was
limestone
found behind the temple, giving long family lists
connected with the queen Auhet-abu
as the copying of
Museum.
same
the
inscription
from cemetery D, tomb 7b, found
being
fully
inscription,
in
it,
almost useless to us owing to so few examples
his wife Nefert-uhen,
Vllth
shown more
is
near
found
part of
a.
the
The block with deeply cut
above.
uartu
in place before
still
columns of another such
:
small size
in
hammered we but can recover Ra-sekhem, and in the personal name three groups of different heights the Horus name in three groups with v, is ;
of
formed
the left foot of the plate, was found in the
at
Dynasty.
zet
cartouche
altar of offerings, outlined
large front inscription run
sides of the block, hearing anhh
It
seshes, like selchem.
the
inscriptions have all been carefully
out
same type
tin-
Op-uat-em-saf.
Ba'seJchem'nefer'khau,
elsewhere.
proves that the step was not built into
back edge.
there
is
hotep; an as
of a cartouche
Ba'kha'seshes'Nefei"hotej3 } with a badly
hut the space between
round the
lix
of the
it.
The fragment pi.
a
and
it,
lea
might
side lines;
ta
mten ha •mil. -living
the description king"' above
emblem,
name behind
pole, with the ka
a
/-.>
rather more worn than the
line
we know in temples The ends of the
head on
king was his
tl
was always clear ami hare.
The middle
is
of
Behind
salt.
of the step.
froni
are
face
the floor.
29
must be 26.
it
but
occupied so long a time,
left
over to appear next year.
Of
the
XVIIIth
important work was a large
wide and 40
;
feet long, the
Dynasty hall,
uof
the
about 30
it
first
feet
of which was
borne by six pillars; three chambers adjoined this hall;
and another and larger
hall to the
;
ABYDOS
30
north of
may
it
be rather later
behind the square mass of temple ruins.
halls lie
The walls yet remain about 30 inches
high,
bearing the ends of some lines of inscription
around the doors
and
;
and chambers
in the hall
were several loose blocks of sculpture.
From lxii
—
we see that by Amenhotep
erected
name
His personal
I.
pis.
buildings were
these
has been erased from the cartouches, but his
name
throne
pi.
lxii)
there
is
I (top
but only as deceased, since he wears
;
Amenhotep
without that ornament.
living, is
above head of Aahmes, we at the top right
are like those It
hand of of
may
I,
then
Besides the
identify another
pi. lxiii
the features
;
Aahmes, and
wears the
it
has been back to back with a figure
of Osiris, as on the possible
the
to
Beside
Aahmes
a figure of
the menat like Osiris, while
menat.
points
by Akhenaten.
done
being
erasure
Amenhotep
which
intact,
is
upper scene of
of these
fits
several were thus connected together.
pears that there was a
list
and
tried,
It ap-
of offerings along the
base of the wall, 28 inches high
;
then groups
of the king offering to deities above that, about
42 high
:
and a second
line
groups yet
of
higher up, of the king and his ka about 36
high
;
or
altogether about
9
height
feet
of
sculpture, besides the plain footing to the wall.
In the
list
of offerings possibly the left
hand top
piece might agree better with the base piece if
transferred one
column farther
offering henelc nu seems to el
Bahri (D. B.
pi. cxiii,
end in
t
out, as the
nebt at Deir
lowest line)
;
but
if
so
blocks of
III were found in the square
The
temple ruins.
largest
mass of
was a long architrave
may
with richly-coloured hieroglyphs, which
removed II
Museum. This, and most had been taken down by Aahmes
XXVIth
the
in
be
to the Cairo
Dynasty, and buried for the
Many
foundations of his temple.
we have removed only bore
blocks that
usual
figures, of
&c, and are not here published. One large lintel of Tahutmes III, which was still in bright condition of colouring, was sent direct Osiris,
Museum
Boston
to the
;
wide and 35 inches high.
it
measured 65 inches
Another
lintel,
which
was of the same width, was found broken up
shown on
several pieces, as of value
is
it
Tahutmes jointly
lxi,
pis.
as
historically,
2
At
together
one
at
the base of
be
time,
greater
Kom
lxiv
that
regardless
is
of a goddess certainly of
work and portrait the not known elsewhere. The broken seated
figure
of of
of
titles
;
also found, to the south
a
of
Sultan.
es
from the
slabs
arm
of
titles.
the
was
III
part of the carved.
is
part
Tahutmes the
by
it
two
but the sphinx
III
over
title
lxiv are
pi.
that with the
;
later,
Tahutmes
in
and Tahutmes III were reigning
II
square temple
may
;
proves
it
Hatshepsut, and each bearing the same
All
pi. lxii.
were
blocks
Tahutmes
of the rest,
the sculptures (Frontispiece, and
lxiv)
A great quantity of finely-sculptured
These
in date.
I.
The slab on pi. lxi has Tahutmes III, delicately
Another slab bears the ha name of
Amenhotep
II,
and names
the pillar published
by
his sed festival, as
on
Frisse.
Within the square mass of ruins were found two foundation deposits of Tahutmes III in pits full of sand,
showing that the
dug out when
site
was not
the later temple was built.
must have been fitted in between the blocks in the upper part here. These blocks were mostly fresh with colour
all
when found
but, unhappily, an extraordinary
knives, adzes, and axes (see pi. lxi, 5), with an
washed away nearly
alabaster vase inscribed, and a model shell of
a short piece
;
torrent of rain which all
fell,
the surfaces, and destroyed
much
that several are
They had been
all
the
stones so
now not worth
transport.
drawn, and the photographs
taken, before this damage.
The deposit contained the usual pottery time (see Kojitos
pi. xiv),
and copper models of
alabaster with traces of paint inscription.
of the copper tools bear the
and probably
when
cleaned.
all will
of that
name
Some
of the king,
be found to be inscribed
The plan and
position of the
;
;
THE OSIRIS TEMPLE. deposit
will
given
lie
the
in
survey
nexl
year.
figures
contained a green
was found, which only
pit
glazed
plaque, broken
with the name of Ajnenhotep
The
slab
inscription
f
pi.
r
1
1
stand of limestone of same king,
and
,
up.
a
solid
lxi,
is
6,
seated Ins
Amid
heeii
The jasper head. 6g. 7, is from s e work it is highly finished, and seems it might be of the XVIIIth Dynasty.
is
native
;
head,
steatite
the blue glass
fig.
may
8,
he later
hut
:
of finely-cut glass
fish, fig. 9, is
and, by the colour, not far from the time of
Amenhotep III. 27. The XlXth Dynasty has sculptures, but not
any large
a limestone statue of an
pis. lxv, 2 life size,
—
4
;
His
cattle in the
represented nearly
ua,
"Amen
temple of Ramessu
The
statue
in the temple,
and royal
II,
Ptah
in the barque."
was found over a deep square
hole,
not yet cleared out, at the back of the inner wall
of
another figure
in
enclosure
Un-nefer,
With
temple.
the
soft limestone of
son
or rather of his
given
in
talc
is
that
found
the
Hora,
was
it
great kneel-
In the later hall behind the square temple
was a squatting granite
figure of the ubiquitous
Un-nefer,
5
crumbled by
salt,
and
I
It
was able
and contained
many
it,
in
much broken up
to be
is
temenos
the
and scattered from
Among
inscribed blocks.
these was
Ymamu,
pis. lxv,
Among
1
1
;
and
lxvi.
the minor pieces on
pi. lxvi
piece with birds should be noticed
The
rare.
rough
On
I,
which
piece in the top line
is
a
flake of limestone, with the cartouche of
Ramessu of
last
trial
and the
;
fragment of the hi name of Ramessu is
the
II scrawled
pi. lxvii
wooden
as he
in with a brush of ink.
the inscription of
Bay
not called maahheru.
is
on a piece
is
furniture, probably not from a coffin,
Two
pieces of
black granite squatting figures of Unnefer are
here
;
one giving the
The two
905.
title
priest
had inherited, see Lieb.
of
Diet.
inscriptions of Mentu-em-hat, the
great vizier of Taharqa, are roughly
hammered
upon natural blocks of limestone, which are
off the
lying loose in the floor of the valley leading to
to
lift
removed.
On
the
naming his mother Maatinuy, or Maa-anuy, and his wife Thiy (see While near the great Lieblein, Diet. 895).
back
walls,
its
was greatly
face in one block, the rest of the figure being
too
was a great tomh, un-
it
it,
pi. lxv, 8.
7.
The
which were taken by the Mudir. Our interest in it was that it had been built up from all kinds of odd stones that were lying about in
Sokari, which he
—
"In Temenos."
pounds weight of gold ornaments
three
copied
lxv,
lxxx,
pi.
ing and holding a standing statue of Osiris,
see pi.
ruins over the early town
covered forty years ago by the sebakhin, who
keeper of the
name was Amen-em-per-Ptak-em-
his full
Imrah.
the varied
mentioned before, and the pieces of a great stele of the high official Khay, with his wife
scribe of the divine offerings of all the gods
and
and
Ptah-em-ua,
were
offices
Messrs. Maclver
in
the great stele of the family of queen Auhet-ab,
official is
.
two
found
principal piece
standing, and holding a statue of Osiris
him.
before
He
lxvii.
cpuantity of build-
The
ing like the previous age.
several
left
pair of
was found a stone building, of which the plan
inlayed if
The splendid
Long genealogy,
a
published
is
wife
his
red granite, of tJn-nefer and
in
with
years ago,
injured
vel
figures
Father,
studied.
is
of Dn-nefer and
LO),
9,
Mace's volume El
pi. lxi, 3, 4.
by incrustations of lime, and ha- not
The
(lxv,
Thiy, suniained Nefertaii
Another deposit
as
31
inscription
wall, apparently turned out
from the
Nectanebo temple, was a granite group of two
the
royal
visit,
tombs
one appears to record his
;
and the other, with maahheru, was pro-
bably placed in his memory.
The square mass of the temple of the XVIIIth Dynasty, was rebuilt by Aahmes II. He took down what remained of the previous 28.
work,
and
laid
it
in
his
foundations.
He
ABYDOS
32
enlarged the plan, but without caring to relay
proper foundations the
top
so his stone walls rest
foundation of Tahutmes tion
at
arc
block
his
On one
III.
cartouches
on the
of
retaining-walls
brick
the
of
;
528 inches from the inside of
S.W.
the
Fig.
Osiris.
Sekhet
The principal monument
granite, in the
shrine of red
great monolith
was a
of his time
3
fig.
;
the
is
mummified
quartzite sandstone (figs. 4-5), larger than
in
The
life-size.
is
be referred to
the
of this shrine have long
and carried away, leaving The main only parts of the unmanageable top. piece has nearly half of two sides of the pyramidion, bearing a large cartouche of Haa-ab-ra since been broken off
in
middle of each
the
by the
flanked
side,
vulture of Nekheb and the uraeus of Uazit.
The smaller shows
opposite
piece of the
a similar
evidently
two
sides
The two
design.
already
made during the joint reign of Haa-ab-ra and Aahmes. The form of the name, Aahmes son of Osiris, instead of Neit,
was evidently used
The upper thin
slab
in
is
very unusual, and
honour of
this temple.
table of offerings, pi. lxix,
of limestone,
is
a
roughly carved, with
prayer to Osiris and Khentamenti for the seal bearer Heru, a son of Sit-Hathor. offerings
table of
is
limestone
a thick
with a deep tank in the lower dedicated by
Aahmes
and was placed
II,
later in the
block,
with his usual
The
of Haa-ab-ra,
side, in the
destruction of the
place.
On
plate lxx are other objects of the
Dynasty.
The bronze
figures,
1
—
3,
XXVIth
are part of
a large quantity which were found scattered on the floor of the great hall, to the north of the hall of
Amenhotep.
the very
common,
Nearly
all
of these were
small, roughly-cast figures of
XXVIth
(fig.
6),
6
figs.
A
—
9,
were
square plaque
had been placed on the
top of the pit containing an undisturbed foundadeposit
Tahutmes
of
A
III.
cartouche
and a square one, were placed
S),
(fig.
on the top of another such deposit.
But the
the
alabaster,
group of small fig.
7,
objects,
fig.
9,
and a large number of plaques
(figs.
G
and 8) were found scattered loose in the sand, near together, having apparently been the main deposit
the
of
disturbed
XXVIth
Dynasty
building,
by the subsequent removal
of the
stones.
These deposits show the continuance of the
XlXth Dynasty, which was
style of the
titles;
cast
of the
is
the
to
deposits,
found in various positions.
unknown
was
as belonging
foundation
haunches,
temple of Nectanebo, it
known
was
It
half.
south of the Osiris temple, whence out on the west
The lower
very good, and
Dynasty.
plaque
which may have been
is
the skull
same class as the fine heads in basalt which are
belong to some other granite work to the sides of the shrine,
bones
facial
tion
or possibly
solely to
temple,
pieces placed upright at each side of the plate ;
found in
is
we must attribute this Egyptian sources. The modelling of
and
and as
;
entirely out of the question here, since
us at Esneh, Thmuis, Nebesheh, and other late flat sides
Roman
influence, except that of the
school of the late Republic
portrait
that
style could hardly
nothing even of l'tolemaic times
The
is
Osiris.
usual style of such works, which are familiar to
temples.
Fig. 2
Near these bronzes was found a portrait head
any foreign
corner.
an unusual figure of Horus,
is
1
with the double feather of Amen.
founda-
roughly cut,
I.
The
at so late a date.
hitherto
bulls' heads,
grains of corn, and flowers, are all
similar to the deposits of the
Ramesseum, which
we should not have expected after the different style known in the deposits of Ta-usert, Siptah, Psamtek I, and Aahmes. The materials are green
glaze
carnelian,
green
small figures cupper, and
No
for
;
the
plaques,
felspsar,
and
and the same
8
(!,
glass
stones,
;
jasper, for
the
with iron,
silver, for the rectangular blocks.
gold was found.
The meaning
circular slab of alabaster
(fig.
7)
of the semi-
is
unknown
;
OSIKIS TEMPI. E.
'NIK
but
occurs also in
it
Psamtek
To
but within
a
of
temple of
the
temenos,
greal
apparently by
-t
was
funnel
of the foundation
wesi end of
in.
over thirteen
wide and deep:
the
in.
II,
as
of very
retaininer-wall feel
deep.
In
over
lower
the
other,
recess
influences of Greek art.
muss of
In the Bquare
the
upper one had
plundered, the lower one was
tilled
in
hard white limestone, two seated, ami
standing joined together. or less destroyed; but,
we recovered
of chips,
seated
figure L2, and
These were
among the
ma
large
the greater pari of the
the upper half of one of
the standing figures, 13,
I
The
I.
seated
we know
restrained modelling, which
the
besl
such sculpture as the torsos of Nefert-ythi,
at
and other work of the XVIIIth Dynasty.
with laid
figure
has the delicate curves, the line proportions, and
in
been
two
more
all
ai
There were no deposits found
recesses;
these
another
above the Hour, and the upper
in.
109 to 162
in Jea,
'.-iris,
south side there were two
tin'
one
58 to 102
in
The
here.
recesses,
circular-headed
-2
is
1
<
Nectanebo
fragment of a cartouche ending
1
of Siptah,
temple ruin were Found portions of four figures
the
built
late stvle,
tin
deposits
&c.
I,
the south wesi
temple,
the
33
standing
figure
attracts
rendering of the face classical
;
by
us
for while
Egyptian treatment,
the
masterly
preserving the
has a
it
The
full vitality
bricks; but in the corner in front of the lower
and realism
recess lay the limestone mortar, cake of resin,
have been copied from the best type of the
and
modern Egyptian peasant
little
shown just
in
plaques iiir.
under
a
11.
of
lazuli
In
the
stone
below the top of the objects,
of the wall,
and
carnelian,
south-east corner,
illustrations are
pavement, 4"
of the
in.
were found similar
along with a square of copper, and a
now
them on a
The most unexpected result of the year's work has been the discovery of a high style
date
of
limestone
Nectanebo the
I,
sculpture
under
the
reign
of
which preserves the traditions of
XVIIIth Dynasty almost unchanged, and
shows no trace whatever of the surrounding
hut
of
Museum, and, when
in the Cairo
dedication
one of
larne side of a
and fourth are from
third
lull.
the
Q.
drawings are
the
head
the
for
CKMKTKKY
7
that
of
Heru-maakheru,
should read Mert-tefnut.
Mertiu-heru.
At
Sarcophagus the
head of
marked 1 was the base of an and a model coffin with a jackal upon
A it,
Osiride statuette,
,
turned upside down, see base of at 3
and C.
proceed to describe the details of
each of the burials, in order. is
B
both
it,
pi. lxxii
;
and
was the canopic box figured on the same
plate (lxxii).
On
wooden
was seen
coffin
the breast and pi. lxxiii.
raising the stone
down
lid,
a large
inside, inscribed across
to the feet, as copied
On opening
the coffin, the
on
mummy
;
ABYDOS
36
was
covered with a cartonnage
seen,
on the
;
and bine headpiece, with ebony beard; on the neck a collar in bands with hawks' heads at the top corners; on the breast a
head a
gilt
Nut with wings extended,
figure of
coloured,
and the four genii in gold on a blue ground,
down
at the corners;
inscribed
the legs a gilded strip,
and on the foot-piece a figure of
;
I.
(named there Ta-sen-meht). was a wooden
coffin
in
which the name
netwmdc of beads,
with an inscription
coffin,
always spelt Tay-nckht,
is
Upon
see pi. lxxiii.
Inside the stone
mummy was
the
a diagonal
stripes of black
in vertical
and green alternately, with yellow
ball
beads at
the junctions.
D
The sarcophagus
By
that of Mert-tefhut.
is
was a block base of an Osiride
The whole of this, as well as the wooden coffin, was so much rotted that nothing
statuette (7 in the plan)
Beneath the cartonnage, a
of the tomb, next to B,
was the white painted
in diagonal squares covered
canopic box figured in
pi.
Anubis.
could be preserved.
network of beads
mummy,
the
10
20 squares wide at the top, and
The colours were
below.
alternately five
squares of green and one of bine, in stripes
The
across the body.
the right hand open breast
the
;
the arms were crossed on
and along the
of papyrus,
a roll
;
hand was clenched,
left
left
humerus was
much decayed
too
be
to
the foot of
it
The wooden
plan).
and on the other
;
lxxiv, 4
scription, the only legible part of which
On
in pi. lxxiii.
mummy
the
network of beads,
Around
these sarcophagi were
ments of funeral furniture,
Upon
statuette,
mummified body, only long: this was not quite
;
The sarcophagus E had
53
burial,
in.)
was unclosed, and
adult, as the basilar suture
there was
no trace of the third molars, but
it
seems too small to belong to a youth of normal stature.
On
the
wooden
inside
coffin,
the
sarcophagus, was the inscription of Heru-maakheru, given in
The
pi. lxxiii.
linen wrappings
of the
mummy
pitch
the arms were crossed on the breast:
;
was open, the
the right hand
on
were thick, and covered with
hawk placed on each
with a
the
another
lop
while
;
model
a
wooden
bearing
the
canopic
in
plan),
corner, and a jackal
and C
1!
figures
its
given
of
side-.
genii
Portions
also in
was
pi.
found, lxxiii
was evidently
easily for the
it
next
class of
tombs
at
Abydos
are the large subterranean vaults, with a super-
These were restored by
structure above them.
Mariette
as
pyramids with
brick
a
central
domed chamber; and
his restoration has passed
into a familiar item
in
attributed these to the
later books.
He
XVIIIth Dynasty.
also
But
apparently both this restoration and this date arc wrong. typical
tomb
superstructure
box were
inscription
An important
and section on
(I
stone lid propped this
;
was found empty and unused.
coffin
with
coffin,
it
of Ta-se-nekht; at
between
holding knives, painted on
but
32.
A
that The sarcophagus C was model of it a the foot
of
hand clenched
bullions root.
a
is
013
left
examined or pre-
its
up with a course of bricks done in order to open
(1.346
other frag-
those already
served.
the sarcophagus lay a in.
five
but so completely eaten by white
ants that they could not be
a block base of an Osiride
rows of
many
like
The sarcophagus B is that of Heru-maa-kheru at the head of which was placed the model 3,
in-
given
green squares and one blue square alternately.
described
and a decayed canopic box.
is
was a diagonal
horizontal
in
(3 in
7,
inside bore an
coffin
opened.
coffin, pi. lxxiv,
—
side
place,
was
of this class
Lxxx,
pi. is
on
pi.
.
s
contains
the
larg
A wide well-pil leads loan arched chamber; and a doorway descending the steps in that, another doorway leads into a grand vaulted long,
feet
nine
chamber over twenty fourteen and
wide, and
feel
A slope of brickwork
half feet high.
led
to the sarcophagus at the bottom.
33.
tombs
We now turn of the XXXth 50,
;
that.
like
The other
notice,
the total of 385 seems to have
been originally 400,
hearts, scarab, double
eye, scarab,
the deposits already
The tomb
of
other (see
pi.
shewn
col.
Ilapi
men was
5 up,
no blur between
before a.]
ma
a
;
There was no inner
cartonnage on the body was gilt
except on the
deep
col.
On
Nut, the bier with
Isis,
coffin
;
up, add
and the
coloured, and not
moved.
On
all
of
A was
a box
!
30 were plain small figures, 2 were larger, and one was inscribed in a 1
down
the front, for
Over the ushabti box
lap-men.
figures and
Osiride
line
a
hawk
of
were two
w
1.
In
I)
and wings, the winged Nebhat, and four genii,
of salt;
the breast
was the
the leg cover with red and white bands and
garland pattern,
In
was a canopic box, very carefully painted with much detail, containing two long round packets
face.
collar, the scarab
iv, 7
iii,
funereal furniture.
at the sides of
evidently later examples of the same family;
[The lithograph should be corrected col.
any
to
between two other tomb chambers,
in
for the
them.
in
different
little
of ushabtis, poorer than those of Pedu-asar, and
in pi. Ixxix, 7; the inscription in
4 up, neb per without a blur;
i,
tie.
lxxx, G. 61), as the sarcophagus
and had two brick hollows, A, B, it
but
nothing was found intact
as
The sarcophagus E was that of Horuza, son The figure-shaped of Zedher and Nebta-ahyt. Ixxv.
scarabs,
as
large tombs need
was put
pi.
Bonis
eye,
loose,
noticed.
lid is
in
All of these sarcophagi are taken to the Cairn
The
group north of
frog,
I
some threaded
large heart scarab lay in the pelvis.
Museum.
half lay in one
sceptre,
eyes,
2
but more than
;
a
mummy
At the neck of the
double leather, aper, heart, eyes, and girdle
three were in the sand within the sarcophagus
G, the lid of which was tilted
the inside was partly
and sam; some also
seated,
in
:
bunch of amulets;
a
feather,
The ushabtis were mixed
ushabtis of Zedher.
toward F
upon the sand.
for
the priest of Hathor and Uazit, Peduasar son of
£
head
the
the ushabtis were for him, and there
unnamed
apart,
of
The body was covered with
poor.
many
filling
style
The sarcophagus G was
by the funereal
sand
the
The
cartonnage, like thai of
clean vertebra, a finger bone, and two bits of the sand
k\\
pi.
coarse and
painted on top and sides.
a tibia, lay loose on
39
m
here
bul
block
a
G
it
too
much
rotted to be
the neck were three heart amulets
and a figure of Nebhat.
woodwork was destroyed by white
All of this
Within
ants.
the square stone sarcophagus was an inner stone
sarcophagus of the figure form.
The
face
was
and an uza eye; on the body a red jasper girdle and a large heart tie, a two-finger amulet,
of rather debased work, but carefully coloured
scarab on the right side in the body. The sarcophagus F was that of Pedu-en-ast,
engraved and painted, and a
The lid is son of Zedher and Nebta-ahyt. painted with red hieroglyphics in outline, given
in the
eye.-
:
see pi. Ixxv.
and down the front was a
line of inscription,
J>oth of the sarcophagi had been
broken through at the side; and the
was torn
collar,
to pieces over the breast,
mummy
by ancient
;
AUYDOS
40
Torn from the
plunderers in search of amulets.
was the
breast was the pectoral, and ou the feet foot case,
showu
made and
Below the mummy,
finely painted.
about the middle, was the bead fringe, figure 8
And
probably displaced from the neck. side of the feet
at the
was a small mummified dog
(?),
utterly plundered, coffins
the
It
lid.
other such crystalline as
it
pi.
and partly
place,
lxxx, had filled
been
with broken
The original sarcophagus
and rubbish.
was found in
58,
and most of the pieces of
was figure-shaped, larger than any and of a
sarcophagi, limestone.
The
fine
hard
inscription, as
could be recovered, gives
the
far
name
of
Khent amentit, and is Two fragments which
Nefert-iut, a chantress of
copied
in
pi.
lxxxv.
cannot be put in place, are shown at the
side.
In the great court G. 57 a lid of a sarco-
phagus was found, broken in two, and bearing an inscription in red paint.
lxxix,
pi.
facsimile but
Later than
This
is
photo-
6,
and has been copied
these a
all
G. 50 had been stripped of
tomb its
of the type of
chambers
the floor of the open court which was of
in
not yet published.
is
mummies were
laid, side
by
;
and on rows
left,
On some
side.
were networks of blue tube beads, of
of these
the poorest kind
carefully swathed in wrappings.
The great tomb G
graphed on
These are well
in pi. lxxix, 9.
1.
and four
and the scarab and wings,
;
By
dark blue rough glaze.
genii, of
these were pieces of
box
coffins,
made
of
wood
painted red, with green inscriptions, rude and
poor
;
and the
wood, either figures
boxes viscera
of
latest
plain,
left
the
genii
or with very coarse
painted
containing
instead
of
only
had
potsherds in
canopic boxes of rough
linen
them.
On
mummies were hundreds ushabtis, very roughly
black,
or blue.
in
the of
XXVIth
These
mummified
packets
of
floor
broken
amid the
brown
pottery
made, and coloured
These seem Dynasty.
red,
to be the very
latest stage of the style of burial
in the
red.
the
which began
II
CHAPTEB
\.
THE INSCRIPTIONS. A.
Bi
35.
The
Abydos
are
and
date,
inscriptions discovered
this
very varied
nature and
in
fcheir
many
represent
of
The majority were found but
>siris,
the
and
sarcophagi
late
Dynasty.
Temple
the
in
year at
Wbiqall.
ser
known
Although
enclosure.
Osiris
not
p.
funeral
extreme
of
importance, these inscriptions add a number of
new names
to the aristocracy of
and repeat with no
That
of its kings. in the
little
Ancient Egypt,
this material has
hands of the present writer
been placed
is
due to the
kindness of Prof. Petrie; and help
most generously given
some
many
interest those of
in
the clearing up of
by Mr. Percy Newberry,
difficult points
Mr. Herbert Thompson, and Mr. Alan Gardiner. Especial
thanks
must
be
rendered
Thompson
for permitting free use to
of his notes
upon the subject
PI. liv, 1.
Abydos whose name
of the hypocephali.
Prince
a is
Mr.
be made
Three fragments of limestone
doors belonging to
titles
to
false
(or Princes)
unfortunately
of
His
lost.
are erpd ha Hereditary Prince, smer udti
239).
"'.
The
I
>yn.
r
Ij'SiUn
PUP ill!
lxxiii.
to Osiris
two lower are destroyed.
(J
se§h
hotep,
.
the edges there
Remains of a limestone
...
4.
bdti
good and pure
all
the Chiefly Companion,
offerings.
3.
grant
Temple.
reverence with
things, for the ka of the
portion
may
Osiris
.
.
formulae to Osiris Lord of
hetep
Cemetery G.
ad
em-hetep reu-f nefer ....
.
The King gives an
the
they
".
a
fchird
Around
the long inscription
.
the
Abydos, and [Anpu]
priest
Seten
hhet neb infer uabt ne lea ne sdhu
A
a';
boni
name
n<
stand-
before
named ....
A
coloured.
repre-
is
sented ing
originally
stele,
6J
be seen,
and
it
iM
gives seten de hetep formulae
Anpu
for
the
benefit
Osirian hexi-L-u-priest Heru-maakheru. tery G.
'About Dyn. XXVIII.
of
the
Ceme-
53
INDEX. Anilines
I,
portrait of
54
.
I
-o ..
doors fringe
F< '-par,
.... ....
green, in foundation depos
\
1
1
E\
66
56
INDEX. Nekht-hor-heb, cartouche of
Nes-her
35,
is
L8,
24
hone
N umerical signs
19,50
M. tombs
in
Offering chambers
.
.
•-',
table of
11. .
18, 51
45, 51
.
pre-Menite King
35, 36, 38, 39
bronze figures of
,,
high priest of
,,
Jca
of
30, 32, 45
.
.
46
.
44
,,
Khentamenti
,,
mummified
.
,,
shrine of
.
,,
temenos
„
temple
,,
of
in
32 9
1, 9,
27
9,
27
.
titles of
„
Ox-bones
29, 45
.
41—48
inscriptions
,,
5
.
Osiride statuettes
name
30
.
per-kheru
Osiris,
18
12,
of
„
of
34
.
,,
Older
38
.
Offerings, altars of list
18
17,
Obsidian amulets
,,
4
.
Nut, representations of
Objects
33
.
.
(letter,
33
.
statues of age of
,,
45, 46, 48, 51
.
tomb
17
.
Pa-asi
44
Paint, white
18
.
Painted pottery
23
Aegean ,,
,,
,,
sculpture
,,
6
...
....... date confirmed
Palettes, slate
6
30 25
17, 23, 24,
Panelling
3,
Papyrus Paraffin wax, for preserving
wood and cartonnage
38
.
Pe, shrine of Buto
Pectoral
41
....... .........
Pedu-asar
of breccia
Pedu-en-ast
34 39
39, 49
Pendants Perabsen
23 .
4,
.
Pcr-hhcru offerings
,,
,,
Pilgrim bottle Pillared court hall
connections of
6
42, 44, 48, 51
Pesh-hcn amulet ,,
40
38,
Pediment
4
38
36,
.
.
.
.24 .24
........
6,
34 34
29
P
57
ivory
58
INDEX. Stone, vases, see Vases.
59
.
ABYDOS
60
Weight
Wooden framing tray
Workmen, ,,
.
25
Zed
.
18
Zed-her
.
16
Zer
.
White paint in
.
tombs
7,
Qufti trained
I.
37
1, .
„
.
.
.
flints of
2
Zeser
2
Zeser-ka-ra
Zet
Ymamu
31
Zazanut, mer
4G
,,
.
flints of
Zigzag pattern on bird's leg bone ,,
Aegean pottery
1
:
2
ABYDOS.
TOMB OF
KING KA-AP.
Nf
Bfl
4
I
y
11
Pi 13
UNIVERSITY NEW YORK
W0M
SQUARE
CBUB*
1
:
ABYDOS.
2
TOMB OF KING
KA-AP.
18 21
20
f
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J
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7
m>
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$k
26
F.R
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1
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NEW YORK UNIVERSITY WASMON
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III,
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LIX.
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON SQUARE
•
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CQU£i
4: 9
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ABYDOS.
TEMENOS OF
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XII. -XIII.
DYN.
LX.
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ABYDOS.
TEMENOS OF
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DYNASTY.
XVIII™
LXI.
FOUNDATION DEPOSITS. 3.
GREEN GLAZE.
4.
LIMESTONE, AMENHOTEP
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MODEL TOOLS,
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7.
JASPER HEAD.
8.
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NEW YORK UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON SQUARE COUfBE
LIBRARY
2
:
13
ABYDOS.
TEMPLE OF AMENHOTEP
LXII
H.P
1
:
8
ABYDOS.
TEMPLE OF AMENHOTEP
I.
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NEW YORK UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON SQUARE CflUfGE
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ABYDOS.
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LXIV.
NEW
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ABYDOS.
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FRAGMENTS OF STATUES.
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2-4.
5-7.
8.
TEMENOS OF
LIMESTONE FIGURE OF UN-NEFER.
XIX™ DYNASTY.
LXV.
LIMESTONE STATUE OF PTAHEMUA.
BACK AND HEAD OF GRANITE FIGURE OF UN-NEFER.
9,
10.
UN-NEFER AND
TIY,
GRANITE.
11.
STELE OF KHAY.
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON SQUARE
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LXVII.
MM i
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UNNEFER.
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7
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NEW YORK UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON SQUARE COLLEGE
LIBRARY
1:8
ABYDOS.
TEMENOS OF
OSIRIS;
TOP OF GRANITE SHRINE OF APRIES.
&C.
LXVIII.
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1
:
3
ABYDOS.
TABLES OF OFFERINGS,
S£j TAm £ •+•
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ABYDOS.
6,8,9.
11.
TEMENOS OF
FOUNDATION DEPOSITS OF APRIES
DEPOSIT OF NEKHTNEBEF
(?).
:
OSIRIS.
7.
XXV|th_xXXth DYNASTIES.
OF AAHMES.
10.
ALTAR OF AAHMES.
12—14. STATUES OF AGE OF NEKHTHORHEB.
LXX
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON SQUARE COUffiE
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PORTIONS OF PAINTED COFFIN OF TAHUTMES.
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ABYDOS. BOX OF TASENMEHT, G
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FOOTCASE AND PECTORAL OF HAPI-MEN.
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